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<-- p. 199 -->



<centered><point26>C.</point26></centered>



<hw>C</hw>. <pr>(<?/)</pr> <sn>1.</sn> <def>C is the third letter

of the English alphabet. It is from the Latin letter C, which in

old Latin represented the sounds of <xex>k</xex>, and

<xex>g</xex> (in <xex>go</xex>); its original value being the

latter. In Anglo-Saxon words, or Old English before the Norman

Conquest, it always has the sound of <xex>k</xex>. The Latin C

was the same letter as the Greek <GAMMA/, <gamma/, and came from

the Greek alphabet. The Greek <xex>got</xex> it from the

Phoenicians. The English name of C is from the Latin name

<xex>ce</xex>, and was derived, probably, through the French.

Etymologically C is related to <xex>g</xex>, <xex>h</xex>,

<xex>k</xex>, <xex>q</xex>, <xex>s</xex> (and other sibilant

sounds). Examples of these relations are in L. a<xex>c</xex>utus,

E. a<xex>c</xex>ute, a<xex>g</xex>ue; E. a<xex>c</xex>rid,

ea<xex>g</xex>ar; L. <xex>c</xex>ornu, E. <xex>h</xex>orn; E.

<xex>c</xex>at, <xex>k</xex>itten; E. <xex>c</xex>oy,

<xex>q</xex>uiet; L. <xex>c</xex>ir<xex>c</xex>are, OF.

<xex>c</xex>er<xex>ch</xex>ier, E.

<xex>s</xex>ear<xex>ch</xex>.</def>



<note>See <xex>Guide to Pronunciation</xex>, \'c5\'c5

221-228.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>(a) The keynote of the normal

or \'bdnatural\'b8 scale, which has neither flats nor sharps in

its signature; also, the third note of the relative minor scale

of the same <sd>(b)</sd> C after the clef is the mark of common

time, in which each measure is a semibreve (four fourths or

crotchets); for <xex>alla breve</xex> time it is written <?/

<sd>(c)</sd> The \'bdC clef,\'b8 a modification of the letter C,

placed on any line of the staff, abows that line to be middle

C.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>As a numeral, C stands for Latin

<ets>centum</ets> or 100, CC for 200, etc.</def>



<cs><col>C spring</col>, <cd>a spring in the form of the letter

C.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Ca*a"ba</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar.

<ets>ka'ban</ets>, let, a square building, fr. <ets>ka'b</ets>

cube]</ety> <def>The small and nearly cubical stone building,

toward which all Mohammedans must pray.</def> <altsp>[Written

also <asp>kaaba</asp>.]</altsp>



<note><hand/ The <xex>Caaba</xex> is situated in Mecca, a city of

Arabia, and contains a famous black stone said to have been

brought from heaven. Before the time of Mohammed, the

<xex>Caaba</xex> was an idolatrous temple, but it has since been

the chief sanctuary and object of pilgrimage of the Mohammedan

world.</note>



<hw>Caas</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. sing. & pl.</pos>

<def>Case.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Chaucer</au>.



<hw>Cab</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Abbrev. fr.

<ets>cabriolet</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A kind of close

carriage with two or four wheels, usually a public vehicle.</def>

\'bdA <xex>cab</xex> came clattering up.\'b8



<au>Thackeray.</au>



<note><hand/ A <xex>cab</xex> may have two seats at right to the

driver's seat, and a door behind; or one seat parallel to the

driver's, with the entrance from the side or front.</note>



<cs><col>Hansom cab</col>. <cd>See <er>Hansom</er>.</cd></cs>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The covered part of a locomotive, in which the

engineer has his station.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Cab</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Heb.

<ets>gab</ets>, fr. <ets>q\'bebab</ets> to hollow.]</ety> <def>A

Hebrew dry measure, containing a little over two (2.37)

pints.</def>



<au>W. H. Ward. 2 Kings vi. 25.</au>



<hw>Ca*bal"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>cabale</ets> cabal, cabala LL. <ets>cabala</ets> cabala, fr.

Heb. <ets>qabb\'bel\'c7h</ets> reception, tradition, mysterious

doctrine, fr. <ets>q\'bebal</ets> to take or receive, in Pi\'89l

qibbel to abopt (a doctrine).]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Tradition;

occult doctrine. See <er>Cabala</er></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Hakewill.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A secret.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdThe

measuring of the temple, a <xex>cabal</xex> found out but

lately.\'b8



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A number of persons united in some close design,

usually to promote their private views and interests in church or

state by intrigue; a secret association composed of a few

designing persons; a junto.</def>



<note>It so happend, by a whimsical coincidence, that in 1671 the

cabinet consisted of five persons, the initial letters of whose

names made up the word <xex>cabal<xex>; Clifford, Arlington,

Buckingham, Ashley, and Lauderdale.</note>



<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The secret artifices or machinations of a few

persons united in a close design; in intrigue.</def>



<q>By cursed <qex>cabals</qex> of women.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<cs><col>Syn</col>. <cd>- Junto; intrigue; plot; combination;

conspiracy. -- <er>Cabal</er>, <er>Combination</er>,

<er>Faction</er>. An association for some purpose considered to

be bad is the idea common to these terms. A <xex>combination<xex>

is an organized union of individuals for mutual support, in

urging their demands or resisting the claims of others, and may

be good or bad according to circumstances; as, a

<xex>combiniation<xex> of workmen or of employers to effect or to

prevent a chang in prices. A <xex>cabal<xex> is a secret

association of a few individuals who seek by cunning practices to

obtain office and power. A <xex>faction<xex> is a larger body

than a <xex>cabal<xex>, employed for selfish purposes in

agitating the community and working up an excitement with a view

to change the existing order of things. \'bdSelfishness,

insubordination, and laxity of morals give rise to

<xex>combinations<xex>, which belong particularly to the lower

orders of society. Restless, jealous, ambitious, and little minds

are ever forming <xex>cabals<xex>. <xex>Factions<xex> belong

especially to free governments, and are raised by busy and

turbulent spirits for selfish porposes\'b8.</cd></cs>



<qau>Crabb.</qau>



<hw>Ca*bal"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>int. & p.

p./pos> <er>Caballed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Caballing</er>]</wordforms>. <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>cabaler</ets>.]</ety> <def>To unite in a small party to

promote private views and interests by intrigue; to intrigue; to

plot.</def>



<q><qex>Caballing</qex> still against it with the great.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Cab"a*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL. See

<er>Cabal</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A kind of

occult theosophy or traditional interpretation of the Scriptures

among Jewish rabbis and certain medi\'91val Christians, which

treats of the nature of god and the mystery of human existence.

It assumed that every letter, word, number, and accent of

Scripture contains a hidden sense; and it teaches the methods of

interpretation for ascertaining these occult meanings. The

cabalists pretend even to foretell events by this means.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Secret science in general; mystic art;

mystery.</def>



<hw>Cab"a*lism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>cabalisme</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The secret science of the cabalists.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A superstitious devotion to the mysteries of the

religion which one professes.</def> <mark>[R]</mark>



<au>Emerson.</au>



<hw>Cab"a*list</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.F.

<ets>cabaliste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One versed in the cabala, or

the mysteries of Jewish traditions.</def> \'bdStudious

cabalists.\'b8



<au>Swift.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cab`a*lis"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Cab`a*lis"tic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Of or pertaining to the cabala; containing or conveying an

occult meaning; mystic.</def>



<q>The Heptarchus is a <qex>cabalistic</qex> of the first chapter

of Genesis</q>.

<qau>Hallam.</qau>



<hw>Caba`a*lis"tic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

cabalistic manner.</def>



<hw>Cab"a*lize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf.F.

<ets>cabaliser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To use cabalistic

language.</def> <mark>[R]</mark>



<au>Dr. H. More.</au>



<hw>Ca*bal"ler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

cabals.</def>



<q>A close <qex>caballer</qex> and tongue-valiant lord.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Cab"al*line</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L.<ets>caballinus</ets>, fr. <ets>caballus</ets> a nag. Cf. 

<er>Cavalier</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a horse.</def> 

 -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>Caballine aloes.</def></def2>



<cs><col>Caballine aloes</col>, <cd>an inferior and impure kind

of aloes formerly used in veterinary practice; -- called also

<altname>horse aloes</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Caballine

spring</col>, <cd>the fountain of Hippocrene, on Mount Helicon;

-- fabled to have been formed by a stroke from the foot of the

winged horse Pegasus.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cab"a*ret</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<def>A tavern; a house where liquors are retailed.</def>

<mark>[Obs. as an English word.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Ca*bas"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<def>A flat basket or frail for figs, etc.; Hence, a lady's flat

workbasket, reticule, or hand bag; -- often written

<asp>caba</asp>.</def>



<au>C. Bront\'82.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ca*bas"son</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A speciec of armadillo of the genus

<spn>Xenurus</spn> (<spn>X. unicinctus</spn> and <spn>X.

hispidus</spn>); the tatouay.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>Kabassou</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Cab"bage</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>cabage</ets>, fr. F. <ets>cabus</ets> headed (of cabbages),

chou <ets>cobus</ets> headed cabbage, cabbage head; cf. It.

<ets>capuccio</ets> a little head, <ets>cappuccio</ets> cowl,

hood, cabbage, fr. <ets>capo</ets> head, L. <ets>caput</ets>, or

fr. It. <ets>cappa</ets> cape. See <er>Chiff</er>,

<er>Cape</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An

esculent vegetable of many varieties, derived from the wild

<spn>Brassica oleracea</spn> of Europe. The common cabbage has a

compact head of leaves. The cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, etc.,

are sometimes classed as cabbages.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The terminal bud of certain palm trees, used,

like, cabbage, for food. See <cref>Cabbage tree</cref>,

below.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The cabbage palmetto. See below.</def>



<cs><col>Cabbage aphis</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a green

plant-louse (<spn>Aphis brassic\'91</spn>) which lives upon the

leaves of the cabbage.</cd> -- <col>Cabbage Beetle</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small, striped flea-beetle

(<spn>Phyllotreta vittata</spn>) which lives, in the larval

state, on the roots, and when adult, on the leaves, of cabbage

and other cruciferous plants.</cd> -- <col>Cabbage

butterfly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a white butterfly

(<spn>Pieris rap\'91</spn> of both Europe and America, and the

Allied <spn>P. oleracea</spn>, a native American species) which,

in the larval state, devours the leaves of the cabbage and the

turnip. See <cref>Cabbage worm</cref>, below.</cd> --

<col>Cabbage Fly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small

two-winged fly (<spn>Anthomyia brassic\'91</spn>), which feeds,

in the larval or maggot state, on the roots of the cabbage, often

doing much damage to the crop.</cd> -- <col>Cabbage head</col>,

<cd>the compact head formed by the leaves of a cabbage; --

contemptuously or humorously, and colloquially, a very stupid and

silly person; a numskull.</cd> -- <col>Cabbage palmetto</col>,

<cd>a species of palm tree (<spn>Sabal Palmetto</spn>) found

along the coast from North Carolina to Florida.</cd> --

<col>Cabbage rose</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of rose

(<spn>Rosa centifolia</spn>) having large and heavy

blossoms.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Cabbage tree</col>, <col>Cabbage

palm</col></mcol>, <cd>a name given to palms having a terminal

bud called a <xex>cabbage<xex>, as the <spn>Sabal Palmetto</spn>

of the United States, and the <spn>Euterpe oleracea</spn> and

<spn>Oreodoxa oleracea</spn> of the West Indies.</cd> --

<col>Cabbage worm</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of

several species of moths and butterfies, which attacks cabbages.

The most common is usully the larva of a white butterfly. See

<cref>Cabbage Butterfly</cref>, above. The cabbage cutworms,

which eat off the stalks or young plants during the night, are

the larv\'91 of several species of moths, of the genus

<spn>Agrotis</spn>. See <er>Cutworm</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sea

cabbage</col>.<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Sea kale</cd>

<sd>(b)</sd>. <cd>The original Plant (<spn>Brassica

oleracea</spn>), from which the cabbage, cauliflower, , broccoli,

etc., have been derived by cultivation.</cd> --

<col>Thousand-headed cabbage</col>. <cd>See <er>Brussels

sprouts</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cab"bage</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To form a head like that

the cabbage; <as>as, to make lettuce <ex>cabbage</ex></as>.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Cab"bage</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. &

p.p</pos> <er>Cabbaged</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Cabbaging</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[F.<ets>cabasser</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>cabas</ets> theft; cf.

F. <ets>cabas</ets> basket, and OF. <ets>cabuser</ets> to

cheat.]</ety> <def>To purloin or embezzle, as the pieces of cloth

remaining after cutting out a garment; to pilfer.</def>



<q>Your tailor . . . cabbages whole yards of cloth.</q>

<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>



<hw>Cab"bage</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Cloth or clippings cabbaged

or purloined by one who cuts out garments.</def>



<hw>Cab"bler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who works

at cabbling.</def>



<hw>Cab"bling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Metal)</fld>

<def>The process of breaking up the flat masses into which

wrought iron is first hammered, in order that the pieces may be

reheated and wrought into bar iron.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Ca*be"\'87a</hw>, <hw>\'d8Ca*besse"</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pg.

<ets>cabe\'87a</ets>, F. <ets>cabesse</ets>.]</ety> <def>The

finest kind of silk received from India.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ca"ber</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gael]</ety>

<def>A pole or beam used in Scottish games for tossing as a trial

of strength.</def>



<hw>Cab`e*zon"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.,

properly, big head. Cf. <er>Cavesson</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A California fish (<spn>Hemilepidotus

spinosus</spn>), allied to the sculpin.</def>



<hw>Cab"i*ai</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Native South

American name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The capybara.

See <er>Capybara</er>.</def>



<hw>Cab"in</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>caban</ets>, fr. W. <ets>caban</ets> booth, cabin, dim. of

<ets>cab</ets> cot, tent; or fr. F. <ets>cabane</ets>,

<ets>cabine</ets>, LL. <ets>cabanna</ets>, perh. from the

Celtic.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A cottage or small house; a

hut.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<q>A hunting <qex>cabin</qex> in the west.</q>

<qau>E. Everett.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A small room; an inclosed place.</def>



<q>So long in secret <qex>cabin</qex> there he held

Her captive.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A room in ship for officers or passengers.</def>



<cs><col>Cabin boy</col>, <cd>a boy whose duty is wait on the

officers and passengers in the cabin of a ship.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cab"in</hw> <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Cabined</er> <pr>(-?nd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Cabining</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To live in, or as

in, a cabin; to lodge.</def>



<q>I'll make you . . . <qex>cabin</qex> in a cave.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Cab"in</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To confine in, or as in, a

cabin.</def>



<q>I am <qex>cabined</qex>, cribbed, confined, bound in

To saucy doubts and fears.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Cab"i*net</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., dim. of

<ets>cabine</ets> or <ets>cabane</ets>. See <er>Cabin</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A hut; a cottage; a small

house.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Hearken a while from thy green <qex>cabinet</qex>,

The rural song of careful Colinet.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A small room, or retired apartment; a

closet.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A private room in which consultations are

held.</def>



<q>Philip passed some hours every day in his father's

cabinet.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The advisory council of the chief executive

officer of a nation; a cabinet council.</def>



<note><hand/ In England, the <xex>cabinet</xex> or <xex>cabinet

council</xex> consists of those privy coucilors who actually

transact the immediate business of the government. <au>Mozley &

W.</au> -- In the United States, the <xex>cabinet</xex> is

composed of the heads of the executive departments of the

government, namely, the Secretary of State, of the Treasury, of

War, of the Navy, of the Interior, and of Agiculture, the

Postmaster-general ,and the Attorney-general.</note>



<sn>5.</sn> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A set of drawers or a cupboard

intended to contain articles of value. Hence:</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>A decorative piece of furniture, whether open like an

\'82tag\'8are or closed with doors. See <er>Etagere</er>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Any building or room set apart for the safe

keeping and exhibition of works of art, etc.; also, the

collection itself.</def>



<cs><col>Cabinet council</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Same as

<er>Cabinet</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 4 (of which body it was formerly

the full title).</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A meeting of the

cabinet.</cd> -- <col>Cabinet councilor</col>, <cd>a member of a

cabinet council.</cd> -- <col>Cabinet photograph</col>, <cd>a

photograph of a size smaller than an imperial, though larger than

a <xex>carte de visite<xex>.</cd> -- <col>Cabinet picture</col>,

<cd>a small and generally highly finished picture, suitable for a

small room and for close inspection.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cab"i*net</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Suitable for a cabinet;

small.</def>



<q>He [Varnhagen von Ense] is a walking <qex>cabinet</qex>

edition of Goethe.</q>

<qau>For. Quar. Rev.</qau>



<hw>Cab"i*net</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <pos>Cabineted</pos>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Cabineting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To inclose</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Hewyt.</au>



<hw>Cab"i*net*mak`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

whose occupation is to make cabinets or other choice articles of

household furniture, as tables, bedsteads, bureaus, etc.</def>



<hw>Cab"i*net*mak`ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The art or

occupation of making the finer articles of household

furniture.</def>



<hw>Cab"i*net*work`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The art

or occupation of working upon wooden furniture requiring nice

workmanship; also, such furniture.</def>



<hw>Cab`i*re"an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr><def>,<pos>n.</pos>One of the

Cabiri.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cab*bi"ri</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[

NL., fr. Gr. <ets><grk>Ka`beiroi</grk></ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Myth.)</fld> <def>Certain deities originally worshiped with

mystical rites by the Pelasgians in Lemnos and Samothrace and

afterwards throughout Greece; -- also called sons of Heph\'91stus

(or Vulcan), as being masters of the art of working metals.</def>

<altsp>[Written also Cabeiri.]</altsp>



<au>Liddell & Scott</au>.



<hw>Ca*bir"i*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Cabiric</er>.</def>



<hw>Ca*bir"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>Cabirique</ets>]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the Cabiri,

or to their mystical worship.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>Cabiritic</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Ca"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>C\'83ble</ets>,m LL. <ets>capulum</ets>, <ets>caplum</ets>,

a rope, fr. L. <ets>capere</ets> to take; cf. D., Dan., & G.

<ets>rabel</ets>, from the French. See <er>Capable</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A large, strong rope or chain, of considerable

length, used to retain a vessel at anchor, and for other

purposes. It is made of hemp, of steel wire, or of iron

links.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A rope of steel wire, or copper wire, usually

covered with some protecting, or insulating substance; <as>as,

the <ex>cable</ex> of a suspension bridge; a telegraphic

<ex>cable</ex>.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Arch)</fld> <def>A molding, shaft of a column,

or any other member of convex, rounded section, made to resemble

the spiral twist of a rope; -- called also <altname>cable

molding</altname>.</def>



<cs><col>Bower cable</col>, <cd>the cable belonging to the bower

anchor.</cd> -- <col>Cable road</col>, <cd>a railway on which the

cars are moved by a continuously running endless rope operated by

a stationary motor.</cd> -- <col>Cable's length</col>, <cd>the

length of a ship's cable. Cables in the merchant service vary in

length from 100 to 140 fathoms or more; but as a maritime

measure, a cable's length is either 120 fathoms (720 feet), or

about 100 fathoms (600 feet, an approximation to one tenth of a

nautical mile).</cd> -- <col>Cable tier</col>. <sd>(a)</sd>

<cd>That part of a vessel where the cables are stowed.</cd>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A coil of a cable.</cd> -- <col>Sheet

cable</col>, <cd>the cable belonging to the sheet anchor.</cd> --

<col>Stream cable</col>, <cd>a hawser or rope, smaller than the

bower cables, to moor a ship in a place sheltered from wind and

heavy seas.</cd> -- <col>Submarine cable</col>. <cd>See

<er>Telegraph</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To pay out the

cable</col>, <col>To veer out the cable</col></mcol>, <cd>to

slacken it, that it may run out of the ship; to let more cable

run out of the hawse hole.</cd> -- <col>To serve the cable</col>,

<cd>to bind it round with ropes, canvas, etc., to prevent its

being, worn or galled in the hawse, et.</cd> -- <col>To slip the

cable</col>, <cd>to let go the end on board and let it all run

out and go overboard, as when there is not time to weigh anchor.

Hence, in sailor's use, to die.</cd></cs>



<-- p. 200 -->



<-- p. 200 -->



<hw>Ca"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To fasten with a cable.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>To ornament with cabling. 

See <er>Cabling</er>.</def>



<hw>Ca"ble</hw>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Cabled</er> <pr>(-b'ld)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Cabling</er> <pr>(-bl\'ceng)</pr>.]</wordforms>

<def>To telegraph by a submarine cable</def>

<mark>[Recent]</mark>



<hw>Ca"bled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Fastened with, or attached to, a cable or rope.</def>

\'bdThe <xex>cabled</xex> stone.\'b8



<au>Dyer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Adorned with cabling.</def>



<hw>Ca"ble*gram`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cable</ets>, n. + Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ a writing, a

letter.]</ety> <def>A message sent by a submarine telegraphic

cable.</def> <note>[A recent hybrid, sometimes found in the

newspapers.]</note>



<hw>Ca"ble*laid`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Composed of three three-stranded ropes,

or hawsers, twisted together to form a cable.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Twisted after the manner of a cable; <as>as, a

<ex>cable-laid</ex> gold chain</as>.</def>



<au>Simmonds.</au>



<hw>Ca"blet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Dim. of

<ets>cable</ets>; cf. F. <ets>c\'83blot</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

little cable less than ten inches in circumference.</def>



<hw>Ca"bling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>

<def>The decoration of a fluted shaft of a column or of a

pilaster with reeds, or rounded moldings, which seem to be laid

in the hollows of the fluting. These are limited in length to

about one third of the height of the shaft.</def>



<hw>Cab"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Cabmen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>The driver of a

cab.</def>



<hw>Ca*bob"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Hindi

<ets>kab\'beb</ets>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A small piece of

mutton or other meat roasted on a skewer; -- so called in Turkey

and Persia.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A leg of mutton roasted, stuffed with white

herrings and sweet herbs.</def>



<au>Wright.</au>



<hw>Ca*bob"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To roast, as a

cabob.</def>



<au>Sir. T. Herbert.</au>



<hw>Ca*boched"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>caboche</ets> head. Cf. lst <er>Cabbage</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Her.)</fld> <def> Showing the full face, but nothing of the

neck; -- said of the head of a beast in armorial bearing.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>caboshed</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Ca*boo"dle</hw> <pr>(?)</fld></pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

whole collection; the entire quantity or number; -- usually in

the phrase <xex>the whole caboodle</xex>.</def> <mark>[Slang,

U.S.]</mark>



<au>Bartlett.</au>



<hw>Ca*boose"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. D.

<ets>kabuis</ets>, <ets>kombuis</ets>, Dan. <ets>kabys</ets>, Sw.

<ets>kabysa</ets>, G. <ets>kabuse</ets> a little room or hut. The

First part of the word seems to be allied to W. <ets>cab</ets>

cabin, booth. Cf. <er>Cabin</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>camboose</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<def>A house on deck, where the cooking is done; -- commonly

called the <altname>galley</altname>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Railroad)</fld> <def>A car used on freight or

construction trains for brakemen, workmen, etc.; a tool

car.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>



<hw>Cab"o*tage</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>cabotage</ets>, fr. <ets>caboter</ets> to sail along the

coast; cf. Sp. <ets>cabo</ets> cape.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<def>Navigation along the coast; the details of coast

pilotage.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ca*br\'82e"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[French

Canadian.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The pronghorn

antelope.</def> <altsp>[Also written <asp>cabrit</asp>,

<asp>cabret</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Ca*brer"ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An apple-green mineral, a hydrous

arseniate of nickel, cobalt, and magnesia; -- so named from the

Sierra <ets>Cabrera</ets>, Spain.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ca*bril"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.,

prawn.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>A name applied to various

species of edible fishes of the genus <spn>Serranus</spn>, and

related genera, inhabiting the Meditarranean, the coast of

California, etc.  In California, some of them are also called

<stype>rock bass</stype> and <stype>kelp salmon</stype>.</def>



<hw>Cab"ri*ole</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See

<er>Cabriolet</er>, and cf. <er>Capriole</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Man.)</fld> <def>A curvet; a leap. See

<er>Capriole</er>.</def>



<q>The <qex>cabrioles</qex> which his charger exhibited.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<hw>Cab`ri*o*let"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[F., dim.

of <ets>cabriole</ets> a leap, caper, from It.

<ets>capriola</ets>, fr. dim. of L. <ets>caper</ets> he-goat,

<ets>capra</ets> she-goat. This carriage is so called from its

skipping lightness. Cf. <er>Cab</er>, <er>Caper</er> a

leap.]</ety> <def>A one-horse carriage with two seats and a

calash top.</def>



<hw>Ca*brit"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Cabr\'82e</er>.</def>



<hw>Cab"urn</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Cable</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A

small line made of spun yarn, to bind or worm cables, seize

tackles, etc.</def>



<mhw>{<hw>\'d8Ca*c\'91"mi*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>\'d8Ca*ch\'91"mi*a</hw>}</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.

Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ bad+ <?/<?/<?/<?/ blood.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A degenerated or poisoned condition of the

blood.</def>



<hw>Ca*ca"ine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>The essential principle of cacao; -- now called

<altname>theobromine</altname>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ca*ca*j\'eeo"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Pg.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>A South American

short-tailed monkey (<spn>Pithecia (<or/ Brachyurus)

melanocephala)</spn>.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>cacajo</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Ca*ca"o</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp., fr. Mex.

<ets>kakahuatl</ets>. Cf. <er>Cocoa</er>,

<er>Chocolate</er>]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small

evergreen tree (<spn>Theobroma Cacao</spn>) of South America and

the West Indies. Its fruit contains an edible pulp, inclosing

seeds about the size of an almond, from which cocoa, chocolate,

and broma are prepared.</def>



<hw>Cach"a*lot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>cachalot</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The sperm

whale (<spn>Physeter macrocephalus</spn>).  It has in the top of

its head a large cavity, containing an oily fluid, which, after

death, concretes into a whitish crystalline substance called

<xex>spermaceti</xex>. See <er>Sperm whale</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cache</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., a hiding

place, fr. <ets>cacher</ets> to conceal, to hide.]</ety> <def>A

hole in the ground, or hiding place, for concealing and

preserving provisions which it is inconvenient to carry.</def>



<au>Kane.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ca*chec"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Ca*chec"tic*al</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cachecticus</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/: cf. F.

<ets>cachectique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having, or pertaining to,

cachexia; <as>as, <ex>cachectic</ex> remedies;

<ex>cachectical</ex> blood.</as></def>



<au>Arbuthnot.</au>



<hw>\'d8Cache`pot"</hw> <pr>(k<adot/sh`p<osl/")</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>cacher</ets> to hide +

<ets>pot</ets> a pot.]</ety> <def>An ornamental casing for a

flowerpot, of porcelain, metal, paper, etc.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cach"et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. fr.

<ets>cacher</ets> to hide.]</ety> <def>A seal, as of a

letter.</def>



<cs><col>Lettre de cachet</col> <ety>[F.]</ety>, <cd>a sealed

letter, especially a letter or missive emanating from the

sovereign; -- much used in France before the Revolution as an

arbitrary order of imprisonment.</cd></cs>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Ca*chex"i*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Ca*chex"y</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>cachexia</ets>,

Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/; <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ bad + <?/<?/<?/<?/

condition.]</ety> <def>A condition of ill health and impairment

of nutrition due to impoverishment of the blood, esp. when caused

by a specific morbid process (as cancer or tubercle).</def>



<hw>Cach`in*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cachinnatio</ets>, fr. <ets>cachinnare</ets> to laugh aloud,

cf Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/.]</ety> <def>Loud or immoderate

laughter; -- often a symptom of hysterical or maniacal

affections.</def>



<q>Hideous grimaces . . . attended this unusual

<qex>cachinnation</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<hw>Ca*chin"na*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Consisting of, or accompanied by, immoderate laughter.</def>



<q><qex>Cachinnatory</qex> buzzes of approval.</q>

<qau>Carlyle.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Ca*chi"ri</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

fermented liquor made in Cayenne from the grated root of the

manioc, and resembling perry.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>Cach"o*long</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n</pos>, <ety>[F.

<ets>cacholong</ets>, said to be from <ets>Cach</ets>, the name

of a river in Bucharia + <ets>cholon</ets>, a Calmuck word for

<ets>stone</ets>; or fr. a Calmuck word meaning \'bdbeautiful

stone\'b8]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An opaque or milk-white

chalcedony, a variety of quartz; also, a similar variety of

opal.</def>



<hw>Ca`chou"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See

<ets>Cashoo</ets>.]</ety> <def>A silvered aromatic pill, used to

correct the odor of the breath.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ca*chu"cha</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>An Andalusian dance in three-four time,

resembing the bolero.</def> <altsp>[Sometimes in English spelled

<asp>cachuca</asp> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.]</altsp>



<q>The orchestra plays the <qex>cachucha</qex>.</q>

<qau>Logfellow.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Ca*chun"de</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Sp.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A pastil or troche,

composed of various aromatic and other ingredients, highly

celebrated in India as an antidote, and as a stomachic and

antispasmodic.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ca*cique"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>See Cazique.</def>



<hw>Cack</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>cakken</ets>, fr. L. <ets>cacare</ets>; akin to Gr.

<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/, and to OIr. Cacc dung; cf. AS.

<ets>cac</ets>.]</ety> <def>To ease the body by stool; to go to

stool.</def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>Cack"er*el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>caquerel cagarel</ets> (<ets>Cotgr</ets>.), from the root of

E. <ets>cack</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The

mendole; a small worthless Mediterranean fish considered

poisonous by the ancients. See <er>Mendole</er>.</def>



<hw>Cac"kle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Cackled</er>

<pr>(-k'ld)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Cackling</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>cakelen</ets>; cf. LG.

<ets>kakeln</ets>, D. <ets>kakelen</ets>, G. <ets>gackeln</ets>,

<ets>gackern</ets>; all of imitative origin. Cf. <er>Gagle</er>,

<er>Cake</er> to cackle.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make a sharp,

broken noise or cry, as a hen or goose does.</def>



<q>When every goose is <qex>cackling</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To laugh with a broken noise, like the cackling

of a hen or a goose; to giggle.</def>



<au>Arbuthnot.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To talk in a silly manner; to prattle.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Cac"kle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

sharp broken noise made by a goose or by a hen that has laid an

egg.</def>



<q>By her <qex>cackle</qex> saved the state.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Idle talk; silly prattle.</def>



<q>There is a buzz and <qex>cackle</qex> all around regarding the

sermon.</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



<hw>Cac"kler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

fowl that cackles.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who prattles, or tells tales; a

tattler.</def>



<hw>Cac"kling</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The broken noise of a

goose or a hen.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Cac`o*chym"i*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Cac"o*chym`y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL. <ets>cacochymia</ets>, fr. Gr.

<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/; <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ bad +

<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ juice: cf. F. <ets>cacochymie</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A vitiated state of the humors, or fluids,

of the body, especially of the blood.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cac`o*chym"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Cac`o*chym"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Having the fluids of the body vitiated, especially the

blood.</def>



<au>Wiseman.</au>



<hw>Cac`o*de"mon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/; <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ bad +

<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ demon: cf. F. <ets>cacod\'82mon</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>An evil spirit; a devil or demon.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The nightmare.</def>



<au>Dunaglison.</au>



<hw>Cac`o*dox"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Heretical.</def>



<hw>Cac"o*dox`y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ perverted opinion; <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/

bad + <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ opinion.]</ety> <def>Erroneous doctrine;

heresy; heterodoxy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Heterodoxy, or what Luther calls <qex>cacodoxy</qex>.</q>

<qau>R. Turnbull.</qau>



<hw>Cac"o*dyl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ ill-smelling (<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ bad +

<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ to smell) + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Alkarsin; a colorless, poisonous,

arsenical liquid, <chform>As2(CH3)4</chform>, spontaneously

inflammable and possessing an intensely disagreeable odor. It is

the type of a series of compounds analogous to the nitrogen

compounds called hydrazines.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>cacodyle</asp>, and <asp>kakodyl</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Cac`o*dyl"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or derived from,

cacodyl.</def>



<cs><col>Cacodylic acid</col>, <cd>a white, crystalline,

deliquescent substance, <chform>(CH3)2AsO.OH</chform>, obtained

by the oxidation of cacodyl, and having the properties of an

exceedingly stable acid; -- also called

<altname>alkargen</altname>.</cd></cs>

<-- # error in original formula corrected! -->



<hw>\'d8Cac`o*\'89"thes</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ of ill habits, <?/<?/

<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ an ill habit; <?/  bad + <?/

habit]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A bad custom or habit; an

insatiable desire; <as>as, <ex>caco\'89thes scribendi</ex>,

\'bdThe itch for writing\'b8</as>.</def>



<au>Addison.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A bad quality or disposition

in a disease; an incurable ulcer.</def>



<hw>Cac`o*gas"tric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ bad + <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ stomach.]</ety>

<def>Troubled with bad digestion.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Carlyle.</au>



<hw>Cac`o*graph`ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to, or characterized by, cacography; badly

written or spelled.</def>



<hw>Ca*cog`ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ bad + <ets>-graphy</ets>; cf. F.

<ets>cacographie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Incorrect or bad writing or

spelling.</def>



<au>Walpole.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ca`co*let"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A chair, litter, or other contrivance fitted

to the back or pack saddle of a mule for carrying travelers in

mountainous districts, or for the transportation of the sick and

wounded of an army.</def>



<hw>Ca*col"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/<?/<?/<?/ bad + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>cacologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bad speaking; bad choice or use

of words.</def>



<au>Buchanan.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Ca`co*mix"le</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Ca`co*mix"tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Ca"co*mix`l</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Mexican name.]</ety>

<def>A North American carnivore (<spn>Bassaris astuta</spn>),

about the size of a cat, related to the raccoons. It inhabits

Mexico, Texas, and California.</def>



<hw>Ca*coon"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One of the

seeds or large beans of a tropical vine (<spn>Entada

scandens</spn>) used for making purses, scent bottles, etc.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cac`o*phon"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Cac`o*phon"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Ca*coph"o*nous</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Cac`o*pho"ni*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>,

<pos>a.</pos> <def>Harsh-sounding.</def>



<hw>Ca*coph"o*ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Cacophonies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[Gr.

<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/; <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ bad + <?/<?/<?/<?/

sound: cf. F. <ets>Cacophonie</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>An uncouth or disagreable sound of words,

owing to the concurrence of harsh letters or syllables.</def>

\'bd<xex>Cacophonies</xex> of all kinds.\'b8



<au>Pope.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A combination of discordant

sounds.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An unhealthy state of the

voice.</def>



<hw>Cac"o*tech`ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/;

<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ bad + <?/ art.]</ety> <def>A corruption or

corrupt state of art.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ca*cox"ene</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Ca*cox"e*nite</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ bad

+ <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ guest.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A hydrous

phosphate of iron occurring in yellow radiated tufts. The

phosphorus seriously injures it as an iron ore.</def>



<hw>Cac*ta"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Belonging to, or like, the family of

plants of which the prickly pear is a common example.</def>



<hw>Cac"tus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> ; <plu>pl. E.

<plw>Cactuses</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <plw>Cacti</plw>

<pr>(-t\'c6)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L., a kind of cactus, Gr.

<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any plant of

the order <spn>Cactac\'91</spn>, as the prickly pear and the

night-blooming cereus. See <er>Cereus</er>. They usually have

leafless stems and branches, often beset with clustered thorns,

and are mostly natives of the warmer parts of America.</def>



<cs><col>Cactus wren</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an American

wren of the genus <spn>Campylorhynchus</spn>, of several

species.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ca*cu"mi*nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cacumen</ets>, <ets>cacuminis</ets>, the top, point.]</ety>

<fld>(Philol.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the top of the palate;

cerebral; -- applied to certain consonants; <as>as,

<ex>cacuminal</ex> (or cerebral) letters</as>.</def>



<hw>Ca*cu"mi*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cacuminatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>cacuminare</ets> to point,

fr. <ets>cacumen</ets> point.]</ety> <def>To make sharp or

pointed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Cad</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Abbrev. fr.

<ets>cadet</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A person who stands at

the door of an omnibus to open and shut it, and to receive fares;

an idle hanger-on about innyards.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<au>Dickens.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A lowbred, presuming person; a mean, vulgar

fellow.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>



<au>Thackeray.</au>



<hw>Ca*das"tral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<def>Of or pertaining to landed property.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Cadastral survey</col>, <or/ <col>Cadastral

map</col></mcol>, <cd>a survey, map, or plan on a large scale

(Usually <feac1x2500/ of the linear measure of the ground, or

twenty-five inches to the mile or about an inch to the acre) so

as to represent the relative positions and dimensions of objects

and estates exactly; -- distinguished from a

<xex>topographical<xex> map, which exaggerates the dimensions of

houses and the breadth of roads and streams, for the sake of

distinctness.</cd></cs>



<au>Brande & C.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Ca*das"tre</hw>, <hw>Ca*das"ter</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[f. <ets>cadastre</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Law.)</fld> <def>An official statement of the quantity and

value of real estate for the purpose of apportioning the taxes

payable on such property.</def>



<-- p. 201 -->



<hw>\'d8Ca*da"ver</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr

<ets>cadere</ets> to fall.]</ety> <def>A dead human body; a

corpse.</def>



<hw>Ca*dav"er*ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of,

pertaining to, or resembling, a corpse, or the changes produced

by death; cadaverous; <as>as, <ex>cadaveric</ex>

rigidity</as>.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<cs><col>Cadaveric alkaloid</col>, <cd>an alkaloid generated by

the processes of decomposition in dead animal bodies, and thought

by some to be the cause of the poisonous effects produced by the

bodies. See <er>Ptomaine</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ca*dav"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cadaverosus</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Having the appearance or color of a dead human

body; pale; ghastly; <as>as, a <ex>cadaverous</ex>

look</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to, or having the qualities of,

a dead body.</def> \'bdThe scent <xex>cadaverous</xex>.\'b8



-- <wordforms><wf>Ca*dav"er*ous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Ca*dav"er*ous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Cad"bait`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prov. E.

<ets>codbait</ets>, <ets>cadbote</ets> fly.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Caddice</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cad"dice</hw>, <hw>Cad"dis</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prov. E. <ets>caddy</ets>, <ets>cadew</ets>;

<ets>cf</ets>. <ets>G</ets>. <ets>k\'94der</ets> bait.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The larva of a caddice fly. These

larv\'91 generally live in cylindrical cases, open at each end,

and covered externally with pieces of broken shells, gravel, bits

of wood, etc.  They are a favorite bait with anglers. Called also

<altname>caddice worm</altname>, or <altname>caddis

worm</altname>.</def>



<cs><col>Caddice fly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a species

of trichopterous insect, whose larva is the caddice.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cad"dis</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>caddas</ets>,

Scot. <ets>caddis</ets> lint, <ets>caddes</ets> a kind of woolen

cloth, cf. Gael. <ets>cada</ets>, <ets>cadadh</ets>, a kind of

cloth, cotton, fustian, W. <ets>cadas</ets>, F.

<ets>cadis</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of worsted lace or

ribbon.</def> \'bd<xex>Caddises</xex>, cambrics, lawns.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Cad"dish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a cad;

lowbred and presuming.</def>



<hw>Cad"dow</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. 

<ets>cadawe</ets>, prob. fr. <ets>ca</ets> chough +

<ets>daw</ets> jackdaw; cf. Gael. <ets>cadhag</ets>,

<ets>cathag</ets>. Cf. <er>Chough</er>, <er>Daw</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A jackdaw.</def>

<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Cad"dy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Caddies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[Earlier spelt

<ets>catty</ets>, fr. Malay <ets>kat\'c6</ets> a weight of 1\'a7

pounds. Cf. <er>Catty</er>.]</ety> <def>A small box, can, or

chest to keep tea in.</def>



<hw>Cade</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OE.

<ets>cad</ets>, <ets>kod</ets>, lamb, also <er>Cosset</er>,

<er>Coddle</er>.]</ety> <def>Bred by hand; domesticated;

petted.</def>



<q>He brought his <qex>cade</qex> lamb with him.</q>

<qau>Sheldon.</qau>



<hw>Cade</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To bring up or nourish by

hand, or with tenderness; to coddle; to tame.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Cade</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>cadus</ets> jar, Gr.

<?/.]</ety> <def>A barrel or cask, as of fish.</def> \'bdA

<xex>cade</xex> of herrings.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>A <qex>cade</qex> of herrings is 500, of sprats 1,000.</q>

<qau>Jacob, Law Dict.</qau>



<hw>Cade</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. & Pr.; LL.

<ets>cada</ets>.]</ety> <def>A species of juniper (<spn>Juniperus

Oxycedrus</spn>) of Mediterranean countries.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Oil of cade</col>, <col>a thick</col></mcol>,

<cd>black, tarry liquid, obtained by destructive distillation of

the inner wood of the cade. It is used as a local application in

skin diseases.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ca"dence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>cadence</ets>, <ets>cadens</ets>, LL. <ets>cadentia</ets> a

falling, fr. L. <ets>cadere</ets> to fall; cf. F.

<ets>cadence</ets>, It. <ets>cadenza</ets>. See

<er>Chance</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or state of declining or sinking.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Now was the sun in western <qex>cadence</qex> low.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A fall of the voice in reading or speaking,

especially at the end of a sentence.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A rhythmical modulation of the voice or of any

sound; <as>as, music of bells in <ex>cadence</ex>

sweet</as>.</def>



<q>Blustering winds, which all night long

Had roused the sea, now with hoarse <qex>cadence</qex> lull

Seafaring men o'erwatched.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>The accents . . . were in passion's tenderest

<qex>cadence</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Rhythmical flow of language, in prose or

verse.</def>



<q>Golden <qex>cadence</qex> of poesy.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>If in any composition much attention was paid to the flow of

the rhythm, it was said (at least in the 14th and 15th centuries)

to be \'bdprosed in faire <qex>cadence</qex>.\'b8</q>

<qau>Dr. Guest.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>See <er>Cadency</er>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Man.)</fld> <def>Harmony and proportion in

motions, as of a well-managed horse.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A uniform time and place in

marching.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The close or fall

of a strain; the point of rest, commonly reached by the immediate

succession of the tonic to the dominant chord.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>A <xex>cadenza</xex>, or closing embellishment; a pause

before the end of a strain, which the performer may fill with a

flight of fancy.</def>



<cs><col>Imperfect cadence</col>. <cd><fld>(Mus.)</fld> See under

<er>Imperfect</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ca"dence</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To regulate by musical

measure.</def>



<q>These parting numbers, <qex>cadenced</qex> by my grief.</q>

<qau>Philips.</qau>



<hw>Ca"den*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Descent of

related families; distinction between the members of a family

according to their ages.</def>



<cs><col>Marks of cadency</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>bearings

indicating the position of the bearer as older or younger son, or

as a descendant of an older or younger son. See

<er>Difference</er> <fld>(Her.)</fld>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ca*dene"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>cad\'8ane</ets>.]</ety> <def>A species of inferior carpet

imported from the Levant.</def>



<au>McElrath.</au>



<hw>Ca"dent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cadens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>cadere</ets>

to fall.]</ety> <def>Falling.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

\'bd<xex>Cadent</xex> tears.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Ca*den"za</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.]</ety>

<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A parenthetic flourish or flight of

ornament in the course of a piece, commonly just before the final

cadence.</def>



<hw>Ca"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Cadre</er>.</def>



<hw>Ca*det"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>cadet</ets> a younger or the youngest son or brother, dim.

fr. L. <ets>caput</ets> head; <ets>i</ets>. <ets>e</ets>., a

smaller head of the family, after the first or eldest. See

<er>Chief</er>, and cf. <er>Cad</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The younger of two brothers; a younger brother

or son; the youngest son.</def>



<q>The <qex>cadet</qex> of an ancient and noble family.</q>

<qau>Wood.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A gentleman who

carries arms in a regiment, as a volunteer, with a view of

acquiring military skill and obtaining a commission.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A young man in training for military or naval

service; esp. a pupil in a military or naval school, as at West

Point, Annapolis, or Woolwich.</def>



<note><hand/ All the undergraduates at Annapolis are <xex>Naval

cadets</xex>. The distinction between <xex>Cadet midshipmen</xex>

and <xex>Cadet engineers</xex> was abolished by Act of Congress

in 1882.</note>



<hw>Ca*det"ship</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

position, rank, or commission of a cadet; <as>as, to get a

<ex>cadetship</ex></as>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ca*dew"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Cade"worm`</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>A caddice. See

<er>Caddice</er>.</def>



<hw>Cadge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Cadged</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Cadging</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[Cf. Scot. <ets>cache</ets>, <ets>caich</ets>,

<ets>cadge</ets>, to toss, drive, OE. <ets>cachen</ets> to drive,

catch, <ets>caggen</ets> to bind, or perh. E. <ets>cage</ets>.

Cf. <er>Cadger</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To carry, as a burden.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. &

Scot.]</mark>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To hawk or peddle, as fish, poultry, etc.</def>

<mark>[Prov.]</mark>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To intrude or live on another meanly; to

beg.</def> <mark>[Prov. or Slang, Eng.]</mark>



<au>Wright.</au>



<hw>Cadge</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. 2d

<er>Cadger</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Hawking)</fld> <def>A circular

frame on which cadgers carry hawks for sale.</def>



<hw>Cadg"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Cadge</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, cf. <er>Codger</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A packman or itinerant huckster.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who gets his living by trickery or

begging.</def> <mark>[Prov. or Slang]</mark> \'bdThe gentleman

<xex>cadger</xex>.\'b8



<au>Dickens.</au>



<hw>Cadg"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>cagier</ets> one

who catches hawks. Cf. <er>Cage</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Hawking)</fld>

<def>One who carries hawks on a cadge.</def>



<hw>Cadg"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Cheerful or

mirthful, as after good eating or drinking; also, wanton.</def>

<mark>[Scot. & Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Ca"di</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Turk. See

<er>Alcalde</er>.]</ety> <def>An inferior magistrate or judge

among the Mohammedans, usually the judge of a town or

village.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cad"ie</hw>, <hw>Cad"die</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw>

<pos>n.</pos> <def>A Scotch errand boy, porter, or

messenger.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>cady</asp>.]</altsp>



<q>Every Scotchman, from the peer to the <qex>cadie</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Ca`di*les"ker</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar.

<ets>q\'be\'c8\'c6</ets> judge + <ets>al'sker</ets> the army,

Per. <ets>leshker</ets>.]</ety> <def>A chief judge in the Turkish

empire, so named originally because his jurisdiction extended to

the cases of soldiers, who are now tried only by their own

officers.</def>



<hw>Ca*dil"lac</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. from

<ets>Cadillac</ets>, a French town.]</ety> <def>A large pear,

shaped like a flattened top, used chiefly for cooking.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<-- 2.  metaphor for the best -->



<hw>Cad"is</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<def>A kind of coarse serge.</def>



<hw>Cad*me"an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Cadmeus</ets>, Gr. <?/, from <?/ (L. <ets>Cadmus</ets>),

which name perhaps means lit. a man from the East; cf. Heb.

<ets>qedem</ets> east.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Cadmus, a

fabulous prince of Thebes, who was said to have introduced into

Greece the sixteen simple letters of the alphabet -- <?/, <?/,

<?/, <?/, <?/, <?/, <?/, <?/, <?/, <?/, <?/, <?/, <?/, <?/, <?/.

These are called <xex>Cadmean</xex> letters.</def>



<cs><col>Cadmean victory</col>, <cd>a victory that damages the

victors as much as the vanquished; probably referring to the

battle in which the soldiers who sprang from the dragon's teeth

sown by Cadmus slew each other\'3c-- Pyhrric victory?

--\'3e.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cad"mi*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cadmia</ets> calamine, Gr. <?/. Cf.

<er>Calamine</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An oxide of zinc

which collects on the sides of furnaces where zinc is sublimed.

Formerly applied to the mineral <xex>calamine</xex>.</def>



<hw>Cad"mi*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[R.]</wordforms> <def>See <er>Cadmean</er>.</def>



<hw>Cad"mic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, cadmium; <as>as,

<ex>cadmic</ex> sulphide</as>.</def>



<hw>Cad"mi*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL. See

<er>Cadmia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A comparatively

rare element related to zinc, and occurring in some zinc ores. It

is a white metal, both ductile and malleable. Symbol Cd. Atomic

weight 111.8. It was discovered by Stromeyer in 1817, who named

it from its association with zinc or zinc ore.</def>



<cs><col>Cadmium yellow</col>, <cd>a compound of cadmium and

sulphur, of an intense yellow color, used as a pigment.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cad"rans</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>cadran</ets>. Cf. <er>Quadrant</er>.]</ety> <def>An

instrument with a graduated disk by means of which the angles of

gems are measured in the process of cutting and polishing.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ca"dre</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>cadre</ets>, It. <ets>quadro</ets> square, from L.

<ets>quadrum</ets>, fr. <ets>quatuor</ets> four.]</ety>

<fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The framework or skeleton upon which a

regiment is to be formed; the officers of a regiment forming the

staff.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>cader</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Ca*du"ca*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Caducous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Relating to

escheat, forfeiture, or confiscation.</def>



<hw>Ca*du"ce*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

belonging to Mercury's caduceus, or wand.</def>



<hw>Ca*du"ce*us</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>caduceum</ets>, <ets>caduceus</ets>; akin to Gr. <?/ a

herald's wand, fr. <?/ herald.]</ety> <fld>(Myth.)</fld> <def>The

official staff or wand of Hermes or Mercury, the messenger of the

gods. It was originally said to be a herald's staff of olive

wood, but was afterwards fabled to have two serpents coiled about

it, and two wings at the top.</def>



<hw>Ca*du`ci*bran"chi*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>caducus</ets> falling (fr. <ets>cadere</ets> to

fall) + E. <ets>branchiate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>With temporary gills: -- applied to those Amphibia in which

the gills do not remain in adult life.</def>



<hw>Ca*du"ci*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>caducitas</ets>: cf.  F. <ets>caducit\'82</ets>. See

<er>Caducous</er>.]</ety> <def>Tendency to fall; the feebleness

of old age; senility.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>[A] jumble of youth and <qex>caducity</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chesterfield.</qau>



<hw>Ca*du"cous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <ety>[L. <ets>caducus</ets>

falling, inclined to fall, fr. <ets>cadere</ets> to fall. See

<er>Cadence</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>Dropping off or disappearing early, as the calyx of a poppy,

or the gills of a tadpole.</def>



<hw>Ca*duke"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>caduc</ets>. See <er>Caducous</er>.]</ety> <def>Perishable;

frail; transitory.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Hickes.</au>



<q>The <qex>caduke</qex> pleasures of his world.</q>

<qau>Bp. Fisher.</qau>



<hw>Cad"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Cadie</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8C\'91"ca</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>See

<er>C\'91cum</er>.</def>



<hw>C\'91"cal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the c\'91cum, or blind

gut.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having the form of a c\'91cum, or bag with one

opening; baglike; <as>as, the <ex>c\'91cal</ex> extremity of a

duct</as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8C\'91"ci*as</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>caecias</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A wind from the

northeast.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>C\'91*cil"i*an</hw> <pr>(?; 106)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>caecus</ets> blind. So named from the supposed blindness of

the species, the eyes being very minute.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A limbless amphibian belonging to the

order <spn>C\'91cili\'91</spn> or <spn>Ophimorpha</spn>. See

<er>Ophiomorpha</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>c\'d2cilian</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>\'d8C\'91"cum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>C\'91cums</plw>, L. <plw>C\'91ca</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu>

<ety>[L. <ets>caecus</ets> blind, invisible, concealed.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A cavity open at one end, as

the blind end of a canal or duct.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The

blind part of the large intestine beyond the entrance of the

small intestine; -- called also the <altname>blind

gut</altname>.</def>



<note><hand/ The <xex>c\'91cum</xex> is comparatively small in

man, and ends in a slender portion, the <xex>vermiform

appendix</xex>; but in herbivorous mammals it is often as large

as the rest of the large intestine. In fishes there are often

numerous intestinal c\'91ca.</note>



<hw>C\'91`no*zo"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>See <er>Cenozoic</er>.</def>



<hw>Ca"en stone"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def>A cream-colored

limestone for building, found near Caen, France.</def>



<hw>C\'91"sar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.]</ety>

<def>A Roman emperor, as being the successor of Augustus

C\'91sar. Hence, a kaiser, or emperor of Germany, or any emperor

or powerful ruler. See <er>Kaiser</er>, <er>Kesar</er>.</def>



<q>Malborough anticipated the day when he would be servilely

flattered and courted by <qex>C\'91sar</qex> on one side and by

Louis the Great on the other.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>C\'91*sa"re*an</hw>, <hw>C\'91*sa"ri*an</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Caesareus</ets>, <ets>Caesarianus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or

pertaining to C\'91sar or the C\'91sars; imperial.</def>



<cs><col>C\'91sarean section</col> <fld>(Surg.)</fld>, <cd>the

operation of taking a child from the womb by cutting through the

walls of the abdomen and uterus; -- so called because Julius

C\'91sar is reported to have been brought into the world by such

an operation.</cd></cs>



<hw>C\'91"sar*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>C\'82sarisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>A system of government in

which unrestricted power is exercised by a single person, to

whom, as C\'91sar or emperor, it has been committed by the

popular will; imperialism; also, advocacy or support of such a

system of government.</def>



<note><hand/ This word came into prominence in the time of

Napoleon III., as an expression of the claims and political views

of that emperor, and of the politicians of his court.</note>



<hw>C\'91"si*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>caesius</ets> bluish gray.]</ety> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld>

<def>Of the color of lavender; pale blue with a slight mixture of

gray.</def>



<au>Lindley.</au>



<hw>C\'91"si*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., from

L. <ets>caesius</ets> bluish gray.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>A rare alkaline metal found in mineral water; -- so called

from the two characteristic blue lines in its spectrum. It was

the first element discovered by spectrum analysis, and is the

most strongly basic and electro-positive substance known. Symbol

Cs. Atomic weight 132.6.</def>



<hw>C\'91s"pi*tose`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Cespitose</er>.</def>



<hw>C\'91*su"ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.

<plw>C\'91suras</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, L. <plw>C\'91sur\'91</plw>

<pr>(<?/)</pr></plu> <ety>[L. <ets>caesura</ets> a cutting off, a

division, stop, fr. <ets>caedere</ets>, <ets>caesum</ets>, to cut

off. See <er>Concise</er>.]</ety> <def>A metrical break in a

verse, occurring in the middle of a foot and commonly near the

middle of the verse; a sense pause in the middle of a foot. Also,

a long syllable on which the c\'91sural accent rests, or which is

used as a foot.</def>



<note><hand/ In the following line the <xex>c\'91sura</xex> is

between <xex>study</xex> and <xex>of</xex>.</note>



<q>The prop | er stud |  y || of | mankind | is man.</q>



<hw>C\'91*su"ral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to a c\'91sura.</def>



<cs><col>C\'91sural pause</col>, <cd>a pause made at a

c\'91sura.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Ca`f\'82"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See

<er>Coffee</er>.]</ety> <def>A coffeehouse; a restaurant; also, a

room in a hotel or restaurant where coffee and liquors are

served.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Caf"e*net</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Caf"e*neh</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Turk. <ets>qahveh

kh\'beneh</ets> coffeehouse.]</ety> <def>A humble inn or house of

rest for travelers, where coffee is sold.</def>

<mark>[Turkey]</mark>



<hw>Caf*fe"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Coffee</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or

obtained from, coffee.</def>



<cs><col>Caffeic acid</col>, <cd>an acid obtained from coffee

tannin, as a yellow crystalline substance,

<chform>C9H8O4</chform>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Caf*fe"ine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>caf\'82ine</ets>. See <er>Coffee</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white, bitter, crystallizable

substance, obtained from coffee. It is identical with the

alkaloid <altname>theine</altname> from tea leaves, and with

<altname>guaranine</altname> from guarana.</def>



<hw>Caf`fe*tan"nic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Caffe</ets>ic + <ets>tannic</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, the

tannin of coffee.</def>



<cs><col>Caffetannic acid</col>, <cd>a variety of tannin obtained

from coffee berries, regarded as a glucoside.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Caf"fi*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Ar.]</ety> <def>See <er>Cafila</er>.</def>



<hw>Caf"fre</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Kaffir</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Ca"fi*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>\'d8Ca"fi*leh</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar.]</ety> <def>A

caravan of travelers; a military supply train or government

caravan; a string of pack horses.</def>



<hw>Caf"tan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Turk.

<ets>qaft\'ben</ets>: cf. F. <ets>cafetan</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

garment worn throughout the Levant, consisting of a long gown

with sleeves reaching below the hands. It is generally fastened

by a belt or sash.</def>



<hw>Caf"tan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To clothe

with a caftan.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>The turbaned and <qex>caftaned</qex> damsel.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<hw>Cag</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Keg</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Cage</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>cage</ets>, fr. L. <ets>cavea</ets> cavity, cage, fr.

<ets>cavus</ets> hollow. Cf. <er>Cave</er>, <pos>n.</pos>,

<er>Cajole</er>, <er>Gabion</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A box or inclosure, wholly or partly of

openwork, in wood or metal, used for confining birds or other

animals.</def>



<q>In his <qex>cage</qex>, like parrot fine and gay.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<-- p. 202 -->



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A place of confinement for malefactors</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>Stone walls do not a prison make,

Nor iron bars <qex>a cage</qex>.</q>

<qau>Lovelace.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>An outer framework of timber,

inclosing something within it; as the <xex>cage</xex> of a

staircase.</def>



<au>Gwilt.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A skeleton frame

to limit the motion of a loose piece, as a ball valve.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A wirework strainer, used in connection with

pumps and pipes.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The box, bucket, or inclosed platform of a lift

or elevator; a cagelike structure moving in a shaft.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The drum on which the rope

is wound in a hoisting whim.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Baseball)</fld> <def>The catcher's wire

mask.</def>



<hw>Cage</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Caged</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Caging</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To

confine in, or as in, a cage; to shut up or confine.</def>

\'bd<xex>Caged</xex> and starved to death.\'b8



<au>Cowper.</au>



<hw>Caged</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Confined in, or

as in, a cage; like a <xex>cage</xex> or prison.</def> \'bdThe

<xex>caged</xex> cloister.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Cage"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cage</ets> + <ets>-ling</ets>]</ety> <def>A bird

confined in a cage; esp. a young bird.</def>

<mark>[Poetic]</mark>



<au>Tennyson.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ca"git</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>A king of parrot, of a beautiful green

color, found in the Philippine Islands.</def>



<hw>Cag"mag</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A tough old

goose; hence, coarse, bad food of any kind.</def> <mark>[Prov.

Eng.]</mark>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ca"got</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<def>One of a race inhabiting the valleys of the Pyrenees, who

until 1793 were political and social outcasts (Christian

Pariahs). They are supposed to be a remnant of the

Visigoths.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ca`hier"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.

OF. <ets>cayer</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>quaternum</ets>. See

<er>Quire</er> of paper. The sheets of manuscript were folded

into parts.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A namber of sheets of paper

put loosely together; esp. one of the successive portions of a

work printed in numbers.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A memorial of a body; a report of legislative

proceedings, etc.</def>



<hw>Ca*hin"cic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining

to, or derived from, <xex>cahinca</xex>, the native name of a

species of Brazilian <xex>Chiococca</xex>, perhaps <xex>C</xex>.

<xex>recemosa</xex>; <as>as, <ex>cahincic</ex> acid</as>.</def>



<hw>Ca*hoot"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Perhaps fr.

f. <ets>cohorte</ets> a a company or band.]</ety>

<def>Partnership; as to go in <xex>cahoot</xex> with a

person.</def> <mark>[Slang, southwestern U. S.]</mark>



<au>Bartlett.</au>



<hw>\'d8Cai`ma*cam"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Turk.]</ety> <def>The governor of a sanjak or district in

Turkey.</def>



<hw>Cai"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Cayman</er>.</def>



<hw>Cai`no*zo"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>(Geol.)

See <er>Cenozic</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ca*\'8bque"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,

fr. Turk. <ets>q\'be\'c6q</ets> boat.]</ety> <fld>(Naut..)</fld>

<def>A light skiff or rowboat used on the Bosporus; also, a

Levantine vessel of larger size.</def>



<hw>\'d8\'80a"i*ra"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[F. <ets>\'87a ira,

\'87a ira, les aristocrates \'85 la lanterne</ets>, it shall go

on, it shall go on, [hang]the arictocrats to the lantern

(lamp-post).]</ety> <def> The refrain of a famous song of the

French Revolution.</def>



<hw>Caird</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ir.

<ets>ceard</ets> a tinker.]</ety> <def>A traveling tinker; also a

tramp or sturdy beggar.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Cairn</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gael.

<ets>carn</ets>, gen. <ets>cairn</ets>, a heap: cf. Ir. & W.

<ets>carn</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A rounded or conical

heap of stones erected by early inhabitants of the British Isles,

apparently as a sepulchral monument.</def>



<q>Now here let us place the gray stone of her

<qex>cairn</qex>.</q>

<qau>Campbell.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A pile of stones heaped up as a landmark, or to

arrest attention, as in surveying, or in leaving traces of an

exploring party, etc.</def>



<au>C. Kingsley. Kane.</au>



<hw>Cairn*gorm"stone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[Gael.

<ets>carn</ets> a cairn + <ets>gorm</ets> azure.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A yellow or smoky brown variety of rock

crystal, or crystallized quartz, found esp, in the mountain of

Cairngorm, in Scotland.</def>



<hw>Cais"son</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.

<ets>caisse</ets>, case, chest. See 1st <er>Case</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A chest to hold

ammunition.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A four-wheeled carriage for

conveying ammunition, consisting of two parts, a body and a

limber. In light field batteries there is one caisson to each

piece, having two ammunition boxes on the body, and one on the

limber.</def> <au>Farrow</au>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A chest filled

with explosive materials, to be laid in the way of an enemy and

exploded on his appoach.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A water-tight box, of timber or

iron within which work is carried on in building foundations or

structures below the water level.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A

hollow floating box, usually of iron, which serves to close the

entrances of docks and basins.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A

structure, usually with an air chamber, placed beneath a vessel

to lift or float it.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A sunk panel of ceilings or

soffits.</def>



<cs><col>Pneumatic caisson</col> <fld>(Engin.)</fld>, <cd>a

caisson, closed at the top but open at the bottom, and resting

upon the ground under water. The pressure of air forced into the

caisson keeps the water out. Men and materials are admitted to

the interior through an air lock. See <er>Lock</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cai"tiff</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>caitif</ets>, <ets>cheitif</ets>, captive, miserable, OF.

<ets>caitif</ets>, <ets>chaitif</ets>, captive, mean, wretched,

F.  <ets>ch\'82tif</ets>, fr. L. <ets>captivus</ets> captive, fr.

<ets>capere</ets> to take, akin to E. <ets>heave</ets>. See

<er>Heave</er>, and cf. <er>Captive</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Captive; wretched; unfortunate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Base; wicked and mean; cowardly;

despicable.</def>



<q>Arnold had sped his <qex>caitiff</qex> flight.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<hw>Cai"tiff</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A captive; a

prisoner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Avarice doth tyrannize over her <qex>caitiff</qex> and

slave.</q>

<qau>Holland.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A wretched or unfortunate man.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A mean, despicable person; one whose character

meanness and wickedness meet.</def>



<note>The deep-felt conviction of men that slavery breaks down

the moral character . . . speaks out with . . . distinctness in

the change of meaning which <xex>caitiff</xex> has undergone

signifying as it now does, one of a base, abject disposition,

while there was a time when it had nothing of this in it.</note>



<au>Trench.</au>



<hw>Caj"e*put</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Cajuput</er>.</def>



<hw>Ca*jole"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Cajoled</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Cajoling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>cajoler</ets>,

orig., to chatter like a bird in a cage, to sing; hence, to amuse

with idle talk, to flatter, from the source of OF. 

<ets>goale</ets>, <ets>jaiole</ets>, F. <ets>ge\'93le</ets>, dim.

of <ets>cage</ets> a cage. See <er>Cage</er>,

<er>Jail</er>.]</ety> <def>To deceive with flattery or fair

words; to wheedle.</def>



<q>I am not about to <qex>cajole</qex> or flatter you into a

reception of my views.</q>

<qau>F. W. Robertson.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To flatter; wheedle; delude; coax; entrap.</syn>



<hw>Ca*jole"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of

cajoling; the state of being cajoled; cajolery.</def>



<au>Coleridge.</au>



<hw>Ca*jol"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A flatterer;

a wheedler.</def>



<hw>Ca*jol"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Cajoleries</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>A wheedling to

delude; words used in cajoling; flattery.</def> \'bdInfamous

<xex>cajoleries</xex>.\'b8



<au>Evelyn.</au>



<hw>Caj"u*put</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Of Malayan

origin; <ets>k\'beyu</ets> tree + <ets>p\'d4tih</ets>

white.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A highly stimulating

volatile infammable oil, distilled from the leaves of an East

Indian tree (<spn>Melaleuca cajuputi</spn>, etc.) It is greenish

in color and has a camphoraceous odor and pungent taste.</def>



<hw>Caj"u*put*ene`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorlees or greenish oil extracted

from cajuput.</def>



<hw>Cake</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>cake</ets>, <ets>kaak</ets>; akin to Dan. <ets>kage</ets>,

Sw. & Icel. <ets>kaka</ets>, D. <ets>koek</ets>,

G.<ets>kuchem</ets>, OHG. <ets>chuocho</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A small mass of dough baked; especially, a thin

loaf from unleavened dough; <as>as, an oatmeal <ex>cake</ex>;

johnny<ex>cake</ex>.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A sweetened composition of flour and other

ingredients, leavened or unleavened, baked in a loaf or mass of

any size or shape.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A thin wafer-shaped mass of fried batter; a

griddlecake or pancake; as buckwheat <xex>cakes</xex>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A mass of matter concreted, congealed, or molded

into a solid mass of any form, esp. into a form rather flat than

high; <as>as, a <ex>cake</ex> of soap; an ague

<ex>cake</ex>.</as></def>



<q><qex>Cakes</qex> of rusting ice come rolling down the

flood.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<cs><col>Cake urchin</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld>, <cd>any species

of flat sea urchins belonging to the

<spn>Clypeastroidea</spn></cd>. -- <col>Oil cake</col> <cd>the

refuse of flax seed, cotton seed, or other vegetable substance

from which oil has been expressed, compacted into a solid mass,

and used as food for cattle, for manure, or for other

purposes.</cd> -- <col>To have one's cake dough</col>, <cd>to

fail or be disappointed in what one has undertaken or

expected.</cd></cs>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Cake</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To form into a cake, or

mass.</def>



<hw>Cake</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Caked</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Caking</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To concrete or consolidate

into a hard mass, as dough in an oven; to coagulate.</def>



<q>Clotted blood that <qex>caked</qex> within.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<hw>Cake</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To cackle as a goose.</def>

<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Cak"ing coal`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>See

<er>Coal</er>.</def>



<hw>Cal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Cornish

Mines)</fld> <def>Wolfram, an ore of tungsten.</def>



<au>Simmonds.</au>



<hw>Cal"a*bar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A district on

the west coast of Africa.</def>



<cs><col>Calabar bean</col>, <cd>The of a climbing legumious

plant (<spn>Physostigma venenosum</spn>), a native of tropical

Africa. It is highly poisonous. It is used to produce contraction

of the pupil of the eye; also in tetanus, neuralgia, and

rheumatic diseases; -- called also <altname>ordeal

bean</altname>, being used by the negroes in trials for

witchcraft.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cal"a*bar*ine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alkaloid resembing physostigmine and

occurring with it in the calabar bean.</def>



<hw>Cal"a*bash</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.

<ets>calabaza</ets>, or Pg. <ets>calaba<?/a</ets>,

<ets>caba<?/a</ets> (cf. F. <ets>Calebasse</ets>), lit., a dry

gourd, fr. Ar. <ets>qar'</ets>, fem., a kind of gourd +

<ets>aibas</ets> dry.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The common gourd

(plant or fruit).</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The fruit of the calabash tree.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A water dipper, bottle, backet, or other

utensil, made from the dry shell of a calabash or gourd.</def>



<cs><col>Calabash tree</col>. <cd><fld>(Bot.)</fld>, a tree of

tropical America (<spn>Crescentia cujete</spn>), producing a

large gourdike fruit, containing a purgative pulp. Its hard

shell, after the removal of the pulp, is used for cups, bottles,

etc.  The <stype>African calabash tree</stype> is the

baobab.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cal`a*boose"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[A

corruption of Sp. <ets>calabozo</ets> dungeon.]</ety> <def>A

prison; a jail.</def> <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Ca*lade"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<def>A slope or declivity in a manege ground down which a horse

is made to gallop, to give suppleness to his haunches.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ca*la"di*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>A genus of aroideous plants, of which some

species are cultivated for their immense leaves (which are often

curiously blotched with white and red), and others (in Polynesia)

for food.</def>



<hw>Cal"a*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cala\'8bs</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/,

<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ ; cf. F. <ets>cala\'8bte</ets>.]</ety>

<def>A mineral. See <er>Turquoise</er>.</def>



<hw>Cal`a*man"co</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>calamancus</ets>, <ets>calamacus</ets>; cf.

<ets>camelaucum</ets>; a head covering made of camel's hair, NGr.

<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/, and F. <ets>calmande</ets> a

woolen stuff.]</ety> <def>A glossy woolen stuff, plain, striped,

or checked.</def> \'bda gay <xex>calamanco</xex> waistcoat.\'b8



<au>Tatler.</au>



<hw>Cal"a*man`der wood</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A valuable

furniture wood from India and Ceylon, of a hazel-brown color,

with black stripes, very hard in texture. It is a species of

ebony, and is obtained from the <spn>Diospyros qusesita</spn>.

Called also <altname>Coromandel wood</altname>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cal"a*mar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Cal"a*ma*ry</hw>,

}</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL. <ets>calamarium</ets> inkstand,

fr. L. <ets>calamus</ets> a reed pen: cf. F. <ets>calmar</ets>,

<ets>calemar</ets>, pen case, calamar.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A cephalopod, belonging to the genus

<spn>Loligo</spn> and related genera. There are many species.

They have a sack of inklike fluid which they discharge from the

siphon tube, when pursued or alarmed, in order to confuse their

enemies. Their shell is a thin horny plate, within the flesh of

back, shaped very much like a quill pen. In America they are

called <altname>squids</altname>. See <er>Squid</er>.</def>



<hw>Cal"am*bac</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>calambac</ets>, <ets>calambour</ets>, from Malay

<ets>Kalambaq</ets> a king of fragrant wood.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A fragrant wood; agalloch.</def>



<hw>Cal"am*bour</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Calambac</er>.]</ety> <def>A species of agalloch, or aloes

wood, of a dusky or mottled color, of a light, friable texture,

and less fragrant than calambac; -- used by cabinetmakers.</def>



<hw>Cal`a*mif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>calamus</ets> reed + <ets>ferous</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Producing reeds; reedy.</def>



<hw>Cal"a*mine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>calamine</ets>, LL. <ets>calamina</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>Cabmia</ets>. See <er>Cadmia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(min.)</fld>

<def>A mineral, the hydrous silicate of zinc.</def>



<note><hand/ The name was formerly applied to both the carbonate

and silicate of zinc each of which is valuabic as an ore; but it

is now usually restricted to the latter, the former being called

<xex>smithsonite</xex>.</note>



<hw>Cal"a*mint</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>calamint</ets>, <ets>calemente</ets> (cf. F.

<ets>calament</ets>) fr. L. <ets>calamintha</ets>, Gr.

<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/. See 1st

<er>Mint</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of perennial

plants (<spn>Calamintha</spn>) of the Mint family, esp. the

<spn>C. Nepela</spn> and <spn>C. Acinos</spn>, which are called

also <stype>basil thyme</stype>.</def>



<hw>Cal"a*mist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>calamus</ets> a reed.]</ety> <def>One who plays upon a reed

or pipe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Blount.</au>



<hw>Cal`a*mis"trate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>calamistratus</ets>, curied with the curling iron, fr.

<ets>calamistrum</ets> curling iron, fr. <ets>calamus</ets> a

reed.]</ety> <def>To curl or friz, as the hair.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Cotgrave.</au>



<hw>Cal`amis*tra"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

act or process of curling the hair.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>burton.</au>



<hw>\'d8Cal`a*mis"trum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

a curling iron.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A comblike

structure on the metatarsus of the hind legs of certain spiders

(<spn>Ciniflonid\'91</spn>), used to curl certain fibers in the

construction of their webs.</def>



<hw>Cal"a*mite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>calamus</ets> a reed: cf. F. <ets>calamite</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A fossil plant of the coal formation,

having the general form of plants of the modern

<xex>Equiseta</xex> (the Horsetail or Scouring Rush family) but

sometimes attaining the height of trees, and having the stem more

or less woody within. See <er>Acrogen</er>, and

<er>Asterophyllite</er>.</def>



<hw>Ca*lam"i*tous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Calamitosus</ets>; cf. F. <ets>calamiteux</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Suffering calamity; wretched; miserable.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Ten thousands of <qex>calamitous</qex> persons.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Producing, or attended with distress and misery;

making wretched; wretched; unhappy.</def> \'bdThis sad and

<xex>calamitous</xex> condition.\'b8 <au>South</au>. \'bdA

<xex>calamitous</xex> prison\'b8 <au>Milton</au>.



<syn>Syn. -- Miserable; deplorable; distressful; afflictive;

grievous; baleful; disastrous; adverse; unhappy; severe; sad;

unfortunate.</syn>



-- <wordforms><wf>Ca*lam"i*tous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Ca*lam"i*tous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Ca*lam"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Calamities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L.

<ets>calamitas</ets>, akin to in-<ets>columis</ets> unharmed: cf.

F. <ets>calamit\'82</ets>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Any great

misfortune or cause of misery; -- generally applied to events or

disasters which produce extensive evil, either to communities or

individuals.</def>



<note>The word <xex>calamity</xex> was first derived from

<xex>calamus</xex> when the corn could not get out of the

stalk.</note>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<q>Strokes of <qex>calamity</qex> that scathe and scorch the

soul.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A state or time of distress or misfortune;

misery.</def>



<q>The deliberations of <qex>calamity</qex> are rarely wise.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<q>Where'er I came I brought <qex>calamity</qex>.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Disaster; distress; afflicition; adversity;

misfortune; unhappiness; infelicity; mishap; mischance; misery;

evil; extremity; exigency; downfall.</syn> <usage> --

<er>Calamity</er>, <er>Disaster</er>, <er>Misfortune</er>,

<er>Mishap</er>, <er>Mischance</er>. Of these words,

<xex>calamity</xex> is the strongest. It supposes a somewhat

continuous state, produced not usually by the direct agency of

man, but by natural causes, such as fire, flood, tempest,

disease, etc, <xex>Disaster</xex> denotes literally

<xex>ill-starred</xex>, and is some unforeseen and distressing

event which comes suddenly upon us, as if from hostile planet.

<xex>Misfortune</xex> is often due to no specific cause; it is

simply the bad fortune of an individual; a link in the chain of

events; an evil independent of his own conduct, and not to be

charged as a fault. <xex>Mischance</xex> and <xex>mishap</xex>

are misfortunes of a trivial nature, occurring usually to

individuals. \'bdA <xex>calamity</xex> is either public or

private, but more frequently the former; a <xex>disaster</xex> is

rather particular than private; it affects things rather than

persons; journey, expedition, and military movements are often

attended with <xex>disasters</xex>; <xex>misfortunes</xex> are

usually personal; they immediately affect the interests of the

individual.\'b8</usage>



<au>Crabb.</au>



<hw>Cal"a*mus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Calami</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L., a reed. See

<er>Halm</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The

indian cane, a plant of the Palm family. It furnishes the common

rattan. See <er>Rattan</er>, and <er>Dragon's blood</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of <spn>Acorus</spn>

(<spn>A. calamus</spn>), commonly called <spn>calamus</spn>, or

<xex>sweet flag</xex>. The root has a pungent, aromatic taste,

and is used in medicine as a stomachic; the leaves have an

aromatic odor, and were formerly used instead of rushes to strew

on floors.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The horny basal portion of

a feather; the barrel or quill.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ca*lan"do</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[It.]</ety> <def>(<er>Mus</er>.) Gradually diminishing in

rapidity and loudness.</def>



<hw>Ca*lash"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>cal\'8ache</ets>; of Slavonic origin; cf. Bohem.

<ets>kolesa</ets>, Russ. <ets>koliaska</ets> calash,

<ets>koleso</ets>, <ets>kolo</ets>, wheel.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A light carriage with low wheels, having a top or hood that

can be raised or lowered, seats for inside, a separate seat for

the driver, and often a movable front, so that it can be used as

either an open or a close carriage.</def>



<q>The baroness in a <qex>calash</qex> capable of holding

herself, her two children, and her servants.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In Canada, a two-wheeled, one-seated vehicle,

with a calash top, and the driver's seat elevated in front.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A hood or top of a carriage which can be thrown

back at pleasure.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A hood, formerly worn by ladies, which could be

drawn forward or thrown back like the top of a carriage.</def>



<-- p. 203 -->



<hw>Ca`la*ve"rite</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A bronze-yellow massive mineral with

metallic luster; a telluride of gold; -- first found in

<ets>Calaveras</ets> County California.</def>



<hw>Cal*ca"ne*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Anal.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the calcaneum; <as>as,

<ex>calcaneal</ex> arteries</as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cal*ca"ne*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.

-<plw>neums</plw>, L. -<plw>nea</plw>.</plu> <ety>[L. the heel,

fr. <ets>calx</ets>, <ets>calcis</ets>, the heel.]</ety>

<fld>(Anal.)</fld> <def>One of the bones of the tarsus which in

man, forms the great bone of the heel; -- called also

<altname>fibulare</altname>.</def>



<hw>Cal"car</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>calcaria</ets> lime kiln, fr. <ets>calx</ets>,

<ets>calcis</ets>, lime. See <er>Calx</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Glass

manuf.)</fld> <def>A kind of oven, or reverberatory furnace, used

for the calcination of sand and potash, and converting them into

frit.</def>



<au>Ure.</au>



<hw>\'d8Cal"car</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; L. <plu>pl.

<plw>Calcaria</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L., a pur, as worn

on the heel, also the spur of a cock, fr. <ets>calx</ets>,

<ets>calcis</ets>, the heel.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A hollow tube or spur at the base of a petal or

corolla.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A slender bony process

from the ankle joint of bats, which helps to support the

posterior part of the web, in flight.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A spur, or

spurlike prominence.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A curved ridge in

the floor of the leteral ventricle of the brain; the <xex>calcar

avis</xex>, <xex>hippocampus minor</xex>, or

<xex>ergot</xex>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cal"ca*rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Cal"ca*ra`ted</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>calcaratus</ets>, fr. L. <ets>calcar</ets>. See 2d

<ets>Calcar</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having a spur, as the flower

of the toadflax and larkspur; spurred.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Armed with a spur.</def>



<hw>Cal*ca"re*o-ar`gil*la"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>consisting of, or containing, calcareous and argillaceous

earths.</def>



<hw>Cal*ca"re*o-bi*tu"mi*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Consisting of, or containing, lime and bitumen.</def>



<au>Lyell.</au>



<hw>Cal*ca"re*o-si*li"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos><def>Consisting of, or containing calcareous and

siliceous earths.</def>



<hw>Cal*ca"re*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>calcarius</ets> pertaining to lime. See

<er>Calx</er>.]</ety> <def>Partaking of the nature ofcalcite or

calcium carbonate; consisting of, or containg, calcium carbonate

or carbonate of lime.</def>



<cs><col>Clcareous spar</col>. <cd>See as

<er>Calcite</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cal*ca"re*ous*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality of being

calcareous.</def>



<hw>Cal`ca*rif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>calcarius</ets> of lime + <ets>ferous</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Lime-yielding; calciferous</def>



<hw>Cal"ca*rine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or situated near, the

calcar of the brain.</def>



<hw>Cal`ca*vel"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A sweet

wine from Portugal; -- so called from the district of

Carcavelhos.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Calcavellos</asp> or

<asp>Carcavelhos</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Cal"ce*a"ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>calceatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>pelceare</ets> to ahoe, fr.

<ets>catceus</ets> shoe, fr. <ets>calx</ets>, <ets>calcic</ets>,

<ets>heel</ets>.]</ety> <def>Fitted with, or wearing,

shoes.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Calced</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Calceated</er>.]</ety> <def>Wearing shoes; calceated; -- in

distintion from <xex>discalced</xex> or <xex>barefooted</xex>; as

the <xex>calced</xex> Carmelites.</def>



<hw>Cal"ce*don</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Chalcedony</er>.]</ety> <def>A foul vein, like chalcedony, in

some precious stones.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cal`ce*don"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Cal`ce*do"ni*an</hw>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>See

<er>Chalcedonic</er>.</def>



<hw>Cal"ce*i*form`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>calceus</ets> shoe + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Shaped like a plipper, as one petal of the

lady's-slipper; calceolate.</def>



<hw>\'d8cal`ce*o*la"ri*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>calceolarius</ets> shoemaker, fr.

<ets>calceolus</ets>, a dim. of <ets>calceus</ets> shoe.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of showy herbaceous or shrubby

plant, biought from South America; slipperwort. It has a yellow

or purple flower, often spotted or striped, the shape of which

suggests its name.</def>



<hw>Cal"ce*o*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Calceolaria</er>.]</ety> <def>Slipper-ahaped. See

<er>Calceiform</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cal"ces</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>See

<er>Calx</er>.</def>



<hw>Cal"cic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>calx</ets>, <ets>calcis</ets>, lime: cf. F.

<ets>calcique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining

to, derived from, or containing, calcium or lime.</def>



<hw>Cal*cif"er*ouse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>calx</ets>, <ets>calcis</ets>, lime +

<ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bearing producing, or containing

calcite, or carbonate of lime.</def>



<cs><col>Calciferouse epoch</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>and

epoch in the American lower Silurian system, immediately

succeeding the Cambrian period. The name alludes to the peculiar

mixture of calcareous and siliceous characteristics in many of

the beds. See the Diagram under <er>Grology</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cal*cif"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Calciferous.

Specifically: <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> of or pertaining to hte

portion of the which forms the eggshell in birds and

reptiles.</def>



<au>Huxley.</au>



<hw>Cal`ci*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The process of chenge into a stony or

calcareous substance by the deposition of lime salt; -- normally,

as in the formation of bone and teeth; abnormally, as in

calcareous degeneration of tissue.</def>



<hw>Cal"ci*fied</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Consisting

of, or containing, calcareous matter or lime salts;

calcareous.</def>



<hw>Cal"ci*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>calx</ets>, <ets>calcis</ets>, lime +

<ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>In the form of chalk or lime.</def>



<hw>Cal"ci*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Calcified</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Calcifying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>calx</ets>,

<ets>calcis</ets>, lime + <ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make

stony or calcareous by the deposit or secretion of salts of

lime.</def>



<hw>Cal"ci*fy</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To become changed into

a stony or calcareous condition, in lime is a principal

ingredient, as in the formation of teeth.</def>



<hw>Cal*cig"e*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>calx</ets>, <ets>calcis</ets>, lime +

<ets>-genouse</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Tending to

form, or to become, a calx or earthlike substance on being

oxidized or burnt; as magnesium, calcium. etc.</def>



<hw>Cal*cig"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>calx</ets>, <ets>calcis</ets>, <ets>lime</ets> +

<ets>-gerouse</ets>.]</ety> <def>Holding lime or other earthy

salts; <as>as, the <ex>calcigerous</ex> cells of the

teeth</as>.</def>



<hw>Cal"ci*mine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>calx</ets>, <ets>calcis</ets>, lime.]</ety> <def>A white or

colored wash for the ceiling or other plastering of a room,

consisting of a mixture of clear glue, Paris white or zinc white,

and water.</def> <altsp>[Also spelt

<asp>kalsomine</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Cal"ci*mine</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. &p.

p.</pos> <er>Calcimined</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Calcimining</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To wash or cover

with calcimine; <as>as, to <ex>calcimine</ex> walls</as>.</def>



<hw>Cal"ci*mi`ner</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

calcimines.</def>



<hw>Cal*cin"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That may

be calcined; <as>as, a <ex>calcinable</ex> fossil</as>.</def>



<hw>Cal"ci*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To

calcine.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Cal`ci*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>calcination</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The act or process of

disintegrating a substance, or rendering it friable by the action

of heat, esp. by the expulsion of some volatile matter, as when

carbonic and acid is expelled from carbonate of calcium in the

burning of limestone in order to make lime.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act or process of reducing a metal to an

oxide or metallic calx; oxidation.</def>



<hw>Cal*cin"a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

vessel used in calcination.</def>



<hw>Cal*cine"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Calciden</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Calcining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>calciner</ets>,

fr. L. <ets>calx</ets>, <ets>calcis</ets>, lime. See

<er>Calx</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To reduce to a powder, or to a friable state, by

the action of heat; to expel volatile matter from by means of

heat, as carbonic acid from limestone, and thus (usually) to

produce disintegration; as to, <xex>calcine</xex> bones.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To oxidize, as a metal by the action of heat; to

reduce to a metallic calx.</def>



<hw>Cal*cine"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To be convereted into a

powder or friable substance, or into a calx, by the action of

heat.</def> \'bd<xex>Calcining</xex> without fusion\'b8



<au>Newton.</au>



<hw>Cal*cin"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, calcines.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cal`ci*spon"gi*\'91</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>calx</ets>, <ets>calcis</ets>, lime +

<ets>spongia</ets> a sponge.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An

order of marine sponges, containing calcareous spicules. See

<er>Porifera</er>.</def>



<hw>Cal"cite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>calx</ets>, <ets>calcis</ets>, lime.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Calcium carbonate, or carbonate of lime.

It is rhombohedral in its crystallization, and thus distinguished

from aragonite.  It includes common limestone, chalk, and marble.

Called also <altname>calc-spar</altname> and <altname>calcareous

spar</altname>.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Argentine</xex> is a pearly lamellar variety;

<xex>aphrite</xex> is foliated or chalklike; <xex>dogtooth

spar</xex>, a form in acute rhombohedral or scalenohedral

crystals; <xex>calc-sinter</xex> and <xex>calc-tufa</xex> are

lose or porous varieties formed in caverns or wet grounds from

calcareous deposits; <xex>agaric mineral</xex> is a soft, white

friable variety of similar origin; <xex>stalaclite</xex> and

<xex>stalagmite</xex> are varieties formed from the drillings in

caverns. <xex>Iceland spar</xex> is a transparent variety,

exhibiting the strong double refraction of the species, and hence

is called <xex>doubly refracting spar</xex>.</note>



<hw>Cal"ci*trant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>calcitrans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>calcitrare</ets> to kick,

fr. <ets>calx</ets>, <ets>calcis</ets> , heel.]</ety>

<def>Kicking.  Hence: Stubborn; refractory.</def>



<hw>Cal"ci*trate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i. & i.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>calcitratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>calcitrare</ets>.

See <er>Calcitrant</er>.]</ety> <def>To kick.</def>



<hw>Cal`ci*tra"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Act of

kicking.</def>



<hw>Cal"ci*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., from L.

<ets>calx</ets>, <ets>calcis</ets>, lime; cf F.

<ets>calcium</ets>. See <er>Calx</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>An elementary substance; a metal which combined with oxygen

forms lime. It is of a pale yellow color, tenacious, and

malleable. It is a member of the alkaline earth group of

elements. Atomic weight 40. Symbol Ca.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Calcium</xex> is widely and abundantly

disseminated, as in its compounds <xex>calcium carbonate</xex> or

limestone, <xex>calcium sulphate</xex> or gypsum, <xex>calcium

fluoride</xex> or fluor spar, <xex>calcium phosphate</xex> or

apatite.</note>



<cs><col>Calcium light</col>, <cd>an intense light produced by

the incandescence of a stick or ball of lime in the flame of a

combination of oxygen and hydrogen gases, or of oxygen and coal

gas; -- called also <altname>Drummond light</altname>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cal*civ"o*rous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>calx</ets> lime + <ets>vorare</ets> to devour.]</ety>

<def>Eroding, or eating into, limestone.</def>



<hw>Cal*cog"ra*pher</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

practices calcography.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cal`co*graph"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Cal`co*graph"ic*al</hw>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Relating

to, or in the style of, calcography.</def>



<hw>Cal*cog"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>calx</ets>, <ets>calcis</ets>, lime, chalk +

<ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art of drawing with

chalk.</def>



<hw>Calc"-sin`ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G.

<ets>kalk</ets> (L. <ets>calx</ets>, <ets>calcis</ets>) lime + E.

<ets>sinter</ets>.]</ety> <def>See under <er>Calcite</er>.</def>



<hw>Calc"-spar`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G.

<ets>kalk</ets> (L. <ets>calx</ets>) lime E.

<ets>spar</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Calcite</er>.</def>



<hw>Calc"-tu`fa</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G.

<ets>kalk</ets> (l. <ets>calx</ets>) lime + E.

<ets>tufa</ets>.]</ety> <def>See under <er>Calcite</er>.</def>



<hw>Cal"cu*la*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>calculable</ets>.]</ety> <def>That may be calculated or

ascertained by calculation.</def>



<hw>Cal"cu*la*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>calculus</ets> a pebble, a calculus; cf

<ets>calcularius</ets> pertaining to calculation.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to calculi.</def>



<hw>Cal"cu*la*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A congeries of little

stony knots found in the pulp of the pear and other fruits.</def>



<hw>Cal"cu*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Calculater</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Calculating</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L, <ets>calculatus</ets>, p. p.

of <ets>calculate</ets>, fr. <ets>calculus</ets> a pebble, a

stone used in reckoning; hence, a reckoning, fr. <ets>calx</ets>,

<ets>calcis</ets>, a stone used in gaming, limestone. See

<er>Calx</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To ascertain or determine

by mathematical processes, usually by the ordinary rules of

arithmetic; to reckon up; to estimate; to compute.</def>



<q>A calencar exacity <qex>calculated</qex> than any othe.</q>

<qau>North.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To ascertain or predict by mathematical or

astrological computations the time, circumstances, or other

conditions of; to forecast or compute the character or

consequences of; <as>as, to <ex>calculate</ex> or cast one's

nativity</as>.</def>



<q>A cunning man did <qex>calculate</qex> my birth.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To adjust for purpose; to adapt by forethought

or calculation; to fit or prepare by the adaptation of means to

an end; <as>as, to <ex>calculate</ex> a system of laws for the

government and protection of a free people</as>.</def>



<q>[Religion] is . . . <qex>calculated</qex> for our benefit.</q>

<qau>Abp. Tillotson.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To plan; to expect; to think.</def>

<mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark>



<syn>Syn. -- To compute; reckon; count; estimate; rate.</syn>

<usage> -- <er>To Calculate</er>, <er>Compute</er>.

<er>Reckon</er>, <er>Count</er>. These words indicate the means

by which we arrive at a given result in regard to quantity. We

<xex>calculate</xex> with a view to obtain a certain point of

knowledge; as, to <xex>calculate</xex> an eclipse. We

<xex>compute</xex> by combining given numbers, in order to learn

the grand result. We <xex>reckon</xex> and <xex>count</xex> in

carrying out the details of a computation. These words are also

used in a secondary and figurative sense.

\'bd<xex>Calculate</xex> is rather a conjection from what is, as

to what may be; <xex>computation</xex> is a rational estimate of

what has been, from what is; <xex>reckoning</xex> is a conclusive

conviction, a pleasing assurance that a thing will happen;

<xex>counting</xex> indicates an expectation. We

<xex>calculate</xex> on a gain; we <xex>compute</xex> any loss

sustained, or the amount of any mischief done; we

<xex>reckon</xex> on a promised pleasure; we <xex>count</xex> the

hours and minutes until the time of enjoyment arrives\'b8</usage>



<au>Crabb.</au>



<hw>Cal"cu*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To make

a calculation; to forecast caonsequences; to estimate; to

compute.</def>



<q>The strong passions, whether good or bad, never

<qex>calculate</qex>.</q>

<qau>F. W. Robertson.</qau>



<hw>Cal"cu*la`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. p. & a.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Worked out by calculation; as

<xex>calculated</xex> tables for computing interest; ascertained

or conjectured as a result of calculation; <as>as, the

<ex>calculated</ex> place of a planet; the <ex>calculated</ex>

velocity of a cannon ball.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Adapted by calculation, contrivance. or

forethought to accomplish a purpose; <as>as, to use arts

<ex>calculated</ex> to deceive the people</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Likely to produce a certain effect, whether

intended or not; fitted; adapted; suited.</def>



<q>The only danger that attends multiplicity of publication is,

that some of them may be <qex>calculated</qex> to injure rather

than benefit society.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<q>The minister, on the other hand, had never gone through an

experience <qex>calculated</qex> to lead him beyond the scope of

generally received laws</q>.

<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>



<hw>Cal"cu*la`ting</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Of or pertaining to mathematical calculations; performing or

able to perform mathematical calculations.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Given to contrivance or forethought;

forecasting; scheming; <as>as, a cool <ex>calculating</ex>

disposition</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Calculating machine</col>, <cd>a machine for the

mechanical performance of mathematical operations, for the most

part invented by Charles Babbage and G. and E. Scheutz. It

computes logarithmic and other mathematical tables of a high

degree of intricacy, imprinting the results on a leaden plate,

from which a stereotype plate is then directly made.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cal"cu*la`ting</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act or process of

making mathematical computations or of estimating results.</def>



<hw>Cal`cu*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>calculation</ets>, fr. L. <ets>calculatio</ets>; cf. OF.

<ets>calcucation</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or

process, or the result, of calculating; computation; reckoning,

estimate.</def> \'bdThe <xex>calculation</xex> of eclipses.\'b8



<au>Nichol.</au>



<q>The mountain is not so his <qex>calculation</qex> makes

it.</q>

<qau>Boyle.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An expectation based on cirumstances.</def>



<q>The lazy gossips of the port,

Abborrent of a <qex>calculation</qex> crost,

Began to chafe as at a personal wrong.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Cal"cu*la*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to calculation; involving calculation.</def>



<q>Long habits of <qex>calculative</qex> dealings.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<hw>Cal"cu*la*tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.: cf.

F. <ets>calculateur</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who computes or

reckons: one who estimates or considers the force and effect of

causes, with a view to form a correct estimate of the

effects.</def>



<q>Ambition is no exact <qex>calculator</qex>.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<hw>Cal"cu*la*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>calculatorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to

calculation.</def>



<au>Sherwood.</au>



<hw>Cal"cule</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>calcul</ets>, fr. L. <ets>calculus</ets>. See

<er>Calculus</er>.]</ety> <def>Reckoning; computation.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Howell.</au>



<hw>Cal"cule</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To calculate</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Cal"cu*li</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>See

<er>Calculus</er>.</def>



<hw>Cal"cu*lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>calculosus</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of the nature of a

calculus; like stone; gritty; <as>as, a <ex>calculous</ex>

concretion</as>.</def>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Caused, or characterized, by the presence of a

calculus or calculi; a, a <xex>calculous</xex> disorder; affected

with gravel or stone; <as>as, a <ex>calculous</ex>

person</as>.</def>



<hw>Cal"cu*lus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.</plu>

<plw>Calculi</plw> <pr>(#)</pr> <ety>[L, <ets>calculus</ets>. See

<er>Calculate</er>, and <er>Calcule</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Any solid concretion, formed in any part

of the body, but most frequent in the organs that act as

reservoirs, and in the passages connected with them; <as>as,

biliary <ex>calculi</ex>; urinary <ex>calculi</ex>,

etc.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A method of computation; any

process of reasoning by the use of symbols; any branch of

mathematics that may involve calculation.</def>



<cs><col>Barycentric calculus</col>, <cd>a method of treating

geometry by defining a point as the center of gravity of certain

other points to which co\'89fficients or weights are

ascribed.</cd> -- <col>Calculus of functions</col>, <cd>that

branch of mathematics which treats of the forms of functions that

shall satisfy given conditions.</cd> -- <col>Calculus of

operations</col>, <cd>that branch of mathematical logic that

treats of all operations that satisfy given conditions.</cd> --

<col>Calculus of probabilities</col>, <cd>the science that treats

of the computation of the probabilities of events, or the

application of numbers to chance.</cd> -- <col>Calculus of

variations</col>, <cd>a branch of mathematics in which the laws

of dependence which bind the variable quantities together are

themselves subject to change.</cd> -- <col>Differential

calculus</col>, <cd>a method of investigating mathematical

questions by using the ratio of certain indefinitely small

quantities called <xex>differentials<xex>. The problems are

primarily of this form: to find how the change in some variable

quantity alters at each instant the value of a quantity dependent

upon it.</cd> -- <col>Exponential calculus</col>, <cd>that part

of algebra which treats of exponents.</cd> -- <col>Imaginary

calculus</col>, <cd>a method of investigating the relations of

real or imaginary quantities by the use of the imaginary symbols

and quantities of algebra.</cd> -- <col>Integral calculus</col>,

<cd>a method which in the reverse of the differential, the

primary object of which is to learn from the known ratio of the

indefinitely small changes of two or more magnitudes, the

relation of the magnitudes themselves, or, in other words, from

having the differential of an algebraic expression to find the

expression itself.</cd></cs>



<-- p. 204 -->



<hw>Cal"dron</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>caldron</ets>, <ets>caudron</ets>, <ets>caudroun</ets>, OF.

<ets>caudron</ets>, <ets>chauderon</ets>, F. <ets>chaudron</ets>,

an aug. of F. <ets>chaudi\'8are</ets>, LL. <ets>caldaria</ets>,

fr. L. <ets>caldarius</ets> suitable for warming, fr.

<ets>caldus</ets>, <ets>calidus</ets>, warm, fr.

<ets>calere</ets> to be warm; cf. Skr. <ets>\'87r\'be</ets> to

boil. Cf. <er>Chaldron</er>, <er>Calaric</er>,

<er>Caudle</er>.]</ety> <def>A large kettle or boiler of copper,

brass, or iron. <altsp>[Written also

<asp>cauldron</asp>.]</altsp></def> \'bd<xex>Caldrons</xex> of

boiling oil.\'b8



<au>Prescott.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ca*l\'8ache"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>cal\'8ache</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Calash</er>.</def>



<hw>Cal`e*do"ni*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

ancient Latin name of Scotland; -- still used in poetry.</def>



<hw>Cal`e*do"ni*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Caledonia or Scotland; Scottish; Scotch.</def> --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A native or inhabitant of Caledonia or

Scotland.</def></def2>



<hw>Ca*led"o*nite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A hydrous sulphate of copper and lead,

found in some parts of Caledonia or Scotland.</def>



<hw>Cal`e*fa"cient</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>calefaciens</ets> p. pr. of <ets>calefacere</ets> to make

warm; <ets>calere</ets> to be warm + <ets>facere</ets> to

make.]</ety> <def>Making warm; heating.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Cal`e*fa"cient</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A substance that

excites warmth in the parts to which it is applied, as

mustard.</def>



<hw>Cal`e*fac"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>calefactio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>cal\'82faction</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of warming or heating; the production of

heat in a body by the action of fire, or by communication of heat

from other bodies.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being heated.</def>



<hw>Cal`e*fac"tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See

<er>Calefactory</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Cal`e*fac"tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A heater;

one who, or that which, makes hot, as a stove, etc.</def>



<hw>Cal`e*fac"to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>calefactorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Making hot; producing or

communicating heat.</def>



<hw>Cal`e*fac"to*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>An apartment in a monastery, warmed and

used as a sitting room.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A hollow sphere of metal, filled with hot water,

or a chafing dish, placed on the altar in cold weather for the

priest to warm his hands with.</def>



<hw>Cal"e*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Calefied</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Calefying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>calere</ets> to be

warm + <ets>-fy</ets>]</ety> <def>To make warm or hot.</def>



<hw>Cal"e*fy</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To grow hot or

warm.</def>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>\'d8Cal"em*bour`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A pun.</def>



<hw>Cal"en*dar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>kalender</ets>, <ets>calender</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>kalendarium</ets> an interest or account book (cf. F.

<ets>calendrier</ets>, OF. <ets>calendier</ets>) fr. L.

<ets>calendue</ets>, <ets>kalendae</ets>, calends. See

<er>Calends</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An orderly arrangement

of the division of time, adapted to the purposes of civil life,

as years, months, weeks, and days; also, a register of the year

with its divisions; an almanac.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A tabular statement of the

dates of feasts, offices, saints' days, etc., esp. of those which

are liable to change yearly according to the varying date of

Easter.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An orderly list or enumeration of persons,

things, or events; a schedule; <as>as, a <ex>calendar</ex> of

state papers; a <ex>calendar</ex> of bills presented in a

legislative assemblly; a <ex>calendar</ex> of causes arranged for

trial in court; a <ex>calendar</ex> of a college or an

academy.</as></def>



<note>Shepherds of people had need know the <xex>calendars</xex>

of tempests of state.</note>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<cs><col>Calendar clock</col>, <cd>one that shows the days of the

week and month.</cd> -- <col>Calendar month</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Month</er>.</cd> -- <col>French Republican calendar</col>.

<cd>See under <er>Vend\'82miaire</er>.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Gregorian calendar</col>, <col>Julian calendar</col>,

<col>Perpetual calendar</col></mcol>. <cd>See under

<er>Gregorian</er>, <er>Julian</er>, and

<er>Perpetual</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cal"en*dar</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>Imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Calendared</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Calendaring</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To enter or

write in a calendar; to register.</def>



<au>Waterhouse.</au>



<hw>Cal`en*da"ri*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to the calendar or a calendar.</def>



<hw>Cal"en*da*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Calendarial.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Cal"en*der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>calandre</ets>, LL. <ets>calendra</ets>, corrupted fr. L.

<ets>cylindrus</ets> a cylinder, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/.

See <er>Cylinider</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A machine, used

for the purpose of giving cloth, paper, etc., a smooth, even, and

glossy or glazed surface, by cold or hot pressure, or for

watering them and giving them a wavy appearance. It consists of

two or more cylinders revolving nearly in contact, with the

necessary apparatus for moving and regulating.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who pursues the business of

calendering.</def>



<q>My good friend the <qex>calender</qex>.</q>

<qau>Cawper.</qau>



<hw>Cal"en*der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Calendered</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Calendering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>calandrer</ets>. See <er>Calender</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<def>To press between rollers for the purpose of making smooth

and glossy, or wavy, as woolen and silk stuffs, linens, paper,

etc.</def>



<au>Ure.</au>



<hw>Cal"en*der</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Per.

<ets>qalender</ets>.]</ety> <def>One of a sect or order of

fantastically dressed or painted dervishes.</def>



<hw>Cal`en*dog"ra*pher</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Calendar</ets> + <ets>-graph</ets> +

<ets>er</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who makes calendars.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Cal"en*drer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A person

who calenders cloth; a calender.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ca*len"dric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Ca*len"dric*al</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>, <def>Of or pertaining to a

calendar.</def>



<hw>Cal"ends</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>kalendes</ets> month, calends, AS. <ets>calend</ets> month,

fr. L. <ets>calendae</ets>; akin to <ets>calare</ets> to call,

proclaim, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/. CF. <er>Claim</er>.]</ety>

<def>The first day of each month in the ancient Roman

calendar.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>kalends</asp>.]</altsp>



<cs><col>The Greek calends</col>, <cd>a time that will never

come, as the Greeks had no calends.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Ca*len"du*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. L. <ets>calendae</ets> calends.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A genus of composite herbaceous plants. One species,

<spn>Calendula officinalis</spn>, is the common marigold, and was

supposed to blossom on the calends of every month, whence the

name.</def>



<hw>Ca*len"du*lin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A gummy or mucilaginous tasteless

substance obtained from the marigold or calendula, and analogous

to bassorin.</def>



<hw>Cal"en*ture</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>calenture</ets>, fr. Sp. <ets>calenture</ets> heat, fever,

fr. <ets>calentar</ets> to heat, fr. p. pr. of L. <ets>calere to

be warm</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A name formerly

given to various fevers occuring in tropics; esp. to a form of

furious delirium accompanied by fever, among sailors, which

sometimes led the affected person to imagine the sea to be a

green field, and to throw himself into it.</def>



<hw>Cal"en*ture</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To see as in the

delirium of one affected with calenture.</def>

<mark>[Poetic]</mark>



<q>Hath fed on pageants floating through the air

Or <qex>calentures</qex> in depths of limpid flood.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<hw>Ca*les"cence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>calescens</ets>, <ets>p</ets>.<ets>pr</ets>. <ets>of

calescere</ets>, incho. of <ets>calere</ets> to be warm.]</ety>

<def>Growing warmth; increasing heat.</def>



<hw>Calf</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Calves</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[OE. <ets>calf</ets>,

<ets>kelf</ets>, AS. <ets>cealf</ets>; akin to D.

<ets>kalf</ets>, G. <ets>kalb</ets>, Icel. <ets>k\'belfr</ets>,

Sw. <ets>kalf</ets>, Dan. <ets>kalv</ets>, Goth.

<ets>kalb\'d3</ets>; cf. Skr. <ets>garbha</ets> fetus, young, Gr.

<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/, Skr <ets>grabh</ets> to seize, conceive, Ir.

<ets>colpa</ets>, <ets>colpach</ets>, a calf. \'fb222.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The young of the cow, or of the Bovine family of

quadrupeds. Also, the young of some other mammals, as of the

elephant, rhinoceros, hippopotamus, and whale.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Leather made of the skin of the calf;

especially, a fine, light-colored leather used in bookbinding;

<as>as, to bind books in <ex>calf</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An awkward or silly boy or young man; any silly

person; a dolt.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<q>Some silly, doting, brainless <qex>calf</qex>.</q>

<qau>Drayton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A small island near a larger; <as>as, the

<ex>Calf</ex> of Man</as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A small mass of ice set free from the submerged

part of a glacier or berg, and rising to the surface.</def>



<au>Kane.</au>



<sn>6.</sn> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>k\'belfi</ets>.]</ety> <def>The

fleshy hinder part of the leg below the knee.</def>



<cs><col>Calf's-foot jelly</col>, <cd>jelly made from the feet of

calves. The gelatinous matter of the feet is extracted by

boiling, and is flavored with sugar, essences, etc.</cd></cs>



<hw>Calf"skin`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The hide or

skin of a calf; or leather made of the skin.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ca"li</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Hindoo

Myth.)</fld> <def>The tenth avatar or incarnation of the god

Vishnu.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Kali</asp>.]</altsp>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cal"i*ber</hw>, <hw>Cal"ibre</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>calibre</ets>, perh.

fr. L. <ets>qualibra</ets> of what pound, of what weight; hence,

of what size, applied first to a ball or bullet; cf. also Ar.

<ets>q\'belib</ets> model, mold. Cf. <er>Calipers</er>,

<er>Calivere</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Gunnery)</fld> <def>The diameter of the bore,

as a cannon or other firearm, or of any tube; or the weight or

size of the projectile which a firearm will carry; <as>as, an 8

inch gun, a 12-pounder, a 44 <ex>caliber</ex></as>.</def>



<q>The <qex>caliber</qex> of empty tubes.</q>

<qau>Reid.</qau>



<q>A battery composed of three guns of small

<qex>caliber</qex>.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<note><hand/ The <xex>caliber</xex> of firearms is expressed in

various ways. Cannon are often designated by the weight of a

solid spherical shot that will fit the bore; as, a 12-pounder;

pieces of ordnance that project shell or hollow shot are

designated by the diameter of their bore; as, a 12 inch mortar or

a 14 inch shell gun; small arms are designated by hundredths of

an inch expressed decimally; as, a rifle of .44 inch

<xex>caliber</xex>.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The diameter of round or cylindrical body, as of

a bullet or column.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Fig.: Capacity or compass of mind.</def>



<au>Burke.</au>



<cs><col>Caliber compasses</col>. <cd>See <er>Calipers</er>.</cd>

-- <col>Caliber rule</col>, <cd>a gunner's calipers, an

instrument having two scales arranged to determine a ball's

weight from its diameter, and conversely.</cd> -- <col>A ship's

caliber</col>, <cd>the weight of her armament.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cal"i*brate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To

ascertain the caliber of, as of a thermometer tube; also, more

generally, to determine or rectify the graduation of, as of the

various standards or graduated instruments.</def>



<hw>Cal`ibra"*tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

process of estimating the caliber a tube, as of a thermometer

tube, in order to graduate it to a scale of degrees; also, more

generally, the determination of the true value of the spaces in

any graduated instrument.</def>



<hw>Cal"ice</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Calice</er>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Chalice</er>.</def>



<hw>Cal"i*cle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>caliculus</ets> a small cup, dim. of <ets>calicis</ets>, a

cup. Cf <er>Calycle</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of the small cuplike cavities, often with

elevated borders, covering the surface of most corals. Each is

formed by a polyp. <sd>(b)</sd> One of the cuplike structures

inclosing the zooids of certain hydroids. See

<er>Campanularian</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>calycle</asp>. See <er>Calycle</er>.]</altsp>



<hw>Cal"i*co</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Calicoes</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[So called because

first imported from <ets>Calicut</ets>, in the East Indies: cf.

F. <ets>calicot</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Plain white cloth

made from cotton, but which receives distinctive names according

to quality and use, <as>as, super <ex>calicoes</ex>, shirting

<ex>calicoes</ex>, unbleached <ex>calicoes</ex>, etc.</as></def>

<mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<q>The importation of printed or stained <qex>colicoes</qex>

appears to have been coeval with the establishment of the East

India Company</q>.

<qau>Beck (Draper's Dict. ).</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Cotton cloth printed with a figured

pattern.</def>



<note><hand/ In the United States the term <xex>calico</xex> is

applied only to the printed fabric.</note>



<cs><col>Calico bass</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an edible,

fresh-water fish (<spn>Pomoxys sparaides</spn>) of the rivers and

lake of the Western United States (esp. of the Misissippi

valley.), allied to the sunfishes, and so called from its

variegated colors; -- called also <altname>calicoback</altname>,

<altname>grass bass</altname>, <altname>strawberry

bass</altname>, <altname>barfish</altname>, and

<altname>bitterhead</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Calico

printing</col>, <cd>the art or process of impressing the figured

patterns on calico.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cal"i*co</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Made of, or

having the apperance of, calico; -- often applied to an animal,

as a horse or cat, on whose body are large patches of a color

strikingly different from its main color.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U.

S.]</mark>



<hw>Cal"i*co*back`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The calico bass.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>An hemipterous insect (<spn>Murgantia

histrionica</spn>) which injures the cabbage and other garden

plants; -- called also <altname>calico bug</altname> and

<altname>harlequin cabbage bug</altname>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ca*lic"u*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<hw>Ca*lic"u*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Relating to, or resembling, a cup; also improperly used for

<xex>calycular</xex>, <xex>calyculate</xex>.</def>



<hw>Cal"id</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>calidus</ets>, fr. <ets>calere</ets> to be hot.]</ety>

<def>Hot; burning; ardent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Ca*lid"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Heat.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Cal"i*duct</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Caloriduct</er>.]</ety> <def>A pipe or duct used to convey

hot air or steam.</def>



<q>Subterranean <qex>caliducts</qex> have been introduced.</q>

<qau>Evelyn.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ca"lif</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>,

<hw>Cal"i*fate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>, etc.

<def>Same as <er>Caliph</er>, <er>Caliphate</er>, etc.</def>



<hw>Cal`i*for"ni*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to California.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> A

native or inhabitant of California.</def></def2>



<hw>Cal`i*ga"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>caligatio</ets>, fr. <ets>caligare</ets> to emit vapor, to

be dark, from <ets>caligo</ets> mist, darkness.]</ety>

<def>Dimness; cloudiness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Ca*lig`i*nos"ity</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>caliginosus</ets> dark. See <er>Caligation</er>.]</ety>

<def>Darkness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>G. Eliot.</au>



<hw>Ca*lig"i*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>caliginosus</ets>; cf. F. <ets>caligineux</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Affected with darkness or dimness; dark; obscure.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Blount.</au>



<q>The <qex>caliginous</qex> regions of the air.</q>

<qau>Hallywell.</qau>



-- <wordforms><wf>Ca*lig"i*nous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Ca*lig"i*nous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>\'d8Ca*li"go</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

darkness.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Dimness or obscurity of

sight, dependent upon a speck on the cornea; also, the speck

itself.</def>



<hw>Cal`i*graph"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See

<er>Calligraphic</er>.</def>



<hw>Ca*lig"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Caligraphy</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ca"lin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.

Malay <ets>kelany</ets> tin, or fr. <ets>Kala'a</ets>, a town in

India, fr. which it came.]</ety> <def>An alloy of lead and tin,

of which the Chinese make tea canisters.</def>



<hw>Cal`i*pash"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>carapace</ets>, Sp. <ets>carapacho</ets>. Cf

<er>Calarash</er>, <er>Carapace</er>.]</ety> <def>A part of a

turtle which is next to the upper shell. It contains a fatty and

gelatinous substance of a dull greenish tinge, much esteemed as a

delicacy in preparations of turtle.</def>



<hw>Cal"i*pee</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Calipash</er>]</ety> <def>A part of a turtle which is

attached to the lower shell. It contains a fatty and gelatinous

substance of a light yellowish color, much esteemed as a

delicacy.</def>



<au>Thackeray.</au>



<hw>Cal"i*pers</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[Corrupted from <ets>caliber</ets>.]</ety> <def>An

instrument, usually resembling a pair of dividers or compasses

with curved legs, for measuring the diameter or thickness of

bodies, as of work shaped in a lathe or planer, timber, masts,

shot, etc.; or the bore of firearms, tubes, etc.; -- called also

<altname>caliper compasses</altname>, or <altname>caliber

compasses</altname>.</def>



<cs><col>Caliper square</col>, <cd>a draughtsman's or mechanic's

square, having a graduated bar and adjustable jaw or jaws.

<xex>Knight<xex>.</cd> -- <col>Vernier calipers</col>. <cd>See

<er>Vernier</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ca"liph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>caliphe</ets>, <ets>califfe</ets>, F. <ets>calife</ets> (cf.

Sp. <ets>califa</ets>), fr. Ar. <ets>khal\'c6fan</ets> successor,

fr. <ets>khalafa</ets> to succed.]</ety> <def>Successor or vicar;

-- a title of the successors of Mohammed both as temporal and

spiritual rulers, now used by the sultans of Turkey,</def>

<altsp>[Writting also <asp>calif</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Cal"i*phate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>califat</ets>.]</ety> <def>The office, dignity, or

government of a caliph or of the caliphs.</def>



<hw>Ca*lip"pic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Calippus, an Athenian astronomer.</def>



<cs><col>Calippic period</col>, <cd>a period of seventy-six

years, proposed by Calippus, as an improvement on the Metonic

cycle, since the 6940 days of the Metonic cycle exceeded 19 years

by about a quarter of a day, and exceeded 235 lunations by

something more.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cal`i*sa"ya bark</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A valuable kind of

Peruvian bark obtained from the <xex>Cinchona Calisaya</xex>, and

other closely related species.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cal`is*the"ne*um</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.]</ety>

<def>A gymnasium; esp. one for light physical exercise by women

and children.</def>



<hw>Cal`is*then"is</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ beautiful + <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ strength.]</ety>

<def>Of or pertaining to calisthenics.</def>



<hw>Cal`is*then"ics</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

science, art, or practice of healthful exercise of the body and

limbs, to promote strength and gracefulness; light

gymnastics.</def>



<hw>Cal"i*ver</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Corrupted

fr. <ets>caliber</ets>.]</ety> <def>An early form of hand gun,

variety of the arquebus; originally a gun having a regular size

of bore.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ca"lix</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.]</ety>

<def>A cup. See <er>Calyx</er>.</def>



<hw>Calk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. &p. p.</pos> <er>Calked</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Calking</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[Either corrupted fr. F. <ets>calfater</ets> (cf. Pg.

<ets>calafetar</ets>, Sp. <ets>calafetear</ets>), fr. Ar.

<ets>qalafa</ets> to fill up crevices with the fibers of palm

tree or moss; or fr. OE. <ets>cauken</ets> to tred, through the

French fr. L. <ets>calcare</ets>, fr. <ets>calx</ets> heel. Cf.

<er>Calk</er> to copy, <ets>Inculcate</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To drive tarred oakum into the seams between the planks of

(a ship, boat, etc.), to prevent leaking. The calking is

completed by smearing the seams with melted pitch.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make an indentation in the edge of a metal

plate, as along a seam in a steam boiler or an iron ship, to

force the edge of the upper plate hard against the lower and so

fill the crevice.</def>



<hw>Calk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<ety>[E.<ets>calquer</ets> to trace, It. <ets>caicare</ets> to

trace, to trample, fr. L. <ets>calcare</ets> to trample, fr.

<ets>calx</ets> heel. Cf. <er>Calcarate</er>.]</ety> <def>To

copy, as a drawing, by rubbing the back of it with red or black

chalk, and then passing a blunt style or needle over the lines,

so as to leave a tracing on the paper or other thing against

which it is laid or held.</def> <altsp>[Writting also

<asp>calque</asp>]</altsp>



<-- p. 205 -->



<hw>Calk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. AS

<ets>calc</ets> shoe, hoof, L. <ets>calx</ets>,

<ets>calcis</ets>, hel, <ets>c\'84lcar</ets>, spur.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A sharp-pointed piece or iron or steel

projecting downward on the shoe of a nore or an ox, to prevent

the animal from slipping; -- called also

<altname>calker</altname>, <altname>calkin</altname>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An instrument with sharp points, worn on the

sole of a shoe or boot, to prevent slipping.</def>



<hw>Calk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

furnish with calks, to prevent slipping on ice; <as>as, to

<ex>calk</ex> the shoes of a horse or an ox</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To wound with a calk; as when a horse injures a

leg or a foot with a calk on one of the other feet.</def>



<hw>Calk"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

who calks.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A calk on a shoe. See <er>Calk</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, 1.</def>



<hw>Calk"in</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A calk on a

shoe. See <er>Calk</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 1.</def>



<hw>Calk"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act or

process of making seems tight, as in ships, or of furnishing with

calks, as a shoe, or copying, as a drawing.</def>



<cs><col>Calking iron</col>, <cd>a tool like a chisel, used in

calking ships, tightening seams in ironwork, etc.</cd></cs>



<q>Their left hand does the <qex>calking iron</qex> guide.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Call</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp.& p. p.</pos> <er>Called</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. r. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Calling</er>]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>callen</ets>, AS. <ets>ceallin</ets>; akin to Icel & Sw.

<ets>kalla</ets>, Dan. <ets>kalde</ets>, D. <ets>kallen</ets> to

talk, prate, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ to speak, sing, Skr.

<ets>gar</ets> to praise. Cf. <er>Garrulous</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To command or request to come or be present; to

summon; <as>as, to <ex>call</ex> a servant</as>.</def>



<q><qex>Call</qex> hither Clifford; bid him come amain</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To summon to the discharge of a particular duty;

to designate for an office, or employment, especially of a

religious character; -- often used of a divine summons; <as>as,

to be <ex>called</ex> to the ministry</as>; sometimes, to invite;

<as>as, to <ex>call</ex> a minister to be the pastor of a

church</as>.</def>



<q>Paul . . . <qex>called</qex> to be an apostle</q>

<qau>Rom. i. 1.</qau>



<q>The Holy Ghost said, Separate me Barnabas and Saul for the

work whereunto I have <qex>called</qex> them.</q>

<qau>Acts xiii. 2.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To invite or command to meet; to convoke; --

often with <xex>together</xex>; <as>as, the President

<ex>called</ex> Congress together</as>; to appoint and summon;

<as>as, to <ex>call</ex> a meeting of the Board of

Aldermen</as>.</def>



<q>Now <qex>call</qex> we our high court of Parliament.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To give name to; to name; to address, or speak

of, by a specifed name.</def>



<q>If you would but <qex>call</qex> me Rosalind.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>And God <qex>called</qex> the light Day, and the darkness he

<qex>called</qex> Night.</q>

<qau>Gen. i. 5.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To regard or characterize as of a certain kind;

to denominate; to designate.</def>



<q>What God hath cleansed, that <qex>call</qex> not thou

common.</q>

<qau>Acts x. 15.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To state, or estimate, approximately or loosely;

to characterize without strict regard to fact; <as>as, they

<ex>call</ex> the distance ten miles; he <ex>called</ex> it a

full day's work.</as></def>



<q>[The] army is <qex>called</qex> seven hundred thousand

men.</q>

<qau>Brougham.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>To show or disclose the class, character, or

nationality of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>This speech <qex>calls</qex> him Spaniard.</q>

<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>To utter in a loud or distinct voice; -- often

with <xex>off</xex>; <as>as, to <ex>call</ex>, or <ex>call

off</ex>, the items of an account; to <ex>call</ex> the roll of a

military company.</as></def>



<q>No parish clerk who <qex>calls</qex> the psalm so clear.</q>

<qau>Gay.</qau>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>To invoke; to appeal to.</def>



<q>I <qex>call</qex> God for a witness.</q>

<qau>2 Cor. i. 23 [Rev. Ver. ]</qau>



<sn>10.</sn> <def>To rouse from sleep; to awaken.</def>



<q>If thou canst awake by four o' the clock.

I prithee <qex>call</qex> me. Sleep hath seized me wholly.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>To call a bond</col>, <cd>to give notice that the amount

of the bond will be paid.</cd> -- <col>To call a party</col>

<cd><fld>(Law)</fld>, to cry aloud his name in open court, and

command him to come in and perform some duty requiring his

presence at the time on pain of what may befall him.</cd> --

<col>To call back</col>, <cd>to revoke or retract; to recall; to

summon back.</cd> -- <col>To call down</col>, <cd>to pray for, as

blessing or curses.</cd> -- <col>To call forth</col>, <cd>to

bring or summon to action; as, <xex>to call forth</xex> all the

faculties of the mind.</cd> -- <col>To call in</col>,

<cd><sd>(a)</sd> To collect; as, <xex>to call in</xex> debts or

money; ar to withdraw from cirulation; as, <xex>to call in</xex>

uncurrent coin. <sd>(b)</sd> To summon to one's side; to invite

to come together; as, <xex>to call in</xex> neighbors.</cd> --

<col>To call (any one) names</col>, <cd>to apply contemptuous

names (to any one).</cd> -- <col>To call off</col>, <cd>to summon

away; to divert; as, <xex>to call off</xex> the attention;

<xex>to call off</xex> workmen from their employment.</cd> --

<col>To call out</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> To summon to fight; to

challenge. <sd>(b)</sd> To summon into service; as, <xex>to call

out</xex> the militia.</cd> -- <col>To call over</col>, <cd>to

recite separate particulars in order, as a roll of names.</cd> --

<col>To call to account</col>, <cd>to demand explanation of.</cd>

-- <col>To call to mind</col>, <cd>to recollect; to revive in

memory.</cd> -- <col>To call to order</col>, <cd>to request to

come to order; as: <sd>(a)</sd> A public meeting, when opening it

for business. <sd>(b)</sd> A person, when he is transgressing the

rules of debate.</cd> -- <col>To call to the bar</col>, <cd>to

admit to practice in courts of law.</cd> -- <col>To call

up</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> To bring into view or recollection; as

<xex>to call up</xex> the image of deceased friend. <sd>(b)</sd>

To bring into action or discussion; to demand the consideration

of; as, <xex>to call up</xex> a bill before a legislative body.



<syn>Syn. -- To name; denominate; invite; bid; summon; convoke;

assemble; collect; exhort; warn; proclaim; invoke; appeal to;

designate.</syn> <usage> <er>To Call</er>, <er>Convoke</er>,

<er>Summon</er>. <xex>Call</xex> is the generic term; as, to

<xex>call</xex> a public meeting. To <xex>convoke</xex> is to

require the assembling of some organized body of men by an act of

authority; as, the king <xex>convoked</xex> Parliament. To

<xex>summon</xex> is to require attendance by an act more or less

stringent anthority; as, to <xex>summon</xex> a witness.</usage>



<hw>Call</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To speak in loud

voice; to cry out; to address by name; -- sometimes with

<xex>to</xex>.</def>



<q>You must <qex>call</qex> to the nurse.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>The angel of God <qex>called</qex> to Hagar.</q>

<qau>Gen. xxi. 17.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make a demand, requirement, or request.</def>



<q>They <qex>called</qex> for rooms, and he showed them one.</q>

<qau>Bunyan.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To make a brief visit; also, to stop at some

place designated, as for orders.</def>



<q>He ordered her to <qex>call</qex> at the house once a

week.</q>

<qau>Temple.</cd></qau>



<cs><col>To call for</col> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To demand; to

require; <as>as, a crime <ex>calls for<ex> punishment; a survey,

grant, or deed <ex>calls for<ex> the metes and bounds, or the

quantity of land, etc., which it describes</as>.</cd>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To give an order for; to request.</cd> 

\'bdWhenever the coach stopped, the sailor <xex>called for<xex>

more ale.\'b8 <au>Marryat</au>. -- <mcol><col>To call on</col>,

<col>To call upon</col></mcol>, <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To make a short

visit to; <as>as, <ex>call on<ex> a friend</as>.</cd>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To appeal to; to invite; to request earnestly;

<as>as, <ex>to call upon<ex> a person to make a speech</as>.</cd>

<sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To solicit payment, or make a demand, of a

debt.</cd> <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To invoke or play to; to worship;

<as>as, <ex>to call upon<ex> God</as>.</cd> -- <col>To call

out</col> <cd>To call or utter loudly; to brawl.</cd></cs>



<hw>Call</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

act of calling; -- usually with the voice, but often otherwise,

as by signs, the sound of some instrument, or by writing; a

summons; an entreaty; an invitation; <as>as, a <ex>call</ex> for

help; the bugle's <ex>call</ex>.</as></def> \'bd<xex>Call</xex>

of the trumpet.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>I rose as at thy <qex>call</qex>, but found thee not.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A signal, as on a drum, bugle, trumpet, or pipe,

to summon soldiers or sailors to duty.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>An invitation to take charge

of or serve a church as its pastor.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A requirement or appeal arising from the

circumstances of the case; a moral requirement or appeal.</def>



<q>Dependence is a perpetual <qex>call</qex> upon hummanity.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<q>Running into danger without any <qex>call</qex> of duty.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A divine vocation or summons.</def>



<q>St. Paul himself believed he did well, and that he had a

<qex>call</qex> to it, when he persecuted the Christians.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Vocation; employment. <note>[In this sense,

<xex>calling</xex> is generally used.]</note></def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>A short visit; <as>as, to make a <ex>call</ex>

on a neighbor</as>; also, the daily coming of a tradesman to

solicit orders.</def>



<q>The baker's punctual <qex>call</qex>.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Hunting)</fld> <def>A note blown on the horn to

encourage the hounds.</def>



<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A whistle or pipe, used by

the boatswain and his mate, to summon the sailors to duty.</def>



<sn>10.</sn> <fld>(Fowling)</fld> <def>The cry of a bird; also a

noise or cry in imitation of a bird; or a pipe to call birds by

imitating their note or cry.</def>



<sn>11.</sn> <fld>(Amer. Land Law)</fld> <def>A reference to, or

statement of, an object, course, distance, or other matter of

description in a survey or grant reguiring or calling for a

carresponding object, etc., on the land.</def>



<sn>12.</sn> <def>The privilege to demand the delivery of stock,

grain, or any commodity, at a fixed, price, at or within a

certain time agreed on.</def> <mark>[Brokers' Cant]</mark>



<sn>13.</sn> <def>See <er>Assessment</er>, 4.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>At call</col>, <or/ <col>On call</col></mcol>,

<cd>liable to be demanded at any moment without previous notice;

as money on deposit.</cd> -- <col>Call bird</col>, <cd>a bird

taught to allure others into a snare.</cd> -- <col>Call boy</col>

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A boy who calls the actors in a theater; a boy

who transmits the orders of the captain of a vessel to the

engineer, helmsman, etc.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A waiting boy who

answers a cal, or cames at the ringing of a bell; a bell

boy.</cd> -- <col>Call note</col>, <cd>the note naturally used by

the male bird to call the female. It is artifically applied by

birdcatchers as a decoy. <au>Latham</au>.</cd> -- <col>Call of

the house</col> <fld>(Legislative Bodies)</fld>, <cd>a calling

over the names of members, to discover who is absent, or for

other purposes; a calling of names with a view to obtaining the

ayes and noes from the persons named.</cd> -- <col>Call to the

bar</col>, <cd>admission to practice in the courts.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cal"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Linn\'91us

derived <ets>Calla</ets> fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ a cock's

wattes but cf. L. <ets>calla</ets>, <ets>calsa</ets>, name of an

unknown plant, and Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ beautiful.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants, of the order

<xex>Arace\'91</xex>.</def>



<note><hand/ The common <xex>Calla</xex> of cultivation is

<spn>Richardia Africana</spn>, belonging to another genus of the

same order. Its large spathe is pure white, surrounding a fleshy

spike, which is covered with minute apetalous flowers.</note>



<hw>Cal"lat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Callet</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A <qex>callat</qex> of boundless tongue.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Calle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Caul</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of head covering; a caul.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Call"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

calls.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cal"ler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<mark>[Scot.]</mark> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Cool; refreshing; fresh;

<as>as, a <ex>caller</ex> day; the <ex>caller</ex>

air.</as></def>



<au>Jamieson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fresh; in good condition; <as>as,

<ex>caller</ex> berrings</as>.</def>



<hw>Cal"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Ir. &

Gael. <ets>caile</ets> a country woman, strumpet.]</ety> <def>A

trull or prostitute; a scold or gossip.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>callat</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Cal"let</hw> <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To rail or scold.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Brathwait.</au>



<hw>Cal"lid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>callidus</ets>, fr. <ets>callere</ets> to be thick-skinned,

to be hardened, to be practiced, fr. <ets>callum</ets>,

<ets>callus</ets>, callous skin, callosity, callousness.]</ety>

<def>Characterized by cunning or shrewdness; crafty.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Cal*lid"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>calliditas</ets>.]</ety> <def>Acuteness of discernment;

cunningness; shrewdness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Her eagly-eyed <qex>callidity</qex>.</q>

<qau>C. Smart.</qau>



<hw>Cal*lig"ra*pher</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

skilled in calligraphy; a good penman.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cal`li*graph"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Cal`li*graph"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>,

<ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/; pref.

<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/- (fr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ beautiful) +

<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ to write; cf. F.

<ets>calligraphique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to

calligraphy.</def>



<q>Excellence in the <qex>calligraphic</qex> act.</q>

<qau>T. Warton.</qau>



<hw>Cal*lig"ra*phist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

calligrapher</def>



<hw>Cal*lig"ra*phy</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/: cf. F.

<ets>calligraphie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Fair or elegant

penmanship.</def>



<hw>Call"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of one who calls; a crying aloud, esp. in order to

summon, or to attact the attention of, some one.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A summoning or convocation, as of

Parliament.</def>



<q>The frequent <qex>calling</qex> and meeting of Parlaiment.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A divine summons or invitation; also, the state

of being divinely called.</def>



<q>Who hath . . . called us with an holy <qex>calling</qex>.</q>

<qau>2 Tim. i. 9.</qau>



<q>Give diligence to make yior <qex>calling</qex> . . . sure.</q>

<qau>2 Pet. i. 10.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A naming, or inviting; a reading over or

reciting in order, or a call of names with a view to obtaining an

answer, as in legislative bodies.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>One's usual occupation, or employment; vocation;

business; trade.</def>



<q>The humble <qex>calling</qex> of ter female parent.</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>The persons, collectively, engaged in any

particular professions or employment.</def>



<q>To impose celibacy on wholy <qex>callings</qex>.</q>

<qau>Hammond.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Title; appellation; name.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>I am more proud to be Sir Rowland's son

His youngest son, and would not change that

<qex>calling</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Occupation; employment; business; trade; profession;

office; engagement; vocation.</syn>



<hw>Cal*li"o*pe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Calliope</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/, lit, the

beautiful-voiced; pref. <grk>kalli-</grk> (from <grk>kallos</grk>

beautiful) +<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/<?/, voice.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>The Muse that presides over

eloquence and heroic poetry; mother of Orpheus, and chief of the

nine Muses.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>One of the astreids. See

<er>Solar</er>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A musical instrument consisting of series of

steam whistles, toned to the notes of the scale, and played by

keys arranged like those of an organ. It is sometimes attached to

steamboat boilers.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A beautuful species of

humming bird (<spn>Stellula Calliope</spn>) of California and

adjacent regions.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cal`li*op"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. pref. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/- (ir. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ beautiful) +

<?/<?/<?/<?/ appearance.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A popular

name given to a few species of the genus <spn>Careopsis</spn>,

especially to <spn>C. tinctoria</spn> of Arkansas.</def>



<hw>Cal`li*pash"</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Calipash</er>.</def>



<hw>Cal`li*pee"</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Calipee</er>.</def>



<hw>Cal`li*pers</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>See

Calipers.</def>



<hw>Cal`li*sec"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>callere</ets> to be insensible + E.

<ets>section</ets>.]</ety> <def>Painless vivisection; -- opposed

to <xex>sentisection</xex>.</def>



<au>B. G. Wilder.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cal`lis*then"ic</hw>, <pos>a.</pos>,

<hw>Cal`lis*then"ics</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> }</mhw>

<def>See <er>Calisthenic</er>, <er>Calisthenics</er>.</def>



<hw>Cal"li*thump`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

somewhat riotous parade, accompanied with the blowing of tin

horus, and other discordant noises; also, a burlesque serenade; a

charivari.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>



<hw>Cal`li*thump"i*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of,

pertaining to, or resembling, a callithump.</def> <mark>[U.

S.]</mark>



<hw>Cal*lo"san</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of the callosum.</def>



<hw>Cal"lose</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Callous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Furnished with

protuberant or hardened spots.</def>



<hw>Cal*los"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Callosities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L.

<ets>callasitas</ets>; cf. F. <ets>calost\'82</ets>.]</ety>

<def>A hard or thickened spot or protuberance; a hardening and

thickening of the skin or bark of a part, eps. as a result of

continued pressure or friction.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cal*lo"sum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. <ets>callosus</ets> callous, hard.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>The great band commissural fibers which unites the two

cerebral hemispheres. See <cref>corpus callosum</cref>, under

<er>Carpus</er>.</def>



<hw>Cal"lot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A plant coif or

skullcap. Same as <er>Calotte</er>.</def>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Cal"lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>callosus</ets> callous hard, fr. <ets>callum</ets>,

<ets>callus</ets>, callous skin: cf. F.

<ets>calleux</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Hardenes;

indurated.</def>  \'bdA <xex>callous</xex> hand.\'b8

<au>Goldsmith</au>. \'bdA <xex>callous</xex> ulcer.\'b8

<au>Dunglison</au>.



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hardened in mind; insensible; unfeeling;

unsusceptible.</def> \'bdThe <xex>callous</xex> diplomatist.\'b8



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<q>It is an immense blessing to be perfectly <qex>callous</qex>

to ridicule.</q>

<qau>T. Arnold.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Obdurate; hard; hardened; indurated; insensible;

unfeeling; unsusceptible. See <er>Obdurate</er>.</syn>



-- <wordforms><wf>Cal"lous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Cal"lous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<q>A <qex>callousness</qex> and numbness of soul.</q>

<qau>Bentley.</qau>



<hw>Cal"low</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>calewe</ets>, <ets>calu</ets>, bald, AS. <ets>calu</ets>;

akin to D. <ets>kaal</ets>, OHG. <ets>chalo</ets>, G.

<ets>Kuhl</ets>; cf. L. <ets>calvus</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Destitute of feathers; naked; unfledged.</def>



<q>An in the leafy summit, spied a nest,

Which, o'er the <qex>callow</qex> young, a sparrow pressed.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Immature; boyish; \'bdgreen\'b8; <as>as, a

<ex>callow</ex> youth</as>.</def>



<q>I perceive by this, thou art but a <qex>callow</qex> maid.</q>

<qau>Old Play [1675].</qau>



<hw>Cal*low"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <ety>[Named from its note.]</ety> <def>A

kind of duck. See <er>Old squaw</er>.</def>



<hw>Cal"lus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. See

<er>Callous</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>Same as <er>Callosity</er></def>. <sd>(b </sd>

<def>The material of repair in fractures of bone; a substance

exuded at the site of fracture, which is at first soft or

cartilaginous in consistence, but is ultimately converted into

true bone and unites the fragments into a single piece.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Hort.)</fld> <def>The new formation over the

end of a cutting, before it puts out rootlets.</def>



<hw>Calm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>calme</ets>, F. <ets>calme</ets>, fr. It. or Sp.

<ets>calma</ets> (cf. Pg. <ets>calma</ets> heat), prob. fr. LL.

<ets>cauma</ets> heat, fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ burning heat, fr.

<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ to burn; either because during a great heat

there is generally also a calm, or because the hot time of the

day obliges us seek for shade and quiet; cf.

<er>Caustic</er>]</ety> <def>Freodom from motion, agitation, or

disturbance; a cessation or abeence of that which causes motion

or disturbance, as of winds or waves; tranquility; stilness;

quiet; serenity.</def>



<q>The wind ceased, and there was a great <qex>calm</qex>.</q>

<qau>Mark. iv. 39.</qau>



<q>A <qex>calm</qex> before a storm is commonly a peace of a

man's own making.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<hw>Calm</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Calmed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Calming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>calmer</ets>.

See <er>Calm</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make

calm; to render still or quet, as elements; <as>as, <ex>to

calm</ex> the winds</as>.</def>



<q>To <qex>calm</qex> the tempest raised by Eolus.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To deliver from agitation or excitement; to

still or soothe, as the mind or passions.</def>



<q>Passions which seem somewhat <qex>calmed</qex>.</q>

<qau><?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To still; quiet; appease; ally; pacigy; tranquilize;

soothe; compose; assuage; check; restrain.</syn>



<hw>Calm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>compar.</pos> <er>Calmer</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>super.</pos> <er>Calmest</er> <pr>(?)</pr>]</wordforms>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Not stormy; without motion, as of winds or

waves; still; quiet; serene; undisturbed.</def>

\'bd<xex>Calm</xex> was the day.\'b8



<au>Spenser.</au>



<q>Now all is <qex>calm</qex>, and fresh, and still.</q>

<qau>Bryant.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Undisturbed by passion or emotion; not agitated

or excited; tranquil; quiet in act or speech.</def> 

\'bd<xex>Calm</xex> and sinless peace.\'b8 <au>Milton</au>.

\'bdWith <xex>calm</xex> attention.\'b8 <au>Pope</au>.



<q>Such <qex>calm</qex> old age as conscience pure

And self-commanding hearts ensure.</q>

<qau>Keble.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Still; quiet; undisturbed; tranquil; peaceful;

serene; composed; unruffled; sedate; collected; placid.</syn>



<hw>Calm"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, makes calm.</def>



<hw>Calm"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a calm

manner.</def>



<q>The gentle stream which <qex>calmly</qex> flows.</q>

<qau>Denham.</qau>



<hw>Calm"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of quality of

being calm; quietness; tranquillity; self-repose.</def>



<q>The gentle <qex>calmness</qex> of the flood.</q>

<qau>Denham.</qau>



<q>Hes <qex>calmness</qex> was the repose of conscious power.</q>

<qau>E. Everett.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Quietness; quietude; stillness; tranquillity;

serenity; repose; composure; sedateness; placidity.</syn>



<hw>Cal"mucks</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos><def>;

<xex>sing</xex>. <er>Calmuck</er>. A branch of the Mongolian race

inbabiting parts of the Russian and Chinese empires; also

(<xex>sing</xex>.), the language of the Calmucks.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>Kalmucks</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Calm"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Fr.

<er>Calm</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>Tranquil; peaceful;

calm.</def> <mark>[Poet.]</mark> \'bdA still and <xex>calmy</xex>

day\'b8



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Cal"o*mel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ beautuful + <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ black. So called from

its being white, though made from a black mixture of mercury and

corrosive sublimate. Cf. F. <ets>calom\'82las</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Mild chloride of mercury, Hg<?/Cl<?/, a

heavy, white or yellowish white substance, insoluble and

tastelles, much used in medichine as a mercurial and purgative;

mercurous chloride. It occurs native as the mineral born

quicksiver.</def>



<hw>Cal`o*res"cence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>calor</ets> heat.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The

conversion of obscure radiant heat info kight; the transmutation

of rays of heat into others of higher refrangibility.</def>



<au>Tyndall.</au>



<hw>Ca*lor"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>calor</ets> heat; cf. F. <ets>calorique</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The principle of heat, or the agent to

which the phenomena of heat and combustion were formerly

ascribed; -- not now used in scientific nomenclature, but

sometimes used as a general term for heat.</def>



<q><qex>Caloric</qex> expands all bodies.</q>

<qau>Henry.</qau>



<hw>Ca*lor"ic</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to

caloric.</def>



<cs><col>Caloric engine</col>, <cd>a kind of engine operated

air.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cal`o*ric"ity</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A faculty in animals of developing and

preserving the heat nesessary to life, that is, the animal

heat.</def>



<hw>Ca*lor"i*duct</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>calor</ets> heat (fr. <ets>calere</ets> to warm) + E.

<ets>duct</ets>.]</ety> <def>A tube or duct for conducting heat;

a caliduct.</def>



<hw>Cal"o*rie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L.

<ets>calor</ets> heat.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The unit

of heat according to the Frensc standard; the amount of heat

requires to raise the temperature of one kilogram (sometimes, one

gram) of water one degree centigrade, or from 0<?/ to 1<?/.

Compfre the English standart unit. <xex>Foot pound</xex>.</def>



<hw>Ca*lor`i*fa"cient</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>See <er>Calorificient</er>.</def>



<hw>Ca*lor"i*fere</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>calorif\'8are</ets>, fr. L. <ets>calor</ets> heat +

<ets>ferre</ets> to bear.]</ety> <def>An apparatus for conveying

and distributing heat, especially by means of hot water

circulating in tubes.</def>



<hw>Ca*lor`i*fi"ant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>See <er>Calorificient</er>.</def>



<hw>Cal`o*rif"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>calorificus</ets>; <ets>calor</ets> heat + <ets>facere</ets>

to make; cf. F. <ets>calorifique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Possessing

the quality of producing heat; heating.</def>



<cs><col>Calorific rays</col>, <cd>the invisible, heating rays

which emanate from the sum, and burning and heated

bodies.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ca*lor`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>calorification</ets>.]</ety> <def>Production of

heat, esp. animal heat.</def>



<hw>Ca*lor`i*fi"clent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Having, or relating to the power of

producing heat; -- applied to foods which, being rich in carbon,

as the fats, are supposed to give rise to heat in the animal body

by oxidation.</def>



<hw>Cal`o*rim"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>calor</ets> heat + <ets>-meter</ets>; cf. F.

<ets>calorim\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>An apparatus for measuring the amount

of heat contained in bodies or developed by some mechanical or

chemical process, as friction, chemical combination, combustion,

etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Engineering)</fld> <def>An apparatus for

measuring the proportion of unevaporated water contained in

steam.</def>



<hw>Ca*lor`i*met"ric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to process of using the calorimeter.</def>



<q>Satisfactory <qex>calorimetric</qex> results.</q>

<qau>Nichol.</qau>



<hw>Cal`o*rim"e*try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Measurement of the quantities of heat

in bodies.</def>



<hw>Ca*lor`i*mo"tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>calor</ets> heat + E. <ets>motor</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>A voltaic battery, having a large

surface of plate, and producing powerful heating effects.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Ca*lotte"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Cal"lot</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>calotte</ets>,

dim. of <ets>cale</ets> a sort of flat cap. Cf.

<er>Caul</er>.]</ety> <def>A close cap without visor or brim.

Especially: <sd>(a)</sd> Such a cap, worn by English serjeants at

law. <sd>(b)</sd> Such a cap, worn by the French cavalry under

their helmets. <sd>(c)</sd> Such a cap, worn by the clergy of the

Roman Catholic Church.</def>



<cs><col>To assume the calotte</col>, <cd>to become a

priest.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cal"o*type</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ beautiful + <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ type.]</ety>

<fld>(Photog.)</fld> <def>A method of taking photographic

pictures, on paper sensitized with iodide of silver; -- also

called <altname>Talbotype</altname>, from the inventor, Mr. Fox.

<ets>Talbot</ets>.</def>



<hw>Ca*loy"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. NGr.

<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ a monk; <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ beautiful,

good + <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/, equiv. to Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ an old

man.]</ety> <def>A monk of the Greek Church; a cenobite,

anchoret, or recluse of the rule of St. Basil, especially, one on

or near Mt. Athos.</def>



<hw>Calque</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>See 2d <er>Calk</er>,

<pos>v. t.</pos></def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cal"trop</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Cal"trap</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>calketrappe</ets>, <ets>calletrappe</ets>, caltor (in both

senses), fr. AS. <ets>collr\'91ppe</ets>, <ets>calcetreppe</ets>,

sort of thistle; cf. F. <ets>chaussetrape</ets> star thistle,

trap, It. <ets>calcatreppo</ets>, <ets>calcatreppolo</ets>, star

thistle. Perh. from L. <ets>calx</ets> heel + the same word as E.

<ets>trap</ets>. See 1st <er>Trap</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of herbaceous plants

(<spn>Tribulus</spn>) of the order <spn>Zygophylle\'91</spn>,

having a hard several-celled fruit, armed with stout spines, and

resembling the military instrument of the same name. The species

grow in warm countries, and are often very annoying to

cattle.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>An instrument with four iron

points, so disposed that, any three of them being on the ground,

the other projects upward. They are scattered on the ground where

an enemy's cavalry are to pass, to impede their progress by

endangering the horses' feet.</def>



<hw>Ca*lum"ba</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[from

<ets>kalumb</ets>, its native name in Mozambique.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The root of a plant (<spn>Jateorrhiza

Calumba</spn>, and probably <spn>Cocculus palmatus</spn>),

indigenous in Mozambique. It has an unpleasantly bitter taste,

and is used as a tonic and antiseptic.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>colombo</asp>, <asp>columbo</asp>, and

<asp>calombo</asp>.]</altsp>



<cs><col>American calumba</col>, <cd>the <spn>Frasera

Carolinensis</spn>, also called <altname>American

gentian</altname>. Its root has been used in medicine as bitter

tonic in place of <xex>calumba<xex>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ca*lum"bin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A bitter principle extracted as a white

crystalline substance from the calumba root.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>colombin</asp>, and

<asp>columbin</asp>]</altsp>



<hw>Cal"u*met</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>calumet</ets>, fr. L. <ets>calamus</ets> reed. See

<er>Halm</er>, and cf. <er>Shawm</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of

pipe, used by the North American Indians for smoking tobacco. The

bowl is usually made of soft red stone, and the tube is a long

reed often ornamented with feathers.</def>



<q>Smoked the <qex>calumet</qex>, the Peace pipe,

As a signal to the nations.</q>

<qau>Lowgfellow.</qau>



<note><hand/ The <xex>calumet</xex> is used as a symbol of peace.

To accept the calumet is to agree to terms of peace, and to

refuse it is to reject them. The calumet of peace is used to seal

or ratify contracts and alliances, and as an evidence to

strangers that they are welcome.</note>



<hw>Ca*lum"ni*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Calumniated</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>calumniating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>calumniatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>calumniari</ets>. See

<er>Calumny</er>, and cf. <er>Challenge</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>]</ety> <def>To accuse falsely and maliciously of a crime

or offense, or of something disreputable; to slander; to

libel.</def>



<q>Hatred unto the truth did always falsely report and

<qex>calumniate</qex> all godly men's doings.</q>

<qau>Strype.</qau>



<cs><col>Syn</col>. -- <cd>To asperse; slander; defame; vilify;

traduce; belie; bespatter; blacken; libel. See

<er>Asperse</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ca*lum"ni*ate</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To propagate evil

reports with a design to injure the reputation of another; to

make purposely false charges of some offense or crime.</def>



<hw>Ca*lum`ni*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>False

accusation of crime or offense, or a malicious and false

representation of the words or actions of another, with a view to

injure his good name.</def>



<q>The <qex>calumniation</qex> of her principal counselors.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<hw>Ca*lum`ni*a"tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who calumniates.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Slanderer; defamer; libeler; traducer.</syn>



<hw>Ca*lum"ni*a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Containing calumny; slanderous.</def>



<au>Montagu.</au>



<hw>Ca*lum"ni*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>calumniosus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Containing or implying

calumny; false, malicious, and injurious to reputation;

slanderous; <as>as, <ex>calumnious</ex> reports</as>.</def>



<q>Virtue itself 'scapes not <qex>calumnious</qex> strokes.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>. Slanderous; defamatory; scurrilous; opprobrious;

derogatory; libelous; abusive.<syn>



-- <wordforms><wf>Ca*lum"ni*ous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Ca*lum"ni*ous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Cal"um*ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Calumnies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L.

<ets>calumnia</ets>, fr. <ets>calvi</ets> to devise tricks,

deceive; cf. F. <ets>calomnie</ets>. Cf. <er>Challenge</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>False accusation of a crime or offense,

maliciously made or reported, to the injury of another; malicious

misrepresentation; slander; detraction.</def> \'bdInfamouse

<xex>calumnies</xex>.\'b8



<au>Motley.</au>



<q>Be thou as chaste as ice, as pure as snow, thou shalt not

escape <qex>calumny</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Cal*va"ri*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. See

<er>Calvary</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The bones of the

cranium; more especially, the bones of the domelike upper

portion.</def>



<hw>Cal"va*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>calvaria</ets> a bare skull, fr. <ets>calva</ets> the scalp

without hair. fr. <ets>calvus</ets> bald; cf. F.

<ets>calvaire</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The place where

Christ was crucified, on a small hill outside of Jerusalem.</def>



<au>Luke xxiii. 33.</au>



<note><hand/ The Latin <xex>calvaria</xex> is a translation of

the Greek <?/ of the Evangelists, which is an interpretation of

the Hebrew <xex>Golgotha</xex>.</note>



<au>Dr. W. Smith.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A representation of the crucifixion, consisting

of three crosses with the figures of Christ and the thieves,

often as large as life, and sometimes surrounded by figures of

other personages who were present at the crucifixion.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A cross, set upon three steps;

-- more properly called <xex>cross calvary</xex>.</def>



<hw>Calve</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Calved</er> 3; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Calving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS.

<ets>cealfian</ets>. See <er>Calf</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To bring forth a calf.</def> \'bdTheir cow

<xex>calveth</xex>.\'b8



<au>Job xxi. 10.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To bring forth young; to produce

offspring.</def>



<q>Canst thou mark when the hinds do <qex>calve</qex>?</q>

<qau>Job xxxix. 1.</qau>



<q>The grassy clods now <qex>calved</qex>.</q>

<qau>Molton.</qau>



<hw>Cal"ver</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To cut in slices and pickle, as salmon.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>For a change, leave <qex>calvered</qex> salmon and eat

sprats.</q>

<qau>Massinger.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To crimp; <as>as, <ex>calvered</ex>

salmon</as>.</def>



<au>Nares.</au>



<hw>Cal"ver</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To bear, or be

susceptible of, being calvered; <as>as, grayling's flesh will

<ex>calver</ex></as>.</def>



<au>Catton.</au>



<hw>Calves"*snout</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Snapdragon.</def>



<hw>Cal"vin*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>Calvinisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The theological tenets or

doctrines of John Calvin (a French theologian and reformer of the

16th century) and his followers, or of the so-called calvinistic

churches.</def>



<note><hand/ The distinguishing doctrines of this system, usually

termed the <xex>five points of Calvinism</xex>, are original sin

or total depravity, election or predestination, particular

redemption, effectual calling, and the perseverance of the

saints. It has been subject to many variations and modifications

in different churches and at various times.</note>



<hw>Cal"vin*ist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>Calviniste</ets>.]</ety> <def>A follower of Calvin; a

believer in Calvinism.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cal`vin*is"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Cal`vin*is"tic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Of or pertaining to Calvin, or Calvinism; following Calvin;

accepting or Teaching Calvinism.</def> \'bd<xex>Calvinistic</xex>

training.\'b8



<au>Lowell.</au>



<hw>Cal"vin*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

convert to Calvinism.</def>



<hw>Calv"ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a calf;

stupid.</def>



<au>Sheldon.</au>



<hw>Calx</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.

<plw>Calxes</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, L. <plw>Calces</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>Calx</ets>, <ets>calcis</ets>.

limestone; cf. Gr. <?/ gravel. <?/, <?/, pebble, Skr. <?/ gravel,

Ir. <ets>carraic</ets> rock Gael. <ets>carraig</ets>, W.

<ets>careg</ets>, stone. Cf. <er>Chalk</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Quicklime.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The substance which remains

when a metal or mineral has been subjected to calcination or

combustion by heat, and which is, or may be, reduced to a fine

powder.</def>



<note><hand/ Metallic calxes are now called

<xex>oxides</xex>.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Broken and refuse glass, returned to the

post.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ca*lyc`i*flo"ral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>cal*lyc`i*flo"rous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>calyx</ets>, <ets>-ycis</ets>, calyx +

<ets>flos</ets>, <ets>floris</ets>, flower.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the petals and stamens adnate to

the calyx; -- applied to a subclass of dicotyledonous plants in

the system of the French botanist Candolle.</def>



<hw>Ca*lyc"i*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>calyx</ets>, <ets>calycis</ets>, calyx +

<ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the form

or appearance of a calyx.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ca*lyc"i*nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Cal"y*cine</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Pertaining to a calyx; having the nature of a calyx.</def>



<hw>Cal"y*cle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.<ets>calyculus</ets> small flower bud, calyx, dim. of

<ets>calyx</ets>. See <er>Calyx</er>, and cf.

<er>Calicle</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A row of small

bracts, at the base of the calyx, on the outside.</def>



<hw>Cal"y*cled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Calyculate.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cal`y*co*zo"a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, cup or calyx a flower + <?/

animal.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of acalephs of

which <xex>Lucernaria</xex> is the type. The body is cup-shaped

with eight marginal lobes bearing clavate tentacles. An aboral

sucker serves for attachment. The interior is divided into four

large compartments. See <er>Lucernarida</er>.</def>



<hw>Ca*lyc"u*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, the bracts

of a calycle.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ca*lyc"u*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Ca*lyc"u*la`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having a set of bracts resembling a

calyx.</def>



<hw>Ca*lym"e*ne</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. (<?/)

concealed, p. p. of <?/ to conceal.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A genus of trilobites characteristic of the Silurian

age.</def>



<hw>Cal"yon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Flint or pebble

stone, used in building walls, etc.</def>



<au>Haliwell.</au>



<hw>Ca*lyp"so</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[The

Latinized Greek name of a beautiful nymph.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small and beautiful species of orchid,

having a flower variegated with purple, pink, and yellow. It

grows in cold and wet localities in the northern part of the

United States. The <spn>Calypso borealis</spn> is the only orchid

which reaches 68<deg/ N.</def>



<hw>Ca*lyp"tra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.

Gr. <?/ a covering for the head, fr. <?/ to cover.]</ety> 

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A little hood or veil, resembling an

extinguisher in form and position, covering each of the small

flaskike capsules which contain the spores of mosses; also, any

similar covering body.</def>



<hw>Ca*lyp"tri*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Calyptra</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having

the form a calyptra, or extinguisher.</def>



<hw>Ca"lyx</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.

<plw>Calyxes</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, L. <plw>Calyces</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>calyx</ets>, <ets>-ycis</ets>,

fr. Gr. <?/ husk, shell, calyx, from the root of <?/ to cover,

conceal. Cf. <er>Chalice Helmet</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The covering of a flower. See

<er>Flower</er>.</def>



<note><hand/ The <xex>calyx</xex> is usually green and

foliaceous, but becomes delicate and petaloid in such flowers as

the anemone and the four-o'clock. Each leaf of the calyx is

called a <xex>sepal</xex>.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A cuplike division of the

pelvis of the kidney, which surrounds one or more of the renal

papil\'91.</def>



<hw>Cal*zoons"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>cale\'87ons</ets> (cf. It. <ets>calzoni</ets> breeches), fr.

L. <ets>calceus</ets> shoe.]</ety> <def>Drawers.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Cam</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Dan.

<ets>kam</ets> comb, ridge; or cf. W. Gael., and Ir.,

<ets>cam</ets> bet. See 1st <er>Come</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A turning or sliding piece

which, by the shape of its periphery or face, or a groove in its

surface, imparts variable or intermittent motion to, or receives

such motion from, a rod, lever, or block brought into sliding or

rolling contact with it</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A curved wedge,

movable about an axis, used for forcing or clamping two pieces

together.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A projecting part of a wheel or

other moving piece so shaped as to give alternate or variable

motion to another piece against which its acts.</def>



<-- p. 207 -->



<note><hand/ <xex>Cams</xex> are much used in machinery involving

complicated, and irregular movements, as in the sewing machine,

pin machine, etc.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A ridge or mound of earth.</def> <mark>[Prow.

Eng.]</mark>



<au>Wright.</au>



<cs><col>Cam wheel</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a wheel with one

or more projections (cams) or depressions upon its periphery or

upon its face; one which is set or shaped eccentrically, so that

its revolutions impart a varied, reciprocating, or intermittent

motion.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cam</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Kam</er>.]</ety> <def>Crooked.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ca*ma"ieu</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.; of

unknown origin. Cf. <er>Cameo</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

cameo.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Crabb.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>Painting in shades of one

color; monochrome.</def>



<au>Mollett.</au>



<hw>Ca*mail"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>camail</ets> (cf. It. <ets>camaglio</ets>), fr. L.

<ets>caput</ets> head + source of E. <ets>mail</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Ancient Armor)</fld> <def>A neck guard of chain

mall, hanging from the bascinet or other headpiece.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A hood of other material than mail; esp.

<fld>(Eccl.)</fld>, a hood worn in church services, -- the amice,

or the like.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cam`a*ra*sau"rus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL. fr. Gr. <?/ a vaulted chamber + <?/ lizard.]</ety>

<fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of gigantic American Jurassic

dinosaurs, having large cavities in the bodies of the dorsal

vertebr\'91.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ca`ma*ril"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.,

a small room.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The private audience chamber of a king.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A company of secret and irresponsible advisers,

as of a king; a cabal or clique.</def>



<hw>Cam"ass</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[American

Indian name.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A blue-flowered

liliaceous plant (<spn>Camassia esculenta</spn>) of northwestern

America, the bulbs of which are collected for food by the

Indians.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>camas</asp>,

<asp>cammas</asp>, and <asp>quamash</asp>.]</altsp>



<note><hand/ The <xex>Eastern cammass</xex> is <xex>Camassia

Fraseri</xex>.</note>



<hw>Cam"ber</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Of.

<ets>cambre</ets> bent, curved; akin to F. <ets>cambrer</ets> to

vault, to bend, fr. L. <ets>camerare</ets> to arch over, fr.

<ets>camera</ets> vault, arch. See <er>Chamber</er>, and cf.

<er>Camerate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld>

<def>An upward convexity of a deck or other surface; <as>as, she

has a high <ex>camber</ex> (said of a vessel having an unusual

convexity of deck)</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An upward concavity in the

under side of a beam, girder, or lintel; also, a slight upward

concavity in a straight arch. See <er>Hogback</er>.</def>



<cs><col>Camber arch</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>an arch whose

intrados, though apparently straight, has a slightly concave

curve upward.</cd> -- <col>Camber beam</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>,

<cd>a beam whose under side has a concave curve upward.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cam"ber</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Cambered</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Cambering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cut bend to an

upward curve; to construct, as a deck, with an upward

curve.</def>



<hw>Cam"ber</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To curve upward.</def>



<hw>Cam"ber*keeled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Having the keel arched upwards, but not

actually hogged; -- said of a ship.</def>



<hw>Cam"bi*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>cambialis</ets>, fr. <ets>cambiars</ets>. See

<er>Change</er>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to exchanges in commerce;

of exchange.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Cam"bist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>cambiste</ets>, It. <ets>cambista</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>cambire</ets> to exchange. See <er>Change</er>.]</ety>

<def>A banker; a money changer or broker; one who deals in bills

of exchange, or who is skilled in the science of exchange.</def>



<hw>Cam"bist*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The science

of exchange, weight, measures, etc.</def>



<hw>Cam"bi*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>cambium</ets> exchange, fr. L. <ets>cambire</ets> to

exchange. It was supposed that cambium was sap changing into

wood.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A series of

formative cells lying outside of the wood proper and inside of

the inner bark. The growth of new wood takes place in the

cambium, which is very soft.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A fancied nutritive juice,

formerly supposed to orgiginate in the blood, to repair losses of

the system, and to promote its increase.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>Cam"blet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Camlet</er>.</def>



<hw>Cam*boge"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Gamboge</er>.</def>



<hw>Cam*boose"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See <er>Caboose</er>.</def>



<hw>Cam"bra*sine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A kind of

linen cloth made in Egypt, and so named from its resemblance to

cambric.</def>



<hw>Cam"brel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Gambrel</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 2.</def>



<au>Wright.</au>



<hw>Cam"bri*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The ancient

Latin name of Wales. It is used by modern poets.</def>



<hw>Cam"bri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Geog.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to Cambria or

Wales.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the

lowest subdivision of the rocks of the Silurian or Molluscan age;

-- sometimes described as inferior to the Silurian. It is named

from its development in <xex>Cambria</xex> or Wales. See the

Diagram under <er>Geology</er>.</def>



<hw>Cam"bri*an</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A native of

Cambria or Wales.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The Cambrian formation.</def>



<hw>Cam"bric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>camerike</ets>, fr. <ets>Cambrai</ets> (Flemish

<ets>Kamerik</ets>), a city of France (formerly of Flanders),

where it was first made.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A fine, thin,

and white fabric made of flax or linen.</def>



<q>He hath ribbons of all the colors i' the rainbow; . . .

inkles, caddises, <qex>cambrics</qex>, lawns.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A fabric made, in imitation of linen cambric, of

fine, hardspun cotton, often with figures of various colors; --

also called <altname>cotton cambric</altname>, and

<altname>cambric muslin</altname>.</def>



<hw>Cam"bro*Brit"on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

Welshman.</def>



<hw>Came</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp.</pos> of

<er>Come</er>.</def>



<hw>Came</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Scot.

<ets>came</ets>, <ets>caim</ets>, comb, and OE. <ets>camet</ets>

silver.]</ety> <def>A slender rod of cast lead, with or without

grooves, used, in casements and stained-glass windows, to hold

together the panes or pieces of glass.</def>



<hw>Cam"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Oe.

<ets>camel</ets>, <ets>chamel</ets>, OF. <ets>camel</ets>,

<ets>chamel</ets>, F. <ets>chameau</ets> L. <ets>camelus</ets>,

fr. Gr. <?/; of Semitic origin; cf. Heb. <ets>g\'bem\'bel</ets>,

Ar. <ets>jamal</ets>. Cf. As. <ets>camel</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>camelus</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A large ruminant used in Asia and Africa for carrying

burdens and for riding. The camel is remarkable for its ability

to go a long time without drinking. Its hoofs are small, and

situated at the extremities of the toes, and the weight of the

animal rests on the callous. The dromedary (<spn>Camelus

dromedarius</spn>) has one bunch on the back, while the Bactrian

camel (<spn>C. Bactrianus</spn>) has two. The llama, alpaca, and

vicu\'a4a, of South America, belong to a related genus

(<spn>Auchenia</spn>).</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A watertight structure (as a

large box or boxes) used to assist a vessel in passing over a

shoal or bar or in navigating shallow water. By admitting water,

the camel or camels may be sunk and attached beneath or at the

sides of a vessel, and when the water is pumped out the vessel is

lifted.</def>



<cs><col>Camel bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the

ostrich.</cd> -- <col>Camel locust</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,

<cd>the mantis.</cd> -- <col>Camel's thorn</col>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a low, leguminous shrub (<spn>Alhagi

maurorum</spn>) of the Arabian desert, from which exudes a

sweetish gum, which is one of the substances called

<xex>manna<xex>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cam"el*backed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a

back like a camel; humpbacked.</def>



<au>Fuller.</au>



<hw>Ca*me"le*on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Chaceleon</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ca*mel"li*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.; --

named after <ets>Kamel</ets>, a Jesuit who is said to have

brought it from the East.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An

Asiatic genus of small shrubs, often with shining leaves and

showy flowers. <xex>Camelia Japonica</xex> is much cultivated for

ornament, and <xex>C</xex>. <xex>Sassanqua</xex> and

<xex>C</xex>. <xex>Oleifera</xex> are grown in China for the oil

which is pressed from their seeds. The tea plant is now referred

to this genus under the name of <xex>Camellia Thea</xex>.</def>



<hw>Ca*mel"o*pard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>camelopardus</ets>, L. <ets>camelopardalus</ets>,

<ets>camelopardalis</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ a camel + <?/ pard,

leopard: cf. F. <ets>cam\'82lopard</ets>. The camelopard has a

neck and head like a camel, and is spotted like a pard. See

<er>Camel</er>, and <er>Pard</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>An African ruminant; the giraffe. See

<er>Giraffe</er>.</def>



<hw>Came"lot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Camelet</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Cam"els*hair`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of

camel's hair.</def>



<cs><col>Camel's-hair pencil</col>, <cd>a small brush used by

painters in water colors, made of camel's hair or similar

materials.</cd> -- <col>Camel's-hair shawl</col>. <cd>A name

often given to a <altname>cashmere shawl</altname>. See

<cref>Cashmere shawl</cref> under <er>Cashmere</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cam"e*o</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Cameos</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[It <ets>cammeo</ets>;

akin to F. <ets>cam\'82e</ets>, <ets>cama\'8beu</ets>, Sp.

<ets>camafeo</ets>, LL. <ets>camaeus</ets>, <ets>camahutus</ets>;

of unknown origin.]</ety> <def>A carving in relief, esp. one on a

small scale used as a jewel for personal adornment, or

like.</def>



<note><hand/ Most cameos are carved in a material which has

layers of different colors, such stones as the onyx and sardonyx,

and various kinds of shells, being used.</note>



<cs><col>Cameo conch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large,

marine, univalve shell, esp. <spn>Cassis cameo</spn>, <spn>C.

rua</spn>, and allied species, used for cutting cameos. See

<er>Quern conch</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cam"e*ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.

<plw>Cameras</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, L. <plw>Camerae</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L. vault, arch, LL., chamber. See

<er>Chamber</er>.]</ety> <def>A chamber, or instrument having a

chamber.  Specifically: The <xex>camera obscura</xex> when used

in photography. See <er>Camera</er>, and <er>Camera

obscura</er>.</def>



<cs><col>Bellows camera</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Bellows</er>.</cd> -- <col>In camera</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>,

<cd>in a judge's chamber, that is, privately; <as>as, a judge

hears testimony which is not fit for the open court <ex>in

camera<ex></as>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Panoramic</col>, <or/

<col>Pantascopic</col>, <col>camera</col></mcol>, <cd>a

photographic camera in which the lens and sensitized plate

revolve so as to expose adjacent parts of the plate successively

to the light, which reaches it through a narrow vertical slit; --

used in photographing broad landscapes.</cd></cs>



<au>Abney.</au>



<hw>Came"rade</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Comrade</er>,</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Cam`e*ra*lis"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to finance and public revenue.</def>



<hw>Cam`e*ra*lis"tics</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>cam\'82ralistique</ets>, G. <ets>kameralistik</ets>, fr.

L. <ets>camera</ets> vault, LL., chamber, treasury.]</ety>

<def>The science of finance or public revenue.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cam"e*ra lu"ci*da</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[L.

<ets>camera</ets> chamber + L. <ets>lucidus</ets>,

<ets>lucida</ets>, lucid, light.]</ety> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>An

instrument which by means of a prism of a peculiar form, or an

arrangement of mirrors, causes an apparent image of an external

object or objects to appear as if projected upon a plane surface,

as of paper or canvas, so that the outlines may conveniently

traced. It is generally used with the microscope.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cam"e*ra ob*scu"ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[LL.

<ets>camera</ets> chamber + L. <ets>obscurus</ets>,

<ets>obscura</ets>, dark.]</ety> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>An apparatus in which the images of extermal objects, formed

by a convex lens or a concave mirror, are thrown on a paper or

other white surface placed in the focus of the lens or mirror

within a darkened chamber, or box, so that the oulines may be

traced.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Photog.)</fld> <def>An apparatus in which the

image of an external object or objects is, by means of lenses.

thrown upon a sensitized plate or surface placed at the back or

an extensible darkened box or chamber variously modifled; --

commonly called simply <xex>the camera</xex>.</def>



<hw>Cam"er*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Camerated</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Camerzting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>cameratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>camerare</ets>. See

<er>Camber</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To build in the form of

a vault; to arch over.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To divide into chambers.</def>



<hw>Cam`er*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cameratio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A vaulting or arching

over.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Ca`mer*lin"go</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[It.]</ety> <def>The papal chamberlain; the cardinal who

presides over the pope's household. He has at times possessed

great power.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>camerlengo</asp> and

<asp>camarlengo</asp>.]</altsp>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cam`e*ro"ni*an</hw> }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <def>A follower of the Rev. Richard

<xex>Cameron</xex>, a Scotch Covenanter of the time of Charies

II.</def>



<q>\'b5 Cameron and others refused to accept the

\'bdindulgence\'bd offered the Presbyterian clergy, insisted on

the Solemn league and Covenant, and in 1680 declared Charles II

deposed for tyranny, breach of faith, etc. Cameron was killed at

the battle of Airdmoss, but his followers became a denomination

(afterwards called Reformed Presbyterians) who refused to

recognize laws or institutions which they believed contrary to

the kingdom of Christ, but who now avail themselves of political

rights.</q>



<hw>Cam"is</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Chemise</er>.]</ety> <def>A light, loose dress or robe.</def>

<altsp>[Also written <asp>camus</asp>.]</altsp>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>All in a <qex>camis</qex> light of purple silk.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cam`i*sade"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Cam`i*sa"do</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>camisade</ets>

a night attack; cf. It. <ets>camiciata</ets>. See

<er>Camis</er>.]</ety> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A shirt worn by soldiers over their uniform, in

order to be able to recognize one another in a night

attack.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An attack by surprise by soldiers

wearing the camisado.</def>



<q>Give them a <qex>camisado</qex> in night season.</q>

<qau>Holinshed.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Cam"i*sard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>One of the French Protestant insurgents who

rebelled against Louis XIV, after the revocation of the edict of

Nates; -- so called from the peasant's smock (<xex>camise</xex>)

which they wore.</def>



<hw>Cam"i*sa`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Dressed

with a shirt over the other garments.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cam"i*sole</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See

<er>chemise</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A short dressing jacket

for women.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A kind of straitjacket.</def>



<hw>Cam"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>camelot</ets> (akin to Sp. <ets>camelote</ets>,

<ets>chamelote</ets>, It. <ets>cambellbito</ets>,

<ets>ciambellotto</ets>, LL. <ets>camelotum</ets>,

<ets>camelinum</ets>, fr. Ar. <xex>khamlat</xex> camlet, fr.

<xex>kaml</xex> pile, plush. The word was early confused with

<xex>camel</xex>, camel's hair also being used in making it. Cf.

<er>Calamanco</er>]</ety> <def>A woven fabric originally made of

camel's hair, now chiefly of goat's hair and silk, or of wool and

cotton.</def> <altsp>[Sometimes written <asp>camelot</asp> and

<asp>camblet</asp>.]</altsp>



<note><hand/ They have been made plain and twilled, of sigle warp

and weft, of double warp, and sometimes with double weft also,

with thicker yarn.</note>



<au>Beck (Draper's Dict. )</au>



<hw>Cam"let*ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Wavy or undulating like

camlet; veined.</def>



<au>Sir T. Herbert.</au>



<hw>Cam"mas</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>See <er>Camass</er>.</def>



<hw>Cam"mock</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>cammoc</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant having

long hard, crooked roots, the <spn>Ononis spinosa</spn>; --

called also <altname>rest-harrow</altname>. The <spn>Scandix

Pecten-Veneris</spn> is also called <ex>cammock</ex>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cam"o*mile</hw>, <hw>Cham"o*mile</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[LL. <ets>camonilla</ets>,

corrupted fr. Gr. <?/, lit. earth apple, being so called from the

smell of its flower. See <er>Humble</er>, and

<er>Melon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of herbs

(<spn>Anthemis</spn>) of the Composite family. The common

camomile, <spn>A. nobilis</spn>, is used as a popular remedy. Its

flowers have a strong and fragrant and a bitter, aromatic taste.

They are tonic, febrifugal, and in large doses emetic, and the

volatile oil is carminative.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ca*mon"flet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A small mine, sometimes

formed in the wall or side of an enemy's gallery, to blow in the

earth and cut off the retreat of the miners.</def>



<au>Farrow.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ca"mous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Ca"moys</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>camus</ets>

(equiv. to <ets>camard</ets>) flat-nosed, fr. Celtic

<ets>Cam</ets> croked + suff. <ets>-us</ets>; akin to L.

<ets>camur</ets>, <ets>camurus</ets>, croked.]</ety> <def>Flat;

depressed; crooked; -- said only of the nose.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ca"moused</hw>, <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Camouse</er>]</ety> <def>Depressed; flattened.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Though my nose be <qex>cammoused</qex>.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson</qau>



<hw>Ca"mous*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Awry.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Skelton.</au>



<hw>Camp</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>camp</ets>, It. <ets>campo</ets>, fr. L. <ets>campus</ets>

plant, fleld; akin to Gr. <?/ garden. Cf. <er>Campaing</er>,

<er>Champ</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The ground

or spot on which tents, huts, etc., are erected for shelter, as

for an army or for lumbermen, etc.</def>



<au>Shzk.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A collection of tents, huts, etc., for shelter,

commonly arranged in an orderly manner.</def>



<q>Forming a <qex>camp</qex> in the neighborhood of Boston.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A single hut or shelter; <as>as, a hunter's

<ex>camp</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The company or body of persons encamped, as of

soldiers, of surveyors, of lumbermen, etc.</def>



<q>The <qex>camp</qex> broke up with the confusion of a

flight.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Agric.)</fld> <def>A mound of earth in which

potatoes and other vegetables are stored for protection against

frost; -- called also <altname>burrow</altname> and

<altname>pie</altname>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<sn>6.</sn> <ety>[Cf. OE. & AS. <ets>camp</ets> contest, battle.

See <er>champion</er>.]</ety> <def>An ancient game of football,

played in some parts of England.</def>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<cs><col>Camp bedstead</col>, <cd>a light bedstead that can be

folded up onto a small space for easy transportation.</cd> --

<col>camp ceiling</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a kind ceiling

often used in attics or garrets, in which the side walls are

inclined inward at the top, following the slope of the rafters,

to meet the plane surface of the upper ceiling.</cd> -- <col>Camp

chair</col>, <cd>a light chair that can be folded up compactly

for easy transportation; the seat and back are often made of

strips or pieces of carpet.</cd> -- <col>Camp fever</col>,

<cd>typhus fever.</cd> -- <col>Camp follower</col>, <cd>a

civilian accompanying an army, as a sutler, servant, etc.</cd> --

<col>Camp meeting</col>, <cd>a religious gathering for open-air

preaching, held in some retired spot, chiefty by Methodists. It

usualy last for several days, during which those present lodge in

tents, temporary houses, or cottages.</cd> -- <col>Camp

stool</col>, <cd>the same as <cref>camp chair</cref>, except that

the stool has no back.</cd> -- <col>Flying camp</col>

<fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a camp or body of troops formed for rapid

motion from one place to another. </cd> <au>Farrow</au>. --

<col>To pitch (a) camp</col>, <cd>to set up the tents or huts of

a camp.</cd> -- <col>To strike camp</col>, <cd>to take down the

tents or huts of a camp.</cd></cs>



<hw>Camp</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Camped</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb n.</pos> <er>Camping</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To

afford rest or lodging for, as an army or travelers.</def>



<q>Had our great palace the capacity

To <qex>camp</qex> this host, we all would sup together.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<-- p. 208 -->\'3e



<hw>Camp</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To pitch or

prepare a camp; to encamp; to lodge in a camp; -- often with

<xex>out</xex>.</def>



<q>They <qex>camped</qex> out at night, under the stars.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[See <er>Camp</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 6]</ety>

<def>To play the game called camp.</def> <mark>[Prov.

Eng.]</mark>



<au>Tusser.</au>



<hw>Cam*pa"gna</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It. See

<er>Campaing</er>.]</ety> <def>An open level tract of country;

especially \'bd<xex>Campagna</xex> di Roma.\'b8 The extensive

undulating plain which surrounds Rome.</def>



<note><hand/ Its length is commonly stated to be about ninety

miles, and its breadth from twenty-seven to forty miles. The

ground is almost entirely volcanic, and vapors which arise from

the district produce malaria.</note>



<hw>\'d8Cam`pa`gnol"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. ,

fr. <ets>campagne</ets> field.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A mouse (<spn>Arvicala agrestis</spn>), called also

<altname>meadow mouse</altname>, which often does great damage in

fields and gardens, by feeding on roots and seeds.</def>



<hw>Cam*paign"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>campagne</ets>, It. <ets>campagna</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>Campania</ets> the level country about Naples, fr.

<ets>campus</ets> field. See <er>Camp</er>, and cf.

<er>Champaign</er>, <er>Champagne</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>An open field; a large, open plain without considerable

hills. See<er>Champaign</er>.</def>



<au>Grath.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A connected series of military

operations forming a distinct stage in a war; the time during

which an army keeps the field.</def>



<au>Wilhelm.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Political operations preceding an election; a

canvass.</def> <mark>[Cant, U. S.]</mark>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>The period during which a

blast furnace is continuously in operation.</def>



<hw>Cam*paign"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To serve

in a campaign.</def>



<hw>Cam*paign"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

has served in an army in several campaigns; an old soldier; a

veteran.</def>



<hw>Cam*pa"na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>campana</ets> bell. Cf. <er>Campanle</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A church bell.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The pasque flower.</def>



<au>Drayton.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Doric Arch.)</fld> <def>Same as

<er>Gutta</er>.</def>



<hw>Cam*paned"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Her.)</fld>

<def>Furnished with, or bearing, campanes, or bells.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cam`pa*ne"ro</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.,

a bellman.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The bellbird of

South America. See <er>Bellbird</er>.</def>



<hw>Cam*panes"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[See

<ets>Campana</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Bells.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Cam*pa"ni*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Campaig</er>.]</ety> <def>Open country.</def>



<au>Sir W. Temple.</au>



<hw>Cam*pan"i*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>campana</ets> bell + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>companiforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bell-shaped.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cam`pa*ni"le</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.

<ets>campanile</ets> bell tower, steeple, fr. It. & LL.

<ets>campana</ets> bell.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A bell

tower, esp. one built separate from a church.</def>



<q>Many of the <qex>campaniles</qex> od Italy are lofty and

magnificent atructures.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<hw>Cam`pa*nil"i*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Campaniform</er>.]</ety> <def>Bell-shaped; campanulate;

campaniform.</def>



<hw>Cam`pa*nol"o*gist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

skilled in campanology; a bell ringer.</def>



<hw>Cam`pa*nol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>campana</ets> bell _ <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art

of ringing bells, or a treatise on the art.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cam*pan"u*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>campanula</ets> a little bell; dim. of <ets>campana

bell</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A large genus of plants

bearing bell-shaped flowers, often of great beauty; -- also

called <altname>bellflower</altname>.</def>



<hw>Cam*pan`u*la"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of pertaining to, or resembling, the

family of plants (<spn>Camponulace\'91</spn>) of which Campanula

is the type, and which includes the Canterbury bell, the

harebell, and the Venus's looking-glass.</def>



<hw>Cam*pan`u*la"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>campanula</ets> a bell.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

hydroid of the family <spn>ampanularid\'91</spn>, characterized

by having the polyps or zooids inclosed in bell-shaped calicles

or hydrothec\'91.</def>



<hw>Cam*pan"u*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Bell-shaped.</def>



<hw>Camp"bell*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

Alexander <ets>Campbell</ets>, of Virginia.]</ety>

<fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A member of the denomination called

Christians or Disciples of Christ. They themselves repudiate the

term <xex>Campbellite</xex> as a nickname. See

<er>Christian</er>, <er>3</er>.</def>



<hw>Cam*peach"y Wood`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[From the bay of

<ets>Campeachy</ets>, in Mexico.]</ety> <def>Logwood.</def>



<hw>Camp"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who lodges

temporarily in a hut or camp.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cam*pes"tral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Cam*pes"tri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>campester</ets>, fr. <ets>campus</ets>

field.]</ety> <def>Relating to an open fields; drowing in a

field; growing in a field, or open ground.</def>



<hw>Camp"tight`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Camp</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 6.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law.)</fld>

<def>A duel; the decision of a case by a duel.</def>



<hw>Cam"phene</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>One of a series of substances <chform>C10H16</chform>,

resembling camphor, regarded as modified terpenes.</def>



<hw>Cam*phine"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Camphor</er>.]</ety> <def>Rectified oil of turpentine, used

for burning in lamps, and as a common solvent in varnishes.</def>



<note><hand/ The name is also applied to a mixture of this

substance with three times its volume of alcohol and sometimes a

little ether, used as an illuminant.</note>



<hw>Cam"phire</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An old

spelling of <er>Camphor</er>.</def>



<hw>Cam"pho*gen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Camphor</ets> + <ets>-gen</ets>: -- formerly so called

as derived from camphor: cf. F. <ets>camphog\'8ane</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Cymene</er>.</def>



<hw>Cam"phol</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Camphol</ets> + <ets>-ol</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Borneol</er>.</def>



<hw>Cam"phor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>camfere</ets>, F. <ets>camphre</ets> (cf. It.

<ets>camfara</ets>, Sp. <ets>camfara</ets>, <ets>alcanfor</ets>,

LL. <ets>camfora</ets>, <ets>camphara</ets>, NGr. <?/), fr. Ar.

<ets>k\'bef\'d4r</ets>, prob. fr. Skr.

<ets>karp\'d4ra</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A tough, white,

aromatic resin, or gum, obtained from different species of the

<spn>Laurus</spn> family, esp. from <spn>Cinnamomum

camphara</spn> (the <spn>Laurus camphara</spn> of Linn\'91us.).

Camphor, <chform>C10H16O</chform>, is volatile and fragrant, and

is used in medicine as a diaphoretic, a stimulant, or

sedative.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A gum resembing ordinary camphor, obtained from

a tree (<spn>Dryobalanops camphora</spn>) growing in Sumatra and

Borneo; -- called also <altname>Malay camphor</altname>,

<altname>camphor of Borneo</altname>, or

<altname>borneol</altname>. See <er>Borneol</er>.</def>



<note><hand/ The name <xex>camphor</xex> is also applied to a

number of bodies of similar appearance and properties, as

<stype>cedar camphor</stype>, obtained from the red or pencil

cedar (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>), and <stype>peppermint

camphor</stype>, or <xex>menthol</xex>, obtained from the oil of

peppermint.</note>



<cs><col>Camphor oil</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>name variously

given to certain oil-like products, obtained especially from the

camphor tree.</cd> -- <col>Camphor tree</col>, <cd>a large

evergreen tree (<spn>Cinnamomum Camphora</spn>) with lax, smooth

branches and shining triple-nerved lanceolate leaves, probably

native in China, but now cultivated in most warm countries.

Camphor is collected by a process of steaming the chips of the

wood and subliming the product.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cam"phor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

impregnate or wash with camphor; to camphorate.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Tatler.</au>



<hw>Cam`pho*ra"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of the

nature of camphor; containing camphor.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>Cam"phor*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

impregnate or treat with camphor.</def>



<hw>Cam"phor*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>camphorate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of

camphoric acid.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cam"phor*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Cam"por*a`ted</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw><def>Combined or impregnated with

camphor.</def>



<cs><col>Camphorated oil</col>, <cd>an oleaginous preparation

containing camphor, much used as an embrocation.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cam*phor"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>camphorique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of,

pertaining to, or derived from, camphor.</def>



<cs><col>Camphoric acid</col>, <cd>a white crystallizable

substance, <chform>C10H16O4</chform>, obtained from the oxidation

of camphor.</cd></cs>



<note><hand/ Other acid of camphor are <xex>campholic acid</xex>,

<chform>C10H18O2</chform>, and <xex>camphoronic acid</xex>,

<chform>C9H12O5</chform>, white crystallizable substances.</note>



<hw>Cam*phret"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[rom

<er>Camphor</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from

camphor.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Camp"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Lodging in a camp.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[See <er>Camp</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 6]</ety>

<def>A game of football.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Cam"pi*on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. fr. L.

<ets>campus</ets> field.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of

the Pink family (<spn>Cucubalus bacciferus</spn>), bearing

berries regarded as poisonous.</def>



<cs><col>Bladder campion</col>, <cd>a plant of the Pink family

(<spn>Cucubalus Behen</spn> or <spn>Silene inflata</spn>), having

a much inflated calyx. See <er>Behen</er>.</cd> -- <col>Rose

campion</col>, <cd>a garden plant (<spn>Lychnis coronaria</spn>)

with handsome crimsome crimson flowers.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Cam"pus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a

field.]</ety> <def>The principal grounds of a college or school,

between the buildings or within the main inclosure; <as>as, the

college <ex>campus</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Cam`py*lo*sper"mous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ curved + <?/ seed.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Having seeds grooved lengthwise on the inner face, as in

sweet cicely.</def>



<hw>Cam`py*lot"ro*pous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ curved + <?/ a turning.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having

the ovules and seeds so curved, or bent down upon themselves,

that the ends of the embryo are brought close together.</def>



<hw>Cam"us</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Camis</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Cam"wood</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Barwood</er>.</def>



<hw>Can</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def>an <xex>obs</xex>. form of

<ets>began</ets>, imp. & p. p. of <er>Begin</er>, sometimes used

in old poetry. <note>[See <er>Gan</er>.]</note></def>



<q>With gentle words he <qex>can</qex> faile gree.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Can</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. & AS. <ets>canne</ets>;

akin to D. <ets>Kan</ets>, G. <ets>Kanne</ets>, OHG.

<ets>channa</ets>, Sw. <ets>Kanna</ets>, Dan.

<ets>kande</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A drinking cup; a

vessel for holding liquids.</def>



<au>[Shak. ]</au>



<q>Fill the cup and fill <qex>can</qex>,

Have a rouse before the morn.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A vessel or case of tinned iron or of sheet

metal, of various forms, but usually cylindrical; <as>as, a

<ex>can</ex> of tomatoes; an oil <ex>can</ex>; a milk

<ex>can</ex>.</as></def>



<note><hand/ A <xex>can</xex> may be a cylinder open at the top,

as for receiving the sliver from a carding machine, or with a

removable cover or stopper, as for holding tea, spices, milk,

oysters, etc., or with handle and spout, as for holding oil, or

hermetically sealed, in canning meats, fruits, etc. The name is

also sometimes given to the small glass or earthenware jar used

in canning.</note>



<hw>Can</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp.

& p. p.</pos> <er>Canned</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &vb.

n.</pos> <er>Canning</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To preserve by

putting in sealed cans</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

\'bd<xex>Canned</xex> meats\'b8



<au>W. D. Howells.</au>



<cs><col>Canned goods</col>, <cd>a general name for fruit,

vegetables, meat, or fish, preserved in hermetically sealed

cans.</cd></cs>



<hw>Can</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <note>[The

transitive use is obsolete.]</note> <wordforms>[<pos>imp</pos>.

<er>Could</er> <pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>cunnen</ets>, <ets>cannen</ets> (1st sing. pres. <ets>I

can</ets>), to know, know how, be able, AS. <ets>cunnan</ets>,

1st sing. pres. <ets>ic cann</ets> or <ets>can</ets>, pl.

<ets>cunnon</ets>, 1st sing. imp. <ets>c\'d4\'ebe</ets> (for

<ets>cun\'ebe</ets>); p. p. <ets>c\'d4\'eb</ets> (for

<ets>cun\'eb</ets>); akin to OS. <ets>Kunnan</ets>, D.

<ets>Kunnen</ets>, OHG. <ets>chunnan</ets>, G.

<ets>k\'94nnen</ets>, Icel. <ets>kunna</ets>, Goth.

<ets>Kunnan</ets>, and E. <ets>ken</ets> to know. The present

tense <ets>I can</ets> (AS. <ets>ic cann</ets>) was originally a

preterit, meaning <ets>I have known</ets> or <ets>Learned</ets>,

and hence <ets>I know</ets>, <ets>know how</ets>. \'fb45. See

<er>Ken</er>, <er>Know</er>; cf. <er>Con</er>, <er>Cunning</er>,

<er>Uncouth</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To know; to understand.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>I <qex>can</qex> rimes of Rodin Hood.</q>

<qau>Piers Plowman.</qau>



<q>I <qex>can</qex> no Latin, quod she.</q>

<qau>Piers Plowman.</qau>



<q>Let the priest in surplice white,

That defunctive music <qex>can</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be able to do; to have power or

influence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The will of Him who all things <qex>can</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>For what, alas, <qex>can</qex> these my single arms?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>M\'91c\'91nas and Agrippa, who <qex>can</qex> most with

C\'91sar.</q>

<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To be able; -- followed by an infinitive without

<xex>to</xex>; <as>as, I <ex>can</ex> go, but do not wish

to</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Can but</er>, <er>Can not but</er>. It is an

error to use the former of these phrases where the sens requires

the latter. If we say, \'bdI <xex>can but</xex> perish if I

go,\'b8 \'bdBut\'b8 means <xex>only</xex>, and denotes that this

is all or the worst that can happen. When the apostle Peter said.

\'bdWe <xex>can not but</xex> speak of the things which we have

seen and heard.\'b8 he referred to a moral constraint or

necessety which rested upon him and his associates; and the

meaning was, We cannot help speaking, We cannot refrain from

speaking. This idea of a moral necessity or constraint is of

frequent occurrence, and is also expressed in the phrase, \'bdI

<xex>can not</xex> help it.\'b8 Thus we say. \'bdI <xex>can not

but</xex> hope,\'b8 \'bdI <xex>can not but</xex> believe,\'b8

\'bdI <xex>can not but</xex> think,\'b8 \'bdI <xex>can not

but</xex> remark,\'b8 etc., in cases in which it would be an

error to use the phrase <xex>can but</xex>.</syn>



<q>Yet he <qex>could not but</qex> acknowledge to himself that

there was something calculated to impress awe, . . . in the

sudden appearances and vanishings . . . of the masque</q>

<qau>De Quincey.</qau>



<q>Tom felt that this was a rebuff for him, and <qex>could not

but</qex> understand it as a left-handed hit at his employer.</q>

<qau>Dickens.</qau>



<hw>Ca"naan*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A descendant of Canaan, the son of Ham, and grandson of

Noah.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A Native or inbabitant of the land of Canaan,

esp. a member of any of the tribes who inhabited Canaan at the

time of the exodus of the Israelites from Egypt.</def>



<hw>Ca"naan*ite</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From an Aramaic word

signifying \'bdzeal.\'b8]</ety> <def>A zealot.</def> \'bdSimon

the <xex>Canaanite</xex>.\'b8



<au>Matt. x. 4.</au>



<note><hand/ This was the \'bdSimon called Zelotes\'b8 (<au>Luke

vi. 15</au>), <it>i.e.</it>, Simon the zealot.</note>



<au>Kitto.</au>



<hw>Ca"naan*i`tish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Canaan or the Canaanites.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ca*\'a4a"da</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>A small ca\'a4on; a narrow valley or glen;

also, but less frequently, an open valley.</def> <mark>[Local,

Western U. S.]</mark>



<hw>Can"a*da</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A British

province in North America, giving its name to various plants and

animals.</def>



<cs><col>Canada balsam</col>. <cd>See under <er>Balsam</er>.</cd>

-- <col>Canada goose</col>. <cd><fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> See

<er>Whisky Jack</er>.</cd> -- <col>Canada lynx</col>.

<cd><fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> See <er>Lynx</er>.</cd> -- <col>Canada

porcupine</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Porcupine</er>,

and <er>Urson</er>.</cd> -- <col>Canada rice</col>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Rick</er>.</cd> --

<col>Canada robin</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the cedar

bird.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ca*na"di*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Canada.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A native

or inhabitant of Canada.</def></def2>



<cs><col>Canadian period</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>A

subdivision of the American Lower Silurian system embracing the

calciferous, Quebec, and Chazy epochs. This period immediately

follows the primordial or Cambrian period, and is by many

geologists regarded as the beginning of the Silurian age, See the

Diagram, under <er>Geology</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ca*naille"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>canaille</ets> (cf. It. <ets>canaglia</ets>), prop. and

orig. a pack of dogs, fr. L. <ets>Canis</ets> dog.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The lowest class of people; the rabble; the

vulgar.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Shorts or inferior flour.</def>

<mark>[Canadian]</mark>



<hw>Can"a*kin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Dim. of

<ets>can</ets>.]</ety> <def>A little can or cup.</def> \'bdAnd

let me the <xex>canakin</xex> clink.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Ca*nal"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>canal</ets>, from L. <ets>canalis</ets> canal, channel;

prob. from a root signifying \'bdto cut\'b8; cf. D.

<ets>kanaal</ets>, fr. the French. Cf. <er>Channel</er>,

<er>Kennel</er> gutter.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>An artificial channel filled with water and

designed for navigation, or for irrigating land, etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A tube or duct; <as>as, the

alimentary <ex>canal</ex>; the semicircular <ex>canals</ex> of

the ear.</as></def>



<cs><col>Canal boat</col>, <cd>a boat for use on a canal; esp.

one of peculiar shape, carrying freight, and drawn by horses

walking on the towpath beside the canal.</cd> <col>Canal

lock</col>. <cd>See <er>Lock</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Can"al coal`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>See <er>Cannel

coal</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Can`a*lic"u*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Can`a*lic"u*la`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>canaliculatus</ets> channeled, fr.

<ets>canaliculus</ets>, dim. of <ets>canalis</ets>. See

<er>Canal</er>.]</ety> <def>Having a channel or groove, as in the

leafstalks of most palms.</def>



<hw>\'d8Can`a*lic"u*lus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl. <plw>Canaliculi</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu>

<ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A minute canal.</def>



<hw>Ca*nal`i*za"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Construction of, or furnishing with, a canal or

canals.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ca*nard"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., properly,

a duck.]</ety> <def>An extravagant or absurd report or story; a

fabricated sensational report or statement; esp. one set afloat

in the newspapers to hoax the public.</def>



<hw>Can`a*rese"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining

to Canara, a district of British India.</def>



<hw>Ca*na"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>Canarie</ets>, L. <ets>Canaria insula</ets> one of the

Canary islands, said to be so called from its large dogs, fr.

<ets>canis</ets> dog.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to

the Canary Islands; <as>as, <ex>canary</ex> wine; <ex>canary

birds.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of a pale yellowish color; <as>as,

<ex>Canary</ex> stone</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Canary grass</col>, <cd>a grass of the genus

<spn>Phalaris</spn> (<spn>P. Canariensis</spn>), producing the

seed used as food for canary birds.</cd> -- <col>Canary

stone</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a yellow species of carnelian,

named from its resemblance in color to the plumage of the canary

bird.</cd> -- <col>Canary wood</col>, <cd>the beautiful wood of

the trees <spn>Persea Indica</spn> and <spn>P. Canariensis</spn>,

natives of Madeira and the Canary Islands.</cd> -- <col>Canary

vine</col>. <cd>See <cref>Canary bird flower</cref>, under

<er>Canary bird</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ca*na"ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Canaries</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Wine made in the Canary

Islands; sack.</def> \'bdA cup of <xex>canary</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A canary bird.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A pale yellow color, like that of a canary

bird.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A quick and lively dance.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Make you dance <qex>canary</qex>

With sprightly fire and motion.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Ca*na"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To perform

the canary dance; to move nimbly; to caper.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>But to jig of a tune at the tongue's end, <qex>canary</qex> to

it with your feet.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Ca*na"ry bird`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A small singing bird of the Finch family (<spn>Serinus

Canarius</spn>), a native of the Canary Islands. It was brought

to Europe in the 16th century, and made a household pet. It

generally has a yellowish body with the wings and tail greenish,

but in its wild state it is more frequently of gray or brown

color. It is sometimes called <altname>canary

finch</altname>.</def><-- and <altname>canary.</altname> -->



<-- p. 209 -->



<cs><col>Canary bird flower</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a

climbing plant (<spn>Trop\'91olum peregrinum</spn>) with

canary-colored flowers of peculiar form; -- called also

<altname>canary vine</altname>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ca*nas"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.

<ets>canasta</ets>, <ets>canastro</ets>, basket, fr. L.

<ets>canistrum</ets>. See <er>Canister</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind

of tobacco for smoking, made of the dried leaves, coarsely

broken; -- so called from the rush baskets in which it is packed

in South America.</def>



<au>McElrath.</au>



<hw>Can" buoy`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>See under <er>Buoy</er>,

<pos>n.</pos></def>



<hw>\'d8Can"can</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<def>A rollicking French dance, accompanied by indecorous or

extravagant postures and gestures.</def>



<hw>Can"cel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Canceled</er> <or/

<er>Cancelled<er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Canceling</er> <or/ <er>Cancelling</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[L. <ets>cancellare</ets> to make like a lattice, to strike

or cross out (cf. Fr. <ets>canceller</ets>, OF.

<ets>canceler</ets>) fr. <ets>cancelli</ets> lattice, crossbars,

dim. of <ets>cancer</ets> lattice; cf. Gr. <?/ latticed gate. Cf.

<er>Chancel</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To inclose or surround,

as with a railing, or with latticework.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A little obscure place <qex>canceled</qex> in with iron work

is the pillar or stump at which . . . our Savior was

scourged.</q>

<qau>Evelyn.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To shut out, as with a railing or with

latticework; to exclude.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

\'bd<xex>Canceled</xex> from heaven.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To cross and deface, as the lines of a writing,

or as a word or figure; to mark out by a cross line; to blot out

or obliterate.</def>



<q>A deed may be avoided by delivering it up to be

<qex>cancelled</qex>; that is, to have lines drawn over it in the

form of latticework or <qex>cancelli</qex>; the phrase is now

used figuratively for any manner of obliterating or defacing

it.</q>

<qau>Blackstone.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To annul or destroy; to revoke or recall.</def>



<q>The indentures were <qex>canceled</qex>.</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



<q>He was unwilling to <qex>cancel</qex> the interest created

through former secret services, by being refractory on this

occasion.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>To suppress or omit; to

strike out, as matter in type.</def>



<cs><col>Canceled figures</col> <fld>(Print)</fld>, <cd>figures

cast with a line across the face., as for use in

arithmetics.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- To blot out; Obliterate; deface; erase; efface;

expunge; annul; abolish; revoke; abrogate; repeal; destroy; do

away; set aside. See <er>Abolish</er>.</syn>



<hw>Can"cel</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Cancel</er>,

<pos>v. i.</pos>, and cf. <er>Chancel</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>An inclosure; a boundary; a limit.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A prison is but a retirement, and opportunity of serious

thoughts, to a person whose spirit . . . desires no enlargement

beyond the <qex>cancels</qex> of the body.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Print)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The suppression

on striking out of matter in type, or of a printed page or

pages.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The part thus suppressed.</def>



<hw>Can`cel*ier"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>chanceler</ets>, OF. <ets>canseler</ets>, to waver, orig. to

cross the legs so as not to fall; from the same word as E.

<ets>cancel</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Falconry)</fld> <def>To turn in

flight; -- said of a hawk.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Nares.</au>



<q>He makes his stoop; but wanting breath, is forced

To <qex>cancelier</qex>.</q>

<qau>Massinger.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Can`cel*ier"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Can"cel*eer</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Falconry)</fld>

<def>The turn of a hawk upon the wing to recover herself, when

she misses her aim in the stoop.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The fierce and eager hawks, down thrilling from the skies,

Make sundry <qex>canceliers</qex> are they the fowl can

reach.</q>

<qau>Drayton.</qau>



<hw>Can`cel*la"re*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Cancellarean.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Can"cel*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cancellatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>cancellare</ets>, See

<er>Cancel</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Consisting of a network of veins, without

intermediate parenchyma, as the leaves of certain plant;

latticelike.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the surface coveres

with raised lines, crossing at right angles.</def>



<hw>Can"cel*la`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Crossbarres; marked with cross lines.</def>



<au>Grew.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Open or spongy, as some

porous bones.</def>



<hw>Can`cel*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cancellatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>cancellation</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act, process, or result of canceling;

<as>as, the <ex>cansellation</ex> of certain words in a contract,

or of the contract itself</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The operation of striking out

common factora, in both the dividend and divisor.</def>



<hw>\'d8Can*cel"li</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[L.,

a lattice. See <er>Cancel</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>An interwoven or latticed wall or inclosure;

latticework, rails, or crossbars, as around the bar of a court of

justice, between the chancel and the have of a church, or in a

window.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The interlacing osseous

plates constituting the elastic porous tissue of certain parts of

the bones, esp. in their articular extremities.</def>



<hw>Can"cel*lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. L.

<ets>cancellosus</ets> covered with bars.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having a spongy or porous stracture; made

up of cancelli; cancellated; <as>as, the <ex>cancellous</ex>

texture of parts of many bones</as>.</def>



<hw>Can"cer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cancer</ets>, <ets>cancri</ets>, crab, ulcer, a sign of the

zodiac; akin to Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>karka<?/a</ets> crab, and

prob. Skr. <ets>karkara</ets> hard, the crab being named from its

hard shell. Cf. <er>Canner</er>, <er>Chancre</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of decapod

Crustacea, including some of the most common shore crabs of

Europe and North America, as the rock crab, Jonah crab, etc. See

<er>Crab</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The fourth of

the twelve signs of the zodiac. The first point is the northern

limit of the sun's course in summer; hence, the sign of the

summer solstice. See <er>Tropic</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def> A

northern constellation between Gemini and Leo.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Formerly, any malignant

growth, esp. one attended with great pain and ulceration, with

cachexia and progressive emaciation. It was so called, perhaps,

from the great veins which surround it, compared by the ancients

to the claws of a crab. The term it now restricted to such a

growth made up of aggregations of epithelial cells, either

without support or embedded in the meshes of a trabecular

framework.</def>



<note><hand/ Four kinds of cancers are recognized: <stype>(1)

Epithelial cancer, <xex>or</xex> Epithelioma</stype>, in which

there is no trabecular framework. See <er>Epithelioma</er>. (2)

<stype>Scirrhous cancer, <xex>or</xex> Hard cancer</stype>, in

which the framework predominates, and the tumor is of hard

consistence and slow growth. (3) <stype>Encephaloid, Medullary,

<xex>or</xex> Soft cancer</stype>, in which the cellular element

predominates, and the tumor is soft, grows rapidy, and often

ulcerates. (4) <stype>Colloid cancer</stype>, in which the

cancerous structure becomes gelatinous. The last three varieties

are also called <xex>carcinoma</xex>.</note>



<cs><col>Cancer cells</col>, <cd>cells once believed to be

peculiar to cancers, but now know to be epithelial cells

differing in no respect from those found elsewhere in the body,

and distinguished only by peculiarity of location and

grouping.</cd> -- <col>Cancer root</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,

<cd>the name of several low plants, mostly parasitic on roots, as

the beech drops, the squawroot, etc.</cd> -- <col>Tropic of

Cancer</col>. <cd>See <er>Tropic</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Can"cer*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos>

<er>Cancerated</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL. <ets>canceratus</ets>

eaten by a cancer. See <er>Cancer</er>.]</ety> <def>To grow into

a canser; to become cancerous.</def>



<au>Boyle.</au>



<hw>Can`cer*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act

or state of becoming cancerous or growing into a cancer.</def>



<hw>Can"cer*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>canc\'82reux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Like a cancer; having the

qualities or virulence of a cancer; affected with cancer.</def>

\'bd<xex>Cancerous</xex> vices.\'b8



<au>G. Eliot.</au>



-- <wordforms><wf>Can"cer*ous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Can"cer*ous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Can"cri*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cancer</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>; cf. F.

<ets>cancriforme</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having the form

of, or resembling, a crab; crab-shaped.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Like a cancer; cancerous.</def>



<hw>Can"crine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Cancer</er>.]</ety> <def>Having the qualities of a crab;

crablike.</def>



<hw>Can"cri*nite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Named

after Count <ets>Cancrin</ets>, a minister of finance in

Russia.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral occurring in

hexagonal crystals, also massive, generally of a yellow color,

containing silica, alumina, lime, soda, and carbon dioxide.</def>



<hw>Can"croid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cancer</ets> + <ets>oid</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Resembling a crab; pertaining to the

<spn>Cancroidea</spn>, one of the families of crabs, including

the genus <spn>Cancer</spn>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Like a cancer; <as>as, a <ex>cancroid</ex>

tumor</as>.</def>



<hw>Cand</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Fluor spar. See

<er>Kand</er>.</def>



<hw>Can`de*la"brum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. L.

<plw>Candelabra</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, E. <plw>Candelabrums</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>candela</ets> candle. See

<er>candle</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A lamp stand of any sort.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>A highly ornamented stand of marble or other ponderous

material, usually having three feet, -- frequently a votive

offering to a temple.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A large candlestick, having several

branches.</def>



<hw>Can`dent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>candens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>cand\'89re</ets> to glitter.

See <er>Candid</er>.]</ety> <def>Heated to whiteness; glowing

with heat.</def> \'bdA <xex>candent</xex> vessel.\'b8



<au>Boyle.</au>



<hw>\'d8Can"de*ros</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An East

Indian resin, of a pellucid white color, from which small

ornaments and toys are sometimes made.</def>



<hw>Can*des"cence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Inclandescence</er>.</def>



<hw>Can"di*cant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>candicans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>candicare</ets> to be

whitish.]</ety> <def>Growing white.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<-- #sic.  glowing white? -->



<hw>Can*did</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>candide</ets> (cf. It. <ets>candido</ets>), L.

<ets>candidus</ets> white, fr. <ets>cand\'89re</ets> to be of a

glowing white; akin to <ets>accend<?/re</ets>,

in<ets>cend<?/re</ets>, to set on fire, Skr. <ets>chand</ets> to

shane. Cf. <er>Candle</er>, <er>Incense</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>White.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The box receives all black; but poured from thence,

The stones came <qex>candid</qex> forth, the hue of

innocence.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Free from undue bias; disposed to think and

judge according to truth and justice, or without partiality or

prejudice; fair; just; impartial; <as>as, a <ex>candid</ex>

opinion</as>.</def> \'bd<xex>Candid</xex> and dispassionate

men.\'b8



<au>W. Irving.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Open; frank; ingenuous; outspoken.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Fair; open; ingenuous; impartial; just; frank;

artless; unbiased; equitable.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Candid</er>,

<er>Fair</er>, <er>Open</er>, <er>Frank</er>, <er>Ingenuous</er>.

A man is <xex>fair</xex> when he puts things on a just or

equitable footing; he is <xex>candid</xex> when be looks

impartially on both sides of a subject, doing justice especially

to the motives and conduct of an opponent; he is <xex>open</xex>

and <xex>frank</xex> when he declares his sentiments without

reserve; he is <xex>ingenuous</xex> when he does this from a

noble regard for truth. <xex>Fair</xex> dealing;

<xex>candid</xex> investigation; an <xex>open</xex> temper; a

<xex>frank</xex> disposition; an <xex>ingenuous</xex> answer or

declaration.</usage>



<hw>Can"di*da*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

position of a candidate; state of being a candidate;

candidateship.</def>



<hw>Can"di*date</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Candidatus</ets>, n. (because candidates for office in Rome

were clothed in a white toga.) fr. <ets>candidatus</ets> clothed

in white, fr. <ets>candidus</ets>littering, white: cf. F.

<ets>candidat</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who offers himself, or is

put forward by others, as a suitable person or an aspirant or

contestant for an office, privilege, or honor; <as>as, a

<ex>candidate</ex> for the office of governor; a

<ex>candidate</ex> for holy orders; a <ex>candidate</ex> for

scholastic honors.</as></def>



<hw>Can"di*date*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Candidacy.</def>



<hw>Can"di*da`ting</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

taking of the position of a candidate; specifically, the

preaching of a clergyman with a view to settlement.</def>

<mark>[Cant, U. S.]</mark>



<hw>Can"di*da*ture</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Candidacy.</def>



<hw>Can"did*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

candid manner.</def>



<hw>Can"did*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

candid.</def>



<hw>Can"died</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From 1st

<er>Candy</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Preserved in or with

sugar; incrusted with a candylike substance; <as>as,

<ex>candied</ex> fruits</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Converted wholly or partially into

sugar or candy; as <xex>candied</xex> sirup.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>Conted or more or less with sugar; <as>as,

<ex>candidied</ex> raisins</as></def>. <sd>(c)</sd>

<def>Figuratively; Honeyed; sweet; flattering.</def>



<q>Let the <qex>candied</qex> tongue lick absurd pomp.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Covered or incrusted with that which resembles

sugar or candy.</def>



<q>Will the cold brook,

<qex>Candied</qex>with ice, caudle thy morning tast?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Can"di*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. <or/ v. i.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>candificare</ets>; <ets>cand\'89re</ets> to be

white + <ets>-facere</ets> to make.]</ety> <def>To make or become

white, or candied.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Can"di*ot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>candiote</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Candia;

Cretary.</def>



<hw>Can"dite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Min.)</fld>

<def>A variety of spinel, of a dark color, found at Candy, in

Ceylon.</def>



<hw>Can"dle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>candel</ets>, <ets>candel</ets>, AS, <ets>candel</ets>, fr.

L. <ets>candela</ets> a (white) light made of wax or tallow, fr.

<ets>cand\'89re</ets> to be white. See <er>Candid</er>, and cf.

<er>Chandler</er>, <er>Cannel</er>, <er>Kindle</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A slender, cylindrical body of tallow,

containing a wick composed of loosely twisted linen of cotton

threads, and used to furnish light.</def>



<q>How far that little <qex>candle</qex> throws his beams!

So shines a good deed in a naughty world.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<note><hand/ Candles are usually made by repeatedly dipping the

wicks in the melted tallow, etc. (\'bddipped

<xex>candles</xex>\'b8), or by casting or running in a

mold.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which gives light; a luminary.</def>



<q>By these blessed <qex>candles</qex> of the night.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>Candle nut</col>, <cd>the fruit of a euphorbiaceous

shrub (<spn>Aleurites triloba</spn>), a native of some of the

Pacific islands; -- socalled because, when dry, it will burn with

a bright flame, and is used by the natives as a candle. The oil

has many uses.</cd> -- <col>Candle power</col>

<fld>(Photom.)</fld>, <cd>illuminating power, as of a lamp, or

gas flame, reckoned in terms of the light of a standard

candle.</cd> <col>Electric candle</col>, <cd>A modification of

the electric arc lamp, in which the carbon rods, instead of being

placed end to end, are arranged side by side, and at a distance

suitable for the formation of the arc at the tip; -- called also,

from the name of the inventor, <xex>Jablockoff candle<xex>.</cd>

-- <col>Excommunication by inch of candle</col>, <cd>a form of

excommunication in which the offender is allowed time to repent

only while a candle burns.</cd> -- <col>Not worth the

candle</col>, <cd>not worth the cost or trouble.</cd> --

<col>Rush candle</col>, <cd>a candle made of the pith of certain

rushes, peeled except on one side, and dipped in grease.</cd> --

<col>Sale by inch of candle</col>, <cd>an auction in which

persons are allowed to bid only till a small piece of candle

burns out.</cd> -- <col>Standard candle</col>

<fld>(Photom.)</fld>, <cd>a special form of candle employed as a

standard in photometric measurements; usually, a candle of

spermaceti so constructed as to burn at the rate of 120 grains,

or 7.8 grams, per hour.</cd> -- <col>To curse by bell, book and

candle</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bell</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Can"dle*ber`ry tree</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A shrub (the <spn>Myrica cerifera</spn>, or wax-bearing

myrtle), common in North America, the little nuts of which are

covered with a greenish white wax, which was formerly, used for

hardening candles; -- also called <altname>bayberry

tree</altname>, <altname>bayberry</altname>, or

<altname>candleberry</altname>.</def>



<hw>Can"dle*bomb`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A small glass bubble, filled with water, which, if placed in

the flame of a candle, bursts by expansion of steam.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A pasteboard shell used in signaling. It is

filled with a composition which makes a brilliant light when it

explodes.</def>



<au>Farrow.</au>



<hw>Can"dle coal`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <def>See <er>Cannel

coal</er>.</def>



<hw>Can"dle*fish`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A marine fish

(<spn>Thaleichthys Pacificus</spn>), allied to the smelt, found

on the north Pacific coast; -- called also

<altname>eulachon</altname>. It is so oily that, when dried, it

may be used as a candle, by drawing a wick through it</def>.

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The beshow.</def>



<hw>Can"dle*hold`er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

who, or that which, holds a candle; also, one who assists

another, but is otherwise not of importance.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Can"dle*light`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The light of a

candle.</def>



<q>Never went by <qex>candlelight</qex> to bed.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Can"dle*mas</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>candelm\'91sse</ets>, <ets>candel</ets> candle _

<ets>m\'91sse</ets> mass.]</ety> <def>The second day of February,

on which is celebrated the feast of the Purification of the

Virgin Mary; -- so called because the candles for the altar or

other sacred uses are blessed on that day.</def>



<hw>Can"dle*stick`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>candel-sticca</ets>; <ets>candel</ets> candle +

<ets>sticca</ets> stick.]</ety> <def>An instrument or utensil for

supporting a candle.</def>



<hw>Can"dle*wast`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

consumes candles by being up late for study or dissipation.</def>



<q>A bookworm, a <qex>candlewaster</qex>.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<hw>Can"dock</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. fr.

<ets>can + dock</ets> (the plant). Cf. G. <ets>kannenkraut</ets>

horsetail, lit. \'bdcanweed.\'b8]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

plant or weed that grows in rivers; a species of of

<xex>Equisetum</xex>; also, the yellow frog lily (<spn>Nuphar

luteum</spn>).</def>



<hw>Can"dor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>candour</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[L. <ets>candor</ets>, fr.

<ets>cand\'89re</ets>; cf. F. <ets>candeur</ets>. See

<er>candid</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Whiteness; brightness; (as applied to moral

conditions) usullied purity; innocence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Nor yor unquestioned integrity

Shall e'er be sullied with one taint or spot

That may take from your innocence and <qex>candor</qex>.</q>

<qau>Massinger.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A disposition to treat subjects with fairness;

freedom from prejudice or disguise; frankness; sincerity.</def>



<q>Attribute superior sagacity and <qex>candor</qex> to those who

held that side of the question.</q>

<qau>Whewell.</qau>



<hw>Can"droy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A machine for

spreading out cotton cloths to prepare them for printing.</def>



<hw>Can"dy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Candied</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Candying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>candir</ets> (cf.

It. <ets>candire</ets>, Sp. <ets>az\'a3car cande</ets> or

<ets>candi</ets>), fr. Ar. & Pers. <ets>qand</ets>, fr. Skr.

<ets>Kha\'c9\'c8da</ets> piece, sugar in pieces or lumps, fr.

<ets>kha\'c9\'c8</ets>, <ets>kha\'c8</ets> to break.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To conserve or boil in sugar; <as>as, to

<ex>candy</ex> fruits; to <ex>candy</ex> ginger.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make sugar crystals of or in; to form into a

mass resembling candy; <as>as, to <ex>candy</ex>

sirup</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To incrust with sugar or with candy, or with

that which resembles sugar or candy.</def>



<q>Those frosts that winter brings

Which <qex>candy</qex> every green.</q>

<qau>Drayson.</qau>



<-- p. 210 -->



<hw>Can"dy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To have sugar crystals form in or on; <as>as, fruits

preserved in sugar <ex>candy</ex> after a time</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be formed into candy; to solidify in a

candylike form or mass.</def>



<hw>Can"dy</hw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>candi</ets>. See

<er>Candy</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>A more or less solid

article of confectionery made by boiling sugar or molasses to the

desired consistency, and than crystallizing, molding, or working

in the required shape. It is often flavored or colored, and

sometimes contains fruit, nuts, etc.</def>



<hw>\'d8Candy</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Mahratta

<ets>kha\'c9\'c8\'c6</ets>, Tamil <ets>ka\'c9\'c8i</ets>.]</ety>

<def>A weight, at Madras 500 pounds, at Bombay 560 pounds.</def>



<hw>Can"dy*tuft`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An annual plant of the genus

<spn>Iberis</spn>, cultivated in gardens. The name was originally

given to the <spn>I. umbellata</spn>, first, discovered in the

island of Candia.</def>



<hw>Cane</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>cane</ets>, <ets>canne</ets>, OF. <ets>cane</ets>, F.

<ets>canne</ets>, L. <ets>canna</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, <?/; prob. of

Semitic origin; cf. Heb. <ets>q\'beneh</ets> reed. Cf.

<er>Canister</er>, <er>canon</er>, 1st <er>Cannon</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A name given to

several peculiar palms, species of <spn>Calamus</spn> and

<spn>D\'91manorops</spn>, having very long, smooth flexible

stems, commonly called rattans.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any plant

with long, hard, elastic stems, as reeds and bamboos of many

kinds; also, the sugar cane.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Stems of

other plants are sometimes called canes; <as>as, the

<ex>canes</ex> of a raspberry</as>.</def>



<q>Like light <qex>canes</qex>, that first rise big and

brave.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<note><hand/ In the Southern United States <stype>great

cane</stype> is the <spn>Arundinaria macrosperma</spn>, and

<stype>small cane</stype> is. <spn>A. tecta</spn>.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A walking stick; a staff; -- so called because

originally made of one the species of cane.</def>



<q>Stir the fire with your master's <qex>cane</qex>.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A lance or dart made of cane.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Judgelike thou sitt'st, to praise or to arraign

The flying skirmish of the darted <qex>cane</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A local European measure of length. See

<er>Canna</er>.</def>



<cs><col>Cane borer</col> <fld>(Zo\'94.)</fld>, <cd>A beetle

<spn>(Oberea bimaculata)</spn> which, in the larval state, bores

into pith and destroy the canes or stalks of the raspberry,

blackberry, etc.</cd> -- <col>Cane mill</col>, <cd>a mill for

grinding sugar canes, for the manufacture of sugar.</cd> --

<col>Cane trash</col>, <cd>the crushed stalks and other refuse of

sugar cane, used for fuel, etc.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cane</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Caned</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Caning</er>.]</wordforms>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To beat with a cane.</def>



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make or furnish with cane or rattan; <as>as,

to <ex>cane</ex> chairs</as>.</def>



<hw>Cane"brake</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A thicket of

canes.</def>



<au>Ellicott.</au>



<hw>Caned</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. L.

<ets>canus</ets> white.]</ety> <def>Filled with white flakes;

mothery; -- said vinegar when containing mother.</def>

<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ca*nel"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL. (OE.

<ets>canel</ets>, <ets>canelle</ets>, cinnamon, fr. F.

<ets>cannelle</ets>), Dim. of L. <ets>canna</ets> a reed.

<ets>Canella</ets> is so called from the shape of the rolls of

prepared bark. See <er>Cane</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

genus of trees of the order <xex>Canellace\'91</xex>, growing in

the West Indies.</def>



<note><hand/ The principal species is <xex>Canella alba</xex>,

and its bark is a spice and drug exported under the names of

<xex>wild cinnamon</xex> and <xex>whitewood bark</xex>.</note>



<hw>Ca*nes"cent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>canescens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>canescere</ets>, v.

inchoative of <ets>canere</ets> to be white.]</ety> <def>Growing

white, or assuming a color approaching to white.</def>



<hw>Can" hook`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A device consisting of a

short rope with flat hooks at each end, for hoisting casks or

barrels by the ends of the staves.</def>



<hw>\'d8Can*nic"u*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>canicula</ets>, lit., a little dog, a dim of

<ets>canis</ets> dog; cf. F. <ets>canicule</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The Dog Star; Sirius.</def>



<hw>Ca*nic"u*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>canicularis</ets>; cf. F. <ets>caniculaire</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Pertaining to, or measured, by the rising of the Dog

Star.</def>



<cs><col>Canicular days</col>, <cd>the dog days, See <er>Dog

days</er>.</cd> -- <col>Canicular year</col>, <cd>the Egyptian

year, computed from one heliacal rising of the Dog Star to

another.</cd></cs>



<hw>Can"i*cule</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Canicula.</def>



<au>Addison.</au>



<hw>Ca*ni"nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See

<er>Canine</er>, <pos>a.</pos></def>



<hw>Ca*nine"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>caninus</ets>, fr. <ets>canis</ets> dog: cf. F.

<ets>canin</ets>. See <er>Hound</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of

or pertaining to the family <xex>Canid\'91</xex>, or dogs and

wolves; having the nature or qualities of a dog; like that or

those of a dog.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the

pointed tooth on each side the incisors.</def>



<cs><col>Canine appetite</col>, <cd>a morbidly voracious

appetite; bulimia.</cd> -- <col>Canine letter</col>, <cd>the

letter r. See <er>R</er>.</cd> -- <col>Canine madness</col>,

<cd>hydrophobia.</cd> -- <col>Canine toth</col>, <cd>a toth

situated between the incisor and bicuspid teeth, so called

because well developen in dogs; usually, the third tooth from the

front on each side of each jaw; an eyetooth, or the corresponding

tooth in the lower jaw.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ca*nine"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A canine

tooth.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ca"nis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Canes</plw> 3.</plu> <ety>[L., a dog.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of carnivorous mammals, of the

family <spn>Canid\'91</spn>, including the dogs and wolves.</def>



<cs><col>\'d8Canis major</col> <ety>[L., larger dog]</ety>, <cd>a

constellation to the southeast of Orion, containing Sirius or the

Dog Star.</cd> -- <col>\'d8Canis minor</col> <ety>[L., smaller

dog]</ety>, <cd>a constellation to the east of Orion, containing

Procyon, a star of the first magnitude.</cd></cs>



<hw>Can"is*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>canistrum</ets> a basket woven from reeds Gr. <?/, fr. <?/,

<?/ reed; cf. F. <ets>canistre</ets>. See <er>Cane</er>, and

<er>Canaster</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A small basket of

rushes, or wilow twigs, etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A small box or case for holding tea, coffee,

etc.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A kind of case shot for

cannon, in which a number of lead or iron balls in layers are

inclosed in a case fitting the gun; -- called also

<altname>canister shot</altname>,</def>



<hw>Can"ker</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>canker</ets>, <ets>cancre</ets>, AS. <ets>cancer</ets> (akin

to D. <ets>kanker</ets>, OHG <ets>chanchar</ets>.), fr. L.

<ets>cancer</ets> a cancer; or if a native word, cf. Gr. <?/

excrescence on tree, <?/ gangrene. Cf. also OF.

<ets>cancre</ets>, F. <ets>chancere</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>cancer</ets>. See <er>cancer</er>, and cf.

<er>Chancre</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A corroding or sloughing ulcer; esp. a spreading

gangrenous ulcer or collection of ulcers in or about the mouth;

-- called also <altname>water canker</altname>, <altname>canker

of the mouth</altname>, and <altname>noma</altname>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything which corrodes, corrupts, or

destroy.</def>



<q>The <qex>cankers</qex> of envy and faction.</q>

<qau>Temple.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Hort.)</fld> <def>A disease incident to trees,

causing the bark to rot and fall off.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>An obstinate and often

incurable disease of a horse's foot, characterized by separation

of the horny portion and the development of fungoid growths; --

usually resulting from neglected thrush.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A kind of wild, worthless rose; the

dog-rose.</def>



<q>To put down Richard, that sweet lovely rose.

And plant this thorm, this <qex>canker</qex>, Bolingbroke.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>Black canker</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Black</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Can"ker</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Cankered</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Cankering</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To affect as a

canker; to eat away; to corrode; to consune.</def>



<q>No lapse of moons can <qex>canker</qex> Love.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To infect or pollute; to corrupt.</def>



<au>Addison.</au>



<q>A tithe purloined <qex>canker</qex> the whole estate.</q>

<qau>Herbert.</qau>



<hw>Can"ker</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To waste

away, grow rusty, or be oxidized, as a mineral.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Silvering will sully and <qex>canker</qex> more than

gliding.</q>

<qau>Bacom.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be or become diseased, or as if diseased,

with canker; to grow corrupt; to become venomous.</def>



<q>Deceit and <qex>cankered</qex> malice.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>As with age his body uglier grows,

So his mind <qex>cankers</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Can"ker-bit`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Eaten out

by canker, or as by canker.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Can"ker bloom`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>The bloom or blossom

of the wild rose or dog-rose.</def>



<hw>Can"ker blos`som</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>That which blasts a

blossom as a canker does.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>O me! you juggler! you <qex>canker blossom</qex>!

You thief of Love!</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Can"kered</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Affected with canker; <as>as, a <ex>cankered</ex>

mouth</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Affected mentally or morally as with canker;

sore, envenomed; malignant; fretful; ill-natured.</def> \'bdA

<xex>cankered</xex> grandam's will.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Can"kered*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Fretfully;

spitefully.</def>



<hw>Can"ker fly`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A fly that preys on

fruit.</def>



<hw>Can"ker*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Affecting

like a canker.</def> \'bd<xex>Canrerous</xex> shackles.\'b8



<au>Thomson.</au>



<q>Misdeem it not a <qex>cankerous</qex> change.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<hw>Can"ker rash"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A

form of scarlet fever characterized by ulcerated or putrid sore

throat.</def>



<hw>Can"ker*worm`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The larva of two species of geometrid

moths which are very injurious to fruit and shade trees by

eating, and often entirely destroying, the foliage. Other similar

larv\'91 are also called cankerworms.</def>



<note><hand/ The autumnal species (<spn>Anisopteryx

pometaria</spn>) becomes adult late in autumn (after frosts) and

in winter. The spring species (<spn>A. vernata</spn>) remains in

the ground through the winter, and matures in early spring. Both

have winged males and wingless females. The larv\'91 are similar

in appearance and habits, and beling to the family of measuring

worms or spanworms. These larv\'91 hatch from the eggs when the

leaves being to expand in spring.</note>



<hw>Can"ker*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Like a canker; full of canker.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Surly; sore; malignant.</def>



<hw>\'d8Can"na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.]</ety>

<def>A measure of length in Italy, varying from six to seven

feet. See <er>Cane</er>, 4.</def>



<hw>\'d8Can"na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a reed.

See <er>Cane</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of

tropical plants, with large leaves and often with showy flowers.

The Indian shot. (<spn>C. Indica</spn>) is found in gardens of

the northern United States.</def>



<hw>Can"na*bene</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Cannabis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless oil

obtained from hemp dy distillation, and possessing its

intoxicating properties.</def>



<hw>Can"na*bin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A pisonous resin extracted from hemp

(<spn>Cannabis sativa</spn>, variety <spn>Indica</spn>). The

narcotic effects of hasheesh are due to this resin.</def>



<hw>Can"na*bine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cannabinus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to hemp;

hempen.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Can"na*bis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

hemp. See <er>Canvas</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus

of a single species belonging to the order

<xex>Uricace\'91</xex>; hemp.</def>



<cs><col>Cannabis Indica</col> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <cd>the Indian

hemp, a powerful narcotic, now considered a variety of the common

hemp.</cd></cs>



<hw>Can"nel coal`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[Corrupt. fr. <ets>ndle

coal</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of mineral coal of a black color,

sufficiently hard and solid to be cut and polished. It burns

readily, with a clear, yellow flame, and on this account has been

used as a substitute for candles.</def>



<hw>Can"ner*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A place where

the business of canning fruit, meat, etc., is carried on.</def>

<mark>[U. S.]</mark>



<hw>Can"ni*bal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>cannibale</ets>. Columbus, in a letter to the Spanish

monarchs written in Oct., 1498, mentions that the people of Hayti

lived in great fear of the <ets>Caribales</ets> (equivalent to E.

<ets>Caribbees</ets>.), the inhabitants of the smaller Antilles;

which form of the name was afterward changed into NL.

<ets>Canibales</ets>, in order to express more forcibly their

character by a word intelligible through a Latin root \'bdpropter

rabiem <ets>caninam</ets> anthropophagorum gentis.\'b8 The

Caribbees call themselves, in their own language.

<ets>Calinago</ets>, <ets>Carinago</ets>, <ets>Calliponam</ets>,

and, abbreviated, <ets>Calina</ets>, signifying a brave, from

which Columbus formed his <ets>Caribales</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

human being that eats human flesh; hence, any that devours its

own kind.</def>



<au>Darwin.</au>



<hw>Can"ni*bal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Relating to

cannibals or cannibalism.</def> \'bd<xex>Cannibal</xex>

terror.\'b8



<au>Burke.</au>



<hw>Can"ni*bal*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>cannibalisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or practice of

eating human flesh by mankind. Hence; Murderous cruelty;

barbarity.</def>



<au>Berke.</au>



<hw>Can"ni*bal*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In the manner of

cannibal.</def> \'bdAn he had been <xex>cannibally</xex>

given.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Can"ni*kin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Can</ets> + <ets>-kin</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small can

or drinking vessel.</def>



<hw>Can"ni*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a canny manner.</def>

<mark>[N. of Eng. & Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Can"ni*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Caution; crafty

management.</def> <mark>[N. of Eng. & Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Can"non</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl.<plw>Cannons</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, collectively

<plw>Cannon</plw>.</plu> <ety>[F. <ets>cannon</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>canna</ets> reed, pipe, tube. See <er>Cane</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A great gun; a piece of ordnance or artillery; a

firearm for discharging heavy shot with great force.</def>



<note><hand/ Cannons are made of various materials, as iron,

brass, bronze, and steel, and of various sizes and shapes with

respect to the special service for which they are intended, as

intended, as siege, seacoast, naval, field, or mountain, guns.

They always aproach more or less nearly to a cylindrical from,

being usually thicker toward the breech than at the muzzle.

Formerly they were cast hollow, afterwards they were cast, solid,

and bored out. The cannon now most in use for the armament of war

vessels and for seacoast defense consists of a forged steel tube

reinforced with massive steel rings shrunk upon it. Howitzers and

mortars are sometimes called cannon. See <er>Gun</er>.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A hollow cylindrical piece

carried by a revolving shaft, on which it may, however, revolve

independently.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Printing.)</fld> <def>A kind of type. See

<er>Canon</er>.</def>



<cs><col>Cannon ball</col>, <cd>strictly, a round solid missile

of stone or iron made to be fired from a cannon, but now often

applied to a missile of any shape, whether solid or hollow, made

for cannon. Elongated and cylindrical missiles are sometimes

called <xex>bolts<xex>; hollow ones charged with explosives are

properly called <xex>shells<xex>.</cd> -- <col>Cannon

bullet</col>, <cd>a cannon ball</cd>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> --

<col>Cannon cracker</col></mcol>, <cd>a fire cracker of large

size.</cd> -- <col>Cannon lock</col>, <cd>a device for firing a

cannon by a percussion primer.</cd> -- <col>Cannon metal</col>.

<cd>See <er>Gun Metal</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cannon pinion</col>,

<cd>the pinion on the minute hand arbor of a watch or clock,

which drives the hand but permits it to be moved in setting.</cd>

-- <col>Cannon proof</col>, <cd>impenetrable by cannon

balls.</cd> -- <col>Cannon shot</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> A cannon

ball. <sd>(b)</sd> The range of a cannon.</cd></cs>



<hw>Can"non</hw>, <pos>n. & v.</pos> <fld>(Billiards)</fld>

<def>See <er>Carom</er>.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Can"non*ade"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>Canonnade</ets>; cf. It. <ets>cannanata</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of discharging cannon and throwing ball,

shell, etc., for the purpose of destroying an army, or battering

a town, ship, or fort; -- usually, an attack of some

continuance.</def>



<q>A furious <qex>cannonade</qex> was kept up from the whole

circle of batteries on the devoted towm.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.; A loud noise like a cannonade; a

booming.</def>



<q>Blue Walden rolls its <qex>cannonade</qex>.</q>

<qau>Ewerson.</qau>



<hw>Can`non*ade"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. &

p. p.</pos> <er>Cannonade</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Cannonading</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To attack with heavy

artillery; to batter with cannon shot.</def>



<hw>Can`non*ade"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To discharge cannon;

<as>as, the army <ex>cannonaded</ex> all day</as>.</def>



<hw>Can"non bone</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See

<cref>Canon Bone</cref>.</def>



<hw>Can"noned</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Furnished

with cannon.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark> \'bdGilbralter's

<qex>cannoned</qex> steep.\'b8</q> <au>M. Arnold.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Can`non*eer"</hw>, <hw>Can`non*ier"</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>canonnier</ets>.]</ety>

<def>A man who manages, or fires, cannon.</def>



<hw>Can`non*er"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The use of

cannon.</def>



<au>Burke.</au>



<hw>Can"non*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Cannon,

collectively; artillery.</def>



<q>The ringing of bells and roaring of <qex>cannonry</qex>

proclaimed his course through the country.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<hw>Can"not</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[<ets>Can</ets> to be able _

<ets>-not</ets>.]</ety> <def>Am, is, or are, not able; -- written

either as one word or two.</def>



<hw>Can"nu*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cannula</ets> a small tube of dim. of <ets>canna</ets> a

reed, tube.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>A small tube of metal,

wood, or India rubber, used for various purposes, esp. for

injecting or withdrawing fluids. It is usually associated with a

trocar.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>canula</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Can"nu*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having the

form of a tube; tubular.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>canular</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Can"nu*la`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Hollow;

affording a passage through its interior length for wire, thread,

etc.; <as>as, a <ex>cannulated</ex> (suture) needle</as>.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>canulated</asp>.]</altsp>



<mhw>{ <hw>Can"ny</hw>, <hw>Can"nei</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>kenn</ets> skilled, learned,

or E. <ets>canny</ets>. Cf. <er>Kenn</er>.]</ety> <mark>[North of

Eng. & Scot.]</mark> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Artful; cunning; shrewd;

wary.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Skillful; knowing; capable.</def>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Cautious; prudent; safe..</def>



<au>Ramsay.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Having pleasing of useful qualities;

gentle.</def>



<au>Burns.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Reputed to have magical powers.</def>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<cs><col>No canny</col>, <cd>not safe, not fortunate;

unpropitious. <mark>[Scot.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Ca*noe"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Canoes</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[Sp. <ets>canoa</ets>,

fr. Caribbean <ets>can\'a0oa</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

boat used by rude nations, formed of trunk of a tree, excavated,

by cutting of burning, into a suitable shape. It is propelled by

a paddle or paddles, or sometimes by sail, and has no

rudder.</def>



<q>Others devised the boat of one tree, called the

<qex>canoe</qex>.</q>

<qau>Raleigh.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A boat made of bark or skins, used by

savages.</def>



<q>A birch <qex>canoe</qex>, with paddles, rising, falling, on

the water.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A light pleasure boat, especially designed for

use by one who goes alone upon long excursions, including

portage. It it propelled by a paddle, or by a small sail attached

to a temporary mast.</def>



<-- p. 211 -->



<hw>Ca*noe"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Canoed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n</pos>. <er>Canoeing</er>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To manage a canoe, or voyage in

a canoe.</def>



<hw>Ca*noe"ing</hw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act or art of using a

canoe.</def>



<hw>Ca*noe"ist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

canoeman.</def>



<hw>Ca*noe"man</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Canoemen</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr>. <def>One who uses a canoe; one who travels in a

canoe.</def>



<q>Cabins and clearing greeted the eye of the passing

<qex>canoeman</qex>.</q>

<qau>Parkman.</qau>



<hw>Can"on</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos></plu> <ety>[OE.

<ets>canon</ets>, <ets>canoun</ets>, AS. <ets>canon</ets> rule

(cf. F. <ets>canon</ets>, LL. <ets>canon</ets>, and, for sense 7,

F. <ets>chanoine</ets>, LL. <ets>canonicus</ets>), fr. L.

<ets>canon</ets> a measuring line, rule, model, fr. Gr. <?/ rule,

rod, fr. <?/, <?/, red. See <er>Cane</er>, and cf.

<er>Canonical</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A law or rule.</def>



<q>Or that the Everlasting had not fixed

His <qex>canon</qex> 'gainst self-slaughter.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A law, or rule of doctrine or

discipline, enacted by a council and confirmed by the pope or the

sovereign; a decision, regulation, code, or constitution made by

ecclesiastical authority.</def>



<q>Various <qex>canons</qex> which were made in councils held in

the second centry.</q>

<qau>Hock.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The collection of books received as genuine Holy

Scriptures, called the <xex>sacred canon</xex>, or general rule

of moral and religious duty, given by inspiration; the Bible;

also, any one of the canonical Scriptures. See <cref>Canonical

books</cref>, under <er>Canonical</er>, a.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>In monasteries, a book containing the rules of a

religious order.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A catalogue of saints sckowledged and canonized

in the Roman Catholic Church.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A member of a cathedral chapter; a person who

possesses a prebend in a cathedral or collegiate church.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A musical composition in which

the voice begin one after another, at regular intervals,

succesively taking up the same subject. It either winds up with a

<xex>coda</xex> (tailpiece), or, as each voice finishes,

commences anew, thus forming a perpetual fugue or round. It is

the strictest form of imitation. See <er>Imitation</er>.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>The largest size of type

having a specific name; -- so called from having been used for

printing the canons of the church.</def>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>The part of a bell by which it is suspended; --

called also <altname>ear</altname> and

<altname>shank</altname>.</def> <note>[See <xex>Illust</xex>. of

<er>Bell</er>.]</note>



<au>Knight.</au>



<sn>10.</sn> <fld>(Billiards)</fld> <def>See

<er>Carom</er>.</def>



<cs><col>Apostolical canons</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Apostolical</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Augustinian

canons</col>, <col>Black canons</col></mcol>. <cd>See under

<er>Augustinian</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Canon capitular</col>,

<col>Canon residentiary</col></mcol>, <cd>a resident member of a

cathedral chapter (during a part or the whole of the year).</cd>

-- <col>Canon law</col>. <cd>See under <er>Law</er>.</cd> --

<col>Canon of the Mass</col> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>, <cd>that

part of the mass, following the Sanctus, which never

changes.</cd> -- <col>Honorary canon</col>, <cd>a canon who

neither lived in a monastery, nor kept the canonical hours.</cd>

-- <col>Minor canon</col> <fld>(Ch. of Eng.)</fld>, <cd>one who

has been admitted to a chapter, but has not yet received a

prebend.</cd> -- <col>Regular canon</col> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>,

<cd>one who lived in a conventual community and follower the rule

of St. Austin; a Black canon.</cd> -- <col>Secular canon</col>

<fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>, <cd>one who did not live in a monastery,

but kept the hours.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Ca*\'a4on"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp., a

tube or hollow, fr. <ets>ca\'a4a</ets> reed, fr. L.

<ets>canna</ets>. See <er>Cane</er>.]</ety> <def>A deep gorge,

ravine, or gulch, between high and steep banks, worn by water

courses.</def> <mark>[Mexico & Western U. S.]</mark>



<hw>Can"on bit`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[F. <ets>canon</ets>, fr.

L. <ets>canon</ets> a rule.]</ety> <def>That part of a bit which

is put in a horse's mouth.</def>



<hw>Can"on bone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[F. <ets>canon</ets>,

fr. L. <ets>canon</ets> a rule. See <er>canon</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The shank bone, or great bone above the

fetlock, in the fore and hind legs of the horse and allied

animals, corresponding to the middle metacarpal or metatarsal

bone of most mammals. See <er>Horse</er>.</def>



<hw>Can"on*ess</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. LL.

<ets>canonissa</ets>.]</ety> <def>A woman who holds a canonry in

a conventual chapter.</def>



<cs><col>Regular canoness</col>, <cd>one bound by the poverty,

and observing a strict rule of life.</cd> -- <col>Secular

canoness</col>, <cd>one allowed to hold private property, and

bound only by vows of chastity and obedience so long as she chose

to remain in the chapter.</cd></cs>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ca*non"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Can*non"ic*al</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cannonicus</ets>, LL. <ets>canonicalis</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>canon</ets>: cf. F. <ets>canonique</ets>. See

<er>canon</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a canon;

established by, or according to a , canon or canons.</def>

\'bdThe oath of <xex>canonical</xex> obedience.\'b8



<au>Hallam.</au>



<cs><mcol><col>Canonical books</col>, <or/ <col>Canonical

Scriptures</col></mcol>, <cd>those books which are declared by

the canons of the church to be of divine inspiration; -- called

collectively <xex>the canon<xex>. The Roman Catolic Church holds

as canonical several books which Protestants reject as

apocryphal.</cd> -- <col>Canonical epistles</col>, <cd>an

appellation given to the epistles called also <xex>general<xex>

or <xex>catholic<xex>. See <cref>Catholic epistles</cref>, under

<er>Canholic</er>.</cd> -- <col>Canonical form</col>

<fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>the simples or most symmetrical form to

which all functions of the same class can be reduced without lose

of generality.</cd> -- <col>Canonical hours</col>, <cd>certain

stated times of the day, fixed by ecclesiastical laws, and

appropriated to the offices of prayer and devotion; also, certain

portions of the Breviary, to be used at stated hours of the day.

In England, this name is also given to the hours from 8 <sc>a.

m.</sc> to 3 <sc>p. m.</sc> (formerly 8 <sc>a. m.</sc> to 12

<sc>m.</sc>) before and after which marriage can not be legally

performed in any parish church.</cd> -- <col>Canonical

letters</col>, <cd>letters of several kinds, formerly given by a

dishop to traveling clergymam or laymen, to show that they were

entitled to receive the cammunion, and to distinguish them from

heretics.</cd> -- <col>Canonical life</col>, <cd>the method or

rule of living prescribed by the ancient cleargy who lived in

community; a course of living prescribed for the clergy, less

rigid that the monastic, and more restrained that the

secular.</cd> -- <col>Canonical obedience</col>, <cd>submission

to the canons of a canons of a church, especially the submission

of the inferior cleargy to their bishops, and of other religious

orders to their supriors.</cd> -- <col>Canonical

punishments</col>, <cd>such as the church may inflict, as

excommunication, degradation, penance, etc.</cd> --

<col>Canonical sins</col> <fld>(Anc. Church.)</fld>, <cd>those

for which capital punishment or puplic penance decreed by the

canon was inflicted, as idolatry, murder, adultery,

heresy.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ca*non"ic*al*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv. In a canonical

manner</pos><def>; <xex>according to the canons</xex>.</def>



<hw>Ca*non"ic*al*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of

being canonical; canonicity.</def>



<au>Bp. Burnet.</au>



<hw>Ca*non"ic*als</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>The

dress prescribed by canon to be worn by a clergyman when

oficiating. Sometimes, any distinctive professional dress.</def>



<cs><col>Full canonicals</col>, <cd>the complete costume of an

officiating clergyman or ecclesiastic.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ca*non"i*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>canonucatus</ets> canonical: cf. F.

<ets>canonicat</ets>.]</ety> <def>The office of a canon; a

canonry.</def>



<hw>Can`on*ic"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>canonicit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of

being canonical; agreement with the canon.</def>



<hw>Can"on*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>canoniste</ets>.]</ety> <def>A professor of canon law; one

skilled in the knowledge and practice of ecclesiastical

law.</def>



<au>South.</au>



<hw>Can`on*is"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to a canonist.</def> \'bdThis <xex>canonistic</xex>

exposition.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Can`on*i*za"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>canonisation</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>The final process or

decree (following beatifacation) by which the name of a deceased

person is placed in the catalogue (canon) of saints and commended

to perpetual veneration and invocation.</def>



<q><qex>Canonization</qex> of saints was not known to the

Christian church titl toward the middle of the tenth century.</q>

<qau>Hoock.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being canonized or sainted.</def>



<hw>Can"on*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Canonized</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Canonizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>canoniser</ets>

or LL. <ets>canonizare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>canon</ets>.. See

<er>Canon</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>To

declare (a deceased person) a saint; to put in the catalogue of

saints; <as>as, Thomas a Becket was

<ex>canonized</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To glorify; to exalt to the highest honor.</def>



<q>Fame in time to come <qex>canonize</qex> us.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To rate as inspired; to include in the

canon.</def><mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Can"on*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<er>Canonries</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>. <def>A benefice or prebend in

a cathedral or collegiate church; a right to a place in chapter

and to a portion of its revenues; the dignity or emoluments of a

canon.</def>



<hw>Can"on*ship</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of

pertaining to Canopus in egypt; <as>as, the <ex>Canopic</ex>

vases, used in embalming</as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ca*no"pus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Canopus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, town of Egypt.]</ety>

<fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A star of the first magnitude in the

southern constellation Argo.</def>



<hw>Can"o*py</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Canopies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[Oe.

<ets>canopie</ets>, F. <ets>canop\'82</ets>sofa, Of

<ets>canop\'82e</ets>, <ets>canopeu</ets>, <ets>canopieu</ets>,

canopy, vail, pavilion (cf. It. <ets>canep\'8a</ets>canopy,

sofa), LL. <ets>canopeum</ets> a bed with mosquito curtains, fr.

Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ gnat, <?/ cone + <?/ face. See <er>Cone</er>,

and <er>Optic</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A covering fixed over

a bed, dais, or the like, or carried on poles over an exalted

personage or a sacred object, etc. chiefly as a mark of

honor.</def> \'bdGolden <xex>canoniec</xex> and beds of

state.\'b8



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An ornamental

projection, over a door, window, niche, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>Also, a roofike covering, supported on pilars over an altar,

a statue, a fountain, etc.</def>



<hw>Can"o*py</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Canopes</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Canopying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cover with, or

as with, a canopy.</def> \'bdA bank with ivy

<xex>canopied</xex>.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Ca*no"rous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>canorus</ets>, from <ets>nor</ets> melody, fr.

<ets>canere</ets> to sing.]</ety> <def>Melodious; musical.</def>

\'bdBirds that are most <xex>canorous</xex>.\'b8



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<q>A long, lound, and <qex>canorous</qex> peal of laughter.</q>

<qau>De Quincey.</qau>



<hw>Ca*no"rous*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

musical.</def>



<q>He chooses his language for its rich

<qex>canorousness</qex>.</q>

<qau>Lowell.</qau>



<hw>Can"stick`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Candlestick.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Cant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF., edge, angle,

prof. from L. <ets>canthus</ets> the iron ring round a carriage

wheel, a wheel, Gr. <?/ the corner of the eye, the felly of a

wheel; cf. W. <ets>cant</ets> the stake or tire of a wheel. Cf.

<er>Canthus</er>, <er>Canton</er>, <er>Cantle</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A corner; angle; niche.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The first and principal person in the temple was Irene, or

Peace; she was placed aloft in a <qex>cant</qex>.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An outer or external angle.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An inclination from a horizontal or vertical

line; a slope or bevel; a titl.</def>



<au>Totten.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A sudden thrust, push, kick, or other impulse,

producing a bias or change of direction; also, the bias or turn

so give; <as>as, to give a ball a <ex>cant</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Coopering)</fld> <def>A segment forming a side

piece in the head of a cask.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A segment of he rim of a

wooden cogwheel.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A piece of wood laid upon

athe deck of a vessel to support the bulkneads.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Cant frames</col>, <col>Cant timbers</col></mcol>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>timber at the two ends of a ship, rising

obliquely from the keel.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cant</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp & p.

p.</pos> <er>Canted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. N.</pos>

<er>Canting</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To incline; to

set at an angle; to titl over; to tip upon the edge; <as>as, to

<ex>cant</ex> a cask; to <ex>cant</ex> a ship.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To give a sudden turn or new direction to;

<as>as, to <ex>cant</ex> round a stick of timber; to

<ex>cant</ex> a football.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To cut off an angle from, as from a square piece

of timber, or from the head of a bolt.</def>



<hw>Cant</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. from OF.

<ets>cant</ets>, F. <ets>chant</ets>, singing, in allusion to the

singing or whining tine of voice used by beggars, fr. L.

<ets>cantus</ets>. See <er>Chant</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An

affected, singsong mode of speaking.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The idioms and peculiarities of speech in any

sect, class, or occupation.</def>



<au>Goldsmith.</au>



<q>The <qex>cant</qex> of any profession.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The use of religious phraseology without

understanding or sincerity; empty, solemn speech, implying what

is not felt; hypocrisy.</def>



<q>They shall hear no <qex>cant</qex> from<?/.</q>

<qau>F. W. Robertson</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Vulgar jargon; slang; the secret language spoker

by gipsies, thieves. tramps, or beggars.</def>



<hw>Cant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of the nature of

cant; affected; vulgar.</def>



<q>To introduce and multiply <qex>cant</qex> words in the most

ruinous corruption in any language.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<hw>Cant</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To speak in a

whining voice, or an affected, sinsong tone.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make whining pretensions to goodness; to talk

with an affectation of religion, philanthropy, etc.; to practice

hypocrisy; <as>as, a <ex>canting</ex> fanatic</as>.</def>



<q>The rankest rogue that ever <qex>canted</qex>.</q>

<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To use pretentious language, barbarous jargon,

or technical termes; to talk with an affectation of

learning.</def>



<q>The doctor here,

When he discqurseth of dissection,

Of vena cava and of vena porta,

The meser\'91um and the mesentericum,

What does he else but <qex>cant</qex>.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson</qau>



<q>That uncouth affected garb of speech, or <qex>canting</qex>

hanguage, if I may so call it.</q>

<qau>Bp. Sanderson.</qau>



<hw>Cant</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. from OF.

<ets>cant</ets>, equiv. to L. <ets>quantum</ets>; cf. F.

<ets>encan</ets>, fr. L. <ets>in quantum</ets>, i.e. \'bdfor how

much?\'b8]</ety> <def>A all for bidders at a public sale; an

auction.</def> \'bdTo sell their leases by <xex>cant</xex>.\'b8



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>Cant</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>to sell by auction, or bid a

price at a sale by auction.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>Can't</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A colloquial contraction for

<xex>can not</xex>.</def>



<hw>Can"tab</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Abbreviated

from <ets>Cantabrigian</ets>.]</ety> <def>A Cantabrigian.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>\'d8Can*ta"bi*le</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[It.,

<ets>cantare</ets> to sing.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>In a

melodious, flowing style; in a singing style, as opposed to

<xex>bravura</xex>, <xex>recitativo</xex>, or

<xex>parlando</xex>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Can*ta"bi*le</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A

piece or pessage, whether vocal or instrumental, pecuilarly

adapted to singing; -- sometimes called

<xex>cantilena</xex>.</def>



<hw>Can*ta"bri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Cantabria on the Bay of Biscay in Spain.</def>



<hw>Can`ta*brig"i*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

native or resident of Cambridge; esp. a student or graduate of

the university of Cambridge, England.</def>



<hw>Can"ta*lev`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Can</ets> an extermal angle + <ets>lever</ets> a

supported of the roof timber of a house.]</ety> <ety>[Written

also <ets>cantaliver</ets> and <ets>cantilever</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A bracket to support a

balcony, a cornice, or the like.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Engin.)</fld> <def>A projecting beam, truss, or

bridge unsupported at the outer end; one which overhangs.</def>



<cs><col>Cantalever bridge</col>, <cd>a bridge in which the

principle of the cantalever is applied. It is usually a trussed

bridge, composed of two portions reaching out from opposite

banks, and supported near the middle of their own length on piers

which they overhang, thus forming cantalevers which meet over the

space to be spanned or sustain a third portion, to complete the

connection.</cd></cs>



<hw>Can"ta*loupe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>cantaloup</ets>, It. <ets>cantalupo</ets>, so called from

the caste of <ets>Cantalupo</ets>, in the Marca d'Ancona, in

Italy, where they were first grown in Europe, from seed said to

have been imported from Armenia.]</ety> <def>A muskmelon of

several varieties, having when mature, a yellowish skin, and

flesh of a reddish orange color.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>cantaleup</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Can*tan"ker*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Perverse; contentious; ugly; malicious.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Can*tan"ker*ous*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Can*tan"ker*ous*ness</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<q>The <qex>cantankerous</qex> old maiden aunt.</q>

<qau>Theckeray.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Can"tar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>\'d8Can*tar"ro</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It. <ets>cantaro</ets>

(in sense 1), Sp. <ets>cantaro</ets> (in sense 2).]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A weight used in southern Europe and East for

heavy articles. It varies in different localities; thus, at Rome

it is nearly 75 pounds, in Sardinia nearly 94 pounds, in Cairo it

is 95 pounds, in Syria about 503 pounds.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A liquid measure in Spain, ranging from two and

a half to four gallons.</def>



<au>Simmonds.</au>



<hw>\'d8Can*ta"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It., fr.

<ets>cantare</ets> to sing, fr. L. <ets>cantare</ets> intens of

<ets>canere</ets> to sing.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A poem

set to music; a musical composition comprising choruses, solos,

interludes, etc., arranged in a somewhat dramatic manner;

originally, a composition for a single noise, consisting of both

recitative and melody.</def>



<hw>Can*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cantatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A singing.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Blount.</au>



<hw>Cant"a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Caontaining cant or affectation; whining; singing.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Can`ta*tri"ce</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A female professional

singer.</def>



<hw>Cant"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From 2d

<er>Cant</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having angles; <as>as, a

six <ex>canted</ex> bolt head; a <ex>canted</ex>

window.</as></def>



<cs><col>Canted column</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a column

polygonal in plan.</cd></cs>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Inclined at an angle to something else; tipped;

sloping.</def>



<hw>Can*teen"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>cantine</ets> bottle case, canteen (cf. Sp. & It.

<ets>cantina</ets> cellar, bottle case), either contr. fr. It.

<ets>canovettina</ets>, dim. of <ets>canova</ets> cellar, or,

more likely, fr. OF. <ets>cant</ets>. corner, It. & Sp.

<ets>canto</ets>. See 1st <er>Cant</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A vessel used by soldiers for carrying water,

liquor, or other drink.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>cantine</asp>..]</altsp>



<note><hand/ In the English service the <xex>canteen</xex> is

made of wood and holds three pints; in the United States it is

usually a tin flask.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The sulter's shop in a garrison; also, a chest

containing culinary and other vessels for officers.</def>



<hw>Can"tel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Cantle</er>.</def>



<hw>Can"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[An

abbreviation of <ets>Caner bury</ets>. See <ets>Canterbury

gallop</ets>, under <er>Canterbury</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A moderate and easy gallop adapted to pleasure riding.</def>



<note><hand/ The <xex>canter</xex> is a thoroughly artificial

pace, at first extremely tiring to the horse, and generally only

to be produced in him by the restraint of a powerful bit, which

compels him to throw a great part of his weight on his haunches .

. . There is so great a variety in the mode adopted by different

horses for performing the canter, that no single description will

suffice, nor indeed is it easy . . . to define any one of

them.</note>



<au>J. H. Walsh.</au>



<-- p. 212 -->



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A rapid or easy passing over.</def>



<q>A rapid <qex>canter</qex> in the Times over all the

topics.</q>

<qau>Sir J. Stephen.</qau>



<hw>Can"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Cantered</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Cantering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To move in a canter.</def>



<hw>Can"ter</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cause, as a horse, to

go at a canter; to ride (a horse) at a canter.</def>



<hw>Cant"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who cants or

whines; a beggar.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who makes hypocritical pretensions to

goodness; one who uses canting language.</def>



<q>The day when he was a <qex>canter</qex> and a rebel.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Can"ter*bur*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A city in England, giving its name various articles. It is

the seat of the Archbishop of Canterbury (primate of all

England), and contains the shrine of Thomas \'85 Becket, to which

pilgrimages were formerly made.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A stand with divisions in it for holding music,

loose papers, etc.</def>



<cs><col>Canterbury ball</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species

of <spn>Campanula</spn> of several varietes, cultivated for its

handsome bell-shaped flowers.</cd> -- <col>Canterbury

gallop</col>, <cd>a gentle gallop such as was used by pilgrims

riding, to Canterbury; a canter. -- Canterbury table, one of the

tales which Chaucer puts into the mouths of certain pilgrims to

Canterbury. Hence, any tale told by travelers pass away the

time.</cd></cs>



<hw>Can*thar"*i*dal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to cantharides or made of cantharides; <as>as,

<ex>cantharidal</ex> plaster</as>.</def>



<hw>Can*thar"i*des</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>See

<er>cantharis</er>.</def>



<hw>Can*thar"i*din</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The active principe of the cantharis, or

Spanish fly, a volatile, acrid, bitter solid, crystallizing in

four-sided prisms.</def>



<hw>Can"tha*ris</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Cantharides</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L., a kind of

beetle, esp. the Spanish fly, Gr. <?/.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A beetle (<spn>Lytta, <or/ Cantharis,

vesicatoria</spn>), having an elongated cylindrical body of a

brilliant green color, and a nauseous odor; the blister fly or

blister beetle, of the apothecary; -- also called

<altname>Spanish fly</altname>. Many other species of

<spn>Lytta</spn>, used for the same purpose, take the same name.

See <cref>Blister beetle</cref>, under <er>Blister</er>. The

plural form in usually applied to the dried insects used in

medicine.</def>



<hw>Cant" hook`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A wooden lever with a

movable iron hook. hear the end; -- used for canting or turning

over heavy logs, etc.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>



<au>Bartlett.</au>



<hw>Can"tho*plas`ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr.<?/, corner of the eye + <?/ to from.]</ety>

<fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>The operation of forming a new canthus,

when one has been destroyed by injury or disease.</def>



<hw>\'d8Can"thus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Canthi</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr.

<?/.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The corner where the upper

and under eyelids meet on each side of the eye.</def>



<hw>Can"ti*cle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Canticles</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L.

<ets>canticulum</ets> a little song, dim. of <ets>canticum</ets>

song, fr. <ets>cantus</ets> a singing, fr. <ets>coner</ets> to

sing. See <er>Chant</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A song; esp. a

little song or hymn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl</pluf>. <def>The Song of Songs or Song of

Solomon, one of the books of the Old Testament.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A canto or division of a poem</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A psalm, hymn, or passage from the Bible,

arranged for chanting in church service.</def>



<hw>Can"ti*coy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Of American

Indian origin.]</ety> <def>A social gathering; usually, one for

dancing.</def>



<hw>Can"tile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Cantle</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos></def>



<hw>\'d8Can`ti*le"na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It. &

L.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>See <er>Cantabile</er>.</def>



<hw>Can"ti*lev`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Cantalever</er>.</def>



<hw>Can"til*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cantillatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>cantillare</ets> to sing

low, dim. of <ets>cantare</ets>. See <er>Cantata</er>.]</ety>

<def>To chant; to recite with musical tones.</def>



<au>M. Stuart.</au>



<hw>Can`til*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

chanting; recitation or reading with musical modulations.</def>



<hw>Can*tine"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Canteen</er>.</def>



<hw>Cant"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Speaking in a

whining tone of voice; using technical or religious terms

affectedly; affectedly pious; <as>as, a <ex>canting</ex> rogue; a

<ex>canting</ex> tone.</as></def>



- <wordforms><wf>Cant"ing*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Cant"ing*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<cs><mcol><col>Canting arms</col>, <col>Canting

heraldry</col></mcol> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>bearings in the

nature of a rebus alluding to the name of the bearer. Thus, the

<xex>Castletons<xex> bear three castles, and Pope Adrian IV.

(Nicholas Breakspeare) bore a broken spear.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cant"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The use of cant;

hypocrisy.</def>



<hw>\'d8Can`ti*niere"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,

fr. <ets>cantine</ets> a sutler's shop, canteen.]</ety>

<fld>(Mil)</fld> <def>A woman who carries a canteen for soldiers;

a vivandi\'8are.</def>



<hw>Can"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cantio</ets>, from <ets>canere</ets> to sing.]</ety> <def>A

song or verses.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Can"tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>cantel</ets>, <ets>chantel</ets>, corner, side, piece, F.

<ets>chanteau</ets> a piece cut from a larger piece, dim. of OF.

<ets>cant</ets> edge, corner. See 1st <er>Cant</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A corner or edge of anything; a piece; a

fragment; a part.</def> \'bdIn one <xex>cantle</xex> of his

law.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<q>Cuts me from the best of all my land

A huge half moon, a monstrous <qex>cantle</qex> out.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The upwardly projecting rear part of saddle,

opposite to the pommel.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>cante</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Can"tle</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cut in pieces; to cut

out from.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>cantile</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Cant"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Dim. of

<ets>cantle</ets>.]</ety> <def>A piece; a fragment; a

corner.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Can"to</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Cantos</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[It. <ets>canto</ets>,

fr. L. <ets>cantus</ets> singing, song. See

<er>Chant</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One of the chief

divisions of a long poem; a book.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The highest vocal part; the

air or melody in choral music; anciently the tenor, now the

soprano.</def>



<cs><col>\'d8Canto fermo</col> <pr>(<?/)</pr> <ety>[It.]</ety>

<fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>the plain ecclesiastical chant in

cathedral service; the plain song.</cd></cs>



<hw>Can"ton</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A song or

canto</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Write loyal <qex>cantons</qex> of contemned love.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Can"ton</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>canton</ets>, augm.

of OF. <ets>cant</ets> edge, corner. See 1st

<er>Cant</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A small portion; a

division; a compartment.</def>



<q>That little <qex>canton</qex> of land called the \'bdEnglish

pale\'b8</q>

<qau>Davies.</qau>



<q>There is another piece of Holbein's, . . . in which, in six

several <qex>cantons</qex>, the several parts of our Savior's

passion are represented.</q>

<qau>Bp. Burnet.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A small community or clan.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A small territorial district; esp. one of the

twenty-two independent states which form the Swiss federal

republic; in France, a subdivision of an arrondissement. See

<er>Arrondissement</er>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A division of a shield

occupying one third part of the chief, usually on the dexter

side, formed by a perpendicular line from the top of the shield,

meeting a horizontal line from the side.</def>



<q>The king gave us the arms of England to be borne in a

<qex>canton</qex> in our arms.</q>

<qau>Evelyn.</qau>



<hw>Can"ton</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Cantoned</er> ; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Cantoning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf.

F.<ets>cantonner</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To divide into

small parts or districts; to mark off or separate, as a distinct

portion or division.</def>



<q>They <qex>canton</qex> out themselves a little Goshen in the

intellectual world.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To allot separate quarters to,

as to different parts or divisions of an army or body of

troops.</def>



<hw>Can"ton*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to a canton or cantons; of the nature of a

canton.</def>



<hw>Can"ton crape"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A soft, white or

colored silk fabric, of a gauzy texture and wavy appearance, used

for ladies' scarfs, shawls, bonnet trimmings, etc.; -- called

also <altname>Oriental crape</altname>.</def>



<au>De Colange.</au>



<hw>Can"toned</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Having a charge in each of the four

corners; -- said of a cross on a shield, and also of the shield

itself.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Having the angles marked by,

or decorated with, projecting moldings or small columns; <as>as,

a <ex>cantoned</ex> pier or pilaster</as>.</def>



<hw>Can"ton flan"nel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>See <er>Cotton

flannel</er>.</def>



<hw>Can"ton*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To

divide into cantons or small districts.</def>



<hw>Can"ton*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>cantonnement</ets>.]</ety> <def>A town or village, or part

of a town or village, assigned to a body of troops for quarters;

temporary shelter or place of rest for an army; quarters.</def>



<note><hand/ When troops are sheltered in huts or quartered in

the houses of the people during any suspension of hostilities,

they are said to be in <xex>cantonment</xex>, or to be cantoned.

In India, permanent military stations, or military towns, are

termed <xex>cantonments</xex>.</note>



<hw>Can*toon"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A cotton

stuff showing a fine cord on one side and a satiny surface on the

other.</def>



<hw>Can"tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a singer,

fr. <ets>caner</ets> to sing.]</ety> <def>A singer; esp. the

leader of a church choir; a precentor.</def>



<q>The <qex>cantor</qex> of the church intones the Te Deum.</q>

<qau>Milman.</qau>



<hw>Can"tor*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

belonging to a cantor.</def>



<cs><col>Cantoral staff</col>, <cd>the official staff or baton of

a cantor or precentor, with which time is marked for the

singers.</cd></cs>



<hw>Can*to"ris</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L., lit.,

of the cantor, gen. of <ets>cantor</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or

pertaining to a cantor; <as>as, the <ex>cantoris</ex> side of a

choir; a <ex>cantoris</ex> stall.</as></def>



<au>Shipley.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Can"trap</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Can"trip</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Icel.

<ets>gandar</ets>, ODan. & OSw. <ets>gan</ets>, witchcraft, and

E. <ets>trap</ets> a snare, <ets>tramp</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

charm; an incantation; a shell; a trick; adroit mischief.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>cantraip</asp>.]</altsp>

<mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>Can"tred</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>\'d8Can"tref</hw>,

}</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[W. <ets>cantref</ets>;

<ets>cant</ets> hundred + <ets>tref</ets> dwelling place,

village.]</ety> <def>A district comprising a hundred villages, as

in Wales.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>kantry</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Can"ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Cheerful;

sprightly; lively; merry.</def> \'bdThe <xex>canty</xex>

dame.\'b8



<au>Wordsworth <mark>[Scot. & Prov. Eng.]</mark></au>



<q>Contented with little, and <qex>canty</qex> with mair.</q>

<qau>Burns.</qau>



<hw>Ca*nuck"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

Canadian.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A small or medium-sized hardy horse, common in

Canada.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>Can"u*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>,

<hw>Can"u*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>,

<hw>Can"u*la`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>See <er>Cannula</er>, <er>Cannular</er>, and

<er>Cannulated</er>.</def>



<hw>Can"vas</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>canvas</ets>, <ets>canevas</ets>, F. <ets>canevas</ets>, LL.

<ets>canabacius</ets> hempen cloth, canvas, L.

<ets>cannabis</ets> hemp, fr. G. <?/. See <er>Hemp</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A strong cloth made of hemp, flax, or cotton; --

used for tents, sails, etc.</def>



<q>By glimmering lanes and walls of <qex>canvas</qex> led.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A coarse cloth so woven as to form

regular meshes for working with the needle, as in tapestry, or

worsted work.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A piece of strong cloth of

which the surface has been prepared to receive painting, commonly

painting in oil.</def>



<q>History . . . does not bring out clearly upon the

<qex>canvas</qex> the details which were familiar.</q>

<qau>J. H. Newman.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Something for which canvas is used: <sd>(a)</sd>

A sail, or a collection of sails. <sd>(b)</sd> A tent, or a

collection of tents. <sd>(c)</sd> A painting, or a picture on

canvas.</def>



<q>To suit his <qex>canvas</qex> to the roughness of the see.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<q>Light, rich as that which glows on the <qex>canvas</qex> of

Claude.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A rough draft or model of a song, air, or other

literary or musical composition; esp. one to show a poet the

measure of the verses he is to make.</def>



<au>Grabb.</au>



<hw>Can"vas</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Made of, pertaining to, or

resembling, canvas or coarse cloth; <as>as, a <ex>canvas</ex>

tent</as>.</def>



<hw>Can"vas*back`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A Species of duck (<spn>Aythya

vallisneria</spn>), esteemed for the delicacy of its flesh. It

visits the United States in autumn; particularly Chesapeake Bay

and adjoining waters; -- so named from the markings of the

plumage on its back.</def>



<hw>Can"vass</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>canvassed</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Canvassing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>Canabasser</ets>

to examine curiously, to search or sift out; properly, to sift

through canvas. See <er>Canvas</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To sift; to strain; to examine thoroughly; to

scrutinize; <as>as, to <ex>canvass</ex> the votes cast at an

election; to <ex>canvass</ex> a district with reference to its

probable vote.</as></def>



<q>I have made careful search on all hands, and

<qex>canvassed</qex> the matter with all possible diligence.</q>

<qau>Woodward.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To examine by discussion; to debate.</def>



<q>An opinion that we are likely soon to <qex>canvass</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To go trough, with personal solicitation or

public addresses; <as>as, to <ex>canvass</ex> a district for

votes; to <ex>canvass</ex> a city for subscriptions.</as></def>



<hw>Can"vass</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To search thoroughly; to

engage in solicitation by traversing a district; <as>as, to

<ex>canvass</ex> for subscriptions or for votes; to

<ex>canvass</ex> for a book, a publisher, or in behalf of a

charity</as>; -- commonly followed by <xex>for</xex>.</def>



<hw>Can"vass</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Close

inspection; careful review for verification; <as>as, a

<ex>canvass</ex> of votes</as>.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Examination in the way of discussion or

debate.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Search; exploration; solicitation; systematic

effort to obtain votes, subscribers, etc.</def>



<q>No previous <qex>canvass</qex> was made for me.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<hw>Can"vass*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

canvasses.</def>



<hw>Can"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Cane</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to cane or canes;

abounding with canes.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Can"yon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The English

form of the Spanish word <er>Ca\'a4on</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Can*zo"ne</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It., a

song, fr. L. <ets>cantio</ets>, fr. <ets>canere</ets> to sing.

Cf. <er>Chanson</er>, <er>Chant</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A song or air for one or more voices, of

Proven\'87al origin, resembling, though not strictly, the

madrigal.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An instrumental piece in the

madrigal style.</def>



<hw>Can`zo*net"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.

<ets>canzonetta</ets>, dim. of <ets>canzone</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A short song, in one or more parts.</def>



<hw>Caout"chin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An inflammable, volatile, oily, liquid

hydrocarbon, obtained by the destructive distillation of

caoutchouc.</def>



<hw>Caout"chouc</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>caoutchouc</ets>, from the South American name.]</ety>

<def>A tenacious, elastic, gummy substance obtained from the

milky sap of several plants of tropical South America (esp. the

euphorbiaceous tree <spn>Siphonia elastica</spn> or <spn>Hevea

caoutchouc</spn>), Asia, and Africa. Being impermeable to liquids

and gases, and not readly affected by exposure to air, acids, and

alkalies, it is used, especially when vulcanized, for many

purposes in the arts and in manufactures. Also called

<altname>India rubber</altname> (because it was first brought

from India, and was formerly used chiefly for erasing pencil

marks) and <altname>gum elastic</altname>. See

<er>Vulcanization</er>.</def>



<cs><col>Mineral caoutchouc</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Mineral</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Caout"chou*cin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Caoutchin</er>.</def>



<hw>Cap</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>cappe</ets>, AS. <ets>c\'91ppe</ets>, cap, cape, hood, fr.

LL, <ets>cappa</ets>, <ets>capa</ets>; perhaps of Iberian origin,

as Isidorus of Seville mentions it first: \'bd<ets>Capa</ets>,

quia quasi totum capiat hominem; it. capitis ornamentum.\'b8 See

3d <er>Cape</er>, and cf. 1st <er>Cope</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A covering for the head</def>; esp. <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One

usually with a visor but without a brim, for men and boys</def>;

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of lace, muslin, etc., for women, or

infants</def>; <sd>(c)</sd> <def>One used as the mark or ensign

of some rank, office, or dignity, as that of a cardinal.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The top, or uppermost part; the chief.</def>



<q>Thou art the <qex>cap</qex> of all the fools alive.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A respectful uncovering of the head.</def>



<q>He that will give a <qex>cap</qex> and make a leg in

thanks.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The whole top of the head

of a bird from the base of the bill to the nape of the

neck.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Anything resembling a cap in form, position, or

use</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The uppermost

of any assemblage of parts; <as>as, the <ex>cap</ex> of column,

door, etc.</as>; a capital, coping, cornice, lintel, or

plate.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Something covering the top or end

of a thing for protection or ornament.</def> <sd>(c)</sd>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A collar of iron or wood used in joining

spars, as the mast and the topmast, the bowsprit and the jib

boom; also, a covering of tarred canvas at the end of a

rope.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A percussion cap. See under

<er>Percussion</er>.</def> <sd>(e)</sd> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>

<def>The removable cover of a journal box.</def> <sd>(f)</sd>

<fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A portion of a spherical or other convex

surface.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A large size of writing paper; <as>as, flat

<ex>cap</ex>; fools<ex>cap</ex>; legal <ex>cap</ex>.</as></def>



<cs><col>Cap of a cannon</col>, <cd>a piece of lead laid over the

vent to keep the priming dry; -- now called an

<xex>apron<xex>.</cd> -- <col>Cap in hand</col>,

<cd>obsequiously; submissively.</cd> -- <col>Cap of

liberty</col>. <cd>See <cref>Liberty cap</cref>, under

<er>Liberty</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cap of maintenance</col>, <cd>a

cap of state carried before the kings of England at the

coronation. It is also carried before the mayors of some

cities.</cd> -- <col>Cap money</col>, <cd>money collected in a

cap for the huntsman at the death of the fox.</cd> -- <col>Cap

paper</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A kind of writing paper including

flat cap, foolsap, and legal cap.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A coarse

wrapping paper used for making caps to hold commodities.</cd>

<col>Cap rock</col> <fld>(Mining)</fld>, <cd>The layer of rock

next overlying ore, generally of barren vein material.</cd> --

<col>Flat cap</col>, <cd>cap See <er>Foolscap</er>.</cd> --

<col>Forage cap</col>, <cd>the cloth undress head covering of an

officer of soldier.</cd> -- <col>Legal cap</col>, <cd>a kind of

folio writing paper, made for the use of lawyers, in long narrow

sheets which have the fold at the top or \'bdnarrow

edge.</cd>\'b8 -- <col>To set one's cap</col>, <cd>to make a fool

of one. <mark>(Obs.)</mark> <au>Chaucer</au>.</cd> -- <col>To set

one's cap for</col>, <cd>to try to win the favor of a man with a

view to marriage. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Cap</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp.

& p. p.</pos> <er>Capped</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Capping</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> To cover with

a cap, or as with a cap; to provide with a cap or cover; to cover

the top or end of; to place a cap upon the proper part of;

<as>as, to <ex>cap</ex> a post; to <ex>cap</ex> a gun</as>.</def>



<q>The bones next the joint are <qex>capped</qex> with a smooth

cartilaginous substance.</q>

<qau>Derham.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To deprive of cap.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To complete; to crown; to bring to the highest

point or consummation; <as>as, to <ex>cap</ex> the climax of

absurdity</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To salute by removing the cap.</def>

<mark>[Slang. Eng.]</mark>



<q>Tom . . . <qex>capped</qex> the proctor with the profoundest

of bows.</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To match; to mate in contest; to furnish a

complement to; <as>as, to <ex>cap</ex> text; to <ex>cap

proverbs.</as></def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>Now I have him under girdle I'll <qex>cap</qex> verses with

him to the end of the chapter.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<note><hand/ In <xex>capping</xex> verses, when one quotes a

verse another must <xex>cap</xex> it by quoting one beginning

with the last letter of the first letter, or with the first

letter of the last word, or ending with a rhyming word, or by

applying any other arbitrary rule may be agreed upon.</note>



<hw>Cap</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To uncover the head

respectfully.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Ca`pa*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Capabilities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <sn>1.</sn> The

quality of being capable; capacity; capableness; esp.

intellectual power or ability.</def>



<q>A <qex>capability</qex> to take a thousand views of a

subject.</q>

<qau>H. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Capacity of being used or improved.</def>



<hw>Ca"pa*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>capable</ets>, LL. <ets>capabilis</ets> capacious, capable,

fr. L. <ets>caper</ets> to take, contain. See

<er>Heave</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Possessing ability,

qualification, or susceptibility; having capacity; of sufficient

size or strength; <as>as, a room <ex>capable</ex> of holding a

large number; a castle <ex>capable</ex> of resisting a long

assault.</as></def>



<q>Concious of jou and <qex>capable</qex> of pain.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Possessing adequate power; qualified; able;

fully competent; <as>as, a <ex>capable</ex> instructor; a

<ex>capable</ex> judge; a mind <ex>capable</ex> of nice

investigations.</as></def>



<q>More <qex>capable</qex> to discourse of battles than to give

them.</q>

<qau>Motley.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Possessing legal power or capacity; <as>as, a

man <ex>capable</ex> of making a contract, or a will</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Capacious; large; comprehensive.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<note><hand/ <xex>Capable</xex> is usually followed by

<xex>of</xex>, sometimes by an infinitive.</note>



<syn>Syn. -- Able; competent; qualified; fitted; efficient;

effective; skillful.</syn>



<hw>Ca"pa*ble*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state

of being capable; capability; adequateness; competency.</def>



<hw>Ca*pac"i*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Capacified</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>capax</ets>,

<ets>-acis</ets>, capacious + <ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <def>To

quality.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>The benefice he is <qex>capacified</qex> and designed for.</q>

<qau>Barrow.</qau>



<hw>Ca*pa"cious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>capaz</ets>, <ets>-acis</ets>, fr. <ets>capere</ets> to

take. See <er>Heave</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having

capacity; able to contain much; large; roomy; spacious; extended;

broad; <as>as, a <ex>capacious</ex> vessel, room, bay, or

harbor</as>.</def>



<q>In the <qex>capacious</qex> recesses of his mind.</q>

<qau>Bancroft.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Able or qualified to make large views of things,

as in obtaining knowledge or forming designs; comprehensive;

liberal.</def> \'bdA <xex>capacious</xex> mind.\'b8



<au>Watts.</au>



<hw>Ca*pa"cios*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a capacious

manner or degree; comprehensively.</def>



<hw>Ca*pa"cious*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of

being capacious, as of a vessel, a reservoir a bay, the mind,

etc.</def>



<hw>Ca*pac"i*tate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Capacitated</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Capacitating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To

render capable; to enable; to qualify.</def>



<q>By thih instruction we may be <qex>capaciated</qex> to observe

those errors.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Ca*pac"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Capacities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr> <ety>[L. <ets>capacitus</ets>,

fr. <ets>capax</ets>, <ets>capacis</ets>; fr. F.

<ets>capacit\'82</ets>. See <er>Capacious</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The power of receiving or containing; extent of

room or space; passive power; -- used in reference to physical

things.</def>



<q>Had our great palace the <qex>capacity</qex>

To camp this host, we all would sup together.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>The <qex>capacity</qex> of the exhausted cylinder.</q>

<qau>Boyle.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The power of receiving and holding ideas,

knowledge, etc.; the comprehensiveness of the mind; the receptive

faculty; capability of undestanding or feeling.</def>



<q><qex>Capacity</qex> is now properly limited to these [the mere

passive operations of the mind]; its primary signification, which

is literally <qex>room for</qex>, as well as its employment,

favars this; although it can not be dented that there are

examples of its usage in an active sense.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Ability; power pertaining to, or resulting from,

the possession of strength, wealth, or talent; possibility of

being or of doing.</def>



<q>The <qex>capacity</qex> of blessing the people.</q>

<qau>Alex. Hamilton.</qau>



<q>A cause with such <qex>capacities</qex> endued.</q>

<qau>Blackmore.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Outward condition or circumstances; occupation;

profession; character; position; <as>as, to work in the

<ex>capacity</ex> of a mason or a carpenter</as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Legal or noral qualification,

as of age, residence, character, etc., necessary for certain

purposes, as for holding office, for marrying, for making

contracts, will, etc.; legal power or right; competency.</def>



<cs><col>Capacity for heat</col>, <cd>the power of absorbing

heat. Substances differ in the amount of heat requisite to raise

them a given number of thermometric degrees, and this difference

is the measure of, or depends upon, whzt is called their

<xex>capacity for heat<xex>. See <cref>Specific heat</cref>,

under <er>Heat</er>.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Ability; faculty; talent; capability; skill;

efficiency; cleverness. See <er>Ability</er>.</syn>



<hw>Cap`*a*pe"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>See

<er>Cap-a-pie</er>.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>\'d8Cap`*a*pie"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[OF.

(<?/) <ets>cap-a-pie</ets>, from head to foot, now <ets>de pied

en cap</ets> from foot to head; L. <ets>per</ets> foot +

<ets>caput</ets> head.]</ety> <def>From head to foot; at all

points.</def> \'bdHe was armed <xex>cap-a-pie</xex>.\'b8



<au>Prescott.</au>



<hw>Ca*par"i*son</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>capara<?/on</ets>, fr. Sp. <ets>caparazon</ets> a cover for

a saddle, coach, etc.; <ets>capa</ets> cloak, cover (fr. LL.

<ets>capa</ets>, cf. LL. <ets>caparo</ets> also fr.

<ets>capa</ets>) + the term. <ets>azon</ets>. See

<er>Cap</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An ornamental covering or

housing for a horse; the harness or trappings of a horse, taken

collectively, esp. when decorative.</def>



<q>Their horses clothed with rich <qex>caparison</qex>.</q>

<qau>Drylen.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Gay or rich clothing.</def>



<q>My heart groans beneath the gay <qex>caparison</qex>.</q>

<qau>Smollett.</qau>



<hw>Ca*par"i*son</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. &

p. p.</pos> <er>Caparisoned</er> <pr>(?)</pr> <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Caparisoning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F

<ets>capara\'87onner</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To cover with housings, as a horse; to harness

or fit out with decorative trappings, as a horse.</def>



<q>The steeds, <qex>caparisoned</qex> with purple, stand.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To aborn with rich dress; to dress.</def>



<q>I am <qex>caparisoned</qex> like a man.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Ca*par"ro</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Native

Indian name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large South

American monkey (<spn>Lagothrix Humboldtii</spn>), with

prehensile tail.</def>



<hw>Cap"case`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A small

traveling case or bandbox; formerly, a chest.</def>



<q>A <qex>capcase</qex> for your linen and your plate.</q>

<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>



<hw>Cape</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>cap</ets>, fr. It. <ets>capo</ets> head, cape, fr. L.

<ets>caput</ets> heat, end, point. See <er>Chief</er>.]</ety>

<def>A piece or point of land, extending beyind the adjacent

coast into the sea or a lake; a promonotory; a headland.</def>



<cs><col>Cape buffalo</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>a large and

powerful buffalo of South Africa (<spn>Bubalus Caffer</spn>). It

is said to be the most dangerous wild beast of Africa. See

<er>Buffalo</er>, 2.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Cape jasmine</col>,

<col>Cape jassamine</col></mcol>. <cd>See <er>Jasmine</er>.</cd>

-- <col>Cape pigeon</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a petrel

(<spn>Daptium Capense</spn>) common off the Cape of Good Hope. It

is about the size of a pigeon.</cd> -- <col>Cape wine</col>,

<cd>wine made in South Africa <mark>[Eng.]</mark></cd> --

<col>The Cape</col>, <cd>the Cape of Good Hope, in the general

sense of southern extremity of Africa. Also used of Cape Horn,

and, in New England, of Cape Cod.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cape</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To head

or point; to keep a course; <as>as, the ship <ex>capes</ex>

southwest by south</as>.</def>



<hw>Cape</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>Cape</ets>, fr. F.

<ets>cape</ets>; cf. LL. <ets>cappa</ets>. See <er>Cap</er>, and

cf. 1st <er>Cope</er>, <er>Chape</er>.]</ety> <def>A sleeveless

garment or part of a garment, hanging from the neck over the

back, arms, and shoulders, but not reaching below the hips. See

<er>Cloak</er>.</def>



<hw>Cape</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Gape</er>.]</ety>

<def>To gape.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ca"pel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Ca"ple</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>

}</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel. <ets>kapall</ets>; cf. L.

<ets>caballus</ets>.]</ety> <def>A horse; a nag.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer. Holland.</au>



<hw>Ca"pel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mining)</fld>

<def>A composite stone (quartz, schorl, and hornlende) in the

walls of tin and copper lodes.</def>



<hw>Cap"e*lan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Capelin</er>.</def>



<hw>Cape"lin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>capelan</ets>, <ets>caplan</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small marine fish (<spn>Mallotus

villosus</spn>) of the family <xex>Salmonid\'91</xex>, very

abundant on the coasts of Greenland, Iceland, Newfoundland, and

Alaska. It is used as a bait for the cod.</def> <altsp>[Written

also <asp>capelan</asp> and <asp>caplin</asp>.]</altsp>



<note><hand/ This fish, which is like a smelt, is called by the

Spaniards <xex>anchova</xex>, and by the Portuguese

<xex>capelina</xex>.</note>



<au>Fisheries of U. S. (1884).</au>



<hw>\'d8Cap"pe*line`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,

fr. LL. <ets>capella</ets>. See <er>Chapel</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A hood-shaped bandage for the head, the

shoulder, or the stump of an amputated limb.</def>



<hw>Ca*pel"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a little

goet, dim. of <ets>caper</ets> a goat.]</ety>

<fld>(Asrton.)</fld> <def>A brilliant star in the constellation

Auriga.</def>



<hw>Cap"el*lane</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Chaplain</er>.]</ety> <def>The curate of a chapel; a

chaplain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Fuller.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ca*pel"le</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[G.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The private orchestra or

band of a prince or of a church.</def>



<hw>Cap"el*let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>capelet</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A swelling,

like a wen, on the point of the elbow (or the heel of the hock)

of a horse, caused probably by bruises in lying dowm.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ca*pell"meis`ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[G., fr. <ets>capelle</ets> chapel, private band of a prince

+ <ets>meister</ets> a master.]</ety> <def>The musical director

in royal or ducal chapel; a choirmaster.</def> <altsp>[Written

also <asp>kepellmeister</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Ca"per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Capered</er> <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>capering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From older

<ets>capreoll</ets> to caper, cf. F.  <ets>se cabrer</ets> to

prance; all ultimately fr. L. <ets>caper</ets>, <ets>capra</ets>,

goat. See <er>Capriole</er>.]</ety> <def>To leap or jump about in

a sprightly manner; to cut capers; to skip; to spring; to prance;

to dance.</def>



<q>He <qex>capers</qex>, he dances, he has eyes of youth.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Ca"per</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A frolicsome leap or spring;

a skip; a jump, as in mirth or dancing; a prank.</def>



<cs><col>To cut a caper</col>, <cd>to frolic; to make a sportive

spring; to play a prank.</cd></cs>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Ca"per</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D. <ets>kaper</ets>.]</ety>

<def>A vessel formerly used by the Dutch, privateer.</def>



<au>Wright.</au>



<hw>Ca"per</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>c\'83pre</ets>, fr.

L. <ets>capparis</ets>, Gr. <?/; cf. Ar. & Per.

<ets>al-kabar</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The pungent grayish

green flower bud of the European and Oriental caper

(<spn>Capparis spinosa</spn>), much used for pickles.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus

<spn>Capparis</spn>; -- called also <altname>caper

bush</altname>, <altname>caper tree</altname>.</def>



<note><hand/ The <spn>Capparis spinosa</spn> is a low prickly

shrub of the Mediterranean coasts, with trailing branches and

brilliant flowers; -- cultivated in the south of Europe for its

buds. The <spn>C. sodada</spn> is an almost leafless spiny shrub

of central Africa (Soudan), Arabia, and southern India, with

edible berries.</note>



<cs><col>Bean caper</col>. <cd>See <er>Bran caper</er>, in the

<er>Vocabulary</er>.</cd> -- <col>Caper sauce</col>, <cd>a kind

of sauce or catchup made of capers.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ca"per*ber`ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The small olive-shaped berry of the European and Oriental

caper, said to be used in pickles and as a condiment.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The currantlike fruit of the African and Arabian

caper (<spn>Capparis sodado</spn>).</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ca"per bush`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Ca"per tree`</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>. }</mhw><def>See <er>Capper</er>, a plant, 2.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ca"per*cail`zie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, or

<hw>Ca"per*cal`ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gael, <ets>capulcoile</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A species of grouse (<spn>Tetrao uragallus</spn>) of large

size and fine flavor, found in northern Europe and formerly in

Scotland; -- called also <altname>cock of the

woods</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>capercaillie</asp>, <asp>capercaili</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Ca"per*claw`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

treat with cruel playfulness, as a cat treats a mouse; to

abuse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Birch.</au>



<hw>Ca"per*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

capers, leaps, and skips about, or dances.</def>



<q>The nimble <qex>capperer</qex> on the cord.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Cap"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<er>Capfuls</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr></plu>. <def>As much as will fill

a cap.</def>



<cs><col>A capful of wind</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a light

puff of wind.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Ca"pi*as</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. thou

mayst take.]</ety> <fld>(Low)</fld> <def>A writ or process

commanding the officer to take the body of the person named in

it, that is, to arrest him; -- also called <altname>writ of

capias</altname>.</def>



<note><hand/ One principal kind of <xex>capias</xex> is a writ by

which actions at law are frequently commenced; another is a writ

of execution issued after judgment to satisfy damages recovered;

a <xex>capias</xex> in criminal law is the process to take a

person charged on an indictment, when he is not in custody.



<au>Burrill. Wharton.</au>

</note>



<hw>Ca`pi*ba"ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Capybara</er>.</def>



<hw>Cap`il*la"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>capillaceus</ets> hairy, fr. <ets>capillus</ets>

hair.]</ety> <def>Having long filaments; resembling a hair;

slender. See <er>Capillary</er>.</def>



<hw>Cap`il*laire"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>capillaire</ets> maiden-hair; sirop de <ets>capillaire</ets>

capillaire; fr. L. herba <ets>capillaris</ets> the

maidenhair.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A sirup prepared from the

maiden-hair, formerly supposed to have medicinal

properties.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any simple sirup flavored with orange

flowers.</def>



<hw>Ca*pil"la*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>capillamentum</ets>, fr. <ets>capillus</ets> hair: cf. F.

<ets>capillament</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A filament.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Any villous or hairy

covering; a fine fiber or filament, as of the nerves.</def>



<hw>Cap"il*la*ri*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality of being capillary.</def>



<hw>Cap`il*lar"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>capillarit\'82</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality or condition of being

capillary.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The peculiar action by

which the surface of a liquid, where it is in contact with a

solid (as in a capillary tube), is elevated or depressed;

capillary attraction.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Capillarity</xex> depends upon the relative

attaction of the modecules of the liquid for each other and for

those of the solid, and is especially observable in capillary

tubes, where it determines the ascent or descent of the liquid

above or below the level of the liquid which the tube is dipped;

-- hence the name\'3c-- it is especially important in certain

plants, to allow flow of water from the roots --\'3e.</note>



<hw>Cap"il*la*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>capillaris</ets>, fr. <ets>capillus</ets> hair. Cf.

<er>Capillaire</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Resembling a hair;

fine; minute; very slender; having minute tubes or interspaces;

having very small bore; <as>as, the <ex>capillary</ex> vessels of

animals and plants</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Pertaining to capillary tubes or vessels;

<as>as, <ex>capillary</ex> action</as>.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Capillary attraction</col>, <col>Capillary

repulsion</col></mcol>, <cd>the apparent attraction or repulsion

between a soild and liquid caused bycapillarity. See

<er>Capillarity</er>, and <er>Attraction</er>.</cd> --

<col>Capillarity tubes</col>. <cd>See the <er>Note</er> under

<er>Capillarity</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cap"il*la*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.,

<er>Capillaries</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr></plu>. <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

tube or vessel, extremely fine or minute.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A minute, thin-walled vessel;

particularly one of the smallest blood vessels connecting

arteries and veins, but used also for the smallest lymphatic and

biliary vessels.</def>



<hw>Cap`il*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>capillatie</ets> the hair.]</ety> <def>A capillary blood

vessel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Ca*pil"la*ture</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>capillatura</ets>.]</ety> <def>A bush of hair; frizzing of

the hair.</def>



<au>Clarke.</au>



<hw>Ca*pil"li*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>capillus</ets> hair + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>In the

shape or form of, a hair, or of hairs.</def>



<hw>Cap"il*lose`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>capillosus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having much hair; hairy.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ca*pis"trate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>capistratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>capistrare</ets>

halter.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Hooded; cowled.</def>



<hw>Cap"i*tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>capital</ets>, L. <ets>capitalis</ets> capital (in senses 1

& 2), fr. <ets>caput</ets> head. See <er>Chief</er>, and cf.

<er>Capital</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or

pertaining to the head.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Needs must the Serpent now his <qex>capital</qex> bruise

Expect with mortal pain.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having reference to, or involving, the

forfeiture of the head or life; affecting life; punishable with

death; <as>as, <ex>capital</ex> trials; <ex>capital</ex>

punishment.</as></def>



<q>Many crimes that are <qex>capital</qex> among us.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<q>To put to death a <qex>capital</qex> offender.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>First in importance; chief; principal.</def>



<q>A <qex>capital</qex> article in religion</q>

<qau>Atterbury.</qau>



<q>Whatever is <qex>capital</qex> and essential in

Christianity.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Chief, in a political sense, as being the seat

of the general government of a state or nation; <as>as,

Washington and Paris are <ex>capital</ex> cities</as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Of first rate quality; excellent; <as>as, a

<ex>capital</ex> speech or song</as>.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<-- p. 214 -->



<cs><col>Capital letter</col> <ety>[F, <ets>lettre

capitale<ets>]</ety> <fld>(Print.)</fld>, <cd>a leading or

heading letter, used at the beginning of a sentence and as the

first letter of certain words, distinguished, for the most part,

both by different form and larger size, from the small

(<xex>lower-case<xex>) letters, which form the greater part of

common print or writing.</cd> -- <col>Small capital letters</col>

<cd>have the form of capital letters and height of the body of

the lower-case letters.</cd> -- <col>Capital stock</col>,

<cd>money, property, or stock invested in any business, or the

enterprise of any corporation or institution.</cd>



<au>Abbott.</au>

</cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Chief; leading; controlling; prominent.</syn>



<hw>Cap"i*tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. L.

<ets>capitellum</ets> and <ets>Capitulum</ets>, a small head, the

head, top, or capital of a column, dim. of <ets>caput</ets> head;

F. <ets>chapiteau</ets>, OF. <ets>capitel</ets>. See

<er>Chief</er>, and cf. <er>Cattle</er>, <er>Chattel</er>,

<er>Chapiter</er>, <er>Chapter</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The head or uppermost member of a column,

pilaster, etc. It consists generally of three parts,

<xex>abacus</xex>, <xex>bell</xex> (or <xex>vase</xex>), and

<xex>necking</xex>. See these terms, and <er>Column</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>capilate</ets>, fem., sc.

<ets>ville</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geog.)</fld> <def>The seat of

government; the chief city or town in a country; a

metropolis.</def> \'bdA busy and splendid <xex>capital</xex>\'b8



<au>Macauly.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>capital</ets>.]</ety> <def>Money,

property, or stock employed in trade, manufactures, etc.; the sum

invested or lent, as distinguished from the income or interest.

See <cref>Capital stock</cref>, under <er>Capital</er>,

<pos>a.</pos></def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Polit. Econ.)</fld> <def>That portion of the

produce of industry, which may be directly employed either to

support human beings or to assist in production.</def>



<au>M'Culloch.</au>



<note><hand/ When wealth is used to assist production it is

called <xex>capital</xex>. The capital of a civilized community

includes <xex>fixed capital</xex> (i.e. buildings, machines, and

roads used in the course of production and exchange) amd

<xex>circulating capital</xex> (i.e., food, fuel, money, etc.,

spent in the course of production and exchange).</note>



<au>T. Raleing.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Anything which can be used to increase one's

power or influence.</def>



<q>He tried to make <qex>capital</qex> out of his rival's

discomfiture.</q>

<qau>London Times.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>An imaginary line dividing a

bastion, ravelin, or other work, into two equal parts.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>A chapter, or section, of a book.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Holy St. Bernard hath said in the 59th <qex>capital</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Capital

letter</cref>, under <er>Capital</er>, <pos>a.</pos></def>



<cs><col>Active capital</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Active</er>,</cd> -- <col>Small capital</col>

<fld>(Print.)</fld>, <cd>a small capital letter. See under

<er>Capital</er>, <pos>a.</pos></cd> -- <col>To live on one's

capital</col>, <cd>to consume one's capital without producing or

accumulating anything to replace it.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cap"i*tal*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>capitaliste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who has capital; one who

has money for investment, or money invested; esp. a person of

large property, which is employed in business.</def>



<q>The expenditure of the <qex>capitalist</qex>.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<hw>Cap"i*tal*i*za`tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

act or process of capitalizing.</def>



<hw>Cap"i*tal*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Capitalized</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Capitalizing</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To convert

into capital, or to use as capital.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To compute, appraise, or assess the capital

value of (a patent right, an annuity, etc.)</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To print in capital letters, or with an initial

capital.</def>



<hw>Cap*i*tal*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In a way

involving the forfeiture of the head or life; <as>as, to punish

<ex>capitally</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In a capital manner; excellently.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Cap"i*tal*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

capital; preeminence.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ca`pi*tan` Pa*sha`</hw> or <hw>Pa*cha`</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>. <ety>[See <er>capitan</er>.]</ety> <def>The

chief admiral of the Turkish fleet.</def>



<hw>Cap"i*tate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>capitatus</ets> fr. <ets>caput</ets> head.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Headlike in form; also, having the distal end

enlarged and rounded, as the stigmas of certain flowers.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the flowers gathered

into a head.</def>



<hw>Cap`i*ta"tim</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>Of so much per head; <as>as, a

<ex>capitatim</ex> tax; a <ex>capitatim</ex> grant.</as></def>



<hw>Cap`i*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>capitatio</ets> a poll tax, fr. <ets>caput</ets> head; cf.

F. <ets>capitation</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A numbering of

heads or individuals.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A tax upon each head or person, without

reference to property; a poll tax.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cap"i*te</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., abl.

of <ets>caput</ets> head.]</ety> <def>See under

<er>Tenant</er>.</def>



<hw>Cap`i*tel"late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>capitellum</ets>, dim. of <ets>caput</ets> head.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having a very small knoblike termination,

or collected into minute capitula.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cap`i*ti*bran`chi*a"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.

pl.</pos> <ety>[NL., from L. <ets>caput</ets>,

<ets>capitis</ets>, head + <ets>-branchiae</ets> gills.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of annelids in which the

gills arise from or near the head. See <er>Tubicola</er>.</def>



<hw>Cap"i*tol</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <ety>[L. <ets>capitolium</ets>,

fr. <ets>caput</ets> head: cf. F. <ets>capitole</ets>. See

<er>Chief</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The temple of Jupiter, at Rome, on the Mona

Capitolinus, where the Senate met.</def>



<q>Comes C\'91sar to the <qex>Capitol</qex> to-morrow?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The edifice at Washington occupied by the

Congress of the United States; also, the building in which the

legislature of State holds its sessions; a statehouse.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cap`i*to"li*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Cap"i*to*line</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>capitolinus</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>capitolin</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the Capitol

in Rome.</def> \'bd<xex>Capitolian</xex> Jove.\'b8



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<cs><col>Capitoline games</col> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld>, <cd>annual

games instituted at Rome by Camillus, in honor of Jupter

Capitolinus, on account of the preservation of the Capitol from

the Gauls; when reinstituted by Domitian, arter a period of

neglect, they were held every fifth year.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Ca*pit"u*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>See

<er>Capitulum</er>.</def>



<hw>Ca*pit"u*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>capitulare</ets>, <ets>capitularium</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>capitulum</ets> a small head, a chapter, dim. of

<ets>capit</ets> head, chapter.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An act

passed in a chapter.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A member of a chapter.</def>



<q>The chapter itself, and all its members or

<qex>capitulars</qex>.</q>

<qau>Ayliffe.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The head or prominent part.</def>



<hw>Ca*pit"u*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a chapter;

capitulary.</def>



<q>From the pope to the member of the <qex>capitular</qex>

body.</q>

<qau>Milman.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Growing in, or pertaining to,

a capitulum.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to a capitulum;

<as>as, the <ex>capitular</ex> process of a vetebra, the process

which articulates with the capitulum of a rib</as>.</def>



<hw>Ca*pit"u*lar*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In

the manner or form of an ecclesiastical chapter.</def>



<au>Sterne.</au>



<hw>Ca*pit"u*la*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Capitularies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[See

<er>Capitular</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

capitular.</plu></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The body of laws or statutes of a chapter, or of

an ecclesiastical council.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A collection of laws or statutes, civil and

ecclesiastical, esp. of the Frankish kings, in chapters or

sections.</def>



<q>Several of Charlemagne's <qex>capitularies</qex>.</q>

<qau>Hallam.</qau>



<hw>Ca*pit"u*la*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Relating

to the chapter of a cathedral; capitular.</def>

\'bd<xex>Capitulary</xex> acts.\'b8



<au>Warton.</au>



<hw>Ca*pit"u*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Capitulated</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Capitulating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL.

<ets>capitulatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>capitulare</ets> to

capitulate: cf. F. <ets>capituler</ets>. See <er>Capitular</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To settle or draw up the

heads or terms of an agreement, as in chapters or articles; to

agree.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>There <qex>capitulates</qex> with the king . . . to take to

wife his daughter Mary.</q>

<qau>Heylin.</qau>



<q>There is no reason why the reducing of any agreement to

certain heads or capitula should not be called to

<qex>capitulate</qex>.</q>

<qau>Trench.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To surrender on terms agreed upon (usually,

drawn up under several heads); <as>as, an army or a garrison

<ex>capitulates</ex></as>.</def>



<q>The Irish, after holding out a week,

<qex>capitulated</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Ca*pit"u*late</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To surrender or

transfer, as an army or a fortress, on certain conditions.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ca*pit`u*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>capitulation</ets>, LL. <ets>capitulatio</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A reducing to heads or articles; a formal

agreement.</def>



<q>With special <qex>capitulation</qex> that neither the Scots

nor the French shall refortify.</q>

<qau>Bp. Burnet.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of capitulating or surrendering to an

emeny upon stipulated terms.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The instrument containing the terms of an

agreement or surrender.</def>



<hw>Ca*pit"u*la`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[LL.]</ety> <def>One who capitulates.</def>



<hw>Cap"i*tule</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>capitulum</ets> small head, chapter.]</ety> <def>A

summary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Ca*pit"u*lum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<er>Capitula</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>. <ety>[L., a small head.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A thick head of flowers on a very short axis, as

a clover top, or a dandelion; a composite flower. A capitulum may

be either globular or flat.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A knobike protuberance of any

part, esp. at the end of a bone or cartilage. <note>[See

<xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Artiodactyla</er>.]</note></def>



<hw>Ca*pi"vi</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Copaiba</er>.]</ety> <def>A balsam of the Spanish West

Indies. See <er>Copaiba</er>.</def>



<hw>Ca"ple</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Capel</er>.</def>



<hw>Cap"lin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Capelin</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cap"lin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Cap"ling</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>The cap or coupling of a

flail, through which the thongs pass which connect the handle and

swingel.</def>



<au>Wright.</au>



<hw>Cap"no*man`cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

smoke + <ets>mancy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>capnomancie</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Divination by means of the ascent or motion of smoke.</def>



<hw>Cap"no*mor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

smoke + <?/, equiv. to <?/ part.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A

limpid, colorless oil with a peculiar odor, obtained from beech

tar.</def>



<au>Watts.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ca*poc"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Malay

<ets>k\'bepoq</ets>.]</ety> <def>A sort of cotton so short and

fine thet it can not be spun, used in the East Indies to line

palanquins, to make mattresses, etc.</def>



<hw>Ca*poch"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Capoches</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[Cf. Sp.

<ets>capucho</ets>, It. <ets>cappucio</ets>, F.

<ets>Capuce</ets>, <ets>capuchon</ets>, LL. <ets>caputium</ets>,

fr. <ets>capa</ets> cloak. See <ets>Cap</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

hood; especialy, the hood attached to the gown of a monk.</def>



<hw>Ca*poch"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Capoched</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To

cover with, or as with, a hood; hence, to hoodwink or

blind.</def>



<au>Hudibras.</au>



<hw>Ca"pon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>capon</ets>, <ets>chapoun</ets>, AS. <ets>cap<?/n</ets> (cf.

F. <ets>chapon</ets>), L. <ets>capo</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ akin to

<?/ to cut, OSlav. <ets>skopiti</ets> to casrate. CF.

<er>Comma</er>.]</ety> <def>A castrated cock, esp. when fattened;

a male chicken gelded to improve his flesh for the table.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>The merry thought of a <qex>capon</qex>.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<hw>Ca"pon</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To castrate; to make a

capon of.</def>



<hw>Ca"pon*et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A young

capon.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Chapman.</au>



<hw>Cap`o*niere"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>caponni\'8are</ets>, fr. Sp. <ets>caponera</ets>, orig., a

cage for fattening capons, hence, a place of refuge; cf. It.

<ets>capponiera</ets>. See <er>Capon</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A work made across or in the ditch, to

protect it from the enemy, or to serve as a covered

passageway.</def>



<hw>Ca"pon*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

castrate, as a fowl.</def>



<hw>Ca*pot"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<def>A winning of all the tricks at the game of piquet. It counts

for forty points.</def>



<au>Hoyle.</au>



<hw>Ca*pot"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Capotted</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To win all the

tricks from, in playing at piquet.</def>



<hw>Ca*pote"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.

<ets>capote</ets> (cf. F. <ets>capote</ets>.), fr. LL.

<ets>capa</ets> cape, cloak. See <er>Cap</er>.]</ety> <def>A long

cloak or overcoat, especially one with a hood.</def>



<hw>Ca*pouch"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & v. t.</pos> <def>Same

as <er>Capoch</er>.</def>



<hw>Cap"pa*dine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A floss or

waste obtained from the cocoon after the silk has been reeled

off, used for shag.</def>



<hw>Cap"pa`per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def>See <er>cap</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, also <er>Paper</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def>



<hw>Cap"peak`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The front

piece of a cap; -- now more commonly called

<xex>visor</xex>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cap*pel"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>A cappella</er>.</def>



<hw>Cap"per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

whose business is to make or sell caps.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A by-bidder; a decoy for gamblers <mark>[Slang,

U. S.]</mark><--shill?-->.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An instrument for applying a percussion cap to a

gun or cartridge.</def>



<hw>Cap"ping plane`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Join.)</fld> <def>A

plane used for working the upper surface of staircase

rails.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ca"pra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a she

goat.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of ruminants,

including the common goat.</def>



<hw>Cap"rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>A salt of capric acid.</def>



<hw>Cap"re*o*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>capreolus</ets> wild goat, tendril, fr.<ets>caper</ets>

goat: cf. F. <ets>capr\'82ol\'82</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Having a tendril or tendrils.</def>



<hw>Cap"re*o*line</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>capreolus</ets> wild goat, fr. <ets>caper</ets> goat.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the roebuck.</def>



<hw>Cap"ric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>caper</ets> goat.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of or

pertaining to capric acid or its derivatives.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Capric acid</col>, <chform>C9H9.CO2H</chform>,

<col>Caprylic acid</col>, <chform>C7H15.CO2H</chform>, <and/

<col>Caproic acid</col>, <chform>C5H11.CO2H</chform></mcol>,

<cd>are fatty acids occurring in small quantities in butter,

cocoanut oil, etc., united with glycerin; they are colorless

oils, or white crystalline solids, of an unpleasant odor like

that of goats or sweat.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Ca*ric"cio</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It. See

<er>Caprice</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A piece in a free form, with

frequent digressions from the theme; a fantasia; -- often called

<xex>caprice</xex>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A caprice; a freak; a fancy.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ca*pri*cio"so</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus)</fld> <def>In a free, fantastic

style.</def>



<hw>Ca*price"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>caprice</ets>, It. <ets>capriccio</ets>, caprice (perh.

orig. a fantastical goat leap), fr. L. <ets>caper</ets>,

<ets>capra</ets>, goat. Cf <er>Capriole</er>, <er>Cab</er>,

<er>Caper</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An

abrupt change in feeling, opinion, or action, proceeding from

some whim or fancy; a freak; a notion.</def>

\'bd<xex>Caprices</xex> of appetite.\'b8



<au>W. Irving.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>See <er>Capriccio</er>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Freak; whim; crotchet; fancy; vagary; humor;

whimsey; fickleness.</syn>



<hw>Ca*pri"cious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>capricleux</ets>, It. <ets>capriccioso</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Governed or characterized by caprice; apt to change

suddenly; freakish; whimsical; changeable.</def>

\'bd<xex>Capricious</xex> poet.\'b8 <au>Shak</au>.

\'bd<xex>Capricious</xex> humor.\'b8 <au>Hugh Miller</au>.



<q>A <qex>capricious</qex> partiality to the Romish

practices.</q>

<qau>Hallam.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Freakish; whimsical; fanciful; fickle; crotchety;

fitful; wayward; changeable; unsteady; uncertain; inconstant;

arbitrary.</syn>



-- <wordforms><wf>Ca*pri"cious*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Ca*pri"cious*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Cap"ri*corn</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>capricornus</ets>; <ets>caper</ets> goat + <ets>cornu</ets>

horn: cf. F. <ets>capricorne</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The tenth sign of zodiac, into which

the sun enters at the winter solstice, about December 21. See

<er>Tropic</er>.</def>



<q>The sun was entered into <qex>Capricorn</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A southern constellation,

represented on ancient monuments by the figure of a goat, or a

figure with its fore part like a fish.</def>



<cs><col>Capricorn beetle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any

beetle of the family <spn>Carambucid\'91</spn>; one of the

long-horned beetles. The larv\'91 usually bore into the wood or

bark of trees and shurbs and are often destructive. See

<er>Girdler</er>, <er>Pruner</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cap"rid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>caper</ets>, <ets>capra</ets>, goat.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the tribe of

ruminants of which the goat, or genus <spn>Capra</spn>, is the

type.</def>



<hw>Cap"ri*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>caprificatio</ets>, fr. <ets>caprificare</ets> to ripen figs

by caprification, fr. <ets>caprificus</ets> the wild fig;

<ets>caper</ets> goat + <ets>ficus</ets> fig.]</ety> <def>The

practice of hanging, upon the cultivated fig tree, branches of

the wild fig infested with minute hymenopterous insects.</def>



<note><hand/ It is supposed that the little insects insure

fertilization by carrying the pollen from the male flowers near

the opening of the fig down to the female flowers, and also

accelerate ripening the fruit by puncturing it.  The practice has

existed since ancient times, but its benefit has been

disputed.</note>



<hw>Cap"ri*fole</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>caper</ets> goat + <ets>folium</ets> leaf.]</ety> <def>The

woodbine or honeysuckle.</def>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Cap"ri*fo`li*a`ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the Honeysuckle family of

plants (<spn>Caprifoliac\'91</spn>.</def>



<hw>Cap"ri*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>caper</ets> goat + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the

form of a goat.</def>



<hw>Ca*prig"e*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>caprigenus</ets>; <ets>caper</ets> goat + <ets>gegnere</ets>

to produce.]</ety> <def>Of the goat kind.</def>



<hw>Cap"rine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>caprinus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a goat;

<as>as, <ex>caprine</ex> gambols</as>.</def>



<hw>Cap"ri*ole</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>capriole</ets>, <ets>cabriole</ets>, It.

<ets>capriola</ets>, fr. L. <ets>caper</ets> goat. Cf.

<er>Caper</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <er>Cabriole</er>,

<er>Caprice</er>, <er>Cheveril</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Man.)</fld> <def>A leap that a horse makes with all fours,

upwards only, without advancing, but with a kick or jerk of the

hind legs when at the height of the leap.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A leap or caper, as in dancing.</def> \'bdWith

lofty turns and <xex>caprioles</xex>.\'b8



<au>Sir J. Davies.</au>



<hw>Cap"ri*ole</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To perform a

capriole.</def>



<au>Carlyle.</au>



<hw>Cap"ri*ped</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>capripers</ets>; <ets>caper</ets> goat + <ets>pes

pedis</ets>, foot.]</ety> <def>Having feet like those of a

goat.</def>



<-- p. 215 -->



<hw>Cap"ro*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of caproic acid.</def>



<hw>Ca*pro"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>See under <er>Capric</er>.</def>



<hw>Cap"ry*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of caprylic acid.</def>



<hw>Ca*pryl"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See under <er>Capric</er>.</def>



<hw>Cap*sa"i*cin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Capsicum</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless

crystalline substance extracted from the <xex>Capsicum

annuum</xex>, and giving off vapors of intense acridity.</def>



<hw>Cap"sheaf`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The top

sheaf of a stack of grain: (<xex>fig</xex>.) the crowning or

finishing part of a thing.</def>



<hw>Cap"si*cin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Capsicum</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A red liquid or

soft resin extracted from various species of capsicum.</def>



<hw>Cap"si*cine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Capsicum</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A valatile

alkaloid extracted from <xex>Capsicum annuum</xex> or from

capsicin.</def>



<hw>Cap"si*cum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. L.

<ets>capsa</ets> box, chest.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

genus of plants of many species, producing capsules or dry

berries of various forms, which have an exceedingly pungent,

biting taste, and when ground form the red of Cayenne pepper of

commerce.</def>



<note><hand/ The most important species are <xex>Capsicum

baccatum</xex> or birs pepper. <xex>C</xex>, <xex>annuum</xex> or

chili pepper, <xex>C</xex>. <xex>frutesens</xex> or spur pepper,

and <xex>C</xex>. <xex>annuum</xex> or Guinea pepeer, which

includes the bell pepper and other common garden varieties. The

fruit is much used, both in its green and ripe state, in pickles

and in cookery. See <er>Cayenne pepper</er>.</note>



<hw>Cap*size"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Capsized</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Capsizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Sp.

<ets>cabecear</ets> to nod, pitch, <ets>capuzar</ets>,

<ets>chapuzar</ets>, to sink (a vessel) by the head; both fr. L.

<ets>caput</ets> head.]</ety> <def>To upset or overturn, as a

vessel or other body.</def>



<q>But what if carrying sail <qex>capsize</qex> the boat?</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<hw>Cap"size`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An upset or

overturn.</def>



<hw>Cap"*square</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Gun.)</fld> <def>A metal covering plate which passes over

the trunnions of a cannon, and holds it in place.</def>



<hw>Cap"stan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>cabestan</ets>, fr. Sp. <ets>cabestrante</ets>,

<ets>cabrestante</ets>, fr. <ets>cabestrar</ets> to bind with a

halter, fr. <ets>cabestro</ets>halter, fr. L.

<ets>capistrum</ets> halter, fr. <ets>capere</ets> to hold (see

<er>Capacious</er>); or perh. the Spanish is fr. L.

<ets>caper</ets> goat + <ets>stans</ets>, p. pr. of

<ets>stare</ets> to stand; cf. F. <ets>ch\'8avre</ets> she-goat,

also a machine for raising heavy weights.]</ety> <def>A vertical

cleated drum or cylinder, revolving on an upright spindle, and

surmounted by a drumhead with sockets for bars or levers. It is

much used, especially on shipboard, for moving or raising heavy

weights or exerting great power by traction upon a rope or cable,

passing around the drum. It is operated either by steam power or

by a number of men walking around the capstan, each pushing on

the end of a lever fixed in its socket.</def> <altsp>[Sometimes

spelt <asp>Capstern</asp>, but improperly.]</altsp>



<cs><col>Capstan bar</col>, <cd>one of the long bars or levers by

which the capstan is worked; a handspike..</cd> -- <col>To pawl

the capstan</col>, <cd>to drop the pawls so that they will catch

in the notches of the pawl ring, and prevent the capstan from

turning back.</cd> -- <col>To rig the capstan</col>, <cd>to

prepare the for use, by putting the bars in the sockets.</cd> --

<col>To surge the capstan</col>, <cd>to slack the tension of the

rope or cable wound around it.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cap"stone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A fossil echinus of the genus

<spn>Cannulus</spn>; -- so called from its supposed resemblance

to a cap.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cap"su*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Cap"su*la*ry</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>capsulaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a capsule;

having the nature of a capsula; hollow and fibrous.</def>



<cs><col>Capsular ligament</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>a

ligamentous bag or capsule surrounding many movable joints in the

skeleton.</cd></cs>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cap"su*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Cap"su*la`ted</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Inclosed in a capsule,

or as in a chest or box.</def>



<hw>Cap"sule</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>capsula</ets> a little box or chest, fr. <ets>capsa</ets>

chest, case, fr. <ets>capere</ets> to take, contain: cf. F.

<ets>capsule</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>a

dry fruit or pod which is made up of several parts or carpels,

and opens to discharge the seeds, <as>as, the <ex>capsule</ex> of

the poppy, the flax, the lily, etc.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small saucer

of clay for roasting or melting samples of ores, etc.; a

scorifier.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>a small, shallow, evaporating

dish, usually of porcelain.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A small cylindrical or

spherical gelatinous envelope in which nauseous or acrid doses

are inclosed to be swallowed.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A membranous sac containing

fluid, or investing an organ or joint; <as>as, the

<ex>capsule</ex> of the lens of the eye</as>. Also, a capsulelike

organ.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A metallic seal or cover for closing a

bottle,</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A small cup or shell, as of metal, for a

percussion cap, cartridge, etc.</def>



<cs><col>Atrabiliary capsule</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Atrabiliary</er>.</cd> -- <col>Glisson's capsule</col>, <cd>a

membranous envelope, entering the liver along with the portal

vessels and insheathing the latter in their course through the

organ.</cd> -- <col>Suprarenal capsule</col>, <cd>an organ of

unknown function, above or in front of each kidney.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cap"tain</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>capitain</ets>, <ets>captain</ets>, OF. <ets>capitain</ets>,

F. <ets>capitaine</ets> (cf. Sp. <ets>capitan</ets>, It.

<ets>capitano</ets>), LL. <ets>capitaneus</ets>,

<ets>capitanus</ets>, fr. L. <ets>caput</ets> the head. See under

<er>Chief</er>, and cf. <er>Chieftain</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A head, or chief officer</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The

military officer who commands a company, troop, or battery, or

who has the rank entitling him to do so though he may be employed

on other service.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An officer in the

United States navy, next above a commander and below a commodore,

and ranking with a colonel in the ermy.</def> <sd>(c)</sd>

<def>By courtesy, an officer actually commanding a vessel,

although not having the rank of captain.</def> <sd>(d)</sd>

<def>The <xex>master</xex> or commanding officer of a merchant

vessel.</def> <sd>(e)</sd> <def>One in charge of a portion of a

ship's company; <as>as, a <ex>captain</ex> of a top,

<ex>captain</ex> of a gun, etc.</as></def> <sd>(f)</sd> <def>The

foreman of a body of workmen.</def> <sd>(g)</sd> <def>A person

having authority over others acting in concert; <as>as, the

<ex>captain</ex> of a boat's crew; the <ex>captain</ex> of a

football team.</as></def>



<q>A trainband <qex>captain</qex> eke was he.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<q>The Rhodian <qex>captain</qex>, relying on . . . the lightness

of his vessel, passed, in open day, through all the guards.</q>

<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A military leader; a warrior.</def>



<q>Foremost <qex>captain</qex> of his time.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<cs><col>Captain general</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The commander in

chief of an army or armies, or of the militia.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd>

<cd>The Spanish governor of Cuba and its dependent islands.</cd>

-- <col>Captain lieutenant</col>, <cd>a lieutenant with the rank

and duties of captain but with a lieutenant's pay, -- as in the

first company of an English regiment.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cap"tain</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To act as

captain of; to lead.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Men who <qex>captained</qex> or accompanied the exodus from

existing forms.</q>



<au>Lowell</au>.



<hw>Cap"tain</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Chief; superior.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q><qex>captain</qex> jewes in the carcanet.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Cap"tain*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<er>Captaincies</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>The rank, post,

or commission of a captain.</def>



<au>Washington.</au>



<cs><col>Captaincy general</col>, <cd>the office, power,

teritory, or jurisdiction of a captain general; as, the

<xex>captaincy general<xex> of La Habana (Cuba and its

islands).</cd></cs>



<hw>Cap"tain*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>capitainerie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Power, or command, over a

certain district; chieftainship.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Cap"tain*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

condition, rank, post, or authority of a captain or chief

commander.</def> \'bdTo take the <xex>captainship</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Military skill; <as>as, to show good

<ex>captainship</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Cap*ta`tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>captatio</ets>, fr. <ets>captare</ets> to catch, intens of

<ets>caper</ets> to take: cf. F. <ets>captation</ets>.]</ety>

<def>A courting of favor or applause, by flattery or address; a

captivating quality; an attraction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Without any of those dresses, or popular

<qex>captations</qex>, which some men use in their speeches.</q>

<qau>Eikon Basilike.</qau>



<hw>Cap"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>captio</ets>, fr. <ets>caper</ets> to take. In senses 3 and

4, perhaps confounded in meaning with L. <ets>caput</ets> a head.

See <er>Capacious</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A caviling; a

sophism.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>This doctrine is for <qex>caption</qex> and contradiction.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of taking or arresting a person by

judicial process.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Bouvier.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>That part of a legal

instrument, as a commission, indictment, etc., which shows where,

when, and by what authority, it taken, found, or executed.</def>



<au>Bouvier. Wharton.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The heading of a chapter, section, or

page.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>



<hw>Cap"tious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>captieux</ets>, L. <ets>captiosus</ets>. See

<er>Caption</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Art to catch at faults;

disposed to find fault or to cavil; eager to object; difficult to

please.</def>



<q>A <qex>captius</qex> and suspicious.</q>

<qau>Stillingfleet.</qau>



<q>I am sensible I have not disposed my materials to adbide the

test of a <qex>captious</qex> controversy.</q>

<qau>Bwike.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fitted to harass, perplex, or insnare;

insidious; troublesome.</def>



<q><qex>Captious</qex> restraints on navigation.</q>

<qau>Bancroft.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Caviling, carping, fault-finding; censorious;

hypercritical; peevish, fretful; perverse; troublesome.</syn>

<usage> -- <er>Captious</er>, <er>caviling</er>,

<er>Carping</er>. A <xex>captious</xex> person is one who has a

fault-finding habit or manner, or is disposed to catch at faults,

errors, etc., with quarrelsome intent; a <xex>caviling</xex>

person is disposed to raise objections on frivolous grounds;

<xex>carping</xex> implies that one is given to ill-natured,

persistent, or unreasonable fault-finding, or picking up of the

words or actions of others.</usage>



<q><qex>Caviling</qex> is the <qex>carping</qex> of argument,

<qex>carping</qex> the <qex>caviling</qex> of ill temper.</q>

<qau>C. J. Smith.</qau>



<hw>Cap"tious*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a captious

manner.</def>



<hw>Cap"tious*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Captious disposition

or manner.</def>



<hw>Cap"ti*vate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Captivated</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Captivating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>captivatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>captivare</ets> to capture,

fr. <ets>captivus</ets> captive. See <er>Captive</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To take prisoner; to capture; to subdue.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Their woes whom fortune <qex>captivates</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To acquire ascendancy over by reason of some art

or attraction; to fascinate; to charm; <as>as, Cleopatra

<ex>captivated</ex> Antony; the orator <ex>captivated</ex> all

hearts.</as></def>



<q>Small landscapes of <qex>captivating</qex> loveliness.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To enslave; subdue; overpower; charm; enchant;

bewitch; facinate; capture; lead captive.</syn>



<hw>Cap"ti*vate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>captivatus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Taken prisoner; made captive;

insnared; charmed.</def>



<q>Women have been <qex>captivate</qex> ere now.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Cap"ti*va`ting</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

power to captivate or cham; fascinating; <as>as,

<ex>captivating</ex> smiles</as>.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Cap"tiva`ting*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Cap"ti*va`tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>capticatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of captivating.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>The <qex>captivation</qex> of our understanding.</q>

<qau>Bp. Hall.</qau>



<hw>Cap"tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>captivus</ets>, fr. <ets>capere</ets> to take: cf. F.

<ets>captif</ets>. See <er>Caitiff</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A prisoner taken by force or stratagem, esp., by an enemy,

in war; one kept in bondage or in the power of another.</def>



<q>Then, when I am thy <qex>captive</qex>, talk of chains.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One charmed or subdued by beaty, excellence, or

affection; one who is captivated.</def>



<hw>Cap"tive</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Made prisoner,

especially in war; held in bondage or in confinement.</def>



<q>A poor, miserable, <qex>captive</qex> thrall.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Subdued by love; charmed; captivated.</def>



<q>Even in so short a space, my wonan's heart

Grossly grew <qex>captive</qex> to his honey words.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to bondage or confinement;

serving to confine; <as>as, <ex>captive</ex> chains;

<ex>captive</ex> hours.</as></def>



<hw>Cap"tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Captived</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Captiving</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To take prisoner; to

capture.</def>



<q>Their inhabitans slaughtered and <qex>captived</qex>.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<hw>Cap*tiv"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>captivitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>captivit\'82</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The state of being a captive or a

prisoner.</def>



<q>More celebrated in his <qex>captivity</qex> that in his

greatest triumphs.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A state of being under control; subjection of

the will or affections; bondage.</def>



<q>Sink in the soft <qex>captivity</qex> together.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Imprisonment; confinement; bondage; subjection;

servitude; slavery; thralldom; serfdom.</syn>



<hw>Cap"tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a cather

(of animals), fr. <ets>caper</ets> to take.]</ety> <def>One who

captures any person or thing, as a prisoner or a prize.</def>



<hw>Cap"ture</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>capture</ets>, fr. <ets>caper</ets> to take: cf. F.

<ets>capture</ets>. See <er>Caitiff</er>, and cf.

<er>aptive</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of seizing by force, or getting

possession of by superior power or by stratagem; <as>as, the

<ex>capture</ex> of an enemy, a vessel, or a criminal</as>.</def>



<q>Even with regard to <qex>captures</qex> made at sea.</q>

<qau>Bluckstone.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The securing of an object of strife or desire,

as by the power of some attraction.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The thing taken by force, surprise, or

stratagem; a prize; prey.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Seizure; apprehension; arrest; detention.</syn>



<hw>Cap"ture</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Captured</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Capturing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To seize or take

possession of by force, surprise, or stratagem; to overcome and

hold; to secure by effort.</def>



<q>Her heart is like some fortress that has been

<qex>captured</qex>.</q>

<qau>W. Ivring.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Ca*puc"cio</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.

<ets>cappucio</ets>. See <er>Capoch</er>.]</ety> <def>A capoch or

hood.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Ca*puched"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Capoch</er>.]</ety> <def>Cover with, or as with, a

hood.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Cap`u*chin"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>capucin</ets> a monk who wears a cowl, fr. It.

<ets>cappuccio</ets> hood. See <er>Capoch</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A Franciscan monk of the

austere branch established in 1526 by Matteo di Baschi,

distinguished by wearing the long pointed cowl or capoch of St.

Francis.</def>



<q>A bare-footed and long-bearded <qex>capuchin</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A garment for women, consisting of a cloak and

hood, resembling, or supposed to resemble, that of

<xex>capuchin</xex> monks.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A long-tailed

South American monkey (<spn>Cabus capucinus</spn>), having the

forehead naked and wrinkled, with the hair on the crown reflexed

and resembling a monk's cowl, the rest being of a grayish white;

-- called also <altname>capucine monkey</altname>,

<altname>weeper</altname>, <altname>sajou</altname>,

<altname>sapajou</altname>, and <altname>sai</altname>.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Other species of <spn>Cabus</spn>, as <spn>C.

fatuellus</spn> (the <xex>brown</xex> or <stype>horned

capucine</stype>.), <spn>C. albifrons</spn> (the

<stype>cararara</stype>), and <spn>C. apella</spn>.</def>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>A variety of the domestic pigeon having a

hoodlike tuft of feathers on the head and sides of the

neck.</def>



<cs><col>Capuchin nun</col>, <cd>one of an austere order of

Franciscan nuns which came under Capuchin rule in 1538. The order

had recently been founded by Maria Longa.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cap"u*cine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Capuchin</er>, 3.</def>



<hw>Cap"u*let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Far.)</fld>

<def>Same as <er>Capellet</er>.</def>



<hw>Cap"u*lin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.

<ets>capuli</ets>.]</ety> <def>The Mexican chery (<spn>Prunus

Capollin</spn>).</def>



<hw>\'d8Ca"put</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Capita</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L., the head.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The head; also, a knoblike protuberance

or capitulum.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The top or superior part of a thing.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Eng.)</fld> <def>The council or ruling body of

the University of Cambridge prior to the constitution of

1856.</def>



<q>Your <qex>caputs</qex> and heads of colleges.</q>

<qau>Lamb.</qau>



<cs><col>Caput mortuum</col> <pr>(<?/)</pr>. <ety>[L., dead

head.]</ety> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <cd>The residuum after

distillation or sublimation; hence, worthless residue.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ca`py*ba"ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.

<ets>capibara</ets>, fr. the native name.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large South American rodent

(<spn>Hydroch\'91rus capybara</spn>) Living on the margins of

lakes and rivers. It is the largest extant rodent, being about

three feet long, and half that in height. It somewhat resembles

the Guinea pig, to which it is related; -- called also

<altname>cabiai</altname> and <altname>water hog</altname>.</def>



<-- p. 216 -->



<hw>Car</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>car</ets>, <ets>char</ets>, F. <ets>cahr</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>carrus</ets>, Wagon: a Celtic word; cf. W. <ets>car</ets>,

Armor. <ets>karr</ets>, Ir. & Gael. <ets>carr</ets>. cf.

<er>Chariot</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A small vehicle moved

on wheels; usually, one having but two wheels and drawn by one

horse; a cart.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A vehicle adapted to the rails of a

railroad.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>



<note><hand/ In England a railroad <xex>passenger car</xex> is

called a railway <xex>carriage</xex>; a <xex>freight car</xex> a

<xex>goods wagon</xex>; a <xex>platform car</xex> a <xex>goods

truck</xex>; a <xex>baggage car</xex> a <xex>van</xex>. But

styles of car introduced into England from America are called

<xex>cars</xex>; as, tram <xex>car</xex>. Pullman <xex>car</xex>.

See <er>Train</er>.</note>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A chariot of war or of triumph; a vehicle of

splendor, dignity, or solemnity.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>.



<q>The gilded <qex>car</qex> of day.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>The towering <qex>car</qex>, the sable steeds.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The stars also called

Charles's Wain, the Great Bear, or the Dipper.</def>



<q>The Pleiads, Hyads, and the Northern <qex>Car</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The cage of a lift or elevator.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>The basket, box, or cage suspended from a ballon

to contain passengers, ballast, etc.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>A floating perforated box for living fish.</def>

<mark>[U. S.]</mark>



<cs><mcol><col>Car coupling</col>, <xex>or</xex> <col>Car

coupler</col>, <cd>a shackle or other device for connecting the

cars in a railway train.</cd> <mark>[U. S.]</mark> -- <col>Dummy

car</col> <fld>(Railroad)</fld>, <cd>a car containing its own

steam power or locomotive.</cd> -- <col>Freight car</col>

<fld>(Railrood)</fld>, a car for the transportation of

merchandise or other goods. <mark>[U. S.]</mark> -- <col>Hand

car</col> <fld>(Railroad)</fld>, a small car propelled by hand,

used by railroad laborers, etc. <mark>[U. S.]</mark> --

<mcol><col>Horse car</col>, <xex>or</xex> <col>Street

car</col></mcol>, <cd>an ommibus car, draw by horses or other

power upon rails laid in the streets.</cd> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

-- Mcol><col>Palace car</col>, <col>Drawing-room car</col>,

<col>Sleeping car</col>, <col>Parior car</col>etc. </mcol>, 

<fld>(Railroad)</fld>, <cd>cars especially designed and furnished

for the comfort of travelers.</cd></cs>



<hw>Car"a*bid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the

genus <spn>Carbus</spn> or family <spn>Carabid\'91</spn>.</def>

-- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>One of the <spn>Carabid\'91</spn>, a

family of active insectivorous beetles.</def></def2>



<hw>Car"a*bine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>

<def>A carbine.</def>



<hw>Car`a*bi*neer"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

carbineer.</def>



<hw>Car"a*boid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Carabus</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like, or pertaining to the genus

<spn>Carabus</spn>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Car"a*bus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.

Gr. <?/ a horned beetle.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

genus of ground beetles, including numerous species. They devour

many injurious insects.</def>



<hw>Car"ac</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Carack</er>.</def>



<hw>Car"a*cal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>caracal</ets>, fr. Turk <ets>garahgootag</ets>;

<ets>garah</ets> black + <ets>goofag</ets> ear.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A lynx (<spn>Felis, or Lynx,

caracal.)</spn> It is a native of Africa and Asia. Its ears are

black externally, and tipped with long black hairs.</def>



<hw>Ca"`ra*ca"ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A south American bird of several

species and genera, resembling both the eagles and the vultures.

The caracaras act as scavengers, and are also called

<altname>carrion buzzards</altname>.</def>



<note><hand/ The black caracara is <spn>Ibycter ater</spn>; the

chimango is <spn>Milvago chimango</spn>; the Brazilian is

<spn>Polyborus Braziliensis</spn>.</note>



<hw>Car"ack</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>caraque</ets> (cf. Sp. & Pg. <ets>carraca</ets>, It.

<ets>caracca</ets>.), LL. <ets>carraca</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>carrus</ets> wagon; or perh. fr. Ar. <ets>qorq\'d4r</ets>

(pl. <ets>qar\'beqir</ets>) a carack.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<def>A kind of large ship formerly used by the Spaniards and

Portuguese in the East India trade; a galleon.</def>

<altsp>[Spelt also <asp>carrack</asp>.]</altsp>



<q>The bigger whale like some huge <qex>carrack</qex> law.</q>

<qau>Waller.</qau>



<hw>Car"a*cole</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>caracole</ets>, <ets>caracol</ets>, fr. Sp.

<ets>caracol</ets> snail, winding staircase, a wheeling

about.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Man.)</fld> <def>A half turn which a horseman

makes, either to the right or the left.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A staircase in a spiral

form.</def>



<cs><col>\'d8En caracole</col> <pr>(<?/)</pr> <ety>[F.]</ety>,

<cd>spiral; -- said of a staircase.</cd></cs>



<hw>Car"a*cole</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Caracoled</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>caracoler</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Man.)</fld> <def>To move in a

caracole, or in caracoles; to wheel.</def>



<q>Prince John <qex>caracoled</qex> within the lists.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<hw>Car"a*col`y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An alloy of

gold, silver, and copper, of which an inferior quality of jewerly

is made.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Car"a*core</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Car"a*co`ra</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Malay

<ets>kurakura</ets>.]</ety> <def>A light vessel or proa used by

the people of Borneo, etc., and by the Dutch in the East

Indies.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ca*rafe"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<def>A glass water bottle for the table or toilet; -- called also

<altname>croft</altname>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Car"a*geen`</hw> <or/ <hw>Car"a*gheen`</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Carrageen</er>.</def>



<hw>Ca`ram*bo"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An East Indian tree (<spn>Averrhoa

Carambola</spn>), and its acid, juicy fruit; called also

<altname>Coromandel gooseberry</altname>.</def>



<hw>Car"a*mel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>caramel</ets> (cf. Sp. <ets>caramelo</ets>), LL. <ets>canna

mellis</ets>, <ets>cannamella</ets>, <ets>canamella</ets>,

<ets>calamellus mellitus</ets>, sugar cane, from or confused with

L. <ets>canna</ets> reed + <ets>mel</ets>, <ets>mellis</ets>,

honey. See <er>Cane</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>Burnt sugar; a brown or black porous substance obtained by

heating sugar. It is soluble in water, and is used for coloring

spirits, gravies, etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A kind of confectionery, usually a small cube or

square of tenacious paste, or candy, of varying composition and

flavor.</def>



<hw>Ca*ran"goid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Caranx</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the

<spn>Carangid\'91</spn>, a family of fishes allied to the

mackerels, and including the caranx, American bluefish, and the

pilot fish.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ca"ranx</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of fishes, common on the

Atlantic coast, including the yellow or goldon mackerel.</def>



<hw>Car"a*pace</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The thick shell or sheild which cover

the back of the tortoise, or turtle, the crab, and other

crustaceous animals.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ca`ra*pa"to</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pg.

<ets>carrapato</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A south

American tick of the genus <spn>Amblyamma</spn>. There are

several species, very troublesome to man and beast.</def>



<hw>Car"a*pax</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Carapace</er>.</def>



<hw>Car"at</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>carat</ets> (cf. It. <ets>carato</ets>, OPg.

<ets>quirate</ets>, Pg. & Sp. <ets>quilate</ets>), Ar.

<ets>q<?/r<?/t</ets> bean or pea shell, a weight of four grins, a

carat, fr. Gr. <?/ a little horn, the fruit of the carob tree, a

weight, a carat. See <er>Horn</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

weight by which precious stones and pearls are weighed.</def>



<note><hand/ The <xex>carat</xex> equals three and one fifth

grains Troy, and is divided into four grains, sometimes called

<xex>carat grains</xex>. Diamonds and other precious stones are

estimated by carats and fractions of carats, and pearls, usually,

by carat grains.</note>



<au>Titfany.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A twenty-fourth part; -- a term used in

estimating the proportionate fineness of gold.</def>



<note><hand/ A mass of metal is said to be so many

<xex>carats</xex> fine, according to the number of twenty-fourths

of pure gold which it contains; as, 22 <xex>carats</xex> fine

(goldsmith's standard) = 22 parts of gold, 1 of copper, and 1 of

silver.</note>



<hw>Car"a*van</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>caravane</ets> (cf. Sp. <ets>caravana</ets>), fr. Per.

<ets>karmw\'ben</ets> a caravan (in sense 1). Cf. <er>Van</er> a

wagon.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A company of travelers, pilgrims,

or merchants, organized and equipped for a long journey, or

marching or traveling together, esp. through deserts and

countries infested by robbers or hostile tribes, as in Asia or

Africa.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A large, covered wagon, or a train of such

wagons, for conveying wild beasts, etc., for exhibition; an

itinerant show, as of wild beasts.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A covered vehicle for carrying passengers or for

moving furniture, etc.; -- sometimes shorted into

<xex>van</xex>.</def>



<hw>Car`a*van*eer"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>caravanier</ets>.]</ety> <def>The leader or driver of the

camels in caravan.</def>



<hw>Car`a*van"sa*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl.</plu> <plw>Caravansaries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr> <ety>[F.

<ets>caravans\'82rai</ets>, fr. Per.

<ets>karw\'bensar\'be\'8b</ets>; <ets>karw\'ben</ets> caravan +

<ets>-sar\'be\'8b</ets> palace, large house, inn.]</ety> <def>A

kind of inn, in the East, where caravans rest at night, being a

large, rude, unfurnished building, surrounding a court.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>caravanserai</asp> and

<asp>caravansera</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Car"a*vel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>caravelle</ets> (cf. It. <ets>caravella</ets>, Sp.

<ets>carabela</ets>), fr. Sp. <ets>caraba</ets> a kind of vessel,

fr. L. <ets>carabus</ets> a kind of light boat, fr. Gr. <?/ a

kind of light ship, NGr. <?/ ship, vessel.]</ety> <altsp>[written

also <asp>caravel</asp> and <asp>caravelle</asp>.]</altsp>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A name given to several kinds of

vessels.</def> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The caravel of the 16th century

was a small vessel with broad bows, high, narrow poop, four

masts, and lateen sails. Columbus commanded three

<xex>caravels</xex> on his great voyage.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>A Portuguese vessel of 100 or 150 tons burden.</def>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>A small fishing boat used on the French

coast.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A Turkish man-of-war.</def>



<hw>Car"a*way</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>carvi</ets> (cf. Sp. <ets>carvi</ets> and

<ets>al-caravea</ets>, <ets>al-carahueya</ets>, Pg.

<ets>al-caravia</ets>) fr. Ar. <ets>karaw\'c6\'be</ets>fr. Gr.

<?/; cf. L. <ets>caraum</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A biennial plant of the Parsley family

(<spn>Carum Carui</spn>). The seeds have an aromatic smell, and a

warm, pungent taste. They are used in cookery and confectionery,

and also in medicine as a carminative.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A cake or sweetmeat containing caraway

seeds.</def>



<q><qex>Caraways</qex>, or biscuits, or some other [comfits].</q>

<qau>Cogan.</qau>



<hw>Car*bam"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Carbon</ets> + <ets>amido</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to an acid so called.</def>



<cs><col>Carbamic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an amido

acid, <chform>NH2.CO2H</chform>, not existing in the free state,

but occurring as a salt of ammonium in commercial ammonium

carbonate; -- called also <altname>amido formic

acid</altname>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Car*bam"ide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Carbonyl</ets> + <ets>amide</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The technical name for urea.</def>



<hw>Car*bam"ine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An isocyanide of a hydrocarbon radical.

The carbamines are liquids, usually colorless, and of unendurable

odor.</def>



<hw>Car"ba*nil</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Carbonyl</ets> + <ets>anil</ets>ine.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A mobile liquid,

<chform>CO.N.C6H5</chform>, of pungent odor. It is the phenyl

salt of isocyanic acid.</def>



<hw>Car"ba*zol</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Carb</ets>on + <ets>azo</ets> + <ets>-ol</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white crystallized substance,

<chform>C12H8NH</chform>, derived from aniline and other

amines.</def>



<hw>Car*baz"o*tate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of carbazotic or picric acid; a

picrate.</def>



<hw>Car`ba*zot"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Carb</ets>on + azole.]</ety> <def>Containing, or

derived from, carbon and nitrogen.</def>



<cs><col>Carbazotic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>picric

acid. See under <er>Picric</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Car"bide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Carb</ets>on + <ets>-ide</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A binary compound of carbon with some

other element or radical, in which the carbon plays the part of a

negative; -- formerly termed <altname>carburet</altname>.</def>



<hw>Car"bi*mide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Carbon</ets> + <ets>imide</ets>]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The technical name for isocyanic acid.

See under <er>Isocyanic</er>.</def>



<hw>Car"bine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>carbine</ets>, OF. <ets>calabrin</ets> carabineer (cf. Ot.

<ets>calabrina</ets> a policeman), fr. OF & Pr.

<ets>calabre</ets>, OF. <ets>cable</ets>, <ets>chable</ets>, an

engine of war used in besieging, fr. LL. <ets>chadabula</ets>,

<ets>cabulus</ets>, a kind of projectile machine, fr. Gr. <?/ a

throwing down, fr. <?/ to throw; <?/ down + <?/ to throw. Cf.

<er>Parable</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A short, light

musket or rifle, esp. one used by mounted soldiers or

cavalry.</def>



<hw>Car`bi*neer"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>carabinier</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A soldier

armed with a carbine.</def>



<hw>Car"bi*nol</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Carbin</ets> (Kolbe's name for the radical) +

<ets>-ol</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Methyl alcohol,

<chform>CH3OH</chform>; -- also, by extension, any one in the

homologous series of paraffine alcohols of which methyl alcohol

is the type.</def>



<hw>Car`bo*hy"drate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Carbon</ets> + <ets>hydrate</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>One of a group of compounds

including the sugars, starches, and gums, which contain six (or

some multiple of six) carbon atoms, united with a variable number

of hydrogen and oxygen atoms, but with the two latter always in

proportion as to form water; as dextrose,

<chform>C6H12O6</chform>.</def>



<hw>Car`bo*hy"dride</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Carbon</ets> + <ets>hydrogen</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A hydrocarbon.</def>



<hw>Car*bol"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>carbo</ets> coal + <ets>oleum</ets> oil.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid

derived from coal tar and other sources; <as>as,

<ex>carbolic</ex> acid (called also <xex>phenic acid</xex>, and

<xex>phenol</xex>)</as>. See <er>Phenol</er>.</def>



<hw>Car"bo*lize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To apply carbonic acid to; to wash or

treat with carbolic acid.</def>



<hw>Car"bon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>carbone</ets>, fr. L. <ets>carbo</ets> coal; cf, Skr. <?/ to

cook.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An elementary substance, not

metallic in its nature, which is present in all organic

compounds. Atomic weight 11.97. Symbol C. it is combustible, and

forms the base of lampblack and charcoal, and enters largely into

mineral coals. In its pure crystallized state it constitutes the

diamond, the hardest of known substances, occuring in monometric

crystals like the octahedron, etc. Another modification is

graphite, or blacklead, and in this it is soft, and occurs in

hexagonal prisms or tables. When united with oxygen it forms

carbon dioxide, commonly called carbonic acid, or carbonic oxide,

according to the proportions of the oxygen; when united with

hydrogen, it forms various compounds called hydrocarbons. Compare

<er>Diamond</er>, and <er>Graphite</er>.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Carbon compounds</col>, <col>Compounds of

carbon</col></mcol> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>those compounds

consisting largely of carbon, commonly produced by animals and

plants, and hence called <xex>organic compounds<xex>, though

their synthesis may be effected in many cases in the

laboratory.</cd></cs>



<q>The formation of the <qex>compounds of carbon</qex> is not

dependent upon the life process.</q>

<qau>I. Remsen</qau>



<cs>-<mcol><col>Carbon dioxide</col>, <col>Carbon

monoxide</col></mcol>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under

<er>Carbonic</er>.</cd> -- <col>Carbon light</col>

<cd><fld>(Elec.)</fld>, an extremely brilliant electric light

produced by passing a galvanic current through two carbon points

kept constantly with their apexes neary in contact.</cd> --

<col>Carbon point</col> <cd><fld>(Elec.)</fld>, a small cylinder

or bit of gas carbon moved forward by clockwork so that, as it is

burned away by the electric current, it shall contantly maintain

its proper relation to the opposing point.</cd> -- <col>Carbon

tissue</col>, <cd>paper coated with gelatine and pigment, used in

the autotype process of photography. <au>Abney</au>.</cd> --

<col>Gas carbon</col>, <cd>a compact variety of carbon obtained

as an incrustation on the interior of gas retorts, and used for

the manufacture of the carbon rods of pencils for the voltaic,

arc, and for the plates of voltaic batteries, etc.</cd></cs>



<hw>Car"bo*na`ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to, containing, or composed of, carbon.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Car"bo*nade</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Car`bo*na"do</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>carbonnade</ets>, It. <ets>carbonata</ets>, Sp.

<ets>carbonada</ets>, from L. <ets>carbo</ets> coal.]</ety>

<fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>Flesh, fowl, etc., cut across,

seasoned, and broiled on coals; a chop.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>Car`bo*na"do</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Car"bo*nade</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Carbonadoed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Carbonadoing</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

cut (meat) across for frying or broiling; to cut or slice and

broil.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A short-legged hen daintily <qex>carbonadoed</qex>.</q>

<qau>Bean. & Fl.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cut or hack, as in fighting.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>I'll so <qex>carbonado</qex> your shanks.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Car`bo*na"do</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Carbonadoes</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[Pg.,

carbonated.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A black variety of

diamond, found in Brazil, and used for diamond drills. It occurs

in irregular or rounded fragments, rarely distinctly

crystallized, with a texture varying from compact to

porous.</def>



<hw>Car`bo*na"rism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

principles, practices, or organization of the Carbonari.</def>



<hw>\'d8Car`bo*na"ro</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Carbonari</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[It., a coal

man.]</ety> <def>A member of a secret political association in

Italy, organized in the early part of the nineteenth centry for

the purpose of changing the government into a republic.</def>



<note><hand/ The origin of the <xex>Carbonari</xex> is uncertain,

but the society is said to have first met, in 1808, among the

charcoal burners of the mountains, whose phraseology they

adopted.</note>



<hw>Car`bon*a*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Carbonate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Sugar Making)</fld> <def>The

saturation of defecated beet juice with carbonic acid gas.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Car"bon*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>carbonate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt or

carbonic acid, as in limestone, some forms of lead ore,

etc.</def>



<hw>Car"bon*a`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Combined

or impregnated with carbonic acid.</def>



<hw>Car"bone</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Carbonado</er>.]</ety> <def>To broil. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

\'bdWe had a calf's head <xex>carboned</xex>\'b8.</def>



<au>Pepys.</au>



<hw>Car*bon"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>carbonique</ets>. See <er>Carbon</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or obtained from,

carbon; <as>as, <ex>carbonic</ex> oxide</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Carbonic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an acid

<chform>H2CO3</chform>, not existing separately, which, combined

with positive or basic atoms or radicals, forms carbonates. On

common language the term is very generally applied to a compound

of carbon and oxygen, <chform>CO2</chform>, more correctly called

<xex>carbon dioxide<xex>. It is a colorless, heavy, irrespirable

gas, extinguishing flame, and when breathed destroys life. It can

be reduced to a liquid and solid form by intense pressure. It is

produced in the fermentation of liquors, and by the combustion

and decomposition of organic substances, or other substances

containing carbon. It is formed in the explosion of fire damp in

mines, and is hance called <xex>after damp<xex>; it is also know

as <xex>choke damp<xex>, and <xex>mephilic air<xex>. Water will

absorb its own volume of it, and more than this under pressure,

and in this state becomes the common soda water of the shops, and

the carbonated water of natural springs. Combined with lime it

constitutes limestone, or common marble and chalk. Plants imbibe

it for their nutrition and growth, the carbon being retained and

the oxygen given out.</cd> -- <col>Carbonic oxide</col>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a colorless gas, <chform>CO</chform>, of

a light odor, called more correctly <xex>carbon monoxide<xex>. It

is almost the only definitely known compound in which carbon

seems to be divalent. It is a product of the incomplete

combustion of carbon, and is an abundant constituent of water

gas. It is fatal to animal life, extinguishes combustion, and

burns with a pale blue flame, forming carbon dioxide.</cd></cs>



<-- p. 217 -->



<hw>Car"bon*ide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

carbide.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Car`bon*if"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Carbon</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Producing or containing carbon or coal.</def>



<cs><col>Carboniferous age</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>the age

immediately following the <xex>Devonian<xex>, or <xex>Age of

fishes<xex>, and characterized by the vegatation which formed the

coal beds. This age embraces three periods, the

<xex>Subcarboniferous<xex>, the <xex>Carboniferous<xex>, and

<xex>Permian<xex>. See <cref>Age of acrogens</cref>, under

<er>Acrogen</er>.</cd> -- <col>Carboniferous formation</col>

<fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>the series of rocks (including

sandstones, shales, limestones, and conglomerates, with beds of

coal) which make up the strata of the <xex>Carboniferous age <or/

period</xex>. See the Diagram under <er>Geology</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Car`bon*i*za"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>carbonisation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of

carbonizing.</def>



<hw>Car"bon*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Carbonized</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Carbonizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>carboniser</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cover (an

animal or vegatable substance) into a residue of carbon by the

action of fire or some corrosive agent; to char.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To impregnate or combine with carbon, as in

making steel by cementation.</def>



<hw>Car`bon*om"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Carbon</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An

instrument for detecting and measuring the amount of carbon which

is present, or more esp. the amount of carbon dioxide, by its

action on limewater or by other means.</def>



<hw>Car"bon*yl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Carbon</ets> + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The radical

<chform>(CO)\'b7\'b7</chform>, occuring, always combined, in many

compounds, as the aldehydes, the ketones, urea, carbonyl

chloride, etc.</def>



<note><hand/ Though denoted by a formula identical with that of

carbon monoxide, it is chemically distinct, as carbon seems to be

divalent in carbon monoxide, but tetravalent in carbonyl

compounds.</note>



<cs><col>Carbonyl chloride</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a

colorless gas, <chform>COCl2</chform>, of offensive odor, and

easily condensable to liquid.  It is formed from chlorine and

carbon monoxide, under the influence of light, and hence has been

called <altname>phosgene gas</altname>; -- called also

<altname>carbon oxychloride</altname>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Car`bo*sty"ril</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Carbon</ets> + <ets>styr</ets>ene.]</ety> <def>A white

crystalline substance, <chform>C9H6N.OH</chform>, of acid

properties derived from one of the amido cinnamic acids.</def>



<hw>Car*box"ide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Carbon</ets> + <ets>oxide</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound of carbon and oxygen, as

carbonyl, with some element or radical; <as>as, potassium

<ex>carboxide</ex></as>.</def>



<cs><col>Potassium carboxide</col>, <cd>a grayish explosive

crystalline compound, <chform>C6O6K</chform>, obtained by passing

carbon monoxide over heated potassium.</cd></cs>



<hw>Car*box"yl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Carbon</ets> + <ets>oxygen</ets> +

<ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The complex

radical, <chform>CO.OH</chform>, regarded as the essential and

characteristic constituent which all oxygen acids of carbon (as

formic, acetic, benzoic acids, etc.) have in common; -- called

also <altname>oxatyl</altname>.</def>



<hw>Car"boy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Ir. & Gael

<ets>carb</ets> basket; or Pers <ets>qur\'bebah</ets> a sort of

bottle.]</ety> <def>A large, globular glass bottle, esp. one of

green glass, inclosed in basket work or in a box, for protection;

-- used commonly for carrying corrosive liquids; as sulphuric

acid, etc.</def>



<hw>Car"bun*cle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>carbunculus</ets> a little coal, a bright kind of precious

stone, a kind of tumor, dim. of <ets>carbo</ets> coal: cf. F.

<ets>carboncle</ets>. See <er>Carbon</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A beautiful gem of a deep red

color (with a mixture of scarlet) called by the Greeks

<xex>anthrax</xex>; found in the East Indies. When held up to the

sun, it loses its deep tinge, and becomes of the color of burning

coal. The name belongs for the most part to ruby sapphire, though

it has been also given to red spinel and garnet.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A very painful acute local

inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue, esp. of the trunk or

back of the neck, characterized by brawny hardness of the

affected parts, sloughing of the skin and deeper tissues, and

marked constitutional depression. It differs from a boil in size,

tendency to spread, and the absence of a central core, and is

frequently fatal. It is also called

<altname>anthrax</altname>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A charge or bearing supposed

to represent the precious stone. It has eight scepters or staves

radiating from a common center. Called also

<altname>escarbuncle</altname>.</def>



<hw>Car"bun*cled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Set with carbuncles.</def>



<q>He has deserves it [armor], were it <qex>carbuncled</qex>

Like holy Phabus' car.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Affected with a carbuncle or carbuncles; marked

with red sores; pimpled and blotched.</def> \'bdA

<xex>carbuncled</xex> face.\'b8



<au>Brome.</au>



<hw>Car*bun"cu*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Belonging to a carbuncle; resembling a carbuncle; red;

inflamed.</def>



<hw>Car*bun`cu*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>carbunculatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The blasting of the young

buds of trees or plants, by excessive heat or caold.</def>



<au>Harris.</au>



<hw>Car"bu*ret</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Carbon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A carbide. See

<er>Carbide</er></def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<hw>Car"bu*ret</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp & p.

p.</pos> <er>Carbureted</er> or <er>Carburetted</er> (<?/);

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Carbureting</er> or

<er>Carburetting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To combine or to

impregnate with carbon, as by passing through or over a liquid

hydrocarbon; to carbonize or carburize.</def>



<q>By <qex>carbureting</qex> the gas you may use poorer coal.</q>

<qau>Knight.</qau>



<hw>Car"bu*ret`ant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Any

volatile liquid used in charging illuminating gases.</def>



<hw>Car"bu*ret`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Combined with carbon in the manner of a

carburet or carbide.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Saturated or impregnated with some volatile

carbon compound; <as>as, water gas is <ex>carbureted</ex> to

increase its illuminating power</as>.</def>



<altsp>[Written also <asp>carburetted</asp>.]</altsp>



<cs><col>Carbureted hydrogen gas</col>, <cd>any one of several

gaseous compounds of carbon and hydrogen, some of with make up

illuminating gas.</cd> -- <col>Light carbureted hydrogen</col>,

<cd>marsh gas, <chform>CH4</chform>; fire damp<--;

methane-->.</cd></cs>



<hw>Car"bu*ret`or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An apparatus in which coal gas, hydrogen,

or air is passed through or over a volatile hydrocarbon, in order

to confer or increase illuminating power.</def> <altsp>[Written

also <asp>carburettor</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Car"bu*ri*za`tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The act, process, or result of

carburizing.</def>



<hw>Car"bu*rize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Carburized</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. N.</pos>

<er>Carburizing</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To

combine wtih carbon or a carbon compound; -- said esp. of a

process for conferring a higher degree of illuminating power on

combustible gases by mingling them with a vapor of valatile

hydrocarbons.</def>



<hw>Car"ca*jou</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Probably a

Canadian French corruption of an Indian name of the

wolverene.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The wolverence; --

also applied, but erroneously, to the Canada lynx, and sometimes

to the American badger. See <er>Wolverene</er>.</def>



<hw>Car"ca*net</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Dim. fr. F.

<ets>carcan</ets> the iron collar or chain of a criminal, a chain

of preciousstones, LL. <ets>carcannum</ets>, fr. Armor. 

<ets>kerchen</ets> bosom, neck, <ets>kechen</ets> collar, fr.

<ets>kelch</ets> circle; or Icel. <ets>kverk</ets> troat, OHG,

<ets>querca</ets> throat.]</ety> <def>A jeweled chain, necklace,

or collar.</def> <altsp>[Also written <asp>carkenet</asp> and

<asp>carcant</asp>.]</altsp>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Car"case</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Carcass</er>.</def>



<hw>Car"cass</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Carcasses</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>carcase</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[F. <ets>carcasse</ets>, fr.

It. <ets>carcassa</ets>, fr. L. <ets>caro</ets> flesh +

<ets>capsa</ets> chest, box, case. Cf. <er>Carnal</er>,

<er>Case</er> a sheath.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A dead body,

whether of man or beast; a corpse; now commonly the dead body of

a beast.</def>



<q>He turned to see the <qex>carcass</qex> of the lion.</q>

<qau>Judges xiv. 8.</qau>



<q>This kept thousands in the town whose <qex>carcasses</qex>

went into the great pits by cartloads.</q>

<qau>De Foe.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The living body; -- now commonly used in

contempt or ridicule.</def> \'bdTo pamper his own

<xex>carcass</xex>.\'b8



<au>South.</au>



<q>Lovely her face; was ne'er so fair a creature.

For earthly <qex>carcass</qex> had a heavenly feature.</q>

<qau>Oldham.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The abandoned and decaying remains of some bulky

and once comely thing, as a ship; the skeleton, or the uncovered

or unfinished frame, of a thing.</def>



<q>A rotten <qex>carcass</qex> of a boat.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A hollow case or shell, filled

with combustibles, to be thrown from a mortar or howitzer, to set

fire to buldings, ships, etc.</def>



<q>A discharge of <qex>carcasses</qex> and bombshells.</q>

<qau>W. Iving.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Car`ca*vel"hos</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

sweet wine. See <er>Calcavella</er>.</def>



<hw>Car"ce*lage</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>carcelladium</ets>, <ets>carceragium</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>carcer</ets> prison.]</ety> <def>Prison fees.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Car"cel lamp`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[Named after

<er>Carcel</er>, the inventor.]</ety> <def>A French mechanical

lamp, for lighthouses, in which a superbundance of oil is pumped

to the wick tube by clockwork.</def>



<hw>Car"cer*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>carceralis</ets>, fr. <ets>carcer</ets> prison.]</ety>

<def>Belonging a prison.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Foxe.</au>



<hw>Car`ci*no*log"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of

or pertaining to carcinology.</def>



<hw>Car`ci*nol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ a crab + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>The depertment of <xex>zo\'94logy</xex> which treats of the

<spn>Crustacea</spn> (lobsters, crabs, etc.); -- called also

<altname>malacostracology</altname> and

<altname>crustaceology</altname>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Car`ci*no"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ crab, cancer. See <er>-oma</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A cancer. By some medical writers, the

term is applied to an indolent tumor. See <er>Cancer</er>.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>Car`ci*nom"a*tous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to carcinoma.</def>



<hw>\'d8Car`ci*no"sys</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/ cancer.]</ety> <def>The affection of the system with

cancer.</def>



<hw>Card</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>carte</ets>, fr. L. <ets>charta</ets> paper, Gr. <?/ a leaf

of paper. Cf. <er>Chart</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A piece of

pasteboard, or thick paper, blank or prepared for various uses;

<as>as, a playing <ex>card</ex>; a visiting <ex>card</ex>; a

<ex>card</ex> of invitation</as>; <pluf>pl.</pluf> a game played

with cards.</def>



<q>Our first <qex>cards</qex> were to Carabas House.</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A published note, containing a brief statement,

explanation, request, expression of thanks, or the like; <as>as,

to put a <ex>card</ex> in the newspapers</as>. Also, a printed

programme, and (<xex>fig</xex>.), an attraction or inducement;

<as>as, this will be a good <ex>card</ex> for the last day of the

fair</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A paper on which the points of the compass are

marked; the dial or face of the mariner's compass.</def>



<q>All the quartere that they know

I' the shipman's <qex>card</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Weaving)</fld> <def>A perforated pasteboard or

sheet-metal plate for warp threads, making part of the Jacquard

apparatus of a loom. See <er>Jacquard</er>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>An indicator card. See under

<er>Indicator</er>.</def>



<cs><col>Business card</col>, <cd>a card on which is printed an

advertisement or business address.</cd> -- <col>Card basket</col>

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A basket to hold visiting cards left by

callers.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A basket made of cardboard.</cd>

-- <col>Card catalogue</col>. <cd>See <er>Catalogue</er>.</cd> --

<col>Card rack</col>, <cd>a rack or frame for holding and

displaying business or visiting card.</cd> -- <col>Card

table</col>, <cd>a table for use inplaying cards, esp. one having

a leaf which folds over.</cd> -- <col>On the cards</col>,

<cd>likely to happen; foretold and expected but not yet brought

to pass; -- a phrase of fortune tellers that has come into common

use; also, according to the programme.</cd> -- <col>Playing

card</col>, <cd>cards used in playing games; specifically, the

cards cards used playing which and other games of chance, and

having each pack divided onto four kinds or suits called hearts,

diamonds, clubs, and spades. The full or whist pack contains

fifty-two cards.</cd> -- <col>To have the cards in one's own

hands</col>, <cd>to have the winning cards; to have the means of

success in an undertaking.</cd> -- <col>To play one's cards

well</col>, <cd>to make no errors; to act shrewdly.</cd> --

<col>To play snow one's cards</col>, <cd>to expose one's plants

to rivals or foes.</cd> -- <col>To speak by the card</col>,

<cd>to speak from information and definitely, not by guess as in

telling a ship's bearing by the compass card.</cd> --

<col>Visiting card</col>, <cd>a small card bearing the name, and

sometimes the address, of the person presenting it.</cd></cs>



<hw>Card</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Carded</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Carding</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To play at cards; to

game.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Card</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>carde</ets> teasel,

the head of a thistle, card, from L. <ets>carduus</ets>,

<ets>cardus</ets>, thistle, fr. <ets>carere</ets> to card.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>An instrument for disentangling and arranging

the fibers of cotton, wool, flax, etc.; or for cleaning and

smoothing the hair of animals; -- usually consisting of bent wire

teeth set closely in rows in a thick piece of leather fastened to

a back.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A roll or sliver of fiber (as of wool) delivered

from a carding machine.</def>



<cs><col>Card clothing</col>, <cd>strips of wire-toothed card

used for covering the cylinders of carding machines.</cd></cs>



<hw>Card</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

comb with a card; to cleanse or disentangle by carding; <as>as,

to <ex>card</ex> wool; to <ex>card</ex> a horse.</as></def>



<q>These <qex>card</qex> the short comb the longer flakes.</q>

<qau>Dyer.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To clean or clear, as if by using a card.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>This book [must] be <qex>carded</qex> and purged.</q>

<qau>T. Shelton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To mix or mingle, as with an inferior or weaker

article.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>You <qex>card</qex> your beer, if you guests being to be

drunk. -- half small, half strong.</q>

<qau>Greene.</qau>



<note><hand/ In the manufacture of wool, cotton, etc., the

process of carding disentangles and collects together all the

fibers, of whatever length, and thus differs from combing, in

which the longer fibers only are collected, while the short

straple is combed away. See <er>Combing</er>.</note>



<hw>Car"da*mine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cardamina</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F.

<ets>cardamine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of

cruciferous plants, containing the lady's-smock, cuckooflower,

bitter cress, meadow cress, etc.</def>



<hw>Car"da*mom</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cardamonun</ets>, Gr. <?/]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

aromatic fruit, or capsule with its seeds, of several plants of

the Ginger family growing in the East Indies and elsewhere, and

much used as a condiment, and in medicine.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant which prduces

cardamoms, esp. <xex>Elettaria Cardamomum</xex> and several of

<xex>Amommum</xex>.</def>



<hw>Card"board</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A stiff

compact pasteboard of various qualities, for making cards, etc.,

often having a polished surface.</def>



<hw>Card"case`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A case for

visiting cards.</def>



<hw>Car"de*cu</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Corrupt,

from F. <ets>quart d'\'82cu</ets>.]</ety> <def>A quarter of a

crown.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The bunch of them were not worth a <qex>cardecu</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<hw>Card"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which cards wool flax, etc.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Car"di*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr.

<?/ heart, or upper orifice of the stomach.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The heart.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The anterior or cardiac orifice of the stomach,

where the esophagus enters it.</def>



<hw>Car"di*ac</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cardiacus</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, fr. <?/ heart: cf. F.

<ets>cardiaque</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>Pertaining to, resembling, or hear the heart; <as>as, the

<ex>cardiac</ex> arteries; the <ex>cardiac</ex>, or left, end of

the stomach.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Exciting action in the heart,

through the medium of the stomach; cordial; stimulant.</def>



<cs><col>Cardiac passion</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>cardialgia;

heartburn.</cd> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> -- <col>Cardiac

wheel</col>. <cd><fld>(Mach.)</fld> See <er>Heart

wheel</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Car"di*ac</hw> <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A

medicine which excites action in the stomach; a cardial.</def>



<hw>Car*di"a*cal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Cardiac.</def>



<hw>Car"di*a*cle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A pain

about the heart.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Car"di*a*graph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Cardiograph</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Car`di*al"gl*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Car"di*al`gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL. <ets>cardialgia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ heart + <?/

pain: cf. F. <ets>cardialgie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>A burning or gnawing pain, or feeling of distress, referred

to the region of the heart, accompanied with cardisc palpitation;

heartburn. It is usually a symptom of indigestion.</def>



<hw>Car"di*gan jack`et</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[From the Earl of

<ets>Cardigan</ets>, who was famous in the Crimean campaign of

1854-55.]</ety> <def>A warm jacket of knit worsted with or

without sleeves.</def>



<hw>Car"di*nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cardinalis</ets>, fr. <ets>cardo</ets> the hing of a door,

that on which a thing turns or depends: cf. F.

<ets>cardinal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of fundamental importance;

pre\'89minet; superior; chief; principal.</def>



<q>The <qex>cardinal</qex> intersections of the zodiac.</q>

<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>



<q>Impudence is now a <qex>cardinal</qex> virtue.</q>

<qau>Drayton.</qau>



<q>But <qex>cardinal</qex> sins, and hollow hearts, I fear

ye.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>Cardinal numbers</col>, <cd>the numbers <xex>one<xex>,

<xex>two<xex>, <xex>three<xex>, etc., in distinction from

<xex>first<xex>, <xex>second<xex>, <xex>third<xex>, etc., which

are called <xex>ordinal numbers<xex>.</cd> -- <col>Cardinal

points</col> <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>The four

principal points of the compass, or intersections of the horizon

with the meridian and the prime vertical circle, north, south

east, and west.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Astrol.)</fld> <cd>The

rising and setting of the sun, the zenith and nadir. --

<col>Cardinal signs</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <cd>Aries, Lidra,

Cancer, and Capricorn.</cd> -- <col>Cardinal teeth</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the central teeth of bivalve shell.

See <er>Bivalve</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cardinal veins</col>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the veins in vertebrate embryos, which

run each side of the vertebral column and returm the blood to the

heart. They remain through life in some fishes.</cd> --

<col>Cardinal virtues</col>, <cd>pre\'89minent virtues; among the

ancients, prudence, justice, temperance, and fortitude.</cd> --

<col>Cardinal winds</col>, <cd>winds which blow from the cardinal

points due north, south, east, or west.</cd></cs>



<hw>Car"di*nal</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>carinal</ets>,

It. <ets>cardinale</ets>, LL. <ets>cardimalis</ets> (ecclesi\'91

Roman\'91). See <er>Cardinal</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>1.

<fld>(R.C.Ch.)</fld> One of the ecclesiastical prince who

constitute the pope's council, or the sacred college.</def>



<q>The clerics of the supreme Chair are called

<qex>Cardinals</qex>, as undoubtedly adhering more nearly to the

hinge by which all things are moved.</q>

<qau>Pope Leo IX.</qau>



<note><hand/ The <xex>cardinals</xex> are appointed by the pope.

Since the time of Sixtus V., their number can never exceed

seventy (six of episcopal rank, fifty priests, fourteen deacons),

and the number of cardinal priests and deacons is seldom full.

When the papel chair is vacant a pope is elected by the college

of cardinals from among themselves. The cardinals take procedence

of all dignitaries except the pope. The principal parts of a

cardinal's costume are a red cassock, a rochet, a short purple

mantle, and a red hat with a small crown and broad, brim, with

cards and tessels of a special pattern hanging from it.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A woman's short cloak with a hood.</def>



<q>Where's your <qex>cardinal</qex>! Make haste.</q>

<qau>Lloyd.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Mulled red wine.</def>



<au>Hotten.</au>



<-- p. 218 -->



<cs><mcol><col>Cardinal bird</col>, <or/ <col>Cardinal

grosbeak</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an American song

bird (<spn>Cardinalis cardinalis</spn>, or <spn>C.

Virginianus</spn>), of the family <spn>Fringillid\'91</spn>, or

finches having a bright red plumage, and a high, pointed crest on

its head. The males have loud and musical notes resembling those

of a fife. Other related species are also called <xex>cardinal

birds<xex>.</cd> -- <col>Cardinal flower</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,

<cd>an herbaceous plant (<spn>Lobelia cardinalis</spn>) bearing

brilliant red flowers of much beauty.</cd> -- <col>Cardinal

red</col>, <cd>color like that of a cardinal's cassock, hat,

etc.; a bright red, darket than scarlet, and between scarlet and

crimson.</cd></cs>



<hw>Car"di*nal*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>cardinalat</ets>, LL. <ets>cardinalatus</ets>.]</ety>

<def>The office, rank, or dignity of a cardinal.</def>



<hw>Car"di*nal*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

exalt to the office of a cardinal.</def>



<au>Sheldon.</au>



<hw>Car"di*nal*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The condition,

dignity, of office of a cardinal</def>



<hw>Card"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act or process of preparing staple for spinning, etc.,

bycarding it. See the Note under <er>Card</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A roll of wool or other fiber as it comes from

the carding machine.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Carding engine</col>, <col>Carding

machine</col></mcol>, <cd>a machine for carding cotton, wool, or

other fiber, by subjecting it to the action of cylinders, or drum

covered with wire-toothed cards, revoling nearly in contact with

each other, at different rates of speed, or in opposite

directions, The staple issues in soft sheets, or in slender rolls

called <xex>sivers<xex>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Car"di*o*graph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

heart + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An

instrument which, when placed in contact with the chest, will

register graphically the comparative duration and intensity of

the heart's movements.</def>



<hw>Car`di*o*graph"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to, or produced by, a

cardiograph.</def>



<hw>Car"di*oid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. (<?/)

heart-sheped; <?/ herat + <?/ shape.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld>

<def>An algebraic curve, so called from its resemblance to a

heart.</def>



<hw>Car`di*o*in*hib"i*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Checking or arresting the heart's

action.</def>



<hw>Car`di*ol"*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

heat + <ets>-ology</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science which treats of

the heart and its functions.</def>



<hw>Car`di*om"e*try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ heart + <ets>-metry</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>Measurement of the heart, as by percussion or

auscultation.</def>



<hw>Car`di*o*sphyg"mo*graph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>A combination of cardiograph and shygmograph.</def>



<hw>\'d8Car*di"tis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/ heart + <ets>-itis</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>cardile</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med)</fld> <def>Inflammation of

the fleshy or muscular substance of the heart. See

<er>Endocardris</er> and <er>Pericarditis</er>.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>\'d8Car"do</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Cardies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu>) <ety>[L., a hinge.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The basal joint of the

maxilla in insects.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The hinge of a

bivalve shell.</def>



<hw>Car"dol</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.

Ana<ets>cardium</ets> generic name of the cashew + L. <ets>oleum

oil</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellow oil liquid,

extracted from the shell of the cashew nut.</def>



<hw>Car*doon"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>cardon</ets>. The same word as F. <ets>cardon</ets> thistle,

fr. L. <ets>carduus</ets>, <ets>cardus</ets>, LL.

<ets>cardo</ets>. See 3d <er>Card</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A large herbaceos plant (<spn>Cynara Cardunculus</spn>)

related to the artichoke; -- used in cookery and as a sald.</def>



<hw>Care</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>caru</ets>, <ets>cearu</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>kara</ets>

sorrow Goth. <ets>kara</ets> lament, and to <ets>Gr</ets>.

<ets><?/ voice</ets>. <ets>Not akin to cure</ets>. Cf.

<er>Chary</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A burdensome sense of

responsibility; trouble caused by onerous duties; anxiety;

concern; solicitude.</def>



<q><qex>Care</qex> keeps his wath in every old man's eye,

And where <qex>care</qex> lodges, sleep will never lie.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Charge, oversight, or management, implying

responsibility for safety and prosperity.</def>



<q>The <qex>care</qex> of all the churches.</q>

<qau>2 Car. xi. 28</qau>



<q>Him thy <qex>care</qex> must be to find.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>Perlexed with a thousand <qex>cares</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Attention or heed; caution; regard; heedfulness;

watchfulness; <as>as, take <ex>care</ex>; have a

<ex>care</ex>.</as></def>



<q>I thank thee for thy <qex>care</qex> and honest pains.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The object of watchful attention or

anxiety.</def>



<q>Right sorrowfully mourning her bereaved <qex>cares</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Anxiety; solicitude; concern; caution; regard;

management; direction; oversight. -- <er>Care</er>,

<er>Anxiety</er>, <er>Solicitude</er>, <er>Concern</er>. These

words express mental pain in different degress. <xex>Care</xex>

belongs primarily to the intellect, and becomes painful from

overburdened thought. <xex>Anxiety</xex> denotes a state of

distressing uneasiness fron the dread of evil.

<xex>Solicitude</xex> expresses the same feeling in a diminished

dagree. <xex>Concern</xex> is opposed to <xex>indifference</xex>,

and implies exercise of anxious thought more or less intense. We

are <xex>careful</xex> about the means, <xex>solicitous</xex> and

<xex>anxious</xex> about the end; we are <xex>solicitous</xex> to

obtain a good, <xex>axious</xex> to avoid an evil.</syn>



<hw>Care</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Cared</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Caring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>cearian</ets>. See

<er>Care</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>To be anxious or

solictous; to be concerned; to have regard or interest; --

sometimes followed by an objective of measure.</def>



<q>I would not <qex>care</qex> a pin, if the other three were

in.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Master, <qex>carest</qex> thou not that we perish?</q>

<qau>Mark. iv. 38.</qau>



<cs><col>To care for</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To have under

watchful attention; to take care of.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To

have regard or affection for; to like or love.</cd></cs>



<q>He <qex>cared</qex> not for the affection of the house.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Ca*reen"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Careened</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Careening</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>cariner</ets>, F.

<ets>car\'82ner</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>car\'8ane</ets>, the bottom

of a ship, keel, fr. L. <ets>carina</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To cause (a vessel) to lean over so that

she floats on one side, leaving the other side out of water and

accessible for repairs below the water line; to case to be off

the keel.</def>



<hw>Ca*reen"</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To

incline to one side, or lie over, as a ship when sailing on a

wind; to be off the keel.</def>



<hw>Ca*reen"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>car\'82nage</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>Expense of careening ships.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A place

for careening.</def>



<hw>Ca*reer"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>carri\'8are</ets> race course, high road, street, fr. L.

<ets>carrus</ets> wagon. See <er>Car</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A race course: the ground run over.</def>



<q>To go back again the same <qex>career</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A running; full speed; a rapid course.</def>



<q>When a horse is running in his full <qex>career</qex>.</q>

<qau>Wilkins.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>General course of action or conduct in life, or

in a particular part or calling in life, or in some special

undertaking; usually applied to course or conduct which is of a

pubic character; <as>as, Washington's <ex>career</ex> as a

soldier</as>.</def>



<q>An impartial view of his whole <qex>career</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Falconary)</fld> <def>The fight of a

hawk.</def>



<hw>Ca*reer"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Careered</er> 3; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Careering</er>]</wordforms> <def>To move or run

rapidly.</def>



<q><qex>areering</qex> gayly over the curling waves.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<hw>Care"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>cearful</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Full of care;

anxious; solicitous</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>Be <qex>careful</qex> [Rev. Ver. \'bdanxious\'b8] for

nothing.</q>

<qau>Phil. iv. 6.</qau>



<q>The <qex>careful</qex> plowman doubting stands.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Filling with care or colicitube; exposing to

concern, anxiety, or trouble; painful.</def>



<q>The <qex>careful</qex> cold beinneth for to creep.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<q>By Him that raised me to this <qex>careful</qex> height.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Taking care; gicing good heed; watchful;

cautious; provident; not indifferent heedless, or reckless; --

often follower by<xex>of</xex>, <xex>for</xex>, or the

infinitive; <as>as, <ex>careful</ex> of money; <ex>careful</ex>

to do right.</as></def>



<q>Thou hast been careful for us with all this care.</q>

<qau>2. Kings iv, 13.</qau>



<q>What could a <qex>careful</qex> father more have done?</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Anxious; solicitous; provident; thoughtful;

cautious; circumspect; heedful; watchful; vigilant.</syn>



<hw>Care"ful*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a careful

manner.</def>



<hw>Care"ful*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality or state of

being careful.</def>



<hw>Care"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>cearle\'a0s</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Free from care or

anxiety. hence, cheerful; light-hearted.</def>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<q>Sleep she as sound as <qex>careless</qex> infancy.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having no care; not taking ordinary or proper

care; negligent; unconcerned; heedless; inattentive; unmindful;

regardless.</def>



<q>My brother was too <qex>careless</qex> of his charge.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>He grew <qex>careless</qex> of himself.</q>

<qau>Steele.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Without thought or purpose; without due care;

without attention to rule or system; unstudied; inconsiderate;

spontaneouse; rash; <as>as, a <ex>careless</ex> throw; a

<ex>careless</ex> expression.</as></def>



<q>He framed the <qex>careless</qex> rhyme.</q>

<qau>Beatie.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Not receiving care; uncared for.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Their many wounds and <qex>careless</qex> hatms.</q>

<qau>Spemser.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Negligent; heedless; thoughtless; unthinking;

inattentive; incautious; remiss; forgetful; regardless;

inconsiderate; listless.</syn>



<hw>Care"less*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a careless

manner.</def>



<hw>Care"less*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state

of being careless; heedlessness; negligenece; inattention.</def>



<hw>Ca*rene"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>carena</ets>, corrupted fr. <ets>quarentena</ets>. See

<er>Quarantine</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Ecol.)</fld> <def>A fast of

forty days on bread and water.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ca*ress"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>caresse</ets>, It. <ets>carezza</ets>, LL.

<ets>caritia</ets> dearness, fr. L. <ets>carus</ets> dear. See

<er>Charity</er>.]</ety> <def>An act of endearment; any act or

expression of affection; an embracing, or touching, with

tenderness.</def>



<q>Wooed her with his soft <qex>caresses</qex>.</q>

<qau>Langfellow.</qau>



<q>He exerted himself to win by indulgence and

<qex>caresses</qex> the hearts of all who were under his

command.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Ca*ress"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Caressed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Caressing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.

<ets>caresser</ets>, fr. It. <ets>carezzare</ets>, fr.

<ets>carezza</ets> caress. See <er>Caress</er>.,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>To treat with tokens of fondness,

affection, or kindness; to touch or speak to in a loving or

endearing manner; to fondle.</def>



<q>The lady <qex>caresses</qex> the rough bloodhoun.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To foundle; embrace; pet; coddle; court;

flatter.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Caress</er>, <er>Fondle</er>.

\'bdWe <xex>caress</xex> by words or actions; we

<xex>fondle</xex> by actions only.\'b8</usage>



<au>Crabb.</au>



<hw>Ca*ress"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>ad.</pos> <def>In caressing

manner.</def>



<hw>Ca"ret</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>caret</ets> there is wanting, fr. <ets>carere</ets> to

want.]</ety> <def>A mark [^] used by writers and proof readers to

indicate that something is interlined above, or inserted in the

margin, which belongs in the place marked by the caret.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ca`ret"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., a

species of tortoise.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The

hawkbill turtle. See <er>Hawkbill</er>.</def>



<hw>Care"*tuned</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Weary;

mournful.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Care"worn`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Worn or

burdened with care; <as>as, <ex>careworn</ex> look or

face</as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ca"rex</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

sedge.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A numerous and widely

distributed genus of perennial herbaceous plants of the order

<xex>Cypreace\'91</xex>; the sedges.</def>



<hw>Carf</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>pret.</pos> of

<er>Carve</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Car"ga*son</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>cargaison</ets>, Sp. <ets>cargazon</ets>, LL.

<ets>cargare</ets> to load. See <er>rgo</er>.]</ety> <def>A

cargo.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Car"go</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Cargoes</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[Sp.

<ets>cargo</ets>, <ets>carga</ets>, burden, load, from

<ets>cargar</ets> to load, from <ets>cargar</ets> to load,

charge, See <er>Charge</er>.]</ety> <def>The lading or freight of

a ship or other vessel; the goods, merchandise, or whatever is

conveyed in a vessel or boat; load; freight.</def>



<q><qex>Cargoes</qex> of food or clothing.</q>

<qau>E. Everett.</qau>



<note><hand/ The term <xex>cargo</xex>, in law, is usually

applied to goods only, and not to live animals or persons.</note>



<au>Burill.</au>



<hw>Car"goose`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Perh. fr.

Gael. & Ir. <ets>cir</ets>, <ets>cior</ets> (pronounced kir,

kior), crest, comb + E. <ets>goose</ets>. Cf.

<er>Crebe</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species of

grebe (<spn>Podiceps crisratus</spn>); the crested grebe.</def>



<hw>\'d8\'80a"ri*a"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large,

long-legged South American bird (<spn>Dicholophus

cristatus</spn>) which preys upon snakes, etc. See

<er>Seriema</er>.</def>



<hw>Car"ib</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Caries</plw>.</plu> <ety>[See <er>Cannibal</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Ethol.)</fld> <def>A native of the Caribbee islands or the

coaste of the Caribbean sea; esp., one of a tribe of Indians

inhabiting a region of South America, north of the Amazon, and

formerly most of the West India islands.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Car`ib*be"an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Car`ib*bee</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the

Caribs, to their islands (the eastern and southern West Indies),

or to the sea (called the Caribbean sa) lying between those

islands and Central America.</def>



<hw>Car"ib*bee</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A Carib.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ca*ri"be</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp. a

cannibal.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld>. <def>A south American

fresh water fish of the genus <spn>Serrasalmo</spn> of many

species, remakable for its voracity. When numerous they attack

man or beast, often with fatal results.</def>



<hw>Car"i*bou</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Canadian

French.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The American reindeer,

especially the common or woodland species (<spn>Rangifer

Caribou</spn>).</def>



<cs><col>Barren Ground caribou</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Barren</er>.</cd> -- <col>Woodland caribou</col>, <cd>the

common reindeer (<spn>Rangifer Caribou</spn>) of the northern

forests of America.</cd></cs>



<hw>Car"i*ca*ture</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.

<ets>caricatura</ets>, fr. <ets>caricare</ets> to charge,

overload, exaggerate. See <er>Charge</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An exaggeration, or distortion

by exaggeration, of parts or characteristics, as in a

picture.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A picture or other figure or description in

which the peculiarities of a person or thing are so exaggerated

as to appear ridiculous; a burlesque; a parody.</def>

<altsp>[Formerly written <asp>caricatura</asp>.]</altsp>



<q>The truest likeness of the prince of French literature will be

the one that has most of the look of a <qex>caricature</qex>.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<q>A grotesque <qex>caricature</qex> of virtue.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Car"i*ca*ture</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. &

p. p.</pos> <er>Caricatured</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Caricaturing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make or draw

a caricature of; to represent with ridiculous exaggeration; to

burlesque.</def>



<q>He could draw an ill face, or <qex>caricature</qex> a good

one, with a masterly hand.</q>

<qau>Lord Lyttelton.</qau>



<hw>Car"i*ca*tu`rist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

who caricatures.</def>



<hw>Car"i*cous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>carica</ets> a kind of dry fig.]</ety> <def>Of the shape of

a fig; <as>as, a <ex>caricous</ex> tumor</as>.</def>



<au>Graig.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ca"ri*es</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[L.,

decay.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Ulceration of bone; a

process in which bone disintegrates and is carried away

piecemeal, as distinguished from <xex>necrosis</xex>, in which it

dies in masses.</def>



<hw>Car"il*lon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>carillon</ets> a chime of bells, originally consisting of

four bells, as if fr.. (assumed) L. <ets>quadrilio</ets>, fr.

<ets>quatuer</ets> four.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A chime of bells diatonically

tuned, played by clockwork or by finger keys.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A tune adapted to be played by musical

bells.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ca*ri"na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

keel.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A keel</def>.

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>That part of a papilionaceous flower,

consisting of two petals, commonly united, which incloses the

organs of fructification</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A longitudinal

ridge or projection like the keel of a boat.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The keel of the breastbone

of birds.</def>



<hw>Car`i*na"ri*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.

L. <ets>carina</ets> keel.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

genus of oceanic heteropod Mollusca, having a thin, glassy,

bonnet-shaped shell, which covers only the nucleus and

gills.</def>



<hw>\'d8Car`i*na"t\'91</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., Fem. pl. fr. L. <er>carinatus</er>. See

<er>Carinate</er>.]</ety> <def>A grand division of birds,

including all existing flying birds; -- So called from the

<xex>carina</xex> or keel on the breastbone.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Car"i*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Car"i*na`ted</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>carinatus</ets>,

fr. <ets>carina</ets> keel.]</ety> <def>Shaped like the keel or

prow of a ship; having a carina or keel; <as>as, a

<ex>carinate</ex> calyx or leaf; a <ex>carinate</ex> sternum (of

a bird).</as></def>



<hw>Car"i*ole</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>carriole</ets>, dim. fr. L. <ets>carrus</ets>. See

<er>Car</er>, and <er>Carryall</er>.]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A

small, light, open one-horse carriage</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A

covered cart</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A kind of calash. See

<er>Carryall</er>.</def>



<hw>Car"i*op"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Caryopsis</er>.</def>



<hw>Ca`ri*os"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Caries.</def>



<hw>Ca"ri*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cariosus</ets>, fr. <ets>caries</ets> dacay.]</ety>

<def>Affected with caries; decaying; <as>as, a <ex>carious</ex>

tooth</as>.</def>



<hw>Cark</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>cark</ets>, fr. a dialectic form of F. <ets>charge</ets>;

cf. W. <ets>carc</ets> anxiety, care, Arm <ets>karg</ets> charge,

burden. See <er>Charge</er>, and cf. <er>Cargo</er>.]</ety>

<def>A noxious or corroding care; solicitude; worry.</def>

<mark>[Archaic.]</mark>



<q>His heavy head, devoid of careful <qex>cark</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<q>Fling <qex>cark</qex> and care aside.</q>

<qau>Motherwell.</qau>



<q>Ereedom from the cares of money and the <qex>cark</qex> of

fashion.</q>

<qau>R. D. Blackmore.</qau>



<-- p. 219 -->



<hw>Cark</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To be careful,

anxious, solicitous, or troubles in mind; to worry or

grieve.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Beau. & fl.</au>



<hw>Cark</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To vex; to worry; to make by

anxious care or worry.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Nor can a man, independently . . . of God's blessing, care and

<qex>cark</qex> himself one penny richer.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<hw>Car"ka*net</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

carcanet.</def>



<au>Southey.</au>



<hw>Cark"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Distressing;

worrying; perplexing; corroding; <as>as, <ex>carking</ex>

cares</as>.</def>



<hw>Carl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel,

<ets>karl</ets> a male, a man; akin to AS. <ets>ceorl</ets>, OHG.

charal, G. <ets>kerl</ets> fellow. See <er>Churl</er>.]</ety>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>carle</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A rude, rustic man; a churl.</def>



<q>The miller was a stout <qex>carl</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Large stalks of hemp which bear the seed; --

called also <altname>carl hemp</altname>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>A kind of food. See citation,

below.</def>



<q>Caring or <qex>carl</qex> are gray steeped in water and fried

the next day in butter or fat.  They are eaten on the second

Sunday before Easter, formerly called <qex>Carl</qex> Sunday.</q>

<qau>Robinson's Whitby Glossary (1875).</qau>



<hw>Car"lin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Dim., fr.

<ets>carl</ets> male.]</ety> <def>An old woman.</def>

<mark>[Scot. & Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>Car"line</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Car"o*line</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>carin</ets>;

cf. It. <ets>carlino</ets>; -- so called from <ets>Carlo</ets>

(Charles) VI. of Naples.]</ety> <def>A silver coin once current

in some parts of Italy, worth about seven cents.</def>



<au>Simmonds.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Car"line</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Car"ling</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>carlingur</ets>, Sp. Pg., & It. <ets>carlinga</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A short timber running lengthwise of a

ship, from one transverse desk beam to another; also, one of the

cross timbers that strengthen a hath; -- usually in

<pluf>pl.</pluf></def>



<hw>Car"line this`tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[F.

<ets>carline</ets>, It., Sp., & Pg., <ets>carline</ets>, Said to

be so called from the Emperor Charlemagne, whose army is reputed

to have used it as a remedy for pestilence.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A prickly plant of the genus

<spn>Carlina</spn> (<spn>C. vulgaris</spn>), found in Europe and

Asia.</def>



<hw>Car"lings</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Carl</er>, <er>3</er>.</def>



<cs><col>Carling Sunday</col>, <cd>a Sunday in Lent when carls

are eaten. In some parts of England, Passion Sunday. See

<er>Carl</er>, <er>4</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Car"list</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A parisan of

<xex>Charles X</xex>. Of France, or of Dod <xex>Carlos</xex> of

Spain.</def>



<hw>Car"lock</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>carlock</ets>, fr. Russ. <ets>Karl\'a3k'</ets>.]</ety>

<def>A sort of Russian isinglass, made from the air bladder of

the sturgeon, and used in clarifying wine.</def>



<hw>Car"lot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Carl</er>.]</ety> <def>A churl; a boor; a peasant or

countryman.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Car`lo*vin"gi*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>Carlovingen</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, founded by, of

descended from, Charlemagne; <as>as, the <ex>Carlovingian</ex>

race of kings</as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Car`ma`gnole"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A popular or Red Rebublican song

and dance, of the time of the first French Revolution.</def>



<q>They danced and yelled the <qex>carmagnole</qex>.</q>

<qau>Compton Reade.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A bombastic report from the French armies.</def>



<hw>Car"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<er>Carmen</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr></plu> <def>A man whose employment

is to drive, or to convey goods in, a car or car.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Car"mel*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Car"mel*in</hw> 

}</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the order of

Carmelites.</def>



<hw>Car"mel*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>A friar of a mendicant order (the

Order of Our Lady of Mount Carmel) established on Mount Carmel,

in Syria, in the twelfth century; a White Friar.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A nun of the Order of Our lady of Mount

Carmel.</def>



<hw>Car"mi*na`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of,

relating to, or mixed with, carmine; <as>as, <ex>carminated</ex>

lake</as>.</def>



<au>Tomlinson.</au>



<hw>Car*min"ative</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[NL.

<ets>carminativus</ets> (<?/), fr. <ets>carminare</ets> to card

hence to cleanse, fr. <ets>carmen</ets> a card for freeing wool

or flax from the coarser parts, and from extraneous matter: cf.

F. <ets>carminatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Expelling wind from the

body; warning; antispasmodic.</def> \'bd<xex>Carmenative</xex>

hot seeds.\'b8



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>Car*min"a*tive</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A substance, esp. an

aromatic, which tends to expel wind from the alimentary canal, or

to relieve colic, griping, or flatulence.</def>



<hw>Car"mine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>carmin</ets> (cf. Sp. <ets>carmin</ets>, It.

<ets>carminio</ets>), contr. from LL. <ets>carmesinus</ets>

purple color. See <er>Crimson</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

rich red or crimson color with a shade of purple.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A beautiful pigment, or a lake, of this color,

prepared from cochineal, and used in miniature painting.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The essential coloring

principle of cochineal, extracted as a purple-red amorphous mass.

It is a glucoside and possesses acid properties; -- hence called

also <altname>carminic acid</altname>.</def>



<cs><col>Carmine red</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a coloring

matter obtained from carmine as a purple-red substance, and

probably allied to the phthale\'8bns.</cd></cs>



<hw>Car*min"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to, or derived from, carmine.</def>



<cs><col>Carminic acid</col>. <cd>Same as <er>Carmine</er>,

3.</cd></cs>



<hw>Car"mot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Alchemy)</fld>

<def>The matter of which the philosopher's stone was believed to

be composed.</def>



<hw>Car"nage</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>carnage</ets>, LL. <ets>carnaticum</ets> tribute of animals,

flesh of animals, fr. L. <ets>caro</ets>, <ets>carnis</ets>,

flesh. See <er>Carnal</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Flesh of

slain animals or men.</def>



<q>A miltitude of dogs came to feast on the

<qex>carnage</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Great destruction of life, as in battle;

bloodshed; slaughter; massacre; murder; havoc.</def>



<q>The more fearful <qex>carnage</qex> of the Bloody Circuit.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Car"nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>carnalis</ets>, fr. <ets>caro</ets>, <ets>carnis</ets>,

flesh; akin to Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>kravya</ets>; cf. F.

<ets>charnel</ets>, Of. also <ets>carnel</ets>. Cf.

<er>Charnel</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the

body or is appetites; animal; fleshly; sensual; given to sensual

indulgence; lustful; human or worldly as opposed to

<xex>spiritual</xex>.</def>



<q>For ye are yet <qex>carnal</qex>.</q>

<qau>1 Car. iii. 3.</qau>



<q>Not sunk in <qex>carnal</qex> pleasure.</q>

<qau>Milton</qau>



<q><qex>rnal</qex> desires after miracles.</q>

<qau>Trench.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Flesh-devouring; cruel; ravenous; bloody.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>This <qex>carnal</qex> cur

Preys on the issue of his mother's body.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>Carnal knowledge</col>, <cd>sexual intercourse; -- used

especially of an unlawful act on the part of the man.</cd></cs>



<hw>Car"nal*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state

of being carnal; carnality; sensualism.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Car"nal*ist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

sensualist.</def>



<au>Burton.</au>



<hw>Car*nal"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>carnalitas</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state of being carnal;

fleshly lust, or the indulgence of lust; grossness of mind.</def>



<q>Because of the <qex>carnality</qex> of their hearts.</q>

<qau>Tillotson.</qau>



<hw>Car"nal*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Carnalized</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Carnalizing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make carnal; to debase

to carnality.</def>



<q>A sensual and <qex>carnalized</qex> spirit.</q>

<qau>John Scott.</qau>



<hw>Car"nal*lite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G.

<ets>carnallit</ets>, fr. Von <ets>Carnall</ets>, a

Prussian.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A hydrous chloride of

potassium and magnesium, sometimes found associated with deposits

of rock salt.</def>



<hw>Car"nal*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>According

to the flesh, to the world, or to human nature; in a manner to

gratify animal appetites and lusts; sensually.</def>



<q>For to be <qex>carnally</qex> minded is death; but to be

spiritually minded is life and peace.</q>

<qau>Rom. viii. 6.</qau>



<hw>Car"nal-mind`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Worldly-minded.</def>



<hw>Car"nal-mind"ed*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Grossness of

mind.</def>



<hw>Car"na*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>carnarium</ets>, fr. <ets>caro</ets>, <ets>carnis</ets>,

flesh.]</ety> <def>A vault or crypt in connection with a church,

used as a repository for human bones disintered from their

original burial places; a charnel house.</def>



<hw>Car*nas"si*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>carnassier</ets> carnivorous, and L. <ets>caro</ets>,

<ets>carnis</ets>, flesh.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Adapted

to eating flesh.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A carnassial

tooth; especially, the last premolar in many

carnivores.</def></def2>



<hw>Car"nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>carnatus</ets> fleshy.]</ety> <def>Invested with, or

embodied in, flesh.</def>



<hw>Car*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>carnation</ets> the flesh tints in a painting, It

<ets>carnagione</ets>, fr. L. <ets>carnatio</ets> fleshiness, fr.

<ets>caro</ets>, <ets>carnis</ets>, flesh. See

<er>Carnal</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The natural color of

flesh; rosy pink.</def>



<q>Her complexion of the delicate <qex>carnation</qex>.</q>

<qau>Ld. Lytton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>Those parts

of a picture in which the human body or any part of it is

represented in full color; the flesh tints.</def>



<q>The flesh tints in painting are termed

<qex>carnations</qex>.</q>

<qau>Fairholt.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of

<spn>Dianthus</spn> (<spn>D. Caryophyllus</spn>) or pink, having

very beautiful flowers of various colors, esp. white and usually

a rich, spicy scent.</def>



<hw>Car*na"tioned</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a

flesh color.</def>



<hw>\'d8Car*nau"ba</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The Brazilian wax palm. See <er>Wax

palm</er>.</def>



<hw>Car*nel"ian</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[For

<ets>carnelian</ets>; influenced by L. <ets>carneus</ets> fleshy,

of flesh, because of its flesh red color. See

<er>Cornellan</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of

chalcedony, of a clear, deep red, flesh red, or reddish white

color. It is moderately hard, capable of a good polish, and often

used for seals.</def>



<hw>Car"ne*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>carneus</ets>, from <ets>caro</ets>, <ets>carnis</ets>,

flesh.]</ety> <def>Consisting of, or like, flesh; carnous;

fleshy.</def> \'bd<xex>Carneous</xex> fibers.\'b8



<au>Ray.</au>



<hw>Car"ney</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. L.

<ets>carneus</ets> flesh.]</ety> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A disease

of horses, on which the mouth is so furred that the afflicted

animal can not eat.</def>



<hw>\'d8Car"ni*fex</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.

<ets>caro</ets>, <ets>carnis</ets>, flesh + <ets>facere</ets> to

make.]</ety> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <def>The public executioner at

Rome, who executed persons of the lowest rank; hence, an

executioner or hangman.</def>



<hw>Car`ni*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>carnification</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of

turning to flesh, or to a substance resembling flesh.</def>



<hw>Car"ni*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>carnificare</ets>, fr. L.<ets>o</ets>, <ets>carnis</ets>,

flesh + <ets>facere</ets> to make: cf. F.

<ets>carnifier</ets>.]</ety> <def>To form flesh; to become like

flesh.</def>



<au>Sir M. Hale.</au>



<hw>Car"nin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>caro</ets>, <ets>canis</ets> , flesh.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white crystalline nitrogenous

substance, found in extract of meat, and related to

xanthin.</def>



<hw>Car"ni*val</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.

<ets>carnevale</ets>, prob. for older <ets>carnelevale</ets>,

prop., the putting away of meat; fr. L. <ets>caro</ets>,

<ets>carnis</ets>, flesh _ <ets>levare</ets> to take away, lift

up, fr. <ets>levis</ets> light.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

festival celebrated with merriment and revelry in Roman Gatholic

countries during the week before Lent, esp. at Rome and Naples,

during a few days (three to ten) before Lent, ending with Shrove

Tuesday.</def>



<q>The <qex>carnival</qex> at Venice is everywhere talked of.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any merrymaking, feasting, or masquerading,

especially when overstepping the bounds of decorum; a time of

riotous excess.</def>



<au>Tennyson.</au>



<q>He saw the lean dogs beneath the wall

Hold o'er the dead their <qex>carnival</qex></q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Car*niv"o*ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., neut. pl. from L. <ets>carnivorus</ets>. See

<er>Carnivorous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order

of Mammallia including the lion, tiger, wolf bear, seal, etc.

They are adapted by their structure to feed upon flesh, though

some of them, as the bears, also eat vegetable food. The teeth

are large and sharp, suitable for cutting flesh, and the jaws

powerful.</def>



<hw>Car*niv`o*rac"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Greediness of appetite for flesh.</def>

<mark>[Sportive.]</mark>



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>Car`ni*vore</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>carnivore</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of

the <xex>Carnivora</xex>.</def>



<hw>Car*niv"o*rous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>carnivorus</ets>; <ets>caro</ets>, <ets>carnis</ets>, flesh

+ <ets>varare</ets> to devour.]</ety> <def>Eating or feeding on

flesh. The term is applied: <sd>(a)</sd> to animals which

naturally seek flesh for food, as the tiger, dog, etc.;

<sd>(b)</sd> to plants which are supposed to absorb animal food;

<sd>(c)</sd> to substances which destroy animal tissue, as

caustics.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Car*nose</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Car"*nous</hw> 

}</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>carnosus</ets>,

fr. <ets>caro</ets>, <ets>carnis</ets>, flesh: cf. OF.

<ets>carneux</ets>, F. <ets>charneux</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Of a pertaining to flesh; fleshy.</def>



<q>A distinct <qex>carnose</qex> muscle.</q>

<qau>Ray.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of a fleshy consistence; --

applied to succulent leaves, stems, etc.</def>



<hw>Car*nos"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>carnosit\'82</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A fleshy excrescence; esp. a

small excrescence or fungous growth.</def>



<au>Wiseman.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fleshy substance or quality; fleshy

covering.</def>



<q>[Consciences] overgrown with so hard a

<qex>carnosity</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spelman.</qau>



<q>The olives, indeed be very small there, and bigger than

capers; yet commended they are for their

<qex>carnosity</qex>.</q>

<qau>Holland.</qau>



<hw>Car"ob</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>caroube</ets> fruit of the carob tree, Sp.

<ets>garrobo</ets>, <ets>al-garrobo</ets>, carob tree, fr. Ar.

<ets>kharr\'d4b</ets>, Per. <ets>Kharn\'d4b</ets>. Cf.

<er>Clgaroba</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An

evergreen leguminous tree (<spn>Ceratania Siliqua</spn>) found in

the countries bordering the Mediterranean; the St. John's bread;

-- called also <altname>carob tree</altname>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One of the long, sweet, succulent, pods of the

carob tree, which are used as food for animals and sometimes

eaten by man; -- called also <altname>St. John's bread</altname>,

<altname>carob bean</altname>, and <altname>algaroba

bean</altname>.</def>



<hw>Ca*roche"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>carrache</ets>, F. <ets>carrose</ets> from It.

<ets>carrocio</ets>, <ets>carrozza</ets>, fr. <ets>carro</ets>,

L. <ets>carus</ets>. See <er>Car</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of

pleasure carriage; a coach.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>To mount two-wheeled <qex>caroches</qex>.</q>

<qau>Butler.</qau>



<hw>Ca*roched"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Placed in a

caroche.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Beggary rides <qex>caroched</qex>.</q>

<qau>Massenger.</qau>



<hw>Car"oigne</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Carrion</er>.]</ety> <def>Dead body; carrion.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Car"ol</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>carole</ets> a kind of dance wherein many dance together,

fr. <ets>caroler</ets> to dance; perh. from Celtic; cf. Armor.

<ets>koroll</ets>, n., <ets>korolla</ets>, <ets>korolli</ets>,

v., Ir. <ets>car</ets> music, turn, circular motion, also L.

<ets>choraula</ets> a flute player, <ets>charus</ets> a dance,

chorus, choir.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A round dance.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A song of joy, exultation, or mirth; a

lay.</def>



<q>The costly feast, the <qex>carol</qex>, and the dance.</q>

<qau>Dryden</qau>



<q>It was the <qex>carol</qex> of a bird.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A song of praise of devotion; <as>as, a

Christmas or Easter <ex>carol</ex></as>.</def>



<q>Heard a <qex>carol</qex>, mournful, holy.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<q>In the darkness sing your <qex>carol</qex> of high praise.</q>

<qau>Keble.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Joyful music, as of a song.</def>



<q>I heard the bells on Christmans Day

Their old, familiar <qex>carol</qex> play.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<hw>Car"ol</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Caroled</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>, or <er>Carolled</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Caroling</er>, or <er>Carolling</er>.]</wordforms>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To praise or celebrate in song.</def>



<q>The Shepherds at their festivals

<qex>Carol</qex> her goodness.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To sing, especially with joyful notes.</def>



<q>Hovering awans . . . <qex>carol</qex> sounds harmonious.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<hw>Car"ol</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To sing; esp. to sing

joyfully; to warble.</def>



<q>And <qex>carol</qex> of love's high praise.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<q>The gray linnets <qex>carol</qex> from the hill.</q>

<qau>Beattie.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Car"ol</hw>, <hw>Car"rol</hw>  }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[OF. <ets>carole</ets> a sort of circular space, or

carol.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A small closet or inclosure

built against a window on the inner side, to sit in for study.

The word was used as late as the 16th century.</def>



<q>A bay window may thus be called a <qex>carol</qex>.</q>

<qau>Parker.</qau>



<hw>Car"o*lin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Carolus</ets> Charles.]</ety> <def>A former gold coin of

Germany worth nearly five dollars; also, a gold coin of Sweden

worth nearly five dollars.</def>



<hw>Car`o*li"na pink`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>See <er>Pinkboot</er>.</def>



<hw>Car"o*line</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A coin. See

<er>Carline</er>.</def>



<hw>Car"ol*ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A song of

joy or devotion; a singing, as of carols.</def>



<au>Coleridge.</au>



<q>Such heavenly notes and <qex>carolings</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Car`o*lin"i*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A native

or inhabitant of north or South Carolina.</def>



<hw>Car`o*lit"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Adorned with sculptured leaves and

branches.</def>



<hw>Car"o*lus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.

<plw>Caroluses</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, L. <plw>Caroli</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L., Charles.]</ety> <def>An English

gold coin of the value of twenty or twenty-three shillings. It

was first struck in the reign of Charles I.</def>



<q>Told down the crowns and <qex>Caroluses</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macawlay.</qau>



<hw>Car"om</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. corrupted

fr. F. <ets>carumboler</ets> to carom, <ets>carambolage</ets> a

carom, <ets>carambole</ets> the red ball in billiards.]</ety>

<fld>(Billiards)</fld> <def>A shot in which the ball struck with

the cue comes in contact with two or more balls on the table; a

hitting of two or more balls with the player's ball. In England

it is called <altname>cannon</altname>.</def>



<hw>Car"om</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <fld>(Billiards)</fld> <def>To

make a carom.</def>



<hw>Car"o*mel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Caramel</er>.</def>



<hw>Car`o*teel"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>A tierce or cask for dried fruits, etc.,

usually about 700 lbs.</def>



<au>Simmonds.</au>



<hw>Ca*rot"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

stupefying. See <er>Carotid</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or

pertaining to stupor; <as>as, a <ex>carotic</ex>

state</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Carotid; <as>as, the

<ex>carotic</ex> arteries</as>.</def>



<hw>Ca*rot"id</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

pl., from <?/ heavy sleep: cf. F. <ets>carotide</ets>. The early

Greeks believed that these arteries in some way caused

drowsiness.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the two main

arteries of the neck, by which blood is conveyed from the aorta

to the head. <note>[See <xex>Illust</xex>. of

<er>Aorta</er>.]</note></def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ca*rot"id</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Ca*rot"id*al</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>Pertaining to, or near, the carotids or one of them; <as>as,

the <ex>carotid</ex> gland</as>.</def>



<hw>Ca*ro"tin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>A red crystallizable tasteless substance, extracted from the

carrot.</def>



<hw>Ca*rous"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Carouse</er>, but also cf. F. <ets>carrousel</ets>

tilt.]</ety> <def>A jovial feast or festival; a drunken revel; a

carouse.</def>



<q>The swains were preparing for a <qex>carousal</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sterne.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Banquet; revel; orgie; carouse. See

<er>Feast</er>.</syn>



<-- p. 220 -->



<hw>Ca*rouse"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>carrousse</ets>, earlier <ets>carous</ets>, fr. G.

<ets>garaus</ets> finishing stroke, the emptying of the cup in

drinking a health; <ets>gar</ets> entirely + <ets>aus</ets> out.

See <er>Yare</er>, and <er>Out</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

large draught of liguor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdA full

<xex>carouse</xex> of sack.\'b8   <au>Sir J. Davies.</au>



<q>Drink <qex>carouses</qex> to the next day's fate.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A drinking match; a carousal.</def>



<q>The early feast and late <qex>carouse</qex>.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<hw>Ca*rouse"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Caroused</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Carousing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To drink deeply or freely

in compliment; to take in a carousal; to engage in drunken

revels.</def>



<q>He had been aboard, <qex>carousing</qex> to his mates.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Ca*rouse"</hw> <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To drink up; to drain;

to drink freely or jovially.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>Guests <qex>carouse</qex> the sparkling tears of the rich

grape.</q>

<qau>Denham.</qau>



<q>Egypt's wanton queen,

<qex>Carousing</qex> gems, herself dissolved in love.</q>

<qau>Young.</qau>



<hw>Ca*rous"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

carouses; a reveler.</def>



<hw>Ca*rous"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That carouses; relating

to a carouse.</def>



<hw>Ca*rous"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In the manner of a

carouser.</def>



<hw>Carp</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Carped</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Carping</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OE. <ets>carpen</ets> to say, speak; from Scand. (cf. Icel.

<ets>karpa</ets> to boast), but influenced later by L.

<ets>carpere</ets> to pluck, calumniate.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To talk; to speak; to prattle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To find fault; to cavil; to censure words or

actions without reason or ill-naturedly; -- usually followed by

<xex>at</xex>.</def>



<q><qex>Carping</qex> and caviling at faults of manner.</q>

<qau>Blackw. Mag.</qau>



<q>And at my actions <qex>carp</qex> or catch.</q>

<qau>Herbert.</qau>



<hw>Carp</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To say; to

tell.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To find fault with; to censure.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Carp</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Carp</plw>, formerly

<plw>Carps</plw>.</plu> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>karfi</ets>, Dan.

<ets>karpe</ets>, Sw. <ets>karp</ets>, OHG. <ets>charpho</ets>,

G. <ets>karpfen</ets>, F. <ets>carpe</ets>, LL.

<ets>carpa</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fresh-water

herbivorous fish (<spn>Cyprinus carpio</spn>.). Several other

species of <spn>Cyprinus</spn>, <spn>Catla</spn>, and

<spn>Carassius</spn> are called <xex>carp</xex>. See <er>Cruclan

carp</er>.</def>



<note><hand/ The <xex>carp</xex> was originally from Asia, whence

it was early introduced into Europe, where it is extensively

reared in artificial ponds. Within a few years it has been

introduced into America, and widely distributed by the

government. Domestication has produced several varieties, as the

<xex>leather carp</xex>, which is nearly or quite destitute of

scales, and the <xex>mirror carp</xex>, which has only a few

large scales. Intermediate varieties occur.</note>



<cs><col>Carp louse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small

crustacean, of the genus <spn>Argulus</spn>, parasitic on carp

and allied fishes. See <er>Branchiura</er>.</cd> -- <col>Carp

mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a fish (<spn>Moxostoma

carpio</spn>) of the Ohio River and Great Lakes, allied to the

suckers.</cd> -- <col>Carp sucker</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,

<cd>a name given to several species of fresh-water fishes of the

genus Carpiodes in the United States; -- called also

quillback.</cd></cs>



<hw>Car"pal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Carpus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining

to the carpus, or wrist.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> One

of the bones or cartilages of the carpus; a carpale.</def></def2>



<cs><col>Carpal angle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the angle

at the last joint of the folded wing of a bird.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Car*pa"le</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Carpalia</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[NL., fr. E.

<ets>carpus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the

bones or cartilages of the carpus; esp. one of the series

articulating with the metacarpals.</def>



<hw>Car*pa"thi*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to a range of mountains in Austro-Hungary, called the

Carpathians, which partially inclose Hungary on the north, east,

and south.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Car"pel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>\'d8Car*pel"lum</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.

<ets>carpellum</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A simple pistil or single-celled ovary or seed vessel, or

one of the parts of a compound pistil, ovary, or seed vessel. See

<xex>Illust</xex> of <er>Carpaphore</er>.</def>



<hw>Car"pel*la"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Belonging to, forming, or containing

carpels.</def>



<hw>Car"pen*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>carpentier</ets>, F. <ets>charpentier</ets>, LL.

<ets>carpentarius</ets>, fr. L. <ets>carpentum</ets> wagon,

carriage.]</ety> <def>An artificer who works in timber; a framer

and builder of houses, ships, etc.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Carpenter</er>, <er>Joiner</er>.</syn> <usage>

The <xex>carpenter</xex> frames and puts together roofs,

partitions, floors, and other structural parts of a building. The

<xex>joiner</xex> Supplies stairs, doors shutters, mantelpieces,

cupboards, and other parts necessary to finishing the building.

In America the two trades are commonly united.</usage>



<cs><col>Carpenter ant</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any

species of ant which gnaws galleries in the wood of trees and

constructs its nests therein. They usually select dead or

somewhat decayed wood. The common large American species is

<spn>Formica Pennsylvanica</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Carpenter

bee</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large hymenopterous insect

of the genus <spn>Xylocopa</spn>; -- so called because it

constructs its nest by gnawing long galleries in sound timber.

The common American species is <spn>Xylocopa

Virginica</spn>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Car"pen*ter*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The occupation or

work of a carpenter; the act of workingin timber;

carpentry.</def>



<hw>Car"pen*try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>charpenterie</ets>, OF. also <ets>carpenterie</ets>. See

<er>Carpenter</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The art of cutting, framing, and joining timber,

as in the construction of buildings.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An assemblage of pieces of timber connected by

being framed together, as the pieces of a roof, floor, etc.; work

done by a carpenter.</def>



<hw>Carp"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who carps;

a caviler.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Car"pet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>carpite</ets> rug, soft of cloth, F. <ets>carpette</ets>

coarse packing cloth, rug (cf. It. <ets>carpita</ets> rug,

blanket), LL. <ets>carpeta</ets>, <ets>carpita</ets>, woolly

cloths, fr. L. <ets>carpere</ets> to pluck, to card (wool); cf.

Gr. <?/ fruit, E. <er>Harvest</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

heavy woven or felted fabric, usually of wool, but also of

cotton, hemp, straw, etc.; esp. a floor covering made in breadths

to be sewed together and nailed to the floor, as distinguished

from a rug or mat; originally, also, a wrought cover for

tables.</def>



<q>Tables and beds covered with copes instead of

<qex>carpets</qex> and coverlets.</q>

<qau>T. Fuller.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A smooth soft covering resembling or suggesting

a carpet.</def> \'bdThe grassy <xex>carpet</xex> of this

plain.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<cs><mcol><col>Carpet beetle</col> or <col>Carpet

bug</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small beetle

(<spn>Anthrenus scrophulari\'91</spn>), which, in the larval

state, does great damage to carpets and other woolen goods; --

also called <altname>buffalo bug</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Carpet

knight</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A knight who enjoys ease and

security, or luxury, and has not known the hardships of the

field; a hero of the drawing room; an effeminate person.</cd>

<au>Shak</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>One made a knight, for some other

than military distinction or service.</cd> -- <col>Carpet

moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of an insect

which feeds on carpets and other woolen goods. There are several

kinds. Some are the larv\'91 of species of <spn>Tinea</spn> (as

<spn>T. tapetzella</spn>); others of beetles, esp.

<spn>Anthrenus</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Carpet snake</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an Australian snake. See <cref>Diamond

snake</cref>, under <er>Diamond</er>.</cd> -- <col>Carpet

sweeper</col>, <cd>an apparatus or device for sweeping

carpets.</cd> -- <col>To be on the carpet</col>, <cd>to be under

consideration; to be the subject of deliberation; to be in sight;

-- an expression derived from the use of carpets as table

cover.</cd> -- <col>Brussels carpet</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Brussels</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Car"pet</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Carpeted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Carpeting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cover with, or as with,

a carpet; to spread with carpets; to furnish with a carpet or

carpets.</def>



<q><qex>Carpeted</qex> temples in fashionable squares.</q>

<qau>E. Everett.</qau>



<hw>Car"pet*bag`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A portable

bag for travelers; -- so called because originally made of

carpet.</def>



<hw>Car"pet*bag"ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

adventurer; -- a term of contempt for a Northern man seeking

private gain or political advancement in the southern part of the

United States after the Civil War (1865)<-- used now for any

politician moving to a new location to take advantage of more

favorable chances for election-->.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>



<hw>Car"pet*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>1. The act of covering

with carpets.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Cloth or materials for carpets; carpets, in

general.</def>



<q>The floor was covered with rich <qex>carpeting</qex>.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<hw>Car"pet*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without a carpet.</def>



<hw>Car"pet*mon`ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who deals in carpets; a buyer and seller of

carpets.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One fond of pleasure; a gallant.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Car"pet*way`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Agric.)</fld> <def>A border of greensward left round the

margin of a plowed field.</def>



<au>Ray.</au>



<hw>Car*phol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

any small dry body + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>carphologie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>See

<er>Flaccillation</er>.</def>



<hw>Carp"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Fault-finding;

censorious caviling. See <er>Captious</er>.</def>



-- <wordforms><wf>Carp"ing*ly</wf>, <pos>adv</pos>.</wordforms>



<hw>\'d8Car`pin*te"ro</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.,

a carpenter, a woodpecker.]</ety> <def>A california woodpecker

(<spn>Melanerpes formicivorus)</spn>, noted for its habit of

inserting acorns in holes which it drills in trees. The acorns

become infested by insect larv\'91, which, when grown, are

extracted for food by the bird.</def>



<hw>Car`po*gen"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

fruit + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Productive

of fruit, or causing fruit to be developed.</def>



<hw>Car"po*lite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

fruit + <ets>-lite</ets>, cf. F. <ets>carpolithe</ets>.]</ety>

<def>A general term for a fossil fruit, nut, or seed.</def>



<hw>Car`po*log"i*cal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to carpology.</def>



<hw>Car*pol"o*gist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

describes fruits; one versed in carpology.</def>



<hw>Car*pol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

fruit + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>That branch of botany which

relates to the structure of seeds and fruit.</def>



<hw>Car*poph"a*gous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ fruit + <?/ to eat.]</ety> <def>Living on fruits;

fruit-consuming.</def>



<hw>Car"po*phore</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

fruit + <?/ to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A slender

prolongation of the receptacle as an axis between the carpels, as

in Geranium and many umbelliferous plants.</def>



<hw>Car"po*phyll</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

fruit + <?/ leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A leaf converted

into a fruit or a constituent portion of a fruit; a carpel.

<note>[See <xex>Illust</xex>. of

<er>Gymnospermous</er>.]</note></def>



<hw>Car"po*phyte</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

fruit + <?/ plant.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A flowerless

plant which forms a true fruit as the result of fertilization, as

the red seaweeds, the <spn>Ascomycetes</spn>, etc.</def>



<note><hand/ The division of alge and fungi into four classes

called Carpophytes, O\'94phytes, Protophytes, and Zygophytes (or

<spn>Carpospore\'91</spn>, <spn>O\'94spore\'91</spn>,

<spn>Protophyta</spn>, and <spn>Zygospore\'91</spn>) was proposed

by Sachs about 1875.</note>



<hw>Car"po*spore</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ +

<ets>-spore</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of spore

formed in the conceptacles of red alg\'91.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Car`po*spor"ic</wf> <pr>(<?/)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>\'d8Car"pus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Carpi</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/

wrist.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The wrist; the bones or

cartilages between the forearm, or antibrachium, and the hand or

forefoot; in man, consisting of eight short bones disposed in two

rows.</def>



<hw>Car"rack</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Carack</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Car"ra*geen`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Car"ri*geen`</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A small, purplish,

branching, cartilaginous seaweed (<spn>Chondrus crispus</spn>),

which, when bleached, is the <altname>Irish moss</altname> of

commerce.</def> <altsp>[Also written <asp>carragheen</asp>,

<asp>carageen</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>\'d8Car*ran"cha</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Native

name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Brazilian kite

(<spn>Polyborus Brasiliensis</spn>); -- so called in imitation of

its notes.</def>



<hw>Car"ra*way</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Caraway</er>.</def>



<hw>Car"rel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Quarrel</er>, an arrow.</def>



<hw>Car"rel</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Same as

4th <er>Carol</er>.</def>



<hw>Car"ri*a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of

being carried.</def>



<hw>Car"riage</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>cariage</ets> luggage, carriage, <ets>chariage</ets>

carriage, cart, baggage, F. <ets>charriage</ets>, cartage,

wagoning, fr. OF. <ets>carier</ets>, <ets>charier</ets>, F.

<ets>charrier</ets>, to cart. See <er>Carry</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>That which is carried; burden; baggage.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>David left his <qex>carriage</qex> in the hand of the keeper

of the <qex>carriage</qex>.</q>

<qau>1. Sam. xvii. 22.</qau>



<q>And after those days we took up our <qex>carriages</qex> and

went up to Jerusalem.</q>

<qau>Acts. xxi. 15.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of carrying, transporting, or

conveying.</def>



<q>Nine days employed in <qex>carriage</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chapman.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The price or expense of carrying.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>That which carries of conveys, as: <sd>(a)</sd>

A wheeled vehicle for persons, esp. one designed for elegance and

comfort. <sd>(b)</sd> A wheeled vehicle carrying a fixed burden,

as a gun <xex>carriage</xex>. <sd>(c)</sd> A part of a machine

which moves and carries of supports some other moving object or

part. <sd>(d)</sd> A frame or cage in which something is carried

or supported; <as>as, a bell <ex>carriage</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The manner of carrying one's self; behavior;

bearing; deportment; personal manners.</def>



<q>His gallant <qex>carriage</qex> all the rest did grace.</q>

<qau>Stirling.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>The act or manner of conducting measures or

projects; management.</def>



<q>The passage and whole <qex>carriage</qex> of this action.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>Carriage horse</col>, <cd>a horse kept for drawing a

carriage.</cd> -- <col>Carriage porch</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>,

<cd>a canopy or roofed pavilion covering the driveway at the

entrance to any building. It is intended as a shelter for those

who alight from vehicles at the door; -- sometimes erroneously

called in the United States <xex>porte-coch\'8are<xex>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Car"riage*a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Passable by carriages; that can be conveyed in

carriages.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Ruskin.</au>



<hw>Car"ri*boo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Caribou</er>.</def>



<hw>Car"rick</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<def>A carack. See <er>Carack</er>.</def>



<cs><col>Carrick bend</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of

knot, used for bending together hawsers or other ropes.</cd> --

<col>Carrick bitts</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the bitts which

support the windlass.</cd></cs>



<au>Totten.</au>



<hw>Car"ri*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Carry</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who, or that which,

carries or conveys; a messenger.</def>



<q>The air which is but . . . a <qex>carrier</qex> of the

sounds.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who is employed, or makes it his business,

to carry goods for others for hire; a porter; a teamster.</def>



<q>The roads are crowded with <qex>carriers</qex>, laden with

rich manufactures.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>That which drives or carries;

as: <sd>(a)</sd> A piece which communicates to an object in a

lathe the motion of the face plate; a lathe dog. <sd>(b)</sd> A

spool holder or bobbin holder in a braiding machine. (c) A

movable piece in magazine guns which transfers the cartridge to a

position from which it can be thrust into the barrel.</def>



<cs><col>Carrier pigeon</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a

variety of the domestic pigeon used to convey letters from a

distant point to to its home.</cd> -- <col>Carrier shell</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a univalve shell of the genus

<spn>Phorus</spn>; -- so called because it fastens bits of stones

and broken shells to its own shell, to such an extent as almost

to conceal it.</cd> -- <col>Common carrier</col>

<fld>(Law.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Common</er>,

<pos>a.</pos></cd></cs>



<hw>Car"ri*on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>caroyne</ets>, OF. <ets>caroigne</ets>, F.

<ets>charogne</ets>, LL. <ets>caronia</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>caro</ets> flesh Cf. <er>Crone</er>, <er>Crony</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The dead and putrefying body or flesh of an

animal; flesh so corrupted as to be unfit for food.</def>



<q>They did eat the dead <qex>carrions</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A contemptible or worthless person; -- a term of

reproach.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdOld feeble

<xex>carrions</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Car"ri*on</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to dead

and putrefying carcasses; feeding on carrion.</def>



<q>A prey for <qex>carrion</qex> kites.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>Carrion beetle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any

beetle that feeds habitually on dead animals; -- also called

<altname>sexton beetle</altname> and <altname>burying

beetle</altname>.  There are many kinds, belonging mostly to the

family <spn>Silphid\'91</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Carrion buzzard</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a South American bird of several

species and genera (as <spn>Ibycter</spn>, <spn>Milvago</spn>,

and <spn>Polyborus</spn>), which act as scavengers. See

<er>Caracara</er>.</cd> -- <col>Carrion crow</col>, <cd>the

common European crow (<spn>Corvus corone</spn>) which feeds on

carrion, insects, fruits, and seeds.</cd></cs>



<hw>Car"rol</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>

<def>See 4th <er>Carol</er>.</def>



<hw>Car"rom</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Billiards)</fld> <def>See <er>Carom</er>.</def>



<hw>Car`ron*ade</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<ets>Carron</ets>, in Scotland where it was first made.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A kind of short cannon, formerly in use,

designed to throw a large projectile with small velocity, used

for the purpose of breaking or smashing in, rather than piercing,

the object aimed at, as the side of a ship. It has no trunnions,

but is supported on its carriage by a bolt passing through a loop

on its under side.</def>



<-- p. 221 -->



<hw>Car"ron oil</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A lotion of linseed oil

and lime water, used as an application to burns and scalds; --

first used at the Carron iron works in Scotland.</def>



<hw>Car"rot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>carotte</ets>, fr. L. <ets>carota</ets>; cf. Gr. <?/]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An umbelliferous biennial

plant (<spn>Daucus Carota</spn>), of many varieties.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The esculent root of cultivated varieties of the

plant, usually spindle-shaped, and of a reddish yellow

color.</def>



<hw>Car"rot*y</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a carrot in color or

in taste; -- an epithet given to reddish yellow hair, etc.</def>



<hw>Car"row</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ir & Gael.

<ets>carach</ets> cunning.]</ety> <def>A strolling

gamester.</def> <mark>[Ireland]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Car"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Carried</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Carrying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>carier</ets>,

<ets>charier</ets>, F. <ets>carrier</ets>, to cart, from OF.

<ets>car</ets>, <ets>char</ets>, F. <ets>car</ets>, car. See

<er>Car</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To convey or transport in

any manner from one place to another; to bear; -- often with

<xex>away</xex> or <xex>off</xex>.</def>



<q>When he dieth he small <qex>carry</qex> nothing away.</q>

<qau>Ps. xiix. 17.</qau>



<q>Devout men <qex>carried</qex> Stephen to his burial.</q>

<qau>Acts viii, 2.</qau>



<q>Another <qex>carried</qex> the intelligence to Russell.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<q>The sound will be <qex>carried</qex>, at the least, twenty

miles.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To have or hold as a burden, while moving from

place to place; to have upon or about one's person; to bear;

<as>as, to <ex>carry</ex> a wound; to <ex>carry</ex> an unborn

child.</as></def>



<q>If the ideas . . . were <qex>carried</qex> along with us in

our minds.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To move; to convey by force; to impel; to

conduct; to lead or guide.</def>



<q>Go, <qex>carry</qex> Sir John Falstaff to the Fleet.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>He <qex>carried</qex> away all his cattle.</q>

<qau>Gen. xxxi. 18.</qau>



<q>Passion and revenge will <qex>carry</qex> them too far.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To transfer from one place (as a country, book,

or column) to another; <as>as, to <ex>carry</ex> the war from

Greece into Asia; to <ex>carry</ex> an account to the ledger; to

<ex>carry</ex> a number in adding figures.</as></def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To convey by extension or continuance; to

extend; <as>as, to <ex>carry</ex> the chimney through the roof;

to <ex>carry</ex> a road ten miles farther.</as></def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To bear or uphold successfully through conflict,

as a leader or principle; hence, to succeed in, as in a contest;

to bring to a successful issue; to win; <as>as, to <ex>carry</ex>

an election.</def> \'bdThe greater part <ex>carries</ex>

it</as>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>The <qex>carrying</qex> of our main point.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>To get possession of by force; to capture.</def>



<q>The town would have been <qex>carried</qex> in the end.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>To contain; to comprise; to bear the aspect of ;

to show or exhibit; to imply.</def>



<q>He thought it <qex>carried</qex> something of argument in

it.</q>

<qau>Watts.</qau>



<q>It <qex>carries</qex> too great an imputation of

ignorance.</q>

<qau>Lacke.</qau>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>To bear (one's self); to behave, to conduct or

demean; -- with the refexive pronouns.</def>



<q>He <qex>carried</qex> himself so insolently in the house, and

out of the house, to all persons, that he became odious.</q>

<qau>Clarendon.</qau>



<sn>10.</sn> <def>To bear the charges or burden of holding or

having, as stocks, merchandise, etc., from one time to another;

<as>as, a merchant is <ex>carrying</ex> a large stock; a farm

<ex>carries</ex> a mortgage; a broker <ex>carries</ex> stock for

a customer; to <ex>carry</ex> a life insurance.</as></def>



<cs><col>Carry arms</col> <fld>(Mil. Drill)</fld>, <cd>a command

of the Manual of Arms directing the soldier to hold his piece in

the right hand, the barrel resting against the hollow of the

shoulder in a nearly perpendicular position. In this position the

soldier is said to stand, and the musket to be held, <xex>at

carry<xex>.</cd> -- <col>To carry all before one</col>, <cd>to

overcome all obstacles; to have uninterrupted success.</cd> --

<col>To carry arms</col> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To bear weapons.</cd>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To serve as a soldier.</cd> -- <col>To carry

away</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>to break off; to

lose; as, <xex>to carry away<xex> a fore-topmast.</cd>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To take possession of the mind; to charm; to

delude; as, <xex>to be carried<xex> by music, or by

temptation.</cd> -- <col>To carry coals</col>, <cd>to bear

indignities tamely, a phrase used by early dramatists, perhaps

from the mean nature of the occupation.</cd> <au>Halliwell</au>.

-- <col>To carry coals to Newcastle</col>, <cd>to take things to

a place where they already abound; to lose one's labor.</cd> --

<col>To carry off</col> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To remove to a

distance.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To bear away as from the power or

grasp of others.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To remove from life;

<as>as, the plague <ex>carried off<ex> thousands</as>.</cd> --

<col>To carry on</col> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To carry farther; to

advance, or help forward; to continue; <as>as, <ex>to carry

on<ex> a design</as>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To manage, conduct,

or prosecute; <as>as, <ex>to carry on<ex> husbandry or

trade</as>.</cd> -- <col>To carry out</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To

bear from within.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To put into execution; to

bring to a successful issue.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To sustain to

the end; to continue to the end.</cd> -- <col>To carry

through</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To convey through the midst

of.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To support to the end; to sustain, or

keep from falling, or being subdued.</cd> \'bdGrace will

<xex>carry<xex> us . . . <xex>through<xex> all difficulties.\'b8

<au>Hammond</au>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To complete; to bring to a

succesful issue; to succeed.</cd> -- <col>To carry up<col>,

<cd>to convey or extend in an upward course or direction; to

build.</cd> -- <col>To carry weight</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To be

handicapped; to have an extra burden, as when one rides or

runs.</cd> \'bdHe <xex>carries weight<xex>, he rides a race\'b8

<au>Cowper</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To have influence.</cd></cs>



<hw>Car"ry</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To act as a

bearer; to convey anything; <as>as, to fetch and

<ex>carry</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To have propulsive power; to propel; <as>as, a

gun or mortar <ex>carries</ex> well</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To hold the head; -- said of a horse; <as>as, to

<ex>carry</ex> well i</as>. e., to hold the head high, with

arching neck.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Hunting)</fld> <def>To have earth or frost

stick to the feet when running, as a hare.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<cs><col>To carry on</col>, <cd>to behave in a wild, rude, or

romping manner.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cs>



<hw>Car"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Carries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <def>A tract of land, over

which boats or goods are carried between two bodies of navigable

water; a carrying place; a portage.</def>

<ety>[<ets>U.S</ets>.]</ety> 



<hw>Car"ry*all`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Corrupted

fr. <ets>cariole</ets>.]</ety> <def>A light covered carriage,

having four wheels and seats for four or more persons, usually

drawn by one horse.</def>



<hw>Car"ry*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act or business of

transporting from one place to another.</def>



<cs><col>Carrying place</col>, <cd>a carry; a portage.</cd> --

<col>Carrying trade</col>, <cd>the business of transporting

goods, etc., from one place or country to another by water or

land; freighting.</cd></cs>



<q>We are rivals with them in . . . the <qex>carrying

trade</qex>.</q>

<qau>Jay.</qau>



<hw>Car"ryk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A carack.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Car"ry*tale`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

talebearer.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Carse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Of Celtic

origin; cf. W. <ets>cars</ets> bog, fen. <ets>carsen</ets> reed,

Armor. <ets>kars</ets>, <ets>korsen</ets>, bog plant,

reed.]</ety> <def>Low, fertile land; a river valley.</def>

<mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<au>Jomieson.</au>



<hw>Cart</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>cr\'91t</ets>; cf. W. <ets>cart</ets>, Ir. & Gael.

<ets>cairt</ets>, or Icel. <ets>kartr</ets>. Cf.

<er>Car</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A common name for various

kinds of vehicles, as a Scythian dwelling on wheels, or a

chariot.</def> \'bdPh\'d2bus' <xex>cart</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A two-wheeled vehicle for the ordinary purposes

of husbandry, or for transporting bulky and heavy articles.</def>



<q>Packing all his goods in one poor <qex>cart</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A light business wagon used by bakers,

grocerymen, butchers, atc.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>An open two-wheeled pleasure carriage.</def>



<cs><col>Cart horse</col>, <cd>a horse which draws a cart; a

horse bred or used for drawing heavy loads.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Cart load</col>, <or/ <col>Cartload</col></mcol>,

<cd>as much as will fill or load a cart. In excavating and

carting sand, gravel, earth, etc., one third of a cubic yard of

the material before it is loosened is estimated to be a cart

load.</cd> -- <col>Cart rope</col>, <cd>a stout rope for

fastening a load on a cart; any strong rope.</cd> --

<mcol><col>To put</col> (<or/ <col>get</col> <or/ <col>set</col>)

<col>the cart before the horse</col></mcol>, <cd>to invert the

order of related facts or ideas, as by putting an effect for a

cause.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cart</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Carted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Carting</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To carry or

convey in a cart.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To expose in a cart by way of punishment.</def>



<q>She chuckled when a bawd was <qex>carted</qex>.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<hw>Cart</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To carry burdens in a cart;

to follow the business of a carter.</def>



<hw>Cart"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of carrying in a cart.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The price paid for carting.</def>



<hw>Cart"bote`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cart</ets> + <ets>bote</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Old Eng.

Law.)</fld> <def>Wood to which a tenant is entitled for making

and repairing carts and other instruments of husbandry.</def>



<hw>\'d8Carte</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See 1st

<er>Card</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Bill of fare.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Short for <er>Carte de visite</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Carte</hw>. <hw>\'d8Quarte</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw>

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>quarte</ets>, prop., a fourth. Cf.

<er>Quart</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Fencing)</fld> <def>A position in

thrusting or parrying, with the inside of the hand turned upward

and the point of the weapon toward the adversary's right

breast.</def>



<hw>\'d8Carte` blanche"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[F., fr. OF.

<ets>carte</ets> paper + <ets>-blanc</ets>, <ets>blanche</ets>,

white. See 1st <er>Card</er>.]</ety> <def>A blank paper, with a

person's signature, etc., at the bottom, given to another person,

with permission to superscribe what conditions he pleases. Hence:

Unconditional terms; unlimited authority.</def>



<hw>\'d8Carte" de vi*site`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <plu>pl.

<plw>Cartes de visite</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></plu>. <ety>[F.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A visiting card.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A photographic picture of the size formerly in

use for a visiting card.</def>



<hw>Car*tel"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. LL.

<ets>cartellus</ets> a little paper, dim. fr. L.

<ets>charta</ets>. See 1st <er>Card</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>An agreement between

belligerents for the exchange of prisoners.</def>



<au>Wilhelm.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A letter of defiance or challenge; a challenge

to single combat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>He is cowed at the very idea of a <qex>cartel</qex>.,</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<-- 3. a formal or informal arrangement (sometimes unlawful)

among independent commercial enterprises organized for the

purpose of common gain, as by limiting competition or fixing

prices -->



<cs><mcol><col>Cartel</col>, or <col>Cartel ship</col></mcol>,

<cd>a ship employed in the exchange of prisoners, or in carrying

propositions to an enemy; a ship beating a flag of truce and

privileged from capture.</cd></cs>



<hw>Car"tel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To defy or

challenge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>You shall <qex>cartel</qex> him.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<hw>Cart"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

charioteer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A man who drives a cart; a teamster.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any species

of <spn>Phalangium</spn>; -- also called

<altname>harvestman</altname></def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A British

fish; the whiff.</def>



<hw>Car*te"sian</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

Renatus <ets>Cartesius</ets>, Latinized from of Ren\'82

<ets>Descartes</ets>: cf. F. <ets>cart\'82sien</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Of or pertaining to the French philosopher Ren\'82

Descartes, or his philosophy.</def>



<q>The <qex>Cartesion</qex> argument for reality of matter.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>



<cs><col>Cartesian co\'94rdinates</col> <fld>(Geom)</fld>,

<cd>distance of a point from lines or planes; -- used in a system

of representing geometric quantities, invented by Descartes.</cd>

-- <col>Cartesian devil</col>, <cd>a small hollow glass figure,

used in connection with a jar of water having an elastic top, to

illustrate the effect of the compression or expansion of air in

changing the specific gravity of bodies.</cd> -- <col>Cartesion

oval</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>a curve such that, for any

point of the curve <mathex>mr + m\'b7r\'b7 = c</mathex>, where

<xex>r<xex> and <xex>r\'b7<xex> are the distances of the point

from the two foci and <xex>m<xex>, <xex>m\'b7<xex> and

<xex>c<xex> are constant; -- used by Descartes.</cd></cs>



<hw>Car*te"sian</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An adherent of

Descartes.</def>



<hw>Car*te"sian*ism</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The philosophy of

Descartes.</def>



<hw>Car`tha*gin"i*an</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of a pertaining to

ancient Carthage, a city of northern Africa.</def> --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A native or inhabitant of

Carthage.</def></def2>



<hw>Car"tha*min</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A red coloring matter obtained from the

safflower, or <xex>Carthamus tinctorius</xex>.</def>



<hw>Car*thu"sian</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>Cartusianus</ets>, <ets>Cartusiensis</ets>, from the town of

<ets>Chartreuse</ets>, in France.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld>

<def>A member of an exceeding austere religious order, founded at

Chartreuse in France by St. Bruno, in the year 1086.</def>



<hw>Car*thu"sian</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to the

Carthusian.</def>



<hw>Car"ti*lage</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cartilago</ets>; cf. F. <ets>cartilage</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A translucent, elastic tissue;

gristle.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Cartilage</xex> contains no vessels, and

consists of a homogeneous, intercellular matrix, in which there

are numerous minute cavities, or capsules, containing

protoplasmic cells, the cartilage corpuscul. See

<xex>Illust</xex> under <er>Duplication</er>.</note>



<cs><col>Articular cartilage</col>, <cd>cartilage that lines the

joints.</cd> -- <col>Cartilage bone</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>,

<cd>any bone formed by the ossification of cartilage.</cd> --

<col>Costal cartilage</col>, <cd>cartilage joining a rib with he

sternum. See <xex>Illust<xex>. of <er>Thorax</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Car`ti*la*gin"e*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cartilageneus</ets>.]</ety> <def>See

<er>Cartilaginous</er>.</def>



<au>Ray.</au>



<hw>Car"ti*la*gin`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>cartilago</ets>, <ets>-laginis</ets>, cartilage +

<ets>facere</ets> to make.]</ety> <def>The act or process of

forming cartilage.</def>



<au>Wright.</au>



<hw>Car`ti*lag"i*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cartilaginosus</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>cartilagineux</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or

pertaining to cartilage; gristly; firm and tough like

cartilage.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the skeleton in the

state of cartilage, the bones containing little or no calcareous

matter; said of certain fishes, as the sturgeon and the

sharks.</def>



<hw>Cart"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<er>Cartmen</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>One who drives or

uses a cart; a teamster; a carter.</def>



<hw>Car*tog"ra*pher</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

make charts or maps.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Car`to*graph"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Car`to*graph"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Of or pertaining to cartography.</def>



<hw>Car`to*graph"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>By

cartography.</def>



<hw>Car*tog"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>cartographie</ets>. See <er>Card</er>, and

<er>-graphy</er>.]</ety> <def>The act business of forming chart's

or maps.</def>



<hw>Car"to*man`cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>cartomancie</ets>. See <er>Card</er>, and

<er>-mancy</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of telling fortunes with

cards.</def>



<hw>Car"ton</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See

<er>Cartoon</er>.]</ety> <def>Pasteboard for paper boxes; also, a

pasteboard box.</def>



<cs><col>\'d8Carton pierre</col> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <cd>a species of

<xex>papier-mach\'82<xex>, imitating stone or bronze

sculpture.</cd>



<au>Knight.</au>

</cs>



<hw>Car*toon"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>carton</ets> (cf. It. <ets>cartons</ets> pasteboard,

cartoon.); fr. L. <ets>charta</ets>. See 1st

<er>card</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A design or study drawn of the full size, to

serve as a model for transferring or copying; -- used in the

making of mosaics, tapestries, fresco pantings and the like;

<as>as, the <ex>cartoons</ex> of Raphael</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A large pictorial sketch, as in a journal or

magazine; esp. a pictorial caricature; as , the

<xex>cartoons</xex> of \'bdPuck.\'b8</def>



<hw>Car"toon"ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One skilled in drawing

cartoons.</def>



<hw>Car*touch"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.</plu>

<plw>Cartouches</plw> <pr>(#)</pr> <ety>[F. <ets>cartouche</ets>,

It. <ets>cartuccia</ets>, <ets>cartoccio</ets>, cornet, cartouch,

fr. L. <ets>charta</ets> paper. See 1st <er>Card</er>, and cf.

<er>Cartridge</er>.]</ety> 



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A roll or case of

paper, etc., holding a charge for a firearm; a cartridge</def>.

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A cartridge box</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A

wooden case filled with balls, to be shot from a cannon.</def>

<sd>(d)</sd> <def>A gunner's bag for ammunition</def>.

<sd>(e)</sd> <def>A military pass for a soldier on

furlough.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A cantalever,

console, corbel, or modillion, which has the form of a scroll of

paper</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A tablet for ornament, or for

receiving an inscription, formed like a sheet of paper with the

edges rolled up; hence, any tablet of ornamental form.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Egyptian Antiq.)</fld> <def>An oval figure on

monuments, and in papyri, containing the name of a

sovereign.</def>



<hw>Car"tridge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Formerlly

<ets>cartrage</ets>, corrupted fr. F. <ets>cartouche</ets>. See

<er>Cartouch</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A complete

charge for a firearm, contained in, or held together by, a case,

capsule, or shell of metal, pasteboard, or other material.</def>



<cs><col>Ball cartridge</col>, <cd>a cartridge containing a

projectile. -- <xex>Blank cartrige<xex>, a cartridge without a

projectile,</cd> -- <col>Center-fire cartridge</col>, <cd>a

cartridge in which the fulminate occupies an axial position

usually in the center of the base of the capsule, instead of

being contained in its rim. In the Prussian needle gun the

fulminate is applied to the middle of the base of the bullet. 

<xex>Rim-fire cartridge<xex>, a cartridge in which the fulminate

is contained in a rim surrounding its base.</cd> --

<col>Cartridge bag</col>, <cd>a bag of woolen cloth, to hold a

charge for a cannon.</cd> -- <col>Cartridge belt</col>, <cd>a

belt having pocket for cartridges.</cd> -- <col>Cartridge

box</col>, <cd>a case, usually of leather, attached to a belt or

strap, for holding cartridges.</cd> -- <col>Cartridge

paper</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> A thick stout paper for inclosing

cartridges. <sd>(b)</sd> A rough tinted paper used for covering

walls, and also for making drawings upon.</cd></cs>



<hw>Car"tu*la*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Cartularies</plw>.</plu> <ety>[LL. <ets>cartularium</ets>,

<ets>chartularium</ets>, fr. L. <ets>charta</ets> paper: cf. F.

<ets>cartulaire</ets>. See 1st <er>Card</er>.]</ety> 



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A register, or record, as of a monastery or

church.</def>

<def>

<sn>2.</sn> <def>An ecclesiastical officer who had charge of

records or other public papers.</def>



<hw>Cart"way`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A way or road

for carts.</def>



<hw>Cart"wright`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cart</ets> + <ets>wright</ets>.]</ety> <def>An

artificer who makes carts; a cart maker.</def>



<hw>Car"u*cage</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>carrucagium</ets> (OF. <ets>charuage</ets>.), fr. LL.

<ets>carruca</ets> plow, fr. L. <ets>carruca</ets> coach.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Old Eng. Law.)</fld> <def>A tax on every plow

or plowland.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of plowing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Car"u*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>carucata</ets>, <ets>carrucata</ets>. See

<er>Carucage</er>.]</ety> <def>A plowland; as much land as one

team can plow in a year and a day; -- by some said to be about

100 acres.</def>



<au>Burrill.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Car"un*cle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>\'d8Ca*run"cu*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>caruncula</ets> a little piece of flesh, dim. of

<ets>caro</ets> flesh.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>A small fleshy prominence or excrescence; especially the

small, reddish body, the <xex>caruncula lacrymalis</xex>, in the

inner angle of the eye.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An excrescence or appendage

surrounding or near the hilum of a seed.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A naked, flesh appendage,

on the head of a bird, as the wattles of a turkey, etc.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ca*run"cu*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Ca*run"cu*lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Of, pertaining to, or like, a caruncle; furnished with

caruncles.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ca*run"cu*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Ca*run"cu*la`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Having a caruncle or caruncles; caruncular.</def>



<-- p. 222 -->



<hw>\'d8Ca"rus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.

Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Coma with complete

insensibility; deep lethargy.</def>



<hw>Car"va*crol</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A thick oily liquid,

<chform>C10H13.OH</chform>, of a strong taste and disagreeable

odor, obtained from oil of caraway (<spn>Carum

carui</spn>).</def>



<hw>Carve</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Carved</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Carving</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[AS. <ets>ceorfan</ets> to cut, carve; akin to D.

<ets>kerven</ets>, G. <ets>kerben</ets>, Dan. <ets>karve</ets>,

Sw. <ets>karfva</ets>, and to Gr. <?/ to write, orig. to scatch,

and E. <ets>-graphy</ets>. Cf. <er>Graphic</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To cut.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Or they will <qex>carven</qex> the shepherd's throat.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cut, as wood, stone, or other material, in an

artistic or decorative manner; to sculpture; to engrave.</def>



<q><qex>Carved</qex> with figures strange and sweet.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To make or shape by cutting, sculpturing, or

engraving; to form; <as>as, to <ex>carve</ex> a name on a

tree</as>.</def>



<q>An angel <qex>carved</qex> in stone.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<q>We <qex>carved</qex> not a line, and we raised not a

stone.</q>

<qau>C. Wolfe.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To cut into small pieces or slices, as meat at

table; to divide for distribution or apportionment; to

apportion.</def> \'bdTo <xex>carve</xex> a capon.\'b8

<-- = carve up -->

<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To cut: to hew; to mark as if by cutting.</def>



<q>My good blade <qex>carved</qex> the casques of men.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<q>A million wrinkles <qex>carved</qex> his skin.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To take or make, as by cutting; to

provide.</def>



<q>Who could easily have <qex>carved</qex> themselves their own

food.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>To lay out; to contrive; to design; to

plan.</def>



<q>Lie ten nights awake <qex>carving</qex> the fashion of a new

doublet.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>To carve out</col>, <cd>to make or get by cutting, or as

if by cutting; to cut out.</cd>  \'bd[Macbeth] with his

brandished steel . . . <xex>carved out<xex> his passage.\'b8</cs>



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>Fortunes were <qex>carved out</qex> of the property of the

crown.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Carve</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To exercise the

trade of a sculptor or carver; to engrave or cut figures.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cut up meat; <as>as, to <ex>carve</ex> for

all the guests</as>.</def>



<hw>Carve</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A carucate.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Burrill.</au>



<hw>Car"vel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Contr. fr.

<ets>caravel</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Same as

<er>Caravel</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A species of jellyfish; sea blubber.</def>



<au>Sir T. Herbert.</au>



<hw>Car"vel*built</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>Having the planks meet flush at

the seams, instead of lapping as in a clinker-built vessel.</def>



<hw>Car"ven</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Wrought by

carving; ornamented by carvings; carved.</def>

<mark>[Poetic]</mark>



<q>A <qex>carven</qex> bowl well wrought of beechen tree.</q>

<qau>Bp. Hall.</qau>



<q>The <qex>carven</qex> cedarn doors.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<q>A screen of <qex>carven</qex> ivory.</q>

<qau>Mrs. Browning.</qau>



<hw>Car"vene</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>carvi</ets> caraway.]</ety> <def>An oily substance,

<chform>C10H16</chform>, extracted from oil caraway.</def>



<hw>Carv"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

who carves; one who shapes or fashions by carving, or as by

carving; esp. one who carves decorative forms, architectural

adornments, etc.</def> \'bdThe <xex>carver's</xex> chisel.\'b8



<au>Dodsley.</au>



<q>The <qex>carver</qex> of his fortunes.</q>

<qau>Sharp (Richardson's Dict. )</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who carves or divides meat at table.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A large knife for carving.</def>



<hw>Carv"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or art

of one who carves.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A piece of decorative work cut in stone, wood,

or other material.</def> \'bd<xex>Carving</xex> in wood.\'b8



<au>Sir W. Temple.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The whole body of decorative sculpture of any

kind or epoch, or in any material; <as>as, the Italian

<ex>carving</ex> of the 15th century</as>.</def>



<hw>Car"vist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[A corruption

of <ets>carry fist</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Falconary)</fld> <def>A

hawk which is of proper age and training to be carried on the

hand; a hawk in its first year.</def>



<au>Booth.</au>



<hw>Car"vol</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>One of a species of aromatic oils, resembling

carvacrol.</def>



<hw>Car" wheel`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def>A flanged wheel of a

railway car or truck.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Car`y*at"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Car`y*at"id</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a

caryatid.</def>



<hw>Car`y*at"id</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.</plu>

<plw>Caryatids</plw> <pr>(#)</pr> <ety>[See

<er>Caryatides</er>.]</ety> <def>(Arch.) A draped female figure

supporting an entablature, in the place of a column or

pilaster.</def>



<hw>\'d8Car`y*at"i*des</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ (<?/) priestesses in the temple of Diana

(the Greek Artemis) at Cary\'91 (Gr. <?/), a village in Laconia;

as an architectural term, caryatids.]</ety> <fld>(Arch)</fld>

<def>Caryatids.</def>



<note><hand/ Corresponding male figures were called

<xex>Atlantes</xex>, <xex>Telamones</xex>, and

<xex>Persians</xex>.</note>



<hw>Car`y*o*phyl*la"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ clove tree; <?/ nut + <?/ leaf.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having corollas of five

petals with long claws inclosed in a tubular, calyx, as the

pink</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Belonging to the family of which

the pink and the carnation are the types.</def>



<hw>Car`y*oph"yl*lin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A tasteless and odorless crystalline

substance, extracted from cloves, polymeric with common

camphor.</def>



<hw>Car`y*oph"yl*lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Caryophyllaceous.</def>



<hw>Car`y*op"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Caryopses</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[NL., fr. gr. <?/

hut, kernel + <?/ sight, form.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

one-celled, dry, indehiscent fruit, with a thin membranous

pericarp, adhering closely to the seed, so that fruit and seed

are incorporated in one body, forming a single grain, as of

wheat, barley, etc.</def>



<hw>Ca"sal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Gram.)</fld>

<def>Of or pertaining to case; <as>as, a <ex>casal</ex>

ending</as>.</def>



<hw>Cas"ca*bel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.

<ets>cascabel</ets> a little bell, also (fr. the shape), a knob

at the breech end of a cannon.]</ety> <def>The projection in rear

of the breech of a cannon, usually a knob or breeching loop

connected with the gun by a neck. In old writers it included all

in rear of the base ring. <note>[See <xex>Illust</xex>. of

<er>Cannon</er>.]</note></def>



<hw>Cas*cade"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>cascade</ets>, fr. It. <ets>cascata</ets>, fr.

<ets>cascare</ets> to ball.]</ety> <def>A fall of water over a

precipice, as in a river or brook; a waterfall less than a

cataract.</def>



<q>The silver brook . . . pours the white <qex>cascade</qex>.</q>

<qau>Longjellow.</qau>



<q>Now murm'ring soft, now roaring in <qex>cascade</qex>.</q>

<qau>Cawper.</qau>



<hw>Cas*cade"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To fall in

a cascade.</def>



<au>Lowell.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To vomit.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>



<au>Smollett.</au>



<hw>\'d8Cas*cal"ho</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pg., a

chip of stone, gravel.]</ety> <def>A deposit of pebbles, gravel,

and ferruginous sand, in which the Brazilian diamond is usually

found.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cas"ca*ra sa*gra"da</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[Sp.]</ety>

<def>Holy bark; the bark of the California buckthorn

(<spn>Rhamnus Purshianus</spn>), used as a mild cathartic or

laxative.</def>



<hw>Cas`ca*ril"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[Sp.,

small thin bark, Peruvian bark, dim. of <ets>c\'a0scara</ets>

bark.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A euphorbiaceous West Indian

shrub (<spn>Croton Eleutheria</spn>); also, its aromatic

bark.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Cascarilla bark</col> (<or/

<col>Cascarila</col></mcol>) <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>the bark of

<spn>Croton Eleutheria</spn>.  It has an aromatic odor and a

warm, spicy, bitter taste, and when burnt emits a musky odor. It

is used as a gentle tonic, and sometimes, for the sake of its

fragrance, mixed with smoking tobacco, when it is said to

occasion vertigo and intoxication.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cas`ca*ril"lin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white, crystallizable, bitter substance

extracted from oil of cascarilla.</def>



<hw>Case</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>casse</ets>, F. <ets>caisse</ets> (cf. It.

<ets>cassa</ets>), fr. L. <ets>capsa</ets> chest, box, case, fr.

<ets>caper</ets> to take, hold See <er>Capacious</er>, and cf.

4th <er>Chase</er>, <er>Cash</er>, <er>Enchase</er>, <er>3d

Sash</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A box, sheath, or covering; <as>as, a

<ex>case</ex> for holding goods; a <ex>case</ex> for spectacles;

the <ex>case</ex> of a watch; the <ex>case</ex> (capsule) of a

cartridge; a <ex>case</ex> (cover) for a book.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A box and its contents; the quantity contained

in a box; <as>as, a <ex>case</ex> of goods; a <ex>case</ex> of

instruments.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A shallow tray divided into

compartments or \'bdboxes\'b8 for holding type.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Cases</xex> for type are usually arranged in

sets of two, called respectively the <xex>upper</xex> and the

<xex>lower</xex> case. The <xex>upper case</xex> contains

capitals, small capitals, accented; the <xex>lower case</xex>

contains the small letters, figures, marks of punctuation,

quadrats, and spaces.</note>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>An inclosing frame; a casing; <as>as, a door

<ex>case</ex>; a window <ex>case</ex>.</as></def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A small fissure which admits

water to the workings.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Case</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Cased</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Casing</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cover or

protect with, or as with, a case; to inclose.</def>



<q>The man who, <qex>cased</qex> in steel, had passed whole days

and nights in the saddle.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To strip the skin from; <as>as, to <ex>case</ex>

a box</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Case</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>cas</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>casus</ets>, fr. <ets>cadere</ets> to fall, to happen. Cf.

<er>Chance</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Chance; accident; hap;

opportunity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>By aventure, or sort, or <qex>cas</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which befalls, comes, or happens; an event;

an instance; a circumstance, or all the circumstamces; condition;

state of things; affair; <as>as, a strange <ex>case</ex>; a

<ex>case</ex> of injustice; the <ex>case</ex> of the Indian

tribes.</as></def>



<q>In any <qex>case</qex> thou shalt deliver him the pledge.</q>

<qau>Deut. xxiv. 13.</qau>



<q>If the <qex>case</qex> of the man be so with his wife.</q>

<qau>Matt. xix. 10.</qau>



<q>And when a lady's in the <qex>case</qex>.

You know all other things give place.</q>

<qau>Gay.</qau>



<q>You think this madness but a common <qex>case</qex>.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<q>I am in <qex>case</qex> to justle a constable,</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Med. & Surg.)</fld> <def>A patient under

treatment; an instance of sickness or injury; <as>as, ten

<ex>cases</ex> of fever</as>; also, the history of a disease or

injury.</def>



<q>A proper remedy in hypochondriacal <qex>cases</qex>.</q>

<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The matters of fact or

conditions involved in a suit, as distinguished from the

questions of law; a suit or action at law; a cause.</def>



<q>Let us consider the reason of the <qex>case</qex>, for nothing

is law that is not reason.</q>

<qau>Sir John Powell.</qau>



<q>Not one <qex>case</qex> in the reports of our courts.</q>

<qau>Steele.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>One of the forms, or the

inflections or changes of form, of a noun, pronoun, or adjective,

which indicate its relation to other words, and in the aggregate

constitute its declension; the relation which a noun or pronoun

sustains to some other word.</def>



<q><qex>Case</qex> is properly a <qex>falling off</qex> from the

nominative or first state of word; the name for which, however,

is now, by extension of its signification, applied also to the

nominative.</q>

<qau>J. W. Gibbs.</qau>



<note><hand/ <xex>Cases</xex> other than the nominative are

<xex>oblique cases</xex>. <xex>Case endings</xex> are

terminations by which certain cases are distinguished. In old

English, as in Latin, nouns had several cases distinguished by

<xex>case endings</xex>, but in modern English only that of the

possessive case is retained.</note>



<cs><col>Action on the case</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>according

to the old classification (now obsolete), was an action for

redress of wrongs or injuries to person or property not specially

provided against by law, in which the whole cause of complaint

was set out in the writ; -- called also <altname>trespass on the

case</altname>, or simply <altname>case</altname>.</cd> --

<col>All a case</col>, <cd>a matter of indifference.</cd> 

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdIt is <xex>all a case<xex> to me.\'b8

<au>L'Estrange</au>. -- <col>Case at bar</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Bar</er>, <pos>n.</pos></cd> -- <col>Case divinity</col>,

<cd>casuistry.</cd> -- <col>Case lawyer</col>, <cd>one versed in

the reports of cases rather than in the science of the law.</cd>

-- <mcol><col>Case stated</col> or <col>agreed on</col></mcol>

<fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a statement in writing of facts agreed on

and submitted to the court for a decision of the legal points

arising on them.</cd> -- <col>A hard case</col>, <cd>an abandoned

or incorrigible person.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>In

any case</col></mcol>, <cd>whatever may be the state of affairs;

anyhow.</cd> -- <mcol><col>In case</col>, <or/ <col>In case

that</col></mcol>, <cd>if; supposing that; in the event or

contingency; if it should happen that.</cd>  \'bd<xex>In

case<xex> we are surprised, keep by me.\'b8 <au>W. Irving</au>.

-- <col>In good case</col>, <cd>in good condition, health, or

state of body.</cd> -- <col>To put a case</col>, <cd>to suppose a

hypothetical or illustrative case.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Situation, condition, state; circumstances; plight;

predicament; occurrence; contingency; accident; event;

conjuncture; cause; action; suit.</syn>



<hw>Case</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To propose hypothetical

cases.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Casing</xex> upon the

matter.\'b8



<au>L'Estrange.</au>



<hw>Ca`se*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>cas\'82ation</ets>. See <er>Casein</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A degeneration of animal tissue into a

cheesy or curdy mass.</def>



<hw>Case"-bay`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The space between two

principals or girders</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the joists

framed between a pair of girders in naked flooring.</def>



<hw>Case"hard`en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To subject to a process which converts the surface of iron

into steel.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To render insensible to good influences.</def>



<hw>Case"hard`ened</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Having the surface hardened, as iron tools.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hardened against, or insusceptible to, good

influences; rendered callous by persistence in wrongdoing or

resistance of good influences; -- said of persons.</def>



<hw>Case"hard`en*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act or process

of converting the surface of iron into steel.</def>



<au>Ure.</au>



<note><hand/ <xex>Casehardening</xex> is now commonly effected by

cementation with charcoal or other carbonizing material, the

depth and degree of hardening (carbonization) depending on the

time during which the iron is exposed to the heat. See

<er>Cementation</er>.</note>



<hw>Ca"se*ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>cas\'82ique</ets>, fr. L. <ets>caseus</ets> cheese.]</ety>

<def>OF or pertaining to cheese; <as>as, <ex>caseic</ex>

acid</as>.</def>



<hw>Ca"se*in</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>cas\'82ine</ets>, fr. L. <ets>caseur</ets> cheese. Cf.

<er>Cheese</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A

proteid substance present in both the animal and the vegetable

kingdom. In the animal kindom it is chiefly found in milk, and

constitutes the main part of the curd separated by rennet; in the

vegetable kingdom it is found more or less abundantly in the

seeds of leguminous plants. Its reactions resemble those of

alkali albumin.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>caseine</asp>.]</altsp>



<-- no pos in original. = n. -->

<hw>Case" knife`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <sn>1.</sn> <def>A knife

carried in a sheath or case.</def>



<au>Addison.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A large table knife; -- so called from being

formerly kept in a <xex>case</xex>.</def>



<hw>Case"mate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>casemate</ets>, fr. It. <ets>casamatta</ets>, prob. from

<ets>casa</ets> house + <ets>matto</ets>, f. <ets>matta</ets>,

mad, weak, feeble, dim. from the same source as E.

<ets>-mate</ets> in <ets>checkmate</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A bombproof chamber, usually

of masonry, in which cannon may be placed, to be fired through

embrasures; or one capable of being used as a magazine, or for

quartering troops.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A hollow molding, chiefly in

cornices.</def>



<hw>Case"ma`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Furnished

with, protected by, or built like, a casemate.</def>



<au>Campbell.</au>



<hw>Case"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Shortened

fr. <ets>encasement</ets>. See <er>Incase 1st Case</er>, and cf.

<er>Incasement</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A window sash

opening on hinges affixed to the upright side of the frame into

which it is fitted. <mark>(Poetically)</mark> A window.</def>



<q>A <qex>casement</qex> of the great chamber window.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Case"ment*ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a casement or

casements.</def>



<hw>Ca"se*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>caseus</ets>. Cf. <er>Casein</er>.]</ety> <def>Of,

pertaining to, or resembling, cheese; having the qualities of

cheese; cheesy.</def>



<cs><col>Caseous degeneration</col>, <cd>a morbid process, in

scrofulous or consumptive persons, in which the products of

inflammation are converted into a cheesy substance which is

neither absorbed nor organized.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ca"sern</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>caserne</ets>.]</ety> <def>A lodging for soldiers in

garrison towns, usually near the rampart; barracks.</def>



<au>Bescherelle.</au>



<hw>Case" shot`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A

collection of small projectiles, inclosed in a case or

canister.</def>



<note><hand/ In the United States a <xex>case shot</xex> is a

thin spherical or oblong cast-iron shell containing musket balls

and a bursting charge, with a time fuse; -- called in Europe

<xex>shrapnel</xex>. In Europe the term <xex>case shot</xex> is

applied to what in the United States is called

<xex>canister</xex>.</note>



<au>Wilhelm.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ca"se*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>caseus</ets> cheese.]</ety> <def>Same as

<er>Casein</er>.</def>



<hw>Case"worm`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A worm or grub that makes for itself a

case. See <er>Caddice</er>.</def>



<hw>Cash</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>caisse</ets> case, box, cash box, cash. See <er>Case</er> a

box.]</ety> <def>A place where money is kept, or where it is

deposited and paid out; a money box.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>This bank is properly a general <qex>cash</qex>, where every

man lodges his money.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Temple.</qau>



<q>\'9c20,000 are known to be in her <qex>cash</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir R. Winwood.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Ready money;

especially, coin or specie; but also applied to bank notes,

drafts, bonds, or any paper easily convertible into money</def>.

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Immediate or prompt payment in current funds;

<as>as, to sell goods for <ex>cash</ex>; to make a reduction in

price for <ex>cash</ex>.</as></def>



<cs><col>Cash account</col> <fld>(Bookkeeping)</fld>, <cd>an

account of money received, disbursed, and on hand.</cd> --

<col>Cash boy</col>, <cd>in large retail stores, a messenger who

carries the money received by the salesman from customers to a

cashier, and returns the proper change.</cd>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>Cash credit</col>, <cd>an account

with a bank by which a person or house, having given security for

repayment, draws at pleasure upon the bank to the extent of an

amount agreed upon; -- called also <altname>bank credit</altname>

and <altname>cash account</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Cash

sales</col>, <cd>sales made for ready, money, in distinction from

those on which credit is given; stocks sold, to be delivered on

the day of transaction.</cd></cs>

<-- cash on the nail.  A cash payment made immediately upon

receiving the thing purchased. -->



<syn>Syn. -- Money; coin; specie; currency; capital.</syn>



<hw>Cash</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Cashed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Casing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To pay, or to receive, cash

for; to exchange for money; <as>as, <ex>cash</ex> a note or an

order</as>.</def>



<hw>Cash</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Cashier</er>.]</ety> <def>To disband.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Garges.</au>



<hw>Cash</hw>, <pos>n.sing & pl.</pos> <def>A Chinese coin.</def>



<note><hand/ The <xex>cash</xex> (<xex>Chinese tsien</xex>) is

the only current coin made by the chinese government. It is a

thin circular disk of a very base alloy of copper, with a square

hole in the center. 1,000 to 1,400 <xex>cash</xex> are equivalent

to a dollar.</note>



<-- p. 223 -->



<hw>Cash"book</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bookkeeping)</fld> <def>A book in which is kept a register

of money received or paid out.</def>



<hw>Ca*shew"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>acajou</ets>, for <ets>cajou</ets>, prob. from Malay

<ets>k\'beyu</ets> tree; cf. Pg. <ets>acaju</ets>, cf.

<er>Acajou</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tree

(<spn>Anacardium occidentale</spn>) of the same family which the

sumac. It is native in tropical America, but is now naturalized

in all tropical countries. Its fruit, a kidney-shaped nut, grows

at the extremity of an edible, pear-shaped hypocarp, about three

inches long.</def>



<cs><col>Casbew nut</col>, <cd>the large, kidney-shaped fruit of

the cashew, which is edible after the caustic oil has been

expelled from the shell by roasting the nut.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cash*ier"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>caissier</ets>, fr. <ets>caisse</ets>. See

<er>Cash</er>.]</ety> <def>One who has charge of money; a cash

keeper; the officer who has charge of the payments and receipts

(moneys, checks, notes), of a bank or a mercantile company.</def>



<hw>Cash*ier"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Cahiered</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &vb.

n.</pos> <er>Cashiering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Earlier

<ets>cash</ets>, fr. F. <ets>casser</ets> to break, annul,

cashier, fr. L. <ets>cassare</ets>, equiv. to <ets>cassum

reddere</ets>, to annul; cf. G. <ets>cassiren</ets>. Cf.

<er>Quash</er> to annul, <er>Cass</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To dismiss or discard; to discharge; to dismiss with

ignominy from military service or from an office or place of

frust.</def>



<q>They have <qex>cashiered</qex> several of their followers.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<q>He had insolence to <qex>cashier</qex> the captain of the lord

lieutenant's own body guard.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To put away or reject; to disregard.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Connections formed for interest, and endeared</q>



<q>By selfish views, [are] censured and <qex>cashiered</qex>.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<q>They absolutely <qex>cashier</qex> the literal express sense

of the words.</q>

<qau>Sowth.</qau>



<hw>Cash*ier"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

rejects, discards, or dismisses; <as>as, a <ex>cashierer</ex> of

monarchs</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Burke.</au>



<hw>Cash"mere</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

rich stuff for shawls, acaris, etc., originally made in Cashmere

from the soft wool found beneath the hair of the goats of

Cashmere, Thibet, and the Himalayas. Some cashmere, of fine

quality, is richly embroidered for sale to Europeans.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A dress fabric made of fine wool, or of fine

wool and cotton, in imitation of the original cashmere.</def>



<cs><col>Cashmere shawl</col>, <cd>a rich and costly shawl made

of cashmere; -- other called <xex>camel's-hair

shawl<xex>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cash`me*rette"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A kind

of dress goods, made with a soft and glossy surface like

cashmere.</def>



<hw>Ca*shoo"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>cachou</ets>, NL. <er>catechu</er>, Cochin-Chin. <ets>cay

cau</ets> from the tree called <ets>mimosa</ets>, or <ets>areca

catechu</ets>. Cf. <er>Catechu</er>.]</ety> <def>See

<er>Catechu</er>.</def>



<hw>Cas"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

act or process of inclosing in, or covering with, a case or thin

substance, as plaster, boards, etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An outside covering, for protection or ornament,

or to precent the radiation of heat.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An inclosing frame; esp. the framework around a

door or a window. See <er>Case</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 4.</def>



<hw>Ca"sings</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>Dried dung

of cattle used as fuel.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<au>Waterland.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ca*si"no</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.

<plw>Casinos</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, It. <plw>Casini</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[It. <ets>casino</ets>, dim. of

<ets>casa</ets> house, fr. L. <ets>casa</ets> cottage. Cf.

<er>Cassing</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A small country

house.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A building or room used for meetings, or public

amusements, for dancing, gaming, etc.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A game at cards. See <er>Cassino</er>.</def>



<hw>Cask</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.

<ets>casco</ets> potsherd, skull, helmet, prob. fr.

<ets>cascar</ets> to break, fr. L. <ets>Quassure</ets> to break.

Cf. <er>Casque</er>, <er>Cass</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Same

as <er>Casque</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A barrel-shaped vessel made of staves headings,

and hoops, usually fitted together so as to hold liquids. It may

be larger or smaller than a barrel.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The quantity contained in a cask.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A casket; a small box for jewels.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Cask</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To put into a cask.</def>



<hw>Cas"ket</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>casquet</ets>, dim. of <ets>casque</ets> belmet, fr. Sp.

<ets>casco</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A small chest or box,

esp. of rich material or ornamental character, as for jewels,

etc.</def>



<q>The little <qex>casket</qex> bring me hither.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A kind of burial case.</def> <mark>[U.

S.]</mark>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Anything containing or intended to contain

something highly esteemed; as: <sd>(a)</sd> The body.

(<au>Shak</au>). <sd>(b)</sd> The tomb. (<au>Milton</au>).

<sd>(c)</sd> A book of selections.</def> <mark>[poetic]</mark>



<q>They found him dead . . . an empty <qex>casket</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Cas"ket</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A gasket.

See <er>Gasket</er>.</def>



<hw>Cas"ket</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To put into, or preserve

in, a casket.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark> \'bdI have

<xex>casketed</xex> my treasure.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Casque</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>casque</ets>, fr. Sp. <ets>casco</ets> See

<er>Cask</er>.]</ety> <def>A piece of defensive or ornamental

armor (with or without a vizor) for the head and neck; a

helmet.</def>



<q>His <qex>casque</qex> overshadowed with brilliant plumes.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<hw>Cass</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>casser</ets>, LL. <ets>cassare</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>cassus</ets> empty, hollow, and perhaps influenced by L.

<ets>quassare</ets> to shake, shatter, v. intens. of

<ets>quatere</ets> to shake. Cf. <er>Cashier</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>, <er>Quash</er>, <er>Cask</er>.]</ety> <def>To render

useless or void; to annul; to reject; to send away.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir W. Raleing.</au>



<hw>Cas"sa*da</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Cassava</er>.</def>



<hw>Cas"sa*reep</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A condiment

made from the sap of the bitter cassava (<spn>Manihot

utilissima</spn>) deprived of its poisonous qualities,

concentrated by boiling, and flavored with aromatics. See

<er>Pepper pot</er>.</def>



<hw>Cas"sate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>cassare</ets>. See <er>Cass</er>.]</ety> <def>To render void

or useless; to vacate or annul.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Cas*sa"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>cassation</ets>. See <er>Cass</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of

annulling.</def>



<q>A general <qex>cassation</qex> of their constitutions.</q>

<qau>Motley.</qau>



<cs><col>Court of cassation</col>, <cd>the highest court of

appeal in France, which has power to quash (<xex>Casser<xex>) or

reverse the decisions of the inferior courts.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cas"sa*va</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>cassave</ets>, Sp. <ets>cazabe</ets>, fr. <ets>kasabi</ets>,

in the language of Hayti.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A shrubby euphorbiaceous plant of the genus

<spn>Manihot</spn>, with fleshy rootstocks yielding an edible

starch; -- called also <altname>manioc</altname>.</def>



<note><hand/ There are two species, <xex>bitter</xex> and

<xex>sweet</xex>, from which the cassava of commerce is prepared

in the West Indies, tropical America, and Africa. The bitter

(<spn>Manihot utilissima</spn>) is the more important; this has a

poisonous sap, but by grating, pressing, and baking the root the

poisonous qualities are removed. The sweet (<spn>M. Aipi</spn>)

is used as a table vegetable.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A nutritious starch obtained from the rootstocks

of the cassava plant, used as food and in making tapioca.</def>



<hw>Cas"se Pa"per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[F. <ets>papier

cass\'82</ets>. See <er>Cass</er>.]</ety> <def>Broken paper; the

outside quires of a ream.</def>



<hw>Cas"se*role</hw> <pr>(#)</pr> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. a

saucepan, dim. from <ets>casse</ets> a basin.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A small round dish with a handle, usually

of porcelain.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>A mold (in the shape of a

hollow vessel or incasement) of boiled rice, mashed potato or

paste, baked, and afterwards filled with vegetables or

meat.</def>



<hw>Cas"sia</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cassia</ets> and <ets>casia</ets>, Gr. <?/ and <?/; of

Semitic origin; cf. Heb. <ets>qets\'c6\'beh</ets>, fr.

<ets>q\'betsa'</ets> to cut off, to peel off.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of leguminous plants (herbs,

shrubs, or trees) of many species, most of which have purgative

qualities. The leaves of several species furnish the senna used

in medicine.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The bark of several species of

<spn>Cinnamommum</spn> grown in China, etc.; Chinese cinnamon. 

It is imported as <xex>cassia</xex>, but commonly sold as

cinnamon, from which it differs more or less in strength and

flavor, and the amount of outer bark attached.</def>



<note><hand/ The medicinal \'bdcassia\'b8 (<xex>Cassia

pulp</xex>) is the laxative pulp of the pods of a leguminous tree

(<spn>Cassia fistula</spn> or <xex>Pudding-pipe tree</xex>),

native in the East Indies but naturalized in various tropical

countries.</note>



<cs><col>Cassia bark</col>, <cd>the bark of <spn>Cinnamomum

Cassia</spn>, etc. The coarser kinds are called <spn>Cassia

lignea</spn>, and are often used to adulterate true

cinnamon.</cd> -- <col>Cassia buds</col>, <cd>the dried flower

buds of several species of cinnamon (<spn>Cinnamomum

cassia</spn>, atc..).</cd> -- <col>Cassia oil</col>, <cd>oil

extracted from cassia bark and cassia buds; -- called also

<altname>oil of cinnamon</altname>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cas"si*can</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.

<ets>cassicus</ets> helmeted, fr. L. <ets>cassis</ets> a

belmet.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An American bird of the

genus <spn>Cassicus</spn>, allied to the starlings and orioles,

remarkable for its skillfully constructed and suspended nest; the

crested oriole. The name is also sometimes given to the piping

crow, an Australian bird.</def>



<hw>Cas*sid"e*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Cassis</ets> helmet.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Helmet-shaped; -- applied to a corolla having a broad,

helmet-shaped upper petal, as in aconite.</def>



<hw>Cas"si*do*ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. LL.

<ets>cassidonium</ets>, F. <ets>Cassidoine</ets>. See

<er>Chalcedony</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>The French lavender (<spn>Lawandula Stachas</spn>)</def>.

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The goldilocks <spn>(Chrysocoma

linosyris)</spn> and perhaps other plants related to the genus

<spn>Gnaphalium</spn> or cudweed.</def>



<hw>Cas"si*mere</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>casimir</ets>, prob. of the same origin as E.

<ets>cashmere</ets>. Cf. <er>Kerseymere</er>.]</ety> <def>A thin,

twilled, woolen cloth, used for men's garments.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>kerseymere</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Cas`si*nette"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Sp.

<ets>casinete</ets>, G. <ets>cassinet</ets>.]</ety> <def>A cloth

with a cotton wart, and a woof of very fine wool, or wool and

silk.</def>



<hw>Cas*sin"i*an o"vals</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Math.)</fld>

<def>See under <er>Oval</er>.</def>



<hw>Cas*si"no</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.

<ets>casino</ets> a small house, a gaming house. See

<er>asing</er>.]</ety> <def>A game at cards, played by two or

more persons, usually for twenty-one points.</def>



<cs><col>Great cassino</col>, <cd>the ten of diamonds.</cd> --

<col>Little cassino</col>, <cd>the two of spades.</cd></cs>



<-- 2. a gaming house, often containing slot machines, roulette

tables, craps tables and/or card games. -->



<hw>Cas"si*o*ber`ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.

<ets>cassine</ets>, from the language of the Florida

Indians.]</ety> <def>The fruit of the <xex>Viburnum

obovatum</xex>, a shrub which grows from Virginia to

Florida.</def>



<hw>Cas`si*o*pe"ia</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A constellation of

the northern hemisphere, situated between Capheus and Perseus; --

so called in honor of the wife of Cepheus, a fabuolous king of

Ethiopia.</def>



<cs><col>Cassiopeia's Chair</col>, <cd>a group of six stars, in

Cassiopeia, somewhat resembling a chair.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cas*sit"er*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

tin.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Native tin dioxide; tin stone;

a mineral occurring in tetragonal crystals of reddish brown

color, and brilliant adamantine luster; also massive, sometimes

in compact forms with concentric fibrous structure resembling

wood (<xex>wood tin</xex>), also in rolled fragments or pebbly

(<xex>Stream tin</xex>). It is the chief source of metallic tin.

See <er>Black tin</er>, under <er>Black</er>.</def>



<hw>Cas"sius</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From the name

of the discoverer, A. <ets>Cassius</ets>, a German physician of

the 17th centry.]</ety> <def>A brownish purple pigment, obtained

by the action of some compounds of tin upon certain salts of

gold. It is used in painting and staining porcelain and glass to

give a beautiful purple color. Commonly called <xex>Purple of

Cassius</xex>.</def>



<hw>Cas"sock</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>casaque</ets>, fr. It. <ets>casacca</ets>, perh. fr. L.

<ets>casa</ets> cottage, in It., house; or of Slavic

origin.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A long outer garment formerly worn by men and

women, as well as by soldiers as part of their uniform.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A garment resembling a long

frock coat worn by the clergy of certain churches when

officiating, and by others as the usually outer garment.</def>



<hw>Cas"socked</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Clothed with

a cassock.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cas`so*lette"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>a box, or vase with a perforated cover to

emit perfumes.</def>



<hw>Cas`son*ade"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.

<ets>casson</ets>, for <ets>caisson</ets> a large chest. This

sugar comes from Brazil in large chests.]</ety> <def>Raw sugar;

sugar not refined.</def>



<au>Mc Elrath.</au>



<hw>Cas"so*wa*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Cassowaries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[Malay

<ets>kasu\'beri</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large

bird, of the genus <spn>Casuarius</spn>, found in the east

Indies. It is smaller and stouter than the ostrich. Its head is

armed with a kind of helmet of horny substance, consisting of

plates overlapping each other, and it has a group of long sharp

spines on each wing which are used as defensive organs. It is a

shy bird, and runs with great rapidity. Other species inhabit New

Guinea, Australia, etc.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cas`su*mu"nar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Cas`su*mu"ni*ar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Hind.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A pungent, bitter,

aromatic, gingerlike root, obtained from the East Indies.</def>



<hw>Cast</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Cast</er>; <pos>p. pr. &

vb. n.</pos> <er>Casting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Dan.

<ets>kastw</ets>, Icel. & Sw. <ets>kasta</ets>; perh. akin to L.

<er>gerer</er> to bear, carry. E. <ets>Jest</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To send or drive by force; to throw; to fling;

to hurl; to impel.</def>



<q>Uzziash prepared . . . slings to <qex>cast</qex> stones.</q>

<qau>2 Chron. xxvi. 14</qau>



<q><qex>Cast</qex> thy garment about thee, and follow me.</q>

<qau>Acts. xii. 8</qau>



<q>We must be <qex>cast</qex> upon a certain island.</q>

<qau>Acts. xxvii. 26.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To direct or turn, as the eyes.</def>



<q>How earnestly he <qex>cast</qex> his eyes upon me!</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To drop; to deposit; <as>as, to <ex>cast</ex> a

ballot</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To throw down, as in wrestling.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To throw up, as a mound, or rampart.</def>



<q>Thine enemies shall <qex>cast</qex> a trench [bank] about

thee.</q>

<qau>Luke xix. 48.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To throw off; to eject; to shed; to lose.</def>



<q>His filth within being <qex>cast</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Neither shall your vine <qex>cast</qex> her fruit.</q>

<qau>Mal. iii. 11</qau>



<q>The creatures that <qex>cast</qex> the skin are the snake, the

viper, etc.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>To bring forth prematurely; to slink.</def>



<q>Thy she-goats have not <qex>cast</qex> their young.</q>

<qau>Gen. xxi. 38.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>To throw out or emit; to exhale.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>This . . . <qex>casts</qex> a sulphureous smell.</q>

<qau>Woodward.</qau>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>To cause to fall; to shed; to reflect; to throw;

<as>as, to <ex>cast</ex> a ray upon a screen; to <ex>cast</ex>

light upon a subject.</as></def>



<sn>10.</sn> <def>To impose; to bestow; to rest.</def>



<q>The government I <qex>cast</qex> upon my brother.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q><qex>Cast</qex> thy burden upon the Lord.</q>

<qau>Ps. iv. 22.</qau>



<sn>11.</sn> <def>To dismiss; to discard; to cashier.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The state can not with safety <qex>cast</qex>him.</q>



<sn>12.</sn> <def>To compute; to reckon; to calculate; <as>as, to

<ex>cast</ex> a horoscope</as>.</def> \'bdLet it be

<xex>cast</xex> and paid.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>You <qex>cast</qex> the event of war my noble lord.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>13.</sn> <def>To contrive; to plan.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>The cloister . . . had, I doubt not, been <qex>cast</qex> for

[an orange- house].</q>

<qau>Sir W. Temple.</qau>



<sn>14.</sn> <def>To defeat in a lawsuit; to decide against; to

convict; <as>as, to be <ex>cast</ex> in damages</as>.</def>



<q>She was <qex>cast</qex> to be hanged.</q>

<qau>Jeffrey.</qau>



<q>Were the case referred to any competent judge, they would

inevitably be <qex>cast</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dr. H. More.</qau>



<sn>15.</sn> <def>To turn (the balance or scale); to overbalance;

hence, to make preponderate; to decide; <as>as, a

<ex>casting</ex> voice</as>.</def>



<q>How much interest <qex>casts</qex> the balance in cases

dubious!</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<sn>16.</sn> <def>To form into a particular shape, by pouring

liquid metal or other material into a mold; to fashion; to found;

<as>as, to <ex>cast</ex> bells, stoves, bullets</as>.</def>



<sn>17.</sn> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>To stereotype or

electrotype.</def>



<sn>18.</sn> <def>To fix, distribute, or allot, as the parts of a

play among actors; also to assign (an actor) for a part.</def>



<q>Our parts in the other world will be new <qex>cast</qex>.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<cs><col>To cast anchor</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>Se under

<er>Anchor</er>.</cd> -- <col>To cast a horoscope</col>, <cd>to

calculate it.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To cast a horse</col>,

<col>sheep</col>, or other animal</mcol>, <cd>to throw with the

feet upwards, in such a manner as to prevent its rising

again.</cd> -- <col>To cast a shoe</col>, <cd>to throw off or

lose a shoe, said of a horse or ox.</cd> -- <col>To cast

aside</col>, <cd>to throw or push aside; to neglect; to reject as

useless or inconvenient.</cd> -- <col>To cast away</col>.

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To throw away; to lavish; to waste.</cd>

\'bd<xex>Cast away<xex> a life\'b8 <au>Addison</au>. <sd>(b)</sd>

<cd>To reject; to let perish.</cd>  \'bd<xex>Cast away<xex> his

people.\'b8 <au>Rom. xi. 1</au>. \'bd<xex>Cast<xex> one

<xex>away<xex>.\'b8 <au>Shak</au>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To

wreck.</cd> \'bd<xex>Cast away<xex> and sunk.\'b8 <au>Shak</au>.

-- <col>To cast by</col>, <cd>to reject; to dismiss or discard;

to throw away.</cd> -- <col>To cast down</col>, <cd>to throw

down; to destroy; to deject or depress, as the mind.</cd> 

\'bdWhy art thou <xex>cast down<xex>. O my soul?\'b8 <au>Ps.

xiii. 5</au>. -- <col>To cast forth</col>, <cd>to throw out, or

eject, as from an inclosed place; to emit; to send out.</cd> --

<col>To cast in one's lot with</col>, <cd>to share the fortunes

of.</cd> -- <col>To cast in one's teeth</col>, <cd>to upbraid or

abuse one for; to twin.</cd> -- <col>To cast lots</col>. <cd>See

under <er>Lot</er>.</cd> -- <col>To cast off</col>. <sd>(a)</sd>

<cd>To discard or reject; to drive away; to put off; to free

one's self from.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Hunting)</fld> <cd>To

leave behind, as dogs; also, to set loose, or free, as dogs.</cd>

<au>Crabb</au>. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>To untie,

throw off, or let go, as a rope.</cd> -- <col>To cast off

copy</col>, <cd><fld>(Print.)</fld>, <cd>to estimate how much

printed matter a given amount of copy will make, or how large the

page must be in order that the copy may make a given number of

pages.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To cast one's self on</col> <or/

<col>upon<col></col> to yield or submit one's self unreservedly

to. as to the mercy of another.</cd> -- <col>To cast out</col>,

<cd>to throy out; to eject, as from a house; to cast forth; to

expel; to utter.</cd> -- <col>To cast the lead</col>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to sound by dropping the lead to the

botton.</cd> -- <col>To cast the water</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>,

<cd>to examine the urine for signs of disease.</cd>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>. -- <col>To cast up</col>. <sd>(a)</sd>

<cd>To throw up; to raise.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To compute; to

reckon, as the cost.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To vomit.</cd>

<sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To twit with; to throw in one's teeth.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cast</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

throw, as a line in angling, esp, with a fly hook.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To turn the head of a vessel

around from the wind in getting under weigh.</def>



<q>Weigh anchor, <qex>cast</qex> to starboard.</q>

<qau>Totten.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To consider; to turn or revolve in the mind; to

plan; <as>as, to <ex>cast</ex> about for reasons</as>.</def>



<q>She . . . <qex>cast</qex> in her mind what manner of salution

this should be.</q>

<qau>Luke. i. 29.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To calculate; to compute.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Who would <qex>cast</qex> and balance at a desk.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To receive form or shape in a mold.</def>



<q>It will not run thin, so as to <qex>cast</qex> and mold.</q>

<qau>Woodward.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To warp; to become twisted out of shape.</def>



<q>Stuff is said to <qex>cast</qex> or warp when . . . it alters

its flatness or straightness.</q>

<qau>Moxon.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>To vomit.</def>



<q>These verses . . . make me ready to <qex>cast</qex>.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<hw>Cast</hw>, <def><pos>3d pres.</pos> of <er>Cast</er>, for

<xex>Casteth</xex>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Cast</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Icel., Dan., & Sw.

<ets>kast</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of casting or

throwing; a throw.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The thing thrown.</def>



<q>A <qex>cast</qex> of dreadful dust.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The distance to which a thing is or can be

thrown.</def> \'bdAbout a stone's <xex>cast</xex>.\'b8



<au>Luke xxii. 41.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A throw of dice; hence, a chance or

venture.</def>



<q>An even <qex>cast</qex> whether the army should march this way

or that way.</q>



<au>Sowth.</au>



<q>I have set my life upon a <qex>cast</qex>,

And I will stand the hazard of the die.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>That which is throw out or off, shed, or

ejected; <as>as, the skin of an insect, the refuse from a hawk's

stomach, the excrement of a earthworm</as>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>The act of casting in a mold.</def>



<q>And why such daily <qex>cast</qex> of brazen cannon.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>An impression or mold, taken from a thing or

person; amold; a pattern.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>That which is formed in a mild; esp. a

reproduction or copy, as of a work of art, in bronze or plaster,

etc.; a casting.</def>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>Form; appearence; mien; air; style; <as>as, a

pecullar <ex>cast</ex> of countenance</as>.</def>  \'bdA neat

<xex>cast</xex> of verse.\'b8 <au>Pope</au>.



<q>An heroic poem, but in another <qex>cast</qex> and figure.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<q>And thus the native hue of resolution

Is sicklied o'er with the pale <qex>cast</qex> of thought.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>10.</sn> <def>A tendency to any color; a tinge; a

shade.</def>



<q>Gray with a <qex>cast</qex> of green.</q>

<qau>Woodward.</qau>



<sn>11.</sn> <def>A chance, opportunity, privilege, or advantage;

specifically, an opportunity of riding; a lift.</def>

<mark>[Scotch]</mark>



<q>We bargained with the driver to give us a <qex>cast</qex> to

the next stage.</q>

<qau>Smollett.</qau>



<q>If we had the <qex>cast</qex> o' a cart to bring it.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>12.</sn> <def>The assignment of parts in a play to the

actors.</def>



<sn>13.</sn> <fld>(Falconary)</fld> <def>A flight or a couple or

set of hawks let go at one time from the hand.</def>



<au>Grabb.</au>



<q>As when a <qex>cast</qex> of falcons make their flight.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>14.</sn> <def>A stoke, touch, or trick.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>This was a <qex>cast</qex> of Wood's politics; for his

information was wholly false.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sn>15.</sn> <def>A motion or turn, as of the eye; direction;

look; glance; squint.</def>



<q>The <qex>cast</qex> of the eye is a gesture of aversion.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<q>And let you see with one <qex>cast</qex> of an eye.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<q>This freakish, elvish <qex>cast</qex> came into the child's

eye.</q>

<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>



<sn>16.</sn> <def>A tube or funnel for conveying metal into a

mold.</def>



<sn>17.</sn> <def>Four; that is, as many as are thrown into a

vessel at once in counting herrings, etc; a warp.</def>



<sn>18.</sn> <def>Contrivance; plot, design.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<cs><col>A cast of the eye</col>, <cd>a slight squint or

strabismus.</cd> -- <col>Renal cast</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>,

<cd>microscopic bodies found in the urine of persons affected

with disease of the kidneys; -- so called because they are formed

of matter deposited in, and preserving the outline of, the renal

tubes.</cd> -- <col>The last cast</col>, <cd>the last throw of

the dice or last effort, on which every thing is ventured; the

last chance.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cas*ta"li*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Castalius</ets>]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Castalia, a

mythical fountain of inspiration on Mt. Parnassus sacred to the

Muses.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>\'d8Cas*ta"ne*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a

chestnut, fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of

nut-bearing trees or shrubs including the chestnut and

chinquapin.</def>



<hw>Cas"ta*net</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Castanets</er>.</def>



<hw>Cas"ta*nets</hw>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>castagnettes</ets>, Sp. <ets>casta\'a4etas</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>castanea</ets> (Sp. <ets>casta\'a4a</ets>) a chestnut. So

named from the resemblance to two chestnuts, or because chestnuts

were first used for castanets. See <er>Chestnut</er>.]</ety>

<def>Two small, concave shells of ivory or hard wood, shaped like

spoons, fastened to the thumb, and beaten together with the

middle finger; -- used by the Spaniards and Moors as an

accompaniment to their dance and guitars.</def>



<note><hand/ The singular, <xex>castanet</xex>, is used of

<xex>one</xex> of the pair, or, sometimes, of the pair forming

the instrument.</note>



<q>The dancer, holding a <qex>castanet</qex> in each hand,

rattles then to the motion of his feet.</q>

<qau>Moore (Encyc. of Music).</qau>



<hw>Cast"a*way</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who, or that which, is cast away or shipwrecked.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who is ruined; one who has made moral

shipwreck; a reprobate.</def>



<q>Lest . . . <qex>when I have preached to others</qex>, <qex>I

myself should be a castaway</qex>.</q>

<qau>1 Cor. ix. 27.</qau>



<hw>Cas"a*way</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of no value; rejected;

useless.</def>



<hw>Caste</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pg.

<ets>casta</ets> race, lineage, fr. L. <ets>castus</ets> pure,

chaste: cf. F. <ets>caste</ets>, of same origin.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>One of the hereditary classes into which the

Hindoos are divided according to the laws of Brahmanism.</def>



<note><hand/ The members of the same caste are theoretically of

equal rank, and same profession or occupation, and may not eat or

intermarry with those not of their own caste. The original are

four, viz., the <xex>Brahmans</xex>, or sacerdotal order; the

<xex>Kshatriyas</xex>, or soldiers and rulers; the

<xex>Vaisyas</xex>, or husbandmen and merchants; and the

<xex>Sudras</xex>, or laborers and mechanics.  Men of no caste

are <xex>Pariahs</xex>, outcasts.  Numerous mixed classes, or

<xex>castes</xex>, have sprung up in the progress of time.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A separate and fixed order or class of persons

in society who chiefly hold intercourse among themselves.</def>



<q>The tinkers then formed an hereditary <qex>caste</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<cs><col>To lose caste</col>, <cd>to be degraded from the caste

to which one has belonged; to lose social position or

consideration.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cas"tel*lan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>castelain</ets>, F. <ets>ch\'83telain</ets>, L.

<ets>castellanus</ets> pertaining to a castle, an occupant of a

caste, LL., a governor of a castle, fr. L. <ets>catellum</ets>

castle, citadel, dim. of <ets>castrum</ets> fortifled place. See

<er>Castle</er>, and cf. <er>Chatelaine</er>.]</ety> <def>A

goveror or warden of a castle.</def>



<hw>Cas"tel*la*ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Castellanies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[LL.

<ets>castellania</ets>.]</ety> <def>The lordship of a castle; the

extent of land and jurisdiction appertaining to a castle.</def>



<hw>Cas"tel*la`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>castellatus</ets>, fr. <ets>castellare</ets>. See

<er>Castle</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Inclosed within a

building; <as>as, a fountain or cistern

<ex>castellated</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Furnished with turrets and battlements, like a

castle; built in the style of a castle.</def>



<hw>Cas`tel*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>castellation</ets>, fr. <ets>castellare</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>castellum</ets>. See <er>Castle</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of

making into a castle.</def>



<hw>Cast"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

who casts; <as>as, <ex>caster</ex> of stones, etc.</as> ; a

<xex>caster</xex> of cannon; a <xex>caster</xex> of

accounts.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A vial, cruet, or other small vessel, used to

contain condiments at the table; <as>as, a set of

<ex>casters</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A stand to hold a set of cruets.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A small wheel on a swivel, on which furniture is

supported and moved.</def>



<hw>Cas"ti*gate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Castigated</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Castigating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>castigatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>castigare</ets> to correct,

punish; <ets>castus</ets> pure, chaste + <ets>agere</ets> to

move, drive. See <er>Caste</er>, and cf. <er>Chasten</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To punish by stripes; to chastise by blows; to

chasten; also, to chastise verbally; to reprove; to criticise

severely.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To emend; to correct.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Cas`ti*ga"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>catigatio</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Corrective punishment; chastisement; reproof;

pungent criticism.</def>



<q>The keenest <qex>castigation</qex> of her slanderers.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Emendation; correction.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Cas`ti*ga"tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who castigates or corrects.</def>



<hw>Cas`ti*ga*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>castigatorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Punitive in order to

amendment; corrective.</def>



<hw>Cas"ti*ga*to*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An instrument

formerly used to punish and correct arrant scolds; -- called also

a <altname>ducking stool</altname>, or

<altname>trebucket</altname>.</def>



<au>Blacktone.</au>



<hw>Cas"tile soap"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[From

<ets>Castile</ets>, or <ets>Castilia</ets>, a province in Spain,

from which it originally came.]</ety> <def>A kind of fine, hard,

white or mottled soap, made with olive and soda; also, a soap

made in imitation of the above-described soap.</def>



<hw>Cas*til"ian</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.

<ets>castellano</ets>, from <ets>Castila</ets>, NL.

<ets>Castilia</ets>, <ets>Castella</ets>. Castile, which received

its name from the castles erected on the frontiers as a barrier

against the Moors.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An inhabitant or

native of Castile, in Spain.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The Spanish language as spoken in Castile.</def>



<hw>Cas*til"lan</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to

Castile, in Spain.</def>



<hw>Cast"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of one who casts or throws, as in fishing.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act or process of making cast or

impressions, or of shaping metal or plaster in a mold; the act or

the process of pouring molten metal into a mold.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which is cast in a mold; esp. the mass of

metal so cast; <as>as, a <ex>casting</ex> in iron; bronze

<ex>casting</ex>.</as></def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The warping of a board.</def>



<au>Brande & C.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The act of casting off, or that which is cast

off, as skin, feathers, excrement, etc.</def>



<cs><col>Casting of draperies</col>, <cd>the proper distribution

of the folds of garments, in painting and sculpture.</cd> --

<col>Casting line</col> <fld>(Fishing)</fld>, <cd>the leader;

also, sometimes applied to the long reel line.</cd> <col>Casting

net</col>, <cd>a net which is cast and drawn, in distinction from

a net that is set and left.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Casting

voice</col>, <col>Casting vote</col></mcol>, <cd>the decisive

vote of a presiding officer, when the votes of the assembly or

house are equally divided. \'bdWhen there was an equal vote, the

governor had the <xex>casting voice<xex>.\'b8 <au>B.

Trumbull</au>.</cd> -- <col>Casting weight</col>, <cd>a weight

that turns a balance when exactly poised.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cast" i`ron</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>Highly carbonized iron,

the direct product of the blast furnace; -- used for making

castings, and for conversion into wrought iron and steel. It can

not be welded or forged, is brittle, and sometimes very hard.

Besides carbon, it contains sulphur, phosphorus, silica,

etc.</def>



<hw>Cast"-i`ron</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Made of cast iron.

Hence, Fig.: like cast iron; hardy; unyielding.</def>



<hw>Cas"tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>castel</ets>, fr. L. <ets>castellum</ets>, dim. of

<ets>castrum</ets> a fortified place, castle.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A fortified residence, especially that of a prince or

nobleman; a fortress.</def>



<q>The house of every one is to him <qex>castle</qex> and

fortress, as well for his defense againts injury and violence, as

for his repose.</q>

<qau>Coke.</qau>



<q>Our <qex>castle's</qex> strength

Will laugh a siege to scorn.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<note><hand/ Originally the medi\'91val <xex>castle</xex> was a

single strong tower or keep, with a palisaded inclosure around it

and inferior buidings, such as stables and the like, and

surrounded by a moat; then such a keep or donjon, with courtyards

or baileys and accessory buildings of greater elaboration a great

hall and a chapel, all surrounded by defensive walls and a moat,

with a drawbridge, etc. Afterwards the name was retained by large

dwellings that had formerly been fortresses, or by those which

replaced ancient fortresses.</note>



<-- Illustration of "Castle at Pierrefonds, France": -->



<caption><xex>A</xex> Donjon or Keep, an irregular building

containing the dwelling of the lord and his family; <xex>B

C</xex> Large round towers ferming part of the donjon and of the

exterior; <xex>D</xex> Square tower, separating the two inner

courts and forming part of the donjon; <xex>E</xex> Chapel, whose

apse forms a half-round tower, <xex>F</xex>, on the exterior

walls; <xex>G H</xex> Round towers on the exterior walls;

<xex>K</xex> Postern gate, reached from outside by a removable

fight of steps or inclined plane for hoisting in stores, and

leading to a court, <xex>L</xex> (see small digagram) whose

pavement is on a level with the sill of the postern, but below

the level of the larger court, with which it communicates by a

separately fortified gateway; <xex>M</xex> Turret, containing

spiral stairway to all the stories of the great tower,

<xex>B</xex>, and serving also as a station for signal fire,

banner, etc.; <xex>N</xex> Turret with stairway for tower,

<xex>C</xex>; <xex>O</xex> Echauguettes; <xex>P P P</xex>

Battlemants consisting of merlons and crenels alternately, the

merlons being pierced by loopholes; <xex>Q Q</xex> Machicolations

(those at <xex>Q</xex> defend the postern <xex>K</xex>);

<xex>R</xex> Outwork defending the approach, which is a road

ascending the hill and passing under all four faces of the

castle; <xex>S S</xex> Wall of the outer bailey. The road of

approach enters the bailey at <xex>T</xex> and passes thence into

the castle by the main entrance gateway (which is in the wall

between, and defended by the towers, <xex>C H</xex>) and over two

drawbridges and through fortified passages to the inner

court.</caption>



<-- end of illustration caption. -->



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any strong, imposing, and stately mansion.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A small tower, as on a ship, or an elephant's

back.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A piece, made to represent a castle, used in the

game of chess; a rook.</def>



<cs><col>Castle in the air</col>, <cd>a visionary project; a

baseless scheme; an air castle; -- sometimes called a <xex>castle

in Spain<xex> (F. <xex>Ch\'83teau en Espagne<xex>).</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Fortress; fortification; citadel; stronghold. See

<er>Fortress</er>.</syn>



<hw>Cas"tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Castled</er>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>. p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Castling</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Chess)</fld> <def>To move the

castle to the square next to king, and then the king around the

castle to the square next beyond it, for the purpose of covering

the king.</def>



<hw>Cas"tle*build`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Fig.:

one who builds castles in the air or forms visionary

schemes.</def>



-- <wordforms><wf>Cas"tle*build`ing</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Cas"tled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a

castle or castles; supporting a castle; <as>as, a

<ex>castled</ex> height or crag</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fortified; turreted; <as>as, <ex>castled</ex>

walls</as>.</def>



<hw>Cas"tle-guard`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The guard or defense of a castle.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A tax or imposition an

a dwelling within a certain distance of a castle, for the purpose

of maintaining watch and ward in it; castle-ward.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A feudal tenure, obliging the tenant to perform

service within the realm, without limitation of time.</def>



<hw>Cas"tle*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>castelerie</ets>. See <er>Castle</er>.]</ety> <def>The

government of a castle.</def>



<au>Blount.</au>



<hw>Cas"tlet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A small

castle.</def>



<au>Leland.</au>



<hw>Cas"tle*ward`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Castleguard</er>.</def>



<hw>Cast"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That which is

cast or brought forth prematurely; an abortion.</def>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Cas"tling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chess)</fld>

<def>A compound move of the king and castle. See <er>Castle</er>,

<pos>v. i.</pos>/def>



<hw>Cast"-off`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Cast or laid

aside; <as>as, <ex>cast-off</ex> clothes</as>.</def>



<hw>Cas"tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>castor</ets> the beaver, Gr. <?/; of uncertain

origin.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of

rodents, including the beaver. See <er>Beaver</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Castoreum. See <er>Castoreum</er>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A hat, esp. one made of beaver fur; a

beaver.</def>



<q>I have always been known for the jaunty manner in which I wear

my <qex>castor</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A heavy quality of broadcloth for

overcoats.</def>



<hw>Cast"or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Caster</er>, a small wheel.</def>



<hw>Cas"tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.]</ety>

<fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>the northernmost of the two bright

stars in the constellation Gemini, the other being Pollux.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cas"tor</hw>, <hw>Cas"tor*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

}</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[The minerals <ets>castor</ets> and

<ets>pollux</ets> were so named because found <ets>together</ets>

on the island of Elba. See <er>Castor and Pollux</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of the mineral called petalite,

from Elba.</def>



<hw>Cas"tor and Pol"lux</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>.

<ety>[<ets>Castor</ets> and <ets>Pollux</ets> were twin sons of

Jupiter and Leda.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Saint

Elmo's fire</cref>, under <er>Saint</er>.</def>



<hw>Cas"tor bean"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The

bean or seed of the castor-oil plant (<spn>Ricinus

communis</spn>, or <spn>Palma Christi</spn>.)</def>



<hw>Cas*to"re*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. See

<er>Castor</er>.]</ety> <def>A peculiar bitter orange-brown

substance, with strong, penetrating odor, found in two sacs

between the anus and external genitals of the beaver; castor; --

used in medicine as an antispasmodic, and by perfumers.</def>



<-- p. 225 -->



<hw>Cas"to*rin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From 1st

<er>Castor</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white

crystalline substance obtained from castoreum.</def>



<hw>Cas"tor oil</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A mild cathartic oil,

expressed or extracted from the seeds of the <spn>Ricinus

communis</spn>, or <spn>Palma Christi</spn>. When fresh the oil

is inodorus and insipid.</def>



<cs><col>Castor-oil plant</col>. <cd>Same as <er>Palma

Christi</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cas`tra*me*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>castram\'82tation</ets>, <ets>fr</ets>. <ets>L</ets>.

<ets>castra</ets> camp + <ets>metari</ets> to measure off, fr.

<ets>meta</ets> limit.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The art or

act of encamping; the making or laying out of a camp.</def>



<hw>Cas"trate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Castrated</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Castrating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>castrarus</ets>, p; p. of <ets>castrare</ets> to castrate,

asin to Skr. <ets>\'87astra</ets> knife.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To deprive of the testicles; to emasculate; to geld; to

alter.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cut or take out; esp. to remove anything

erroneous, or objectionable from, as the obscene parts of a

writing; to expurgate.</def>



<q>My . . . correspondent . . . has sent me the following letter,

which I have <qex>castrated</qex> in some places.</q>

<qau>Spectator.</qau>



<hw>Cas*tra"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>castratio</ets>; cf. F. <ets>castration</ets>.]</ety>

<def>The act of castrating.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cas*tra"to</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

properly p. p. of <ets>castrare</ets>. See

<er>Castrate</er>.]</ety> <def>A male person castrated for the

purpose of improving his voice for singing; an artificial, or

male, soprano.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>Cas"trel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>cr\'82cerelle</ets>, <ets>cristel</ets>, OF.

<ets>crecel</ets>, <ets>cercele</ets>. Cf.

<er>Kestrel</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See

<er>Kestrel</er>.</def>



<hw>Cas*tren"sial</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>castrensis</ets>, fr. <ets>castra</ets> camp.]</ety>

<def>Belonging to a camp.</def>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Cas*tren"sian</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Castrensial.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Cast" steel"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>See <cref>Cast

steel</cref>, under <er>Steel</er>.</def>



<hw>Cas"u*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>casuel</ets>, F. <ets>casuel</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>casualis</ets>, fr. <ets>casus</ets> fall, accident, fr.

<ets>cadere</ets> to fall. See <er>Case</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Happening or coming to pass without design, and without

being foreseen or expected; accidental; fortuitous; coming by

chance.</def>



<q><qex>Casual</qex> breaks, in the general system.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Coming without regularity; occasional;

incidental; <as>as, <ex>casual</ex> expenses</as>.</def>



<q>A constant habit, rather than a <qex>casual</qex> gesture.</q>

<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Accidental; fortutious; incidental; occasional;

contingent; unforeseen. See <er>Accidental</er>.</syn>



<hw>Cas"u*al</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who receives relief for

a night in a parish to which he does not belong; a vagrant.</def>



<hw>Cas"u*al*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

doctrine that all things exist or are controlled by chance.</def>



<hw>Cas"u*al*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who believes in

casualism.</def>



<hw>Cas"u*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Without design;

accidentally; fortuitously; by chance; occasionally.</def>



<hw>Cas"u*al*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

casual.</def>



<hw>Cas"u*al*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Casualties</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[F.

<ets>casualit\'82</ets>, LL. <ets>casualitas</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>That which comes without design or without being

foreseen; contingency.</def>



<q>Losses that befall them by mere <qex>casualty</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Raleigh.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any injury of the body from accident; hence,

death, or other misfortune, occasioned by an accident; <as>as, an

unhappy <ex>casualty</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Mil. & Naval)</fld>

<def>Numerical loss caused by death, wounds, discharge, or

desertion.</def>



<cs><col>Casualty ward</col>, <cd>A ward in a hospital devoted to

the treatment of injuries received by accident.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Accident; contingency; fortuity; misfortune.</syn>



<hw>\'d8Cas`u*a*ri"na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

supposed to be named from the resemblance of the twigs to the

feathers of the cassowary, of the genus

<ets>Casuarius</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of

leafles trees or shrubs, with drooping branchlets of a rushlike

appearance, mostly natives of Australia. Some of them are large,

producing hard and heavy timber of excellent quality, called

<xex>beefwood</xex> from its color.</def>



<hw>Cas"u*ist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>casus</ets> fall, case; cf. F. <ets>casuiste</ets>. See

<er>Casual</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is skilled in, or given to,

casuistry.</def>



<q>The judment of any <qex>casuist</qex> or learned divine

concerning the state of a man's soul, is not sufficient to give

him confidence.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<hw>Cas"u*ist</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To play the

casuist.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cas`u*is"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Cas`u*is"tie*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Of or pertaining to casuists or casuistry.</def>



<hw>Cas"u*ist*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The science or doctrine of dealing with cases of conscience,

of resolving questions of right or wrong in conduct, or

determining the lawfulness or unlawfulness of what a man may do

by rules and principles drawn from the Scriptures, from the laws

of society or the church, or from equity and natural reason; the

application of general moral rules to particular cases.</def>



<q>The consideration of these nice and puzzling question in the

science of ethics has given rise, in modern times, to a

particular department of it, distinguished by the title of

<qex>casuistry</qex>.</q>

<qau>Stewart.</qau>



<q><qex>Casuistry</qex> in the science of cases (i.e., oblique

deflections from the general rule).</q>

<qau>De Quincey.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Sophistical, equivocal, or false reasoning or

teaching in regard to duties, obligations, and morals.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ca"sus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.]</ety>

<def>An event; an occurrence; an occasion; a combination of

circumstances; a case; an act of God. See the Note under

<er>Accident</er>.</def>



<cs><col>Casus belli</col>, <cd>an event or combination of events

which is a cause war, or may be alleged as a justification of

war.</cd> -- <col>Casus fortuitus</col>, <cd>an accident against

which due prudence could not have provided. See <cref>Act of

God</cref>, under <er>Act</er>.</cd> -- <col>Casus omissus</col>,

<cd>a case not provided for by the statute.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>cat</ets>; akin to D. & Dan. <ets>kat</ets>, Sw.

<ets>kett</ets>, Icel. <ets>k\'94ttr</ets>, G. <ets>katze</ets>,

<ets>kater</ets>, Ir. <ets>Cat</ets>, W. <ets>cath</ets>, Armor.

<ets>kaz</ets>, LL. <ets>catus</ets>, Bisc. catua, NGr <?/, <?/,

Russ. & Pol. <ets>cot</ets>, Turk. <ets>kedi</ets>, Ar.

<ets>qitt</ets>; of unknown origin. CF. <er>Ketten</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An animal of various

species of the genera <spn>Felis</spn> and <spn>Lynx</spn>. The

domestic cat is <spn>Felis domestica</spn>. The European wild cat

(<spn>Felis catus</spn>) is much larger than the domestic cat. In

the United States the name <xex>wild cat</xex> is commonly

applied to the bay lynx (<spn>Lynx rufus</spn>) See <er>Wild

cat</er>, and <er>Tiger cat</er>.</def>



<note><hand/ The domestic cat includes many varieties named from

their place of origin or from some peculiarity; as, the

<xex>Angora cat</xex>; the <xex>Maltese cat</xex>; the <xex>Manx

cat</xex>.</note>



<note>The word <xex>cat</xex> is also used to designate other

animals, from some fancied resemblance; as, civet <xex>cat</xex>,

fisher <xex>cat</xex>, <xex>cat</xex>bird, <xex>cat</xex>fish

shark, sea <xex>cat</xex>.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A strong vessel

with a narrow stern, projecting quarters, and deep waist. It is

employed in the coal and timber trade.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A

strong tackle used to draw an anchor up to the cathead of a

ship.</def>



<au>Totten.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A double tripod (for holding a plate, etc.),

having six feet, of which three rest on the ground, in whatever

position in is placed.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>An old game; <sd>(a)</sd> The game of tipcat and

the implement with which it is played. See <er>Tipcat</er>.

<sd>(c)</sd> A game of ball, called, according to the number of

batters, <xex>one old cat</xex>, <xex>two old cat</xex>,

etc.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A cat o' nine tails. See below.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Angora cat</col>, <col>blind cat</col></mcol>,

<cd>See under <er>Angora</er>, <er>Blind</er>.</cd> -- <col>Black

cat</col> <cd>the fisher. See under <er>Black</er>.</cd> --

<col>Cat and dog</col>, <cd>like a cat and dog; quarrelsome;

inharmonius.</cd>  \'bdI am sure we have lived a <xex>cat and

dog<xex> life of it.\'b8 <au>Coleridge</au>. -- <col>Cat

block</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a heavy iron-strapped block

with a large hook, part of the tackle used in drawing an anchor

up to the cathead.</cd> -- <col>Cat hook</col>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a strong hook attached to a cat

block.</cd> -- <col>Cat nap</col>, <cd>a very short sleep.</cd>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>Cat o' nine tails</col>, <cd>an

instrument of punishment consisting of nine pieces of knotted

line or cord fastened to a handle; -- formerly used to flog

offenders on the bare back.</cd> -- <col>Cat's cradle</col>,

<cd>game played, esp. by children, with a string looped on the

fingers so, as to resemble small cradle. The string is

transferred from the fingers of one to those of another, at each

transfer with a change of form. See <er>Cratch</er>, <er>Cratch

cradle</er>.</cd> -- <col>To let the cat out of the bag</col>,

<cd>to tell a secret, carelessly or willfully.</cd>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>Bush cat</col>, <cd>the serval.

See <er>Serval</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp.

& p. p.</pos> <er>tted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Catting</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To bring

to the cathead; <as>as, to <ex>cat</ex> an anchor</as>. See

<er>Anchor</er>.</def>



<au>Totten.</au>



<hw>Cat"a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[Gr. <grk>kata`</grk>.]</ety>

<def>The Latin and English form of a Greek preposition, used as a

prefix to signify <xex>down</xex>, <xex>downward</xex>,

<xex>under</xex>, <xex>against</xex>, <xex>contrary</xex> or

<xex>opposed to</xex>, <xex>wholly</xex>, <xex>completely</xex>;

as in <xex>cata</xex>clysm, <xex>cata</xex>rrh. It sometimes

drops the final vowel, as in <xex>cato</xex>ptric; and is

sometimes changed to <xex>cath</xex>, as in <xex>cath</xex>artic,

<xex>cath</xex>olic.</def>



<hw>Cat`a*bap"tist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>cata + aptist</ets>. See <er>Baptist</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>One who opposes baptism, especially of

infants.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Featley.</au>



<hw>\'d8Cat`a*ba"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A vault under altar of a Greek

church.</def>



<hw>Cat`a*bi*ot"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Aee

under <er>Force</er>.</def>



<hw>Cat`a*caus"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>cata + caustic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld>

<def>Relating to, or having the properties of, a caustic curve

formed by reflection. See <er>Caustic</er>, <pos>a.</pos></def>



<au>Nichol.</au>



<hw>Cat`a*caus"tic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Physics)</fld>

<def>A caustic curve formed by reflection of light.</def>



<au>Nichol.</au>



<hw>Cat`a*chre"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. fr.

Gr. <?/ misuse, fr. <?/ to misuse; <?/ against + <?/ to

use.]</ety> <fld>(Rhel.)</fld> <def>A figure by which one word is

wrongly put for another, or by which a word is wrested from its

true signification; <as>as, \'bdTo take arms against a sea of

troubles</as>.</def>  \'b8 <au>Shak</au>. \'bdHer voice was but

the shadow of a sound.\'b8 <au>Young</au>.



<mhw>{ <hw>Cat`a*chres"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Cat"a*chres"tic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Belonging to, or in the manner of, a catachresis; wrested

from its natural sense or form; forced; far-fatched.</def>



-- <wordforms><wf>Cat`a*chres"tic*al*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<q>[A] <qex>catachrestical</qex> and improper way of

speaking.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<hw>Cat"a*clysm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cataclysmos</ets>, Gr. <?/, from <?/ to dash over, inundate;

<?/ downward, against + <?/ to wash or dash or over: cf. F.

<ets>cataclysme</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An extensive

overflow or sweeping flood of water; a deluge.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Any violent catastrophe,

involving sudden and extensive changes of the earth's

surface.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cat`a*clys"mal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Cat"a*clys"mic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Of or pertaining to a cataclysm.</def>



<hw>Cat`a*clys"mist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

believes that the most important geological phenomena have been

produced by cataclysms.</def>



<hw>Cat"a*comb</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.

<ets>catacomba</ets>, fr. L. <ets>catacumba</ets> perh. from Gr.

<?/ downward, down + <?/ cavity.]</ety> <def>A cave, grotto, or

subterraneous place of large extent used for the burial of the

dead; -- commonly in the plural.</def>



<note><hand/ The terms is supposed to have been applied

originally to the tombs under the church of St. Sebastain in

Rome. The most celebrated catacombs are those near Rome, on the

Appian Way, supposed to have been the place or refuge and

interment of the early Chrictians; those of Egypt, extending for

a wide distance in the vicinity of Cairo; and those of Paris, in

abandoned stone quarries, excavated under a large portion of the

city.</note>



<hw>Cat`a*cous"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>cata</ets> _ <ets>acoustics</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>caraconstique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>That

part of acoustics which treats of reflected sounds or echoes See

<er>Acoustics</er>.</def>



<au>Hutton.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cat`a*di*op"tric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Cat`a*di*op"tric*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>cata + dioptric</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>catadioptrique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld>

<def>Pertaining to, produced by, or involving, both the

reflection and refraction of light; <as>as, a

<ex>catadioptric</ex> light</as>.</def>



<au>Hutton.</au>



<hw>Cat`a*di*op"trics</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

science which treats of catadioptric phenomena, or of the used of

catadioptric instruments.</def>



<hw>Cat"a*drome</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

race course; <?/ down + <?/ course.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

race course.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A machine for raising or

lowering heavy weights.</def>



<hw>Ca*tad"ro*mous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

down + <?/ a running.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Having the lowest inferior segment of a pinna nearer the

rachis than the lowest superior one; -- said of a mode of

branching in ferns, and opposed to <xex>anadromous</xex>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Living in fresh water, and

going to the sea to spawn; -- opposed to <xex>anadromous</xex>,

and of the eel.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cat`a*fal"co</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[It.]</ety> <def>See <er>Catafalque</er>.</def>



<hw>Cat"a*falque`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.

It. <ets>catafalco</ets>, scaffold, funeral canopy; of uncertain

origin; cf. Sp. <ets>catafalso</ets>, <ets>cadahalso</ets>,

<ets>cadalso</ets>, Pr. <ets>casafalc</ets>, OF.

<ets>chafaut</ets>. Cf. <er>Scaffold</er>.]</ety> <def>A

temporary structure sometimes used in the funeral solemnities of

eminent persons, for the public exhibition of the remains, or

their conveyance to the place of burial.</def>



<hw>Cat`*ag*mat"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

fracture, fr. <?/ to break in places; <?/ down + <?/ to break'

cf. F. <ets>catagmatique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>Having the quality of consolidating broken bones.</def>



<hw>Ca*ta"ian</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A native of

Cathay or China; a foreigner; -- formerly a term of

reproach.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Cat"a*lan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Catalonia.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A

native or inbabitant of Catalonia; also, the language of

Catalonia.</def></def2>



<cs><mcol><col>Catalan furnace</col>, <col>Catalan

forge</col></mcol> <fld>(Metal.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of furnace for

producing wrought iron directly from the ore. It was formerly

much used, esp. in Catalonia, and is still used in some parts of

the United States and elsewhere.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cat`a*lec"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>catalecticus</ets>, Gr.<?/ incomplete, fr. <?/ to leave off;

<?/ down, wholly + <?/ to stop.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>Wanting a syllable at the end, or

terminating in an imperfect foot; <as>as, a <ex>catalectic</ex>

verse</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Photog. & Chem.)</fld> <def>Incomplete;

partial; not affecting the whole of a substance.</def>



<au>Abney.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cat"a*lep`sy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>\'d8Cat`a*lep"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL. <ets>catalepsis</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ a seizure, fr. <?/

to seize upon; <?/ down + <?/ to take, seize.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A sudden suspension of sensation and

volition, the body and limbs preserving the position that may be

given them, while the action of the heart and lungs

continues.</def>



<hw>Cat`a*lep"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, catalepsy;

affected with catalepsy; <as>as, a <ex>cataleptic</ex>

fit</as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cat`al*lac"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl.</plu> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/. See

<er>Catallactics</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

division of Protozoa, of which <spn>Magosph\'91ra</spn> is the

type. They exist both in a myxopod state, with branched

pseudopodia, and in the form of ciliated bodies united in free,

spherical colonies.</def>



<hw>Cat`al*lac"tics</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

to exchange; <?/ wholly + <?/ to change.]</ety> <def>The science

of exchanges, a branch of political economy.</def>



<hw>Cat"a*log</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & v.</pos>

<def>Catalogue.</def>



<hw>Cat"a*lo*gize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

insert in a catalogue; to register; to catalogue.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Coles.</au>



<hw>Cat"a*logue</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.

<ets>catalogus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ a counting up, list, fr. <?/ to

count up; <?/ down, completely + <?/ to say.]</ety> <def>A list

or enumeration of names, or articles arranged methodically, often

in alphabetical order; <as>as, a <ex>catalogue</ex> of the

students of a college, or of books, or of the stars</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Card catalogue</col>, <cd>a catalogue, as of books,

having each item entered on a separate card, and the cards

arranged in cases by subjects, or authors, or

alphabetically.</cd> -- <col>Catalogue raisonn\'82</col>

<pr>(?)</pr> <ety>[F.]</ety>, <cd>a catalogue of books, etc.,

classed according to their subjects.</cd></cs>



<hw>Syn. -- List; roll; index; schedule; enumeration; inventory.

See <er>List</er>.</syn>



<hw>Cat"a*logue</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Catalogued</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Cataloguing</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To

make a list or catalogue; to insert in a catalogue.</def>



<hw>Cat"a*log`uer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A maker

of catalogues; esp. one skilled in the making of

catalogues.</def>



<hw>Ca*tal"pa</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From the

language of the Indians of Carolina, where Catesby discovered

this tree in the year 1726.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus

of American and East Indian trees, of which the best know species

are the <spn>Catalpa bignonioides</spn>, a large, ornamental

North American tree, with spotted white flowers and long

cylindrical pods, and the <spn>C. speciosa</spn>, of the

Mississipi valley; -- called also <altname>Indian

bean</altname>.</def>



<hw>Ca*tal"y*sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Catalyse</plw>.</plu> <pr>(#)</pr> <ety>[ML., fr. Gr. <?/

dissolution, fr. <?/ to destroy, dissolve; <?/ down, wholly + <?/

to loose.]</ety> 



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Dissolution; degeneration; decay.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Sad <qex>catalysis</qex> and declension of piety.</q>

<qau>Evelyn.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A process by

which reaction occurs in the presence of certain agents which

were formerly believed to exert an influence by mere contact. It

is now believed that such reactions are attended with the

formation of an intermediate compound or compounds, so that by

alternate composition and decomposition the agent is apparenty

left unchanged; <as>as, the <ex>catalysis</ex> of making ether

from alcohol by means of sulphuric acid; or <ex>catalysis</ex> in

the action of soluble ferments (as diastase, or ptyalin) on

starch.</as></def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The catalytic force.</def>



<hw>Cat`a*ly"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Relating

to, or causing, catalysis.</def> \'bdThe <xex>catalytic</xex>

power is ill understood.\'b8



<au>Ure.</au>



<cs><col>Catalytic force</col>, <cd>that form of chemical energy

formerly supposed to determine catalysis.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cat`a*lyt"ic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An

agent employed in catalysis, as platinum black, aluminium

chloride, etc.</def>



<hw>Cat`a*ma*ran"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[The native East

Indian name.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A kind of raft or float,

consisting of two or more logs or pieces of wood lashed together,

and moved by paddles or sail; -- used as a surf boat and for

other purposes on the coasts of the East and West Indies and

South America. Modified forms are much used in the lumber regions

of North America, and at life-saving stations.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any vessel with twin hulls, whether propelled by

sails or by steam; esp., one of a class of double-hulled pleasure

boats remarkable for speed.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A kind of fire raft or torpedo bat.</def>



<q>The incendiary rafts prepared by Sir Sidney Smith for

destroying the French flotilla at Boulogne, 1804, were called

<qex>catamarans</qex>.</q>

<qau>Knight.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A quarrelsome woman; a scold.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Cat`a*me"nia</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The monthly

courses of women; menstrual discharges; menses.</def>



<hw>Cat`a*me"ni*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

monthly; <?/ down, back, again + <?/ month.]</ety>

<def>Pertaining to the catamenia, or menstrual discharges.</def>



<hw>Cat"a*mite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Catamitus</ets>, an old form of <ets>Ganymedes</ets>

Ganymede, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A boy kept for unnatural

purposes.</def>



<hw>Cat"a*mount</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cat</ets> + <ets>mount</ets>; cf. Sp. <ets>gato

mentes</ets> mountain cat.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The

cougar. Applied also, in some parts of the United States, to the

lynx.</def>



<hw>Cat"a*nad`ro*mous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ down + <?/ up + a <?/ running, course.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Ascending and descending fresh streams

from and to the sea, as the salmon; anadromous.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Cat"a*pasm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

fr. <?/ to besprinkle; <?/ down, wholly + <?/ to strew, or

sprinkle.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A compound medicinal

powder, used by the ancients to sprinkle on ulcers, to absorb

perspiration, etc.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>Cat`a*pel"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to a catapult.</def>



<hw>Cat`a*pet"al*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>cata + petalous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having

the petals held together by stamens, which grow to their bases,

as in the mallow.</def>



<hw>Cat`a*phon"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

relating to cataphonics; catacoustic.</def>



<hw>Cat`a*phon"ics</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>cata + phonic</ets>: cf. F. <ets>cataphonique</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>That branch of acoustics which treats

of reflested sounds; catacoustics.</def>



<hw>Cat"a*phract</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cataphractes</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ covered, fr. <?/ to

cover; <?/ down, wholly + <?/ to inclose.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Mil. Antiq.)</fld> <def>Defensive armor used

for the whole body and often for the horse, also, esp. the linked

mail or scale armor of some eastern nations.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A horseman covered with a cataphract.</def>



<q>Archers and slingers, <qex>cataphracts</qex>, and spears.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The armor or plate

covering some fishes.</def>



<hw>Cat"a*phract`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Covered with a cataphract, or armor of

plates, scales, etc.; or with that which corresponds to this, as

horny or bony plates, hard, callous skin, etc.</def>



<hw>Cat`a*phrac"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of,

pertaining to, or resembling, a cataphract.</def>



<hw>Cat`a*phys"ic*al</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>cata +

physical</ets>.]</ety> <def>Unnatural; contrary to nature.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Some artists . . . have given to Sir Walter Scott a pile of

forehead which is unpleassing and <qex>cataphysical</qex>.</q>

<qau>De Quincey.</qau>



<hw>Cat"a*plasm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cataplasma</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to spread over; <?/ down,

wholly + <?/ to form, mold.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A soft

and moist substance applied externally to some part of the body;

a poultice.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>Cat"a*puce</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Spurge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Cat"a*pult</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>catapulta</ets>, Gr. <?/, prob. from <?/ down + <?/ to

shake, hurl.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Mil. Antiq.)</fld> <def>An engine somewhat

resembling a massive crossbow, used by the ancient Greeks and

Romans for throwing stones, arrows, spears, etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A forked stick with elasti band for throwing

small stones, etc.</def>



<hw>Cat"a*ract</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cataracta</ets>, <ets>catarracles</ets>, a waterfall, Gr.

<?/, <?/, fr. <?/ to break down; in the passive, to fall or rush

down (of tumors) to burst; <?/ down + <?/ to break.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A great fall of water over a precipice; a large

waterfall.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>An opacity of the crystalline

lens, or of its capsule, which prevents the passage of the rays

of light and impairs or destroys the sight.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A kind of hydraulic brake for

regulating the action of pumping engines and other machines; --

sometimes called <xex>dashpot</xex>.</def>



<hw>Cat`a*rac"tous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of the

nature of a cataract in the eye; affected with cataract.</def>



<hw>Ca*tarrh"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>catarrhus</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/, a running down, rheum, fr.

<?/; <?/ down + <?/ to flow. See <er>Stream</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An inflammatory affection of any mucous

membrane, in which there are congestion, swelling, and an

altertion in the quantity and quality of mucus secreted; as

<xex>catarrh</xex> of the stomach; <xex>catarrh</xex> of the

bladder.</def>



<note><hand/ In America, the term <xex>catarrh</xex> is applied

especially to a chronic inflammation of, and hypersecretion fron,

the membranes of the nose or air passages; in England, to an

acute influenza, resulting a cold, and attended with cough,

thirst, lassitude, and watery eyes; also, to the cold

itself.</note>



<hw>Ca*tarrh"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining

to, produced by, or attending, catarrh; of the nature of

catarrh.</def>



<hw>Cat"ar*rhine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

with hanging or curved nose; <?/ + <?/, <?/ nose.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the <xex>Catarrhina</xex>, a

division of Quadrumana, including the Old World monkeys and apes

which have the nostrils close together and turned downward. See

<er>Monkey</er>.</def>



<hw>Ca*tarrh"ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Catarrhal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Cat`a*stal"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/, fr. <?/ to check; <?/ down, wholy + <?/ to set.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Checking evacutions through astringent or

styptic qualities.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ca*tas"ta*sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to set; <?/ down + <?/ to place.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>That part of a speech,

usually the exordium, in which the orator sets forth the subject

matter to be discussed.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The state, or condition of

anything; constitution; habit of body.</def>



<hw>Ca*tas"ter*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/, fr. <?/ to place among the stars.]</ety> <def>A placing

among the stars; a catalogue of stars.</def>



<q>The <qex>catasterisms</qex> of Eratosthenes.</q>

<qau>Whewell.</qau>



<hw>Ca*tas"tro*phe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>catastropha</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to turn up and down, to

overturn; <?/ down + <?/ to turn.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An

event producing a subversion of the order or system of things; a

final event, usually of a calamitous or disastrous nature; hence,

sudden calamity; great misfortune.</def>



<q>The strange <qex>catastrophe</qex> of affairs now at

London.</q>

<qau>Bp. Buret.</qau>



<q>The most horrible and portentous <qex>catastrophe</qex> that

nature ever yet saw.</q>

<qau>Woodward.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The final event in a romance or a dramatic

piece; a denouement, as a death in a tragedy, or a marriage in a

comedy.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A violent and widely extended

change in the surface of the earth, <as>as, an elevation or

subsidence of some part of it, effected by internal

causes</as>.</def>



<au>Whewell.</au>



<hw>Cat`a*stroph"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of a

pertaining to a catastrophe.</def>



<au>B. Powell.</au>



<hw>Ca*tas"tro*phism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The doctrine that the geological changes

in the earth's crust have been caused by the sudden action of

violent physical causes; -- opposed to the doctrine of

<xex>uniformism</xex>.</def>



<hw>Ca*tas"tro*phist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>One who holds the theory or

catastrophism.</def>



<hw>Ca*taw"ba</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

well known light red variety of American grape.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A light-colored, sprightly American wine from

the Catawba grape.</def>



<hw>Ca*taw"bas</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos><def>;

<xex>sing</xex>. <er>Catawba</er>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> An

appalachian tribe of Indians which originally inhabited the

regions near the Catawba river and the head waters of the

Santee.</def>



<hw>Cat"bird</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An American bird (<spn>Galeoscoptes

Carolinensis</spn>), allied to the mocking bird, and like it

capable of imitating the notes of other birds, but less

perfectly. Its note resembles at times the mewing of a cat.</def>



<hw>Cat"boat`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<def>A small sailboat, with a single mast placed as far forward

as possible, carring a sail extended by a graff and long boom.

See <xex>Illustration</xex> in Appendix.</def>



<hw>Cat"call`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A sound like

the cry of a cat, such as is made in playhouses to express

dissatisfaction with a play; also, a small shrill instrument for

making such a noise.</def>



<q>Upon the rising of the curtain. I was very much surprised with

the great consort of <qex>catcalls</qex> which was exhibited.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<hw>Catch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Caught</er> <pr>(?)</pr>

<or/ <er>Catched</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Catching</er>. <xex>Catched</xex> is rarely

used.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>cacchen</ets>, OF.

<ets>cachier</ets>, dialectic form of <ets>chacier</ets> to hunt,

F. <ets>chasser</ets>, fr. (assumend) LL. <ets>captiare</ets>,

for L. <ets>capture</ets>, V. intens. of <ets>capere</ets> to

take, catch. See <er>Capacious</er>, and cf. <er>Chase</er>,

<er>Case</er> a box.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To lay hold on; to seize, especially with the

hand; to grasp (anything) in motion, with the effect of holding;

<as>as, to <ex>catch</ex> a ball</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To seize after pursuing; to arrest; <as>as, to

<ex>catch</ex> a thief</as>.</def> \'bdThey pursued . . . and

<xex>caught</xex> him.\'b8



<au>Judg. i. 6.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To take captive, as in a snare or net, or on a

hook; <as>as, to <ex>catch</ex> a bird or fish</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Hence: To insnare; to entangle. \'bdTo

<xex>catch</xex> him in his words\'b8.</def>



<au>Mark xii. 13.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To seize with the senses or the mind; to

apprehend; <as>as, to <ex>catch</ex> a melody.</def> \'bdFiery

thoughts</as> . . . whereof I <xex>catch</xex> the issue.\'b8



<au>Tennyson.</au>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To communicate to; to fasten upon; <as>as, the

fire <ex>caught</ex> the adjoining building</as>.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>To engage and attach; to please; to charm.</def>



<q>The soothing arts that <qex>catch</qex> the fair.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>To get possession of; to attain.</def>



<q>Torment myself to <qex>catch</qex> the English throne.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>To take or receive; esp. to take by sympathy,

contagion, infection, or exposure; <as>as, to <ex>catch</ex> the

spirit of an occasion; to <ex>catch</ex> the measles or smallpox;

to <ex>catch</ex> cold; the house <ex>caught</ex>

fire.</as></def>



<sn>10.</sn> <def>To come upon unexpectedly or by surprise; to

find; <as>as, to <ex>catch</ex> one in the act of

stealing</as>.</def>



<sn>11.</sn> <def>To reach in time; to come up with; <as>as, to

<ex>catch</ex> a train</as>.</def>



<cs><col>To catch fire</col>, <cd>to become inflamed or

ignited.</cd> -- <col>to catch it</col> <cd>to get a scolding or

beating; to suffer punishment.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> --

<col>To catch one's eye</col>, <cd>to interrupt captiously while

speaking.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> \'bdYou <xex>catch me

up<xex> so very short.\'b8 <au>Dickens</au>. -- <col>To catch

up</col>, <cd>to snatch; to take up suddenly.</cd></cs>



<hw>Catch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

attain possession.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Have is have, however men do <qex>catch</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be held or impeded by entanglement or a light

obstruction; <as>as, a kite <ex>catches</ex> in a tree; a door

<ex>catches</ex> so as not to open.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To take hold; <as>as, the bolt does not

<ex>catch</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To spread by, or as by, infecting; to

communicate.</def>



<q>Does the sedition <qex>catch</qex> from man to man?</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<cs><col>To catch at</col>, <cd>to attempt to seize; to be egger

to get or use. \'bd[To] <xex>catch at<xex> all opportunities of

subverting the state.\'b8 <au>Addison</au>.</cd> -- <col>To catch

up with</col>, <cd>to come up with; to overtake.</cd></cs>



<hw>Catch</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Act of seizing; a

grasp.</def>



<au>Sir P. Sidney.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That by which anything is caught or temporarily

fastened; <as>as, the <ex>catch</ex> of a gate</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The posture of seizing; a state of preparation

to lay hold of, or of watching he opportunity to seize; <as>as,

to lie on the <ex>catch</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Addison.</au>



<q>The common and the canon law . . . lie at <qex>catch</qex>,

and wait advantages one againt another.</q>

<qau>T. Fuller.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>That which is caught or taken; profit; gain;

especially, the whole quantity caught or taken at one time;

<as>as, a good <ex>catch</ex> of fish</as>.</def>



<q>Hector shall have a great <qex>catch</qex> if he knock out

either of your brains.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Something desirable to be caught, esp. a husband

or wife in matrimony.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<au>Marryat.</au>



<sn>6.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Passing opportunities seized;

snatches.</def>



<q>It has been writ by <qex>catches</qex> with many

intervals.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>A slight remembrance; a trace.</def>



<q>We retain a <qex>catch</qex> of those pretty stories.</q>

<qau>Glanvill.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A humorous canon or round, so

contrived that the singers catch up each other's words.</def>



<hw>Catch"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of

being caught.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Catch"-ba`sin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A cistern

or vault at the point where a street gutter discharges into a

sewer, to oatch bulky matters which would not pass readly

throught the sewer.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Catch"drain`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A dich or

drain along the side of a hill to catch the surface water; also,

a ditch at the side of a canal to catch the surplus water.</def>



<hw>Catch"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who, or that which, catches.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Baseball)</fld> <def>The player who stands

behind the batsman to catch the ball.</def>



<hw>Catch"fly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A plant with the joints of the stem, and sometimes other

parts, covered with a viscid secretion to which small insects

adhere. The species of <xex>Silene</xex> are examples of the

catchfly.</def>



<hw>Catch"ing</hw> <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Infections;

contagious.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Captavating; alluring.</def>



<hw>Catch"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of seizing or

taking hold of</def>



<cs><col>Catching bargain</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a bargain

made with an heir expectant for the purchase of his expectancy at

an inadequate price.</cd>



<au>Bouvier.</au>

</cs>



<hw>Catch"-mead`ow</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>meadow

irrigated by water from a spring or rivulet on the side of

hill.</def>



<hw>Catch"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A surface of

ground on which water may be caught and collected into a

reservoir.</def>



<hw>Catch"pen*ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Made or

contrived for getting small sums of money from the ignorant or

unwary; <as>as, a <ex>catchpenny</ex> book; a <ex>catchpenny</ex>

show.</as></def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>Some worthless

catchpenny thing.</def></def2>



<hw>Catch"poll`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>chacepol</ets>, <ets>chacipol</ets>.]</ety> <def>A bailiff's

assistant.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Catch"up</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Cat"sup</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Probably of East Indian

origin, because it was originally a kind of East Indian

pickles.]</ety> <def>A table sauce made from mushrooms, tomatoes,

walnuts, etc.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>ketchup</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Catch"wa`ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A ditch or

drain for catching water. See <er>Catchdrain</er>.</def>



<hw>Catch"weed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Cleavers</er>.</def>



<hw>Catch"weight`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<fld>(Horseracing)</fld> <def>Without any additional weight;

without being handicapped; <as>as, to ride

<ex>catchweight</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Catch"word`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Among theatrical performers, the last word of the preceding

speaker, which reminds one that he is to speak next; cue.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>The first word of any page

of a book after the first, inserted at the right hand bottom

corner of the preceding page for the assistance of the reader. It

is seldom used in modern printing.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A word or phrase caught up and repeated for

effect; <as>as, the <ex>catchword</ex> of a political party,

etc.</as></def>



<hw>Catch"work`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A work or

artificial watercourse for throwing water on lands that lie on

the slopes of hills; a catchdrain.</def>



<hw>Cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Food.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Cates</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cat`e*chet"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Cat`e*chet"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/. See <er>Catechise</er>.]</ety> <def>Relating to or

consisting in, asking questions and receiving answers, according

to the ancient manner of teaching.</def>



<q>Socrates introduced a <qex>catechetical</qex> method of

arguing.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<hw>Cat`e*chet"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

catechetical manner; by question and answer.</def>



<hw>Cat`e*chet"ics</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

science or practice of instructing by questions and

answers.</def>



<hw>Cat"e*chin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of the tannic acids, extracted from

catechu as a white, crystaline substance; -- called also

<altname>catechuic acid</altname>, and

<altname>catechuin</altname>.</def>



<hw>Cat`e*chi*sa"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>catechizatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of

catechising.</def>



<hw>Cat"e*chise</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Catechised</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Catechising</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>catechizare</ets>, Gr. <?/, equiv. to <?/ to resound, sound

a thing into one's ears, impress it upon one by word of mouth;

<?/ + <?/ to sound, <?/ a sound.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To instruct by asking questions, receiving

answeres, and offering explanations and corrections, -- esp. in

regard to points of religious faith.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To question or interrogate; to examine or try by

questions; -- sometimes with a view to reproof, by eliciting from

a person answers which condemn his own conduct.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<-- p. 227 -->



<hw>Cat"e*chi`ser</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

catechises.</def>



<hw>Cat"e*chism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>catechismus</ets>, fr. Gr. See <er>Catechise</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A form of instruction by means of questions

answers.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A book containing a summary of principles,

especially of religious doctrine, reduced to the form of

questions and answers.</def>



<q>The Jews, even till this day, have their

<qex>catechisms</qex>.</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<cs><mcol><col>The Larger Catechism</col>, <col>The Shorter

Catechism</col></mcol>. <cd>See <cref>Westminster

Assembly</cref>, under <er>Assembly</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cat`e*chis"mal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to a catechism, having the form of questions and

answers; catechical.</def>



<hw>Cat"e*chist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>catechista</ets>, fr. Gr.]</ety> <def>One who instructs by

question and answer, especially in religions matters.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cat`e*chis"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Cat`e*chis"tic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Of or pertaining to a catechist or to a catechism.</def>



<au>Dr. H. More.</au>



<hw>Cat"e*chize</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>See

<er>Catechise</er>.</def>



<hw>Cat"e*chu</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Cashoo</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A dry, brown,

astringent extract, obtained by decoction and evaporation from

the <xex>Acacia catechu</xex>, and several other plants growing

in India. It contains a large portion of tannin or tannic acid,

and is used in medicine and in the arts. It is also known by the

names <xex>terra japonica</xex>, <xex>cutch</xex>,

<xex>gambier</xex>, etc.</def>



<au>Ure. Dunglison.</au>



<hw>Cat`e*chu"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to catechu or its derivatives. See

<er>catechin</er>.</def>



<hw>Cat"e*chu`men</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<pos>L.

catechunenus, Gr. <?/ instructed, from <?/. See</pos>

<er>Catechise</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>One who is

receiving rudimentary instruction in the doctrines of

Christianity; a neophyte; in the primitive church, one officially

recognized as a Christian, and admitted to instruction

preliminary to admission to full membership in the church.</def>



<hw>Cat`e*chu"men*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

state or condition of a catechumen or the time during which one

is a catechumen.</def>



<hw>Cat`e*chu*men"i*cal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of

or pertaining to catechumens; <as>as, <ex>catechumenical</ex>

instructions</as>.</def>



<hw>Cat`e*chu"men*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

catechumen.</def>



<au>Bp. Morton.</au>



<hw>Cat`e*gor`e*mat"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ predicate. See <er>Category</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Logic.)</fld>

<def>Capable of being employed by itself as a term; -- said of a

word.</def>



<hw>Cat`e*gor"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Of or pertaining to a category.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not hypothetical or relative; admitting no

conditions or exceptions; declarative; absolute; positive;

express; <as>as, a <ex>categorical</ex> proposition, or

answer</as>.</def>



<q>The scriptures by a multitude of <qex>categorical</qex> and

intelligible decisions . . . distinguish between the things seen

and temporal and those that are unseen and eternal.</q>



<au>I. Taylor.</au>



<hw>Cat`e*gor"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Absolutely;

directly; expressly; positively; <as>as, to affirm

<ex>categorically</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Cat`e*gor"ic*al*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of

being categorical, positive, or absolute.</def>



<au>A. Marvell.</au>



<hw>Cat"e*go*rist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

inserts in a category or list; one who classifies.</def>



<au>Emerson.</au>



<hw>Cat"e*go*rize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

insert in a category or list; to class; to catalogue.</def>



<hw>Cat"e*go*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.</plu>

<plw>Categories</plw> <pr>(#)</pr> <ety>[L. <ets>categoria</ets>,

Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to accuse, affirm, predicate; <?/ down, against

+ <?/ to harrangue, assert, fr. <?/ assembly.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Logic.)</fld> <def>One of the highest classes to which the

objects of knowledge or thought can be reduced, and by which they

can be arranged in a system; an ultimate or undecomposable

conception; a predicament.</def>



<q>The <qex>categories</qex> or predicaments -- the former a

Greek word, the latter its literal translation in the Latin

language -- were intended by Aristotle and his followers as an

enumeration of all things capable of being named; an enumeration

by the <qex>summa genera</qex> i.e., the most extensive classes

into which things could be distributed.</q>

<qau>J. S. Mill.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Class; also, state, condition, or predicament;

<as>as, we are both in the same <ex>category</ex></as>.</def>



<q>There is in modern literature a whole class of writers

standing within the same <qex>category</qex>.</q>

<qau>De Quincey.</qau>



<hw>Cat"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Chattel</er>.]</ety> <def>Property; -- often used by Chaucer

in contrast with <xex>rent</xex>, or <xex>income</xex>.</def>



<q>\'bd<qex>For loss of catel</qex> may recovered be,

But loss of tyme shendeth us,\'b8 quod he.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>Cat`e*lec"trode</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>cata + elecrode</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The

negative electrode or pole of a voltaic battery.</def>



<au>Faraday.</au>



<hw>Cat`e*lec`tro*ton"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Relating to, or characterized by,

catelectrotonus.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cat`e*lec*trot"o*nus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ down + <?/ (see <er>Electro-</er>) + <?/

tone.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The condition of increased

irritability of a nerve in the region of the cathode or negative

electrode, on the passage of a current of electricity through

it.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ca*te"na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Catene</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L., a chain.]</ety>

<def>A chain or series of things connected with each other.</def>



<q>I have . . . in no case sought to construct those

<qex>caten\'91</qex> of games, which it seems now the fashion of

commentators to link together.</q>

<qau>C. J. Ellicott.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cat"e*na*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Cat`e*na"ri*an</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>catenarius</ets>, fr. <ets>catena</ets> a chain. See

<er>Chain</er>.]</ety> <def>Relating to a chain; like a chain;

<as>as, a <er>catenary</er> curve</as>.</def>



<hw>Cat"e*na*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <er>Catenaries</er>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The curve formed by

a rope or chain of uniform density and perfect flexibility,

hanging freely between two points of suspension, not in the same

vertical line.</def>



<hw>Cat"e*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Catenated</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Catenating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>catenatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>catenare</ets>, fr.

<ets>catena</ets> chain. See <er>Chain</er>.]</ety> <def>To

connect, in a series of links or ties; to chain.</def>



<au>E. Darwin.</au>



<hw>Cat`e*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>catenatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Connection of links or union of

parts, as in a chain; a regular or connected series. See

<er>Concatenation</er>.</def>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Ca*ten"u*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>catenuia</ets>, dim. of <ets>catena</ets> chain.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Consisting of little links or chains.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Chainlike; -- said both or

color marks and of indentations when arranged like the links of a

chain, as on shells, etc.</def>



<hw>Ca"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>catour</ets> purchaser, caterer, OF. <ets>acator</ets>, fr.

<ets>acater</ets>, F. <ets>acheter</ets>, to buy, provide, fr.

LL. <ets>accaptare</ets>; L. <ets>ad</ets> + captare to strive,

to seize, intens, of <ets>capere</ets> to take, seize. Cf.

<er>Acater</er>, <er>Capacious</er>.]</ety> <def>A provider; a

purveyor; a caterer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Ca"ter</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Catered</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Catering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From

<er>Cater</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To provide

food; to buy, procure, or prepare provisions.</def>



<q>[He] providently <qex>caters</qex> for the sparrow.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>By extension: To supply what is needed or

desired, at theatrical or musical entertainments; -- followed by

<xex>for</xex> or <xex>to</xex>.</def>



<hw>Ca"ter</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>quatre</ets>

four.]</ety> <def>The four of cards or dice.</def>



<hw>Ca"ter</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cut diagonally.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>Cat"e*ran</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gael.

<ets>ceatharnach</ets>. Cf. <er>Kern</er> Irish foot

soldier.]</ety> <def>A Highland robber: a kind of irregular

soldier.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>Ca"ter-cor"nered</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Cater</er> to cut diagonally.]</ety> <def>Diagonal.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Ca"ter-cous`in</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A remote

relation. See <er>Quater-cousin</er>.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Ca"ter*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

caters.</def>



<q>The little fowls in the air have God for Their provider and

<qex>caterer</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shelton.</qau>



<hw>Ca"ter*ess</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A woman who caters.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Cat"er*pil`lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>catyrpel</ets>, corrupted fr. OF. <ets>chatepelouse</ets>,

or <ets>cate pelue</ets>, fr. <ets>chate</ets>, F.

<ets>chatte</ets>, she-cat, fem. of <ets>chat</ets>, L.

<ets>catus</ets> + L. <ets>pilosus</ets> hairy, or F.

<ets>pelu</ets> hairy, fr. L. <ets>pilus</ets> hair. See

<er>Cat</er>, and <er>Pile</er> hair.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The larval state of a butterfly or any

lepidopterous insect; sometimes, but less commonly, the larval

state of other insects, as the sawflies, which are also called

false caterpillars. The true caterpillars have three pairs of

true legs, and several pairs of abdominal fleshy legs (prolegs)

armed with hooks. Some are hairy, others naked. They usually feed

on leaves, fruit, and succulent vegetables, being often very

destructive, Many of them are popularly called worms, as the

cutworm, cankerworm, army worm, cotton worm, silkworm.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus

<spn>Scorpiurus</spn>, with pods resembling caterpillars.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Caterpillar catcher</col>, <or/ <col>Caterpillar

eater</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bird belonging to

the family of Shrikes, which feeds on caterpillars. The name is

also given to several other birds.</cd> -- <col>Caterpillar

hunter</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of beetles of

the genus <spn>Callosoma</spn> and other allied genera of the

family <spn>Carabid\'91</spn> which feed habitually upon

caterpillars.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cat"er*waul</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Caterwauled</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Caterwauling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[<ets>Cat</ets> +

<ets>waul</ets>, <ets>wawl</ets>, to cry as a cat.]</ety> <def>To

cry as cats in rutting time; to make a harsh, offensive

noise.</def>



<au>Coleridge.</au>



<hw>Cat"er*waul</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A caterwauling.</def>



<hw>Cat"er*waul`ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The cry of cats; a

harsh, disagreeable noise or cry like the cry of cats.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Ca"ter*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Cater</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>The place where

provisions are deposited.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Cates</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Acates</er>, and see <er>Cater</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<def>Provisions; food; viands; especially, luxurious food;

delicacies; dainties.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<q><qex>Cates</qex> for which Apicius could not pay.</q>

<qau>Shurchill.</qau>



<q>Choicest <qex>cates</qex> and the fiagon's best spilth.</q>

<qau>R. Browning.</qau>



<hw>Cat"-eyed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having eyes

like a cat; hence, able to see in the dark.</def>



<hw>Cat"fall`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<def>A rope used in hoisting the anchor to the cathead.</def>



<au>Totten.</au>



<hw>Cat"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A name given in the United States to

various species of siluroid fishes; <as>as, the <ex>yellow

cat</ex> (<ex>Amiurus natalis</ex>); the <ex>bind cat</ex>

(<spn>Gronias nigrilabrus</spn>); the <ex>mud cat</ex>

(<spn>Pilodictic oilwaris</spn>), the <ex>stone cat</ex>

(<spn>Noturus flavus</spn>); the <ex>sea cat</ex> (<spn>Arius

felis</spn>), etc.</as>  This name is also sometimes applied to

the <altname>wolf fish</altname>. See <er>Bullhrad</er>.</def>



<hw>Cat"gut`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cat</ets> + <ets>gut</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

cord of great toughness made from the intestines of animals, esp.

of sheep, used for strings of musical instruments, etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A sort of linen or canvas, with wide

interstices.</def>



<hw>Cath"a*rine wheel`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>See <er>catherine

wheel</er>.</def>



<hw>Cath"a*rist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>catharista</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ clean, pure.]</ety> <def>One

aiming at or pretending to a greater purity of like than others

about him; -- applied to persons of various sects. See

<er>Albigenses</er>.</def>



<hw>Cat"-harp`in</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Cat-harping</er>.</def>



<hw>Cat"-harp`ing</hw> <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>One

of the short ropes or iron cramps used to brace in the shrouds

toward the masts so a to give freer sweep to the yards.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ca*thar"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/. See <er>Cathartic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>A natural or artificial purgation of any passage, as of the

mouth, bowels, etc.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ca*thar"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Ca*thar"ic*al</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to

cleanse, fr. <?/ pure; akin to F. <ets>chaste</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Cleansing the bowels;

promoting evacuations by stool; purgative.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the purgative principle of

senna, as <xex>cathartic</xex> acid.</def>



<hw>Ca*thar"tic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A medicine that promotes alvine

discharges; a purge; a purgative of moderate activity.</def>



<note><hand/ The <xex>cathartics</xex> are more energetic and

certain in action that the <xex>laxatives</xex>, which simply

increase the tendency to alvine evacuation; and less powerful and

irritaint that the <xex>drastic</xex> purges, which cause

profuse, repeated, and watery evacuations.</note>



-- <wordforms><wf>Ca*thar"tic*al*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Ca*thar"tic*al*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>ca*thar"tin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The bitter, purgative principle of senna.

It is a glucoside with the properties of a weak acid; -- called

also <altname>cathartic acid</altname>, and

<altname>cathartina</altname>.</def>



<hw>Ca*thay"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>China; -- an

old name for the Celestial Empire, said have been introduced by

Marco Polo and to be a corruption of the Tartar name for North

China (<xex>Khitai</xex>, the country of the Khitans.)</def>



<q>Better fifty years of Europe than a cycle of

<qex>Cathay</qex>.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Cat"head`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<def>A projecting piece of timber or iron near the bow of vessel,

to which the anchor is hoisted and secured.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cath"e*dra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.

Gr. <?/ seat. See <er>Chair</er>.]</ety> <def>The official chair

or throne of a bishop, or of any person in high authority.</def>



<cs><col>Ex cathedra</col> <ety>[L., from the chair]</ety>,

<cd>in the exercise of one's office; with authority.</cd></cs>



<q>The Vatican Council declares that the Pope, is infallible

\'bdwhen he speaks <qex>ex cathedra</qex>.\'b8</q>

<qau>Addis & Arnold's Cath. Dict.</qau>



<hw>Ca*the"dral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>cathedralis</ets> (sc. <ets>ecclesia</ets>): cf. F.

<ets>cath\'82drale</ets>. See <er>Cathedra</er>.]</ety> <def>The

principal church in a diocese, so called because in it the bishop

has his official chair (<xex>Cathedra</xex>) or throne.</def>



<hw>Ca*the"dral</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>cathedralis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>cath\'82dral</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Pertaining to the head church of a diocese;

<as>as, a <ex>cathedral</ex> church; <ex>cathedral</ex>

service.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Emanating from the chair of office, as of a pope

or bishop; official; authoritative.</def>



<q>Now, what solemnity can be more required for the pope to make

a <qex>cathedral</qex> determination of an article!</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Resembling the aisles of a cathedral; <as>as,

<ex>cathedral</ex> walks</as>.</def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>Cath`e*dral"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Cathedral.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Cath`e*dra"ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Cathedra</er>.]</ety> <def>Relating to the chair or office of

a teacher.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Cath`e*ret"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

fr. <?/ to bring down or raze; <?/ down + <?/ to take.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A mild kind caustic used to reduce warts

and other excrescences.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>Cath"er*ine wheel`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[So called from

<ets>St. Catherine</ets> of Alexandria, who is represented with a

<ets>wheel</ets>, in allusion to her martyrdom.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Geoth.Arth.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Rose

window</er> and <er>Wheel window</er>. Called also

<altname>Catherine-wheel window</altname>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Pyrotechny)</fld> <def>A revolving piece of

fireworks resembling in form the window of the same name.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>Catharine wheel</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Cath"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr. Gr.

<?/ a thing let down or put in, catheter, fr. <?/ to send down,

to let down; <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The

name of various instruments for passing along mucous canals, esp.

applied to a tubular instrument to be introduced into the bladder

through the urethra to draw off the urine.</def>



<cs><col>Eustachian catheter</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Eustachian</er>.</cd> -- <col>Prostatic catheter</col>,

<cd>one adapted for passing an enlarged prostate.</cd></cs>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cath"e*ter*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Cath`e*ter*i*za"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The operation of introducing a

catheter.</def>



<hw>Cath"e*ter*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Catheterized</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Catheterizing</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To

operate on with a catheter.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>Cath`e*tom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

Gr. <?/ vertical height + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An

instrument for the accurate measurement of small differences of

height; esp. of the differences in the height of the upper

surfaces of two columns of mercury or other fluid, or of the same

column at different times. It consists of a telescopic leveling

apparatus <it>(d)</it>, which slides up or down a perpendicular

metallic standard very finely graduated (<it>bb</it>). The

telescope is raised or depressed in order to sight the objects or

surfaces, and the differences in vertical height are thus shown

on the graduated standard.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>kathetometer</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>\'d8Cath"e*tus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>catheti</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ a

perpendicular line, fr. <?/ let down, fr. <?/. See

<er>Catheter</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>One line or

radius falling perpendicularly on another; <as>as, the

<ex>catheti</ex> of a right-angled triangle, that is, the two

sides that include the right angle</as>.</def>



<au>Barlow.</au>



<hw>Cath"ode</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

descent; <?/ down + <?/ way.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The

part of a voltaic battery by which the electric current leaves

substances through which it passes, or the surface at which the

electric current passes out of the electrolyte; the negative

pole; -- opposed to <xex>anode</xex>.</def>



<au>Faraday.</au>



<cs><col>Cathode ray</col> <fld>(Phys.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of ray

generated at the cathode in a vacuum tube, by the electrical

discharge<--  X-ray -->.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ca*thod"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A term applied to the centrifugal, or

efferent course of the nervous infuence.</def>



<au>Marshall Hall.</au>



<hw>Cat"-hole`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>One of two small holes astern, above the

gunroom ports, through which hawsers may be passed.</def>



<-- p. 228 -->



<hw>Cath"o*lic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>catholicus</ets>, Gr. <?/, universel, general; <?/ down,

wholly + <?/ whole, probably akin to E. <ets>solid</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>catholique</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Universal or

general; <as>as, the <ex>catholic</ex> faith</as>.</def>



<q>Men of other countries [came] to bear their part in so great

and <qex>catholic</qex> a war.</q>

<qau>Southey.</qau>



<note><hand/ This epithet, which is applicable to the whole

Christian church, or its faith, is claimed by Roman Catholics to

belong especially to their church, and in popular usage is so

limited.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not narrow-minded, partial, or bigoted; liberal;

<as>as, <ex>catholic</ex> tastes</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to, or affecting the Roman

Catholics; <as>as, the <ex>Catholic</ex> emancipation

act</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Catholic epistles</col>, <cd>the espistles of the

apostles which are addressed to all the faithful, and not to a

particular church; being those of James, Peter, Jude, and

John.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cath"o*lic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A person who

accepts the creeds which are received in common by all parts of

the orthodox Christian church.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An adherent of the Roman Catholic church; a

Roman Catholic.</def>



<cs><col>Old Catholic</col>, <cd>the name assumed in 1870 by

members of the Roman Catholic church, who denied the ecumenical

character of the Vatican Council, and Rejected its decrees, esp.

that concerning the infallibility of the pope, as contrary to the

ancient Catholic faith.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ca*thol"i*cal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Catholic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ca*thol"i*cism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>catholicisme</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The state or quality of being catholic or

universal; catholicity.</def>



<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Liberality of sentiment; breadth of view.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The faith of the whole orthodox Christian

church, or adherence thereto.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The doctrines or faith of the Roman Catholic

church, or adherence thereto.</def>



<hw>Cath`o*lic"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The state or quality of being catholic; universality.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Liberality of sentiments; catholicism.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Adherence or conformity to the system of

doctrine held by all parts of the orthodox Christian church; the

doctrine so held; orthodoxy.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Adherence to the doctrines of the church of

Rome, or the doctrines themselves.</def>



<hw>Ca*thol"i*cize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v.  t. & i.</pos>

<def>To make or to become catholic or Roman Catholic.</def>



<hw>Cath"o*lic*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

catholic manner; generally; universally.</def>



<au>Sir L. Cary.</au>



<hw>Cath"o*lic*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

catholic; universality; catholicity.</def>



<hw>Ca*thol"i*con</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

neut. <?/, universal. See <er>Catholic</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A remedy for all diseases; a

panacea.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ca*thol"i*cos</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.

See <er>Catholic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The

spiritual head of the Armenian church, who resides at

Etchmiadzin, Russia, and has ecclesiastical jurisdiction over,

and consecrates the holy oil for, the Armenians of Russia,

Turkey, and Persia, including the Patriarchs of Constantinople,

Jerusalem, and Sis.</def>



<note><hand/ The Patriarch of Constantinople is the

<xex>civil</xex> head of the Armenians in Turkey.</note>



<hw>Cat`i*li*na"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Catilinarius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to Catiline, the

Roman conspirator; resembling Catiline's conspiracy.</def>



<hw>Cat"i*on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

downward + <?/ going, <ets>p</ets>. <ets>pr</ets>. of <?/ to

go.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An electro-positive substance,

which in electro-decomposition is evolved at the cathode; --

opposed to <xex>anion</xex>.</def>



<au>Faraday.</au>



<hw>Cat"kin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Cat</ets>

+ <ets>-kin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An ament; a

species of inflorescence, consisting of a slender axis with many

unisexual apetalous flowers along its sides, as in the willow and

poplar, and (as to the staminate flowers) in the chestnut, oak,

hickory, etc. -- so called from its resemblance to a cat's tail.

See <xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Ament</er>.</def>



<hw>Cat"like`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a cat;

stealthily; noiselessly.</def>



<hw>Cat"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cat</ets> + <ets>-ing</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

little cat; a kitten.</def> \'bdCat nor <xex>catling</xex>.\'b8



<au>Drummond.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Catgut; a catgut string.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>A double-edged, sharp-pointed

dismembering knife.</def> <altsp>[Spelt also

<asp>catlin</asp>.]</altsp>



<au>Crobb.</au>



<hw>Cat"lin*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

George <ets>Catlin</ets>, an American traveler.]</ety> <def>A red

clay from the Upper Missouri region, used by the Indians for

their pipes.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cat"nip`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Cat"mint`</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

well-know plant of the genus <spn>Nepeta</spn> (<spn>N.

Cataria</spn>), somewhat like mint, having a string scent, and

sometimes used in medicine. It is so called because cats have a

peculiar fondness for it.</def>



<hw>Cat`o-ca*thar"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ down + <?/ serving to purge. See <er>Cathartic</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A remedy that purges by alvine

discharges.</def>



<hw>Ca*to"ni*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Catonionus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of, pertaining to, or

resembling, the stern old Roman, Cato the Censor; severe;

inflexible.</def>



<hw>Cat" o' nine" tails`</hw>. <def>See under <er>Cat</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ca*top"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Ca*top"tron</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ mirror, fr. <?/

visible.]</ety> <def>A reflecting optical glass or instrument; a

mirror.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ca*top"tric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Ca*top"tric*al</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/. See

<er>Catopter</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to catoptrics;

produced by reflection.</def>



<cs><col>Catoptric light</col>, <cd>a light in which the rays are

concentrated by reflectors into a beam visible at a

distance.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ca*top"trics</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>catoptrique</ets>. See <er>Catropric</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>That part of optics which explants the

properties and phenomena of reflected light, and particularly

that which is reflected from mirrors or polished bodies; \'c3-

formerly caled <xex>anacamptics</xex>.</def>



<hw>Ca*top"tro*man`cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ mirror + <ets>-mancy</ets>. See <er>Catopter</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <def>A species of divination, which was

perforned by letting down a mirror into water, for a sick person

to look at his face in it. If his countenance appeared distorted

and ghastly, it was an ill omen; if fresh and healthy, it was

favorable.</def>



<hw>Ca*top"ron</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Catopter</er>.</def>



<hw>Cat`pipe"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Catcall</er>.</def>



<hw>Cat"-rigged`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Rigged

like a catboat.</def>



<hw>Cat"-salt`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A sort of

salt, finely granulated, formed out of the bittern or leach

brine.</def>



<hw>Cat's"-eye`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of quartz or chalcedony,

exhibiting opalescent reflections from within, like the eye of a

cat. The mane is given to other gems affording like effects, esp.

the chrysoberyl.</def>



<hw>Cat's`-foot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant (<spn>Nepeta Glechoma</spn>) of

the same genus with catnip; ground ivy.</def>



<hw>Cat"-sil`ver</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Mica.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<hw>Cats"kill pe`ri*od</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld>

<def>The closing subdivision of the Devonian age in America. The

rocks of this period are well developed in the Catskill

mountains, and extend south and west under the Carboniferous

formation. See the Diagram under <er>Geology</er>.</def>



<hw>Cat"so</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Catsos</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[It.

<ets>cazzo</ets>.]</ety> <def>A base fellow; a rogue; a

cheat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Cat's"-paw`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A light transitory air which

ruffles the surface of the water during a calm, or the ripples

made by such a puff of air.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A particular

hitch or turn in the bight of a rope, into which a tackle may be

hooked.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A dupe; a tool; one who, or that which, is used

by another as an instrument to a accomplish his purposes.</def>



<note><hand/ In this sense the term refers to the fable of the

monkey using the cat's paw to draw the roasting chestnuts out of

the fire.</note>



<hw>Cat's"-tail</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Timothy</er>, <er>Cat-tail</er>, <er>Cirrus</er>.</def>



<hw>Cat"stick`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A stick or

club employed in the game of ball called <xex>cat</xex> or

<xex>tipcat</xex>.</def>



<au>Massinger.</au>



<hw>Cat"stitch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<fld>(Needlework)</fld> <def>To fold and sew down the edge of

with a coarse zigzag stitch.</def>



<hw>Cat"sup</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Catchup</er>, and <er>Ketchup</er>.</def>



<hw>Cat"-tail</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A tall rush or flag (<spn>Typha latifolia</spn>) growing in

marshes, with long, glat leaves, and having its flowers in a

close cylindrical spike at the top of the stem. The leaves are

frequently used for seating chairs, making mats, etc. See

<er>Catkin</er>.</def>



<note><hand/ The <xex>lesser cat-tail</xex> is <xex>Typha

angustifolia</xex>.</note>



<hw>Cat"tish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Catlike;

feline</def>



<au>Drummond.</au>



<hw>Cat"tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>calet</ets>, <ets>chatel</ets>, goods, property, OF.

<ets>catel</ets>, <ets>chatel</ets>, LL. <ets>captale</ets>,

<ets>capitale</ets>, goods, property, esp. cattle, fr. L.

<ets>capitals</ets> relating to the head, chief; because in early

ages beasts constituted the chief part of a man's property. See

<er>Capital</er>, and cf. <er>Chattel</er>.]</ety>

<def>Quadrupeds of the Bovine family; sometimes, also, including

all domestic quadrupeds, as sheep, goats, horses, mules, asses,

and swine.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Belted cattle</col>, <col>Black

cattle</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Belted</er>,

<er>Black</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cattle guard</col>, <cd>a trench

under a railroad track and alongside a crossing (as of a public

highway). It is intended to prevent cattle from getting upon the

track.</cd> -- <col>cattle louse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,

<cd>any species of louse infecting cattle. There are several

species. The <spn>H\'91matatopinus eurysternus</spn> and <spn>H.

vituli</spn> are common species which suck blood;

<spn>Trichodectes scalaris</spn> eats the hair.</cd> --

<col>Cattle plague</col>, <cd>the rinderpest; called also

<altname>Russian cattle plague</altname>.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Cattle range</col>, <or/ <col>Cattle run</col></mcol>,

<cd>an open space through which cattle may run or range.</cd>

<mark>[U. S.]</mark> <au>Bartlett</au>. -- <col>Cattle

show</col>, <cd>an exhibition of domestic animals with prizes for

the encouragement of stock breeding; -- usually accompanied with

the exhibition of other agricultural and domestic products and of

implements.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cat"ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Malay

<ets>kat\'c6</ets>. See <er>Caddy</er>.]</ety> <def>An East

Indian Weight of 1\'a7 pounds.</def>



<hw>Cau*ca"sian</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Of or pertaining to the Caucasus, a mountainous region

between the Black and Caspian seas.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the white races of mankind,

of whom the people about Mount Caucasus were formerly taken as

the type.</def>



<hw>Cau*ca"sian</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A native or

inhabitant of the Caucasus, esp. a Circassian or Georgian.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A member of any of the white races of

mankind.</def>



<hw>Cau"cus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymology

uncertain. Mr. J. H. Trumbull finds the origin of

<ets>caucus</ets> in the N. A. Indian word

<ets>cawcawwassough</ets> or <ets>ca\'a3 cau-as'u</ets> one who

urges or pushes on, a promoter. See citation for an early use of

the word <ets>caucus</ets>.]</ety> <def>A meeting, especially a

preliminary meeting, of persons belonging to a party, to nominate

candidates for public office, or to select delegates to a

nominating convention, or to confer regarding measures of party

policy; a political primary meeting.</def>



<q>This day learned that the <qex>caucus</qex> club meets, at

certain times, in the garret of Tom Dawes, the adjutant of the

Boston regiment.</q>

<qau>John Adams's Diary [Feb. , 1763].</qau>



<hw>Cau"cus</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Caucused</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Caucusing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To hold, or meet

in, a caucus or caucuses.</def>



<hw>Cau"dad</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cauda</ets> tail + <ets>ad</ets> to.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Backwards; toward the tail or

posterior part.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cau"da gal*li</hw>, <pr>(<?/)</pr>. <ety>[L., tail of a

cock.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A plume-shaped fossil,

supposed to be a seaweed, characteristic of the lower Devonian

rocks; <as>as, the <ex>cauda galli</ex> grit</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Gauda galli epoch</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>an epoch

at the begining of the Devonian age in eastern America, so named

from the characteristic gritty sandstone marked with impressions

of <ets>cauda galli<ets>. See the Diagram under

<er>Geology</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cau"dal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Cauda</ets> tail. Cf. <er>Coward</er>.]</ety> <def>Of the

nature of, or pertaining to, a tail; having a tail-like

appendage.</def>



<q>The male widow-bird, remarkable for his <qex>caudal</qex>

plumes.</q>

<qau>Darwin.</qau>



<cs><col>Caudal fin</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the terminal

fin (or \'bdtail\'b8) of a fish.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Cau*da"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. L. <ets>cauda</ets> tail.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>See <er>Urodela</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cau"date</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Cau"da*ted</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>. }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>cauda</ets>

tail.]</ety> <def>Having a taill; having a termination like a

tail.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cau"dex</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. L.

<plw>Caudices</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, E. <plw>Caudexes</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The

sterm of a tree., esp. a sterm without a branch, as of a palm or

a tree fern; also, the pernnial rootstock of an herbaceous

plant.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cau"di*cle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>\'d8Cau*dic"u*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Dim. of L. <ets>cauda</ets> tail, appendage.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A slender, elastic process, to which the

masses of pollen in orchidaceous plants are attached.</def>



<hw>Cau"dle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>caudel</ets>, F. <ets>chaudeau</ets>, dim. of LL

<ets>calidum</ets> a sweet drink, fr. L. <ets>caidus</ets> warm.

See <er>Caldron</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of warm drink for sick

persons, being a mixture of wine with eggs, bread, sugar, and

spices.</def>



<hw>Cau"dle</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Caudled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Caudling</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To make into caudle.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Too serve as a caudle to; to refresh.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Cauf</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Perh. akin to

Celtic <ets>caff</ets>, <ets>cav</ets>, <ets>cau</ets>, L.

<ets>cavus</ets> hollow, or to L. <ets>caphinus</ets>, Gr. <?/

basket.]</ety> <def>A chest with holes for keeping fish alive in

water.</def>



<au>Philips.</au>



<hw>Cau"fle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A gung of slaves. Same as

<er>Coffle</er>.</def>



<hw>Caught</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <def>f

<er>Catch</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cauk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>,

<hw>Cauk"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Cawk</er>, <er>Calker</er>.</def>



<hw>Caul</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>calle</ets>, <ets>kelle</ets>, prob. fr. F. <ets>cale</ets>;

cf. Ir. <ets>calla</ets> a veil.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

covering of network for the head, worn by women; also, a

net.</def>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The fold of membrane loaded

with fat, which covers more or less of the intestines in mammals;

the great omentum See <er>Omentum</er>.</def>



<q>The <qex>caul</qex> serves for warming of the lower belly.</q>

<qau>Ray.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A part of the amnion, one of the membranes

enveloping the fetus, which sometimes is round the head of a

child at its birth.</def>



<q>It is deemed lucky to be with a <qex>caul</qex> or membrane

over the face. This <qex>caul</qex> is esteemed an infallible

preservative against drowning . . . According to Chysostom, the

midwives frequently sold it for magic uses.</q>

<qau>Grose.</qau>



<q>I was born with a <qex>caul</qex>, which was advertised for

sale, in the newspapers, at the low price of fifteen guineas.</q>

<qau>Dickens.</qau>



<hw>Cau*les"cent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>caulis</ets> stalk, stem: cf. F.

<ets>caulescent</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having a

leafy stem.</def>



<hw>Cau"li*cle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A short caulis or stem, esp. the rudimentary stem seen in

the embryo of seed; -- otherwise called a

<xex>radicle</xex>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cau*lic"u*lus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl.</plu> <plw>Cauliculi</plw> <pr>(#)</pr> <ety>[L.

<ets>caulculus</ets> little stalk, dim. of

<ets>caulis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>In the

Corinthian capital, one of the eight stalks rising out of the

lower leafage and terminating in leaves which seem to suport the

volutes. See <er>Illust</er>. of <er>Corinthian order</er>, under

<er>Corinthian</er>.</def>



<hw>Cau"li*flow`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>choufleur</ets>, modified by E. <ets>Cole</ets>. L.

<ets>caulis</ets>, and by E. <ets>flower</ets>; F.

<ets>chou</ets> cabbage is fr. L. <ets>caulis</ets> stalk,

cabbage, and <ets>fleur</ets> flower is fr. L. <ets>flos</ets>

flower. See <er>Cole</er>, and <er>Flower</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An annual variety of

<spn>Brassica oleracea</spn>, or cabbage of which the cluster of

young flower stalks and buds is eaten as a vegetable.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The edible head or \'bdcurd\'b8 of a caulifower

plant.</def>



<hw>Cau"li*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>caulis</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Having the form of a caulis.</def>



<hw>Cau"line</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Growing immediately on a caulis; of or pertaining to a

caulis.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cau"lis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; L. <plu>pl.

<plw>Caules</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L., a stem.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An herbaceous or woody stem which bears

leaves, and may bear flowers.</def>



<hw>Caulk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Calk</er>.</def>



<hw>Cau`lo*car"pous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ stem + <?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having stems

which bear flowers and fruit year after year, as most trees and

shrubs.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cau"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr. Gr.

<?/ a burning heat.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Great heat, as

of the body in fever.</def>



<hw>Cau"po*nize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cauponari</ets>, fr. <ets>caupo</ets> huckster,

innkeeper.]</ety> <def>To sell wine or victuals.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Warburfon.</au>



<hw>Caus"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of

being caused.</def>



<hw>Caus"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>causalis</ets>. See <er>Cause</er>.]</ety> <def>Relating to

a cause or causes; inplying or containing a cause or causes;

expressing a cause; causative.</def>



<q><qex>Causal</qex> propositions are where two propositions are

joined by <qex>causal</qex> words.</q>

<qau>Watts.</qau>



<hw>Caus"al</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A causal word or form of

speech.</def>



<q>Anglo-Saxon <qex>drencan</qex> to drench, <qex>causal</qex> of

Anglo-Saxon <qex>drincan</qex> to drink.</q>

<qau>Skeat.</qau>



<hw>Cau*sal"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<er>Causalities</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The agency of a cause; the action or power of a

cause, in producing its effect.</def>



<q>The <qex>causality</qex> of the divine mind.</q>

<qau>Whewell.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Phren.)</fld> <def>The faculty of tracing

effects to their causes.</def>



<au>G. Combe.</au>



<hw>Caus"al*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>According

to the order or series of causes; by tracing effects to

causes.</def>



<hw>Caus"al*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Mining.)</fld> <def>The lighter, earthy parts of ore,

carried off washing.</def>



<hw>Cau*sa"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of

causing; also the act or agency by which an effect is

produced.</def>



<q>The kind of <qex>causation</qex> by which vision is

produced.</q>

<qau>Whewell.</qau>



<cs><col>Law of universal causation</col>, <cd>the theoretical or

asserted law that every event or phenomenon results from, or is

the sequel of, some previous event or phenomenon, which being

present, the other is certain to take place.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cau*sa"tion*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who believes in

the law of universal causation.</def>



<hw>Caus"a*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>causativus</ets> pertaining to a lawsuit (<ets>causa</ets>),

but in the English sense from E. <ets>cause</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Effective, as a cause or agent; causing.</def>



<q><qex>Causative</qex> in nature of a number of effects.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Expressing a cause or reason; causal; <as>as,

the ablative is a <ex>causative</ex> case</as>.</def>



<-- p. 229  -->



<hw>Caus"a*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A word

which expresses or suggests a cause.</def>



<hw>Caus"a*tive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a causative

manner.</def>



<hw>Cau*sa"tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Cause</er>.]</ety> <def>One who causes.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Cause</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>cause</ets>, fr. L. <ets>causa</ets>. Cf. <er>Cause</er>,

<pos>v.</pos>, <er>Kickshaw</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That

which produces or effects a result; that from which anything

proceeds, and without which it would not exist.</def>



<q><qex>Cause</qex> is substance exerting its power into act, to

make one thing begin to be.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is the occasion of an action or

state; ground; reason; motive; <as>as, <ex>cause</ex> for

rejoicing</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Sake; interest; advantage.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>I did it not for his <qex>cause</qex>.</q>

<qau>2 Cor. vii. 12.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A suit or action in court; any

legal process by which a party endeavors to obtain his claim, or

what he regards as his right; case; ground of action.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Any subject of discussion or debate; matter;

question; affair in general.</def>



<q>What counsel give you in this weighty <qex>cause</qex>!</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>The side of a question, which is espoused,

advocated, and upheld by a person or party; a principle which is

advocated; that which a person or party seeks to attain.</def>



<q>God befriend us, as our <qex>cause</qex> is just.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>The part they take against me is from zeal to the

<qex>cause</qex>.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<cs><col>Efficient cause</col>, <cd>the agent or force that

produces a change or redult.</cd> -- <col>Final cause</col>,

<cd>the end, design, or object, for which anything is done.</cd>

-- <col>Formal cause</col>, <cd>the elements of a conception

which make the conception or the thing conceived to be what it

is; or the idea viewed as a formative principle and

co\'94perating with the matter.</cd> -- <col>Material

cause</col>, <cd>that of which anything is made.</cd> --

<col>Proximate cause</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Proximate</er>.</cd> -- <col>To make common cause with</col>,

<cd>to join with in purposes and aims.</cd></cs>



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Origin; source; mainspring; motive; reason;

incitement; inducement; purpose; object; suit; action.</syn>



<hw>Cause</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Caused</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & v. n.</pos>

<er>Causing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>causer</ets>, fr.

<ets>cause</ets>, fr. L. <ets>causa</ets>. See <er>Cause</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, and cf. <er>Acouse</er>.]</ety> <def>To effect as

an agent; to produce; to be the occasion of; to bring about; to

bring into existence; to make; -- usually followed by an

infinitive, sometimes by <xex>that</xex> with a finite

verb.</def>



<q>I will <qex>cause</qex> it to rain upon the earth forty

days.</q>

<qau>Gen. vii. 4.</qau>



<q><qex>Cause</qex> that it be read also in the church of the

Laodiceans.</q>

<qau>Col. iv. 16.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To create; produce; beget; effect; occasion;

originate; induce; bring about.</syn>



<hw>Cause</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To assign or show cause; to

give a reason; to make excuse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Cause</hw>, <pos>conj.</pos> <def>Abbreviation of

<er>Because</er>.</def>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Cause"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Having a

cause.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Cause"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>1. Self-originating;

uncreated.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Without just or sufficient reason;

groundless.</def>



<q>My fears are <qex>causeless</qex> and ungrounded.</q>

<qau>Denham.</qau>



<hw>Cause"less</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Without cause or

reason.</def>



<hw>Cause"less*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being

causeless.</def>



<hw>Caus"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who or that

which causes.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cau`seuse"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.

<ets>causer</ets> to talk.]</ety> <def>A kind of sofa for two

person. A <xex>t\'88te-a-t\'88te</xex>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cause"way</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Cau"sey</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>cauci</ets>,

<ets>cauchie</ets>, OF. <ets>cauchie</ets>, F.

<ets>chauss\'82e</ets>, from LL. (<ets>via</ets>)

<ets>calciata</ets>, fr <ets>calciare</ets> to make a road,

either fr. L. <ets>calx</ets> lime, hence, to pave with limestone

(cf. E. <ets>chalk</ets>), or from L. <ets>calceus</ets> shoe,

from <ets>calx</ets> heel, hence, to shoe, pave, or wear by

treading.]</ety> <def>A way or road rasid above the natural level

of the ground, serving as a dry passage over wet or marshy

ground.</def>



<q>But that broad <qex>causeway</qex> will direct your way.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>The other way Satan went down

The <qex>causey</qex> to Hell-gate.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cause"wayed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Cau"seyed</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>. }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a raised way

(causeway or causey); paved.</def>



<au>Sir W. Scott. C. Bront\'82.</au>



<hw>Cau*sid"i*cal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>causidicakis</ets>; <ets>causa</ets> a cause in law +

<ets>dicare</ets> to say.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to an advocate,

or to the maintenance and defense of suits.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Caus"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Caus"tic*al</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>caustucs</ets>,

Ge. <?/, fr. <?/ to burn. Cf. <er>Calm</er>, <er>Ink</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Capable of destroying the texture of anything or

eating away its substance by chemical action; burning; corrosive;

searing.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Severe; satirical; sharp; <as>as, a

<ex>caustic</ex> remark</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Caustic curve</col> <fld>(Optics)</fld>, <cd>a curve to

which the ray of light, reflected or refracted by another curve,

are tangents, the reflecting or refracting curve and the luminous

point being in one plane.</cd> -- <col>Caustic lime</col>.

<cd>See under <er>Lime</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Caustic

potash</col>, <col>Caustic soda</col></mcol> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>,

<cd>the solid hydroxides potash, <chform>KOH</chform>, and soda,

<chform>NaOH</chform>, or solutions of the same.</cd> --

<col>Caustic silver</col>, <cd>nitrate of silver, lunar

caustic.</cd> -- <col>Caustic surface</col> <fld>(Optics)</fld>,

<cd>a surface to which rays reflected or refracted by another

surface are tangents. Caustic curves and surfaces are called

<xex>catacaustic<xex> when formed by reflection, and

<xex>diacaustic<xex> when formed by refraction.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Stinging; cutting; pungent; searching.</syn>



<hw>Cau"stic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>causticum</ets>

(sc. <ets>medicamentum</ets>). See <er>Caustic</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Any substance or means

which, applied to animal or other organic tissue, burns,

corrodes, or destroys it by chemical action; an escharotic.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Optics)</fld> <def>A caustic curve or caustic

surface.</def>



<hw>Caus"tic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a caustic

manner.</def>



<hw>Caus*tic"i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The quality of being caustic; corrosiveness; <as>as, the

<ex>causticity</ex> of potash</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Severity of language; sarcasm; <as>as, the

<ex>causticity</ex> of a reply or remark</as>.</def>



<hw>Caus"tic*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality of being caustic; causticity.</def>



<hw>Cau"tel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>caut\'8ale</ets>, L. <ets>cautela</ets>, fr.

<ets>cavere</ets> to be on one's guard, to take care.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Caution; prudence; wariness.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Fulke.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Craft; deceit; falseness.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Cau"te*lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>cauteleux</ets>, LL. <ets>cautelosus</ets>. See

<er>Cautel</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Caution; prudent;

wary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Cautelous</xex>, though

young.\'b8



<au>Drayton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Crafty; deceitful; false.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



-- <wordforms><wf>Cau"te*lous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Cau"te*lous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>



<hw>Cau"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>caut\'8are</ets>, L. <ets>cauterium</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ a

branding iron, fr. <?/ to burn. Cf. <er>Caustic</er>,

<er>Cautery</er>.]</ety> <def>A hot iron for searing or

cauterizing.</def>



<au>Minsheu.</au>



<hw>Cau"ter*ant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

cauterizing substance.</def>



<hw>Cau"ter*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The use or

application of a caustic; cautery.</def>



<au>Ferrand.</au>



<hw>Cau`ter*i*za"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>caut\'8arisation</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The

act of searing some morbid part by the application of a cautery

or caustic; also, the effect of such application.</def>



<hw>Cau"ter*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Cauterized</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Cauterizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>cauterizare</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. a branding iron: cf. F.

<ets>caut\'82rised</ets>.. See <er>cauter</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To burn or sear with a cautery or caustic.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To sear, as the conscience.</def>



<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>



<hw>Cau"ter*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Cauteries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L.

<ets>cauterium</ets>, Gr. <?/. See <er>Cauter</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A burning or searing, as of

morbid flesh, with a hot iron, or by application of a caustic

that will burn, corrode, or destroy animal tissue.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The iron of other agent in cauterizing.</def>



<cs><col>Actual cautery</col>, <cd>a substance or agent (as a hot

iron) which cauterizes or sears by actual heat; or the burning so

effected.</cd> -- <col>Potential cautery</col>, <cd>a substance

which cauterizes by chemical action; as, lunar <xex>caustic<xex>;

also, the cauterizing produced by such substance.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cau"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>caution</ets> a security, L. <ets>cautio</ets>, fr.

<ets>cavere</ets> (<ets>For scavere</ets>) to be on one's guard,

to take care (orig.) to be on the watch, see; akin to E.

<ets>show</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A careful attention to

the probable effects of an act, in order that failure or harm may

be avoided; prudence in regard to danger; provident care;

wariness.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Security; guaranty; bail.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>The Parliament would yet give his majesty sufficient

<qex>caution</qex> that the war should be prosecuted.</q>

<qau>Clarendon.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Precept or warning against evil of any kind;

exhortation to wariness; advice; injunction.</def>



<q>In way of <qex>caution</qex> I must tell you.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>Caution money</col>, <cd>money deposited by way of

security or guaranty, as by a student at an English

university.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Care; forethought; forecast; heed; prudence;

watchfulness; vigilance; circumspection; anxiety; providence;

counsel; advice; warning; admonition.</syn>



<hw>Cau"tion</hw> <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp & p.

p.</pos> <er>Cautioned</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Cautioning</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To give notice of

danger to; to warn; to exhort [one] to take heed.</def>



<q>You <qex>cautioned</qex> me against their charms.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<hw>Cau"tion*a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Conveying a caution, or warning to avoid danger; <as>as,

<ex>cautionary</ex> signals</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Given as a pledge or as security.</def>



<q>He hated Barnevelt, for his getting the <qex>cautionary</qex>

towns out of his hands.</q>

<qau>Bp. Burnet.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Wary; cautious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Cau"tion*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who cautions or advises.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>A surety or

sponsor.</def>



<hw>Cau"tion*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Scots

Law)</fld> <def>Suretyship.</def>



<hw>Cau"tious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. L.

<ets>cautus</ets>, fr. <ets>caver</ets>. See

<er>Caution</er>.]</ety> <def>Attentive to examine probable

effects and consequences of acts with a view to avoid danger or

misfortune; prudent; circumspect; wary; watchful; <as>as, a

<ex>cautious</ex> general</as>.</def>



<q><qex>Cautious</qex> feeling for another's pain.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<q>Be swift to hear; but <qex>cautious</qex> of your tongue.</q>

<qau>Watts.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Wary; watchful; vigilant; prudent; circumspect;

discreet; heedful; thoughtful; scrupulous; anxious;

careful.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Cautious</er>, <er>Wary</er>,

<er>Circumspect</er>. A man is <xex>cautious</xex> who realizes

the constant possibility of danger; one may be <xex>wary</xex>,

and yet bold and active; a man who is <xex>circumspect</xex>

habitually examines things on every side in order to weigh and

deliberate. It is necessary to be <xex>cautious</xex> at all

times; to be <xex>wary</xex> in cases of extraordinary danger; to

be <xex>circumspect</xex> in matters of peculiar delicacy and

difficulty.</usage>



<hw>Cau"tious*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a cautious

manner.</def>



<hw>Cau"tious*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

cautious.</def>



<hw>Cav"al*cade`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>cavalcade</ets>, fr. It. <ets>cavalcata</ets>, fr.

<ets>cavalcare</ets> to go on horseback, fr. LL.

<ets>caballicare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>caballus</ets> an inferior

horse, Gr. <?/. Cf. <er>Cavalier</er>, <er>Cavalry</er>.]</ety>

<def>A procession of persons on horseback; a formal, pompous

march of horsemen by way of parade.</def>



<q>He brought back war-worn <qex>cavalcade</qex> to the city.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cav`a*le"ro</hw>, <hw>Cav`a*lie"ro</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

}</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp. <ets>caballero</ets>. See

<er>Cavalier</er>.]</ety> <def>A cavalier; a gallant; a

libertine.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Cav`a*lier"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>cavalier</ets>, It. <ets>cavaliere</ets>, LL.

<ets>caballarius</ets>, fr. L. <ets>caballus</ets>. See

<er>Cavalcade</er>, and cf. <er>Cavallier</er>,

<er>Caballine</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A military man

serving on horseback; a knight.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A gay, sprightly, military man; hence, a

gallant.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>One of the court party in the time of king

Charles L. as contrasted with a Roundhead or an adherent of

Parliament.</def>



<au>Clarendon.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A work of more that ordinary

heigh, rising from the level ground of a bastion, etc., and

overlooking surrounding parts.</def>



<hw>Cav`a*lier"</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Gay; easy; offhand;

frank.</def>



<q>The plodding, persevering scupulous accuracy of the one, and

the easy, <qex>cavalier</qex>, verbal fluency of the other, from

a complete contrast.</q>



<au>Hazlitt.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>High-spirited.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdThe

people are naturally not valiant, and not much

<xex>cavalier</xex>.\'b8



<au>Suckling.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Supercilious; haughty; disdainful; curt;

brusque.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the party of King Charles

I.</def> \'bdAn old <xex>Cavalier</xex> family.\'b8



<au>Beaconsfleld.</au>



<hw>Cav`a*lier"ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Somewhat

like a cavalier.</def>



<hw>Cav`a*lier"ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

practice or principles of cavaliers.</def>



<au>Sir. W. Scott.</au>



<hw>Cav`a*lier"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a supercilious,

disdainful, or haughty manner; arroganty.</def>



<au>Junius.</au>



<hw>Cav`a*lier"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A disdanful

manner.</def>



<hw>Ca*val"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Pg.

<ets>cavalla</ets> a kind of fish; Sp. <ets>caballa</ets>; prob.

fr. Pg. <ets>cavallo</ets> horse, Sp. <ets>caballa</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A carangoid fish of the Atlantic coast

(<spn>Caranx hippos</spn>): -- called also <altname>horse

crevall\'82</altname>. <note>[See <xex>Illust</xex>. under

<er>Carangoid</er>.]</note></def>



<hw>Cav"al*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>cavalerie</ets>, fr. It. <ets>cavalleria</ets>. See

<er>Cavalier</er>, and cf. <er>chivalry</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>That part of military force which serves

on horseback.</def>



<note><hand/ <stype>Heavy cavalry</stype> and <stype>light

cavalry</stype> are so distinguished by the character of their

armament, and by the size of the men and horses.</note>



<hw>Cav"al*ry*man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<er>Cavalrymen</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>. <def>One of a body of

cavalry.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ca`va*ti"na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Originally, a melody of

simpler form than the <xex>aria</xex>; a song without a second

part and a <xex>da capo</xex>; -- a term now variously and

vaguely used.</def>



<hw>Cave</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>cave</ets>, L. <ets>cavus</ets> hollow, whence

<ets>cavea</ets> cavity. Cf. <er>Cage</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A hollow place in the earth, either natural or artificial; a

subterraneous cavity; a cavern; a den.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any hollow place, or part; a cavity.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdThe <xex>cave</xex> of the ear.\'b8



<au>Bacon.</au>



<cs><col>Cave bear</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very large

fossil bear (<spn>Ursus spel\'91us</spn>) similar to the grizzly

bear, but large; common in European caves.</cd> -- <col>Cave

dweller</col>, <cd>a savage of prehistoric times whose dwelling

place was a cave. <au>Tylor</au>.</cd> -- <col>Cave hyena</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a fossil hyena found abundanty in

British caves, now usually regarded as a large variety of the

living African spotted hyena.</cd> -- <col>Cave lion</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a fossil lion found in the caves of

Europe, believed to be a large variety of the African lion.</cd>

-- <col>Bone cave</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bone</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cave</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Caved</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Caving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>caver</ets>. See

<er>Cave</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>To make hollow; to scoop

out.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The mouldred earth <qex>cav'd</qex> the banke.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Cave</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To dwell in a

cave.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[See <ets>To cave in</ets>, below.]</ety>

<def>To fall in or down; <as>as, the sand bank

<ex>caved</ex></as>. Hence <mark>(Slang)</mark>, to retreat from

a position; to give way; to yield in a disputed matter.</def>



<cs><col>To cave in</col>. <ety>[Flem. <xex>inkalven<xex>.]</ety>

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To fall in and leave a hollow, as earth on the

side of a well or pit.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To submit; to yield.

<mark>[Slang]</mark></cd></cs>



<au>H. Kingsley.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ca"ve*at</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>caved</ets> let him beware, pres. subj. of <ets>cavere</ets>

to be on one's guard to, beware.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A notice given by an interested

party to some officer not to do a certain act until the party is

heard in opposition; <as>as, a <ex>caveat</ex> entered in a

probate court to stop the proving of a will or the taking out of

letters of administration, etc.</as></def>



<au>Bouvier.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(U. S. Patent Laws)</fld> <def>A description of

some invention, designed to be patented, lodged in the patent

office before the patent right is applied for, and operating as a

bar to the issue of letters patent to any other person,

respecting the same invention.</def>



<note><hand/ A <xex>caveat</xex> is operative for one year only,

but may be renewed.</note>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Intimation of caution; warning; protest.</def>



<q>We think it right to enter our <qex>caveat</qex> against a

conclusion.</q>

<qau>Jeffrey.</qau>



<cs><col>Caveat emptor</col> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld>,

<cd>let the purchaser beware, <it>i. e.</it>, let him examine the

article he is buying, and act on his own judgment.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ca"ve*a`ting</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Fencing)</fld> <def>Shifting the sword from one side of an

adversary's sword to the other.</def>



<hw>Ca"ve*a`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

enters a caveat.</def>



<hw>Cav"en*dish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Leaf

tobacco softened, sweetened, and pressed into plugs or

cakes.</def>



<cs><col>Cut cavendish</col>, <cd>the plugs cut into long shreds

for smoking.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cav"ern</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>caverna</ets>, fr. <ets>cavus</ets> hollow: cf. F.

<ets>caverne</ets>.]</ety> <def>A large, deep, hollow place in

the earth; a large cave.</def>



<hw>Cav"erned</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Containing caverns.</def>



<q>The wolves yelled on the <qex>caverned</qex> hill.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Living in a cavern.</def>

\'bd<xex>Caverned</xex> hermit.\'b8



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>Cav"ern*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cavernosus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>caverneux</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Full of caverns; resembling a cavern or large

cavity; hollow.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Filled with small cavities or cells.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Having a sound caused by a cavity.</def>



<cs><col>Cavernous body</col>, <cd>a body of erectile tissue with

large interspaces which may be distended with blood, as in the

penis or clitoris.</cd> -- <col>Cavernous respiration</col>,

<cd>a peculiar respiratory sound andible on auscultation, when

the bronchial tubes communicate with morbid cavities in the

lungs.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ca*ver"nu*lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos><ety>[L.

<ets>cavernula</ets>, dim. of <ets>caverna</ets> cavern.]</ety>

<def>Full of little cavities; <as>as, <ex>cavernulous</ex>

metal</as>.</def>



<au>Black.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cav"es*son</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Cav"e*zon</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>cave\'87on</ets>, augm. fr. LL. <ets>capitium</ets> a head

covering hood, fr. L. <ets>caput</ets> head. Cf.

<er>Caberzon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Man.)</fld> <def>A kind of

noseband used in breaking and training horses.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>caveson</asp>,

<asp>causson</asp>.]</altsp>



<au>White.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ca*vet"to</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.

<ets>cavetto</ets>, fr. <ets>cavo</ets> hollow, L.

<ets>cavus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A concave

molding; -- used chiefly in classical architecture.  See

<xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Calumn</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ca*viare"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Cav"i*ar</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>caviar</ets>,

fr. It. <ets>caviale</ets>, fr. Turk.

<ets>Hav\'c6\'ber</ets>.]</ety> <def>The roes of the sturgeon,

prepared and salted; -- used as a relish, esp. in Russia.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Caviare</xex> was considered a delicacy, by

some, in Shakespeare's time, but was not relished by most. Hence

Hamlet says of a certain play. \'bd'T was <xex>caviare</xex> to

the general,\'b8 <it>i. e.</it>, above the taste of the common

people.</note>



<-- p. 230 -->



<hw>Cav"i*corn</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cavus</ets> hollow + <ets>cornu</ets> horn.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having hollow horns.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cav`i*cor"ni*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl.</plu> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

group of ruminants whose horns are hollow, and planted on a bony

process of the front, as the ox.</def>



<hw>Cav"il</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Caviled</er> <or/

<er>Cavilled</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Caviling</er> <or/ <er>Cavilling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>cavillari</ets> to practice jesting, to censure, fr.

<ets>cavilla</ets> bantering jests, sophistry: cf. OF.

<ets>caviller</ets>.]</ety> <def>To raise captious and frivolous

objections; to find fault without good reason.</def>



<q>You do not well in obstinacy

To <qex>cavil</qex> in the course of this contract.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Cav"il</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cavil at.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Cav"il</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A captious or frivolous

objection.</def>



<q>All the <qex>cavils</qex> of prejudice and unbelief.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cav"il</hw> <or/ <hw>Cav"il*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

}</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who cavils.</def>



<q><qex>Cavilers</qex> at the style of the Scriptures.</q>

<qau>Boyle.</qau>



<hw>Cav"il*ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Disposed to cavil;

finding fault without good reason. See <er>Captious</er>.</def>



<q>His depreciatory and <qex>caviling</qex> criticism.</q>

<qau>Lewis.</qau>



<hw>Cav"il*ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adb.</pos> <def>In a caviling

manner.</def>



<hw>Cav`il*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[F.

<ets>cavillation</ets>, L. <ets>cavillatio</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Frivolous or sophistical objection.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Hooker.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cav"il*ous</hw> <or/ <hw>Cav"il*lous</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cavillosus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Characterized by caviling, or

disposed to cavil; quibbing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



-- <wordforms><wf>Cav"il*ous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<mark>[R.]</mark> -- <wf>Cav"il*ous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos>

<mark>[R.]</mark></wordforms>



<hw>Cav"in</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See

<er>Cave</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A hollow way,

adapted to cover troops, and facilitate their aproach to a

place.</def>



<au>Farrow.</au>



<hw>Cav"i*ta*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Containing a body cavity; <as>as, the

<ex>cavitary</ex> or nematoid worms</as>.</def>



<hw>Cav"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Cavities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>cavus</ets>

hollow: cf. F. <ets>cavit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Hollowness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The <qex>cavity</qex> or hollowness of the place.</q>

<qau>Goodwin.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A hollow place; a hollow; <as>as, the abdominal

<ex>cavity</ex></as>.</def>



<q>An instrument with a small <qex>cavity</qex>, like a small

spoon</q>.

<qau>Arbuthot.</qau>



<q>Abnormal spaces or excavations are frequently formed in the

lungs, which are designated <qex>cavities</qex> or vomic\'91.</q>

<qau>Quain.</qau>



<cs><col>Body cavity</col>, <cd>the c\'d2lum. See under

<er>Body</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ca"vo-re*lie"vo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Cavo-rilievo.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ca"vo-ri*lie"vo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Sculp.)</fld> <def>Hollow relief;

sculpture in relief within a sinking made for the purpose, so no

part of it projects beyond the plain surface around.</def>



<hw>Ca*vort"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Cavorted</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Cavorting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To

prance ostentatiously; -- said of a horse or his rider.</def>

<mark>[Local slang U. S.]</mark>



<hw>Ca"vy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Cavies</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>. <ety>[NL. <ets>cavia, fr.

Brazilian <ets>cabiai</ets>: cf. F. <ets>cabiai</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A rodent of the genera

<spn>cavia</spn> and <spn>Dolichotis</spn>, as the guinea pig

(<spn>Cavia cabaya</spn>). Cavies are natives of South

America.</def>



<cs><col>Water cavy</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>The

capybara.</cd></cs>



<hw>Caw</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp.

& p. p.</pos> <er>Cawed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Cawing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Imitative. \'fb22

Cf. <er>Chough</er>.]</ety> <def>To cry like a crow, rook, or

raven.</def>



<q>Rising and <qex>cawing</qex> at the gun's report.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Caw</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The cry made by the crow, rook,

or raven.</def>



<hw>Cawk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prov. E.

<ets>cauk</ets> limestone. A doublet of <ets>chalk</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An opaque, compact variety of barite, or

heavy spar.</def> <altsp>[Also written <er>cauk</er>.]</altsp>



<hw>Cawk"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Calker</er>.</def>



<hw>Cawk"y</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to cawk;

like cawk.</def>



<hw>Cax"on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A kind of

wig.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Lamb.</au>



<hw>Cax"ton</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bibliog.)</fld> <def>Any book printed by William

<xex>Caxton</xex>, the first English printer.</def>



<au>Hansard.</au>



<hw>Cay</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Key</er>, a

ledge.</def>



<hw>Cay*enne</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<ets>Cayenne</ets>, a town and island in French Guiana, South

America.]</ety> <def>Cayenne pepper.</def>



<cs><col>Cayenne pepper</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<cd>A species of <spn>capsicum</spn> (<spn>C. frutescens</spn>)

with small and intensely pungent fruit.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A

very pungent spice made by drying and grinding the fruits or

seeds of several species of the genus <spn>Capsicum</spn>, esp.

<spn>C. annuum</spn> and <spn>C. Frutescens</spn>; -- Called also

<altname>red pepper</altname>. It is used chiefly as a

condiment.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cay"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From the

language of Guiana: cf. Sp. <ets>caiman</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The south America alligator. See

<er>Alligator</er>.</def> <altsp>[Sometimes written

<asp>caiman</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Ca*yu"gas</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos><def>;

<xex>sing</xex> <er>Cayuga</er>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> A tribe of

Indians formerly inbabiting western New-York, forming part of the

confederacy called the Five Nations.</def>



<hw>Cay*use"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An Indian

pony.</def> <mark>[Northw. U. S.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ca*zique"</hw>, <hw>Cazic"</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp. <ets>Cacique</ets>, fr. the language of

Hayti.]</ety> <def>A chief or petty king among some tribes of

Indians in America.</def>



<hw>Cease</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Ceased</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Ceasing</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OE. <ets>cessen</ets>, <ets>cesen</ets>, F.

<ets>cesser</ets>, fr. L. <ets>cessare</ets>, v. intemsive fr.

<ets>cedere</ets> to withdraw. See <er>Cede</er> , and cf.

<er>Cessation</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To come to an end; to

stop; to leave off or give over; to desist; <as>as, the noise

<ex>ceased</ex></def> \'bdTo <ex>cease</ex> from strife</as>.\'b8



<au>Prov. xx. 3.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be wanting; to fail; to pass away.</def>



<q>The poor shall never <qex>cease</qex> out of the land.</q>

<qau>Deut. xv. 11.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To intermit; desist; stop; abstain; quit;

discontinue; refrain; leave off; pause; end.</syn>



<hw>Cease</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To put a stop to; to bring

to an end.</def>



<q>But he, her fears to <qex>cease</qex>

Sent down the meek-eyed peace.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q><qex>Cease</qex>, then, this impious rage.</q>

<qau>Milton</qau>



<hw>Cease</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Extinction.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Cease"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without pause or end;

incessant.</def>



<hw>Cease"less</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Without intermission or

end.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cec`i*do*my"i*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Nl., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, a gall nut + <?/ a fly.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of small dipterous files,

including several very injurious species, as the Hessian fly. See

<er>Hessian fly</er>.</def>



<hw>Ce"ci*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>caecitas</ets>, fr. <ets>caecus</ets> blind: cf. F.

<ets>c\'82cit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Blindness.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne</au>.



<hw>Ce*cu"tien*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>caecutire</ets> to be blind, fr. <ets>caecus</ets>

blind.]</ety> <def>Partial blindness, or a tendency to

blindness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Ce"dar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>ceder</ets>, fr. L. <ets>cedrus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The name of several evergreen trees. The

wood is remarkable for its durability and fragrant odor.</def>



<note><hand/ The cedar of Lebanon is the <xex>Cedrus

Libani</xex>; the white cedar (<spn>Cupressus thyoides</spn>) is

now called <spn>Cham\'d2cyparis sph\'91roidea</spn>; American red

cedar is the <spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>; Spanish cedar, the

West Indian <spn>Cedrela odorata</spn>. Many other trees with

odoriferous wood are locally called <xex>cedar</xex>.</note>



<cs><col>Cedar bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a species of

chatterer (<spn>Ampelis cedrarum</spn>), so named from its

frequenting cedar trees; -- called also <altname>cherry

bird</altname>, <altname>Canada robin</altname>, and

<altname>American waxwing</altname>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ce"dar</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to

cedar.</def>



<hw>Ce"dared</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Covered, or

furnished with, cedars.</def>



<hw>Ce"darn</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to the cedar or its wood.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Cede</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Ceded</er>; <pos>p. pr. &

vb. n.</pos> <er>Ceding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>cedere</ets> to withdraw, yield; akin to <ets>cadere</ets>

to fall, and to E. <ets>chance</ets>; cf. F.

<ets>c\'82der</ets>.]</ety> <def>To yield or surrender; to give

up; to resign; <as>as, to <ex>cede</ex> a fortress, a province,

or country, to another nation, by treaty</as>.</def>



<q>The people must <xex>cede</xex> to the government some of

their natural rights.</q>

<qau>Jay.</qau>



<hw>Ce*dil"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.

<ets>cedilla</ets>, cf. F. <ets>c\'82dille</ets>; dim. of

<ets>zeta</ets>, the Gr. name of the letter <ets>z</ets>, because

this letter was formerly written after the <ets>c</ets>, to give

it the sound of <ets>s</ets>.]</ety> <def>A mark placed under the

letter <xex>c</xex> [thus, \'87], to show that it is to be

sounded like <xex>s</xex>, as in <xex>fa\'87ade</xex>.</def>



<hw>Ce"drat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>c\'82drat</ets>. See <er>Cedar</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Properly the citron, a variety of

<xex>Citrus medica</xex>, with large fruits, not acid, and having

a high perfume.</def>



<hw>Ce"drene</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>A rich aromatic oil, <chform>C15H24</chform>, extracted from

oil of red cedar, and regarded as a polymeric terpene; also any

one of a class of similar substances, as the essential oils of

cloves, cubebs, juniper, etc., of which cedrene proper is the

type.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>cedren</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Ce"drine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cedrinus</ets>, Gr. <?/. See <er>Cedar</er>.]</ety> <def>Of

or pertaining to cedar or the cedar tree.</def>



<hw>Ce"dri*ret</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>C\'d2rulignone</er>.</def>



<hw>Ce"dry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of the nature of

cedar.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ced"ule</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>c\'82dule</ets>, fr. L. <ets>shedula</ets>. See

<er>Shedule</er>.]</ety> <def>A scroll; a writing; a

schedule.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ced"u*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>caeduus</ets>, fr. <ets>caedere</ets> to cut down.]</ety>

<def>Fit to be felled.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Eyelyn.</au>



<hw>Ceil</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Ceiled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Ceiling</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[From an older noun, fr. F. <ets>ciel</ets> heaven, canopy,

fr. L. <ets>carlum</ets> heaven, vault, arch, covering; cf. Gr.

<?/ hollow.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To overlay or cover the inner

side of the roof of; to furnish with a ceiling; <as>as, to ceil a

room</as>.</def>



<q>The greater house he <qex>ceiled</qex> with fir tree.</q>

<qau>2 Chron. iii. 5</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To line or finish a surface, as of a wall, with

plaster, stucco, thin boards, or the like.</def>



<hw>Ceil"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Cell</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>The inside lining of a room overhead; the under side of the

floor above; the upper surface opposite to the floor.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The lining or finishing of any wall or other

surface, with plaster, thin boards, etc.; also, the work when

done.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The inner planking of a

vessel.</def>



<cs><col>Camp ceiling</col>. <cd>See under <er>Camp</er>.</cd> --

<col>Ceiling boards</col>, <cd>Thin narrow boards used to ceil

with.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ceint</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Cincture</er>.]</ety> <def>A girdle.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Cel"a*don</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<def>A pale sea-green color; also, porcelain or fine pottery of

this tint.</def>



<hw>Cal"an*dine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>celidoine</ets>, OF. <ets>celidoine</ets>, F.

<ets>ch\'82lidoine</ets>, fr. L. <ets>chelidonia</ets> (sc.

<ets>herba</ets>), fr. <ets>chelidonius</ets> pertaining to the

swallow, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ the swallow, akin to L.

<ets>hirundo</ets> a swallow.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

perennial herbaceous plant (<spn>Chelidonium majus</spn>) of the

poppy family, with yellow flowers. It is used as a medicine in

jandice, etc., and its acrid saffron-colored juice is used to

cure warts and the itch; -- called also <altname>greater

celandine</altname> and <altname>swallowwort</altname>.</def>



<cs><col>Lasser celandine</col>, <cd>the pilewort

(<spn>Ranunculus Ficaria</spn>).</cd></cs>



<hw>Cel"a*ture</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>caelatura</ets>, fr. <ets>caelare</ets> to engrave in

relief.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or art of engraving or

embossing.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is engraved.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Hakewill.</au>



<hw>Cel"e*brant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>celebrans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>celebrare</ets>. See

<er>Celebrate</er>.]</ety> <def>One who performs a public

religious rite; -- applied particularly to an officiating priest

in the Roman Catholic Church, as distinguished from his

assistants.</def>



<hw>Cel"e*brate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Celebrated</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Celebrating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>celebratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>celebrare</ets> to frequent,

to celebrate, fr. <ets>celeber</ets> famous.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To extol or honor in a solemn manner; <as>as, to

<ex>celebrate</ex> the name of the Most High</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To honor by solemn rites, by ceremonies of joy

and respect, or by refraining from ordinary business; to observe

duly; to keep; <as>as, to <ex>celebrate</ex> a

birthday</as>.</def>



<q>Fron even unto shall ye <qex>celebrate</qex> your Sabbath.</q>

<qau>Lev. xxiii. 32.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To perforn or participate in, as a sacrament or

solemn rite; to solemnize; to perform with appropriate rites;

<as>as, to <ex>celebrate</ex> a marriage</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- To commemorate; distinguish; honor.</syn> <usage> --

To <er>Celebrate</er>, <er>Commemorate</er>. We

<xex>commemorate</xex> events which we desire to keep in

remembrance, when we recall them by some special observace; as,

to <xex>commemorate</xex> the death of our Savior. We

<xex>celebrate</xex> by demonstrations of joy or solemnity or by

appropriate ceremonies; as, to <xex>celebrate</xex> the birthday

of our Independence.</usage>



<q>We are called upon to <qex>commemorate</qex> a revolution as

surprising in its manner as happy in its consequences.</q>

<qau>Atterbury.</qau>



<q>Earth, water, air, and fire, with feeling glee,

Exult to <qex>celebrate</qex> thy festival.</q>

<qau>Thomson.</qau>



<hw>Cel"e*bra`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

celebrity; distinguished; renowned.</def>



<q><qex>Celebrated</qex> for the politeness of his manners.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Distinguished; famous; noted; famed; renowned;

illustrious. See <er>Distinguished</er>.</syn>



<hw>Cel`e*bra"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>celebratio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act, process, or time of

celebrating.</def>



<q>His memory deserving a particular <qex>celebration</qex>.</q>

<qau>Clarendok.</qau>



<q><qex>Celebration</qex> of Mass is equivalent to offering

Mass</q>

<qau>Cath. Dict.</qau>



<q>To hasten the <qex>celebration</qex> of their marriage.</q>

<qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau>



<hw>Cel"e*bra`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who celebrates; a praiser.</def>



<au>Boyle.</au>



<hw>Ce*le"bri*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Famous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Speed.</au>



<hw>Ce*leb"ri*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Celebriries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L.

<ets>celebritas</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>c\'82l\'82brit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Celebration; solemnization.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The <qex>celebrity</qex> of the marriage.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state or condition of being celebrated;

fame; renown; <as>as, the <ex>celebrity</ex> of

Washington</as>.</def>



<q>An event of great <qex>celebrity</qex> in the history of

astronomy.</q>

<qau>Whewell.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A person of distinction or renown; -- usually in

the plural; <as>as, he is one of the <ex>celebrities</ex> of the

place</as>.</def>



<hw>Ce*le"ri*ac</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Turnip-rooted celery, a from of celery

with a large globular root, which is used for food.</def>



<hw>Ce*ler"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>celeritas</ets>, from <ets>celer</ets> swiftm speedy: sf. F.

<ets>c\'82l\'82rit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Rapidity of motion;

quickness; swiftness.</def>



<q>Time, with all its <qex>celerity</qex>, moves slowly to him

whose whole employment is to watch its flight.</q>

<qau>Johnson.</qau>



<hw>Cel"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>c\'82leri</ets>, cf. Prov. It. <ets>seleno</ets>,

<ets>seler</ets>; fr. Gr. <?/ parsley, in Lgr. & NGr.

<ets>celery</ets>. <ets>Cf</ets>. <er>Parsley</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the Parsley family (<spn>Apium

graveolens</spn>), of which the blanched leafstalks are used as a

salad.</def>



<hw>Ce*les"tial</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>celestial</ets>, <ets>celestied</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>caelestic</ets>, fr. <ets>caelum</ets> heaved. See

<er>Cell</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Belonging to the a\'89rial

regions, or visible heavens.</def> \'bdThe twelve

<xex>celestial</xex> signs.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the spiritual heaven;

heavenly; divine.</def>  \'bd<xex>Celestial</xex> spirits.\'b8

\'bd<xex>Celestial</xex> light,\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<cs><col>Celestial city</col>, <cd>heaven; the heavenly

Jerusalem.</cd> <au>Bunyan</au>. -- <col>Celestial empire</col>,

<cd>China; -- so called from the Chinese words, <xex>tien

chan<xex>, Heavenly Dynasty, as being the kingdom ruled over by

the dynasty appoined by heaven.</cd>



<au>S. W. Williams.</au>

</cs>



<hw>Ce*les"tial</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An

inhabitant of heaven.</def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A native of China.</def>



<hw>Ce*les"tial*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

make celestial.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ce*les"tial*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a celestial

manner.</def>



<hw>Ce*les"ti*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>caelestis</ets> heavenly + <ets>-fly</ets>.]</ety> <def>To

make like heaven.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cel"es*tine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Cel"es*tite</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>caelestinus</ets> bine.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Native

strontium sulphate, a mineral so named from its occasional

delicate blue color. It occurs crystallized, also in compact

massive and fibrous forms.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cel"es*tine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Cel`es*tin"i*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>A monk of the austere branch of the

Franciscan Order founded by Celestine V. in the 13th

centry.</def>



<hw>Ce"li*ac</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>See C\'d2llac.</def>



<hw>Ce*lib"a*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Celibate</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>The state of being

unmarried; single life, esp. that of a bachelor, or of one bound

by vows not to marry.</def> \'bdThe <xex>celibacy</xex> of the

clergy.\'b8



<au>Hallom.</au>



<hw>Cel"i*bate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aelibatus</ets>, fr. <ets>caelebs</ets> unmarried,

single.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Celibate state; celibacy.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>He . . . preferreth holy <qex>celibate</qex> before the estate

of marrige.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who is unmarried, esp. a bachelor, or one

bound by vows not to marry.</def>



<hw>Cel"i*bate</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Unmarried; single;

<as>as, a <ex>celibate</ex> state</as>.</def>



<hw>Ce*lib"a*tist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

lives unmarried.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Cel`i*dog"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/, <?/ stain, spot + <ets>-graphy</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>c\'82lidographie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A description of

apparent spots on the disk of the sun, or on planets.</def>



<hw>Cell</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>celle</ets>, fr. L. <ets>cella</ets>; akin to

<ets>celare</ets> to hide, and E. <ets>hell</ets>,

<ets>helm</ets>, <ets>conceal</ets>. Cf. <er>Hall</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A very small and close apartment, as in a prison

or in a monastery or convent; the hut of a hermit.</def>



<q>The heroic confessor in his <qex>cell</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A small religious house attached to a monastery

or convent.</def> \'bd<xex>Cells</xex> or dependent priories.\'b8



<au>Milman.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Any small cavity, or hollow place.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The space

between the ribs of a vaulted roof.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Same

as <er>Cella</er>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>A jar of vessel, or a

division of a compound vessel, for holding the exciting fluid of

a battery.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>One of the minute elementary

structures, of which the greater part of the various tissues and

organs of animals and plants are composed.</def>



<note><hand/ All cells have their origin in the primary cell from

which the organism was developed. In the lowest animal and

vegetable forms, one single cell constitutes the complete

individual, such being called <xex>unicelluter orgamisms</xex>. A

typical cell is composed of a semifluid mass of protoplasm, more

or less granular, generally containing in its center a nucleus

which in turn frequently contains one or more nucleoli, the whole

being surrounded by a thin membrane, the cell wall. In some

cells, as in those of blood, in the am\'d2ba, and in embryonic

cells (both vegetable and animal), there is no restricting cell

wall, while in some of the unicelluliar organisms the nucleus is

wholly wanting. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of

<er>Bipolar</er>.</note>



<cs><col>Air cell</col>. <cd>See <er>Air cell</er>.</cd> --

<col>Cell development</col> <cd>(called also <altname>cell

genesis</altname>, <altname>cell formation</altname>, and

<altname>cytogenesis</altname>), the multiplication, of cells by

a process of reproduction under the following common forms;

<xex>segmentation<xex> or <xex>fission<xex>, <xex>gemmation<xex>

or <xex>budding<xex>, <xex>karyokinesis<xex>, and <xex>endogenous

multiplication<xex>. See <er>Segmentation</er>,

<er>Gemmation</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Cell theory</col>.

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Cellular theory</cref>, under

<er>Cellular</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cell</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Celled</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To place or inclosed in a

cell.</def> \'bd<xex>Celled</xex> under ground.\'b8

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Warner.</au>



<hw>\'d8Cel"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.]</ety>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The part inclosed within the walls of an

ancient temple, as distinguished from the open porticoes.</def>



<hw>Cel"lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>celer</ets>, OF. <ets>celier</ets>, F. <ets>celier</ets>,

fr. L. <ets>cellarium</ets> a receptacle for food, pantry, fr.

<ets>cella</ets> storeroom. See <er>Cell</er>.]</ety> <def>A room

or rooms under a building, and usually below the surface of the

ground, where provisions and other stores are kept.</def>



<hw>Cel"lar*age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The space or storerooms of a cellar; a cellar.</def>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<q>You hear this fellow in the <qex>cellarage</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Chare for storage in a cellar.</def>



<hw>Cel"lar*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>cellararius</ets>, equiv. to L. <ets>cellarius</ets>

steward: cf. F. <ets>cell\'82rier</ets>. See

<er>Cellar</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A steward or

butler of a monastery or chapter; one who has charge of procuring

and keeping the provisions.</def>



<hw>Cel`lar*et"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Dim of

<ets>cellar</ets>.]</ety> <def>A receptacle, as in a dining room,

for a few bottles of wine or liquor, made in the form of a chest

or coffer, or a deep drawer in a sideboard, and usually lined

with metal.</def>



<hw>Cel"lar*ist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Cellarer</er>.</def>



<hw>Celled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Containing a

cell or cells.</def>



<hw>Cel"le*pore</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cella</ets> cell + <ets>porus</ets>, Gr. <?/,

passage.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of delicate

branching corals, made up of minute cells, belonging to the

Bryozoa.</def>



<hw>Cel*lif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cell</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bearing

or producing cells.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cel"lo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.

<plw>Cellos</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, It. <plw>Celli</plw>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>A contraction for

<er>Violoncello</er>.</def>



<hw>Cel"lu*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cellula</ets> a little cell: cf. F. <ets>cellulaire</ets>.

See <er>Cellule</er>.]</ety> <def>Consisting of, or containing,

cells; of or pertaining to a cell or cells.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Cellular plants</col>, <col>Cellular

cryptogams</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>those flowerless

plants which have no ducts or fiber in their tissue, as mosses,

fungi, lichens, and alg\'91.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Cellular

theory</col>, <or/ <col>Cell theory</col></mcol>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld>, <cd>a theory, according to which the

essential element of every tissue, either vegetable or animal, is

a cell; the whole series of cells having been formed from the

development of the germ cell and by differentiation converted

into tissues and organs which, both in plants ans animals, are to

be considered as a mass of minute cells communicating with each

other.</cd> -- <col>Cellular tissue</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> See <cref>conjunctive tissue</cref> under

<er>Conjunctive</er>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> Tissue

composed entirely of parenchyma, and having no woody fiber or

ducts.</cd></cs>

<-- <col>cellular telephone</col>,  <cd>a portable

radio-telephone transmitting and receiving the radio-telephonic

signals from one of a group of transmitter-receiver stations so

arranged that they provide adequate signal contact for such

telephones over a certain geographical area.  The area within

which one transmitter may service such portable telephones is

called its "cell.</cd> -->



<hw>Cel"lu*la`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Cellular.</def>



<au>Caldwell.</au>



<hw>Cel"lule</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cellula</ets> a small apartment, dim. of <ets>cella</ets>:

cf. F. <ets>cellule</ets>. See <er>Cell</er>.]</ety> <def>A small

cell.</def>



<hw>Cel`lu*lif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cellula</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bearing or

producing little cells.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cel`lu*li"tis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. L. <ets>cellula</ets> + <ets>-itis</ets>.]</ety> <def>An

inflammantion of the cellular or areolar tissue, esp. of that

lying immediately beneath the skin.</def>



<hw>Cel"lu*loid`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cellulose</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

substance composed essentially of gun cotton and camphor, and

when pure resembling ivory in texture and color, but variously

colored to imitate coral, tortoise shell, amber, malachite, etc.

It is used in the manufacture of jewelry and many small articles,

as combs, brushes, collars, and cuffs; -- originaly called

<xex>xylonite</xex>.</def>



<hw>Cel"lu*lose`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Consisting

of, or containing, cells.</def>



<hw>Cel"lu*lose`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The

substance which constitutes the essential part of the solid

framework of plants, of ordinary wood, linen, paper, etc. It is

also found to a slight extent in certain animals, as the

tunicates. It is a carbohydrate, <chform>(C6H10O5)n</chform>,

isomeric with starch, and is convertible into starches and sugars

by the action of heat and acids. When pure, it is a white

amorphous mass. See <er>Starch</er>, <er>Granulose</er>,

<er>Lignin</er>.</def>



<q>Unsized, well bleached linen paper is merely pure

<qex>cellulose</qex>.</q>

<qau>Goodale.</qau>



<cs><col>Starch cellulose</col>, <cd>the delicate framework which

remains when the soluble part (granulose) of starch is removed by

saliva or pepsin.</cd></cs>



<au>Goodale.</au>



<hw>Ce*lot"o*my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/;

<?/ hernia + <?/ to cut.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The act or

operation of cutting, to relieve the structure in strangulated

hernia.</def> <altsp>[Frequently written

<asp>kelotomy</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Cel"si*ture</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>celstudo</ets>, from <ets>celsus</ets> high: cf.

<ets>celsitude</ets>.]</ety> <def>Height; altitude.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Cel"si*us</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The Celsius

thermometer or scale, so called from Anders Celsius, a Swedish

astronomer, who invented it. It is the same as the

<xex>centigrade</xex> thermometer or scale.</def>



<hw>Celt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Celtae</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/, pl.: cf. W. <ets>Celtiad</ets>

one that dwells in a covert, an inhabitant of the wood, a Celt,

fr. <ets>celt</ets> covert, shelter, <ets>celu</ets> to

hide.]</ety> <def>One of an ancient race of people, who formerly

inhabited a great part of Central and Western Europe, and whose

descendants at the present day occupy Ireland, Wales, the

Highlands of Scotland, and the northern shores of France.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>Kelt</asp>. The letter C was pronounced

hard in Celtic languages.]</altsp>



<hw>Celt</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL. <ets>celts</ets> a

chisel.]</ety> <fld>(Arch\'91ol.)</fld> <def>A weapon or

implement of stone or metal, found in the tumuli, or barrows, of

the early Celtic nations.</def>



<hw>Celt`i*be"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Celtiber</ets>, <ets>Celtibericus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or

pertaining to the ancient Celtiberia (a district in Spain lying

between the Ebro and the Tagus) or its inhabitants the Celtiberi

(Celts of the river Iberus).</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>An

inhabitant of Celtiberia.</def></def2>



<hw>Celt"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Celticus</ets>, Gr. <?/. See <er>Celt</er>.]</ety> <def>Of

or pertaining to the Celts; <as>as, <ex>Celtic</ex> people,

tribes, literature, tongue</as>.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>Keltic</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Celt"ic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The language of the

Celts.</def>



<note><hand/ The remains of the old Celtic language are found in

the Gaelic, the Erse or Irish the Manx, and the Welsh and its

cognate dialects Cornish and Bas Breton.</note>



<hw>Celt"i*cism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A custom of

the Celts, or an idiom of their language.</def>



<au>Warton.</au>



<hw>Celt"i*cize`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

render Celtic; to assimilate to the Celts.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cem"ba*lo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It. See

<er>Cymbal</er>.]</ety> <def>An old mname for the

harpsichord.</def>



<hw>Ce*ment"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>cement</ets>, <ets>ciment</ets>, F. <ets>ciment</ets>, fr.

L. <ets>caementum</ets> a rough, unhewn stone, pieces or chips of

marble, from which mortar was made, contr. fr.

<ets>caedimentum</ets>, fr. <ets>caedere</ets> to cut, prob. akin

to <ets>scindere</ets> to cleave, and to E. <ets>shed</ets>, v.

t.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Any substance used for making bodies

adhere to each other, as mortar, glue, etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A kind of calcined limestone, or a calcined

mixture of clay and lime, for making mortar which will harden

under water.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The powder used in cementation. See

<er>Cementation</er>, <pos>n.</pos>., 2.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Bond of union; that which unites firmly, as

persons in friendship, or men in society.</def> \'bdThe

<xex>cement of our love</xex>.\'b8



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The layer of bone investing

the root and neck of a tooth; -- called also

<altname>cementum</altname>.</def>



<cs><col>Hydraulic cement</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Hydraulic</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ce*ment"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Cemented</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Cementing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>cimenter</ets>. See <er>Cement</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To unite or cause to adhere by means of a

cement.</def>



<au>Bp. Burnet.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To unite firmly or closely.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To overlay or coat with cement; <as>as, to

<ex>cement</ex> a cellar bottom</as>.</def>



<hw>Ce*ment"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To become cemented or

firmly united; to cohere.</def>



<au>S. Sharp.</au>



<hw>Ce*ment"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to cement, as of a tooth; <as>as, <ex>cemental</ex>

tubes</as>.</def>



<au>R. Owen.</au>



<hw>Cem`en*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act or process of cementing.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A process which consists in

surrounding a solid body with the powder of other substances, and

heating the whole to a degree not sufficient to cause fusion, the

physical properties of the body being changed by chemical

combination with powder; thus iron becomes steel by cementation

with charcoal, and green glass becomes porcelain by cementation

with sand.</def>



<hw>Ce*ment"a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

the quality of cementating or uniting firmly.</def>



<hw>Ce*ment"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A person or

thing that cements.</def>



<hw>Cem`en*ti"tious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>caementitius</ets> pertaining to quarry stones. See

<er>Cement</er>, <pos>n.</pos> ]</ety> <def>Of the nature of

cement.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Forsyth.</au>



<hw>Cem`e*te"ri*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to a cemetery.</def> \'bd<xex>Cemeterial</xex>

cells.\'b8 <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Cem"e*ter*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Cemeteries</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>. <ety>[L.

<ets>cemeterium</ets>, Gr. <?/ a sleeping chamber, burial place,

fr. <?/ to put to sleep.]</ety> <def>A place or ground set apart

for the burial of the dead; a graveyard; a churchyard; a

necropolis.</def>



<hw>Ce*nan"thy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

empty + <?/ a flower.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The absence

or suppression of the essential organs (stamens and pistil) in a

flower.</def>



<hw>Ce*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cenatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Meal-taking; dining or

supping.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Cen"a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cenatorius</ets>, fr. <ets>cenare</ets> to dine, sup, fr.

<ets>cena</ets>, <ets>coena</ets>, dinner, supper.]</ety> <def>Of

or pertaining to dinner or supper.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>The Romans washed, were anointed, and wore a

<qex>cenatory</qex> garment.</q>

<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>



<hw>Cen"o*bite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>coenobita</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ common + <?/ life: cf. F.

<ets>c\'82nobite</ets>.]</ety> <def>One of a religious order,

dwelling in a convent, or a community, in opposition to an

anchoret, or hermit, who lives in solitude.</def>



<au>Gibbon.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cen`o*bit"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Cen`o*bit"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>c\'82nobitique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or

pertaining to a cenobite.</def>



<hw>Cen"o*bi*tism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state

of being a cenobite; the belief or practice of a cenobite.</def>



<au>Milman.</au>



<hw>Ce*nog"a*my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

common + <?/ marriage.]</ety> <def>The state of a communty which

permits promiseuous sexual intercourse among its members, as in

certain societies practicing communism.</def>



<hw>Cen"o*taph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/;

<?/ empty + <?/ burial, tomb: cf. F.

<ets>c\'82notaphe</ets>.]</ety> <def>An empty tomb or a monument

erected in honor of a person who is buried elsewhere.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<q>A <qex>cenotaph</qex> in Westminster Abbey.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Cen"o*taph`y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

cenotaph.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Lord Cobham honored him with a <qex>cenotaphy</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Ce`no*zo"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

recent + <?/ life.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Belonging to

the most recent division of geological time, including the

tertiary, or Age of mammals, and the Quaternary, or Age of man.

<altsp>[Written also <asp>c\'91nozoic</asp>,

<asp>cainozoic</asp>, <asp>kainozoic</asp>.]</altsp> See

<er>Geology</er>.</def>



<note><hand/ This word is used by many authors as synonymous with

<xex>Tertiary</xex>, the Quaternary Age not being

included.</note>



<hw>Cense</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>cense</ets>, F. <ets>cens</ets>, L. <ets>census</ets>. See

<er>Census</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A census; -- also, a

public rate or tax.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Howell. Bacon.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Condition; rank.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Cense</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Censed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Censing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Abbrev. from

<ets>incense</ets>.]</ety> <def>To perfume with odors from

burning gums and spices.</def>



<q>The Salii sing and <qex>cense</qex> his altars round.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Cense</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To burn or scatter

incense.</def>



<hw>Cen"ser</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[For

<ets>incenser</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>encensier</ets>, F.

<ets>encensoir</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>incensarium</ets>,

<ets>incensorium</ets>, fr. L. <ets>incensum</ets> incense. See

<er>Incense</er>, and cf. <er>Incensory</er>.]</ety> <def>A

vessel for perfumes; esp. one in which incense is burned.</def>



<note><hand/ The ecclesiastical censer is usually cup-shaped, has

a cover pierced with holes, and is hung by chains. The censer

bearer swings it to quicken the combustion.</note>



<q>Her thoughts are like the fume of frankincense

Which from a golden <qex>censer</qex> forth doth rise.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Cen"sor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>censor</ets>, fr. <ets>censere</ets> to value, tax.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <def>One of two magistrates of

Rome who took a register of the number and property of citizens,

and who also exercised the office of inspector of morals and

conduct.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who is empowered to examine manuscripts

before they are committed to the press, and to forbid their

publication if they contain anything obnoxious; -- an official in

some European countries.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>One given to fault-finding; a censurer.</def>



<q>Nor can the most circumspect attention, or steady rectitude,

escape blame from <qex>censors</qex> who have no inclination to

approve.</q>

<qau>Rambler.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A critic; a reviewer.</def>



<q>Received with caution by the <qex>censors</qex> of the

press.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<hw>Cen*so"ri*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Belonging to a censor, or to the correction of public

morals.</def>



<au>Junius.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Full of censure; censorious.</def>



<q>The <qex>censorial</qex> declamation of Juvenal.</q>

<qau>T. Warton.</qau>



<hw>Cen*so"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Censorial.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Cen*so"ri*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>censorius</ets> pertaining to the censor. See

<er>Censor</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Addicted to censure; apt

to blame or condemn; severe in making remarks on others, or on

their writings or manners.</def>



<q>A dogmatical spirit inclines a man to be <qex>consorious</qex>

of his neighbors.</q>

<qau>Watts.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Implying or expressing censure; <as>as,

<ex>censorious</ex> remarks</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Fault-finding; carping; caviling; captious; severe;

condemnatory; hypercritical.</syn>



-- <wordforms><wf>Cen*so"ri*ous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Cen*so"ri*ous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Cen"sor*ship</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The office

or power of a censor; <as>as, to stand for a

<ex>censorship</ex></as>.</def>



<au>Holland.</au>



<q>The press was not indeed at that moment under a general

<qex>censorship</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Cen"su*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>censualis</ets>, fr. <ets>census</ets>.]</ety> <def>Relating

to, or containing, a census.</def>



<q>He caused the whole realm to be described in a

<qex>censual</qex> roll.</q>

<qau>Sir R. Baker.</qau>



<hw>Cen"sur*a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Deserving

of censure; blamable; culpable; reprehensible; <as>as, a

<ex>censurable</ex> person, or <ex>censurable</ex>

conduct</as>.</def>



-- <wordforms><wf>Cen"sur*a*bleness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos> --

<wf>Cen"sur*a*bly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Cen"sure</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>censura</ets> fr. <ets>censere</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>censure</ets>. Cf. <er>Censor</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Judgment either favorable or unfavorable; opinion.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Take each man's <qex>censure</qex>, but reserve thy

judgment.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of blaming or finding fault with and

condemning as wrong; reprehension; blame.</def>



<q>Both the <qex>censure</qex> and the praise were merited.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Judicial or ecclesiastical sentence or

reprimand; condemnatory judgment.</def>



<q>Excommunication or other <qex>censure</qex> of the church.</q>

<qau>Bp. Burnet.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Blame; reproof; condemnation; reprobation;

disapproval; disapprobation; reprehension; animadversion;

reprimand; reflection; dispraise; abuse.</syn>



<hw>Cen"sure</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Censured</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Censuring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>ensurer</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To form or express a

judgment in regard to; to estimate; to judge.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdShould I say more, you might well

<xex>censure</xex> me a flatterer.\'b8



<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To find fault with and condemn as wrong; to

blame; to express disapprobation of.</def>



<q>I may be <qex>censured</qex> that nature thus gives way to

loyalty.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To condemn or reprimand by a judicial or

ecclesiastical sentence.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- To blame; reprove; rebuke; condemn; reprehend;

reprimand.</syn>



<hw>Cen"sure</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To judge.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Cen"sur*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

censures.</def>



<au>Sha.</au>



<hw>Cen"sus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>census</ets>, fr. <ets>censere</ets>. See

<er>Censor</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot. Antiq.)</fld>

<def>A numbering of the people, and valuation of their estate,

for the purpose of imposing taxes, etc.; -- usually made once in

five years.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An official registration of the number of the

people, the value of their estates, and other general statistics

of a country.</def>



<note><hand/ A general census of the United States was first

taken in 1790, and one has been taken at the end of every ten

years since.</note>



<hw>Cent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<pos>F. cent

hundred, L. centum. See</pos> <er>Hundred</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A hundred; <as>as, ten per <ex>cent</ex>, the

proportion of ten parts in a hundred</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A United States coin, the hundredth part of a

dollar, formerly made of copper, now of copper, tin, and

zinc.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An old game at cards, supposed to be like

piquet; -- so called because 100 points won the game.</def>



<au>Nares.</au>



<hw>Cent"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Rate by the

hundred; percentage.</def>



<hw>Cen"tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>centum</ets> a hundred.]</ety> <def>A weight of one hundred

pounds avoirdupois; -- called in many parts of the United States

a <xex>Hundredweight</xex>.</def>



<hw>Cen"tal</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Relating to a hundred.</def>



<cs><col>Cental system</col>, <cd>the method of buying and

selling by the cental, or hundredweight.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cen"tare`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>centiare</ets>; <ets>centi</ets>- (L. <ets>centum</ets>) +

<ets>-are</ets>.]</ety> <def>A measure of area, the hundredth

part of an are; one square meter, or about 1<frac15/ square

yards.</def>



<hw>Cen"taur</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>centaurus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>A fabulous being,

represented as half man and half horse.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A constellation in the

southern heavens between Hydra and the Southern Cross.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cen`tau*re"a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.

See <er>Centaury</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A large

genus of composite plants, related to the thistles and including

the cornflower or bluebottle (<spn>Centaurea Cyanus</spn>) and

the star thistle (<spn>C. Calcitrapa</spn>).</def>



<hw>Cen"tau*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>centaureum</ets> and <ets>centauria</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/, and

<?/, fr. the Centaur Chiron.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

gentianaceous plant not fully identified. The name is usually

given to the <spn>Eryther\'91a Centaurium</spn> and the

<spn>Chlora perfoliata</spn> of Europe, but is also extended to

the whole genus <spn>Sabbatia</spn>, and even to the unrelated

<spn>Centaurea</spn>.</def>



<hw>Cen`te*na"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

relating to a hundred years.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A

person a hundred years old.</def></def2>



<hw>Cen"te*na*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>centenarius</ets>, fr. <ets>centum</ets> a hundred.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Relating to, or consisting of, a hundred.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Occurring once in every hundred years;

centennial.</def> \'bd<xex>Centenary</xex> solemnities.\'b8



<au>Fuller.</au>



<hw>Cen"te*na*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Centenaries</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

aggregate of a hundred single things; specifically, a

century.</def> \'bdEvery <xex>centenary</xex> of years.\'b8



<au>Hakewill.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A commemoration or celebration of an event which

occurred a hudred years before.</def>



<hw>Cen*ten"ni*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>centum</ets> a hundred + <ets>annus</ets> year.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Relating to, or associated with, the

commemoration of an event that happened a hundred years before;

<as>as, a <ex>centennial</ex> ode</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Happening once in a hundred years; <as>as,

<ex>centennial</ex> jubilee; a <ex>centennial</ex>

celebration.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Lasting or aged a hundred years.</def>



<q>Thet opened through long lines

Of sacred ilex and <qex>centennial</qex> pines.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<hw>Cen*ten"ni*al</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The celebration of the

hundredth anniversary of any event; a centenary.</def> <mark>[U.

S.]</mark>



<hw>Cen*ten"ni*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Once in a hundred

years.</def>



<hw>Cen"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>centre</ets>, fr. L. <ets>centrum</ets>, fr. round which a

circle is described, fr. <?/ to prick, goad.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A point equally distant from the extremities of a line,

figure, or body, or from all parts of the circumference of a

circle; the middle point or place.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The middle or central portion of anything.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A principal or important point of concentration;

the nucleus around which things are gathered or to which they

tend; an object of attention, action, or force; <as>as, a

<ex>center</ex> of attaction</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The earth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Those members of a legislative assembly (as in

France) who support the existing government. They sit in the

middle of the legislative chamber, opposite the presiding

officer, between the conservatives or monarchists, who sit on the

right of the speaker, and the radicals or advanced republicans

who occupy the seats on his left, See <er>Right</er>, and

<er>Left</er>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A temporary structure upon

which the materials of a vault or arch are supported in position

util the work becomes self-supporting.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of the two

conical steel pins, in a lathe, etc., upon which the work is

held, and about which it revolves.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A

conical recess, or indentation, in the end of a shaft or other

work, to receive the point of a center, on which the work can

turn, as in a lathe.</def>



<note><hand/ In a lathe the <col>live center</col> is in the

spindle of the head stock; the <col>dead center</col> is on the

tail stock. <col>Planer centers</col> are stocks carrying

centers, when the object to be planed must be turned on its

axis.</note>



<cs><col>Center of an army</col>, <cd>the body or troops

ossupying the place in the line between the wings.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Center of a curve</col> <or/ <col>surface</col></mcol>

<fld>(Geom.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A point such that every line

drawn through the point and terminated by the curve or surface is

bisected at the point.<cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The fixed point of

reference in polar co\'94rdinates. See

<er>Co\'94rdinates</er>.</cd> -- <col>Center of curvature of a

curve</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>the center of that circle

which has at any given point of the curve closer contact with the

curve than has any other circle whatever. See

<er>Circle</er>.</cd> -- <col>Center of a fleet</col>, <cd>the

division or column between the van and rear, or between the

weather division and the lee.</cd> -- <col>Center of

gravity</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>that point of a body about

which all its parts can be balanced, or which being supported,

the whole body will remain at rest, though acted upon by

gravity.</cd> -- <col>Center of gyration</col>

<fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>that point in a rotating body at which

the whole mass might be concentrated (theoretically) without

altering the resistance of the intertia of the body to angular

acceleration or retardaton.</cd> -- <col>Center of inertia</col>

<fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>the center of gravity of a body or system

of bodies.</cd> -- <col>Center of motion</col>, <cd>the point

which remains at rest, while all the other parts of a body move

round it.</cd> -- <col>Center of oscillation</col>, <cd>the point

at which, if the whole matter of a suspended body were collected,

the time of oscillation would be the same as it is in the actual

form and state of the body.</cd> -- <col>Center of

percussion</col>, <cd>that point in a body moving about a fixed

axis at which it may strike an obstacle without communicating a

shock to the axis.</cd> -- <col>Center of pressure</col>

<fld>(Hydros.)</fld>, <cd>that point in a surface pressed by a

fluid, at which, if a force equal to the whole pressure and in

the same line be applied in a contrary direction, it will balance

or counteract the whole pressure of the fluid.</cd></cs>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cen"ter</hw>, <hw>Cen"tre</hw>  }</mhw> <pos>v.

i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Centered</er> or

<er>Centred</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Centering</er> or <er>Centring</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To be placed in a center; to be central.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be collected to a point; to be concentrated;

to rest on, or gather about, as a center.</def>



<q>Where there is no visible truth wherein to <qex>center</qex>,

error is as wide as men's fancies.</q>

<qau>Dr. H. More.</qau>



<q>Our hopes must <qex>center</qex> in ourselves alone.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cen"ter</hw> , <hw>Cen"tre</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To place or fix in the center

or on a central point.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To collect to a point; to concentrate.</def>



<q>Thy joys are <qex>centered</qex> all in me alome.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>To form a recess or

indentation for the reception of a center.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cen"ter*bit`</hw>, <hw>Cen"tre*bit`</hw>, }</mhw>

<pos>n.</pos> <def>An instrument turning on a center, for boring

holes. See <er>Bit</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 3.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cen"ter*board`</hw>, <hw>Cen"tre*board</hw>, }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A movable or

sliding keel formed of a broad board or slab of wood or metal

which may be raised into a water-tight case amidships, when in

shallow water, or may be lowered to increase the area of lateral

resistance and prevent leeway when the vessel is beating to

windward. It is used in vessels of all sizes along the coast of

the United States</def>



<hw>Cen"ter*fire` car"tridge</hw>. <def>See under

<er>Cartridge</er>.</def>



<hw>Cen"ter*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Same

as <er>Center</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 6.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>centring</asp>.]</altsp>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cen"ter*piece`</hw>, <hw>Cen"tre*piece`</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An ornament to be placed in the

center, as of a table, ceiling, atc.; a central article or

figure.</def>



<hw>Cen*tes"i*mal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>centesimus</ets> the hundredth, fr. <ets>centum</ets> a

hundred: cf. F. <ets>cent\'82simal</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Hundredth.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A hundredth

part.</def></def2>



<q>The neglect of a few <qex>centesimals</qex>.</q>

<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>



<hw>Cen*tes`i*ma"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>centesimore</ets> to take out or select every hudredth, fr.

<ets>centesimus</ets> hundredth.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>

<def>The infliction of the death penalty upon one person in every

hundred, as in cases of mutiny.</def>



<-- "centesm" out of order in original -- some error. =

centesim?-->



<hw>Cen"tesm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>centesima</ets>.]</ety> <def>Hundredth.</def>



<hw>Cen*tes"i*mo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>-mi</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[It. & Sp.]</ety> <def>A

copper coin of Italy and Spain equivalent to a centime.</def>



<hw>Cen"ti*are`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See

<ets>Centare</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>centare</er>.</def>



<hw>Cen`ti*cip"i*tous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>centiceps</ets>, <ets>-cipitis</ets>; <ets>centum</ets> a

hunder + <ets>caput</ets> head.]</ety> <def>Hundred-headed.</def>



<hw>Cen*tif"i*dous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>centifidus</ets>; <ets>centum + findere</ets> to

split.]</ety> <def>Divided into a hundred parts.</def>



<hw>Cen`ti*fo"li*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>centifolius</ets>; <ets>centum + folium</ets> leaf.]</ety>

<def>Having a hundred leaves.</def>



<hw>Cen"ti*grade</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>centum</ets> a hundred + <ets>gradus</ets> degree: cf. F.

<ets>centigrade</ets>.]</ety> <def>Consisting of a hundred

degrees; graduated into a hundred divisions or equal parts.

Spesifically: of or pertaining the centigrade thermometer;

<as>as, 10\'f8 <ex>centigrade</ex> (or 10\'f8

<xex>C</xex></as>.).</def>



<cs><col>Centigrade thermometer</col>, <cd>a thermometer having

the zero or 0 at the point indicating the freezing state of

water, and the distance between that and the point indicating the

boiling state of water divided into one hundred degrees. It is

called also the <altname>Celsius thermometer</altname>, from

Anders Celsius, the originator of this scale.</cd></cs>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cen"ti*gram</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Cen"ti*gramme</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>centigramme</ets>; <ets>centi-</ets> (L. <ets>centum</ets>)

+ <ets>gramme</ets>.  See <er>Gram</er>.]</ety> <def>The

hundredth part of a gram; a weight equal to .15432 of a grain.

See <er>Gram</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cen"ti*li`ter</hw>, <hw>Cen"ti*li`tre</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>centilitre</ets>;

<ets>centi</ets> (L. <ets>centum</ets>) + <ets>litre</ets>. See

<er>Liter</er>.]</ety> <def>The hundredth part of a liter; a

measure of volume or capacity equal to a little more than six

tenths (0.6102) of a cubic inch, or one third (0.338) of a fluid

ounce.</def>



<hw>Cen*til"o*quy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>centum</ets> hundred + <ets>logui</ets> to speak.]</ety>

<def>A work divided into a hundred parts.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Burton.</au>



<hw>\'d8Cen`time"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.

L. <ets>centesimus</ets>. See <er>Centesimal</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(F. Coinage)</fld> <def>The hundredth part of a franc; a

small French copper coin and money of account.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cen"ti*me`ter</hw>, <hw>Cen"ti*me`tre</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>centim\'8atre</ets>;

<ets>centi-</ets> (L. <ets>centum</ets>) + <ets>m\'8atre</ets>.

See <er>Meter</er>.]</ety> <def>The hundredth part of a meter; a

measure of length equal to rather more than thirty-nine

hundredths (0.3937) of an inch. See <er>Meter</er>.</def>



<hw>Cen"ti*nel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Sentinel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sackville.</au>



<hw>Cen*tin"o*dy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>centum</ets> a hundred + <ets>nodus</ets> knot: cf. F.

<ets>centinode</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A weed with a

sterm of many joints (<spn>Illecebrum verticillatum</spn>); also,

the <spn>Polygonum aviculare</spn> or knotgrass.</def>



<hw>Cen"ti*ped</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>centipeda</ets>; <ets>centum</ets> a hundred +

<ets>pes</ets>, <ets>pedis</ets>, foot: cf. F.

<ets>centip\'8ade</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

species of the <spn>Myriapoda</spn>; esp. the large, flattened,

venomous kinds of the order Chilopoda, found in tropical

climates. they are many-jointed, and have a great number of

feet.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>centipede</asp>

(<?/).]</altsp>



<hw>Cen"ti*stere</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>centist\'8are</ets>; <ets>centi-</ets> (l.

<ets>centum</ets>) + <ets>st\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <def>The

hundredth part of a stere, equal to .353 cubic feet.</def>



<hw>Cent"ner</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. G.

<ets>centner</ets> a hundred-weight, fr. L.

<ets>centenarius</ets> of a hundred, fr. <ets>centum</ets> a

hundred.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Metal. & Assaying)</fld> <def>A

weight divisible first into a hundred parts, and then into

smaller parts.</def>



<note><hand/ The metallurgists use a weight divided into a

hundred equal parts, each one pound; the whole they call a

<xex>centner</xex>: the pound is divided into thirty-two parts,

or half ounces; the half ounce into two quarters; and each of

these into two drams.  But the assayers use different weights.

With them a <xex>centner</xex> is one dram, to which the other

parts are proportioned.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The commercial hundredweight in several of the

continental countries, varying in different places from 100 to

about 112 pounds.</def>



<hw>Cen"to</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Centos</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>cento</ets> a

garment of several pieces sewed together, patchwork, a poem made

up of various verses of another poem.]</ety> <def>A literary or a

musical composition formed by selections from different authors

disposed in a new order.</def>



<hw>Cen"to*nism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

composition of a cento; the act or practice of composing a cento

or centos.</def>



<hw>Cen"tral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>centralis</ets>, fr. <ets>centrum</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>central</ets>. See <er>Center</er>.]</ety> <def>Relating to

the center; situated in or near the center or middle; containing

the center; of or pertaining to the parts near the center\'3c--

original had "or of.." --\'3e; equidistant or equally accessible

from certain points.</def>



<cs><col>Central force</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>a force

acting upon a body towards or away from a fixed or movable

center.</cd> -- <col>Center sun</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>a

name given to a hypothetical body about which M\'84dler supposed

the solar system together with all the stars in the Milky Way, to

be revolving. A point near Alcyone in the Pleiades was supposed

to possess characteristics of the position of such a

body.</cd></cs>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cen"tral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>\'d8Cen*tra"le</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.

<ets>centrale</ets>, fr. L. <ets>centralis</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The central, or one of the central, bones

of the carpus or or tarsus. In the tarsus of man it is

represented by the navicular.</def>



<hw>Cen"tral*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The state or condition of being central; the combination of

several parts into one whole; centralization.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The system by which power is centralized, as in

a government.</def>



<hw>Cen*tral"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Centralities</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>The state of

being central; tendency towards a center.</def>



<q>Meantime there is a great <qex>centrality</qex>, a

centripetence equal to the centrifugence.</q>

<qau>R. W. Emerson.</qau>



<hw>Cen`tral*i*za"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>centralisation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of

centralizing, or the state of being centralized; the act or

process of combining or reducing several parts into a whole;

<as>as, the <ex>centralization</ex> of power in the general

government; the <ex>centralization</ex> of commerce in a

city.</as></def>



<hw>Cen"tral*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Centralized</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Centralizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>centraliser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To draw or bring to a center

point; to gather into or about a center; to bring into one

system, or under one control.</def>



<q>[To] <qex>centralize</qex> the power of government.</q>

<qau>Bancroft.</qau>



<hw>Cen"tral*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a central manner or

situation.</def>



<hw>Cen"tre</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & v.</pos> <def>See

<er>Center</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cen"tric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Cen"tric*al</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Placed in the center or

middle; central.</def>



<q>At York or some other <qex>centrical</qex> place.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



-- <wordforms><wf>Cen"tric*al*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Cen"tric*al*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Cen*tric"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state

or quality of being centric; centricalness.</def>



<hw>Cen*trif"u*gal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>centrum</ets> center + <ets>fugere</ets> to flee.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Tending, or causing, to recede from the

center.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Expanding first

at the summit, and later at the base, as a flower cluster.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Having the radicle turned toward the sides of

the fruit, as some embryos.</def>



<cs><col>Centrifugal force</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a force

whose direction is from a center.</cd></cs>



<note><hand/ When a body moves in a circle with uniform velocity,

a force must act on the body to keep it in the circle without

change of velocity. The direction of this force is towards the

center of the circle. If this force is applied by means of a

string to the body, the string will be in a state of tension. To

a person holding the other end of the string, this tension will

appear to be directed toward the body as if the body had a

tendency to move away from the center of the circle which it is

describing. Hence this latter force is often called

<xex>centrifugal force</xex>. The force which really acts on the

body being directed towards the center of the circle is called

<xex>centripetal force</xex>, and in some popular treatises the

centripetal and centrifugal forces are described as opposing and

balancing each other. But they are merely the different aspects

of the same stress.</note>



<au>Clerk Maxwell.</au>



<cs><col>Centrifugal impression</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>,

<cd>an impression (motor) sent from a nerve center

<xex>outwards<xex> to a muscle or muscles by which motion is

produced.</cd> -- <col>Centrifugal machine</col>, <cd>A machine

for expelling water or other fluids from moist substances, or for

separating liquids of different densities by centrifugal action;

a whirling table.</cd> -- <col>Centrifugal pump</col>, <cd>a

machine in which water or other fluid is lifted and discharged

through a pipe by the energy imparted by a wheel or blades

revolving in a fixed case. Some of the largest and most powerful

pumps are of this kind.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cen*trif"u*gal</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A centrifugal

machine.</def>



<hw>Cen*trif"u*gence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

property or quality of being centrifugal.</def>



<au>R. W. Emerson.</au>



<hw>Cen"tring</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Centring</er>.</def>



<hw>Cen*trip"e*tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>centrum</ets> center + <ets>peter</ets> to more

toward.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Tending, or causing, to approach

the center.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> Expanding first at the

base of the inflorescence, and proceeding in order towards the

summit. <sd>(b)</sd> Having the radicle turned toward the axis of

the fruit, as some embryos.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Progressing by changes from the exterior of a

thing toward its center; <as>as, the <ex>centripetal</ex>

calcification of a bone</as>.</def>



<au>R. Owen.</au>



<cs><col>Centripetal force</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a force

whose direction is towards a center, as in case of a planet

revolving round the sun, the center of the system, See

<cref>Centrifugal force</cref>, under <er>Centrifugal</er>.</cd>

-- <col>Centripetal impression</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>,

<cd>an impression (sensory) transmitted by an afferent nerve from

the exterior of the body <xex>inwards<xex>, to the central

organ.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cen*trip"e*tence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Centripetency.</def>



<hw>Cen*trip"e*ten*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Tendency toward the center.</def>



<hw>Cen*tris"coid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[NL.

<ets>Centriscus</ets> (r. Gr. <?/ a kind of fish) +

<ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Allied to, or

resembling, the genus <spn>Centriscus</spn>, of which the bellows

fish is an example.</def>



<hw>Cen`tro*bar"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

(<?/) <?/ a treatise of Archimedes on finding the center of

gravity, fr. <?/ gravitating toward the center; <?/ center + <?/

weight.]</ety> <def>Relating to the center of gravity, or to the

process of finding it.</def>



<cs><col>Centrobaric method</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>a

process invented for the purpose of measuring the area or the

volume generated by the rotation of a line or surface about a

fixed axis, depending upon the principle that every figure formed

by the revolution of a line or surface about such an axis has for

measure the product of the line or surface by the length of the

path of its center of gravity; -- sometimes called

<altname>theorem of Pappus</altname>, also, incorrectly,

<altname>Guldinus's properties</altname>. See <cref>Barycentric

calculus</cref>, under <er>Calculus</er>.</cd></cs>



<-- p. 233  -->



<hw>Cen"trode</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Kinematics)</fld> <def>In two figures having relative

motion, one of the two curves which are the loci of the

instantaneous center.</def>



<hw>Cen"troid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>centrum</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>The center of

mass, inertia, or gravity of a body or system of bodies.</def>



<hw>Cen`tro*lec"i*thal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ center + <?/ yolk of an egg.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>

<def>Having the food yolk placed at the center of the ovum,

segmentation being either regular or unequal.</def>



<au>Balfour.</au>



<hw>Cen`tro*lin"e*ad</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

instrument for drawing lines through a point, or lines converging

to a center.</def>



<hw>Cen`tro*lin"e*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>centrum</ets> + <ets>linea</ets> line.]</ety>

<def>Converging to a center; -- applied to lines drawn so as to

meet in a point or center.</def>



<hw>Cen"tro*some`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

center + -<?/ the body.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A peculiar

rounded body lying near the nucleus of a cell. It is regarded as

the dynamic element by means of which the machinery of cell

division is organized.</def>



<hw>Cen`tro*stal"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ center + <?/ checking.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A

term applied to the action of nerve force in the spinal

center.</def>



<au>Marshall Hall.</au>



<hw>\'d8Cen"trum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.

<plw>Centrums</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, L. <plw>Centra</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L., center.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>The body, or axis, of a vertebra. See

<er>Vertebra</er>.</def>



<hw>Cen"try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Sentry</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>\'d8Cen*tum"vir</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Centumviri</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L., fr.

<ets>centum</ets> hundred + <ets>Vir</ets> man.]</ety> <fld>(Rom.

Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a court of about one hundred judges

chosen to try civil suits. Under the empire the court was

increased to 180, and met usually in four sections.</def>



<hw>Cen*tum"vi*ral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>centumvitalis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the

centumviri, or to a centumvir.</def>



<hw>Cen*tum"vi*rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>centumvirat</ets>.]</ety> <def>The office of a centumvir, or

of the centumviri.</def>



<hw>Cen"tu*ple</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>centuplex</ets>; <ets>centum + plicare</ets> to fold; cf. F.

<ets>centuple</ets>.]</ety> <def>Hundredfold.</def>



<hw>Cen"tu*ple</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To increase a

hundredfold.</def>



<hw>Cen*tu"pli*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Centuplicated</er>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Centuplicating</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[L. <ets>centuplicare</ets>. See <er>Centuple</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>To make a hundredfold; to repeat a

hundred times.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Howell.</au>



<hw>Cen*tu"ri*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. See

<er>Century</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a century;

<as>as, a <ex>centurial</ex> sermon</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Cen*tu"ri*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>centuriatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>centuriare</ets> to divide

(men) into centuries.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or divided into,

centuries or hundreds.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Holland.</au>



<hw>Cen*tu"ri*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>century</er>.]</ety> <def>To divide into hundreds.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cen*tu"ri*a`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Cen"tu*rist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>centuriateur</ets>.]</ety> <def>An historian

who distinguishes time by centuries, esp. one of those who wrote

the \'bdMagdeburg Centuries.\'b8 See under

<er>Century</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Cen*tu"ri*on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>centurio</ets>, fr. <ets>centuria</ets>; cf. F.

<ets>centurion</ets>. See <er>Century</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Rom.

Hist.)</fld> <def>A military officer who commanded a minor

division of the Roman army; a captain of a century.</def>



<q>A <qex>centurion</qex> of the hand called the Italian

band.</q>

<qau>Acts x. 1.</qau>



<hw>Cen"tu*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Centuries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L.

<ets>centuria</ets> (in senses 1 & 3), fr. <ets>centum</ets> a

hundred: cf. F. <ets>centurie</ets>. See <er>Cent</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A hundred; <as>as, a <ex>century</ex> of

sonnets</as>; an aggregate of a hundred things.</def>

<mark>[Archaic.]</mark>



<q>And on it said a <qex>century</qex> of prayers.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A period of a hundred years; <as>as, this event

took place over two <ex>centuries</ex> ago</as>.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Century</xex>, in the reckoning of time,

although often used in a general way of any series of hundred

consecutive years (as, a <xex>century</xex> of temperance work),

usually signifies a division of the Christian era, consisting of

a period of one hundred years ending with the hundredth year from

which it is named; as, the <xex>first century</xex> (<er>a</er>.

<er>d</er>. 1-100 inclusive); the <xex>seventh century</xex>

(<er>a</er>.<er>d</er>. 601-700); the <xex>eighteenth

century</xex> (<er>a</er>.<er>d</er>. 1701-1800). With words or

phrases connecting it with some other system of chronology it is

used of similar division of those eras; as, the <xex>first

century</xex> of Rome (A.U.C.  1-100).</note>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A division

of the Roman people formed according to their property, for the

purpose of voting for civil officers.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One

of sixty companies into which a legion of the army was divided.

It was Commanded by a centurion.</def>



<cs><col>Century plant</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the

<spn>Agave Americana</spn>, formerly supposed to flower but once

in a century; -- hence the name. See <er>Agave</er>.</cd> --

<col>The Magdeburg Centuries</col>, <cd>an ecclesiastical history

of the first thirteen centuries, arranged in thirteen volumes,

compiled in the 16th century by Protestant scholars at

Magdeburg.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ce*pev"o*rous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cepa</ets> an onion + <ets>varare</ets> to devour.]</ety>

<def>Feeding upon onions.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Sterling.</au>



<hw>Ceph"a*lad</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

head + L. <ets>ad</ets> toward.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>Forwards; towards the head or anterior extremity of the

body; opposed to <xex>caudad</xex>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Ceph`a*lal"gi*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Ceph"a*lal`gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>cephalalgia</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ + <?/ pain: cf. F.

<ets>c\'82phalalgie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Pain in

the head; headache.</def>



<hw>Ceph`a*lal"gic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cephalalgicus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>Relating to, or affected with, headache.</def> --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A remedy for the headache.</def></def2>



<hw>\'d8Ceph`a*lan"thi*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ + <?/ flower.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Same as <er>Anthodium</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ceph`a*las"pis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ head + <?/ a shield.]</ety>

<fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of fossil ganoid fishes found

in the old red sandstone or Devonian formation. The head is

large, and protected by a broad shield-shaped helmet prolonged

behind into two lateral points.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ceph`a*la"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ head.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

large division of Mollusca, including all except the bivalves; --

so called because the head is distinctly developed. See

<xex>Illustration</xex> in Appendix.</def>



<hw>Ceph"a*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a head.</def>



<hw>Ce*phal"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cephalicus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ head: cf. F.

<ets>c\'82phalique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or

pertaining to the head. See the Note under

<er>Anterior</er>.</def>



<cs><col>Cephalic index</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the ratio

of the breadth of the cranium to the length, which is taken as

the standard, and equal to 100; the breadth index.</cd> --

<col>Cephalic vein</col>, <cd>a large vein running from the back

of the head alond the arm; -- so named because the ancients used

to open it for disorders of the head.</cd></cs>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>Ce*pha"lic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A medicine for headache,

or other disorder in the head.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ceph`a*li"tis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/ head + <ets>-itis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>Same as <er>Phrenitis</er>.</def>



<hw>Ceph`a*li*za"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Domination of the head in animal life as expressed in the

physical structure; localization of important organs or parts in

or near the head, in animal development.</def>



<au>Dana.</au>



<hw>Ceph"a*lo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ head.]</ety>

<def>A combining form denoting <xex>the head</xex>, <xex>of the

head</xex>, <xex>connected with the head</xex>; <as>as,

<ex>cephalo</ex>some, <ex>cephalo</ex>pod</as>.</def>



<hw>Ceph`a*lo*cer"cal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cephalo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ tail.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Relating to the long axis of the

body.</def>



<hw>Ceph"a*loid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cephalo-</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Shaped

like the head.</def>



<au>Craing.</au>



<hw>Ceph`a*lol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cephalo-</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The

science which treats of the head.</def>



<hw>Ceph"a*lo*mere</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cephalo-</ets> + <ets>-mere</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the somites (arthromeres) which

make up the head of arthropods.</def>



<au>Packard.</au>



<hw>Ceph`a*lom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cephalo-</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An instrument measuring the dimensions of

the head of a fetus during delivery.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ceph"a*lon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The head.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ceph`a*loph"o*ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ head + <?/ to bear.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The cephalata.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ceph"a*lo*pod</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Ceph"a*lo*pode</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Cephalopoda.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ceph"`a*lop"o*da</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., gr. Gr. <?/ head + <ets>-poda</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>c\'82phalopode</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The

highest class of Mollusca.</def>



<note><hand/ They have, around the front of the head, a group of

elongated muscular arms, which are usually furnished with

prehensile suckers or hooks, The head is highly developed, with

large, well organized eyes and ears, and usually with a

cartilaginous brain case. The higher forms, as the cuttlefishes,

squids, and octopi, swim rapidly by ejecting a jet of water from

the tubular siphon beneath the head. They have a pair of powerful

horny jaws shaped like a parrot's beak, and a bag of inklike

fluid which they can eject from the siphon, thus clouding the

water in order to escape from their enemies. They are divided

into two orders, the Dibranchiata, having two gills and eight or

ten sucker-bearing arms, and the Tetrabranchiata, with four gills

and numerous arms without suckers. The latter are all extinct

except the <xex>Nautilus</xex>. See <er>Octopus</er>,

<er>Squid</er>, <er>Nautilus</er>.</note>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ceph`a*lo*pod"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Ceph`a*lop"o*dous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Belonging to, or resembling, the

cephalopods.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ceph`a*lop"te*ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ head + <?/ wing.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the generic names of the

gigantic ray (<spn>Manta birostris</spn>), known as

<xex>devilfish</xex> and <xex>sea devil</xex>. It is common on

the coasts of South Carolina, Florida, and farther south. Some of

them grow to enormous size, becoming twenty feet of more across

the body, and weighing more than a ton.</def>



<hw>Ceph"a*lo*some</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cephalo-</ets> + <ets>-some</ets> body.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The anterior region or head of insects

and other arthropods.</def>



<au>Packard.</au>



<hw>Ceph"a*lo*style</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cephalo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a pillar.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The anterior end of the notochord and its

bony sheath in the base of cartilaginous crania.</def>



<hw>Ceph`a*lo*tho"rax</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cephalo-</ets> + <ets>thorax</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The anterior portion of any one of the

Arachnida and higher Crustacea, consisting of the united head and

thorax.</def>



<hw>Ceph"a*lo*tome</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cephalo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to cut.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An instrument for cutting into the fetal

head, to facilitate delivery.</def>



<hw>Ceph`a*lot"o*my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Dissection or opening of the head.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Craniotomy; -- usually applied

to bisection of the fetal head with a saw.</def>



<hw>Ceph"a*lo*tribe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cephalo-</ets> + Gr. to rub, grind.]</ety> <def>An

obstetrical instrument for performing cephalotripsy.</def>



<hw>Ceph"a*lo*trip`sy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Cephalotribe</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The act or

operation of crushing the head of a fetus in the womb in order to

effect delivery.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ceph`a*lot"ro*cha</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ head + <?/ wheel.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A kind of annelid larva with a circle

of cilia around the head.</def>



<hw>Ceph"a*lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

head.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a head; -- applied

chiefly to the Cephalata, a division of mollusks.</def>



<hw>Ce"pheus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>(Astron.) A

northern constellation near the pole. Its head, which is in the

Milky Way, is marked by a triangle formed by three stars of the

fourth magnitude. See <er>Cassiopeia</er>.</def>



<hw>Ce*ra"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cera</ets> wax.]</ety> <def>Having the texture and color of

new wax; like wax; waxy.</def>



<hw>Ce*ra"go</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cera</ets> wax.]</ety> <def>Beebread.</def>



<hw>Ce*ram"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr.

<?/ earthenware. Cf. <er>Keramic</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or

pertaining to pottery; relating to the art of making earthenware;

<as>as, <ex>ceramic</ex> products; <ex>ceramic</ex> ornaments for

ceilings.</as></def>



<hw>Ce*ram"ics</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Ceramic</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The art of making

things of baked clay; as pottery, tiles, etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Work formed of clay in whole or

in part, and baked; <as>as, vases, urns, etc.</as></def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Ce*rar"gy*rite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

horn + <?/ silver.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Native silver

chloride, a mineral of a white to pale yellow or gray color,

darkening on exposure to the light. It may be cut by a knife,

like lead or horn (hence called <xex>horn silver</xex>).</def>



<hw>Cer"a*sin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>A white amorphous substance, the insoluble part of cherry

gum; -- called also <altname>meta-arabinic acid</altname>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A gummy mucilaginous

substance; -- called also <altname>bassorin</altname>,

<altname>tragacanthin</altname>, etc.</def>



<hw>Ce*ras"i*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Pertaining to, or containing, cerasin.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of a cherry color.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ce*ras"tes</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a

horned serpent, fr. Gr. <?/ horned, fr. <?/ horn.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of poisonous African serpents,

with a horny scale over each eye; the horned viper.</def>



<hw>Ce"rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ceratum</ets>, ceratm, fr. <ets>cera</ets> wax.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An unctuous preparation for external

application, of a consistence intermediate between that of an

ointment and a plaster, so that it can be spread upon cloth

without the use of heat, but does not melt when applied to the

skin.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Cerate</xex> consists essentially of wax (for

which resin or spermaceti is sometimes substituted) mixed with

oil, lard, and various medicinal ingredients. The cerate

(formerly called <xex>simple cerate</xex>) of the United States

Pharmacopoeia is a mixture of three parts of white wax and seven

parts of lard.</note>



<hw>Ce"ra*ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ceratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>cerare</ets> to wax, fr.

<ets>cera</ets> wax.]</ety> <def>Covered with wax.</def>



<hw>Cer"a*tine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the

fallacy called \'bdthe horns.\'b8 fr. <?/ a horn.]</ety>

<fld>(Lagic.)</fld> <def>Sophistical.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cer`a*to*bran"chi*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, horn + <?/, <ets>n. pl.</ets>,

gills.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of

nudibranchiate Mollusca having on the back papilliform or

branched organs serving as gills.</def>



<hw>Cer`a*to*bran"chi*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the bone, or cartilage,

below the epibranchial in a branchial arch.</def> --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A ceratobranchial bone, or

cartilage.</def></def2>



<hw>\'d8Ce*rat"o*dus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/, horn + <?/ tooth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A genus of ganoid fishes, of the order Dipnoi, first known

as Mesozoic fossil fishes; but recently two living species have

been discovered in Australian rivers. They have lungs so well

developed that they can leave the water and breathe in air. In

Australia they are called <xex>salmon</xex> and

<xex>baramunda</xex>. See <er>Dipnoi</er>, and

<er>Archipterygium</er>.</def>



<hw>Cer`a*to*hy"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

horn + the letter Y.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to

the bone, or carts, large, below the epihyal in the hyoid

arch.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A ceratohyal bone, or

cartilage, which, in man, forms one of the small horns of the

hyoid.</def></def2>



<hw>\'d8Cer`a*to*sau"rus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a horn + <?/ lizard.]</ety>

<fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A carnivorous American Jurassic

dinosaur allied to the European Megalosaurus. The animal was

nearly twenty feet in length, and the skull bears a bony horn

core on the united nasal bones. See <xex>Illustration</xex> in

Appendix.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cer`a*to*spon"gi*\'91</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.

pl.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/ horn + <?/ sponge.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of sponges in which the

skeleton consists of horny fibers. It includes all the commercial

sponges.</def>



<hw>Ce*rau"nics</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

thunder and lightning.]</ety> <def>That branch of physics which

treats of heat and electricity.</def>



<au>R. Park.</au>



<hw>Ce*rau"no*scope</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ thunder and lightning + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <def>An

instrument or apparatus employed in the ancient mysteries to

imitate thunder and lightning.</def>



<au>T. Moore.</au>



<-- p. 234 -->



<hw>Cer*be"re*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to, or resembling, Cerberus.</def> <altsp>[Written

also <asp>Cerberian</asp>.]</altsp>



<q>With wide <qex>Cerberean</qex> mouth.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Cer"be*rus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. Cerberus

(in sense 1), gr. <?/.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>A monster, in the

shape, of a three-headed dog, guarding the entrance into the

infernal regions, Hence: Any vigilant custodian or guardian, esp.

if surly.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of East Indian

serpents, allied to the pythons; the bokadam.</def>



<hw>Cer"cal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

tail.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the

tail.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cer*ca"ri*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Cercarle</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></plu> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/

tail.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The larval form of a

trematode worm having the shape of a tadpole, with its body

terminated by a tail-like appendage.</def>



<hw>Cer*ca"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of, like, or pertaining to, the

Cercari\'91.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> One of the

Cercari\'91.</def></def2>



<hw>Cer"co*pod</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

tail + <ets>-pod</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of

the jointed antenniform appendage of the posterior somites of

cartain insects.</def>



<au>Packard.</au>



<hw>\'d8Cer"cus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Cerci</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/

tail.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See

<er>Cercopod</er>.</def>



<hw>Cere</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cera</ets> wax: cf. F. <ets>cire</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The soft naked sheath at the base of

the beak of birds of prey, parrots, and some other birds. See

<er>Beak</er>.</def>



<hw>Cere</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Cered</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Cering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>cerare</ets>, fr.

<ets>cera</ets> wax: cf. F. <ets>cirer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To wax;

to cover or close with wax.</def>



<au>Wiseman.</au>



<hw>Ce"re*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Cerealis</ets> pert. to Ceres, and hence, to agriculture.

See <er>Ceres</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the grasses

which are cultivated for their edible seeds (as wheat, maize,

rice, etc.), or to their seeds or grain.</def>



<hw>Ce"re*al</hw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>Any grass cultivated for its

edible grain, or the grain itself; -- usually in the

plural.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ce`re*a"li*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[L. See <er>Cereal</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <def>Public festivals in honor of

Ceres.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The cereals.</def>



<au>Crabb.</au>



<hw>Ce"re*a*lin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A nitrogenous substance closely

resembling diastase, obtained from bran, and possessing the power

of converting starch into dextrin, sugar, and lactic acid.</def>



<au>Watts.</au>



<hw>Cer"e*bel</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The cerebellum.</def>



<au>Derham.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cer`e*bel"lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Cer`e*bel"lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the cerebellum.</def>



<hw>Cer`e*bel"lum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.

<plw>Cerebellums</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, L. <plw>Cerebella</plw>

<pr>(<?/)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., dim. of <ets>cerebrum</ets>

brain.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The large lobe of the hind

brain in front of and above the medulla; the little brain. It

controls combined muscular action. See <er>Brain</er>.</def>



<hw>Cer"e*bral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cerebrum</ets> brain; akin to Gr. <?/ head: cf. F.

<ets>c\'82r\'82bral</ets>. See <er>Cheer</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the cerebrum.</def>



<cs><col>Cerebral apoplexy</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Apoplexy</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cer"e*bral</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[A false translation of

the Skr. <ets>m\'d4rdhanya</ets>, lit., head-sounds.]</ety>

<def>One of a class of lingual consonants in the East Indian

languages. See <er>Lingual</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def>



<note><hand/ Prof. W. D. Whitney calls these letters

<xex>linguals</xex>, and this is their usual designation in the

United States.</note>



<hw>Cer"e*bral*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Philos.)</fld> <def>The doctrine or theory that psychical

phenomena are functions or products of the brain only.</def>



<hw>Cer"e*bral*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who accepts

cerebralism.</def>



<hw>Cer"e*brate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>To exhibit mental activity; to have

the brain in action.</def>



<hw>Cer`e*bra"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Action

of the brain, whether conscious or unconscious.</def>



<hw>Cer"e*bric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of,

pertaining to, or derived from, the brain.</def>



<cs><col>Cerebric acid</col> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a

name formerly sometimes given to cerebrin.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cer`e*bric"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Brain

power.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ce*reb"ri*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cerebrum</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Like

the brain in form or substance.</def>



<hw>Cer`e*brif"u*gal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cerebrum</ets> + L. <ets>fugere</ets> to flee.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Applied to those nerve fibers which go

from the brain to the spinal cord, and so transfer cerebral

impulses (centrifugal impressions) outwards.</def>



<hw>Cer"e*brin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Cerebrum</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A

nonphosphorized, nitrogenous substance, obtained from brain and

nerve tissue by extraction with boiling alcohol. It is uncertain

whether it exists as such in nerve tissue, or is a product of the

decomposition of some more complex substance.</def>



<hw>Cer`e*brip"e*tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cerebrum</ets> + L. <ets>petere</ets> to seek.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Applied to those nerve fibers which go

from the spinal cord to the brain and so transfer sensations

(centripetal impressions) from the exterior inwards.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cer`e*bri"tis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. E. <ets>cerebrum</ets> + <ets>-itis</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the cerebrum.</def>



<hw>Cer"e*broid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cerebrum</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Resembling, or analogous to, the cerebrum or brain.</def>



<hw>Cer`e*brol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cerebrum</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The

science which treats of the cerebrum or brain.</def>



<hw>Cer`e*brop"a*thy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cerebrum</ets> + Gr. <?/ suffering.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A hypochondriacal condition verging upon

insanity, occurring in those whose brains have been unduly taxed;

-- called also <altname>brain fag</altname>.</def>



<hw>Cer`e*bros"co*py</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cerebrum</ets> + <ets>-</ets>scopy.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Examination of the brain for the diagnosis

of diseas; esp., the act or process of diagnosticating the

condition of the brain by examination of the interior of the eye

(as with an ophthalmoscope).</def>



<au>Buck.</au>



<hw>Cer`e*brose"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Cerebrum</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A

sugarlike body obtained by the decomposition of the nitrogenous

non-phosphorized principles of the brain.</def>



<hw>Cer`e*bro-spi"nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cerebrum</ets> + <ets>spinal</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the central nervous

system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.</def>



<cs><col>Cerebro-spinal fluid</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>a

serous fluid secreted by the membranes covering the brain and

spinal cord.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Cerebro-spinal meningitis</col>,

<col>Cerebro-spinal fever</col></mcol> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a

dangerous epidemic, and endemic, febrile disease, characterized

by inflammation of the membranes of the brain and spinal cord,

giving rise to severe headaches, tenderness of the back of the

neck, paralysis of the ocular muscles, etc. It is sometimes

marked by a cutaneous eruption, when it is often called

<xex>spotted fever<xex>. It is not contagious.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cer"e*brum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.

<plw>Cerebrums</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, L. <plw>Cerebra</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L., the brain.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The anterior, and in man the larger,

division of the brain; the seat of the reasoning faculties and

the will. See <er>Brain</er>.</def>



<hw>Cere"cloth`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cera</ets> wax + E. <ets>cloth</ets>.]</ety> <def>A cloth

smeared with melted wax, or with some gummy or glutinous

matter.</def>



<q>Linen, besmeared with gums, in manner of

<qex>cerecloth</qex>.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<hw>Cere"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cera</ets> wax: cf. F. <ets>cirement</ets>.]</ety>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A cerecloth used for the special purpose of

enveloping a dead body when embalmed.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any

shroud or wrapping for the dead.</def>



<hw>Cer`e*mo"ni*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>caerimonialis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>c\'82rimonial</ets>. See

<er>Ceremony</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Relating to ceremony,

or external rite; ritual; according to the forms of established

rites.</def>



<q><qex>Ceremonial</qex> observances and outward show.</q>

<qau>Hallam.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Observant of forms; ceremonious. <note>[In this

sense <xex>ceremonious</xex> is now preferred.]</note></def>



<au>Donne.</au>



<q>He moves in the dull <qex>ceremonial</qex> track.</q>

<qau>Druden.</qau>



<hw>Cer`e*mo"ni*al</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A system

of rules and ceremonies, enjoined by law, or established by

custom, in religious worship, social intercourse, or the courts

of princes; outward form.</def>



<q>The gorgeous <qex>ceremonial</qex> of the Burgundian

court.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The order for rites and forms in the Roman

Catholic church, or the book containing the rules presribed to be

observed on solemn occasions.</def>



<hw>Cer`e*mo"ni*al*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Adherence to external rites; fondness for ceremony.</def>



<hw>Cer`e*mo"ni*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>According to

rites and ceremonies; <as>as, a person <ex>ceremonially</ex>

unclean</as>.</def>



<hw>Cer`e*mo"ni*al*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality of being

ceremonial.</def>



<hw>Cer`e*mo"ni*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>c\'82r\'82monieux</ets>, L. <ets>Caerimoniosus</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Consisting of outward forms and rites;

ceremonial. <note>[In this sense <xex>ceremonial</xex> is now

preferred.]</note></def>



<q>The <qex>ceremonious</qex> part of His worship.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>According to prescribed or customary rules and

forms; devoted to forms and ceremonies; formally respectful;

punctilious.</def> \'bd<xex>Ceremonious</xex> phrases.\'b8



<au>Addison.</au>



<q>Too <qex>ceremonious</qex> and traditional.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Formal; precise; exact. See <er>Formal</er>.</syn>



<hw>Cer`e*mo"ni*ous*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

ceremonious way.</def>



<hw>Cer`e*mo"ni*ous*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality, or

practice, of being ceremonious.</def>



<hw>Cer"e*mo*ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Ceremonies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[F.

<ets>c\'82r\'82monie</ets>, L. <ets>caerimonia</ets>; perh. akin

to E. <ets>create</ets> and from a root signifying to do or

<ets>make</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Ar act or series of

acts, often of a symbolical character, prescribed by law, custom,

or authority, in the conduct of important matters, as in the

performance of religious duties, the transaction of affairs of

state, and the celebration of notable events; <as>as, the

<ex>ceremony</ex> of crowning a sovereign; the

<ex>ceremonies</ex> observed in consecrating a church; marriage

and baptismal <ex>ceremonies</ex>.</as></def>



<q>According to all the rites of it, and according to all the

<qex>ceremonies</qex> thereof shall ye keep it [the

Passover].</q>

<qau>Numb. ix. 3</qau>



<q>Bring her up the high altar, that she may

The sacred <qex>ceremonies</qex> there partake.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<q>[The heralds] with awful <qex>ceremony</qex>

And trumpet's sound, throughout the host proclaim

A solemn council.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Behavior regulated by strict etiquette; a formal

method of performing acts of civility; forms of civility

prescribed by custom or authority.</def>



<q><qex>Ceremony</qex> was but devised at first

To set a gloss on . . . hollow welcomes . . . 

But where there is true friendship there needs none.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Al <qex>ceremonies</qex> are in themselves very silly things;

but yet a man of the world should know them.</q>

<qau>Chesterfield.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A ceremonial symbols; an emblem, as a crown,

scepter, garland, etc.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Disrobe the images,

If you find them decked with <qex>ceremonies</qex>.

 . . . Let no images

Be hung with C\'91sar's trophies.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A sign or prodigy; a portent.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>C\'91sar, I never stood on <qex>ceremonies</qex>,

Yet, now they fright me.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>Master of ceremonies</col>, <cd>an officer who

determines the forms to be observed, or superintends their

observance, on a public occasion.</cd> -- <col>Not to stand on

ceremony</col>, <cd>not to be ceremonious; to be familiar,

outspoken, or bold.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ce"re*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cereus</ets>, fr. <ets>cera</ets> was.]</ety> <def>Waxen;

like wax.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Gayton.</au>



<hw>Ce"res</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., Ceres, also

corn, grain, akin to E. <ets>create</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>The daughter of Saturn and Ops or

Rhea, the goddess of corn and tillage.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Actron.)</fld> <def>The first discovered

asteroid.</def>



<hw>Cer"e*sin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cera</ets> wax.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white wax,

made by bleaching and purifying ozocerite, and used as a

substitute for beeswax.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ce"re*us</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a wax

candle, fr. <ets>cera</ets> wax. So named from the resemblance of

one species to the columnar shape of a wax candle.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants of the Cactus family.

They are natives of America, from California to Chili.</def>



<note><hand/ Although several species flower in the night, the

name <xex>Night-blooming cereus</xex> is specially applied to the

<xex>Cereus grandiflorus</xex>, which is cultivated for its

beautiful, shortlived flowers. The <xex>Cereus giganteus</xex>,

whose columnar trunk is sometimes sixty feet in height, is a

striking feature of the scenery of New Mexico, Texas,

etc.\'3c--saguaro?= Carnegiea gigantea--\'3e</note>



<hw>Cer"i*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Cerial</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Ce*rif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ra</ets> wax + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Producing

wax.</def>



<hw>Ce"rin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cera</ets> wax + <ets>-in</ets>: cf. L. <ets>cerinus</ets>

wax-colored.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A waxy

substance extracted by alcohol or ether from cork; sometimes

applied also to the portion of beeswax which is soluble in

alcohol.</def>



<au>Watts.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of the mineral

<xex>allanite</xex>.</def>



<hw>Ce*rin"thi*an</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld>

<def>One of an ancient religious sect, so called fron

<xex>Cerinthus</xex>, a Jew, who attempted to unite the doctrines

of Christ with the opinions of the Jews and Gnostics.</def>



<au>Hook.</au>



<hw>Cer"iph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Type

Founding)</fld> <def>One of the fine lines of a letter, esp. one

of the fine cross strokes at the top and bottom of letters.</def>

<altsp>[Spelt also <asp>seriph</asp>.]</altsp>



<au>Savage.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ce*rise"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F., a

cherry. See <er>Cherry</er>.]</ety> <def>Cherry-colored; a light

bright red; \'c3- applied to textile fabrics, especially

silk.</def>



<hw>Ce"rite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

horn.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A gastropod shell

belonging to the family <xex>Cerithi\'8bd\'91</xex>; -- so called

from its hornlike form.</def>



<hw>Ce"rite</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Cherium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral of a

brownish of cherry-red color, commonly massive. It is a hydrous

silicate of cerium and allied metals.</def>



<hw>Ce"ri*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Named dy

Berzelius in 1803 from the asteroid <ets>Ceres</ets>, then just

discovered (1801).]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A rare metallic

element, occurring in the minerals cerite, allanite, monazite,

etc.  Symbol Ce.  Atomic weight 141.5. It resembles iron in color

and luster, but is soft, and both malleable and ductile. It

tarnishes readily in the air.</def>



<hw>Cer"nu*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cernuus</ets> with the face turned toward the earth.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Inclining or nodding downward; pendulous;

drooping; -- said of a bud, flower, fruit, or the capsule of a

moss.</def>



<hw>Ce"ro</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Corrupt. fr. Sp.

<ets>sierra</ets> saw, sawfish, cero.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large and valuable fish of the

Mackerel family, of the genus <spn>Scomberomorus</spn>.  Two

species are found in the West Indies and less commonly on the

Atlantic coast of the United States, -- the common cero

(<spn>Scomberomorus caballa</spn>), called also

<altname>kingfish</altname>, and spotted, or king, cero (<spn>S.

regalis</spn>).</def>



<hw>Ce"ro*graph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><grk>khros</grk></ets> wax + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety>

<def>A writing on wax.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ce`ro*graph"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Ce`ro*graph"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Of or pertaining to cerography.</def>



<hw>Ce*rog"ra*phist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

practices cerography.</def>



<hw>Ce*rog"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

wax + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The art of making characters or designs in, or

with, wax.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A method of making stereotype plates from

inscribed sheets of wax.</def>



<hw>Cer"o*lite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. \'b5

wax + <ets>-lite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A hydrous

silicate of magnesium, allied to serpentine, occurring in waxlike

masses of a yellow or greenish color.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ce*ro"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.

Gr. <?/ ointment for wrestlers, the place for wrestling, fr. <?/

to wax over, fr. <?/ wax.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The unguent (a

composition of oil and wax) with which wrestles were anointed

among the ancient Romans.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anc. Arch.)</fld> <def>That part of the baths

and gymnasia in which bathers and wrestlers anointed

themselves.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The cere of birds.</def>



<hw>Cer"o*man`cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

wax + <ets>-mancy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divination by dropping

melted wax in water.</def>



<hw>Ce*roon"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Seroon</er>.]</ety> <def>A bale or package. covered with

hide, or with wood bound with hide; <as>as, a <ex>ceroon</ex> of

indigo, cochineal, etc.</as></def>



<hw>Ce`ro*plas"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

for modeling in wax; <?/ wax + <?/ to form, mold.]</ety>

<fld>(Fine arts)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Relating to the art of

modeling in wax.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Modeled in wax; <as>as,

a <ex>ceroplastic</ex> figure</as>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ce`ro*plas"tics</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Ce`ro*plas"ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ (sc. <?/ art): cf. F.

<ets>c\'82roplastique</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art of modeling in

wax.</def>



<hw>Cer"o*sin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cera</ets> wax.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A waxy

substance obtained from the bark of the sugar cane, and

crystallizing in delicate white lamin\'91.</def>



<hw>Ce"rote</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Obs</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Cerate</er>.</def>



<hw>Cer"o*tene</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cerotum</ets> a pomade. See <er>Cerate</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white waxy solid obtained from Chinese

wax, and by the distillation of cerotin.</def>



<-- p. 235 -->



<hw>Ce*rot"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Cerotene</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to,

or derived from, beeswax or Chinese wax; <as>as, <ex>cerotic</ex>

acid or alcohol</as>.</def>



<hw>Cer"o*tin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Cerotene</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white

crystalline substance, <chform>C27H55.OH</chform>, obtained from

Chinese wax, and regarded as an alcohol of the marsh gas series;

-- called also <altname>cerotic alcohol</altname>, <altname>ceryl

alcohol</altname>.</def>



<hw>Cer"ri*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cerreus</ets>, fr. <ets>cerrus</ets> a kind of oak.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the cerris.</def>



<q>Chaplets green of <qex>cerrial</qex> oak.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Cer"ris</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cerrus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of oak

(<spn>Quercus cerris</spn>) native in the Orient and southern

Europe; -- called also <altname>bitter oak</altname> and

<altname>Turkey oak</altname>.</def>



<hw>Cer"tain</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>certain</ets>, fr. (assumed) LL. <ets>certanus</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>certus</ets> determined, fixed, certain, orig. p. p. of

<ets>cernere</ets> to perceive, decide, determine; akin to Gr.

<?/ to decide, separate, and to E. <ets>concern</ets>,

<ets>critic</ets>, <ets>crime</ets>, <ets>riddle</ets> a sieve,

<ets>rinse</ets>, v.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Assured in mind;

having no doubts; free from suspicions concerning.</def>



<q>To make her <qex>certain</qex> of the sad event.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>I myself am <qex>certain</qex> of you.</q>

<qau>Wyclif.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Determined; resolved; -- used with an

infinitive.</def>



<q>However, I with thee have fixed my lot,

<qex>Certain</qex> to undergo like doom.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Not to be doubted or denied; established as a

fact.</def>



<q>The dream is <qex>certain</qex>, and the interpretation

thereof sure.</q>

<qau>Dan. ii. 45.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Actually existing; sure to happen;

inevitable.</def>



<q>Virtue that directs our ways

Through <qex>certain</qex> dangers to uncertain praise.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>Death, as the Psalmist saith, is certain to all.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Unfailing; infallible.</def>



<q>I have often wished that I knew as <qex>certain</qex> a remedy

for any other distemper.</q>

<qau>Mead.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Fixed or stated; regular; determinate.</def>



<q>The people go out and gather a <qex>certain</qex> rate every

day.</q>

<qau>Ex. xvi. 4.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Not specifically named; indeterminate;

indefinite; one or some; -- sometimes used independenty as a

noun, and meaning certain persons.</def>



<q>It came to pass when he was in a <qex>certain</qex> city.</q>

<qau>Luke. v. 12.</qau>



<q>About everything he wrote there was a <qex>certain</qex>

natural grace und decorum.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<cs><col>For certain</col>, <cd>assuredly.</cd> -- <col>Of a

certain</col>, <cd>certainly.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Bound; sure; true; undeniable; unquestionable;

undoubted; plain; indubitable; indisputable; incontrovertible;

unhesitating; undoubting; fixed; stated.</syn>



<hw>Cer"tain</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Certainty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Gower.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A certain number or quantity.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Cer"tain</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Certainly.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Cer"tain*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Without doubt or

question; unquestionably.</def>



<hw>Cer"tain*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Certainty.</def>



<hw>Cer"tain*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Certainties</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[OF.

<ets>certainet\'82</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality,

state, or condition, of being certain.</def>



<q>The <qex>certainty</qex> of punishment is the truest security

against crimes.</q>



<au>Fisher Ames.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A fact or truth unquestionable

established.</def>



<q><qex>Certainties</qex> are uninteresting and sating.</q>

<qau>Landor.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Clearness; freedom from

ambiguity; lucidity.</def>



<cs><col>Of a certainty</col>, <cd>certainly.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cer"tes</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>certes</ets>, for <ets>\'85 certes</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>certus</ets>. See <er>Certain</er>.]</ety> <def>Certainly;

in truth; verily.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q><qex>Certes</qex> it great pity was to see

Him his nobility so foul deface.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Cer*tif"i*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>certificat</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>certificatus</ets> made

certain, p. p. of <ets>certificare</ets>. See

<er>tify</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A written testimony to the

truth of any fact; <as>as, <ex>certificate</ex> of good

behavior</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A written declaration legally

authenticated.</def>



<cs><col>Trial by certificate</col>, <cd>a trial which the

testimony of the person certifying is the only proper criterion

of the point in dispute; as, when the issue is whether a person

was absent in the army, this is tried by the certificate of the

proper officer in writing, under his seal.</cd></cs>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<hw>Cer*tif"i*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Certificated</er>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Certificating</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[See <er>Certify</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To verify or vouch for by certificate.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To furnish with a certificate; <as>as, to

<ex>certificate</ex> the captain of a vessel; a

<ex>certificated</ex> teacher.</as></def>



<hw>Cer`ti*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[L.

<ets>certificatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>certification</ets>.]</ety>

<def>The act of certifying.</def>



<hw>Cer"ti*fi`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

certifies or assures.</def>



<hw>Cer"ti*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Certified</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Certifying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>certifier</ets>,

LL. <ets>certificare</ets>; L. <ets>certus</ets> certain +

<ets>facere</ets> to make. See <er>Certain</er>, and cf.

<er>Certificate</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

give cetain information to; to assure; to make certain.</def>



<q>We <qex>certify</qex> the king, that . . . thou shalt have no

portion on this side the river.</q>

<qau>Ezra iv. 16.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To give certain information of; to make certain,

as a fact; to verify.</def>



<au>Hammond.</au>



<q>The industry of science at once <qex>certifies</qex> and

greatly extends our knowledge of the vastness of the

creation.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To testify to in writing; to make a declaration

concerning, in writing, under hand, or hand and seal.</def>



<q>The judges shall <qex>certify</qex> their opinion to the

chancellor, and upon such certificate the decree is usually

founded.</q>

<qau>Blackstone.</qau>



<cs><col>Certified check</col>, <cd>A bank check, the validity of

which is certified by the bank on which it is drawn.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cer`ti*o*ra"ri</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[So

named from the emphatic word <ets>certiorari</ets> in the Latin

form of the writ, which read <ets>certiorar volumus</ets> we wish

to be certified.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A writ issuing out

of chancery, or a superior court, to call up the records of a

inferior court, or remove a cause there depending, in order that

the party may have more sure and speedy justice, or that errors

and irreguarities may be corrected. It is obtained upon complaint

of a party that he has not received justice, or can not have an

impartial trial in the inferior court.</def>



<note><hand/ A <xex>certiorari</xex> is the correct process to

remove the proceedings of a court in which cases are tried in a

manner different from the course of the common law, as of county

commissioners. It is also used as an auxiliary process in order

to obtain a full return to some other process.</note>



<au>Bouvier.</au>



<hw>Cer"ti*tude</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>certitudo</ets>, fr. L. <ets>certus</ets>: cf. F. 

<ets>certitude</ets>. See <er>Certain</er>.]</ety> <def>Freedom

from doubt; assurance; certainty.</def>



<au>J. H. Newman.</au>



<hw>Cer"ule</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>caerulus</ets>, eguiv. to <ets>caeruleus</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Blue; cerulean.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Dyer.</au>



<hw>Ce*ru"le*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>caeruleus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Sky-colored; blue; azure.</def>



<au>Cowper.</au>



<q>Blue, blue, as if that sky let fall</q>



<q>A flower from its <qex>cerulean</qex> wall.</q>

<qau>Bryant.</qau>



<hw>Ce*ru"le*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Cerulean.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Dr. H. More.</au>



<hw>Cer`u*lif"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L.<ets>arulus</ets> dark blue + <ets>facere</ets> to

make.]</ety> <def>Producing a blue or sky color.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Ce*ru"men</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.

L. <ets>cera</ets> wax.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The

yellow, waxlike secretion from the glands of the external ear;

the earwax.</def>



<hw>Ce*ru"mi*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or secreting, cerumen;

<as>as, the <ex>ceruminous</ex> glands</as>.</def>



<hw>Ce"ruse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>c\'82ruse</ets>, L. <ets>cerussa</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>White lead, used as a pigment. See <cref>White lead</cref>,

under <er>White</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A cosmetic containing white lead.</def>



<q>To distinguish <qex>ceruse</qex> from natural bloom.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>The native carbonate of

lead.</def>



<hw>Ce"rused</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Washed with a

preparation of white lead; <as>as, <ex>cerused</ex>

face</as>.</def>



<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ce"ru*site</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Ce"rus*site</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Native

lead carbonate; a mineral occurring in colorless, white, or

yellowish transparent crystals, with an adamantine, also massive

and compact.</def>



<hw>Cer"van*tite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Named

from <ets>Cervantes</ets> a town in Spain.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>See under <er>Antimony</er>.</def>



<hw>Cer"ve*lat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An ancient wind instrument, resembling the

bassoon in tone.</def>



<hw>Cer"vi*cal</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>cervix</ets>,

<ets>-icis</ets>, neck: cf. F. <ets>cervical</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the neck; <as>as, the

<ex>cervical</ex> vertebr\'91</as>.</def>



<hw>Cer"vi*cide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cervus</ets> deer + <ets>caedere</ets> to kill.]</ety>

<def>The act of killing deer; deer-slaying.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Cer"vine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cervinus</ets>, fr. <ets>cervus</ets> deer: cf. F.

<ets>cervin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or

pertaining to the deer, or to the family

<xex>Cervid\'91</xex>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cer"vix</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.

<plw>Cervixes</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, L. <plw>Cervices</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The

neck; also, the necklike portion of any part, as of the womb. See

<xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Bird</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cer"vus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a

deer.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of ruminants,

including the red deer and other allied species.</def>



<note><hand/ Formerly all species of deer were included in the

genus <spn>Cervus</spn>.</note>



<hw>Ce"ryl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cera</ets> wax + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>A radical, <chform>C27H55</chform> supposed to exist in

several compounds obtained from Chinese wax, beeswax, etc.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ce*sa"re*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Ce*sa"ri*an</hw>,

}</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Same as <er>C\'91sarean</er>,

<er>C\'91sarian</er>.</def>



<hw>Ce"sar*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>C\'91sarism</er>.</def>



<hw>Ces"pi*tine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>caespes</ets>, <ets>caespitis</ets>, a turf.]</ety> <def>An

oil obtained by distillation of peat, and containing various

members of the pyridine series.</def>



<hw>Ces"pi*ti`tious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>caespiticius</ets>, fr. <ets>caespes</ets> turf.]</ety>

<def>Same as <er>Cespitious</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Gough.</au>



<hw>Ces"pi*tose`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>caespes</ets> turf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the

form a piece of turf, <it>i. e.</it>, many stems from one

rootstock or from many entangled rootstocks or roots.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>c\'91spitose</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Ces"pi*tous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Cespitose</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, consisting, of

resembling, turf; turfy.</def>



<q>A <qex>cespitous</qex> or turfy plant has many stems from the

same root, usually forming a close, thick carpet of matting.</q>



<au>Martyn.</au>



<hw>Cess</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[For

<ets>sess</ets>, conts. from <er>Assess</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A rate or tax.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prof. Eng. &

Scot.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Bound; measure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The poor jade is wrung in the withers out of all

<qex>cess</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Cess</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Cessed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Cessing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To rate; to tax; to

assess.</def>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Cess</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>cesser</ets>. See

<er>Cease</er>.]</ety> <def>To cease; to neglect.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Ces"sant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cessans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>cessare</ets>. See

<er>Cease</er>.]</ety> <def>Inactive; dormant</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>W. Montagu.</au>



<hw>Ces*sa"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>cessation</ets>, L. <ets>cessatio</ets>, fr.

<ets>cessare</ets>. See <er>Cease</er>.]</ety> <def>A ceasing of

discontinuance, as of action, whether termporary or final; a

stop; <as>as, a <ex>cessation</ex> of the war</as>.</def>



<q>The temporary <qex>cessation</qex> of the papal

iniquities.</q>

<qau>Motley.</qau>



<q>The day was yearly observed for a festival by

<qex>cessation</qex> from labor.</q>

<qau>Sir J. Hayward.</qau>



<cs><col>Cessation of arms</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>an

armistice, or truce, agreed to by the commanders of armies, to

give time for a capitulation, or for other purposes.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Stop; rest; stay; pause; discontinuance;

intermission; interval; respite; interruption; recess;

remission.</syn>



<hw>\'d8Ces*sa"vit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., he

has ceased.]</ety> <mark>[O. Eng. Law]</mark> <def>A writ given

by statute to recover lands when the tenant has for two years

failed to perform the conditions of his tenure.</def>



<hw>Ces"ser</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Cess</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>a

neglect of a tenant to perform services, or make payment, for two

years.</def>



<hw>Ces"si*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>cessible</ets>. See <er>Cession</er>.]</ety> <def>Giving

way; yielding.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> --

<wordforms><wf>Ces`si*bil"i*ty</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</xex>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>



<au>Sir K. Digby.</au>



<hw>Ces"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cessio</ets>, fr. <ets>cedere</ets> to give way: cf. F.

<ets>Cession</ets>. See <er>Cede</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

yielding to physical force.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Concession; compliance.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A yielding, or surrender, as of property or

rights, to another person; the act of ceding.</def>



<q>A <qex>cession</qex> of the island of New Orleans.</q>

<qau>Bancroft.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Eccl. Law)</fld> <def>The giving up or vacating

a benefice by accepting another without a proper

dispensation.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Civil Law)</fld> <def>The voluntary surrender

of a person's effects to his creditors to avoid

imprisonment.</def>



<hw>Ces"sion*a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>cessionarius</ets>, from <ets>cessionare</ets> to cede, fr.

L. <ets>cessio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>cessionnaire</ets>. See

<er>Cession</er>.]</ety> <def>Having surrendered the effects;

<as>as, a <ex>cessionary</ex> bankrupt</as>.</def>



<au>Martin.</au>



<hw>Cess"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Cess</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>An assessment or

tax.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Ces"sor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Cess</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos> Cf. <er>Cesser</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who neglects, for two years, to perform

the service by which he holds lands, so that he incurs the danger

of the writ of cessavit. See <er>Cessavit</er>.</def>



<au>Cowell.</au>



<hw>Ces"sor</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From <er>Cess</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>]</ety> <def>An assessor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Cess`pipe"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A pipe for

carrying off waste water, etc., from a sink or cesspool.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Cess"pool`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Sesspol</er>.]</ety> <def>A cistern in the course, or the

termination, of a drain, to collect sedimentary or superfluous

matter; a privy vault; any receptace of filth.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>sesspool</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Cest</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cestus</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>ceste</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

woman's girdle; a cestus.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Collins.</au>



<hw>Ces"tode</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the

Cestoidea.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>One of the

Cestoidea.</def></def2>



<hw>Ces"toid</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or

pertaining to the Cestoidea.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos>

<def>One of the Cestoidea.</def></def2>



<hw>\'d8Ces*toid"e*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., gr. Gr. <?/ girble + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A class of parasitic worms

(<spn>Platelminthes</spn>) of which the tapeworms are the most

common examples. The body is flattened, and usually but not

always long, and composed of numerous joints or segments, each of

which may contain a complete set of male and female reproductive

organs. They have neither mouth nor intestine. See

<er>Tapeworm</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>Cestoda</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Ces*told"e*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Cestoidea.</def>



<hw>Ces*tra"ci*ont</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

a kind of fish.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A shark of the

genus <spn>Cestracion</spn>, and of related genera. The posterior

teeth form a pavement of bony plates for crushing shellfish. Most

of the species are extinct. The Port Jackson shark and a similar

one found in California are living examples.</def>



<hw>Ces*tra"ci*ont</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>Pertaining to, or characteristic of, the genus

<spn>Cestracion</spn>.</def>



<hw>Ces"tus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cestus</ets> girdle, Gr. <?/, lit., stitched,

embroidered.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <def>A

girdle; particularly that of Aphrodite (or Venus) which gave the

wearer the power of exciting love.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of Ctenophora. The

typical species (<spn>Cestus Veneris</spn>) is remarkable for its

brilliant iridescent colors, and its long, girdlelike form.</def>



<hw>Ces"tus</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>caestus</ets>, and

<ets>cestus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <def>A covering for

the hands of boxers, made of leather bands, and often loaded with

lead or iron.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Ces"tuy</hw> or <hw>\'d8Ces"tui</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

}</mhw> <pos>pron.</pos> <ety>[Norm. F.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld>

<def>He; the one.</def>



<cs><col>Cestuy que trust</col> <pr>(<?/)</pr> <ety>[norm.

F.]</ety>, <cd>a person who has the equitable and beneficial

interest in property, the legal interest in which is vested in a

trustee. <au>Wharton</au>.</cd> -- <col>Cestuy que use</col>

<pr>(<?/)</pr> <ety>[Norm. F.]</ety>, <cd>a person for whose use

land, etc., is granted to another.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ce*su"ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>C\'91sura</er>.</def>



<hw>Ce*su"ral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See

<er>C\'91sural</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ce*ta"ce*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., from L. <ets>cetus</ets> whale, Gr. <?/.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of marine mammals, including

the whales. Like ordinary mammals they breathe by means of lungs,

and bring forth living young which they suckle for some time. The

anterior limbs are changed to paddles; the tail flukes are

horizontal. There are two living suborders:</def> <sd>(a)</sd>

<stype>The <xex>Mysticete</xex> or whalebone whales, having no

true teeth after birth, but with a series of plates of whalebone

[see <er>Baleen</er>.] hanging down from the upper jaw on each

side, thus making a strainer, through which they receive the

small animals upon which they feed.</stype> <sd>(b)</sd>

<stype>The <xex>Denticete</xex>, including the dolphins and sperm

whale, which have teeth. Another suborder

(<spn>Zeuglodontia</spn>) is extinct. The <spn>Sirenia</spn> were

formerly included in the Cetacea, but are now made a separate

order.</stype>



<hw>Ce*ta"cean</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Cetacea.</def>



<hw>Ce*ta"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Cetacea.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ce"te</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

<ets>pl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the

Cetacea, or collectively, the Cetacea.</def>



<hw>Ce"tene</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Cete</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An oily

hydrocarbon, <chform>C16H32</chform>, of the ethylene series,

obtained from spermaceti.</def>



<hw>Cet"e*rach</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>c\'82t\'82rac</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>shetrak</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of fern with fronds

(<spn>Asplenium Ceterach</spn>).</def>



<hw>Cet"e*wale</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>citoal</ets>, F. <ets>zedoaire</ets>. See

<er>Zedoary</er>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Zedoary</er>.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Ce"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining

to a whale.</def>



<hw>Ce"tin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cetus</ets> whale.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white,

waxy substance, forming the essential part of spermaceti.</def>



<-- p. 236 -->



<hw>Ce`to*log"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to cetology.</def>



<hw>Ce*tol"o*gist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>One

versed in cetology.</def>



<hw>Ce*tol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

whale + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>c\'82tologie</ets>.]</ety>

<def>The description or natural history of cetaceous

animals.</def>



<hw>Ce*trar"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining

to, or derived from, the lichen, Iceland moss (<spn>Cetaria

Islandica</spn>).</def>



<cs><col>Cetraric acid</col>. <cd>See

<er>Cetrarin</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cet"ra*rin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<ets>Cetraria</ets> Islandica, the scientific name of Iceland

moss.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white substance extracted

from the lichen, Iceland moss (<spn>Cetraria Islandica</spn>). It

consists of several ingredients, among which is <xex>cetraric

acid</xex>, a white, crystalline, bitter substance.</def>



<hw>Ce"tyl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ whale +

<ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A radical,

<chform>C16H33</chform>, not yet isolated, but supposed to exist

in a series of compounds homologous with the ethyl compounds, and

derived from spermaceti.</def>



<hw>Ce*tyl"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>Of, pertaining to, or derived from, spermaceti.</def>



<cs><col>Cetylic alcohol</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a white,

waxy, crystalline solid, obtained from spermaceti, and regarded

as homologous with ordinary, or ethyl, alcohol; ethal; -- called

also <altname>cetyl alcohol</altname>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cey"lan*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.

<ets>Ceylan</ets> Ceylon.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A dingy

blue, or grayish black, variety of spinel. It is also called

<altname>pleonaste</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>ceylonite</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Cey`lon*ese"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Ceylon.</def> -- <def2><pos>n. sing. & pl.</pos>

<def>A native or natives of Ceylon.</def></def2>



<hw>C.G.S.</hw> <def>An abbreviation for <er>Centimeter</er>,

<er>Gram</er>, <er>Second</er>. -- applied to a system of units

much empoyed in physical science, based upon the centimeter as

the unit of length, the gram as the unit of weight or mass, and

the second as the unit of time.</def>



<hw>Chab</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>The red-bellied wood pecker (<spn>Melanerpes

Carolinus</spn>).</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Chab"a*site</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Cab"a*zite</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ one of twenty

species of stones mentioned in the poem <?/, ascribed to

Orpheus.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral occuring in

glassy rhombohedral crystals, varying, in color from white to

yellow or red. It is essentially a hydrous silicate of alumina

and lime. Called also <altname>chabasie</altname>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cha*blis"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A white wine made near Chablis, a town in

France.</def>



<-- 2. a white wine resembling Chablis[1], but made elsewhere, as

in California. -->



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Cha*bouk"</hw>, <hw>\'d8Cha*buk"</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Hind.

<ets>ch\'bebuk</ets> horsewhip.]</ety> <def>A long whip, such as

is used in the East in the infliction of punishment.</def>



<au>Balfour.</au>



<hw>Chace</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See 3d

<er>Chase</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 3.</def>



<hw>Chace</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To pursue. See

<er>Chase</er> <pos>v. t.</pos></def>



<hw>\'d8Cha`cha*la"ca</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Native name, prob. given in imitation of its cry.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The texan guan (<spn>Ortalis

vetula</spn>).</def> <altsp>[written also

<asp>chiacalaca</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Chak</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To toss up the

head frequently, as a horse to avoid the restraint of the

bridle.</def>



<hw>\'d8Chac"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Native

name.]</ety> <def>A large species of African baboon

(<spn>Cynocephalus porcarius</spn>); -- called also

<altname>ursine baboon</altname>. <note>[See <xex>Illust</xex>.

of <er>Baboon</er>.]</note></def>



<hw>\'d8Cha*conne"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.

Sp. <ets>chacona</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An old

Spanish dance in moderate three-four measure, like the

Passacaglia, which is slower. Both are used by classical

composers as themes for variations.</def>



<hw>Chad</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Shad</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Ch\'91*te"tes</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/ hair.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of

fossil corals, common in the lower Silurian limestones.</def>



<hw>Ch\'91*tif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ hair + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>Bearing set\'91.</def>



<hw>Ch\'91"to*dont</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

hair + <?/, <?/, tooth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

marine fish of the family <xex>Ch\'91todontid\'91</xex>. The

ch\'91todonts have broad, compressed bodies, and usually bright

colors.</def>



<hw>Ch\'91to*dont</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to

the Ch\'91todonts or the family

<xex>Ch\'91todontid\'91</xex>.</def>



<hw>Ch\'91"tog*nath</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the

Ch\'91tognatha.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ch\'91*tog"na*tha</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ hair + <?/ jaw.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>An order of free-swimming marine worms,

of which the genus <spn>Sagitta</spn> is the type. They have

groups of curved spines on each side of the head.</def>



<hw>Ch\'91"to*pod</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the Ch\'91topoda.</def>

-- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>One of the Ch\'91topoda.</def></def2>



<hw>\'d8Ch\'91*top"o*da</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ hair + <ets>-poda</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A very extensive order of Annelida,

characterized by the presence of lateral set\'91, or spines, on

most or all of the segments.  They are divided into two principal

groups: <spn>Oligoch\'91ta</spn>, including the earthworms and

allied forms, and <spn>Polych\'91ta</spn>, including most of the

marine species.</def>



<hw>Ch\'91"to*tax`y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ hair + <?/ arrangement.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The

arrangement of bristles on an insect.</def>



<hw>Chafe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Chafed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Chafing</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OE. <ets>chaufen</ets> to warm, OF. <ets>chaufer</ets>, F.

<ets>chauffer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>calefacere</ets>,

<ets>calfacere</ets>, to make warm; <ets>calere</ets> to be warm

+ <ets>facere</ets> to make. See <er>Caldron</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To ecxite heat in by friction; to rub in order

to stimulate and make warm.</def>



<q>To rub her temples, and to <qex>chafe</qex> her skin.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To excite passion or anger in; to fret; to

irritate.</def>



<q>Her intercession <qex>chafed</qex> him.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To fret and wear by rubbing; <as>as, to

<ex>chafe</ex> a cable</as>.</def>



<q>Two slips of parchment which she sewed round it to prevent its

being <qex>chafed</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To rub; fret; gall; vex; excite; inflame.</syn>



<hw>Chafe</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To rub; to come together so

as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction.</def>



<q>Made its great boughs <qex>chafe</qex> together.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<q>The troubled Tiber <qex>chafing</qex> with her shores.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be worn by rubbing; <as>as, a cable

<ex>chafes</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To have a feeling of vexation; to be vexed; to

fret; to be irritated.</def>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<q>He will <qex>chafe</qex> at the doctor's marrying my

daughter.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Chafe</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Heat excited by

friction.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Injury or wear caused by friction.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Vexation; irritation of mind; rage.</def>



<q>The cardinal in a <qex>chafe</qex> sent for him to

Whitehall.</q>

<qau>Camden.</qau>



<hw>Chaf"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

who chafes.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A vessel for heating water; -- hence, a dish or

pan.</def>



<q>A <qex>chafer</qex> of water to cool the ends of the

irons.</q>

<qau>Baker.</qau>



<hw>Chaf"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>ceafor</ets>; akin

to D. <ets>kever</ets>, G <ets>k\'89fer</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A kind of beetle; the cockchafer. The

name is also applied to other species; <as>as, the rose

<ex>chafer</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Chaf"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Chafe</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Iron Works)</fld>

<def>An open furnace or forge, in which blooms are heated before

being wrought into bars.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Chafe"wax`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <or/ <hw>Chaff"wax`</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld>

<def>Formerly a chancery officer who fitted wax for sealing writs

and other documents.</def>



<hw>Chafe"weed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The cudweed (<spn>Gnaphalium</spn>), used

to prevent or cure chafing.</def>



<hw>Chaff</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AC.

<ets>ceaf</ets>; akin to D. <ets>kaf</ets>, G.

<ets>kaff</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The glumes or husks of grains and grasses

separated from the seed by threshing and winnowing, etc.</def>



<q>So take the corn and leave the <qex>chaff</qex> behind.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>Old birds are not caught with <qex>caff</qex>.</q>

<qau>Old Proverb.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything of a comparatively light and worthless

character; the refuse part of anything.</def>



<q>The <qex>chaff</qex> and ruin of the times.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Straw or hay cut up fine for the food of

cattle.</def>



<q>By adding <qex>chaff</qex> to his corn, the horse must take

more time to eat it. In this way <qex>chaff</qex> is very

useful.</q>

<qau>Ywatt.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Light jesting talk; banter; raillery.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The scales or bracts on the

receptacle, which subtend each flower in the heads of many

<xex>Composit\'91</xex>, as the sunflower.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<cs><col>Chaff cutter</col>, <cd>a machine for cutting, up straw,

etc., into \'bdchaff\'b8 for the use of cattle.</cd></cs>



<hw>Chaff</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Chaffed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Chaffing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To use light, idle

lagnguage by way of fun or ridicule; to banter.</def>



<hw>Chaff</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make fun of; to turn

into ridicule by addressing in ironical or bantering language; to

quiz.</def>



<q>Morgan saw that his master was <qex>chaffing</qex> him.</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



<q>A dozen honest fellows . . . <qex>chaffed</qex> each other

about their sweethearts.</q>

<qau>C. Kingsley.</qau>



<hw>Chaff"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who chaffs.</def>



<hw>Chaf"fer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>chaffare</ets>, <ets>cheapfare</ets>; AS. <ets>ce\'a0p</ets>

a bargain, price + <ets>faru</ets> a journey; hence, originally,

a going to barain, to market. See <er>Cheap</er>, and

<er>Fare</er>.]</ety> <def>Bargaining; merchandise.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Holished.</au>



<hw>Chaf"fer</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Chaffered</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Chaffering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>chaffaren</ets>, fr. <ets>chaffare</ets>,

<ets>chapfare</ets>, <ets>cheapfare</ets>, a bargaining. See

<er>Chaffer</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To treat or dispute about a purchase; to

bargain; to haggle or higgle; to negotiate.</def>



<q>To <qex>chaffer</qex> for preferments with his gold.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To talk much and idly; to chatter.</def>



<au>Trench.</au>



<hw>Chaf"fer</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To buy or

sell; to trade in.</def>



<q>He <qex>chaffered</qex> chairs in which churchmen were

set.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To exchange; to bandy, as words.</def>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Chaf"fer*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

chaffers; a bargainer.</def>



<hw>Chaf"fern</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Chafe</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>A vessel for heating

water.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Chaf"fer*y</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Traffic;

bargaining.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Chaf"finch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Chiff-chaff</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bird of

Europe (<spn>Fringilla c\'d2lebs</spn>), having a variety of very

sweet songs, and highly valued as a cage bird; -- called also

<altname>copper finch</altname>.</def>



<hw>Chaff"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The use of

light, frivolous language by way of fun or ridicule; raillery;

banter.</def>



<hw>Chaff"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without chaff.</def>



<hw>Chaff"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Abounding in, or resembling, chaff.</def>



<q><qex>Chaffy</qex> grain beneath the thresher's flail.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Light or worthless as chaff.</def>



<q>Slight and <qex>chaffy</qex> opinion.</q>

<qau>Glanvill.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Resembling chaff;

composed of light dry scales.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Bearing or

covered with dry scales, as the under surface of certain ferns,

or the disk of some composite flowers.</def>



<hw>Chaf"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Chafe</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>The act of rubbing,

or wearing by friction; making by rubbing.</def>



<cs><col>Chafing dish</col>, <cd>a dish or vessel for cooking on

the table, or for keeping food warm, either by coals, by a lamp,

or by hot water; a portable grate for coals.</cd> -- <col>Chafing

gear</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>any material used to protect

sails, rigging, or the like, at points where they are exposed to

friction.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cha*green"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Shagreen</er>.</def>



<hw>Cha*grin"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.

<ets>chagrin</ets> shagreen, a particular kind of rough and

grained leather; also a rough fishskin used for graters and

files; hence (<ets>Fig</ets>.), a gnawing, corroding grief. See

<er>Shagreen</er>.]</ety> <def>Vexation; mortification.</def>



<q>I must own that I felt rather vexation and <qex>chagrin</qex>

than hope and satisfaction.</q>

<qau>Richard Porson.</qau>



<q>Hear me, and touch Belinda with <qex>chagrin</qex>.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Vexation; mortification; peevishness; fretfulness;

disgust; disquiet.</syn> <usage> <er>Chagrin</er>,

<er>Vexation</er>, <er>Mortification</er>. These words agree in

the general sense of pain produced by untoward circumstances.

<xex>Vexation</xex> is a feeling of disquietude or irritating

uneasiness from numerous causes, such as losses, disappointments,

etc. <xex>Mortification</xex> is a stronger word, and denotes

that keen sense of pain which results fron wounded pride or

humiliating occurrences. <xex>Chagrin</xex> is literally the

cutting pain produced by the friction of <xex>Shagreen</xex>

leather; in its figurative sense, it varies in meaning, denoting

in its lower degrees simply a state of vexation, and its higher

degrees the keenest sense of mortification.</usage>



\'bd<xex>Vexation</xex> arises chiefly fron our wishes and views

being crossed: <xex>mortification</xex>, from our self-importance

being hurt; <xex>chagrin</xex>, from a mixture of the two.\'b8

<qau>Crabb.</qau>



<hw>Cha*grin"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Chagrined</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Chargrining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>chagriner</ets> See <er>Chagrin</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<def>To excite ill-humor in; to vex; to mortify; <as>as, he was

not a little <ex>chagrined</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Cha*grin"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To be vexed or

annoyed.</def>



<au>Fielding.</au>



<hw>Cha*grin"</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Chagrined.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Chain</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>cha\'8cne</ets>, fr. L. <ets>catena</ets>. Cf.

<er>Catenate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A series of links or

rings, usually of metal, connected, or fitted into one another,

used for various purposes, as of support, of restraint, of

ornament, of the exertion and transmission of mechanical power,

etc.</def>



<q>[They] put a <qex>chain</qex> of gold about his neck.</q>

<qau>Dan. v. 29.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which confines, fetters, or secures, as a

chain; a bond; <as>as, the <ex>chains</ex> of habit</as>.</def>



<q>Driven down

To <qex>chains</qex> of darkness and the undying worm.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A series of things linked together; or a series

of things connected and following each other in succession;

<as>as, a <ex>chain</ex> of mountains; a <ex>chain</ex> of events

or ideas.</as></def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Surv.)</fld> <def>An instrument which consists

of links and is used in measuring land.</def>



<note><hand/ One commonly in use is <xex>Gunter's chain</xex>,

which consists of one hundred links, each link being seven inches

and ninety-two one hundredths in length; making up the total

length of rods, or sixty-six, feet; hence, a measure of that

length; hence, also, a unit for land measure equal to four rods

square, or one tenth of an acre.</note>



<sn>5.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Iron links

bolted to the side of a vessel to bold the dead-eyes connected

with the shrouds; also, the channels.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Weaving)</fld> <def>The warp threads of a

web.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<cs><col>Chain belt</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a belt made of

a chain; -- used for transmitting power.</cd> -- <col>Chain

boat</col>, <cd>a boat fitted up for recovering lost cables,

anchors, etc.</cd> -- <col>Chain bolt</col> <sd>(a)</sd>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>The bolt at the lower end of the chain

plate, which fastens it to the vessel's side.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd>

<cd>A bolt with a chain attached for drawing it out of

position.</cd> -- <col>Chain bond</col>. <cd>See <cref>Chain

timber</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Chain bridge</col>, <cd>a bridge

supported by chain cables; a suspension bridge.</cd> --

<col>Chain cable</col>, <cd>a cable made of iron links.</cd> --

<col>Chain coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a fossil coral

of the genus <spn>Halysites</spn>, common in the middle and upper

Silurian rocks. The tubular corallites are united side by side in

groups, looking in an end view like links of a chain. When

perfect, the calicles show twelve septa.</cd> -- <col>Chain

coupling</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A shackle for uniting lengths of

chain, or connecting a chain with an object.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd>

<fld>(Railroad)</fld> <cd>Supplementary coupling together of cars

with a chain.</cd> -- <col>Chain gang</col>, <cd>a gang of

convicts chained together.</cd> -- <col>Chain hook</col>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a hook, used for dragging cables about

the deck.</cd> -- <col>Chain mail</col>, <cd>flexible, defensive

armor of hammered metal links wrought into the form of a

garment.</cd> -- <col>Chain molding</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>,

<cd>a form of molding in imitation of a chain, used in the Normal

style.</cd> -- <col>Chain pier</col>, <cd>a pier suspended by

chain.</cd> -- <col>Chain pipe</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>an

opening in the deck, lined with iron, through which the cable is

passed into the lockers or tiers.</cd> -- <col>Chain plate</col>

<fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld>, <cd>one of the iron plates or bands,

on a vessel's side, to which the standing rigging is

fastened.</cd> -- <col>Chain pulley</col>, <cd>a pulley with

depressions in the periphery of its wheel, or projections from

it, made to fit the links of a chain.</cd> -- <col>Chain

pumps</col>. <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Chain

rule</col> <fld>(Arith.)</fld>, <cd>a theorem for solving

numerical problems by composition of ratios, or compound

proportion, by which, when several ratios of equality are given,

the consequent of each being the same as the antecedent of the

next, the relation between the first antecedent and the last

consequent is discovered.</cd> -- <col>Chain shot</col>

<fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>two cannon balls united by a shot chain,

formerly used in naval warfare on account of their destructive

effect on a ship's rigging.</cd> -- <col>Chain stitch</col>.

<cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Chain timber</col>.

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Bond timber</cref>, under

<er>Bond</er>.</cd> -- <col>Chain wales</col>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<cd>Same as <er>Channels</er>.</cd> -- <col>Chain wheel</col>.

<cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Closed chain</col>,

<col>Open chain</col></mcol> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>terms

applied to the chemical structure of compounds whose rational

formul\'91 are written respectively in the form of a closed ring

(see <cref>Benzene nucleus</cref>, under <er>Benzene</er>), or in

an open extended form.</cd> -- <col>Endless chain</col>, <cd>a

chain whose ends have been united by a link.</cd></cs>



<hw>Chain</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. p.

p.</pos> <er>Chained</er> <pr>(ch\'bend)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Chaining</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

fasten, bind, or connect with a chain; to fasten or bind

securely, as with a chain; <as>as, <ex>to chain</ex> a

bulldog</as>.</def>



<q><qex>Chained</qex> behind the hostile car.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To keep in slavery; to enslave.</def>



<q>And which more blest? who <qex>chained</qex> his country, say

Or he whose virtue sighed to lose a day?</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To unite closely and strongly.</def>



<q>And in this vow do <qex>chain</qex> my soul to thine.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Surveying)</fld> <def>To measure with the

chain.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To protect by drawing a chain across, as a

harbor.</def>



<-- p. 237 -->



<hw>Chain"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no

chain; not restrained or fettered.</def> \'bdThe

<xex>chainless</xex> mind.\'b8



<au>Byron.</au>



<hw>Chain"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A small

chain.</def>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>Chain" pump`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A pump consisting of an

endless chain, running over a drum or wheel by which it is moved,

and dipping below the water to be raised. The chain has at

intervals disks or lifts which fit the tube through which the

ascending part passes and carry the water to the point of

discharge.</def>



<hw>Chain" stitch`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <sn>1.</sn> <def>An

ornamental stitch like the links of a chain; -- used in

crocheting, sewing, and embroidery.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Machine Sewing)</fld> <def>A stitch in which

the looping of the thread or threads forms a chain on the under

side of the work; the loop stitch, as distinguished from the lock

stitch. See <er>Stitch</er>.</def>



<hw>Chain" wheel`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <sn>1.</sn> <def>A chain

pulley, or sprocket wheel.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An inversion of the chain pump, by which it

becomes a motor driven by water.</def>



<hw>Chain"work`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Work looped

or linked after the manner of a chain; chain stitch work.</def>



<hw>Chair</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>chaiere</ets>, <ets>chaere</ets>, OF. <ets>chaiere</ets>,

<ets>chaere</ets>, F. <ets>chaire</ets> pulpit, fr. L.

<ets>cathedra</ets> chair, armchair, a teacher's or professor's

chair, Gr. <?/ down + <?/ seat, <?/ to sit, akin to E.

<ets>sit</ets>. See <er>Sit</er>, and cf. <er>Cathedral</er>,

<er>chaise</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A movable single seat with a back.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An official seat, as of a chief magistrate or a

judge, but esp. that of a professor; hence, the office

itself.</def>



<q>The <qex>chair</qex> of a philosophical school.</q>

<qau>Whewell.</qau>



<q>A <qex>chair</qex> of philology.</q>

<qau>M. Arnold.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The presiding officer of an assembly; a

chairman; <as>as, to address the <ex>chair</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A vehicle for one person; either a sedan borne

upon poles, or two-wheeled carriage, drawn by one horse; a

gig.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>Think what an equipage thou hast in air,

And view with scorn two pages and a <qex>chair</qex>.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>An iron blok used on railways to support the

rails and secure them to the sleepers.</def>



<cs><col>Chair days</col>, <cd>days of repose and age.</cd> --

<col>To put into the chair</col>, <cd>to elect as president, or

as chairman of a meeting. <xex>Macaulay<xex>.</cd> -- <col>To

take the chair</col>, <cd>to assume the position of president, or

of chairman of a meeting.</cd></cs>



<hw>Chair</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

pr.</pos> <er>Chaired</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Chairing</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

place in a chair.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To carry publicly in a chair in triumph.</def>

<mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Chair"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Chairmen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></plu>.



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The presiding officer of a committee, or of a

public or private meeting, or of any organized body.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One whose business it is to cary a chair or

sedan.</def>



<q>Breaks watchmen's heads and <qex>chairmen's</qex> glasses.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<hw>Chair"man*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The office of a

chairman of a meeting or organized body.</def>



<hw>Chaise</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>chaise</ets> seat, or chair, chaise or carriage, for

<ets>chaire</ets>, from a peculiar Parisian pronunciation. See

<er>Chair</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A two-wheeled carriage

for two persons, with a calash top, and the body hung on leather

straps, or thoroughbraces. It is usually drawn by one

horse.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <mark>Loosely</mark>, <def>a carriage in

general.</def>



<au>Cowper.</au>



<hw>\'d8Cha"ja</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Native

name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The crested screamer of

Brazil (<spn>Palamedea, <or/ Chauna, chavaria</spn>), so called

in imitation of its notes; -- called also

<altname>chauna</altname>, and <altname>faithful

kamichi</altname>. It is often domesticated and is useful in

guarding other poultry. See <er>Kamichi</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cha*la"za</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.

<plw>Chalazas</plw>, L. <plw>Chalaz\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ hail, pimple.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The place on an ovule, or seed, where its

outer coats cohere with each other and the nucleus.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A spiral band of thickened

albuminous substance which exists in the white of the bird's egg,

and serves to maintain the yolk in its position; the

treadle.</def>



<hw>Cha*la"zal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to the chalaza.</def>



<hw>Cha*laze"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Chalaza</er>.</def>



<hw>Chal`a*zif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Chalaza</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having

or bearing chalazas.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cha*la"zi*on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/ dim. of <?/ hail, pimple.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>A small circumscribed tumor of the eyelid caused by

retention of secretion, and by inflammation of the Melbomian

glands.</def>



<hw>Chal*can"thite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>chalcanthum</ets> a solution of blue vitriol, Gr.

<?/.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Native blue vitriol. See

<cref>Blue vitriol</cref>, under <er>Blue</er>.</def>



<hw>Chal"ce*don"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to chalcedony.</def>



<hw>Chal*ced"o*ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Chalcedonies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[ L.

<ets>chalcedonius</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ Chalcedon, a town in Asia

Minor, opposite to Byzantium: cf. <ets>calc\'82doine</ets>, OE.

<ets>calcidoine</ets>, <ets>casidoyne</ets>. Cf.

<er>Cassidony</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A

cryptocrystalline, translucent variety of quartz, having usually

a whitish color, and a luster nearly like wax.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>calcedony</asp>.]</altsp>



<note><hand/ When chalcedony is variegated with with spots or

figures, or arranged in differently colored layers, it is called

<xex>agate</xex>; and if by reason of the thickness, color, and

arrangement of the layers it is suitable for being carved into

cameos, it is called <xex>onyx</xex>. <xex>Chrysoprase</xex> is

green chalcedony; <xex>carnelian</xex>, a flesh red, and

<xex>sard</xex>, a brownish red variety.</note>



<hw>\'d8Chal`chi*huitl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>The Mexican name for turquoise. See

<er>Turquoise</er>.</def>



<hw>Chal"cid fly`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[From Gr. <?/ copper;

in allusion to its color.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One

of a numerous family of hymenopterous insects

(<spn>Chalcidid\'91</spn>. Many are gallflies, others are

parasitic on insects.</def>



<hw>Chal*cid"i*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>chalcis</ets> a lizard, Gr. <?/.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a tropical family of snakelike

lizards (<spn>Chalcid\'91</spn>), having four small or

rudimentary legs.</def>



<hw>Chal"co*cite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

brass.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Native copper sulphide,

called also <altname>copper glance</altname>, and

<altname>vitreous copper</altname>; a mineral of a black color

and metallic luster.</def> <altsp>[Formerly written

<asp>chalcosine</asp>.]</altsp>



<mhw>{ <hw>Chal*cog"ra*pher</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Chal*cog"ra*phist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<def>An engraver on copper or brass; hence, an engraver of copper

plates for printing upon paper.</def>



<hw>Chal*cog"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ copper, brass + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or

art of engraving on copper or brass, especially of engraving for

printing.</def>



<hw>Chal`co*pyr"ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ brass + E. <ets>pyrite</ets>. So named from its color.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Copper pyrites, or yellow copper ore; a

common ore of opper, containing copper, iron, and sulphur. It

occurs massive and in tetragonal crystals of a bright brass

yellow color.</def>



<hw>Chal*da"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Chaldaicus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to

Chaldes.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>The language or

dialect of the Chaldeans; Chaldee.</def></def2>



<hw>Chal"da*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An idiom or

peculiarity in the Chaldee dialect.</def>



<hw>Chal*de"an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Chaldaeus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to

Chaldea.</def>  -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A native

or inhabitant of Chaldea.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A learned man,

esp. an astrologer; -- so called among the Eastern nations,

because astrology and the kindred arts were much cultivated by

the Chaldeans.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Nestorian.</def></def2>



<hw>Chal"dee</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Chaldea.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>The

language or dialect of the Chaldeans; eastern Aramaic, or the

Aramaic used in Chaldea.</def></def2>



<cs><col>Chaldee Paraphrase</col>, <cd>A targum written in

Aramaic.</cd></cs>



<mhw>{ <hw>Chal"drich</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Chal"der</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel.

<ets>tjaldr</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A kind of

bird; the oyster catcher.</def>



<hw>Chal"dron</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>chaldron</ets>, F. <ets>chaudron</ets> kettle. The same word

as <ets>caldron</ets>.]</ety> <def>An English dry measure, being,

at London, 36 bushels heaped up, or its equivalent weight, and

more than twice as much at Newcastle. Now used exlusively for

coal and coke.</def>



<note><hand/ In the United States the <xex>chaldron</xex> is

ordinarily 2,940 lbs, but at New York it is 2,500 lbs.</note>



<au>De Colange.</au>



<hw>\'d8Cha*let"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A herdsman's hut in the mountains of

Switzerland.</def>



<q><qex>Chalets</qex> are summer huts for the Swiss herdsmen.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A summer cottage or country house in the Swiss

mountains; any country house built in the style of the Swiss

cottages.</def>



<hw>Chal"ice</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OR.

<ets>chalis</ets>, <ets>calice</ets>, OF. <ets>chalice</ets>,

<ets>calice</ets>, F. <ets>calice</ets>, fr. L. <ets>calix</ets>,

akin to Gr. <?/ and E. <ets>helmet</ets>. Cf. <er>Calice</er>,

<er>Calyx</er>.]</ety> <def>A cup or bowl; especially, the cup

used in the sacrament of the Lord's Supper.</def>



<hw>Chal"iced</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a

calyx or cup; cupshaped.</def> \'bd<xex>Chaliced</xex>

flowers.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Chalk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>cealc</ets> lime, from L. <ets>calx</ets> limestone. See

<er>Calz</er>, and <er>Cawk</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A soft, earthy substance, of a white,

grayish, or yellowish white color, consisting of calcium

carbonate, and having the same composition as common

limestone.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>Finely prepared chalk,

used as a drawing implement; also, by extension, a compound, as

of clay and black lead, or the like, used in the same manner. See

<er>Crayon</er>.</def>



<cs><col>Black chalk</col>, <cd>a mineral of a bluish color, of a

slaty texture, and soiling the fingers when handled; a variety of

argillaceous slate.</cd> -- <col>By a long chalk</col>, <cd>by a

long way; by many degrees. <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<au>Lowell</au>.</cd> -- <col>Chalk drawing</col> <fld>(Fine

Arts)</fld>, <cd>a drawing made with crayons. See

<er>Crayon</er>.</cd> -- <col>Chalk formation</col>. <cd>See

<cref>Cretaceous formation</cref>, under

<er>Cretaceous</er>.</cd> -- <col>Chalk line</col>, <cd>a cord

rubbed with chalk, used for making straight lines on boards or

other material, as a guide in cutting or in arranging work.</cd>

-- <col>Chalk mixture</col>, <cd>a preparation of chalk,

cinnamon, and sugar in gum water, much used in diarrheal

affection, esp. of infants.</cd> -- <col>Chalk period</col>.

<cd><fld>(Geol.)</fld> See <cref>Cretaceous period</cref>, under

<er>Cretaceous</er>.</cd> -- <col>Chalk pit</col>, <cd>a pit in

which chalk is dug.</cd> -- <col>Drawing chalk</col>. <cd>See

<er>Crayon</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 1.</cd> -- <col>French

chalk</col>, <cd>steatite or soapstone, a soft magnesian

mineral.</cd> -- <col>Red chalk</col>, <cd>an indurated clayey

ocher containing iron, and used by painters and artificers;

reddle.</cd></cs>



<hw>Chalk</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Chalked</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Chalking</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To rub

or mark with chalk.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To manure with chalk, as land.</def>



<au>Morimer.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To make white, as with chalk; to make pale; to

bleach.</def>



<au>Tennyson.</au>



<q>Let a bleak paleness <qex>chalk</qex> the door.</q>

<qau>Herbert.</qau>



<cs><col>To chalk out</col>, <cd>to sketch with, or as with,

chalk; to outline; to indicate; to plan. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

\'bdI shall pursue the plan I have <xex>chalked

out<xex>.\'b8</cd></cs>



<au>Burke.</au>



<hw>Chalk"cut`ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A man who

digs chalk.</def>



<hw>Chalk"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state

of being chalky.</def>



<hw>Chalk"stone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A mass of chalk.</def>



<q>As <qex>chalkstones</qex> . . . beaten in sunder.</q>

<qau>Isa. xxvii. 9.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A chalklike concretion,

consisting mainly of urate of sodium, found in and about the

small joints, in the external ear, and in other situations, in

those affected with gout; a tophus.</def>



<hw>Chalk"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Consisting of,

or resembling, chalk; containing chalk; <as>as, a <ex>chalky</ex>

cliff; a <ex>chalky</ex> taste.</as></def>



<hw>Chal"lenge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>chalenge</ets> claim, accusation, challenge, OF.

<ets>chalenge</ets>, <ets>chalonge</ets>, claim, accusation,

contest, fr. L. <ets>calumnia</ets> false accusation, chicanery.

See <er>Calumny</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An invitation to

engage in a contest or controversy of any kind; a defiance;

specifically, a summons to fight a duel; also, the letter or

message conveying the summons.</def>



<q>A <qex>challenge</qex> to controversy.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of a sentry in halting any one who

appears at his post, and demanding the countersign.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A claim or demand.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>There must be no <qex>challenge</qex> of superiority.</q>

<qau>Collier.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Hunting)</fld> <def>The opening and crying of

hounds at first finding the scent of their game.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An exception to a juror or to a

member of a court martial, coupled with a demand that he should

be held incompetent to act; the claim of a party that a certain

person or persons shall not sit in trial upon him or his

cause.</def>



<au>Blackstone</au>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>An exception to a person as not legally qualifed

to vote. The challenge must be made when the ballot is

offered.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>



<cs><col>Challenge to the array</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an

exception to the whole panel.</cd> -- <col>Challenge to the

favor</col>, <cd>the alleging a special cause, the sufficiency of

which is to be left to those whose duty and office it is to

decide upon it.</cd> -- <col>Challenge to the polls</col>, <cd>an

exception taken to any one or more of the individual jurors

returned.</cd> -- <col>Peremptory challenge</col>, <cd>a

privilege sometimes allowed to defendants, of challenging a

certain number of jurors (fixed by statute in different States)

without assigning any cause.</cd> -- <col>Principal

challenge</col>, <cd>that which the law allows to be sufficient

if found to be true.</cd></cs>



<hw>Chal"lenge</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Challenged</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Challenging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>chalengen</ets> to accuse, claim, OF. <ets>chalengier</ets>,

<ets>chalongier</ets>, to claim, accuse, dispute, fr. L.

<ets>calumniar</ets> to attack with false accusations. See

<er>Challenge</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, and cf.

<er>Calumniate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To call to a contest

of any kind; to call to answer; to defy.</def>



<q>I <qex>challenge</qex> any man to make any pretense to power

by right of fatherhood.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To call, invite, or summon to answer for an

offense by personal combat.</def>



<q>By this I <qex>challenge</qex> him to single fight.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To claim as due; to demand as a right.</def>



<q><qex>Challenge</qex> better terms.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To censure; to blame.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>He complained of the emperors . . . and <qex>challenged</qex>

them for that he had no greater revenues . . . from them.</q>

<qau>Holland.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To question or demand the

countersign from (one who attempts to pass the lines); as, the

sentinel <xex>challenged</xex> us, with  \'bdWho comes

there?\'b8</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To take exception to; question; <as>as, to

<ex>challenge</ex> the accuracy of a statement or of a

quotation</as>.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To object to or take exception

to, as to a juror, or member of a court.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>To object to the reception of the vote of, as on

the ground that the person in not qualifed as a voter.</def>

<mark>[U. S.]</mark>



<cs><mcol><col>To challenge to the array</col>, <col>favor</col>,

<col>polls</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Challenge</er>,

<pos>n.</pos></cd></cs>



<hw>Chal"lenge</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To assert a right; to

claim a place.</def>



<q>Where nature doth with merit <qex>challenge</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Chal"lenge*a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That

may be challenged.</def>



<hw>Chal"len*ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

challenges.</def>



<hw>Chal"lis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>chaly</ets>, <ets>challis</ets>, a stuff made of goat's

hair.]</ety> <def>A soft and delicate woolen, or woolen and silk,

fabric, for ladies' dresses.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>chally</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Cha"lon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A bed

blanket.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Cha*lyb"e*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>chalybe\'8bus</ets>, fr. <ets>chalybs</ets> steel, Gr.

<?/.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the Chalybes, an

ancient people of Pontus in Asia Minor, celebrated for working in

iron and steel.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of superior quality and temper; -- applied to

steel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Cha*lyb"e*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[NL.

<ets>chalybeatus</ets>, fr. <ets>chalube\'8bus</ets>. See

<er>Chalubean</er>.]</ety> <def>Impregnated with salts of iron;

having a taste like iron; <as>as, <ex>chalybeate</ex>

springs</as>.</def>



<hw>Cha*lyb"e*ate</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Any water, liquid, or

medicine, into which iron enters as an ingredient.</def>



<hw>Cha*lyb"e*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Steel blue; of the color of tempered

steel.</def>



<hw>Chal"y*bite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Native iron carbonate; -- usually called

<xex>siderite</xex>.</def>



<hw>Cham</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Chap</er>.]</ety> <def>To chew.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov.

Eng.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. More.</au>



<hw>Cham</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Khan</er>.]</ety> <def>The sovereign prince of Tartary; --

now usually written <asp>khan</asp>.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Cha*made</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>chamade</ets>, fr. Pg. <ets>chamada</ets>, fr.

<ets>chamar</ets> to call, fr. L. <ets>clamare</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A signal made for a parley by beat of a

drum.</def>



<q>They beat the <qex>chamade</qex>, and sent us carte

blanche.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Cha"mal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Native

name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Angora goat. See

<cref>Angora goat</cref>, under <er>Angora</er>.</def>



<hw>Cham"ber</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>chambre</ets>, fr. L. <ets>camera</ets> vault, arched roof,

in LL. chamber, fr. Gr. <?/ anything with a vaulted roof or

arched covering; cf. Skr. <ets>kmar</ets> to be crooked. Cf.

<er>Camber</er>, <er>Camera</er>, <er>Comrade</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A retired room, esp. an upper room used for

sleeping; a bedroom; <as>as, the house had four

<ex>chambers</ex></as>.</def>



<-- p. 238 -->



<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Apartments in a lodging

house.</def> \'bdA bachelor's life in <xex>chambers</xex>.\'b8



<au>Thackeray.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A hall, as where a king gives audience, or a

deliberative body or assembly meets; <as>as, presence

<ex>chamber</ex>; senate <ex>chamber</ex>.</as></def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A legislative or judicial body; an assembly; a

society or association; <as>as, the <ex>Chamber</ex> of Deputies;

the <ex>Chamber</ex> of Commerce.</as></def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A compartment or cell; an inclosed space or

cavity; <as>as, the <ex>chamber</ex> of a canal lock; the

<ex>chamber</ex> of a furnace; the <ex>chamber</ex> of the

eye.</as></def>



<sn>6.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Law.)</fld> <def>A room or

rooms where a lawyer transacts business; a room or rooms where a

judge transacts such official business as may be done out of

court.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>A chamber pot.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>That part of the

bore of a piece of ordnance which holds the charge, esp. when of

different diameter from the rest of the bore; -- formerly, in

guns, made smaller than the bore, but now larger, esp. in

breech-loading guns.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A cavity in a mine,

usually of a cubical form, to contain the powder.</def>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>A short piece of ornance or cannon, which stood

on its breech, without any carriage, formerly used chiefly for

rejoicings and theatrical cannonades.</def>



<cs><col>Air chamber</col>. <cd>See <er>Air chamber</er>, in the

Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Chamber of commerce</col>, <cd>a board

or association to protect the interests of commerce, chosen from

among the merchants and traders of a city.</cd> -- <col>Chamber

council</col>, <cd>a secret council. <au>Shak</au>.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Chamber counsel</col> <or/

<col>counselor</col></mcol>, <cd>a counselor who gives his

opinion in private, or at his chambers, but does not advocate

causes in court.</cd> -- <col>Chamber fellow</col>, <cd>a chamber

companion; a roommate; a chum.</cd> -- <col>Chamber

hangings</col>, <cd>tapestry or hangings for a chamber.</cd> --

<col>Chamber lye</col>, <cd>urine. <au>Shak</au>.</cd> --

<col>Chamber music</col>, <cd>vocal or instrumental music adapted

to performance in a chamber or small apartment or audience room,

instead of a theater, concert hall, or chuch.</cd> --

<col>Chamber practice</col> <fld>(Law.)</fld>, <cd>the practice

of counselors at law, who give their opinions in private, but do

not appear in court.</cd> -- <col>To sit at chambers</col>,

<cd>to do business in chambers, as a judge.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cham"ber</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Chambered</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Chambering</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To reside in

or occupy a chamber or chambers.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be lascivious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Cham"ber</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To shut up,

as inn a chamber.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To furnish with a chamber; <as>as, to

<ex>chamber</ex> a gun</as>.</def>



<hw>Cham"bered</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a

chamber or chambers; <as>as, a <ex>chambered</ex> shell; a

<ex>chambered</ex> gun.</as></def>



<hw>Cham"ber*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who attends in a chamber; a chambermaid.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A civilian; a carpetmonger.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Cham"ber*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Lewdness.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Rom. xiii. 13.</au>



<hw>Cham"ber*lain</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>chamberlain</ets>, <ets>chambrelencF</ets>.

<ets>chambellon</ets>, OHG. <ets>chamerling</ets>,

<ets>chamarlinc</ets>, G. <ets>k\'84mmerling</ets>,

<ets>kammer</ets> chamber (fr. L. <ets>camera</ets>) +

<ets>-ling</ets>. See <er>Chamber</er>, and

<er>-ling</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Formerly written

<asp>chamberlin</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An officer or

servant who has charge of a chamber or chambers.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An upper servant of an inn.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An officer having the direction and management

of the private chambers of a nobleman or monarch; hence, in

Europe, one of the high officers of a court.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A treasurer or receiver of public money; <as>as,

the <ex>chamberlain</ex> of London, of North Wales,

etc.</as></def>



<cs><col>The lord chamberlain of England</col>, <cd>an officer of

the crown, who waits upon the sovereign on the day of coronation,

and provides requisites for the palace of Westminster, and for

the House of Lords during the session of Parliament. Under him

are the gentleman of the black rod and other officers. His office

is distinct from that of the <xex>lord chamberlain of the

Household<xex>, whose functions relate to the royal

housekeeping.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cham"ber*lain*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Office if a

chamberlain.</def>



<hw>Cham"ber*maid`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A maidservant who has the care of chambers, making the beds,

sweeping, cleaning the rooms, etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A lady's maid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>\'d8Cham`ber*tin"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A red

wine from Chambertin near Dijon, in Burgundy.</def>



<hw>Cham"brel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Gambrel</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cha*meck"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Native

Brazilian name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A kind of

spider monkey (<spn>Ateles chameck</spn>), having the thumbs

rudimentary and without a nail.</def>



<hw>Cha*me"le*on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Chamaeleon</ets>, Gr. <?/, lit., \'bdground lion;\'b8 <?/ on

the ground + <?/ lion. See <er>Humble</er>, and

<er>Lion</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A lizardlike

reptile of the genus <spn>Cham\'91leo</spn>, of several species,

found in Africa, Asia, and Europe. The skin is covered with fine

granmulations; the tail is prehensile, and the body is much

compressed laterally, giving it a high back.</def>



<note><hand/ Its color changes more or less with the color of the

objects about it, or with its temper when disturbed. In a cool,

dark place it is nearly white, or grayish; on admitting the

light, it changes to brown, bottle-green, or blood red, of

various shades, and more or less mottled in arrangment. The

American chameleons belong to <spn>Anolis</spn> and allied genera

of the family <spn>Iguanid\'91</spn>. They are more slender in

form than the true chameleons, but have the same power of

changing their colors.</note>



<cs><col>Chameleon mineral</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>the

compound called <altname>potassium permanganate</altname>, a dark

violet, crystalline substance, <chform>KMnO4</chform>, which in

formation passes through a peculiar succession of color from

green to blue, purple, red, etc. See <cref>Potassium

permanganate</cref>, under <er>Potassium</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cha*me"le*on*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

change into various colors.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Cham"fer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Chamfron</er>.]</ety> <def>The surface formed by cutting away

the arris, or angle, formed by two faces of a piece of timber,

stone, etc.</def>



<hw>Cham"fer</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Chamfered</er> ; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Chamfering</er>.(<?/)]</wordforms>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>To cut a furrow in, as in a

column; to groove; to channel; to flute.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make a chamfer on.</def>



<hw>Cham"fret</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Chamfron</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>A

small gutter; a furrow; a groove.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A chamfer.</def>



<hw>Cham"fron</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>chanfrein</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anc. Armor)</fld> <def>The

frontlet, or head armor, of a horse.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>champfrain</asp> and <asp>chamfrain</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Cham"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Camlet</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Cham"ois</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>chamois</ets>,

prob. fr. OG. <ets>gamz</ets>, G. <ets>gemse</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small species of

antelope (<spn>Rupicapra tragus</spn>), living on the loftiest

mountain ridges of Europe, as the Alps, Pyrenees, etc. It

possesses remarkable agility, and is a favorite object of

chase.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A soft leather made from the skin of the

chamois, or from sheepskin, etc.; -- called also <altname>chamois

leather</altname>, and <altname>chammy</altname> or

<altname>shammy leather</altname>. See <er>Shammy</er>.</def>



<hw>Cham"o*mile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Camomile</er>.</def>



<hw>Champ</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Champed</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Champing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Prob, of Scand. orgin; cf.

dial. Sw. <ets>k\'84msa</ets> to chew with difficulty, champ; but

cf. also OF. <ets>champier</ets>, <ets>champeyer</ets>,

<ets>champoyer</ets>, to graze in fields, fr. F. <ets>champ</ets>

field, fr. L. <ets>campus</ets>. Cf. <er>Camp</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To bite with repeated action of the teeth so as

to be heard.</def>



<q>Foamed and <qex>champed</qex> the golden bit.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To bite into small pieces; to crunch.</def>



<au>Steele.</au>



<hw>Champ</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To bite or chew

impatiently.</def>



<q>They began . . . irefully to <qex>champ</qex> upon the

bit.</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Champ</hw>, <hw>Champe</hw>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F. <ets>champ</ets>, L. <ets>campus</ets> field.]</ety>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The field or ground on which carving

appears in relief.</def>



<hw>Cham*pagne"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See

<er>Champaign</er>.]</ety> <def>A light wine, of several kinds,

originally made in the province of Champagne, in France.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Champagne</xex> properly includes several kinds

not only of sparkling but off still wines; but in America the

term is usually restricted to wines which effervesce.</note>



<hw>Cham*paign"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>champaigne</ets>; same word as <ets>campagne</ets>.]</ety>

<def>A flat, open country.</def>



<q>Fair <qex>champaign</qex>, with less rivers interveined.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>Through Apline vale or <qex>champaign</qex> wide.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<hw>Cham*paign"</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Flat; open; level.</def>



<q>A wide, <qex>champaign</qex> country, filled with herds.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<hw>Champ"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

champs, or bites.</def>



<hw>Cham"per*tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>champarteur</ets> a divider of fields or field rent. See

<er>Champerty</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One guilty of

champerty; one who purchases a suit, or the right of suing, and

carries it on at his own expense, in order to obtain a share of

the gain.</def>



<hw>Cham"per*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>champart</ets> field rent, L. <ets>campipars</ets>;

<ets>champ</ets> (L. <ets>campus</ets>) field + <ets>part</ets>

(<ets>L</ets>. <ets>pars</ets>) share.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Partnership in power; equal share of authority.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Beaut\'82 ne sleighte, strengthe ne hardyness,

Ne may with Venus holde <qex>champartye</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The prosecution or defense of a

suit, whether by furnishing money or personal services, by one

who has no legitimate concern therein, in consideration of an

agreement that he shall receive, in the event of success, a share

of the matter in suit; maintenance with the addition of an

agreement to divide the thing in suit. See

<er>Maintenance</er>.</def>



<note><hand/ By many authorities champerty is defined as an

<xex>agreement</xex> of this nature. From early times the offence

of champerty has been forbidden and punishable.</note>



<hw>Cham*pi"gnon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., a

mushroom, ultimately fr. L. <ets>campus</ets> field. See

<er>Camp</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An edible species of

mushroom (<spn>Agaricus campestris</spn>).</def>



<cs><col>Fairy ring champignon</col>, <cd>the <spn>Marasmius

oreades</spn>, which has a strong flavor but is edible.</cd></cs>



<hw>Chap"pi*on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>champion</ets>, fr. LL.<ets>campio</ets>, of German origin;

cf. OHG. <ets>chempho</ets>, <ets>chemphio</ets>, fighter,

<ets>champf</ets>, G. <ets>kampf</ets>, contest; perh. influenced

by L. <ets>campus</ets> field, taken in the sense of \'bdfield of

battle.\'b8]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who engages in any

contest; esp. one who in ancient times contended in single combat

in behalf of another's honor or rights; or one who acts or speaks

in behalf of a person or a cause; a defender; an advocate; a

hero.</def>



<q>A stouter <qex>champion</qex> never handled sword.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q><qex>Champions</qex> of law and liberty.</q>

<qau>Fisher Ames.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who by defeating all rivals, has obtained an

acknowledged supremacy in any branch of athetics or game of

skill, and is ready to contend with any rival; <as>as, the

<ex>champion</ex> of England</as>.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Champion</xex> is used attributively in the

sense of <xex>surpassing all competitors</xex>;

<xex>overmastering</xex>; as, <xex>champion</xex> pugilist;

<xex>champion</xex> chess player.</note>



<syn>Syn. -- Leader; chieftain; combatant; hero; warrior;

defender; protector.</syn>



<hw>Cham"pi*on</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Championed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Championing</er>.]</wordforms> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To furnish with a champion; to attend or defend

as champion; to support or maintain; to protect.</def>



<q><qex>Championed</qex> or unchampioned, thou diest.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<hw>Cham"pi*on*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

female champion.</def>



<au>Fairfax.</au>



<hw>Cham"pi*on*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>State of being

champion; leadership; supremancy.</def>



<hw>Cham*plain" pe"ri*od</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld>

<def>A subdivision of the Quaternary age immediately following

the Glacial period; -- so named from beds near Lake

Champlain.</def>



<note><hand/ The earlier deposits of this period are diluvial in

character, as if formed in connection with floods attending the

melting of the glaciers, while the later deposits are of finer

material in more quiet waters, as the alluvium.</note>



<hw>\'d8Cham*sin"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>See <er>Kamsin</er>.</def>



<hw>Chance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>chance</ets>, OF. <ets>cheance</ets>, fr. LL.

<ets>cadentia</ets> a allusion to the falling of the dice), fr.

L. <ets>cadere</ets> to fall; akin to Skr. <ets>\'87ad</ets> to

fall, <ets>L</ets>. <ets>cedere</ets> to yield, <ets>E</ets>.

<ets>cede</ets>. Cf. <er>Cadence</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

supposed material or psychical agent or mode of activity other

than a force, law, or purpose; fortune; fate; -- in this sense

often personifed.</def>



<q>It is strictly and philosophically true in nature and reason

that there is no such thing as <qex>chance</qex> or accident; it

being evident that these words do not signify anything really

existing, anything that is truly an agent or the cause of any

event; but they signify merely men's ignorance of the real and

immediate cause.</q>

<qau>Samuel Clark.</qau>



<q>Any society into which <qex>chance</qex> might throw him.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<q>That power

Which erring men call <qex>Chance</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The operation or activity of such agent.</def>



<q>By chance a priest came down that way.</q>

<qau>Luke x. 31.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The supposed effect of such an agent; something

that befalls, as the result of unknown or unconsidered forces;

the issue of uncertain conditions; an event not calculated upon;

an unexpected occurrence; a happening; accident; fortuity;

casualty.</def>



<q>It was a <qex>chance</qex> that happened to us.</q>

<qau>1 Sam. vi. 9.</qau>



<q>The Knave of Diamonds tries his wily arts,

And wins (O shameful <qex>chance</qex>!) the Queen of Hearts.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<q>I spake of most disastrous <qex>chance</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A possibity; a likelihood; an opportunity; --

with reference to a doubtful result; <as>as, a <ex>chance</ex>

result; <as>as, a <ex>chance</ex> to escape</as>; a

<ex>chance</ex> for life; the <ex>chances</ex> are all against

him.</as></def>



<q>So weary with disasters, tugged with fortune.

That I would get my life on any <qex>chance</qex>,

To mend it, or be rid on't</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Probability.</def>



<note><hand/ The mathematical expression, of a <xex>chance</xex>

is the ratio of frequency with which an event happens in the long

run. If an event may happen in <xex>a</xex> ways and may fail in

<xex>b</xex> ways, and each of these <xex>a</xex> + <xex>b</xex>

ways is equally likely, the <xex>chance</xex>, or probability,

that the event will happen is measured by the fraction

<ratio>a/(a + b)</ratio>, and the <xex>chance</xex>, or

probability, that it will fail is measured by <ratio>b/(a +

b)</ratio>.</note>



<cs><col>Chance comer</col>, <cd>one who, comes

unexpectedly.</cd> -- <col>The last chance</col>, <cd>the sole

remaining ground of hope.</cd> -- <col>The main chance</col>,

<cd>the chief opportunity; that upon which reliance is had, esp.

self-interest.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Theory of chances</col>,

<col>Doctrine of chances</col></mcol> <fld>(Math.)</fld>,

<cd>that branch of mathematics which treats of the probability of

the occurrence of particular events, as the fall of dice in given

positions.</cd> -- <col>To mind one's chances</col>, <cd>to take

advantage of every circumstance; to seize every

opportunity.</cd></cs>



<hw>Chance</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Chanced</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Chancing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To happen, come, or

arrive, without design or expectation.</def> \'bdThings that

<xex>chance</xex> daily.\'b8



<au>Robynson (More's Utopia).</au>



<q>If a bird's nest <qex>chance</qex> to be before thee.</q>

<qau>Deut. xxii. 6.</qau>



<q>I <qex>chanced</qex> on this letter.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<note>Often used impersonally; as, how <xex>chances</xex>

it?</note>



<q>How <qex>chance</qex>, thou art returned so soon?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Chance</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To take the

chances of; to venture upon; -- usually with <xex>it</xex> as

object.</def>



<q>Come what will, I will <qex>chance</qex> it.</q>

<qau>W. D. Howells.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To befall; to happen to.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>W. Lambarde.</au>



<hw>Chance</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Happening by chance;

casual.</def>



<hw>Chance</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>By chance; perchance.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>Chance"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Fortuitous; casual.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Chance"a*bly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>By chance.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Chance"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Hazardous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Chan"cel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>chancel</ets>, F. <ets>chanceau</ets>, <ets>cancel</ets>,

fr. L. <ets>cancelli</ets> lattices, crossbars. (The

<ets>chancel</ets> was formerly inclosed with lattices or

crossbars) See <er>Cancel</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>That part of a church,

reserved for the use of the clergy, where the altar, or communion

table, is placed.</def> Hence, in modern use; <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>All that part of a cruciform church which is beyond the line

of the transept farthest from the main front.</def>



<cs><col>Chancel aisle</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>the aisle

which passes on either side of or around the chancel.</cd> --

<col>Chancel arch</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>the arch which

spans the main opening, leading to the chancel -- <xex>Chancel

casement<xex>, the principal window in a chancel.

<xex>Tennyson<xex>.</cd> -- <col>Chancel table</col>, <cd>the

communion table.</cd></cs>



<hw>Chan"cel*ler*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Chancery</er>.]</ety> <def>Chancellorship.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Gower.</au>



<hw>Chan"cel*lor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>canceler</ets>, <ets>chaunceler</ets>, F.

<ets>chancelier</ets>, LL. <ets>cancellarius</ets> chancellor, a

director of chancery, fr. L. <ets>cancelli</ets> lattices,

crossbars, which surrounded the seat of judgment. See

<er>Chancel</er>.]</ety> <def>A judicial court of chancery, which

in England and in the United States is distinctively a court with

equity jurisdiction.</def>



<note><hand/ The <xex>chancellor</xex> was originally a chief

scribe or secretary under the Roman emperors, but afterward was

invested with judicial powers, and had superintendence over the

other officers of the empire. From the Roman empire this office

passed to the church, and every bishop has his chancellor, the

principal judge of his consistory. In later times, in most

countries of Europe, the chancellor was a high officer of state,

keeper of the great seal of the kingdom, and having the

supervision of all charters, and like public instruments of the

crown, which were authenticated in the most solemn manner. In

France a secretary is in some cases called a

<xex>chancellor</xex>. In Scotland, the appellation is given to

the foreman of a jury, or assize. In the present German empire,

the <xex>chancellor</xex> is the president of the federal council

and the head of the imperial administration. In the United

States, the title is given to certain judges of courts of

chancery or equity, established by the statutes of separate

States.</note>



<au>Blackstone. Wharton.</au>



<cs><mcol><col>Chancellor of a bishop</col>, <or/ <col>of a

diocese</col></mcol> <fld>(R. C. Ch. & ch. of Eng.)</fld>, <cd>a

law officer appointed to hold the bishop's court in his diocese,

and to assist him in matter of ecclesiastical law.</cd> --

<col>Chancellor of a cathedral</col>, <cd>one of the four chief

dignitaries of the cathedrals of the old foundation, and an

officer whose duties are chiefly educational, with special

reference to the cultivation of theology.</cd> -- <col>Chancellor

of the Duchy of Lancaster</col>, <cd>an officer before whom, or

his deputy, the court of the duchy chamber of Lancaster is held.

This is a special jurisdiction.</cd> -- <col>Chancellor of a

university</col>, <cd>the chief officer of a collegiate body. In

Oxford, he is elected for life; in Cambridge, for a term of

years; and his office is honorary, the chief duties of it

devolving on the vice chancellor.</cd> -- <col>Chancellor of the

exchequer</col>, <cd>a member of the British cabinet upon whom

devolves the charge of the public income and expenditure as the

highest finance minister of the government.</cd> --

<col>Chancellor of the order of the Garter</col> (or other

military orders), <cd>an officer who seals the commissions and

mandates of the chapter and assembly of the knights, keeps the

register of their proceedings, and delivers their acts under the

seal of their order.</cd> -- <col>Lord high chancellor of

England</col>, <cd>the presiding judge in the court of chancery,

the highest judicial officer of the crown, and the first lay

person of the state after the blood royal. He is created

chancellor by the delivery into his custody of the great seal, of

which he becomes keeper. He is privy counselor by his office, and

prolocutor of the House of Lords by prescription.</cd></cs>



<hw>Chan"cel*lor*ship</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

office of a chancellor; the time during which one is

chancellor.</def>



<hw>Chance"-med`ley</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Chance</ets> + <ets>medley</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The kiling of another in self-defense upon

a sudden and unpremeditated encounter. See

<er>Chaud-Medley</er>.</def>



<note><hand/ The term has been sometimes applied to any kind of

homicide by misadventure, or to any accidental killing of a

person without premeditation or evil intent, but, in strictness,

is applicable to such killing as happens in defending one's self

against assault.</note>



<au>Bouvier.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Luck; chance; accident.</def>



<au>Milton. Cowper.</au>



<hw>Chan"cer*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>chancellerie</ets>, LL. <ets>cancellaria</ets>, from L.

<ets>cancellarius</ets>. See <er>Chancellor</er>, and cf.

<er>Chancellery</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In England,

formerly, the highest court of judicature next to the Parliament,

exercising jurisdiction at law, but chiefly in equity; but under

the jurisdiction act of 1873 it became the chancery division of

the High Court of Justice, and now exercises jurisdiction only in

equity.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In the Unites States, a court of equity; equity;

proceeding in equity.</def>



<note><hand/ A court of chancery, so far as it is a court of

equity, in the English and American sense, may be generally, if

not precisely, described as one having jurisdiction in cases of

rights, recognized and protected by the municipal jurisprudence,

where a plain, adequate, and complete remedy can not be had in

the courts of common law. In some of the American States,

jurisdiction at law and in equity centers in the same tribunal.

The courts of the United States also have jurisdiction both at

law and in equity, and in all such cases they exercise their

jurisdiction, as courts of law, or as courts of equity, as the

subject of adjudication may require. In others of the American

States, the courts that administer equity are distinct tribunals,

having their appropriate judicial officers, and it is to the

latter that the appellation <xex>courts of chancery</xex> is

usually applied; but, in American law, the terms

<xex>equity</xex> and <xex>court of equity</xex> are more

frequently employed than the corresponding terms

<xex>chancery</xex> and <xex>court of chancery</xex>.</note>



<au>Burrill.</au>



<cs><col>Inns of chancery</col>. <cd>See under <er>Inn</er>.</cd>

-- <col>To get (<it>or</it> to hold) In chancery</col>

<fld>(Boxing)</fld>, <cd>to get the head of an antagonist under

one's arm, so that one can pommel it with the other fist at will;

hence, to have wholly in One's power. The allusion is to the

condition of a person involved in the chancery court, where he

was helpless, while the lawyers lived upon his estate.</cd></cs>



<hw>Chan"cre</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>chancere</ets>. See <er>Cancer</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A venereal sore or ulcer; specifically,

the initial lesion of true syphilis, whether forming a distinct

ulcer or not; -- called also <altname>hard chancre</altname>,

<altname>indurated chancre</altname>, and <altname>Hunterian

chancre</altname>.</def>



<cs><col>Soft chancre</col>. <cd>A chancroid. See

<er>Chancroid</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Chan"croid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Chancre</ets> + <ets>-oil</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A venereal sore, resembling a chancre in

its seat and some external characters, but differing from it in

being the starting point of a purely local process and never of a

systemic disease; -- called also <altname>soft

chancre</altname>.</def>



<hw>Chan"crous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>chancreux</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of the nature

of a chancre; having chancre.</def>



<hw>Chan`de*lier"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See

<er>Chandler</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A candlestick, lamp,

stand, gas fixture, or the like, having several branches; esp.,

one hanging from the ceiling.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A movable parapet, serving to

support fascines to cover pioneers.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Chan"dler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>chandelier</ets> a candlestick, a maker or seller of

candles, LL. <ets>candelarius</ets> chandler, fr. L.

<ets>candela</ets> candle. See <er>Candle</er>, and cf.

<ets>Chandelier</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A maker or seller

of candles.</def>



<q>The <qex>chandler's</qex> basket, on his shoulder borne,

With tallow spots thy coat.</q>

<qau>Gay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A dealer in other commodities, which are

indicated by a word prefixed; <as>as, ship <ex>chandler</ex>,

corn <ex>chandler</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Chan"dler*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a

chandler; in a petty way.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Chan"dler*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Commodities

sold by a chandler.</def>



<hw>\'d8Chan*doo"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

extract or preparation of opium, used in China and India for

smoking.</def>



<au>Balfour.</au>



<hw>Chan"dry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Chandlery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdTorches from the

<xex>chandry</xex>.\'b8



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Chan"frin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>chanfrein</ets>. Cf. <er>Chamfron</er>.]</ety> <def>The fore

part of a horse's head.</def>



<hw>Change</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Changed</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Changing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>changer</ets>, fr.

LL. <ets>cambiare</ets>, to exchange, barter, L.

<ets>cambire</ets>. Cf. <er>Cambial</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To alter; to make different; to cause to pass from one state

to another; <as>as, to <ex>change</ex> the position, character,

or appearance of a thing; to <ex>change</ex> the

countenance.</as></def>



<q>Therefore will I <qex>change</qex> their glory into shame.</q>

<qau>Hosea. iv. 7.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To alter by substituting something else for, or

by giving up for something else; <as>as, to <ex>change</ex> the

clothes; to <ex>change</ex> one's occupation; to <ex>change</ex>

one's intention.</as></def>



<q>They that do <qex>change</qex> old love for new,

Pray gods, they change for worse!</q>

<qau>Peele.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To give and take reciprocally; to exchange; --

followed by <xex>with</xex>; <as>as, to <ex>change</ex> place, or

hats, or money, with another</as>.</def>



<q>Look upon those thousands with whom thou wouldst not, for any

interest, <qex>change</qex> thy fortune and condition.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Specifically: To give, or receive, smaller

denominations of money (technically called <xex>change</xex>)

for; <as>as, to <ex>change</ex> a gold coin or a bank

bill</as>.</def>



<q>He pulled out a thirty-pound note and bid me <qex>change</qex>

it.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<cs><col>To change a horse, <it>or</it> To change hand</col>

<fld>(Man.)</fld>, <cd>to turn or bear the horse's head from one

hand to the other, from the left to right, or from the right to

the left.</cd> -- <col>To change hands</col>, <cd>to change

owners.</cd> -- <col>To change one's tune</col>, <cd>to become

less confident or boastful.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> --

<col>To change step</col>, <cd>to take a break in the regular

succession of steps, in marching or walking, as by bringing the

hollow of one foot against the heel of the other, and then

stepping off with the foot which is in advance.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- To alter; vary; deviate; substitute; innovate;

diversify; shift; veer; turn. See <er>Alter</er>.</syn>



<hw>Change</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To be altered;

to undergo variation; <as>as, men sometimes <ex>change</ex> for

the better</as>.</def>



<q>For I am Lord, I <qex>change</qex> not.</q>

<qau>Mal. iii. 6.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To pass from one phase to another; <as>as, the

moon <ex>changes</ex> to-morrow night</as>.</def>



<hw>Change</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>change</ets>, fr.

<ets>changer</ets>. See <er>Change</er>. <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Any variation or alteration; a passing from one

state or form to another; <as>as, a <ex>change</ex> of

countenance; a <ex>change</ex> of habits or

principles.</as></def>



<q>Apprehensions of a <qex>change</qex> of dynasty.</q>

<qau>Hallam.</qau>



<q>All the days of my appointed time will I wait, till my

<qex>change</qex> come.</q>

<qau>Job xiv. 14.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A succesion or substitution of one thing in the

place of another; a difference; novelty; variety; <as>as, a

<ex>change</ex> of seasons</as>.</def>



<q>Our fathers did for <qex>change</qex> to France repair.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>The ringing grooves of <qex>change</qex>.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A passing from one phase to another; <as>as, a

<ex>change</ex> of the moon</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Alteration in the order of a series;

permutation.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>That which makes a variety, or may be

substituted for another.</def>



<q>Thirty <qex>change</qex> (R.V. <qex>changes</qex>) of

garments.</q>

<qau>Judg. xiv. 12.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Small money; the money by means of which the

larger coins and bank bills are made available in small dealings;

hence, the balance returned when payment is tendered by a coin or

note exceeding the sum due.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <ety>[See <er>Exchange</er>.]</ety> <def>A place

where merchants and others meet to transact business; a building

appropriated for mercantile transactions.</def> <mark>[Colloq.

for Exchange.]</mark>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>A public house; an alehouse.</def>

<mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<q>They call an alehouse a <qex>change</qex>.</q>

<qau>Burt.</qau>



<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Any order in which a number of

bells are struck, other than that of the diatonic scale.</def>



<q>Four bells admit twenty-four <qex>changes</qex> in

ringing.</q>

<qau>Holder.</qau>



<cs><col>Change of life</col>, <cd>the period in the life of a

woman when menstruation and the capacity for conception cease,

usually occurring between forty-five and fifty years of age.</cd>

-- <col>Change ringing</col>, <cd>the continual production,

without repetition, of changes on bells, See def. 9. above.</cd>

-- <col>Change wheel</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>one of a set

of wheels of different sizes and number of teeth, that may be

changed or substituted one for another in machinery, to produce a

different but definite rate of angular velocity in an axis, as in

cutting screws, gear, etc.</cd> -- <col>To ring the changes

on</col>, <cd>to present the same facts or arguments in variety

of ways.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Variety; variation; alteration; mutation;

transition; vicissitude; innovation; novelty; transmutation;

revolution; reverse.</syn>



<hw>Change`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Changeableness.</def>



<hw>Change"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>changeable</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Capable of change;

subject to alteration; mutable; variable; fickle; inconstant;

<as>as, a <ex>changeable</ex> humor</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Appearing different, as in color, in different

lights, or under different circumstances; <as>as,

<ex>changeable</ex> silk</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Mutable; alterable; variable; inconstant; fitful;

vacillating; capricious; fickle; unstable; unsteady; unsettled;

wavering; erratic; giddy; volatile.</syn>



<hw>Change"a*ble*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of

being changeable; fickleness; inconstancy; mutability.</def>



<hw>Change"a*bly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a changeable

manner.</def>



<hw>Change"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of

change; mutable; inconstant; fickle; uncertain.</def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<q>His course had been <qex>changeful</qex>.</q>

<qau>Motley.</qau>



-- <wordforms><wf>Change"ful*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Change"ful*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Change"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That can not be changed;

constant; <as>as, a <ex>changeless</ex> purpose</as>.</def>



-- <wordforms><wf>Change"less*ness</wf>,

<pos>n</pos>.</wordforms>



<hw>Change"ling</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Change</ets> +

<ets>-ling</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who, or that which,

is left or taken in the place of another, as a child exchanged by

fairies.</def>



<q>Such, men do <qex>changelings</qex> call, so changed by

fairies' theft.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<q>The <qex>changeling</qex> [a substituted writing] never

known.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A simpleton; an idiot.</def>



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<q><qex>Changelings</qex> and fools of heaven, and thence shut

out.</q>



<q>Wildly we roam in discontent about.</q>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>One apt to change; a waverer.</def> \'bdFickle

<xex>changelings</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Change"ling</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Taken or

left in place of another; changed.</def> \'bdA little

<xex>changeling</xex> boy.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Given to change; inconstant.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Some are so studiously <qex>changeling</qex>.</q>

<qau>Boyle.</qau>



<hw>Chan"ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who changes or alters the form of anything.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who deals in or changes money.</def>



<au>John ii. 14.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>One apt to change; an inconstant person.</def>



<hw>\'d8Chank"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Skr.

<ets>\'87a\'efkha</ets>. See <er>Conch</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The East Indian name for the large

spiral shell of several species of sea conch much used in making

bangles, esp. <spn>Turbinella pyrum</spn>. Called also

<altname>chank chell</altname>.</def>



<hw>Chan"nel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>chanel</ets>, <ets>canel</ets>, OF. <ets>chanel</ets>, F.

<ets>chenel</ets>, fr. L. <ets>canalis</ets>. See

<er>Canal</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The hollow bed where a

stream of water runs or may run.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The deeper part of a river, harbor, strait,

etc., where the main current flows, or which affords the best and

safest passage for vessels.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Geog.)</fld> <def>A strait, or narrow sea,

between two portions of lands; <as>as, the British

<ex>Channel</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>That through which anything passes; means of

passing, conveying, or transmitting; <as>as, the news was

conveyed to us by different <ex>channels</ex></as>.</def>



<q>The veins are converging <qex>channels</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dalton.</qau>



<q>At best, he is but a <qex>channel</qex> to convey to the

National assembly such matter as may import that body to

know.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A gutter; a groove, as in a fluted column.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <ety>[Cf. <er>Chain

wales</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Flat ledges of heavy

plank bolted edgewise to the outside of a vessel, to increase the

spread of the shrouds and carry them clear of the bulwarks.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Channel bar</col>, <col>Channel iron</col></mcol>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>an iron bar or beam having a section

resembling a flat gutter or channel.</cd> -- <col>Channel

bill</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very large Australian

cucko (<spn>Scythrops Nov\'91hollandi\'91</spn>.</cd> --

<col>Channel goose</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See

<er>Gannet</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Chan"nel</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Channeled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>, or <er>Channelled</er>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Channeling</er>, or

<er>Channelling</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To form a

channel in; to cut or wear a channel or channels in; to

groove.</def>



<q>No more shall trenching war <qex>channel</qex> her fields.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To course through or over, as in a

channel.</def>



<au>Cowper.</au>



<hw>Chan"nel*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or

process of forming a channel or channels.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A channel or a system of channels; a

groove.</def>



<hw>Chan"son</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L.

<ets>cantion</ets> song. See <er>Cantion</er>,

<er>Canzone</er>.]</ety> <def>A song.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>\'d8Chan`son*nette"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl. <plw>Chansonnettes</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[F.,

dim. of <ets>chanson</ets>.]</ety> <def>A little song.</def>



<q>These pretty little <qex>chansonnettes</qex> that he sung.</q>

<qau>Black.</qau>



<hw>Chant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Chanted</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Chanting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.

<ets>chanter</ets>, fr. L. <ets>cantare</ets>, intens. of

<ets>canere</ets> to sing. Cf. <er>Cant</er> affected speaking,

and see <er>Hen</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To utter with a

melodious voice; to sing.</def>



<q>The cheerful birds . . . do <qex>chant</qex> sweet music.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To celebrate in song.</def>



<q>The poets <qex>chant</qex> in the theaters.</q>

<qau>Bramhall.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>To sing or recite after the

manner of a chant, or to a tune called a chant.</def>



<hw>Chant</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make melody

with the voice; to sing.</def> \'bd<xex>Chant</xex> to the sound

of the viol.\'b8



<au>Amos vi. 5.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>To sing, as in reciting a

chant.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>To chant</col> (<or/ <col>chaunt</col>)

<col>horses<col></mcol>, <cd>to sing their praise; to overpraise;

to cheat in selling. See <er>Chaunter</er>.</cd>



<au>Thackeray.</au>

</cs>



<hw>Chant</hw>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[F. <ets>chant</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>cantus</ets> singing, song, fr. <ets>canere</ets> to sing.

See <er>Chant</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Song; melody.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A short and simple melody,

divided into two parts by double bars, to which unmetrical

psalms, etc., are sung or recited. It is the most ancient form of

choral music.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A psalm, etc., arranged for chanting.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Twang; manner of speaking; a canting tone.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>His strange face, his strange <qex>chant</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<cs><col>Ambrosian chant</col>, See under <er>Ambrosian</er>.

<col>Chant royal</col> <ety>[F.]</ety>, <cd>in old French poetry,

a poem containing five strophes of eleven lines each, and a

concluding stanza. -- each of these six parts ending with a

common refrain.</cd> -- <col>Gregorian chant</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Gregorian</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Chan`tant"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

singing.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Composed in a melodious

and singing style.</def>



<hw>Chant"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>chanteur</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who chants; a

singer or songster.</def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The chief singer of the chantry.</def>



<au>J. Gregory.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The flute or finger pipe in a bagpipe. See

<er>Bagpipe</er>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The hedge sparrow.</def>



<hw>\'d8Chan`te*relle"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name for several species

of mushroom, of which one (<spn>Cantharellus cibrius</spn>) is

edible, the others reputed poisonous.</def>



<hw>Chan"ti*cleer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>Chanteclair</ets>, name of the cock in the <ets>Roman du

Renart</ets> (<ets>Reynard the Fox</ets>); <ets>chanter</ets> to

chant + <ets>clair</ets> clear. See <er>Chant</er>, and

<er>Clear</er>.]</ety> <def>A cock, so called from the clearness

or loundness of his voice in crowing.</def>



<hw>Chant"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Singing, esp.

as a chant is sung.</def>



<cs><col>Chanting falcon</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an

African falcon (<spn>Melierax canorus or musicus</spn>). The male

has the habit, remarkable in a bird of prey, of singing to his

mate, while she is incubating.</cd></cs>



<hw>Chant"or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

chanter.</def>



<hw>Chant"ress</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>chanteresse</ets>.]</ety> <def>A female chanter or

singer.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<-- p. 240 -->



<hw>Chant"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Chantries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[OF.

<ets>chanterie</ets>, fr. <ets>chanter</ets> to sing.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>An endowment or foundation for the chanting of

masses and offering of prayers, commonly for the founder.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A chapel or altar so endowed.</def>



<au>Cowell.</au>



<hw>Cha"o*man`cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

the atmosphere + <ets>-mancy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divination by

means of apperances in the air.</def>



<hw>Cha"os</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>chaos</ets> chaos (in senses 1 & 2), Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ (root

<?/) to yawn, to gape, to open widely. Cf. <er>Chasm</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>An empty, immeasurable space; a yawning

chasm.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>Between us and there is fixed a great <qex>chaos</qex>.</q>

<qau>Luke xvi. 26 (Rhemish Trans. ).</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The confused, unorganized condition or mass of

matter before the creation of distinct and order forms.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Any confused or disordered collection or state

of things; a confused mixture; confusion; disorder.</def>



<hw>Cha*ot"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Resembling

chaos; confused.</def>



<hw>Cha*ot"ic*al*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

chaotic manner.</def>



<hw>Chap</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Chapped</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Chapping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Chop</er> to

cut.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cause to open in slits or chinks;

to split; to cause the skin of to crack or become rough.</def>



<q>Then would unbalanced heat licentious reign,

Crack the dry hill, and <qex>chap</qex> the russet plain.</q>

<qau>Blackmore.</qau>



<q>Nor winter's blast <qex>chap</qex> her fair face.</q>

<qau>Lyly.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To strike; to beat.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Chap</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To crack or open

in slits; <as>as, the earth <ex>chaps</ex>; the hands

<ex>chap</ex>.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To strike; to knock; to rap.</def>

<mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Chap</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From <er>Chap</er>, <ets>v. t.

& i.</ets>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A cleft, crack, or chink, as

in the surface of the earth, or in the skin.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A division; a breach, as in a party.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Many clefts and <qex>chaps</qex> in our council board.</q>

<qau>T. Fuller.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A blow; a rap.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Chap</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>chaft</ets>; of Scand. origin; cf. Icel <ets>kjaptr</ets>

jaw, Sw. <ets>K\'84ft</ets>, D. <ets>ki\'91ft</ets>; akin to G.

<ets>kiefer</ets>, and E. <ets>jowl</ets>. Cf.

<er>Chops</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One of the jaws or the

fleshy covering of a jaw; -- commonly in the plural, and used of

animals, and colloquially of human beings.</def>



<q>His <qex>chaps</qex> were all besmeared with crimson

blood.</q>

<qau>Cowley.</qau>



<q>He unseamed him [Macdonald] from the nave to the

<qex>chaps</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One of the jaws or cheeks of a vise, etc.</def>



<hw>Chap</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Perh. abbreviated

fr. <ets>chapman</ets>, but used in a more general sense; or cf.

Dan. <ets>ki\'91ft</ets> jaw, person, E. <ets>chap</ets>

jaw.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A buyer; a chapman.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>If you want to sell, here is your <qex>chap</qex>.</q>

<qau>Steele.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A man or boy; a youth; a fellow.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Chap</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Cheapen</er>.]</ety> <def>To bargain; to buy.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Cha`par*ral"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.,

fr. <ets>chaparro</ets> an evergeen oak.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A thicket of low evergreen oaks.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An almost impenetrable thicket or succession of

thickets of thorny shrubs and brambles.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Chaparral cock</col>; <xex>fem</xex>.

<col>Chaparral hen</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bird

of the cuckoo family (<spn>Geococcyx Californianus</spn>), noted

for running with great speed. It ranges from California to Mexico

and eastward to Texas; -- called also <altname>road

runner</altname>, <altname>ground cuckoo</altname>,

<altname>churea</altname>, and <altname>snake

killer</altname><--; <xex>it is the state bird of New Mexico

-->.</cd></cs>



<hw>Chap"book`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Chap</er> to cheapen.]</ety> <def>Any small book carried

about for sale by chapmen or hawkers.  Hence, any small book; a

toy book.</def>



<hw>Chape</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., a

churchman's cope, a cover, a chape, fr. L. <ets>cappa</ets>. See

<er>Cap</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The piece by which an

object is attached to something, as the frog of a scabbard or the

metal loop at the back of a buckle by which it is fastened to a

strap.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The transverse guard of a sword or dagger.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The metal plate or tip which protects the end of

a scabbard, belt, etc.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Cha`peau"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Chapeux</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[F., fr. OF.

<ets>chapel</ets> hat. See <er>Chaplet</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>hat or covering for the head.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A cap of maintenance. See

<er>Maintenance</er>.</def>



<cs><col>\'d8Chapeau bras</col> <pr>(<?/)</pr> <ety>[F.

<ets>chapeau<ets> hat + <ets>bras<ets> arm]</ety>, <cd>a hat so

made that it can be compressed and carried under the arm without

injury. Such hats were particularly worn on dress occasions by

gentlemen in the 18th century. A <xex>chapeau bras<xex> is now

worn in the United States army by general and staff

officers.</cd></cs>



<hw>Chaped</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. p. <or/ a.</pos>

<def>Furnished with a chape or chapes.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Chap"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>chapele</ets>, F. <ets>chapelle</ets>, fr. LL.

<ets>capella</ets>, orig., a short cloak, hood, or cowl; later, a

reliquary, sacred vessel, chapel; dim. of <ets>cappa</ets>,

<ets>capa</ets>, cloak, cape, cope; also, a covering for the

head. The chapel where St. Martin's cloak was preserved as a

precious relic, itself came to be called <ets>capella</ets>,

whence the name was applied to similar paces of worship, and the

guardian of this cloak was called <ets>capellanus</ets>, or

chaplain. See <er>Cap</er>, and cf. <er>Chaplain</er>.,

<er>Chaplet</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A subordinate place of

worship</def>; as, <sd>(a)</sd> <def>a small church, often a

private foundation, as for a memorial</def>; <sd>(b)</sd> <def>a

small building attached to a church</def>; <sd>(c)</sd> <def>a

room or recess in a church, containing an altar.</def>



<note><hand/ In Catholic churches, and also in cathedrals and

abbey churches, <xex>chapels</xex> are usually annexed in the

recesses on the sides of the aisles.</note>



<au>Gwilt.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A place of worship not connected with a church;

<as>as, the <ex>chapel</ex> of a palace, hospital, or

prison</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>In England, a place of worship used by

dissenters from the Established Church; a meetinghouse.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A choir of singers, or an orchastra, attached to

the court of a prince or nobleman.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A printing

office, said to be so called because printing was first carried

on in England in a chapel near Westminster Abbey.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>An association of workmen in a printing

office.</def>



<cs><col>Chapel of ease</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A chapel or

dependent church built for the ease or a accommodation of an

increasing parish, or for parishioners who live at a distance

from the principal church.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A privy.</cd>

<fld>(Law)</fld> -- <col>Chapel master</col></mcol>, <cd>a

director of music in a chapel; the director of a court or

orchestra.</cd> -- <col>To build a chapel</col>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to chapel a ship. See <er>Chapel</er>,

<pos>v. t.</pos>, 2.</cd> -- <col>To hold a chapel</col>, <cd>to

have a meeting of the men employed in a printing office, for the

purpose of considering questions affecting their

interests.</cd></cs>



<hw>Chap"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To deposit or inter in a chapel; to enshrine.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To cause (a ship taken aback

in a light breeze) so to turn or make a circuit as to recover,

without bracing the yards, the same tack on which she had been

sailing.</def>



<hw>Chape"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without a

chape.</def>



<hw>Chap"e*let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See

<er>Chaplet</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A pair of Straps, with

stirrups, joined at the top and fastened to the pommel or the

frame of the saddle, after they have been adjusted to the

convenience of the rider.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>chaplet</asp>.]</altsp>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A kind of chain pump, or dredging machine.</def>



<hw>Chap"el*la*ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Chapellanies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[Cf. E.

<ets>chapellenie</ets>, LL. <ets>capellania</ets>. See

Chaplain.]</ety> <def>A chapel within the jurisdiction of a

church; a subordinate ecclesiastical foundation.</def>



<hw>Chap"el*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>chapelerie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The territorial disrict

legally assigned to a chapel.</def>



<hw>Chap"er*on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>chaperon</ets>. See <er>Chape</er>, <er>Cape</er>,

<er>Cap</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A hood; especially, an

ornamental or an official hood.</def>



<q>His head and face covered with a <qex>chaperon</qex>, out of

which there are but two holes to look through.</q>

<qau>Howell.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A divice placed on the foreheads of horses which

draw the hearse in pompous funerals.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A matron who accompanies a young lady in public,

for propriety, or as a guide and protector.</def>



<hw>Chap"er*on</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Chaperoned</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Chaperoning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>chaperonner</ets>, fr. <ets>chaperon</ets>.]</ety> <def>To

attend in public places as a guide and protector; to

matronize.</def>



<q>Fortunately Lady Bell Finley, whom I had promised to

<qex>chaperon</qex>, sent to excuse herself.</q>

<qau>Hannah More.</qau>



<hw>Chap"er*on`age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Attendance of a chaperon on a lady in public; protection

afforded by a chaperon.</def>



<hw>Chap"fall`en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having the

lower chap or jaw drooping, -- an indication of humiliation and

dejection; crestfallen; discouraged. See

<er>Chopfallen</er>.</def>



<hw>Chap"i*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>chapitel</ets>, F. <ets>chapiteau</ets>, from L.

<ets>capitellum</ets>, dim. of <ets>caput</ets> head. Cf.

<er>Capital</er>, <er>Chapter</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A capital <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See

<er>Chapital</er>.</def>



<au>Ex. xxxvi. 38.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Old Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A summary in writing

of such matters as are to be inquired of or presented before

justices in eyre, or justices of assize, or of the peace, in

their sessions; -- also called <altname>articles</altname>.</def>



<au>Jacob.</au>



<hw>Chap"lain</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>chapelain</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>capellanus</ets>, fr.

<ets>capella</ets>. See <er>Chapel</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>An ecclesiastic who has a chapel, or who performs religious

service in a chapel.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A clergyman who is officially atteched to the

army or navy, to some public institution, or to a family or

court, for the purpose of performing divine service.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Any person (clergyman or layman) chosen to

conduct religious exercises for a society, etc.; <as>as, a

<ex>chaplain</ex> of a Masonic or a temperance lodge</as>.</def>



<hw>Chap"lain*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<er>Chaplaincies</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>The office,

position, or station of a chaplain.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>Chap"lain*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

office or business of a chaplain.</def>



<q>The Bethesda of some knight's <qex>chaplainship</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The possession or revenue of a chapel.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Chap"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no

lower jaw; hence, fleshless.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdYellow,

<xex>chapless</xex> skulls.\'b8 <au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Chap"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>chapelet</ets>, dim. of OF. <ets>chapel</ets> hat, garland,

dim. fr. LL. <ets>cappa</ets>. See <er>Cap</er>, and cf.

<er>Chapelet</er>, <er>Chapeau</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

garland or wreath to be worn on the head.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A string of beads, or part of a string, used by

Roman Catholic in praying; a third of a rosary, or fifty

beads.</def>



<q>Her <qex>chaplet</qex> of beads and her missal.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A small molding, carved into

beads, pearls, olives, etc.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Man.)</fld> <def>A chapelet. See

<er>Chapelet</er>, 1.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <def>A bent piece of sheet

iron, or a pin with thin plates on its ends, for holding a core

in place in the mold.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A tuft of feathers on a peacock's head.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Chap"let</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A small chapel or

shrine.</def>



<hw>Chap"let</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Chapleted</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To adorn with a

chaplet or with flowers.</def>



<au>R. Browning.</au>



<hw>Chap"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Chapmen</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[AS.

<ets>ce\'a0pman</ets>; <ets>ce\'a0p</ets> trade + <ets>man</ets>

man; akin to D. <ets>koopman</ets>, Sw. <ets>k\'94pman</ets>,

Dan. <ets>ki\'94pmand</ets>, G. <ets>kaufmann</ets>.f.

<er>Chap</er> to cheapen, and see <er>Cheap</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>One who buys and sells; a merchant; a buyer or a

seller.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The word of life is a quick commodity, and ought not, as a

drug to be obtruded on those <qex>chapmen</qex> who are unwilling

to buy it.</q>

<qau>T. Fuller.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A peddler; a hawker.</def>



<hw>Chap"py</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def>Full of chaps; cleft; gaping;

open.</def>



<hw>Chaps</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>The jaws, or

the fleshy parts about them. See <er>Chap</er>.</def> \'bdOpen

your <xex>chaps</xex> again.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Chap"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>chapitre</ets>, F. <ets>chapitre</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>capitulum</ets>, dim. of <ets>caput</ets> head, the chief

person or thing, the principal division of a writing, chapter.

See <er>Chief</er>, and cf, <er>Chapiter</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A division of a book or treatise; <as>as, Genesis has fifty

<ex>chapters</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An assembly of

monks, or of the prebends and other clergymen connected with a

cathedral, conventual, or collegiate church, or of a diocese,

usually presided over by the dean.</def><sd>(b)</sd> <def>A

community of canons or canonesses.</def><sd>(c)</sd> <def>A

bishop's council.</def><sd>(d)</sd> <def>A business meeting of

any religious community.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An organized branch of some society or

fraternity as of the Freemasons.</def>



<au>Robertson.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A meeting of certain organized societies or

orders.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A chapter house.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Burrill.</au>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A decretal epistle.</def>



<au>Ayliffe.</au>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>A location or compartment.</def>



<q>In his bosom! In what <qex>chapter</qex> of his bosom?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><mcol><col>Chapter head</col>, <or/ <col>Chapter

heading</col></mcol>, <cd>that which stands at the head of a

chapter, as a title.</cd> -- <col>Chapter house</col>, <cd>a

house or room where a chapter meets, esp. a cathedral

chapter.</cd> -- <col>The chapter of accidents</col>,

<cd>chance.</cd> <au>Marryat</au>.</cs>



<hw>Chap"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To divide into chapters, as a book.</def>



<au>Fuller.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To correct; to bring to book, <it>i. e.</it>, to

demand chapter and verse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Chap"trel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Chapiter</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An

impost.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>Char</hw>, <hw>Charr</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw>

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ir. <ets>cear</ets>, Gael. <ets>ceara</ets>,

lit., red, blood-colored, fr. <ets>cear</ets> blood. So named

from its red belly.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the

several species of fishes of the genus <spn>Salvelinus</spn>,

allied to the spotted trout and salmon, inhabiting deep lakes in

mountainous regions in Europe. In the United States, the brook

trout (<spn>Salvelinus fontinalis</spn>) is sometimes called a

<ex>char</ex>.</def>



<hw>Char</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A car; a

chariot.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Char</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>cherr</ets>, <ets>char</ets> a turning, time, work, AS.

<ets>cerr</ets>, <ets>cyrr</ets>, turn, occasion, business, fr.

<ets>cerran</ets>, <ets>cyrran</ets>, to turn; akin to OS.

<ets>k\'89rian</ets>, OHG. <ets>ch\'89ran</ets>, G.

<ets>kehren</ets>. Cf. <er>Chore</er>, <er>Ajar</er>.]</ety>

<def>Work done by the day; a single job, or task; a chore.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>chare</asp>.]</altsp>

<mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<q>When thou hast done this <qex>chare</qex>, I give thee leave

To play till doomsday.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Char</hw>, <hw>Chare</hw>, }</mhw> <pos>v. t.</pos>

<ety>[See 3d <er>Char</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To perform;

to do; to finish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Nores.</au>



<q>Thet char is <qex>chared</qex>, as the good wife said when she

had hanged her husband.</q>

<qau>Old Proverb.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To work or hew, as stone.</def>



<au>Oxf. Gloss.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Char</hw>, <hw>Chare</hw>, }</mhw> <pos>v. i.</pos>

<def>To work by the day, without being a regularly hired servant;

to do small jobs.</def>



<hw>Char</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Charred</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Charring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Prob. the same word as

<ets>char</ets> to perform (see <er>Char</er>, <pos>n.</pos>),

the modern use coming from <ets>charcoal</ets>, prop.

<ets>coal-turned</ets>, turned to coal.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To reduce to coal or carbon by exposure to heat; to reduce

to charcoal; to burn to a cinder.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To burn slightly or partially; <as>as, to

<ex>char</ex> wood</as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cha"ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., of

uncertain origin.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of

flowerless plants, having articulated stems and whorled branches.

They flourish in wet places.</def>



<hw>\'d8Char`-a-bancs"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Chars-a-banc</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<def>A long, light, open vehicle, with benches or seats running

lengthwise.</def>



<hw>Char"act</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A distinctive

mark; a character; a letter or sign. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See

<er>Character</er>.</def>



<q>In all his dressings, <qex>characts</qex>, titles, forms.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Char"ac*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., an

instrument for marking, character, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to make

sharp, to cut into furrows, to engrave: cf. F.

<ets>caract\'8are</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A distinctive mark; a letter, figure, or

symbol.</def>



<q>It were much to be wished that there were throughout the world

but one sort of <qex>character</qex> for each letter to express

it to the eye.</q>

<qau>Holder.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Style of writing or printing; handwriting; the

peculiar form of letters used by a particular person or people;

<as>as, an inscription in the Runic

<ex>character</ex></as>.</def>



<q>You know the <qex>character</qex> to be your brother's?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The peculiar quality, or the sum of qualities,

by which a person or a thing is distinguished from others; the

stamp impressed by nature, education, or habit; that which a

person or thing really is; nature; disposition.</def>



<q>The <qex>character</qex> or that dominion.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>Know well each Ancient's proper <qex>character</qex>;

His fable, subject, scope in every page;

Religion, Country, genius of his Age.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<q>A man of . . . thoroughly subservient

<qex>character</qex>.</q>

<qau>Motley.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Strength of mind; resolution; independence;

individuality; <as>as, he has a great deal of

<ex>character</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Moral quality; the principles and motives that

control the life; <as>as, a man of <ex>character</ex>; his

<ex>character</ex> saves him from suspicion.</as></def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Quality, position, rank, or capacity; quality or

conduct with respect to a certain office or duty; <as>as, in the

miserable <ex>character</ex> of a slave; in his

<ex>character</ex> as a magistrate; her <ex>character</ex> as a

daughter.</as></def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>The estimate, individual or general, put upon a

person or thing; reputation; <as>as, a man's <ex>character</ex>

for truth and veracity; to give one a bad

<ex>character</ex>.</as></def>



<q>This subterraneous passage is much mended since Seneca gave so

bad a <qex>character</qex> of it.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>A written statement as to behavior, competency,

etc., given to a servant.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>A unique or extraordinary individuality; a

person characterized by peculiar or notable traits; a person who

illustrates certain phases of character; <as>as, Randolph was a

<ex>character</ex>; C\'91sar is a great historical

<ex>character</ex>.</as></def>



<sn>10.</sn> <def>One of the persons of a drama or novel.</def>



<note><hand/ \'bdIt would be well if <xex>character</xex> and

<xex>reputation</xex> were used distinctively. In truth,

character is what a person is; reputation is what he is supposed

to be. Character is in himself, reputation is in the minds of

others. Character is injured by temptations, and by wrongdoing;

reputation by slanders, and libels. Character endures throughout

defamation in every form, but perishes when there is a voluntary

transgression; reputation may last through numerous

transgressions, but be destroyed by a single, and even an

unfounded, accusation or aspersion.\'b8



<au>Abbott.</au>

</note>



<hw>Char"ac*ter</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & 

p. p.</pos> <er>Charactered</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To engrave; to inscribe.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>These trees shall be my books.

And in their barks my thoughts I 'll <qex>character</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To distinguish by particular marks or traits; to

describe; to characterize.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Mitford.</au>



<-- p. 241 -->



<hw>Char"ac*ter*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ a characterizing.]</ety> <def>A distinction of character; a

characteristic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<hw>Char`ac*ter*is"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/: cf. F. <ets>charact\'82ristique</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Pertaining to, or serving to constitute, the character;

showing the character, or distinctive qualities or traits, of a

person or thing; peculiar; distinctive.</def>



<q><qex>Characteristic</qex> clearness of temper.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Char`ac*ter*is"tic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

distinguishing trait, quality, or property; an element of

character; that which characterized.</def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<q>The <qex>characteristics</qex> of a true critic.</q>

<qau>Johnson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The integral part (whether

positive or negative) of a logarithm.</def>



<hw>Char`ac*ter*is"tic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Characteristic.</def>



<hw>Char`ac*ter*is"tic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

characteristic manner; in a way that characterizes.</def>



<hw>Char`ac*ter*i*za"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>The act or process of characterizing.</def>



<hw>Char"ac*ter*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Characterized</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Characterizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL.

<ets>characterizare</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F.

<ets>charact\'82riser</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make

distinct and recognizable by peculiar marks or traits; to make

with distinctive features.</def>



<q>European, Asiatic, Chinese, African, and Grecian faces are

<qex>Characterized</qex>.</q>

<qau>Arbuthot.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To engrave or imprint.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir M. Hale.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To indicate the character of; to describe.</def>



<q>Under the name of Tamerlane he intended to

<qex>characterize</qex> King William.</q>

<qau>Johnson.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To be a characteristic of; to make, or express

the character of.</def>



<q>The softness and effeminacy which <qex>characterize</qex> the

men of rank in most countries.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To describe; distinguish; mark; designate; style;

particularize; entitle.</syn>



<hw>Char"ac*ter*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of any

distinguishing quality; without character or force.</def>



<hw>Char"ac*ter*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The art or means of characterizing; a system of signs or

characters; symbolism; distinctive mark.</def>



<q>Fairies use flowers for their <qex>charactery</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is charactered; the meaning.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>I will construe to thee

All the <qex>charactery</qex> of my sad brows.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Cha*rade"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>charade</ets>, cf. Pr. <ets>charrada</ets> long chat, It

<ets>ciarlare</ets> to chat, whence E.

<ets>charlatan</ets>.]</ety> <def>A verbal or acted enigma based

upon a word which has two or more significant syllables or parts,

each of which, as well as the word itself, is to be guessed from

the descriptions or representations.</def>



<hw>Char"bo*cle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Carbuncle.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>Charboncle</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Char"bon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., coal,

charbon.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A small black

spot or mark remaining in the cavity of the corner tooth of a

horse after the large spot or mark has become obliterated.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A very contagious and fatal disease of sheep,

horses, and cattle. See <er>Maligmant pustule</er>.</def>



<hw>Char"coal`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Char</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, to burn or to reduce to coal,

and <er>Coal</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Impure carbon prepared

from vegetable or animal substances; esp., coal made by charring

wood in a kiln, retort, etc., from which air is excluded. It is

used for fuel and in various mechanical, artistic, and chemical

processes.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>Finely prepared charcoal

in small sticks, used as a drawing implement.</def>



<cs><col>Animal charcoal</col>, <cd>a fine charcoal prepared by

calcining bones in a closed vessel; -- used as a filtering agent

in sugar refining, and as an absorbent and disinfectant.</cd> --

<col>Charcoal blacks</col>, <cd>the black pigment, consisting of

burnt ivory, bone, cock, peach stones, and other substances.</cd>

-- <col>Charcoal drawing</col> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld>, <cd>a

drawing made with charcoal. See <er>Charcoal</er>, 2. Until

within a few years this material has been used almost exclusively

for preliminary outline, etc., but at present many finished

drawings are made with it.</cd> -- <col>Charcoal point</col>,

<cd>a carbon pencil prepared for use un an electric light

apparatus.</cd> -- <col>Mineral charcoal</col>, <cd>a term

applied to silky fibrous layers of charcoal, interlaminated in

beds of ordinary bituminous coal; -- known to miners as

<xex>mother of coal<xex>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Chard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>carde</ets> esclent thistle.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The tender leaves or leafstalks of the

artichoke, white beet, etc., blanched for table use.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A variety of the white beet, which produces

large, succulent leaves and leafstalks.</def>



<hw>Chare</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A narrow

street.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Chare</hw>, <pos>n. & v.</pos> <def>A chore; to chore; to do.

See <er>Char</er>.</def>



<hw>Charge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Charged</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Charging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>chargier</ets>, F.

<ets>charger</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>carricare</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>carrus</ets> wagon. Cf. <er>Cargo</er>, <er>Caricature</er>,

<er>Cark</er>, and see <er>Car</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

lay on or impose, as a load, tax, or burden; to load; to

fill.</def>



<q>A carte that <qex>charged</qex> was with hay.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<q>The <qex>charging</qex> of children's memories with rules.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To lay on or impose, as a task, duty, or trust;

to command, instruct, or exhort with authority; to enjoin; to

urge earnestly; <as>as, to <ex>charge</ex> a jury; to

<ex>charge</ex> the clergy of a diocese; to <ex>charge</ex> an

agent.</as></def>



<q>Moses . . . <qex>charged</qex> you to love the Lord your

God.</q>

<qau>Josh. xxii. 5.</qau>



<q>Cromwell, I <qex>charge</qex> thee, fing away ambition.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To lay on, impose, or make subject to or liable

for.</def>



<q>When land shal be <qex>charged</qex> by any lien.</q>

<qau>Kent.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To fix or demand as a prince; <as>as, he

<ex>charges</ex> two dollars a barrelk for apples</as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To place something to the account of as a debt;

to debit, as to <xex>charge</xex> one with goods. Also, to enter

upon the debit side of an account; <as>as, to <ex>charge</ex> a

sum to one</as>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To impute or ascribe; to lay to one's

charge.</def>



<q>No more accuse thy pen, but <qex>charge</qex> the crime

On native loth and negligence of time.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>To accuse; to make a charge or assertion against

<sd>(a)</sd> person or thing); to lay the responsibility (for

something said or done) at the door of.</def>



<q>If the did that wrong you <qex>charge</qex> with.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>To place within or upon any firearm, piece of

apparatus or machinery, the quantity it is intended and fitted to

hold or bear; to load; to fill; <as>as, to <ex>charge</ex> a gun;

to <ex>charge</ex> an electrical machine, etc.</as></def>



<q>Their battering cannon <qex>charged</qex> to the mouths.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>To ornament with or cause to bear; <as>as, to

<ex>charge</ex> an architectural member with a

molding</as>.</def>



<sn>10.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>To assume as a bearing;

<as>as, he <ex>charges</ex> three roses or</as>; to add to or

represent on; <as>as, he <ex>charges</ex> his shield with three

roses or</as>.</def>



<sn>11.</sn> <def>To call to account; to challenge.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>To <qex>charge</qex> me to an answer.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>12.</sn> <def>To bear down upon; to rush upon; to

attack.</def>



<q><qex>Charged</qex> our main battle's front.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To intrust; command; exhort; instruct; accuse;

impeach; arraign. See <er>Accuse</er>.</syn>



<hw>Charge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To make an onset or rush; <as>as, to <ex>charge</ex> with

fixed bayonets</as>.</def>



<q>Like your heroes of antiquity, he <qex>charges</qex> in

iron.</q>

<qau>Glanvill.</qau>



<q>\'bd<qex>Charge</qex> for the guns!\'b8 he said.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To demand a price; <as>as, to <ex>charge</ex>

high for goods</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To debit on an account; <as>as, to

<ex>charge</ex> for purchases</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To squat on its belly and be still; -- a command

given by a sportsman to a dog.</def>



<hw>Charge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>charge</ets>, fr. <ets>charger</ets> to load. See

<er>Charge</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, and cf. <er>Cargo</er>,

<er>Caricature</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A load or burder

laid upon a person or thing.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A person or thing commited or intrusted to the

care, custody, or management of another; a trust.</def>



<note><hand/ The people of a parish or church are called the

<xex>charge</xex> of the clergyman who is set over them.</note>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Custody or care of any person, thing, or place;

office; responsibility; oversight; obigation; duty.</def>



<q>'Tis a great <qex>charge</qex> to come under one body's

hand.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Heed; care; anxiety; trouble.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Harm.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>An order; a mandate or command; an

injunction.</def>



<q>The king gave <qex>cherge</qex> concerning Absalom.</q>

<qau>2. Sam. xviii. 5.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>An address (esp. an earnest or impressive

address) containing instruction or exhortation; <as>as, the

<ex>charge</ex> of a judge to a jury; the <ex>charge</ex> of a

bishop to his clergy.</as></def>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>An accusation of a wrong of offense; allegation;

indictment; specification of something alleged.</def>



<q>The <qex>charge</qex> of confounding very different classes of

phenomena.</q>

<qau>Whewell.</qau>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>Whatever constitutes a burden on property, as

rents, taxes, lines, etc.; costs; expense incurred; -- usually in

the plural.</def>



<sn>10.</sn> <def>The price demanded for a thing or

service.</def>



<sn>11.</sn> <def>An entry or a account of that which is due from

one party to another; that which is debited in a business

transaction; <as>as, a <ex>charge</ex> in an account

book</as>.</def>



<sn>12.</sn> <def>That quantity, as of ammunition, electricity,

ore, fuel, etc., which any apparatus, as a gun, battery, furnace,

machine, etc., is intended to receive and fitted to hold, or

which is actually in it at one time</def>



<sn>13.</sn> <def>The act of rushing upon, or towards, an enemy;

a sudden onset or attack, as of troops, esp. cavalry; hence, the

signal for attack; <as>as, to sound the

<ex>charge</ex></as>.</def>



<q>Never, in any other war afore, gave the Romans a hotter

<qex>charge</qex> upon the enemies.</q>

<qau>Holland.</qau>



<q>The <qex>charge</qex> of the light brigade.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>14.</sn> <def>A position (of a weapon) fitted for attack;

<as>as, to bring a weapon to the <ex>charge</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>15.</sn> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A soft of plaster or

ointment.</def>



<sn>16.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A bearing. See

<er>Bearing</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 8.</def>



<sn>17.</sn> <ety>[Cf. <er>Charre</er>.]</ety> <def>Thirty-six

pigs of lead, each pig weighing about seventy pounds; -- called

also <altname>charre</altname>.</def>



<sn>18.</sn> <def>Weight; import; value.</def>



<q>Many suchlike \'bdas's\'b8 of great <qex>charge</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>Back charge</col>. <cd>See under <er>Back</er>,

<pos>a.</pos></cd> -- <col>Bursting charge</col>. <sd>(a

</sd><fld>(Mil.)</fld> <cd>The charge which bursts a shell,

etc.</cd> <sd>(b </sd><fld>(Mining)</fld> <cd>A small quantity of

fine powder to secure the ignition of a charge of coarse powder

in blasting.</cd> -- <col>Charge and discharge</col> <fld>(Equity

Practice)</fld>, <cd>the old mode or form of taking an account

before a master in chancery.</cd> -- <col>Charge sheet</col>,

<cd>the paper on which are entered at a police station all

arrests and accusations.</cd> -- <col>To sound the charge</col>,

<cd>to give the signal for an attack.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Care; custody; trust; management; office; expense;

cost; price; assault; attack; onset; injunction; command; order;

mandate; instruction; accusation; indictment.</syn>



<hw>Charge"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>That may be charged, laid, imposed, or imputes; <as>as, a

duty <ex>chargeable</ex> on iron; a fault <ex>chargeable</ex> on

a man.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Subject to be charge or accused; liable or

responsible; <as>as, revenues <ex>chargeable</ex> with a claim; a

man <ex>chargeable</ex> with murder.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Serving to create expense; costly;

burdensome.</def>



<q>That we might not be <qex>chargeable</qex> to any of you.</q>

<qau>2. Thess. iii. 8.</qau>



<q>For the sculptures, which are elegant, were very

<qex>chargeable</qex>.</q>

<qau>Evelyn.</qau>



<hw>Charge"a*ble*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of

being chargeable or expensive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Whitelocke.</au>



<hw>Charge"a*bly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>At great

cost; expensively.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Char"geant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>chargeant</ets>, fr. <ets>charger</ets> to load.]</ety>

<def>Burdensome; troublesome.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>\'d8Char`g\'82" d'af`faires"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Charg\'82s d'affaires</plw>.</plu>

<ety>[F., \'bdcharged with affairs.\'b8]</ety> <def>A diplomatic

representative, or minister of an inferior grade, accredited by

the government of one state to the minister of foreign affairs of

another; also, a substitute, <xex>ad interim</xex>, for an

ambassador or minister plenipotentiary.</def>



<hw>Charge"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Costly;

expensive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The fineness of the gold and <qex>chargeful</qex> fashion.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Charge"house`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

schoolhouse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Charge"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Free from, or with

little, charge.</def>



<hw>Char"geous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Burdensome.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>I was <qex>chargeous</qex> to no man.</q>

<qau>Wyclif, (2 Cor. xi. 9).</qau>



<hw>Char"ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who, or that which charges.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An instrument for measuring or inserting a

charge.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A large dish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Give me here John Baptist's head in a <qex>charger</qex>.</q>

<qau>Matt. xiv. 8.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A horse for battle or parade.</def>



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<q>And furious every <qex>charger</qex> neighed.</q>

<qau>Campbell.</qau>



<hw>Char*ge"ship</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The office

of a <xex>charg\'82 d'affaires</xex>.</def>



<hw>Char"i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a chary

manner; carefully; cautiously; frugally.</def>



<hw>Char"i*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

chary.</def>



<hw>Char"i*ot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>Chariot</ets>, from <ets>char</ets> car. See

<er>Car</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <def>A

two-wheeled car or vehicle for war, racing, state processions,

etc.</def>



<q>First moved the <qex>chariots</qex>, after whom the foot.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A four-wheeled pleasure or state carriage,

having one seat.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Char"i*ot</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Charioted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Charioting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To convey in a

chariot.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Char`i*ot*ee"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A light,

covered, four-wheeled pleasure carriage with two seats.</def>



<hw>Char`i*ot*eer"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>One who drives a chariot.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A constellation. See

<er>Auriga</er>, and <er>Wagones</er>.</def>



<hw>Cha"rism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Gr</ets>. <ets><?/ gift</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A miraculously given power, as of

healing, speaking foreign languages without instruction, etc.,

attributed to some of the early Christians.</def>



<hw>Char`is*mat"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to a charism.</def>



<hw>Char"i*ta*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos><ety>[F. See

<er>Charity</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Full of love and good will; benevolent;

kind.</def>



<q>Be thy intents wicked or <qex>charitable</qex>, . . . 

 . . . I will speak to thee.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Liberal in judging of others; disposed to look

on the best side, and to avoid harsh judgment.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Liberal in benefactions to the poor; giving

freely; generous; beneficent.</def>



<q>What <qex>charitable</qex> men afford to beggars.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to charity; springing from, or

intended for, charity; relating to almsgiving; elemosynary;

<as>as, a <ex>charitable</ex> institution</as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Dictated by kindness; favorable; lenient.</def>



<q>By a <qex>charitable</qex> construction it may be a

sermon.</q>

<qau>L. Andrews.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Kind; beneficent; benevolent; generous; lenient;

forgiving; helpful; liberal; favorable; indulgent.</syn>



<hw>Char"i*ta*ble*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of

being charitable; the exercise of charity.</def>



<hw>Char"i*ta*bly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a charitable

manner.</def>



<hw>Char"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Charities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[F.

<ets>charit\'82</ets> fr. L. <ets>caritas</ets> dearness, high

regard, love, from <ets>carus</ets> dear, costly, loved; asin to

Skr. <ets>kam</ets> to wish, love, cf. Ir. <ets>cara</ets> a

friend, W. <ets>caru</ets> to love. Cf. <er>Caress</er>.]</ety> 



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Love; universal benevolence; good will.</def>

<def>

<q>Now abideth faith, hope, <qex>charity</qex>, three; but the

greatest of these is <qex>charity</qex>.</q>

<qau>1. Cor. xiii. 13.</qau>



<q>They, at least, are little to be envied, in whose hearts the

great <qex>charities</qex> . . . lie dead.</q>

<qau>Ruskin.</qau>



<q>With malice towards none, with <qex>charity</qex> for all.</q>

<qau>Lincoln.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Liberality in judging of men and their actions;

a disposition which inclines men to put the best construction on

the words and actions of others.</def>



<q>The highest exercise of <qex>charity</qex> is

<qex>charity</qex> towards the uncharitable.</q>

<qau>Buckminster.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Liberality to the poor and the suffering, to

benevolent institutions, or to worthy causes; generosity.</def>



<q>The heathen poet, in commending the <qex>charity</qex> of Dido

to the Trojans, spake like a Christian.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Whatever is bestowed gratuitously on the needy

or suffering for their relief; alms; any act of kindness.</def>



<q>She did ill then to refuse her a <qex>charity</qex>.</q>

<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A charitable institution, or a gift to create

and support such an institution; <as>as, Lady Margaret's

<ex>charity</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Eleemosynary

appointments [grants or devises] including relief of the poor or

friendless, education, religious culture, and public

institutions.</def>



<q>The <qex>charities</qex> that soothe, and heal, and bless,

Are scattered at the feet of man like flowers.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<cs><col>Sisters of Charity</col> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>, <cd>a

sisterhood of religious women engaged in works of mercy, esp. in

nursing the sick; -- a popular designation. There are various

orders of the Sisters of Charity.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Love; benevolence; good will; affection; tenderness;

beneficence; liberality; almsgiving.</syn>



<hw>\'d8Cha*ri`va*ri"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A mock serenade of discordant noises, made

with kettles, tin horns, etc., designed to annoy and

insult.</def>



<note><hand/ It was at first performed before the house of any

person of advanced age who married a second time.</note>



<hw>Chark</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Abbrev. fr.

<ets>charcoal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Charcoal; a cinder.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>DeFoe.</au>



<hw>Chark</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Charked</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To burn

to a coal; to char.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Char"la*tan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>charlatan</ets>, fr. It. <ets>ciarlatano</ets>, fr.

<ets>ciarlare</ets> to chartter, prate; of imitative origin; cf.

It. <ets>zirlare</ets> to whistle like a thrush.]</ety> <def>One

who prates much in his own favor, and makes unwarrantable

pretensions; a quack; an impostor; an empiric; a

mountebank.</def>



<-- p. 242 -->



<-- p. 242 -->



<mhw>{ <hw>Char`la*tan"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Char`la*tan"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Of or like a charlatan; making undue pretension; empirical;

pretentious; quackish.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Char`la*tan"ic*al*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Char"la*tan*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>charlatanisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Charlatanry.</def>



<hw>Char"la*tan*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>charlatanrie</ets>, from It. <ets>ciarlataneria</ets>. See

<er>Charlatan</er>.]</ety> <def>Undue pretensions to skill;

quackery; wheedling; empiricism.</def>



<hw>Charles's Wain</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[<ets>Charles</ets> +

<ets>wain</ets>; cf. AS. <ets>Carles w<?/n</ets> (for

<ets>w\'91gn</ets>), Sw. <ets>karlvagnen</ets>, Dan.

<ets>karlsvogn</ets>. See <er>Churl</er>, and

<er>Wain</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The group of

seven stars, commonly called the <xex>Dipper</xex>, in the

constellation <xex>Ursa Major</xex>, or <xex>Great Bear</xex>.

See <er>Ursa major</er>, under <er>Ursa</er>.</def>



<note><hand/ The name is sometimes also applied to the

Constellation.</note>



<hw>Char"lock</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>cerlic</ets>; the latter part perh. fr. AS.

<ets>le\'a0c</ets> leek. Cf. <er>Hemlock</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A cruciferous plant (<spn>Brassica

sinapistrum</spn>) with yellow flowers; wild mustard. It is

troublesome in grain fields. Called also

<altname>chardock</altname>, <altname>chardlock</altname>,

<altname>chedlock</altname>, and

<altname>kedlock</altname>.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Jointed charlock</col>, <col>White

charlock</col></mcol>, <cd>a troublesome weed (<spn>Raphanus

Raphanistrum</spn>) with straw-colored, whitish, or purplish

flowers, and jointed pods: wild radish.</cd></cs>



<hw>Char"lotte</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<def>A kind of pie or pudding made by lining a dish with slices

of bread, and filling it with bread soaked in milk, and

baked.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Charlotte Russe</col> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <it>or</it>

<col>\'d8Charlotte \'85 la russe</col></mcol> <ety>[F., lit.,

Russian charlotte]</ety> <fld>(Cookery)</fld>, <cd>a dish

composed of custard or whipped cream, inclosed in sponge

cake.</cd></cs>



<hw>Charm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>charme</ets>, fr. L. <ets>carmen</ets> song, verse,

incantation, for <ets>casmen</ets>, akin to Skr.

<ets>\'87asman</ets>, <ets>\'87as\'be</ets>, a laudatory song,

from a root signifying <ets>to praise</ets>, <ets>to

sing</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A melody; a song.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>With <qex>charm</qex> of earliest birds.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>Free liberty to chant our <qex>charms</qex> at will.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A word or combination of words sung or spoken in

the practice of magic; a magical combination of words,

characters, etc.; an incantation.</def>



<q>My high <qex>charms</qex> work.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which exerts an irresistible power to

please and attract; that which fascinates; any alluring

quality.</def>



<q><qex>Charms</qex> strike the sight, but merit wins the

soul.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<q>The <qex>charm</qex> of beauty's powerful glance.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Anything worn for its supposed efficacy to the

wearer in averting ill or securing good fortune.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Any small decorative object worn on the person,

as a seal, a key, a silver whistle, or the like. Bunches of

<xex>charms</xex> are often worn at the watch chain.</def>



<syn>Syn. - Spell; incantation; conjuration; enchantment;

fascination; attraction.</syn>



<hw>Charm</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Charmed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Charming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>charmer</ets>. See <er>Charm</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To make music upon; to tune.</def> <mark>[Obs. &

R.]</mark>



<q>Here we our slender pipes may safely <qex>charm</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To subdue, control, or summon by incantation or

supernatural influence; to affect by magic.</def>



<q>No witchcraft <qex>charm</qex> thee!</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To subdue or overcome by some secret power, or

by that which gives pleasure; to allay; to soothe.</def>



<q>Music the fiercest grief can <qex>charm</qex>.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To attract irresistibly; to delight exceedingly;

to enchant; to fascinate.</def>



<q>They, on their mirth and dance

Intent, with jocund music <qex>charm</qex> his ear.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To protect with, or make invulnerable by,

spells, charms, or supernatural influences; <as>as, a

<ex>charmed</ex> life</as>.</def>



<q>I, in my own woe <qex>charmed</qex>,

Could not find death.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. - To fascinate; enchant; enrapture; captivate; bewitch;

allure; subdue; delight; entice; transport.</syn>



<hw>Charm</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To use magic

arts or occult power; to make use of charms.</def>



<q>The voice of charmers, <qex>charming</qex> never so

wisely.</q>

<qau>Ps. lviii. 5.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To act as, or produce the effect of, a charm; to

please greatly; to be fascinating.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To make a musical sound.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>\'d8Char"mel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Heb.]</ety> <def>A fruitful field.</def>



<q>Libanus shall be turned into <qex>charmel</qex>, and

<qex>charmel</qex> shall be esteemed as a forest.</q>

<qau>Isa. xxix. 17 (Douay version).</qau>



<hw>Charm"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who charms, or has power to charm; one who uses the

power of enchantment; a magician.</def>



<au>Deut. xviii. 11.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who delights and attracts the

affections.</def>



<hw>Charm"er*ess</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

enchantress.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Charm"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Abounding

with charms.</def> \'bdHis <xex>charmful</xex> lyre.\'b8



<au>Cowley.</au>



<hw>Charm"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pleasing the mind or

senses in a high degree; delighting; fascinating;

attractive.</def>



<q>How <qex>charming</qex> is divine philosophy.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<syn>Syn. - Enchanting; bewitching; captivating; enrapturing;

alluring; fascinating; delightful; pleasurable; graceful; lovely;

amiable; pleasing; winning.</syn>



 -- <wordforms><wf>Charm"ing*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Charm"ing*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Charm"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of

charms.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Char"ne*co</hw>, <hw>Char"ni*co</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>

}</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A sort of sweet wine.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Char"nel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>charnel</ets> carnal, fleshly, fr. L. <ets>carnalis</ets>.

See <er>Carnal</er>.]</ety> <def>Containing the bodies of the

dead.</def> \'bd<xex>Charnel</xex> vaults.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<cs><col>Charnel house</col>, <cd>a tomb, vault, cemetery, or

other place where the bones of the dead are deposited;

originally, a place for the bones thrown up when digging new

graves in old burial grounds.</cd></cs>



<hw>Char"nel</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A charnel house; a grave; a

cemetery.</def>



<q>In their proud <qex>charnel</qex> of Thermopyl\'91.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<hw>Cha"ron</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr. Gr.

<?/.]</ety> <fld>(Cless. Myth.)</fld> <def>The son of Erebus and

Nox, whose office it was to ferry the souls of the dead over the

Styx, a river of the infernal regions.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>\'d8Char"pie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,

properly fem. p. p. of OF. <ets>charpir</ets>, <ets>carpir</ets>,

to pluck, fr. L. <ets>carpere</ets>. Cf. <er>Carpet</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Straight threads obtained by unraveling

old linen cloth; -- used for surgical dressings.</def>



<hw>\'d8Char"qui</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp. A

term used in South America, Central America, and the Western

United States.]</ety> <def>Jerked beef; beef cut into long strips

and dried in the wind and sun.</def>



<au>Darwin.</au>



<hw>Charr</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See 1st

<er>Char</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Char"ras</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The gum

resin of the hemp plant (<spn>Cannabis sativa</spn>). Same as

<er>Churrus</er>.</def>



<au>Balfour.</au>



<hw>Charre</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>charrus</ets> a certain weight.]</ety> <def>See

<er>Charge</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 17.</def>



<hw>Char"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See 6th

<er>Char</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to charcoal, or partaking

of its qualities.</def>



<hw>Chart</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[A doublet of

<ets>card</ets>: cf. F. <ets>charte</ets> charter,

<ets>carte</ets> card. See <er>Card</er>, and cf.

<er>Charter</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A sheet of paper,

pasteboard, or the like, on which information is exhibited, esp.

when the information is arranged in tabular form; <as>as, an

historical <ex>chart</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A map; esp., a hydrographic or marine map; a map

on which is projected a portion of water and the land which it

surrounds, or by which it is surrounded, intended especially for

the use of seamen; <as>as, the United States Coast Survey

<ex>charts</ex>; the English Admiralty

<ex>charts</ex>.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A written deed; a charter.</def>



<cs><col>Globular chart</col>, <cd>a chart constructed on a

globular projection. See under <er>Globular</er>.</cd> --

<col>Heliographic chart</col>, <cd>a map of the sun with its

spots.</cd> -- <col>Mercator's chart</col>, <cd>a chart

constructed on the principle of Mercator's projection. See

<er>Projection</er>.</cd> -- <col>Plane chart</col>, <cd>a

representation of some part of the superficies of the globe, in

which its spherical form is disregarded, the meridians being

drawn parallel to each other, and the parallels of latitude at

equal distances.</cd> -- <col>Selenographic chart</col>, <cd>a

map representing the surface of the moon.</cd> --

<col>Topographic chart</col>, <cd>a minute delineation of a

limited place or region.</cd></cs>



<hw>Chart</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Charted</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To lay down in a

chart; to map; to delineate; <as>as, to <ex>chart</ex> a

coast</as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Char"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., leaf

of paper. See <er>Chart</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>Material on which instruments, books, etc., are

written; parchment or paper.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A charter or

deed; a writing by which a grant is made.</def> See <er>Magna

Charta</er>.</def>



<hw>Char*ta"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>chartaceus</ets>. See <er>Charta</er>.]</ety>

<def>Resembling paper or parchment; of paper-like texture;

papery.</def>



<hw>\'d8Charte</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See

<er>Chart</er>.]</ety> <def>The constitution, or fundamental law,

of the French monarchy, as established on the restoration of

Louis XVIII., in 1814.</def>



<hw>Char"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>chartre</ets>, F. <ets>chartre</ets>, <ets>charte</ets>, fr.

L. <ets>chartula</ets> a little paper, dim. of <ets>charta</ets>.

See <er>Chart</er>, <er>Card</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

written evidence in due form of things done or granted, contracts

made, etc., between man and man; a deed, or conveyance.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An instrument in writing, from the sovereign

power of a state or country, executed in due form, bestowing

rights, franchises, or privileges.</def>



<q>The king [John, <sc>a.d</sc>. 1215], with a facility somewhat

suspicious, signed and sealed the <qex>charter</qex> which was

required of him. This famous deed, commonly called the \'bdGreat

<qex>Charter</qex>,\'b8 either granted or secured very important

liberties and privileges to every order of men in the

kingdom.</q>

<qau>Hume.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An act of a legislative body creating a

municipal or other corporation and defining its powers and

privileges. Also, an instrument in writing from the constituted

authorities of an order or society (as the Freemasons), creating

a lodge and defining its powers.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A special privilege, immunity, or

exemption.</def>



<q>My mother,

Who has a <qex>charter</qex> to extol her blood,

When she does praise me, grieves me.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>The letting or hiring a vessel

by special contract, or the contract or instrument whereby a

vessel is hired or let; <as>as, a ship is offered for sale or

<ex>charter</ex></as>. See <cref>Charter party</cref>,

below.</def>



<cs><col>Charter land</col> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>land

held by charter, or in socage; bookland.</cd> -- <col>Charter

member</col>, <cd>one of the original members of a society or

corporation, esp. one named in a charter, or taking part in the

first proceedings under it.</cd> -- <col>Charter party</col>

<ety>[F. <ets>chartre partie<ets>, or <ets>charte partie<ets>, a

divided charter; from the practice of cutting the instrument of

contract in two, and giving one part to each of the

contractors]</ety> <fld>(Com.)</fld>, <cd>a mercantile lease of a

vessel; a specific contract by which the owners of a vessel let

the entire vessel, or some principal part of the vessel, to

another person, to be used by the latter in transportation for

his own account, either under their charge or his.</cd> --

<col>People's Charter</col> <mark>(Eng. Hist.)</mark>, <cd>the

document which embodied the demands made by the Chartists, so

called, upon the English government in 1838.</cd></cs>



<hw>Char"ter</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Chartered</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Chartering</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

establish by charter.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To hire or let by charter, as a ship. See

<cref>Charter party</cref>, under <er>Charter</er>,

<pos>n.</pos></def>



<hw>Char"tered</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Granted or established by charter; having, or existing

under, a charter; having a privilege by charter.</def>



<q>The sufficiency of <qex>chartered</qex> rights.</q>

<qau>Palfrey.</qau>



<q>The air, a <qex>chartered</qex> libertine.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hired or let by charter, as a ship.</def>



<hw>Char"ter*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

charters; esp. one who hires a ship for a voyage.</def>



<hw>Char"ter*house`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A well

known public school and charitable foundation in the building

once used as a Carthusian monastery (<xex>Chartreuse</xex>) in

London.</def>



<hw>Char"ter*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Chartist</er>.</def>



<hw>Chart"ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>charte</ets> charter. Cf. <er>Charte</er>,

<er>Chart</er>.]</ety> <def>The principles of a political party

in England (1838-48), which contended for universal suffrage, the

vote by ballot, annual parliaments, equal electoral districts,

and other radical reforms, as set forth in a document called the

<xex>People's Charter</xex>.</def>



<hw>Chart"ist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A supporter

or partisan of chartism.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Chart"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Without a

chart; having no guide.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not mapped; uncharted; vague.</def>



<au>Barlow.</au>



<mhw><hw>Char*tog"ra*pher</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>,

<hw>Char`to*graph"ic</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>,

<hw>Char*tog"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>,

etc.</mhw> <def>Same as <er>Cartographer</er>,

<er>Cartographic</er>, <er>Cartography</er>, etc.</def>



<hw>Char"to*man`cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>charta</ets> paper + <ets>-mancy</ets>. Cf.

<er>Cartomancy</er>.]</ety> <def>Divination by written paper or

by cards.</def>



<hw>Char*tom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Chart</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An

instrument for measuring charts or maps.</def>



<hw>\'d8Char`treuse"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A Carthusian monastery; esp.

<xex>La Grande Chartreuse</xex>, mother house of the order, in

the mountains near Grenoble, France.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An alcoholic cordial, distilled from aromatic

herbs; -- made at <xex>La Grande Chartreuse</xex>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Char`treux"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A Carthusian.</def>



<hw>Char"tu*la*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Cartulary</er>.</def>



<hw>Char"wom`an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Charwomen</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[See <er>Char</er>

a chore.]</ety> <def>A woman hired for odd work or for single

days.</def>



<hw>Char"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>cearig</ets> careful, fr. <ets>cearu</ets> care. See

<er>Care</er>.]</ety> <def>Careful; wary; cautious; not rash,

reckless, or spendthrift; saving; frugal.</def>



<q>His rising reputation made him more <qex>chary</qex> of his

fame.</q>

<qau>Jeffrey.</qau>



<hw>Cha*ryb"dis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., Gr.

<?/.]</ety> <def>A dangerous whirlpool on the coast of Sicily

opposite Scylla on the Italian coast. It is personified as a

female monster. See <er>Scylla</er>.</def>



<hw>Chas"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of

being chased; fit for hunting.</def>



<au>Gower.</au>



<hw>Chase</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Chased</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Chasing</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OF. <ets>chacier</ets>, F. <ets>chasser</ets>, fr.

(assumed) LL. <ets>captiare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>captare</ets> to

strive to seize. See <er>Catch</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

pursue for the purpose of killing or taking, as an enemy, or

game; to hunt.</def>



<q>We are those which <qex>chased</qex> you from the field.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Philologists, who <qex>chase</qex>

A panting syllable through time and place.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To follow as if to catch; to pursue; to compel

to move on; to drive by following; to cause to fly; -- often with

<xex>away</xex> or <xex>off</xex>; <as>as, to <ex>chase</ex> the

hens away</as>.</def>



<q><qex>Chased</qex> by their brother's endless malice from

prince to prince and from place to place.</q>

<qau>Knolles.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To pursue eagerly, as hunters pursue game.</def>



<q><qex>Chasing</qex> each other merrily.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Chase</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To give chase; to hunt;

<as>as, to <ex>chase</ex> around after a doctor</as>.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Chase</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>chasse</ets>, fr.

<ets>chasser</ets>. See <er>Chase</er>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Vehement pursuit for the purpose of killing or

capturing, as of an enemy, or game; an earnest seeking after any

object greatly desired; the act or habit of hunting; a

hunt.</def> \'bdThis mad <xex>chase</xex> of fame.\'b8



<au>Dryden.</au>



<q>You see this <qex>chase</qex> is hotly followed.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is pursued or hunted.</def>



<q>Nay, Warwick, seek thee out some other <qex>chase</qex>,

For I myself must hunt this deer to death.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An open hunting ground to which game resorts,

and which is private properly, thus differing from a forest,

which is not private property, and from a park, which is

inclosed. Sometimes written <xex>chace</xex>.</def>

<mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Court Tennis)</fld> <def>A division of the

floor of a gallery, marked by a figure or otherwise; the spot

where a ball falls, and between which and the dedans the

adversary must drive his ball in order to gain a point.</def>



<cs><col>Chase gun</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a cannon placed

at the bow or stern of an armed vessel, and used when pursuing an

enemy, or in defending the vessel when pursued.</cd> --

<col>Chase port</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a porthole from

which a chase gun is fired.</cd> -- <col>Stern chase</col>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a chase in which the pursuing vessel

follows directly in the wake of the vessel pursued.</cd></cs>



<hw>Chase</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>ch\'a0se</ets>, fr.

L. <ets>capsa</ets> box, case. See <er>Case</er> a box.]</ety>

<fld>(Print.)</fld> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A rectangular iron frame in

which pages or columns of type are imposed.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The part of a cannon from the

re\'89nforce or the trunnions to the swell of the muzzle. See

<er>Cannon</er>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A groove, or channel, as in the face of a wall;

a trench, as for the reception of drain tile.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>A kind of joint by

which an overlap joint is changed to a flush joint, by means of a

gradually deepening rabbet, as at the ends of clinker-built

boats.</def>



<hw>Chase</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[A contraction of

<ets>enchase</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To ornament (a

surface of metal) by embossing, cutting away parts, and the

like.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cut, so as to make a screw thread.</def>



<hw>Chas"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

who or that which chases; a pursuer; a driver; a hunter.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Chase gun</er>,

esp. in terms <xex>bow chaser</xex> and <xex>stern chaser</xex>.

See under <er>Bow</er>, <er>Stern</er>.</def>



<hw>Chas"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who chases

or engraves. See 5th <er>Chase</er>, and <er>Enchase</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A tool with several points,

used for cutting or finishing screw threads, either external or

internal, on work revolving in a lathe.</def>



<hw>Chas"i*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Chasuble</er>.</def>



<hw>Chas"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The art of

ornamenting metal by means of chasing tools; also, a piece of

ornamental work produced in this way.</def>



<hw>Chasm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>chasma</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to grape, to open wide. See

<er>Chaos</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A deep opening made by

disruption, as a breach in the earth or a rock; a yawning abyss;

a cleft; a fissure.</def>



<q>That deep, romantic <qex>chasm</qex> which slanted down the

green hill.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A void space; a gap or break, as in ranks of

men.</def>



<q>Memory . . . fills up the <qex>chasms</qex> of thought.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<hw>Chasmed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having gaps or

a chasm.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Chas"my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to a chasm; abounding in chasms.</def>



<au>Carlyle.</au>



<q>They cross the <qex>chasmy</qex> torrent's foam-lit bed.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<-- p. 243 -->



<hw>Chas`se"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.

<ets>chass\'82</ets>, p. p. of <ets>chasser</ets> to

chase.]</ety> <def>A movement in dancing, as across or to the

right or left.</def>



<hw>Chas`se"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <fld>(Dancing)</fld> <def>To

make the movement called chass\'82; <as>as, all

<ex>chass\'82</ex>; <ex>chass\'82</ex> to the right or

left.</as></def>



<hw>Chas"se*las</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., from

the village of <ets>Chasselas</ets>.]</ety> <def>A white grape,

esteemed for the table.</def>



<hw>\'d8Chasse`pot"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

the French inventor, A. A. <ets>Chassepot</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A kind of breechloading, center-fire

rifle, or improved needle gun.</def>



<hw>Chas`seur"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., a

huntsman. See <er>Chase</er> to pursue.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>One of a body of light troops, cavalry or

infantry, trained for rapid movements.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An attendant upon persons of rank or wealth,

wearing a plume and sword.</def>



<q>The great <qex>chasseur</qex> who had announced her

arrival.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<hw>Chas"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>ch<?/ssis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A traversing

base frame, or movable railway, along which the carriage of a

barbette or casemate gum moves backward and forward. [See <er>Gun

carriage</er>.]</def>



<hw>Chast</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>to

chasten.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Chaste</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>chaste</ets>, from L. <ets>castus</ets> pure, chaste; cf.

Gr. <?/ pure, Skr. <ets><?/udth</ets> to purify.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Pure from unlawful sexual intercourse; virtuous;

continent.</def> \'bdAs <xex>chaste</xex> as Diana.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>Whose bed is undefiled and <qex>chaste</qex> pronounced.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Pure in thought and act; innocent; free from

lewdness and obscenity, or indecency in act or speech; modest;

<as>as, a <ex>chaste</ex> mind; <ex>chaste</ex> eyes.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Pure in design and expression; correct; free

from barbarisms or vulgarisms; refined; simple; <as>as, a

<ex>chaste</ex> style in composition or art</as>.</def>



<q>That great model of <qex>chaste</qex>, lofty, and eloquence,

the Book of Common Prayer.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Unmarried.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Undefiled; pure; virtuous; continent; immaculate;

spotless.</syn>



<cs><col>Chaste tree</col>. <cd>Same as <er>Agnus

castus</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Chaste"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a chaste manner; with

purity.</def>



<hw>Chas"ten</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Chastened</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Chastening</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>chastien</ets>,

OF. <ets>Chastier</ets>, F. <ets>Ch<?/tier</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>castigare</ets> to punish, chastise; <ets>castus</ets> pure

+ <ets>agere</ets> to lead, drive. See <er>Chaste</er>,

<er>Act</er>, and cf. <er>Castigate</er>,

<er>Chastise</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To correct by

punishment; to inflict pain upon the purpose of reclaiming; to

discipline; <as>as, to <ex>chasten</ex> a son with a

rod</as>.</def>



<q>For whom the Lord loveth he <qex>chasteneth</qex>.</q>

<qau>Heb. xii. 6.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To purify from errors or faults; to

refine.</def>



<q>They [classics] <qex>chasten</qex> and enlarge the mind, and

excite to noble actions.</q>

<qau>Layard.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To chastise; punish; correct; discipline; castigate;

afflict; subdue; purify. To <er>Chasten</er>, <er>Punish</er>,

<er>Chastise</er>. To <xex>chasten</xex> is to subject to

affliction or trouble, in order to produce a general change for

the better in life or character. To <xex>punish</xex> is to

inflict penalty for violation of law, disobedience to authority,

or intentional wrongdoing. To <xex>chastise</xex> is to punish a

particular offense, as with stripes, especially with the hope

that suffering or disgrace may prevent a repetition of

faults.</syn>



<hw>Chas"tened</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Corrected;

disciplined; refined; purified; toned down.</def>



<au>Sir. W. Scott.</au>



<q>Of such a finished <qex>chastened</qex> purity.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Chas"ten*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

chastens.</def>



<hw>Chaste"ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Chastity; purity.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Literature & Art)</fld> <def>Freedom from all

that is meretricious, gaundy, or affected; <as>as,

<ex>chasteness</ex> of design</as>.</def>



<hw>Chas*tis"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

or deserving of chastisement; punishable.</def>



<au>Sherwood.</au>



<hw>Chas*tise"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp & p. p.</pos> <er>Chastised</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Chastising</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>chastisen</ets>;

<ets>chastien</ets> + ending <ets>-isen</ets> + modern

<ets>-ise</ets>, <ets>ize</ets>, L. <ets>izare</ets>, G. <?/. See

<er>Chasten</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To inflict pain upon,

by means of stripes, or in any other manner, for the purpose of

punishment or reformation; to punish, as with stripes.</def>



<q>How fine my master is! I am afraid

He will <qex>chastise</qex> me.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>I am glad to see the vanity or envy of the canting chemists

thus discovered and <qex>chastised</qex>.</q>

<qau>Boyle.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To reduce to order or obedience; to correct or

purify; to free from faults or excesses.</def>



<q>The gay, social sense, by decency <qex>chastised</qex>.</q>

<qau>Thomson.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Chasten</er>.</syn>



<hw>Chas"tise*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Chastise</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of chastising; pain

inflicted for punishment and correction; discipline;

punishment.</def>



<q>Shall I so much dishonor my fair stars,

On equal terms to give him <qex>chastesement</qex>!</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>I have borne <qex>chastisement</qex>; I will not offend any

more.</q>

<qau>Job xxxiv. 31.</qau>



<hw>Chas*tis"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

chastises; a punisher; a corrector.</def>



<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>



<q>The <qex>chastiser</qex> of the rich.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<hw>Chas"ti*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>chastet\'82</ets>, fr. L. <ets>castitas</ets>, fr.

<ets>castus</ets>. See <er>Chaste</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The state of being chaste; purity of body; freedom from

unlawful sexual intercourse.</def>



<q>She . . . hath preserved her spotless <qex>chastity</qex>.</q>

<qau>T. Carew.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Moral purity.</def>



<q>So dear to heaven is saintly <qex>chastity</qex>,

That, when a soul is found sicerely so

A thousand liveried angels lackey her.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The unmarried life; celibacy.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Literature & Art)</fld> <def>Chasteness.</def>



<hw>Chas"u*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>chasuble</ets>, LL. <ets>casubula</ets>,

<ets>cassibula</ets>, <ets>casula</ets>, a hooded garment,

covering the person like a little house; cf. It.

<ets>casupola</ets>, <ets>casipola</ets>, cottage, dim of L.

<ets>casa</ets> cottage.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The outer

vestment worn by the priest in saying Mass, consisting, in the

Roman Catholic Church, of a broad, flat, back piece, and a

narrower front piece, the two connected over the shoulders only.

The back has usually a large cross, the front an upright bar or

pillar, designed to be emblematical of Christ's sufferings. In

the Greek Church the chasuble is a large round mantle.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>chasible</asp>, and

<asp>chesible</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Chat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Chatted</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Chatting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From

<er>Chatter</er>. \'fb22.]</ety> <def>To talk in a light and

familiar manner; to converse without form or ceremony; to

gossip.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>To <qex>chat</qex> a while on their adventures.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To talk; chatter; gossip; converse.</syn>



<hw>Chat</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To talk of.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Chat</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Light, familiar

talk; conversation; gossip.</def>



<q>Snuff, or fan, supply each pause of <qex>chat</qex>,

With singing, laughing, ogling, and all that.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bird of the genus

<spn>Icteria</spn>, allied to the warblers, in America. The best

known species are the yelow-breasted chat (<spn>I.

viridis</spn>), and the long chat (<spn>I. longicauda</spn>). In

Europe the name is given to several birds of the family

<spn>Saxicolid\'91</spn>, as the <stype>stonechat</stype>, and

<stype>whinchat</stype>.</def>



<cs><col>Bush chat</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See under

<er>Bush</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Chat</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A twig, cone, or

little branch. See <er>Chit</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>Small

stones with ore.</def>



<cs><col>Chat potatoes</col>, <cd>small potatoes, such as are

given to swine. <mark>[Local.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Cha`teau"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Chateux</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[F.

<ets>ch\'83teau</ets> a castle. See <er>Castle</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A castle or a fortress in France.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A manor house or residence of the lord of the

manor; a gentleman's country seat; also, particularly, a royal

residence; <as>as, the <ex>chateau</ex> of the Louvre; the

<ex>chateau</ex> of the Luxembourg.</as></def>



<note><hand/ The distinctive, French term for a fortified caste

of the middle ages is <xex>ch\'83teau-fort</xex>.</note>



<cs><col>\'d8Chateau en Espagne</col> <pr>(<?/)</pr>

<ety>[F.]</ety>, <cd>a castle in Spain, that is, a castle in the

air, Spain being the region of romance.</cd></cs>



<hw>Chat"e*laine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>ch\'83telaine</ets> the wife of a castellan, the mistress of

a chateau, a chatelaine chain.]</ety> <def>An ornamental hook, or

brooch worn by a lady at her waist, and having a short chain or

chains attached for a watch, keys, trinkets, etc. Also used

adjectively; <as>as, a <ex>chatelaine</ex> chain</as>.</def>



<hw>Chat"e*let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>ch\'83telet</ets>, dim. of <ets>ch\'83teau</ets>.

<ets>See</ets> <er>Castle</er>.]</ety> <def>A little

castle.</def>



<hw>Chat"el*la*ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>ch\'83tellenie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as

<er>Castellany</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cha`ti"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>chat</ets> cat.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small

South American species of tiger cat (<spn>Felis

mitis</spn>).</def>



<hw>Cha*toy"ant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F., p. pr.

of <ets>chatoyer</ets> to be chatoyant, fr. <ets>chat</ets>

cat.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Having a changeable, varying

luster, or color, like that of a changeable silk, or oa a cat's

eye in the dark.</def>



<hw>Cha*toy"ant</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A hard

stone, as the <xex>cat's-eye</xex>, which presents on a polished

surface, and in the interior, an undulating or wary light.</def>



<hw>Cha*toy"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>chatoiement</ets>. See <er>Chatoyant</er>.]</ety>

<def>Changeableness of color, as in a mineral; play of

colors.</def>



<au>Cleaceland.</au>



<hw>Chat"tel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>chatel</ets>; another form of <ets>catel</ets>. See

<er>Cattle</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Any item of movable

or immovable property except the freehold, or the things which

are parcel of it. It is a more extensive term than

<xex>goods</xex> or <xex>effects</xex>.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Chattels</xex> are personal or real:

<xex>personal</xex> are such as are movable, as goods, plate,

money; <xex>real</xex> are such rights in land as are less than a

freehold, as leases, mortgages, growing corn, etc.</note>



<cs><col>Chattel mortgage</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a mortgage

on personal property, as distinguished from one on real

property.</cd></cs>



<hw>Chat"tel*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act or

condition of holding chattels; the state of being a

chattel.</def>



<hw>Chat"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Chattered</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Chattering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Of imitative origin. Cf.

<er>Chat</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <er>Chitter</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To utter sounds which somewhat resemble

language, but are inarticulate and indistinct.</def>



<q>The jaw makes answer, as the magpie <qex>chatters</qex>.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To talk idly, carelessly, or with undue

rapidity; to jabber; to prate.</def>



<q>To tame a shrew, and charm her <qex>chattering</qex>

tongue.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To make a noise by rapid collisions.</def>



<q>With <qex>chattering</qex> teeth, and bristling hair

upright.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Chat"ter</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To utter rapidly, idly,

or indistinctly.</def>



<q>Begin his witless note apace to <qex>chatter</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Chat"ter</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Sounds like

those of a magpie or monkey; idle talk; rapid, thoughtless talk;

jabber; prattle.</def>



<q>Your words are but idle and empty <qex>chatter</qex>.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Noise made by collision of the teeth, as in

shivering.</def>



<hw>Chat*ter*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act

or habit of chattering.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Chat"ter*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A prater; an idle talker.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bird of the family

<spn>Ampelid\'91</spn> -- so called from its monotonous note. 

The <stype>Bohemion chatterer</stype> (<spn>Ampelis

garrulus</spn>) inhabits the arctic regions of both continents.

In America the <stype>cedar bird</stype> is a more common

species. See <cref>Bohemian chatterer</cref>, and <cref>Cedar

bird</cref>.</def>



<hw>Chat"ter*ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act or

habit of talking idly or rapidly, or of making inarticulate

sounds; the sounds so made; noise made by the collision of the

teeth; chatter.</def>



<hw>Chat"ti*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality of being chatty, or of talking easily and

pleasantly.</def>



<hw>Chat"ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Given to light,

familiar talk; talkative.</def>



<au>Lady M. W. Montagu.</au>



<hw>\'d8Chat"ty</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Tamil

<ets>sh\'beti</ets>.]</ety> <def>A porous earthen pot used in

India for cooling water, etc.</def>



<hw>Chat"wood`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Chat</ets> a little stick + <ets>wood</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Little sticks; twigs for burning; fuel.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Chaud"-med`ley</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>chaude m\'88l\'82e</ets>; <ets>chaud</ets> hot +

<ets>m\'88ler</ets> (Formerly sometimes spelt medler) to

mingle.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The killing of a person in

an affray, in the heat of blood, and while under the influence of

passion, thus distinguished from <xex>chance-medley</xex> or

killing in self-defense, or in a casual affray.</def>



<au>Burrill.</au>



<hw>Chau"dron</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Chawdron</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Chauf"fer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>chauffoir</ets> a kind of stone, fr. <ets>chauffer</ets> to

heat. See <er>Chafe</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A table

stove or small furnace, usually a cylindrical box of sheet iron,

with a grate at the bottem, and an open top.</def>



<hw>Chaul"dron</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Chawdron</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Chaun</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A gap.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Colgrave.</au>



<hw>Chaun</hw>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <def>To open; to

yawn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>O, <qex>chaun</qex> thy breast.</q>

<qau>Marston.</qau>



<hw>Chaunt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & v.</pos> <def>See

<er>Chant</er>.</def>



<hw>Chaunt"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

street seller of ballads and other broadsides.</def>

<mark>[Slang, Eng.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A deceitful, tricky dealer or horse

jockey.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<q>He was a horse <qex>chaunter</qex>; he's a leg now.</q>

<qau>Dickens.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The flute of a bagpipe. See <er>Chanter</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, 3.</def>



<hw>Chaunt"er*ie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Chantry</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>\'d8Cha"us</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>a lynxlike animal of Asia and Africa

(<spn>Lynx Lybicus</spn>).</def>



<hw>\'d8Chausses</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>The garment for the legs and feet and for

the body below the waist, worn in Europe throughout the Middle

Ages; applied also to the armor for the same parts, when fixible,

as of chain mail.</def>



<hw>\'d8Chaus`sure"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A foot covering of any kind.</def>



<hw>Chau"vin*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>chauvinisme</ets>, from <ets>Chauvin</ets>, a character

represented as making grotesque and threatening displays of his

attachment to his fallen chief, Napoleon I., in 1815.]</ety>

<def>Blind and absurd devotion to a fallen leader or an obsolete

cause; hence, absurdly vainglorious or exaggerated

patriotism.</def>



-- <wordforms><wf>Chau"vin*ist</wf>, <pos>n.</pos> --

<wf>Chau`vin*is"tic</wf> <pr>(<?/)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>



<note><hand/ To have a generous belief in the greatness of one's

country is not <xex>chauvinism</xex>. It is the character of the

latter quality to be wildly extravagant, to be fretful and

childish and silly, to resent a doubt as an insult, and to offend

by its very frankness.</note>



<au>Prof. H. Tuttle.</au>



<hw>Chav"en*der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Cheven</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The

chub.</def>



<au>Walton.</au>



<hw>Chaw</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Chawed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Chawing</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[See <er>Chew</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To grind with

the teeth; to masticate, as food in eating; to chew, as the cud;

to champ, as the bit.</def>



<q>The trampling steed, with gold and purple trapped,

<qex>Chawing</qex> the foamy bit, there fiercely stood.</q>

<qau>Surrey.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To ruminate in thought; to consider; to keep the

mind working upon; to brood over.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<note>A word formerly in good use, but now regarded as

vulgar.</note>



<hw>Chaw</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Chaw</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>As much as is put in the mouth

at once; a chew; a quid.</def> <mark>[Law]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[Cf. <er>Jaw</er>.]</ety> <def>The jaw.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<cs><col>Chaw bacon</col>, <cd>a rustic; a bumpkin; a lout.</cd>

<fld>(Law)</fld> -- <col>Chaw tooth</col>, <cd>a grinder.

<fld>(Law)</fld></cd></cs>



<hw>Chaw"dron</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>chaudun</ets>, <ets>caudun</ets>, <ets>caldun</ets>; cf. G.

<ets>kaldaunen</ets> guts, bowels, LL. <ets>calduna</ets>

intestine, W. <ets>coluddyn</ets> gut, dim. of <ets>coludd</ets>

bowels.]</ety> <def>Entrails.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>chaudron</asp>,

<asp>chauldron</asp>.]</altsp>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Chay" root`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[Tamil

<ets>sh\'beya</ets>.]</ety> <def>The root of the <spn>Oldenlandia

umbellata</spn>, native in India, which yieds a durable red

dyestuff.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>choy

root</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Cha*zy" ep"och</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>An

epoch at the close of the Canadian period of the American Lower

Silurian system; -- so named from a township in Clinton Co., New

York. See the Diagram under <er>Geology</er>.</def>



<hw>Cheap</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>ce\'a0p</ets> bargain, sale, price; akin to D.

<ets>Koop</ets> purchase, G. <ets>Kauf</ets>, ICel.

<ets>kaup</ets> bargain. Cf. <er>Cheapen</er>, <er>Chapman</er>,

<er>Chaffer</er>, <er>Cope</er>, v. i.]</ety> <def>A bargain; a

purchase; cheapness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The sack that thou hast drunk me would have bought me lights

as good <qex>cheap</qex> at the dearest chandler's in Europe.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Cheap</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Abbrev. fr. \'bdgood

<ets>cheap</ets>\'b8: a good purchase or bargain; cf. F. <ets>bon

march\'82</ets>, <ets>\'85 bon march\'82</ets>. See

<er>Cheap</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, <er>Cheapen</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Having a low price in market; of small cost or

price, as compared with the usual price or the real value.</def>



<q>Where there are a great sellers to a few buyers, there the

thing to be sold will be <qex>cheap</qex>.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of comparatively small value; common;

mean.</def>



<q>You grow <qex>cheap</qex> in every subject's eye.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<cs><col>Dog cheap</col>, <cd>very cheap, -- a phrase formed

probably by the catachrestical transposition of <xex>good<xex>

cheap. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark><-- = dirt cheap?--></cd></cs>



<hw>Cheap</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Cheaply.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Cheap</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To buy; to bargain.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<-- p. 244 -->



<hw>Cheap"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Cheapened</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Cheapening</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>cheapien</ets>,

<ets>chepen</ets>, to trade, buy, sell, AS.

<ets>ce\'a0pian</ets>; akin to D. <ets>koopen</ets> to buy, G.

<ets>kaufen</ets>, Icel. <ets>kaupa</ets>, Goth.

<ets>kaup\'d3n</ets> to trade. Cf. <er>Chap</er> to

bargain.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To ask the price of; to bid,

bargain, or chaffer for.</def> <mark>[Obsoles.]</mark>



<q>Pretend to <qex>cheapen</qex> goods, but nothing buy.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[Cf. <er>Cheap</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety>

<def>To beat down the price of; to lessen the value of; to

depreciate.</def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<q>My proffered love has <qex>cheapened</qex> me.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Cheap"en*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

cheapens.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cheap"-jack`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Cheap"-john`</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>A seller of low-priced

or second goods; a hawker.</def>



<hw>Cheap"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>At a small

price; at a low value; in a common or inferior manner.</def>



<hw>Cheap"ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Lowness in

price, considering the usual price, or real value.</def>



<hw>Chear</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & v.</pos>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Cheer</er>.</def>



<hw>Cheat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[rob. an

abbrevation of <ets>escheat</ets>, lands or tenements that fall

to a lord or to the state by forfeiture, or by the death of the

tenant without heirs; the meaning being explained by the frauds,

real or supposed, that were resorted to in procuring escheats.

See <er>Escheat</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An act of deception

or fraud; that which is the means of fraud or deception; a fraud;

a trick; imposition; imposture.</def>



<q>When I consider life, 'tis all a <qex>cheat</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who cheats or deceives; an impostor; a

deceiver; a cheater.</def>



<q>Airy wonders, which <qex>cheats</qex> interpret.</q>

<qau>Johnson</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A troublesome grass, growing

as a weed in grain fields; -- called also

<altname>chess</altname>. See <er>Chess</er>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The obtaining of property from

another by an intentional active distortion of the truth.</def>



<note><hand/ When <xex>cheats</xex> are effected by deceitful or

illegal symbols or tokens which may affect the public at large

and against which common prudence could not have guarded, they

are indictable at common law.



<au>Wharton.</au>

</note>



<syn>Syn. -- Deception; imposture; fraud; delusion; artifice;

trick; swindle; deceit; guile; finesse; stratagem.</syn>



<hw>Cheat</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Cheated</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Cheating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>CHeat</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, <er>Escheat</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

deceive and defraud; to impose upon; to trick; to swindle.</def>



<q>I am subject to a tyrant, a sorcerer, that by his cunning hath

<qex>cheated</qex> me of this island.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To beguile.</def>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<q>To <qex>cheat</qex> winter of its dreariness.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To trick; cozen; gull; chouse; fool; outwit;

circumvent; beguile; mislead; dupe; swindle; defraud; overreach;

delude; hoodwink; deceive; bamboozle.</syn>



<hw>Cheat</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To practice fraud or

trickery; <as>as, to <ex>cheat</ex> at cards</as>.</def>



<hw>Cheat</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Perh. from OF.

<ets>chet\'82</ets> goods, chattels.]</ety> <def>Wheat, or bread

made from wheat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Drayton.</au>



<q>Their purest <qex>cheat</qex>,

Thrice bolted, kneaded, and subdued in paste.</q>

<qau>Chapman.</qau>



<hw>Cheat"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of

being cheated.</def>



<hw>Cheat"a*ble*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Capability of being

cheated.</def>



<hw>Cheat"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who cheats.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An escheator.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Che*bac"co</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<ets>Chebacco</ets>, the former name of Essex, a town in

Massachusetts where such vessels were built.]</ety>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A narrow-sterned boat formerly much used

in the Newfoundland fisheries; -- called also

<altname>pinkstern</altname> and <altname>chebec</altname>.</def>



<au>Bartlett.</au>



<hw>Che"bec</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<def>See <er>Chebacco</er>.</def>



<hw>Che*bec"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Named from

its note.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small American bird

(<spn>Empidonax minimus</spn>); the least flycatcher.</def>



<hw>Check</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>chek</ets>, OF. <ets>eschec</ets>, F. <ets>\'82chec</ets>, a

stop, hindrance, orig. check in the game of chess, pl.

<ets>\'82checs</ets> chess, through AR., fr. Pers.

<ets>sh\'beh</ets> king. See <er>Shah</er>, and cf.

<er>Checkmate</er>, <er>Chess</er>, <er>Checker</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Chess)</fld> <def>A word of warning denoting

that the king is in danger; such a menace of a player's king by

an adversary's move as would, if it were any other piece, expose

it to immediate capture. A king so menaced is said to be <xex>in

check</xex>, and must be made safe at the next move.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A condition of interrupted or impeded progress;

arrest; stop; delay; <as>as, to hold an enemy in

<ex>check</ex></as>.</def>



<q>Which gave a remarkable <qex>check</qex> to the first progress

of Christianity.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<q>No <qex>check</qex>, no stay, this streamlet fears.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Whatever arrests progress, or limits action; an

obstacle, guard, restraint, or rebuff.</def>



<q>Useful <qex>check</qex> upon the administration of

government.</q>

<qau>Washington.</qau>



<q>A man whom no <qex>check</qex> could abash.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A mark, certificate, or token, by which, errors

may be prevented, or a thing or person may be identified; <as>as,

<ex>checks</ex> placed against items in an account; a

<ex>check</ex> given for baggage; a return <ex>check</ex> on a

railroad.</as></def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A written order directing a bank or banker to

pay money as therein stated. See <cref>Bank check</cref>,

below.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A woven or painted design in squares resembling

the patten of a checkerboard; one of the squares of such a

design; also, cloth having such a figure.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Falconry)</fld> <def>The forsaking by a hawk of

its proper game to follow other birds.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>Small chick or crack.</def>



<cs><col>Bank check</col>, <cd>a written order on a banker or

broker to pay money in his keeping belonging to the signer.</cd>

-- <col>Check book</col>, <cd>a book containing blank forms for

checks upon a bank.</cd> -- <col>Check hook</col>, <cd>a hook on

the saddle of a harness, over which a checkrein is looped.</cd>

-- <col>Check list</col>, <cd>a list or catalogue by which things

may be verified, or on which they may be checked.</cd> --

<col>Check nut</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a secondary nut,

screwing down upon the primary nut to secure it.

<au>Knight</au>.</cd> -- <col>Check valve</col>

<fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a valve in the feed pipe of a boiler to

prevent the return of the feed water.</cd> -- <col>To take

check</col>, <cd>to take offense. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Dryden</au>.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Hindrance; setback; interruption; obstruction;

reprimand; censure; rebuke; reproof; repulse; rebuff; tally;

counterfoil; counterbalance; ticket; draft.</syn>



<hw>Check</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Checked</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>checking</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Chess)</fld> <def>To make a move which puts an adversary's

piece, esp. his king, in check; to put in check.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To put a sudden restraint upon; to stop

temporarily; to hinder; to repress; to curb.</def>



<q>So many clogs to <qex>check</qex> and retard the headlong

course of violence and oppression.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To verify, to guard, to make secure, by means of

a mark, token, or other check; to distinguish by a check; to put

a mark against (an item) after comparing with an original or a

counterpart in order to secure accuracy; <as>as, to

<ex>check</ex> an account; to <ex>check</ex> baggage.</as></def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To chide, rebuke, or reprove.</def>



<q>The good king, his master, will <qex>check</qex> him for

it.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To slack or ease off, as a

brace which is too stiffly extended.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To make checks or chinks in; to cause to crack;

<as>as, the sun <ex>checks</ex> timber</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- To restrain; curb; bridle; repress; control; hinder;

impede; obstruct; interrupt; tally; rebuke; reprove;

rebuff.</syn>



<hw>Check</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To make a

stop; to pause; -- with <xex>at</xex>.</def>



<q>The mind, once jaded by an attempt above its power, either is

disabled for the future, or else <qex>checks</qex> at any

vigorous undertaking ever after.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To clash or interfere.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To act as a curb or restraint.</def>



<q>It [his presence] <qex>checks</qex> too strong upon me.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To crack or gape open, as wood in drying; or to

crack in small checks, as varnish, paint, etc.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Falconry)</fld> <def>To turn, when in pursuit

of proper game, and fly after other birds.</def>



<q>And like the haggard, <qex>check</qex> at every feather

That comes before his eye.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Check</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Checkered; designed in

checks.</def>



<hw>Check"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of checking; <as>as, the <ex>checkage</ex> of a name

or of an item in a list</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The items, or the amount, to which attention is

called by a check or checks.</def>



<hw>Check"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From <er>Check</er>,

<pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>One who checks.</def>



<hw>Check"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Checkered</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Checkering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From OF.

<ets>eschequier</ets> a chessboard, F. <ets>\'82chiquier</ets>.

See <er>Check</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, and cf. 3d

<er>Checker</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To mark with small

squares like a checkerboard, as by crossing stripes of different

colors.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To variegate or diversify with different

qualities, color, scenes, or events; esp., to subject to frequent

alternations of prosterity and adversity.</def>



<q>Our minds are, as it were, <qex>checkered</qex> with truth and

falsehood.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<hw>Check"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>eschequier</ets>.

See <er>Checker</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A piece in the game of draughts or

checkers.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A pattern in checks; a single check.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Checkerwork.</def>



<note><hand/ This word is also written <xex>chequer</xex>.</note>



<hw>Check"er*ber`ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Checkerberries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A spicy plant and its bright red berry; the wintergreen

(<spn>Gaultheria procumbens</spn>). Also incorrectly applied to

the partridge berry (<spn>Mitchella repens</spn>).</def>



<hw>Check"er*board</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A board

with sixty-four squares of alternate color, used for playing

checkers or draughts.</def>



<hw>Chack"ered</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Marked with alternate squares or checks of different color

or material.</def>



<q>Dancing in the <qex>checkered</qex> shade.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Diversified or variegated in a marked manner, as

in appearance, character, circumstances, etc.</def>



<q>This <qex>checkered</qex> narrative.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Check"ers</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Checher</er>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <def>A game, called also

<altname>daughts</altname>, played on a checkerboard by two

persons, each having twelve men (counters or checkers) which are

moved diagonally.  The game is ended when either of the players

has lost all his men, or can not move them.</def>



<hw>Check"er*work`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Work consisting of or showing checkers varied alternately as

to colors or materials.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any aggregate of varied vicissitudes.</def>



<q>How strange a <qex>checkerwork</qex> of Providence is the life

of man.</q>

<qau>De Foe.</qau>



<hw>Check"la*ton</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Ciclatoun.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Gilded leather.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Check"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That can not be checked

or restrained.</def>



<hw>Check"mate</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. \'82chec et mat, fr.

Per. <ets>sh\'beh m\'bet</ets> ceckmate, lit., the king is dead,

fr. Ar. m\'beta he died, is dead. The king, when made prisoner,

or checkmated, is assumed to be dead, and the game is finished.

See <er>Chess</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The position in the

game of chess when a king is in check and cannot be released, --

which ends the game.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A complete check; utter defeat or

overthrow.</def>



<hw>Check"mate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Checkmated</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Checkmating</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Chess)</fld> <def>To check (an adversary's king) in such a

manner that escape in impossible; to defeat (an adversary) by

putting his king in check from which there is no escape.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To defeat completely; to terminate; to

thwart.</def>



<q>To <qex>checkmate</qex> and control my just demands.</q>

<qau>Ford.</qau>



<hw>Check"rein`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A short rein looped over the check hook to prevent a horse

from lowering his head; -- called also a <altname>bearing

rein</altname>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A branch rein connecting the driving rein of one

horse of a span or pair with the bit of the other horse.</def>



<hw>Check"roll`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A list of

servants in a household; -- called also <altname>chequer

roll</altname>.</def>



<hw>Check"string`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A cord by

which a person in a carriage or horse car may signal to the

driver.</def>



<hw>Check"work</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Anything

made so as to form alternate squares lke those of a

checkerboard.</def>



<hw>Check"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Her.)</fld>

<def>Divided into small alternating squares of two tinctures; --

said of the field or of an armorial bearing.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>checquy</asp>,

<asp>cheguy</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Ched"dar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to, or made at, <xex>Cheddar</xex>, in England;

<as>as, <ex>Cheddar</ex> cheese</as>.</def>



<hw>Cheek</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>cheke</ets>, <ets>cheoke</ets>, AS. <ets>c\'82ace</ets>,

<ets>c\'82oce</ets>; cf. Goth. <ets>kukjan</ets> to kiss, D.

<ets>kaak</ets> cheek; perh. akin to E. <ets>chew</ets>,

<ets>jaw</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The side of the face

below the eye.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The cheek bone.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Caucer.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>Those pieces

of a machine, or of any timber, or stone work, which form

corresponding sides, or which are similar and in pair; <as>as,

the <ex>cheeks</ex> (jaws) of a vise; the <ex>cheeks</ex> of a

gun carriage, etc.</as></def>



<sn>4.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The branches of a bridle

bit.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <def>A section of a flask, so

made that it can be moved laterally, to permit the removal of the

pattern from the mold; the middle part of a flask.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Cool confidence; assurance; impudence.</def>

<mark>[Slang]</mark>



<cs><col>Cheek of beef</col>. <cd>See <xex>Illust<xex>. of

<er>Beef</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cheek bone</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<cd>the bone of the side of the fase; esp., the malar bone.</cd>

-- <col>Cheek by jowl</col>, <cd>side by side; very

intimate.</cd> -- <col>Cheek pouch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,

<cd>a sacklike dilation of the cheeks of certain monkeys and

rodents, used for holding food.</cd> -- <col>Cheeks of a

block</col>, <cd>the two sides of the shell of a tackle

block.</cd> -- <col>Cheeks of a mast</col>, <cd>the projection on

each side of a mast, upon which the trestletrees rest.</cd> --

<col>Cheek tooth</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>a hinder or molar

tooth.</cd> -- <col>Butment cheek</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Butment</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cheek</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To be impudent

or saucy to.</def> <mark>[Slang.]</mark>



<hw>Cheeked</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a cheek;

-- used in composition.</def> \'bdRose-<xex>cheeked</xex>

Adonis.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Cheek"y</hw>, <def>a Brazen-faced; impudent; bold.</def>

<mark>[Slang.]</mark>



<hw>Cheep</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Cheeped</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. <er>Chirp</er>]</ety>.

<def>To chirp, as a young bird.</def>



<hw>Cheep</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To give expression to in a

chirping tone.</def>



<q><qex>Cheep</qex> and twitter twenty million loves.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Cheep</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A chirp, peep, or squeak, as

of a young bird or mousse.</def>



<hw>Cheer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>chere</ets> face, welcome, cheer, OF. <ets>chiere</ets>, F.

<ets>ch\'8are</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>cara</ets> face, Gr. <?/ head;

akin to Skr. <ets><?/iras</ets>, L. <ets>cerebrum</ets> brain, G.

<ets>hirn</ets>, and E. <ets>cranium</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The face; the countenance or its expression.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdSweat of thy <xex>cheer</xex>.\'b8



<au>Wyclif.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Feeling; spirit; state of mind or heart.</def>



<q>Be of good <qex>cheer</qex>.</q>

<qau>Matt. ix. 2.</qau>



<q>The parents . . . fled away with heavy <qex>cheer</qex>.</q>

<qau>Holland.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Gayety; mirth; cheerfulness; animation.</def>



<q>I have not that alacrity of spirit,

Nor <qex>cheer</qex> of mind, that I was wont to have.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>That which promotes good spirits or

cheerfulness; provisions prepared for a feast; entertainment;

<as>as, a table loaded with good <ex>cheer</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A shout, hurrah, or acclamation, expressing joy

enthusiasm, applause, favor, etc.</def>



<q>Welcome her, thundering <qex>cheer</qex> of the street.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<cs><col>Whzt cheer</col><cd>? Now do you fare? What is there

that is cheering?</cd></cs>



<hw>Cheer</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Cheered</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>cheering</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

cause to rejoice; to gladden; to make cheerful; -- often with

<xex>up</xex>.</def>



<au>Cowpe.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To infuse life, courage, animation, or hope,

into; to inspirit; to solace or comfort.</def>



<q>The proud he tamed, the penitent he <qex>cheered</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To salute or applaud with cheers; to urge on by

cheers; <as>as, to <ex>cheer</ex> hounds in a chase</as>.</def>



<cs><col>To cheer ship</col>, <cd>to salute a passing ship by

cheers of sailors stationed in the rigging.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- To gladden; encourage; inspirit; comfort; console;

enliven; refresh; exhilarate; animate; applaud.</syn>



<hw>Cheer</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To grow

cheerful; to become gladsome or joyous; -- usually with

<xex>up</xex>.</def>



<q>At sight of thee my gloomy soul <qex>cheers</qex> up.</q>

<qau>A. Philips.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be in any state or temper of mind.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>How <qex>cheer'st</qex> thou, Jessica?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To utter a shout or shouts of applause, triumph,

etc.</def>



<q>And even the ranks of Tusculum

Could scare forbear to <qex>cheer</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Cheer"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

cheers; one who, or that which, gladdens.</def>  \'bdThou

<xex>cheerer</xex> of our days.\'b8 <au>Wotton</au>. \'bdPrime

<xex>cheerer</xex>, light.\'b8 <au>Thomson</au>.



<hw>Cheer"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having or

showing good spirits or joy; cheering; cheery; contented; happy;

joyful; lively; animated; willing.</def>



<q>To entertain a <qex>cheerful</qex> disposition.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>The <qex>cheerful</qex> birds of sundry kind

Do chant sweet music.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<q>A <qex>cheerful</qex> confidence in the mercy of God.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<q>This general applause and <qex>cheerful</qex> shout.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Lively; animated; gay; joyful; lightsome; gleeful;

blithe; airy; sprightly; jocund; jolly; joyous; vivacious;

buoyant; sunny; happy; hopeful.</syn>



<hw>Cheer"ful*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a cheerful manner,

gladly.</def>



<hw>Cheer"ful*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Good spirits; a state

of moderate joy or gayety; alacrity.</def>



<hw>Cheer"i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

cheery manner.</def>



<hw>Cheer"i*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being

cheery.</def>



<hw>Cheer"ing*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

manner to cheer or encourage.</def>



<hw>Cheer"is*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Cheerfulness.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>There is no Christian duty that is not to be seasoned and set

off with <qex>cheerishness</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Cheer"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without joy, gladness, or

comfort.</def>



-- <wordforms><wf>Cheer"less*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Cheer"less*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<q>My cheerful day is turned to <qex>cheerles</qex> night.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Gloomy; sad; comfortless; dispiriting;

dicsconsolate; dejected; melancholy; forlorn.</syn>



<hw>Cheer"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Gay;

cheerful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Cheer"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Cheerily.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Tennyson.</au>



<hw>Cheer"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Cheerful;

lively; gay; bright; pleasant; <as>as, a <ex>cheery</ex>

person</as>.</def>



<q>His <qex>cheery</qex> little study, where the sunshine

glimmered so pleasantly.</q>

<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>



<-- p. 245 -->



<hw>Cheese</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>chese</ets>, AS. <ets>c\'c7se</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>caseus</ets>, LL. <ets>casius</ets>. Cf.

<er>Casein</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The curd of milk,

coagulated usually with rennet, separated from the whey, and

pressed into a solid mass in a hoop or mold.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A mass of pomace, or ground apples, pressed

togehter in the form of a cheese.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The flat, circuliar, mucilaginous fruit of the

dwarf mallow (<spn>Malva rotundifolia</spn>).</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A low courtesy; -- so called on account of the

cheese form assumed by a woman's dress when she stoops after

extending the skirts by a rapid gyration.</def>



<au>De Quincey. Thackeray.</au>



<cs><col>Cheese cake</col>, <cd>a cake made of or filled with, a

composition of soft curds, sugar, and butter.

<xex>Prior<xex>.</cd> -- <col>Cheese fly</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a black dipterous insect

(<spn>Piophila casei</spn>) of which the larv\'91 or maggots,

called <xex>ckippers<xex> or <xex>hoppers<xex>, live in

cheese.</cd> -- <col>Cheese mite</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,

<cd>a minute mite (<spn>Tryoglyhus siro</spn>) in cheese and

other articles of food.</cd> -- <col>Cheese press</col>, <cd>a

press used in making cheese, to separate the whey from the curd,

and to press the curd into a mold.</cd> -- <col>Cheese

rennet</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant of the Madder family

(<spn>Golium verum</spn>, or <xex>yellow bedstraw<xex>),

sometimes used to coagulate milk. The roots are used as a

substitute for madder. -- <xex>Cheese vat<xex>, a vat or tub in

which the curd is formed and cut or broken, in cheese

making.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cheese"lep</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Keslop</er>.]</ety> <def>A bag in which rennet is kept.</def>



<hw>Cheese"mon`ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

deals incheese.</def>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Cheese"par`ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A thin

portion of the rind of a cheese.</def> -- <def2><pos>a.</pos> 

<def>Scrimping; mean; <as>as, <ex>cheeseparing</ex>

economy</as>.</def></def2>



<hw>Chees"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality of being cheesy.</def>



<hw>Chees"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having the

nature, qualities, taste, form, consistency, or appearance of

cheese.</def>



<hw>Chee"tah</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Hind.

<ets>ch\'c6t\'be</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

species of leopard (<spn>Cyn\'91lurus jubatus</spn>) tamed and

used for hunting in India. The woolly cheetah of South Africa is

<spn>C. laneus</spn>.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>chetah</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>\'d8Chef</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A chief of head person.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The head cook of large establishment, as a club,

a family, etc.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Chief</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Chef`-d'\'d2uvre"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl. <plw>Chefs-d'\'d2uvre</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A masterpiece; a capital work in art,

literature, etc.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cheg"oe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Cheg"re</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Chigoe</er>.</def>



<hw>Chei"lo*plas`ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ a lip + <ets>-plasty</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld>

<def>The process of forming an artificial tip or part of a lip,

by using for the purpose a piece of healthy tissue taken from

some neighboring part.</def>



<hw>\'d8Chei*lop"o*da</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See

<er>Ch<?/lopoda</er>.</def>



<hw>Chei*rep"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Cheiroptera.</def>



<hw>\'d8Chei*rop"te*ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl.</plu> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ hand + <?/ wing.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of mammalia, including the

bats, having four toes of each of the anterior limbs elongated

and connected by a web, so that they can be used like wings in

flying. See <er>Bat</er>.</def>



<hw>Chei*rop"ter*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the Cheiroptera, or Bat

family.</def>



<hw>\'d8Chei*rop`te*ryg"i*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl. <plw>Cheiropterygia</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/ hand + <?/; <?/ wing, fin.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>The typical pentadactyloid limb of the higher

vertebrates.</def>



<hw>Chei*ros"o*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

hand + <?/ knowledge.]</ety> <def>The art of reading character as

it is delineated in the hand.</def>



-- <wordforms><wf>Chei*ros"o*phist</wf> <pr>(<?/)</pr>,

<pos>n</pos>.</wordforms>



<hw>\'d8Chei`ro*the"ri*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ hand + <?/ beast.]</ety>

<fld>(Poleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of extinct animals, so named

from fossil footprints rudely resembling impressions of the human

hand, and believed to have been made by labyrinthodont reptiles.

See <xex>Illustration</xex> in Appendix.</def>



<hw>Chek`e*la*toun"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Ciclatoun</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>\'d8Chek"mak</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A turkish

fabric of silk and cotton, with gold thread interwoven.</def>



<hw>\'d8Che"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Chel\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/

claw.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The pincherlike claw of

Crustacea and Arachnida.</def>



<hw>Che"late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Cheliferous</er>.</def>



<hw>Chel`e*ryth"rine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ celandine + <?/ red.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Am

alkaloidal principle obtained from the celandine, and named from

the red color of its salts, It is a coloriess crystalline

substance, and acts as an acrid narcotic poison. It is identical

with <xex>sanguinarine</xex>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Che*lic"e*ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl.</plu> <plw>Chelicer\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/ claw + <?/ horn.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>One of the anterior pair of mouth organs, terminated by a

pincherlike claw, in scorpions and allied Arachnida. They are

homologous with the falcers of spiders, and probably with the

mandibles of insects.</def>



<hw>Chel"i*don</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.

Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The hollow at the flexure

of the arm.</def>



<hw>Chel`i*don"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Celandine</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining

to, or derived from, the celandine.</def>



<cs><col>Cheidonic acid</col>, <cd>a weak acid extracted fron the

celandine (<spn>Chelidonium majus</spn>), as a white crystalline

substance.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Chel`i*do"ni*us</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

(sc. <ets>lapillus</ets>.)]</ety> <def>A small stone taken from

the gizzard of a young swallow. -- anciently worn as a medicinal

charm.</def>



<hw>Chel"i*fer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

claw + <ets>-fer</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See

<cref>Book scorpion</cref>, under <er>Book</er>.</def>



<hw>Che*lif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

claw + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>Having cheliform claws, like a crab.</def>



<hw>Chel"i*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

claw + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having

a movable joint or finger closing againts a preceding joint or a

projecting part of it, so that the whole may be ised for

grasping, as the claw of a crab; pincherlike.</def>



<hw>\'d8Che*lo"ne</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

a tortoise. So named from shape of the upper lip of the

corolla.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of hardy perennial

flowering plants, of the order <spn>Scrophulariacea\'91</spn>.,

natives of North America; -- called also

<altname>snakehead</altname>, <altname>turtlehead</altname>,

<altname>shellflower</altname>, etc.</def>



<hw>\'d8Che*lo"ni*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl.</plu> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a tortoise.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of reptiles, including the

tortoises and turtles, perculiar in having a part of the

vertebr\'91, ribs, and sternum united with the dermal plates so

as to form a firm shell. The jaws are covered by a horny beak.

See <er>Reptilia</er>; also, <xex>Illust</xex>. in

Appendix.</def>



<hw>Che*lo"ni*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to animals of the

tortoise kind.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>One of the

Chelonia.</def></def2>



<hw>\'d8Che*lu"ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.

Gr. <?/ claw + <?/ tail.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

genus of marine amphipod crustacea, which bore into and sometimes

destroy timber.</def>



<hw>Che"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A claw. See

<er>Chela</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Chem"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Chenistry</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A chemist; an

alchemist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bleaching)</fld> <def>A solution of chloride of

line.</def>



<hw>Chem"ic</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Chemical.</def>



<au>Blackw. Mag.</au>



<hw>Chem"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining

to chemistry; characterized or produced by the forces and

operations of chemistry; employed in the processes of chemistry;

<as>as, <ex>chemical</ex> changes; <ex>chemical</ex>

comnbinations.</as></def>



<cs><mcol><col>Chemical attraction</col> <or/

<col>affinity</col></mcol>. <cd>See under

<er>Attraction</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Chem"ic*al</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A substance used for

producing a chemical effect; a reagent.</def>



<hw>Chem"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>According to

chemical principles; by chemical process or operation.</def>



<hw>Chem`i*glyph"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Chemical</ets> + <?/ to engrave.]</ety> <def>Engraved

by a voltaic battary.</def>



<hw>Chem`i*loon"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A garment

for women, consisting of chemise and drawers united in one.</def>

<mark>[U. S.]</mark>



<hw>Che*mise"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., shirt,

fr. LL. <ets>camisa</ets>, <ets>camisia</ets>, shirt, thin dress;

cf. G. <ets>hemd</ets>, or Olr. <ets>coimumse</ets> sort of

garment. Cf. <er>Camis</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A shift, or

undergarment, worn by women.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A wall that lines the face of a bank or

earthwork.</def>



<hw>Chem`i*sette"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[F., dim.

of <ets>chemise</ets>.]</ety> <def>An under-garment, worn by

women, usually covering the neck, shoulders, and breast.</def>



<hw>Chem"ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>chimisme</ets>. See <er>Chemistry</er>.]</ety> <def>The

force exerted between the atoms of elementary substance whereby

they unite to form chemical compounds; chemical attaction;

affinity; -- sometimes used as a general expression for chemical

activity or relationship.</def>



<hw>Chem"ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Shortened from

<ets>alchemist</ets>; cf. F. <ets>chimiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

person versed in chemistry or given to chemical investigation; an

analyst; a maker or seller of chemicals or drugs.</def>



<hw>Chem"is*try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Chemist</er>. See <er>Alchemy</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>That branch of science which treats of the composition of

substances, and of the changes which they undergo in consequence

of alterations in the constitution of the molecules, which depend

upon variations of the number, kind, or mode of arrangement, of

the constituent atoms. These atoms are not assumed to be

indivisible, but merely the finest grade of subdivision hitherto

attained. Chemistry deals with the changes in the composition and

constitution of molecules. See <er>Atom</er>,

<er>Molecule</er>.</def>



<note><hand/ Historically, chemistry is an outgrowth of alchemy

(or alchemistry), with which it was anciently identified.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An application of chemical theory and method to

the consideration of some particular subject; <as>as, the

<ex>chemistry</ex> of iron; the <ex>chemistry</ex> of

indigo.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A treatise on chemistry.</def>



<note><hand/ This word and its derivatives were formerly written

with <xex>y</xex>, and sometimes with i, instead of <xex>e</xex>,

in the first syllable, <xex>chymistry</xex>, <xex>chymist</xex>,

<xex>chymical</xex>, etc., or <xex>chimistry</xex>,

<xex>chimist</xex>, <xex>chimical</xex>, etc.; and the

pronunciation was conformed to the orthography.</note>



<cs><col>Inorganic chemistry</col>, <cd>that which treats of

inorganic or mineral substances.</cd> -- <col>Organic

chemistry</col>, <cd>that which treats of the substances which

from the structure of organized beings and their products,

whether animal or vegetable; -- called also <altname>chemistry of

the carbon compounds</altname>.  There is no fundamental

difference between organic and inorganic chemistry.</cd> --

<col>Physiological chemistry</col>, <cd>the chemistry of the

organs and tissues of the body, and of the various physiological

processes incident to life.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Practical

chemistry</col>, or <col>Applied chemistry</col></mcol>, <cd>that

which treats of the modes of manufacturing the products of

chemistry that are useful in the arts, of their applications to

economical purposes, and of the conditions essential to their

best use.</cd> -- <col>Pure chemistry</col>, <cd>the

consideration of the facts and theories of chemistry in their

purely scientific relations, without necessary reference to their

practical applications or mere utility.</cd></cs>



<hw>Chem"i*type</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Chemi</ets>cal + <ets>-type</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Engraving)</fld> <def>One of a number of processes by which

an impression from an engraved plate is obtained in relief, to be

used for printing on an ordinary printing press.</def>



<hw>Che*mol"y*sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Chemi</ets>cal + Gr. <?/ a loosing.]</ety> <def>A term

sometimes applied to the decomposition of organic substance into

more simple bodies, by the use of chemical agents alone.</def>



<au>Thudichum.</au>



<hw>Chem`os*mo"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Chemi</ets>cal + <ets>osmosis</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Chemical action taking place through an intervening

membrane.</def>



<hw>Chem`os*mot"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to, or produced by, chemosmosis.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Che*mung" pe"ri*od</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <fld>(Geol.)</fld>

<def>A subdivision in the upper part of the Devonian system in

America, so named from the Chemung River, along which the rocks

are well developed. It includes the Portage and Chemung groups or

epochs. See the Diagram under <er>Geology</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cheng</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Chinese.]</ety> <def>A chinese reed instrument, with tubes,

blown by the mouth.</def>



<hw>Che*nille"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., prop.,

a caterpillar.]</ety> <def>Tufted cord, of silk or worsted, for

the trimimg of ladies' dresses, for embroidery and fringes, and

for the weft of chenille rugs.</def>



<hw>\'d8Che`no*mor"ph\'91</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl.</plu> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ the wild goose + <?/

form.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of birds,

including the swans, ducks, geese, flamingoes and

screamers.</def>



<hw>Chep"ster</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European starling.</def>

<mark>[Local, Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Cheque</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Check</er>.</def>



<hw>Cheq"uer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & v.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Checker</er>.</def>



<hw>Che*quing"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A coin. See

<er>Sequin</er>.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Cheq"uy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Her.)</fld>

<def>Same as <er>Checky</er>.</def>



<hw>Cher"if</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Cherif</er>.</def>



<hw>Cher`i*moy"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>ch\'82rimolier</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A small downy-leaved tree (<spn>Anona Cherimolia</spn>),

with fragrant flowers. It is a native of Peru.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Its delicious fruit, which is succulent, dark

purple, and similar to the custard apple of the West

Indies.</def>



<hw>Cher"ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Cherished</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Cherising</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>ch\'82rir</ets>,

fr. <ets>cher</ets> dear, fr. L. <ets>carus</ets>. See

<er>Caress</er>, <er>Finish</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

treat with tenderness and affection; to nurture with care; to

protect and aid.</def>



<q>We were gentle among you, even as a nurse

<qex>cherisheth</qex> her children.</q>

<qau>1 Thess. ii. 7.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To hold dear; to embrace with interest; to

indulge; to encourage; to foster; to promote; <as>as, to

<ex>cherish</ex> religious principle</as>.</def>



<q>To <qex>cherish</qex> virtue and humanity.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To nourish; foster; nurse; nurture; entertain;

encourage; comfort; protect; support; See <er>Nurture</er>.</syn>



<hw>Cher"ish*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

cherishes.</def>



<q>The <qex>cherisher</qex> of my flesh and blood.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Cher"ish*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Encouragement; comfort.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Rich bounty and dear <qex>cherishment</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Cher"mes</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Kermes</er>.</def>



<hw>Cher"o*gril</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>choerogryllus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ a yuong swine + <?/ a

pig.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Cony</er>.</def>



<hw>Cher`o*kees"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>;

<sing>sing. <er>Cherokee</er></sing>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld>

<def>An Appalachian tribe of Indians, formerly inhabiting the

region about the head waters of the Tennessee River. They are now

mostly settled in the Indian Territory, and have become one of

the most civilized of the Indian Tribes.</def>



<hw>Che*root"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Tamil

<ets>shuruttu</ets>, prop., a roll.]</ety> <def>A kind of cigar,

originally brought from Mania, in the Philippine Islands; now

often made of inferior or adulterated tabacco.</def>



<hw>Cher"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>chery</ets>, for <ets>cherys</ets>, fr. F. <ets>cerise</ets>

(cf. AS. <ets>cyrs</ets> cherry), fr. LL. <ets>ceresia</ets>, fr.

L. <ets>cerasus</ets> Cherry tree, Gr. <?/, perh. fr. <?/ horn,

from the hardness of the wood.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tree or shrub of the genus

<spn>Prunus</spn> (<xex>Which also includes the plum</xex>)

<xex>bearing a fleshy drupe with a bony stone</xex>; <sd>(a)</sd>

The common garden cherry (<spn>Prunus Cerasus</spn>), of which

several hundred varieties are cultivated for the fruit, some of

which are, the begarreau, blackheart, black Tartarian, oxheart,

morelle or morello, May-duke (corrupted from M\'82doc in France).

<sd>(b)</sd> The wild cherry; as, <spn>prunus serotina</spn>

(wild black cherry), valued for its timber; <spn>P.

Virginiana</spn> (choke cherry), an American shrub which bears

astringent fruit; <spn>P. avium</spn> and <spn>P. Padus</spn>,

European trees (bird cherry).</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The fruit of the cherry tree, a drupe of various

colors and flavors.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The timber of the cherry tree, esp. of the black

cherry, used in cabinetmaking, etc.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A peculiar shade of red, like that of a

cherry.</def>



<cs><col>Barbadoes cherry</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Barbadoes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cherry bird</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an American bird; the cedar bird; --

so called from its fondness for cherries.</cd> -- <col>Cherry

bounce</col>, <cd>cherry brandy and sugar.</cd> -- <col>Cherry

brandy</col>, <cd>brandy in which cherries have been

steeped.</cd> -- <col>Cherry laurel</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,

<cd>an evergren shrub (<spn>Prunus Lauro-cerasus</spn>) common in

shrubberies, the poisonous leaves of which have a flavor like

that of bitter almonds.</cd> -- <col>Cherry pepper</col>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of <spn>Capsicum</spn> (<spn>C.

cerasiforme</spn>), with small, scarlet, intensely piquant

cherry-shaped fruit.</cd> -- <col>Cherry pit</col>. <sd>(a)</sd>

<cd>A child's play, in which cherries are thrown into a

hole.</cd> <au>Shak</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A cherry stone.</cd>

-- <col>Cherry rum</col>, <cd>rum in which cherries have been

steeped. -- <col>Cherry sucker</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,

<cd>the European spotted flycatcher (<spn>Musicapa

grisola</spn>); -- called also <altname>cherry chopper</altname>

<altname>cherry snipe</altname></cd>. <col>Cherry tree</col>,

<cd>a tree that bears cherries.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Ground

cherry</col>, <col>Winter cherry</col><mcol>, <cd>See

<er>Alkekengi</er>.</cd></cs>



<-- p. 246 -->



<hw>Cher"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a red

cherry in color; ruddy; blooming; <as>as, a <ex>cherry</ex> lip;

<ex>cherry</ex> cheeks.</as></def>



<hw>Cher"so*nese</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/;

<?/ land + <?/ island.]</ety> <def>A peninsula; a tract of land

nearly surrounded by water, but united to a larger tract by a

neck of land or isthmus; <as>as, the <ex>Cimbric Chersonese</ex>,

or Jutland; the <ex>Tauric Chersonese</ex>, or Crimea.</as></def>



<hw>Chert</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ir.

<ets>ceart</ets> stone, perh. akin to E. <ets>crag</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An impure, massive, flintlike quartz or

hornstone, of a dull color.</def>



<hw>Chert"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like chert;

containing chert; flinty.</def>



<hw>Cher"ub</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Cherubs</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>; but the Hebrew plural

<plw>Cherubim</plw> <pr>(#)</pr> is also used.</plu> <ety>[Heb.

<ets>ker\'d4b</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A mysterious

composite being, the winged footstool and chariot of the

Almighty, described in <au>Ezekiel i. and x.</au></def>



<q>I knew that they were the <qex>cherubim</qex>.</q>

<qau>Ezek. x. 20.</qau>



<q>He rode upon a <qex>cherub</qex> and did fly.</q>

<qau>Ps. xviii. 10.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A symbolical winged figure of unknown form used

in connection with the mercy seat of the Jewish Ark and

Temple.</def>



<au>Ez. xxv. 18.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>One of a order of angels, variously represented

in art. In European painting the cherubim have been shown as

blue, to denote knowledge, as distinguished from the seraphim

(see <er>Seraph</er>), and in later art the children's heads with

wings are generally called <xex>cherubs</xex>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A beautiful child; -- so called because artists

have represented cherubs as beautiful children.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Che*ru"bic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Che*ru"bic*al</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to

cherubs; angelic.</def> \'bdThe <xex>cherubic</xex> host.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Cher"u*bim</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The Hebrew

plural of <er>Cherub</er>.. Cf. <er>Seraphim</er>.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Cherubims</xex>, in the King James version of

the bible, is an incorrect form, made by adding the English

plural termination to the Hebrew plural <xex>cherubim</xex>

instead of to the singular <xex>cherub</xex>.</note>



<hw>Cher"u*bin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Cherubic;

angelic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Cher"u*bin</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A cherub.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Cher"up</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Prob. fr.

<ets>chirp</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make a short, shrill, cheerful

sound; to chirp. See <er>Chirrup</er>.</def> \'bdCheruping

birds.\'b8



<au>Drayton.</au>



<hw>Cher"up</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To excite or urge on by

making a short, shrill, cheerful sound; to cherup to. See

<er>Chirrup</er>.</def>



<q>He <qex>cherups</qex> brisk ear-erecting steed.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<hw>Cher"up</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A short, sharp, cheerful

noise; a chirp; a chirrup; <as>as, the <ex>cherup</ex> of a

cricket</as>.</def>



<hw>Cher"vil</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>cerfille</ets>, fr. L. <ets>caerefolium</ets>,

<ets>chaerephyllum</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ to rejoice + <?/

leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant (<spn>Anthriscus

cerefolium</spn>) with pinnately divided aromatic leaves, of

which several curled varieties are used in soups and

salads.</def>



<hw>Ches</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def>pret. of <er>Chese</er>.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Chese</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

choose</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Ches"i*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Chasuble</er>.</def>



<hw>Ches"lip</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The wood louse.</def> <mark>[Prov.

Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Chess</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>ches</ets>, F. <ets>\'82checs</ets>, prop. pl. of

<ets>\'82chec</ets> check. See 1st <er>Check</er>.]</ety> <def>A

game played on a chessboard, by two persons, with two differently

colored sets of men, sixteen in each set. Each player has a king,

a queen, two bishops, two knights, two castles or rooks, and

eight pawns.</def>



<hw>Chess</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of

brome grass (<spn>Bromus secalinus</spn>) which is a troublesome

weed in wheat flelds, and is often erroneously regarded as

degenerate or changed wheat; it bears a very slight resemblance

to oats, and if reaped and ground up with wheat, so as to be used

for food, is said to produce narcotic effects; -- called also

<altname>cheat</altname> and <altname>Willard's

bromus</altname>.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>



<note><hand/ Other species of brome grass are called <xex>upright

chess</xex>, <xex>soft chess</xex>, etc.</note>



<hw>Chess"-ap`ple</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The wild

service of Europe (<spn>Purus torminalis</spn>).</def>



<hw>Chess"board`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The board

used in the game of chess, having eight rows of alternate light

and dark squares, eight in each row. See

<er>Checkerboard</er>.</def>



<note><hand/ The chessboard and the checkerboard are

alike.</note>



<hw>Ches"sel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The wooden

mold in which cheese is pressed.</def>



<au>Simmonds.</au>



<hw>Chess"es</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>chassis</ets> a framework of carpenty.]</ety>

<fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The platforms, consisting of two or more

planks doweled together, for the flooring of a temporary military

bridge.</def>



<au>Wilhelm.</au>



<q> A singular, <xex>chess</xex>, is sometimes used. \'bdEach

<xex>chess</xex> consists of three planks.\'b8</q>

<qau>Farrow.</qau>



<hw>Ches"sil</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>chesil</ets>, AS. <ets>ceosel</ets> gravel, sand.]</ety>

<def>Gravel or pebbles.</def>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>Chess"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Chessmen</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <def>A piece used in the

game of chess.</def>



<hw>Ches"some</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Chisley</er>.]</ety> <def>Mwllow earth; mold.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Chess"tree`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F

<ets>chassis</ets> a framework of carpentry.]</ety>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A piece of oak bolted perpendicularly on

the side of a vessel, to aid in drawing down and securing the

clew of the mainsail.</def>



<hw>Ches`sy" cop"per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Min.)</fld>

<def>The mineral azurite, found in fine crystallization at

<ets>Chessy</ets>, near Lyons; called also

<altname>chessylite</altname>.</def>



<hw>Chest</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>chest</ets>, <ets>chist</ets>, AS. <ets>cest</ets>,

<ets>cist</ets>, <ets>cyst</ets>, L. <ets>cista</ets>, fr. Gr.

<?/. Cf. <er>Cist</er>, <er>Cistern</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A large box of wood, or other material, having, like a

trunk, a lid, but no covering of skin, leather, or cloth.</def>



<q>Heaps of money crowded in the <qex>chest</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A coffin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>He is now dead and mailed in his <qex>cheste</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The part of the body inclosed by the ribs and

breastbone; the thorax.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>A case in which certain goods,

as tea, opium, etc., are transported; hence, the quantity which

such a case contains.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A tight receptacle or box,

usually for holding gas, steam, liguids, etc.; <as>as, the steam

<ex>chest</ex> of an engine; the wind <ex>chest</ex> of an

organ.</as></def>



<cs><col>Bomb chest</col>, <cd>See under <er>Bomb</er>.</cd> --

<col>Chest of drawers</col>, <cd>a case or movable frame

containing drawers.</cd></cs>



<hw>Chest</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos>

<er>Chested</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To deposit in a

chest; to hoard.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To place in a coffin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>He dieth and is <qex>chested</qex>.</q>

<qau>Gen. 1. 26 (heading).</qau>



<hw>Chest</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>ce\'a0st</ets>.]</ety> <def>Strife; contention;

controversy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>P. Plowman.</au>



<hw>Chest"ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having (such) a chest; --

in composition; <as>as, broad-<ex>chested</ex>;

narrow-<ex>chested</ex>.</as></def>



<hw>Ches"ter*lite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>-lite</er>.]</ety> <def>A variety of feldspar found in

crystals in the county of <ets>Chester</ets>, Pennsylvania.</def>



<hw>Ches"teyn</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The chestnut

tree.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Wilwe, elm, plane, assch, box, <qex>chesteyn</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>Chest" foun`der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A

rheumatic affection of the muscles of the breast and fore legs of

a horse, affecting motion and respiration.</def>



<hw>Chest"nut</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[For

<ets>chesten-nut</ets>; OE. <ets>chestein</ets>,

<ets>chesten</ets>, <ets>chastein</ets>, chestnut, fr. AS.

<ets>cisten</ets> in <ets>cistenbe\'a0m</ets> chestnut tree,

influenced by OF. <ets>chastaigne</ets>, F.

<ets>ch\'83taigne</ets>, both the AS. and the F. words coming

from L. <ets>castanea</ets> a chestnut, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ a city

of Pontus, where chestnut trees grew in abundance, and whence

they were introduced into Europe. Cf. <er>Castanets</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The edible nut of a forest

tree (<spn>Castanea vesce</spn>) of Europe and America. Commonly

two or more of the nuts grow in a prickly bur.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The tree itself, or its light, coarse-grained

timber, used for ornamental work, furniture, etc.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A bright brown color, like that of the

nut.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The horse chestnut (often so used in

England).</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>One of the round, or oval, horny plates on the

inner sides of the legs of the horse, and allied animals.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>An old joke or story.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>



<cs><col>Chestnut tree</col>, <cd>a tree that bears

chestnuts.</cd></cs>



<hw>Chest"nut</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining of a

chestnut; of a reddish brown color; <as>as, <ex>chestnut</ex>

curls</as>.</def>



<hw>Che"tah</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Cheetah</er>.</def>



<hw>Chet"vert</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Russ.

<ets>chetverte</ets>.]</ety> <def>A measure of grain equal to

0.7218 of an imperial quarter, or 5.95 Winchester bushels.</def>

<mark>[Russia]</mark>



<hw>Chev"a*chie`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Chivachie</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Che"vage</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Chiefage</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Che*val"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Chevaux</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[F. See

<er>Cavalcade</er>.]</ety> <def>A horse; hence, a support or

frame.</def>



<cs><col>Cheval glass</col>, <cd>a mirror swinging in a frame,

and large enough to reflect the full leght figure.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Che*val"-de-frise"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

commonly used in the <plu>pl. <plw>Chevaux-de-frise</plw></plu>.

<ety>[F.; <ets>cheval</ets> horse + <ets>Frise</ets> Friesland,

where it was first used.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A piece of

timber or an iron barrel traversed with iron-pointed spikes or

spears, five or six feet long, used to defend a passage, stop a

breach, or impede the advance of cavalry, etc.</def>



<q>Obstructions of chain, boom, and

<xex>cheval-de-frise</xex>.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<hw>Che`va*lier"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.

LL. <ets>caballarius</ets>. See <er>Cavaller</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A horseman; a knight; a gallant young man.</def>

\'bdMount, <xex>chevaliers</xex>; to arms.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A member of certain orders of knighthood.</def>



<cs><col>\'d8Chevalier d'industrie</col> <pr>(<?/)</pr>

<ety>[F.]</ety>, <cd>one who lives by persevering fraud; a

pickpocket; a sharper.</cd> -- <col>The Chevalier St.

George</col> <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld>, <cd>James Francis Edward

Stuart (son of James II.), called \'bdThe Pretender.\'b8</cd> --

<col>The Young Chevalier</col>, <cd>Charles Edward Stuart, son of

the Chevalier St. George.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Che*vaux"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>See

<er>Cheval</er>.</def>



<hw>Cheve</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>chevir</ets>. See <er>Chievance</er>.]</ety> <def>To come to

an issue; to turn out; to succed; <as>as, to <ex>cheve</ex> well

in a enterprise</as>.</def> <mark>[Prov. or Obs.]</mark>



<au>Holland.</au>



<hw>\'d8Cheve*lure"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,

head of hair.]</ety> <def>A hairlike envelope.</def>



<q>The nucleus and <qex>chevelure</qex> of nebulous star.</q>

<qau>Sir. W. Hershel.</qau>



<hw>Chev"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>chevanne</ets>. <ets>Cf</ets>. <er>Chavender</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A river fish; the chub.</def>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Chev"en*tein</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A variant

of <er>Chieftain</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Chev"er*il</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>chevrel</ets>, F. <ets>chevreau</ets>, kid, dim. of

<ets>chevre</ets> goat, fr. L. <ets>capra</ets>. See

<er>Caper</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <def>Soft leather made of

kid skin. Fig.: Used as a symbol of flexibility.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Here's wit of <qex>cheveril</qex>, that stretches from an inch

narrow to an ell broad.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Chev"er*il</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Made of cheveril;

pliant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A <qex>cheveril</qex> conscience and a searching wit.</q>

<qau>Drayton.</qau>



<hw>Chev"er*li*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To

make as pliable as kid leather.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Br. Montagu.</au>



<hw>\'d8Che*vet"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., head

of the bed, dim. fr. <ets>chef</ets> head. See

<er>Chief</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The extreme end of

the chancel or choir; properly the round or polygonal part.</def>



<hw>Chev"i*ot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

valuable breed of mountain sheep in Scotland, which takes its

name from the Cheviot hills.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A woolen fabric, for men's clothing.</def>



<hw>Chev"i*sance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Of.

<ets>chevisance</ets>, <ets>chevissance</ets>, fr.

<ets>chevir</ets>come to an end, perform, fr. <ets>chef</ets>

head, end, from L. <ets>caput</ets> head. See <er>Chieve</er>,

<er>Chief</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Achievement; deed; performance.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Fortune, the foe of famous <qex>chevisance</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A bargain; profit; gain.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Piers Plowman.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A making

of contracts.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A bargain or contract; an

agreement about a matter in dispute, such as a debt; a business

compact.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>An unlawful agreement or

contract.</def>



<hw>Chev*rette"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.

<ets>ch\'82vre</ets> goat, fr. L. <ets>capra</ets>. Cf.

<er>Chevron</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A machine for

raising guns or mortar into their carriages.</def>



<hw>Chev"ron</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., rafter,

chevron, from <ets>ch\'82vre</ets> goat, OF. <ets>chevre</ets>,

fr. L. <ets>capra</ets> she-goat. See <er>Cheveril</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>One of the nine honorable

ordinaries, consisting of two broad bands of the width of the

bar, issuing, respectively from the dexter and sinister bases of

the field and conjoined at its center.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A distinguishing mark, above

the elow, on the sleeve of a noncommisioned officer's coat.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A zigzag molding, or group of

moldings, common in Norman architecture.</def>



<cs><col>Chevron bones</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>The V-shaped

subvertebral arches which inclose the caudal blood vessels in

some animals.</cd></cs>



<hw>Chev"roned</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. a.</pos> <def>Having a

chevron; decorated with an ornamental figure of a zigzag

from.</def>



<q>[A garment] whose nether parts, with their bases, were of

watchet cloth of silver, <qex>chevroned</qex> all over with

lace.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<hw>Chev"ron*el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A bearing like a chevron, but of only half

its width.</def>



<hw>Chev"ron*wise`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>In the manner of a chevron; <as>as, the

field may be divided <ex>chevronwise</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Chev`ro*tain"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>chevrotin</ets>, OF. <ets>chevrot</ets> little goat, roe,

dim. of <ets>chevre</ets> goat. See <er>Chevron</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small ruminant of the family

<xex>Tragulid\'91</xex> a allied to the musk deer. It inhabits

Africa and the East Indies. See <er>Kanchil</er>.</def>



<hw>Chev"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>See

<er>Chivy</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos></def> <mark>[Slang, Eng.]</mark>



<q>One poor fellow was <qex>chevied</qex> about among the casks

in the storm for ten minutes.</q>

<qau>London Times.</qau>



<hw>Chew</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Chewed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Chewing</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[As <ets>ce\'a2wan</ets>, akin to D. <ets>kauwen</ets>, G.

<ets>kauen</ets>. Cf. <er>Chaw</er>, <er>Jaw</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To bite and grind with the teeth; to

masticate.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To ruminate mentally; to meditate on.</def>



<q>He <qex>chews</qex> revenge, abjuring his offense.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<cs><col>To chew the cud</col>, <cd>to chew the food ocer again,

as a cow; to ruminate; hence, to meditate.</cd></cs>



<q>Every beast the parteth the hoof, and cleaveth the cleft into

two claws, and <qex>cheweth the cud</qex> among the beasts, that

ye shall eat.</q>

<qau>Deut. xxiv. 6.</qau>



<hw>Chew</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To perform the action of

biting and grinding with the teeth; to ruminate; to

meditate.</def>



<q>old politicians <qex>chew</qex> wisdom past.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<hw>Chew</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That which is chewed; that

which is held in the mouth at once; a cud.</def>

<mark>[Law]</mark>



<hw>Chew"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

chews.</def>



<hw>Chew"et</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A kind of meat pie.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Che"wink</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An american bird (<spn>Pipilo

erythrophthalmus</spn>) of the Finch family, so called from its

note; -- called also <altname>towhee bunting</altname> and

<altname>ground robin</altname>.</def>



<hw>Chey*ennes"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>; <sing>sing.

<singw>cheyenne</singw></sing>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A

warlike tribe of indians, related to the blackfeet, formerly

inhabiting the region of Wyoming, but now mostly on reservations

in the Indian Territory. They are noted for their

horsemanship.</def>



<hw>Chi"an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>chius</ets>, fr. <ets>Chios</ets> the island Chios, Gr.

<?/.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Chios, an island in the

\'92gean Sea.</def>



<cs><col>Chian earth</col>, <cd>a dense, compact kind of earth,

from Chios, used anciently as an astringent and a cosmetic.</cd>

-- <col>Chian turpentine</col>, <cd>a fragrant, almost

transparent turpentine, obtained from the <spn>Pistacia

Terebinthus</spn>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Chi*a`ros*cu"rist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

painter who cares for and studies light and shade rather than

color.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Chia`ro*scu"ro</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>\'d8Chi*a"ro-os*cu"ro</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw>

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It., clear dark.]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The

arrangement of light and dark parts in a work of art, such as a

drawing or painting, whether in monochrome or in color.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The art or practice of so arranging the light

and dark parts as to produce a harmonious effect.</def> Cf.

<er>Clair-obscur</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Chi"asm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>\'d8Chi*as"ma</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL. <ets>chiasma</ets>,

fr. Gr. <?/ two lines placed crosswise, fr. <?/ to mark with a

<chi/.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A commissure; especially,

the optic commissure, or crucial union of the optic nerves.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Chi*as"mal</wf> <pr>(<?/)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>.



<hw>\'d8Chi*as"mus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/ a placing crosswise, fr. <?/. See

<er>Chiasm</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>An inversion of

the order of words or phrases, when repeated or subsequently

referred to in a sentence</def>; thus,



<q>If e'er to bless thy sons

My <qex>voice</qex> or <qex>hands</qex> deny,

These <qex>hands</qex> let useful skill forsake,

This <qex>voice</qex> in silence die.</q>

<qau>Dwight.</qau>



<-- p. 247 -->



<hw>Chi*as"to*lite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

marked with a <chi/ + <ets>-lite</ets>. See <er>Chiasm</er>. So

called from the resemblance of the cross cuts of is crystals to

the Greek letter <chi/.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety

of andalusite; -- called also <altname>macle</altname>. The

tesselated apperance of a cross section is due to the symmetrical

arrangement of impurities in the crystal.</def>



<hw>Chib"bal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>See <er>Cibol</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Chi*bouque"</hw>, <hw>Chi*bouk"</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>chibouque</ets>, fr. 

Turk.]</ety> <def>A Turkish pipe, usually with a mouthpiece of

amber, a stem, four or five feet long and not pliant, of some

valuable wood, and a bowl of baked clay.</def>



<hw>\'d8Chic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<def>Good form; style.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>



<-- adj. in good form, stylish; in current fashion, fashionable.

-->



<hw>\'d8Chi"ca</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.]</ety>

<def>A red coloring matter. extracted from the <spn>Bignonia

Chica</spn>, used by some tribes of South American Indians to

stain the skin.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A fermented liquor or beer made in South

American from a decoction of maize.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A popular Moorish, Spanish, and South American

dance, said to be the original of the fandango, etc.</def>



<hw>Chi*cane"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., prob.

earlier meaning a <ets>dispute</ets>, orig. in the game of mall

(F. <er>mail</er>), fr. LGr. <?/ the game of mall, fr Pers

<ets>chaug\'ben</ets> club or bat; or possibly ultimated fr. L.

<ets>ciccus</ets> a trible.]</ety> <def>The use of artful

subterfuge, designed to draw away attention from the merits of a

case or question; -- specifically applied to legal proceedings;

trickery; chicanery; caviling; sophistry.</def>



<au>Prior.</au>



<q>To shuffle from them by <qex>chicane</qex>.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<q>To cut short this, I propound it fairly to your own

canscience.</q>

<qau>Berkeley.</qau>



<hw>Chi*cane"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>chicaner</ets>. See <er>Chicane</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<def>To use shifts, cavils, or artifices.</def>



<au>Burke.</au>



<hw>Chi*can"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>chicaneur</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who uses chicanery.</def>



<au>Locke.</au>



<hw>Chi*can"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>chicanerie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Mean or unfair artifice to

perplex a cause and obscure the truth; stratagem; sharp practice;

sophistry.</def>



<q>Irritated by perpetual <qex>chicanery</qex>.</q>

<qau>Hallam.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Trickery; sophistry; stratagem.</syn>



<hw>Chi"co*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Chicory</er>.</def>



<hw>Chich</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Chiches</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>. <ety>[F. <ets>chiche</ets>,

<ets>pois chiche</ets>, a dwarf pea, from L. <ets>cicer</ets> the

chick-pea.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The chick-pea.</def>



<hw>\'d8Chi"cha</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.]</ety>

<def>See <er>Chica</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Chiche"vache`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>chiche</ets> lean + <ets>vache</ets> cow.]</ety> <def>A

fabulous cow of enormous size, whose food was patient wives, and

which was therefore in very lean condition.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Chich"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Chich"ling

vetch`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Chich</ets> + <ets>-ling</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A leguminous plant (<spn>Lathyrus

sativus</spn>), with broad flattened seeds which are sometimes

used for food.</def>



<hw>Chick</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>chykkyn</ets>, <ets>chyke</ets>, <ets>chicken</ets>.]</ety>

<def>To sprout, as seed in the ground; to vegetate.

<xex>Chalmers</xex>.</def>



<hw>Chick</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A chicken.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A child or young person; -- a term of

endearment.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Chick"a*bid`dy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

chicken; a fowl; also, a trivial term of endearment for a

child.</def>



<hw>Chick"a*dee`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small bird, the blackcap titmouse

(<spn>Parus atricapillus</spn>), of North America; -- named from

its note.</def>



<hw>Chick"a*ree`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The American red squirrel

<fld>(Sciurus Hudsonius)</fld>; -- so called from its cry.</def>



<hw>Chick"a*saws</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>;

<sing>sing. <singw>Chickasaw</singw></sing>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld>

<def>A trible of North American Indians (Southern Appalachian)

allied to the Choctaws. They formerly occupied the northern part

of Alabama and Mississippi, but now live in the Indian

Territory.</def>



<hw>Chick"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>cicen</ets>, <ets>cyceun</ets>, dim. of <ets>coc</ets> cock;

akin to LG. <ets>kiken</ets>, <ets>k\'81ken</ets>, D.

<ets>Kieken</ets>, <ets>kuiken</ets>, G. <ets>k\'81chkein</ets>.

See <er>Cock</er> the animal.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A young

bird or fowl, esp. a young barnyard fowl.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A young person; a child; esp. a young woman; a

maiden.</def> \'bdStella is no <xex>chicken</xex>.\'b8



<au>Swift.</au>



<cs><col>Chicken cholera</col>, <cd>a contagious disease of

fowls; -- so called because first studied during the prevalence

of a cholera epidemic in France. It has no resemblance to true

cholera.</cd></cs>



<hw>Chick"en-breast`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Having a narrow, projecting chest, caused by forward

curvature of the vertebral column.</def>



<hw>Chick"en-heart`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Timid; fearful; cowardly.</def>



<au>Bunyan.</au>



<hw>Chick"en pox"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A

mild, eruptive disease, generally attacking children only;

varicella.</def>



<hw>Chick"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Chick</ets>+<ets>-ling</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small

chick or chicken.</def>



<hw>Chick"-pea`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Chich</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A Small

leguminous plant (<spn>Cicer arietinum</spn>) of Asia, Africa,

and the sounth of Europe; the chick; the dwarf pea; the

gram.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Its nutritious seed, used in cookery, and

especially, when roasted (parched pulse), as food for travelers

in the Eastern deserts.</def>



<hw>Chick"weed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The name of several caryophyllaseous

weeds, especially <xex>Stellaria media</xex>, the seeds and

flower buds of which are a favorite food of small birds.</def>



<hw>Chick"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A chicken; --

used as a diminutive or pet name, especially in calling

fowls.</def>



<hw>Chic"o*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>chicor\'82e</ets>, earlier also <ets>cichor\'82e</ets>, L.

<ets>cichorium</ets>, fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, <ets><?/</ets>,

<ets>Cf</ets>. <er>Succory</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A branching perennial plant

(<spn>Cichorium Intybus</spn>) with bright blue flowers, growing

wild in Europe, Asia, and America; also cultivated for its roots

and as a salad plant; succory; wild endive. See

<er>Endive</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The root, which is roasted for mixing with

coffe.</def>



<hw>Chide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<ety>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Chid</er> <pr>(?)</pr>, or

<er>Chode</er> <mark>(Obs.)</mark>; <pos>p. p.</pos>

<er>Chidden</er> <pr>(?)</pr>, <er>Chid</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Chiding</er>.]</ety> <ety>[AS. <ets>c\'c6dan</ets>;

of unknown origin.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To rebuke; to reprove;

to scold; to find fault with.</def>



<q>Upbraided, <qex>chid</qex>, and rated at.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: To be noise about; to chafe against.</def>



<q>The sea that <qex>chides</qex> the banks of England.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><mcol><col>To chide hither</col>, <col>chide from</col>, <or/ 

<col>chide away</col></mcol>, <cd>to cause to come, or to drive

away, by scolding or reproof.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- To blame; rebuke; reprove; scold; censure; reproach;

reprehend; reprimand.</syn>



<hw>Chide</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To utter words

of disapprobation and displeasure; to find fault; to contend

angrily.</def>



<q>Wherefore the people did <qex>chide</qex> with Moses.</q>

<qau>Ex. xvii. 2.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make a clamorous noise; to chafe.</def>



<q>As doth a rock againts the <qex>chiding</qex> flood.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Chide</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>c\'c6d</ets>]</ety>

<def>A continuous noise or murmur.</def>



<q>The <qex>chide</qex> of streams.</q>

<qau>Thomson.</qau>



<hw>Chid"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who chides

or quarrels.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Chid"er*ess</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>She who chides.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Chide"ster</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Chide</ets> + <ets>-ster</ets>.]</ety> <def>A female

scold.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Chid"ing*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

chiding or reproving manner.</def>



<hw>Chief</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>chief</ets>, <ets>chef</ets>, OF. chief, F. <ets>chef</ets>,

fr. L. <ets>caput</ets> head, possibly akin to E.

<ets>head</ets>. Cf. <er>Captain</er>, <er>Chapter</er>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The head or leader of any body of men; a

commander, as of an army; a head man, as of a tribe, clan, or

family; a person in authority who directs the work of others; the

pricipal actio or agent.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The principal part; the most valuable

portion.</def>



<q>The <qex>chief</qex> of the things which should be utterly

destroyed.1.</q>

<qau>Sam. xv. 21</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>The upper third part of the

field. It is supposed to be composed of the dexter, sinister, and

middle chiefs.</def>



<cs><col>In chief</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> At the head; as, a

commander <xex>in chief<xex>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld>

From the king, or sovereign; as, tenure <xex>in chief<xex>,

tenure directly from the king.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Chieftain; captain; general; commander; leader;

head; principal; sachem; sagamore; sheik.</syn> <usage> --

<er>Chief</er>, <er>chieftain</er>, <er>Commander</er>,

<er>Leader</er>. These words fluctuate somewhat in their meaning

according to circumstances, but agree in the general idea of rule

and authority. The term <xex>chief</xex> is now more usually

applied to one who is a head man, leader, or commander in civil

or military affairs, or holds a hereditary or acquired rank in a

tribe or clan; as, the <xex>chief</xex> of police; the

<xex>chief</xex> of an Indian tribe. A <xex>chieftain</xex> is

the chief of a clan or tribe , or a military leader. A

<xex>commander</xex> directs the movements of or has control over

a body of men, as a military or naval force. A <xex>leader</xex>

is one whom men follow, as in a political party, a legislative

body, a military or scientific expedition, etc., one who takes

the command and gives direction in particular

enterprises.</usage>



<hw>Chief</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Highest in office

or rank; principal; head.</def> \'bd<xex>Chief</xex> rulers.\'b8



<au>John. xii. 42.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Principal or most eminent in any quality or

action; most distinguished; having most influence; taking the

lead; most important; <as>as, the <ex>chief</ex> topic of

conversation; the <ex>chief</ex> interest of man.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Very intimate, near, or close.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A whisperer separateth <qex>chief</qex> friends.</q>

<qau>Prov. xvi. 28.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Principal; head; leading; main; paramount; supreme;

prime; vital; especial; great; grand; eminent; master.</syn>



<hw>Chief"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>chevage</ets>, fr. <ets>chief</ets> head. See

<er>Chief</er>.]</ety> <def>A tribute by the head; a capitation

tax.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>chevage</asp> and

<asp>chivage</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Chief" bar"on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld>

<def>The presiding judge of the court of exchequer.</def>



<hw>Chief"est</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Superl. of

<er>Chief</er>.]</ety> <def>First or foremost; chief;

principal.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> \'bdOur

<xex>chiefest</xex> courtier.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>The <qex>chiefest</qex> among ten thousand.</q>

<qau>Canticles v. 10.</qau>



<hw>Chief" hare`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

small rodent (<spn>Lagamys princeps</spn>) inhabiting the summits

of the Rocky Mountains; -- also called <altname>crying

hare</altname>, <altname>calling hare</altname>,

<altname>cony</altname>, <altname>American pika</altname>, and

<altname>little chief hare</altname>.</def>



<note><hand/ It is not a true hare or rabbit, but belongs to the

curious family <spn>Lagomyid\'91</spn>.</note>



<hw>Chief" jus"tice</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>The presiding

justice, or principal judge, of a court.</def>



<cs><col>Lord Chief Justice of England</col>, <cd>The presiding

judge of the Queen's Bench Division of the High Court of Justice.

The highest judicial officer of the realm is the Lord High

Chancellor.</cd> -- <col>Chief Justice of the United

States</col>, <cd>the presiding judge of the Supreme Court, and

Highest judicial officer of the republic.</cd></cs>



<hw>Chief"-jus"tice*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The office of

chief justice.</def>



<q>Jay selected the <qex>chief-justiceship</qex> as most in

accordance with his tastes.</q>

<qau>The Century.</qau>



<hw>Chief"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without a

chief or leader.</def>



<hw>Chief"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>In the first place; principally; pre\'89minently; above;

especially.</def>



<q>Search through this garden; leave unsearched no nook;

But <qex>chiefly</qex> where those two fair creatures lodge.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>For the most part; mostly.</def>



<q>Those parts of the kingdom where the . . . estates of the

dissenters <qex>chiefly</qex> lay.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<hw>Chief"rie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A small rent

paid to the lord paramount.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>Chief"tain</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>cheftayn</ets>, <ets>chevetayn</ets>, OF.

<ets>chevetain</ets>, F. <ets>capitaine</ets>, LL.

<ets>capitanus</ets>, fr. L. <ets>caput</ets> head. Cf.

<er>Captain</er>, and see <er>chief</er>.]</ety> <def>A captain,

leader, or commander; a chief; the head of a troop, army, or

clan.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Chief; commander; leader; head. See

<er>Chief</er>.</syn>



<mhw>{ <hw>Chief"tain*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Chief"tain*ship</hw>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>The rank,

dignity, or office of a chieftain.</def>



<hw>Chier"te</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>chert\'82</ets>. See <er>Charity</er>.]</ety> <def>Love;

tender regard.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Chiev"ance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>chevance</ets> property, equiv. To <ets>chevisance</ets>,

fr. <ets>chevir</ets> to accomplish. See

<er>Chevisance</er>.]</ety> <def>An unlawful bargain; traffic in

which money is exported as discount.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Chieve</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>See

<er>Cheve</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Chiff"-chaff</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[So

called from its note.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species

of European warbler (<spn>Sylvia hippolais</spn>); -- called also

<altname>chip-chap</altname>, and

<altname>pettychaps</altname>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Chif`fo*nier"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>fem.</pos>

<hw>Chif`fo</hw>-<hw>ni\'8are"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw>

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>chiffonnier</ets>, fem.

<ets>chiffonni\'8are</ets>, fr. <ets>chiffon</ets> rag, fr.

<ets>chiffe</ets> a rag, fimsy cloth.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

who gathers rags and odds and ends; a ragpicker.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A receptacle for rags or shreds.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A movable and ornamental closet or piece of

furniture with shelves or drawers.</def>



<au>G. Eliot.</au>



<hw>\'d8Chi"gnon</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,

prop. equiv. to <ets>cha\'8cnon</ets> link, fr.

<ets>cha\'8cne</ets> chain, fr. L. <ets>catena</ets> Cf.

<er>Chain</er>.]</ety> <def>A knot, boss, or mass of hair,

natural or artificial, worn by a woman at the back of the

head.</def>



<q>A curl that had strayed from her <qex>chignon</qex>.</q>

<qau>H. James.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Chig"oe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Chig"re</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>chigue</ets>, perh. fr. Catalan <ets>chic</ets> small, Sp.

<ets>chico</ets>; or of Peruvian origin.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species of flea (<spn>Pulex

penetrans</spn>), common in the West Indies and South America,

which often attacks the feet or any exposed part of the human

body, and burrowing beneath the skin produces great irritation.

When the female is allowed to remain and breed, troublesome sores

result, which are sometimes dangerous. See <er>Jigger</er>.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>chegre</asp>, <asp>chegoe</asp>,

<asp>chique</asp>, <asp>chigger</asp>,

<asp>jigger</asp>.]</altsp>



<note><hand/ The name is sometimes erroneously given to certain

mites or ticks having similar habits.</note>



<hw>\'d8Chi*ka"ra</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Hind.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The

Ingoat antelope (<spn>Tragops Bennettii</spn>) Of India.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The Indian four-horned antelope

(<spn>Tetraceros quadricornis</spn>).</def>



<hw>Chil"blain`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Chill</ets> + <ets>Blain</ets>.]</ety> <def>A blain,

sore, or inflammatory swelling, produced by exposure of the feet

or hands to cold, and attended by itching, pain, and sometimes

ulceration.</def>



<hw>Chil"blain`</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To produce chilblains

upon.</def>



<hw>Child</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Children</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[AS.

<ets>cild</ets>, pl. <ets>cildru</ets>; cf. Goth.

<ets>kil\'edei</ets> womb, <ets>in-kil\'ed\'d3</ets> with

child.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A son or a daughter; a male or

female descendant, in the first degree; the immediate progeny of

human parents; -- in <xex>law</xex>, legitimate offspring. Used

also of animals and plants.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A descendant, however remote; -- used esp. in

the plural; <as>as, the <ex>children</ex> of Israel; the

<ex>children</ex> of Edom.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>One who, by character of practice, shows signs

of relationship to, or of the influence of, another; one closely

connected with a place, occupation, character, etc.; <as>as, a

<ex>child</ex> of God; a <ex>child</ex> of the devil; a

<ex>child</ex> of disobedience; a <ex>child</ex> of toil; a

<ex>child</ex> of the people.</as></def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A noble youth. See <er>Childe</er>.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A young person of either sex. esp. one between

infancy and youth; hence, one who exhibits the characteristics of

a very young person, as innocence, obedience, trustfulness,

limited understanding, etc.</def>



<q>When I was <qex>child</qex>. I spake as a <qex>child</qex>, I

understood as a <qex>child</qex>, I thought as a

<qex>child</qex>; but when I became a man, I put away childish

things.</q>

<qau>1. Cor.  xii. 11.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A female infant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A boy or a <qex>child</qex>, I wonder?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>To be with child</col>, <cd>to be pregnant.</cd> --

<col>Child's play</col>, <cd>light work; a trifling

contest.</cd></cs>



<hw>Child</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Childed</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n</pos>.

<er>Childing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To give birth; to produce

young.</def>



<q>This queen Genissa <qex>childing</qex> died.</q>

<qau>Warner.</qau>



<q>It chanced within two days they <qex>childed</qex> both.</q>

<qau>Latimer.</qau>



<hw>Child"bear`ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act

of producing or bringing forth children; parturition.</def>



<au>Milton. Addison.</au>



<hw>Child"bed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of

a woman bringing forth a child, or being in labor;

parturition.</def>



<hw>Child"birth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of

bringing forth a child; travail; labor.</def>



<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>



<hw>Child"crow`ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The crowing noise made by children

affected with spasm of the laryngeal muscles; false croup.</def>



<hw>Childe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A cognomen

formerly prefixed to his name by the oldest son, until he

succeeded to his ancestral titles, or was knighted; <as>as,

<ex>Childe</ex> Roland</as>.</def>



<hw>Child"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Furnished with

a child.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Chil"dermas day`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[AS.

<ets>cildam\'91sse-d\'91g</ets>; <ets>cild</ets> child 

+<ets>d\'91g</ets> day.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A day

(December 28) observed by mass or festival in commemoration of

the children slain by Herod at Bethlehem; -- called also

<altname>Holy Innocent's Day</altname>.</def>



<-- p. 248 -->



<hw>Child"hood</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>cildh\'bed</ets>; <ets>cild</ets> child +

<ets>-h\'bed</ets>. See <er>Child</er>, and <er>hood</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The state of being a child; the time in which

persons are children; the condition or time from infancy to

puberty.</def>



<q>I have walked before you from my <qex>childhood</qex>.</q>

<qau>1. Sam. xii. 2.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Children, taken collectively.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>The well-governed <qex>childhood</qex> of this realm.</q>

<qau>Sir. W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The commencement; the first period.</def>



<q>The <qex>childhood</qex> of our joy.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>Second childhood</col>, <cd>the state of being feeble

and incapable from old age.</cd></cs>



<hw>Child"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Child</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <def>Bearing Children;

<mark>(Fig.)</mark> productive; fruitful.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Child"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of, pertaining

to, befitting, or resembling, a child.</def>

\'bd<xex>Childish</xex> innocence.\'b8



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Peurile; trifling; weak.</def>



<q>Methinks that simplicity in her countenance is rather

<qex>childish</qex> than innocent.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<note><hand/ <xex>Childish</xex>, as applied tc persons who are

grown up, is in a disparaging sense; as, a <xex>childish</xex>

temper.</note>



<hw>Child"ish*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In the manner of a

child; in a trifling way; in a weak or foolish manner.</def>



<hw>Child"ish*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or quality

of being childish; simplicity; harmlessness; weakness of

intellect.</def>



<hw>Child"less*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being

childless.</def>



<hw>Child"like</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Resembling a

child, or that which belongs to children; becoming a child; meek;

submissive; dutiful.</def> \'bd<xex>Childlike</xex>

obedience.\'b8



<au>Hooker.</au>



<note><hand/ <xex>Childlike</xex>, as applied to persons grown

up, is commonly in a good sense; as, <xex>childlike</xex> grace

or simplicity; <xex>childlike</xex> modesty.</note>



<hw>Child"ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having tthe character of a

child; belonging, or appropriate, to a child.</def>



<au>Gower.</au>



<hw>Child"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Like a child.</def>



<au>Mrs. Browning.</au>



<hw>Child"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The manner characteristic

of a child.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdVarying

<xex>childness</xex>.\'b8

<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Chil"dren</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<def><pos>pl.<pos> of <er>Child</er>.</def>



<hw>Child"ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or relation of

being a child.</def>



<hw>Chil"i</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.

<ets>chili</ets>, <ets>chile</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of red

pepper. See <er>Capsicum</er></def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>chilli</asp> and <asp>chile</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Chil"i*ad</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

<?/, fr. <?/ a thousand.]</ety> <def>A thousand; the aggregate of

a thousand things; especially, a period of a thousand

years.</def>



<q>The world, then in the seventh <qex>chiliad</qex>, will be

assumed up unto God.</q>

<qau>Sir. T. More.</qau>



<hw>Chil"i*a*gon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/;

<?/ a thousand + <?/ angle.]</ety> <def>A plane figure of a

thousand angles and sides.</def>



<au>Barlow.</au>



<hw>Chil"i*a*hedron</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ a thousand + <?/ base, fr. <?/ to sit.]</ety> <def>A figure

bounded by a thousand plane surfaces</def> <altsp>[Spelt also

<asp>chilia\'89dron</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Chil"i*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Chili.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> A native

or citizen of Chili.</def></def2>



<mhw>{ <hw>Chil"i*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Chil"i*arch`</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/; <?/ a

thousand + <?/ leader, <?/ to lead.]</ety> <def>The commander or

chief of a thousand men.</def>



<hw>Chil"i*arch`y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/.]</ety> <def>A body consisting of a thousand men.</def>



<au>Mitford.</au>



<hw>Chil"i*asm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

fr. <?/. See Chiliad.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

millennium.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The doctrine of the personal reign of Christ on

earth during the millennium.</def>



<hw>Chil"i*ast</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/.

See <er>Chiliasm</er>.]</ety> <def>One who believes in the second

coming of Christ to reign on earth a thousand years; a

milllenarian.</def>



<hw>Chili*astic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Millenarian.</def> \'bdThe obstruction offered by the

<xex>chiliastic</xex> errors.\'b8



<au>J. A. Alexander.</au>



<hw>Chill</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>cele</ets>, <ets>cyle</ets>, from the same root as

<ets>celan</ets>, <ets>calan</ets>, to be cold; akin to D.

<ets>kil</ets> cold, coldness, Sw. <ets>kyla</ets> to chill, and

E. <ets>cool</ets>. See <er>Cold</er>, and cf.

<er>Cool</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A moderate but disagreeable degree of cold; a

disagreeable sensation of coolness, accompanied with

shivering.</def> \'bd[A] wintry <xex>chill</xex>.\'b8

<au>W. Irving.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A sensation of cold with

convulsive shaking of the body, pinched face, pale skin, and blue

lips, caused by undue cooling of the body or by nervous

excitement, or forming the precursor of some constitutional

disturbance, as of a fever.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A check to enthusiasm or warmth of feeling;

discouragement; <as>as, a <ex>chill</ex> comes over an

assemblly</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>An iron mold or portion of a mold, serving to

cool rapidly, and so to harden, the surface of molten iron

brought in contact with it.</def>



<au>Raymond.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The hardened part of a casting, as the tread of

a car wheel.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<cs><col>Chill and fever</col>, <cd>fever and ague.</cd></cs>



<hw>Chill</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Moderately cold;

tending to cause shivering; chilly; raw.</def>



<q>Noisome winds, and blasting vapors <qex>chill</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Affected by cold.</def> \'bdMy veins are

<xex>chill</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Characterized by coolness of manner, feeling,

etc.; lacking enthusiasm or warmth; formal; distant; <as>as, a

<ex>chill</ex> reception</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Discouraging; depressing; dispiriting.</def>



<hw>Chill</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Chilled</er> <pr>(ch\'ccld)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Chilling</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

strike with a chill; to make chilly; to cause to shiver; to

affect with cold.</def>



<q>When winter <qex>chilled</qex> the day.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To check enthusiasm or warmth of feeling of; to

depress; to discourage.</def>



<q>Every thought on God <qex>chills</qex> the gayety of his

spirits.</q>

<qau>Rogers.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>To produce, by sudden

cooling, a change of crystallization at or near the surface of,

so as to increase the hardness; said of cast iron.</def>



<hw>Chill</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>To

become surface-hardened by sudden cooling while solidifying;

<as>as, some kinds of cast iron <ex>chill</ex> to a greater depth

than others</as>.</def>



<hw>Chilled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Hardened on the surface or edge by chilling; <as>as,

<ex>chilled</ex> iron; a <ex>chilled</ex> wheel.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>Having that cloudiness or

dimness of surface that is called

\'bd<xex>blooming</xex>.\'b8</def>



<hw>Chil"li</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Chili</er>.</def>



<hw>Chill"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A state or sensation of being chilly; a disagreeable

sensation of coldness.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A moderate degree of coldness; disagreeable

coldness or rawness; <as>as, the <ex>chilliness</ex> of the

air</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Formality; lack of warmth.</def>



<hw>Chill"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Making chilly

or cold; depressing; discouraging; cold; distant; <as>as, a

<ex>chilling</ex> breeze; a <ex>chilling</ex> manner.</as></def>



-- <wordforms><wf>Chill"ing"ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Chill"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Coolness; coldness; a

chill.</def>



<q>Death is the <qex>chillness</qex> that precedes the dawn.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<hw>Chill"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Moderately

cold; cold and raw or damp so as to cause shivering; causing or

feeling a disagreeable sensation of cold, or a shivering.</def>



<hw>Chi"log*nath</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A myriapod of the order

Chilognatha.</def>



<hw>\'d8Chi*log"na*tha</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ lip + <?/ Jaw.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the two principal orders of

myriapods. They have numerous segments, each bearing two pairs of

small, slender legs, which are attached ventrallly, near

together.</def>



<hw>Chi*lo"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr.

<?/ lip, fr. <?/ lip. See <er>-oma</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The tumid upper lip of certain

mammals, as of a camel.</def>



<hw>Chi"lo*pod</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A myriapod of the order

Chilopoda.</def>



<hw>\'d8Chi*lop"o*da</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ lip + <ets>-poda</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the orders of myriapods,

including the centipeds. They have a single pair of elongated

legs attached laterally to each segment; well developed jaws; and

a pair of thoracic legs converted into poison fangs. They are

insectivorous, very active, and some species grow to the length

of a foot.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Chi*los"to*ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Chi*lo*stom"a*ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ + <?/, <?/, outh.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An extensive suborder of marine

Bryozoa, mostly with calcareous shells. They have a movable lip

and a lid to close the aperture of the cells.</def> <altsp>[Also

written <asp>Chillostomata</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Chi`lo*stoma*tous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the

Chilostoma.</def>



<hw>Chiltern Hundreds</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[<ets>AS</ets>.

<ets>Chiltern</ets> the Chiltern, high hills in Buckinghamshire,

perh. Fr. <ets>ceald</ets> cold + <ets>ern</ets>,

<ets>\'91rn</ets>, place.]</ety> <def>A tract of crown land in

Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire, England, to which is attached

the nominal office of steward. As members of Parliament cannot

resign, when they wish to go out they accept this stewardship,

which legally vacates their seats.</def>



<hw>\'d8Chi*m\'91"ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.

See <er>Chimera</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

cartilaginous fish of several species, belonging to the order

Holocephali. The teeth are few and large. The head is furnished

with appendages, and the tail terminates in a point.</def>



<hw>Chi*m\'91"roid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Chim\'91ra</ets> + <ets>old</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Related to, or like, the

chim\'91ra.</def>



<hw>Chi*man"go</hw> <ety>[Native name]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A south American carrion buzzard

(<spn>Milvago chimango</spn>). See <er>Caracara</er>.</def>



<hw>Chimb</hw> <pr>(ch\'c6m)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>cim</ets>, in <ets>cimst\'ben</ets> base of a pillar; akin

to D. <ets>kim</ets>, f. Sw. <ets>kim</ets>., G. <ets>kimme</ets>

f.]</ety> <def>The edge of a cask, etc; a chine. See

<er>Chine</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 3.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>hime</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Chimb</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>Chime.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Chime</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Chimb</er>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Chine</er>, <pos>n.</pos>,

3.</def>



<hw>Chime</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>chimbe</ets>, prop., cymbal, OF. <ets>cymbe</ets>,

<ets>cymble</ets>, in a dialectic form, <ets>chymble</ets>, F.

<ets>cymbale</ets>, L. <ets>cymbalum</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/. See

<er>Cymbal</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The harmonious sound of

bells, or of musical instruments.</def>



<q>Instruments that made melodius <qex>chime</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A set of bells musically tuned to each other;

specif., in the <pluf>pl.</pluf>, the music performed on such a

set of bells by hand, or produced by mechanism to accompany the

striking of the hours or their divisions.</def>



<q>We have heard the <qex>chimes</qex> at midnight.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Pleasing correspondence of proportion, relation,

or sound.</def> \'bd<xex>Chimes</xex> of verse.\'b8



<au>Cowley.</au>



<hw>Chime</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Chimed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Chiming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Chime</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To sound in harmonious

accord, as bells.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be in harmony; to agree; to sut; to

harmonize; to correspond; to fall in with.</def>



<q>Everything <qex>chimed</qex> in with such a humor.</q>

<qau>W. irving.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To join in a conversation; to express assent; --

followed by <xex>in</xex> or <xex>in with</xex>.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To make a rude correspondence of sounds; to

jingle, as in rhyming.</def>



<au>Cowley</au>



<hw>Chime</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

cause to sound in harmony; to play a tune, as upon a set of

bells; to move or strike in harmony.</def>



<q>And <qex>chime</qex> their sounding hammers.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To utter harmoniously; to recite

rhythmically.</def>



<q><qex>Chime</qex> his childish verse.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<hw>Chim"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

chimes.</def>



<hw>Chime"ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Chimeras</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L.

<ets>chimaera</ets> a chimera (in sense 1), Gr. <?/ a she-goat, a

chimera, fr. <?/ he-goat; cf. Icel. <ets>qymbr</ets> a yearling

ewe.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Myth.)</fld> <def>A monster

represented as vomiting flames, and as having the head of a lion,

the body of a goat, and the tail of a dragon.</def> \'bdDire

<xex>chimeras</xex> and enchanted isles.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A vain, foolish, or incongruous fancy, or

creature of the imagination; <as>as, the <ex>chimera</ex> of an

author</as>.</def>



<au>Burke.</au>



<hw>Chi*mere"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>chamarre</ets>., F. <ets>simarre</ets> (cf. It.

<ets>zimarra</ets>), fr. Sp. <ets>chamarra</ets>,

<ets>zamarra</ets>, a coat made of sheepskins, a sheepskin, perh.

from Ar. <ets>samm\'d4r</ets> the Scythian weasel or marten, the

sable. Cf. <er>Simarre</er>.]</ety> <def>The upper robe worn by a

bishop, to which lawn sleeves are usually attached.</def>



<au>Hook.</au>



<hw>Chi*mer"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Chimerical.</def>



<hw>Chi*mer"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Merely

imaginary; fanciful; fantastic; wildly or vainly conceived;

having, or capable of having, no existence except in thought;

<as>as, <ex>chimerical</ex> projects</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Imaginary; fanciful; fantastic; wild; unfounded;

vain; deceitful; delusive.</syn>



<hw>Chi*mer"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Wildy; vainly;

fancifully.</def>



<hw>Chim"i*nage</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>cheminage</ets>, fr. <ets>chemin</ets> way, road.]</ety>

<fld>(Old Law)</fld> <def>A toll for passage through a

forest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Cowell.</au>



<hw>Chim"ney</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Chimneys</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[F. <ets>chemin\'82e</ets>, LL.

<ets>caminata</ets>, fr. L. <ets>caminus</ets> furnace,

fireplace, Gr. <?/ furnace, oven.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

fireplace or hearth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir W. Raleigh.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That part of a building which contains the smoke

flues; esp. an upright tube or flue of brick or stone, in most

cases extending through or above the roof of the building. Often

used instead of <xex>chimney shaft</xex>.</def>



<q>Hard by a cottage <qex>chimney</qex> smokes.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A tube usually of glass, placed around a flame,

as of a lamp, to create a draft, and promote combustion.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A body of ore, usually of

elongated form, extending downward in a vein.</def>



<au>Raymond.</au>



<cs><col>Chimney board</col>, <cd>a board or screen used to close

a fireplace; a fireboard.</cd> -- <col>Chimney cap</col>, <cd>a

device to improve the draught of a chimney, by presenting an exit

aperture always to leeward.</cd> -- <col>Chimney corner</col>,

<cd>the space between the sides of the fireplace and the fire;

hence, the fireside.</cd> -- <col>Chimney hook</col>, <cd>a hook

for holding pats and kettles over a fire,</cd> -- <col>Chimney

money</col>, <cd>hearth money, a duty formerly paid in England

for each chimney.</cd> -- <col>Chimney pot</col>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a cylinder of earthenware or sheet metal

placed at the top of a chimney which rises above the roof.</cd>

-- <col>Chimney swallow</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<cd><sd>(a)</sd> An American swift (<spn>Ch\'91ture

pelasgica</spn>) which lives in chimneys. <sd>(b)</sd> In

England, the common swallow (<spn>Hirundo rustica</spn>).</cd> --

<mcol><col>Chimney sweep</col>, <col>Chimney

sweeper</col></mcol>, <cd>one who cleans chimneys of soot; esp. a

boy who climbs the flue, and brushes off the soot.</cd></cs>



<hw>Chim"ney-breast`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The horizontal projection of a chimney

from the wall in which it is built; -- commonly applied to its

projection in the inside of a building only.</def>



<hw>Chim"ney-piece`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A decorative construction around the

opning of a fireplace.</def>



<hw>Chim*pan"zee</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From the

native name: cf. F. <ets>chimpanz\'82</ets>,

<ets>chimpans\'82</ets>, <ets>chimpanz\'82e</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An african ape (<spn>Anthropithecus

troglodytes</spn> <--, Pan troglodytes-->or <spn>Troglodytes

niger</spn>) which approaches more nearly to man, in most

respects, than any other ape. When full grown, it is from three

to four feet high.</def>



<hw>Chin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>cin</ets>, akin to OS. <ets>kin</ets>, G <ets>kinn</ets>,

Icel. <ets>kinn</ets>, cheek, Dan. & Sw. <ets>kind</ets>, L.

<er>gena</er>, Gr. <?/; cf. Skr. <ets>hanu</ets>. 

\'fb232.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The lower extremity of the face

below the mouth; the point of the under jaw.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The exterior or under

surface embraced between the branches of the lower jaw bone, in

birds.</def>



<hw>Chi"na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

country in Eastern Asia.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>China ware, which is the modern popular term for

porcelain. See <er>Porcelain</er>.</def>



<cs><col>China aster</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a well-known

garden flower and plant. See <er>Aster</er>.</cd> -- <col>China

bean</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bean</er>, 1.</cd> -- <col>China

clay</col> <cd>See <er>Kaolin</er>.</cd> -- <col>China

grass</col>, <cd>Same as <er>Ramie</er>.</cd> -- <col>China

ink</col>. <cd>See <er>India ink</er>.</cd> -- <col>China

pink</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an anual or biennial species of

<spn>Dianthus</spn> (<spn>D. Chiensis</spn>) having variously

colored single or double flowers; Indian pink.</cd> -- <col>China

root</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>the rootstock of a species of

<spn>Smilax</spn> (<spn>S. China</spn>, from the East Indies; --

formerly much esteemed for the purposes that sarsaparilla is now

used for. Also the galanga root (from <spn>Alpinia Gallanga</spn>

and <spn>Alpinia officinarum</spn>). -- <col>China rose</col>.

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A popular name for several

free-blooming varieties of rose derived from the <xex>Rosa

Indica<xex>, and perhaps other species.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A

flowering hothouse plant (<spn>Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis</spn>) of

the Mallow family, common in the gardens of China and the east

Indies.</cd> -- <col>China shop</col>, <cd>a shop or store for

the sale of China ware or of crockery.</cd> -- <col>China

ware</col>, <cd>porcelain; -- so called in the 17th century

because brought from the far East, and differing from the pottery

made in Europa at that time; also, loosely, crockery in

general.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Pride of China</col>, <col>China

tree</col></mcol>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See

<er>Azedarach</er>.</cd></cs>



<-- p. 249 -->



<hw>Chin*al"dine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.

<ets>chinium</ets> quinine + <ets>aldehyde</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Quinaldine</er>.</def>



<hw>Chi"na*man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Chinamen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>A native of China;

a Chinese.</def>



<hw>Chin"ca*pin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Chinquapin</er>.</def>



<hw>Chinch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Sp.

<ets>chinche</ets>, fr. L. <er>cimex</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The bedbug (<spn>Cimex

lectularius</spn>).</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bug (<spn>Blissus

leucopterus</spn>), which, in the United States, is very

destructive to grass, wheat, and other grains; -- also called

<altname>chiniz</altname>, <altname>chinch bug</altname>,

<altname>chink bug</altname>. It resembles the bedbug in its

disgusting odor.</def>



<hw>Chin"cha</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Chinchilla</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A south

American rodent of the genus <spn>Lagotis</spn>.</def>



<hw>Chinche</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>chiche</ets> miserly.]</ety> <def>Parsimonious;

niggardly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Chinch"er*ie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Penuriousness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>By cause of his skarsete and <qex>chincherie</qex>.</q>

<qau>Caucer.</qau>



<hw>Chin*chil"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Sp.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small

rodent (<spn>Chinchilla lanigera</spn>), of the size of a large

squirrel, remarkable for its fine fur, which is very soft and of

a pearly gray color. It is a native of Peru and Chili.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The fur of the chinchilla.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A heavy, longnapped, tufted woolen cloth.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Chin*cho"na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Chin*co"na</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>. }</mhw><def>See <er>Cinchona</er>.</def>



<hw>Chin" cough"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[For <ets>chink

cough</ets>; cf. As. <ets>cincung</ets> long laughter, Scot.

<ets>kink</ets> a violent fit of coughing, akin to MHG.

<ets>k\'c6chen</ets> to pant. Cf. <er>Kinknaust</er>,

<er>Cough</er>.]</ety> <def>Whooping cough.</def>



<hw>Chine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Chink</er>.]</ety> <def>A chink or cleft; a narrow and deep

ravine; <as>as, Shanklin <ex>Chine</def></ex> in the Isle of

Wight, a quarter of a mile long and 230 feet deep</as>.

<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> \'bdThe cottage in a

<xex>chine</xex>.\'b8



<au>J. Ingelow.</au>



<hw>Chine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[OF.

<ets>eschine</ets>, F. <ets>\'82chine</ets>, fr. OHG.

<ets>skina</ets> needle, prickle, shin, G. <ets>schiene</ets>

splint, <ets>schienbein</ets> shin. For the meaning cf. L.

<ets>spina</ets> thorn, prickle, or spine, the backbone. Cf.

<er>Shin</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The backbone or spine of

an animal; the back.</def> \'bdAnd <xex>chine</xex> with rising

bristles roughly spread.\'b8



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A piece of the backbone of an animal, with the

adjoining parts, cut for cooking. <note>[See <xex>Illust</xex>.

of <er>Beef</er>.]</note></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The edge or rim of a cask, etc., formed by the

projecting ends of the staves; the chamfered end of a

stave.</def>



<hw>Chine</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Chined</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To cut through the backbone of; to cut into chine

pieces.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Too chamfer the ends of a stave and form the

chine..</def>



<hw>Chined</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Pertaining to, or having, a chine, or backbone; -- used in

composition.</def>



<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Broken in the back.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>He's <qex>chined</qex>, goodman.</q>

<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>



<hw>Chi"nese"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to China; peculiar to China.



<cs><col>Chinese paper</col>. <cd>See <cref>India paper</cref>,

under <er>India</er>.</cd> -- <col>Chinese wax</col>, <cd>a

snowy-wgite, waxlike substance brought from China. It is the

bleached secretion of certain insects of the family

<spn>Coccid\'91</spn> especially <spn>Coccus

Sinensis</spn>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Chi*nese"</hw>, <pos>n. sing. & pl.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

native or natives of China, or one of that yellow race with

oblique eyelids who live principally in China.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <singf>sing.</singf> <def>The language of China,

which is monosyllabic.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Chineses</xex> was used as a plural by the

contemporaries of Shakespeare and Milton.</note>



<hw>Chink</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>chine</ets>, AS. <ets>c\'c6ne</ets> fissure, chink, fr.

<ets>c\'c6nan</ets> to gape; akin to Goth. <ets>Keinan</ets> to

sprout, G. <ets>keimen</ets>. Cf. <er>Chit</er>.]</ety> <def>A

small cleft, rent, or fissure, of greater length than breadth; a

gap or crack; <as>as, the <ex>chinks</ex> of wall</as>.</def>



<q>Through one cloudless <qex>chink</qex>, in a black, stormy

sky.

Shines out the dewy morning star.

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Chink</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Chinked</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Chinking</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To crack; to

open.</def>



<hw>Chink</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cause to

open in cracks or fissures.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To fill up the chinks of; <as>as, to

<ex>chink</ex> a wall</as>.</def>



<hw>Chink</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Of imitative origin. Cf.

<er>Jingle</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A short, sharp sound, as

of metal struck with a slight degree of violence.</def>

\'bd<xex>Chink</xex> of bell.\'b8



<au>Cowper.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Money; cash.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark> \'bdTo

leave his <xex>chink</xex> to better hands.\'b8



<au>Somerville.</au>



<hw>Chink</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cause to make a sharp

metallic sound, as coins, small pieces of metal, etc., by

bringing them into collision with each other.</def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>Chink</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To make a slight, sharp,

metallic sound, as by the collision of little pieces of money, or

other small sonorous bodies.</def>



<au>Arbuthnot.</au>



<hw>Chink"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of chinks

or fissures; gaping; opening in narrow clefts.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Chinned</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a chin;

-- used chiefly in compounds; <as>as,

short-<ex>chinned</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Chi*noid"ine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.

<ets>chin</ets>ium quinine (cf. G. & F. <ets>china</ets> Peruvian

bark) + <ets>--oil</ets> + <ets>-ine</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Quinodine</er>.</def>



<hw>Chin"o*line</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.

<ets>chin</ets>ium quinine (see <er>Chinoldine</er>) + L.

<ets>ol</ets>eum oil + <ets>-ine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>See <er>Quinoline</er>.</def>



<hw>Chi"none</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.

<ets>chin</ets>ium quinine (see <er>Chinoidine</er>.) +

<ets>-one</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See

<er>Quinone</er>.</def>



<hw>Chi*nook"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>One of a tribe of North American

Indians now living in the state of Washington, noted for the

custom of flattening their skulls. Chinooks also called

<altname>Flathead Indians</altname>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A warm westerly wind from the country of the

Chinooks, sometimes experienced on the slope of the Rocky

Mountains, in Montana and the adjacent territory.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A jargon of words from various languages (the

largest proportion of which is from that of the Chinooks)

generally understood by all the Indian tribes of the northwestern

territories of the United States.</def>



<hw>Chin"qua*pin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A branching, nut-bearing tree or shrub

(<spn>Castanea pumila</spn>) of North America, from six to twenty

feet high, allied to the chestnut. Also, its small, sweet, edible

nat.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>chincapin</asp> and

<asp>chinkapin</asp>.]</altsp>



<cs><col>Chinquapin oak</col>, <cd>a small shrubby oak

(<spn>Quercus prinoides</spn>) of the Atlantic States, with

edible acorns.</cd> -- <col>Western Chinquapin</col>, <cd>an

evergreen shrub or tree (<spn>Castanopes chrysophylla</spn>) of

the Pacific coast. In California it is a shrub; in Oregon a tree

30 to 125 feet high.</cd></cs>



<hw>Chinse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Chinsed</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Chinsing</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To thrust

oakum into (seams or chinks) with a chisel , the point of a

knife, or a chinsing iron; to calk slightly.</def>



<cs><col>Chinsing iron</col>, <cd>a light calking iron.</cd></cs>



<hw>Chintz</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Chintzes</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[Hindi

<ets>ch\'c6nt</ets> spotted cotton clooth, <ets>ch\'c6nt\'be

spot</ets>.]</ety> <def>Cotton cloth, printed with flowers and

other devices, in a number of different colors, and often

glazed.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>Chiop*pine"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Chopine</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def>



<hw>Chip</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Chipped</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Chipping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>kippen</ets> to

cut off the edge, to clip, pare. Cf. <er>Chop</er> to cut.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To cut small pieces from; to diminsh or reduce

to shape, by cutting away a little at a time; to hew.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To break or crack, or crack off a portion of, as

of an eggshell in hatching, or a piece of crockery.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To bet, as with chips in the game of

poker.</def>



<cs><col>To chip in</col>, <cd>to contribute, as to a fund; to

share in the risks or expenses of. <mark>[Slang. U.

S.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Chip</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To break or fly off in small

pieces.</def>



<hw>Chip</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A piece of wood,

stone, or other substance, separated by an ax, chisel, or cutting

instrument.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A fragment or piece broken off; a small

piece.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Wood or Cuban palm leaf split into slips, or

straw plaited in a special manner, for making hats or

bonnets.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Anything dried up, withered, or without flavor;

-- used contemptuously.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>One of the counters used in poker and other

games.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The triangular piece of wood

attached to the log line.</def>



<cs><col>Buffalo chips</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Buffalo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Chip ax</col>, <cd>a small ax for

chipping timber into shape.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Chip bonnet</col>,

<col>Chip hat</col></mcol>, <cd>a bonnet or a hat made of Chip.

See <er>Chip</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 3.</cd> -- <col>A chip off the

old block</col>, <cd>a child who resembles either of his

parents.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> <au>Milton</au>.-

<mcol><col>Potato chips</col>, <col>Saratoga chips</col><mcol>,

<cd>thin slices of raw potato fried crisp.</cd></cs>



<hw>Chip"munk`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Indian

name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A squirrel-like animal of

the genus <spn>Tamias</spn>, sometimes called the <xex>striped

squirrel</xex>, <xex>chipping squirrel</xex>, <xex>ground

squirrel</xex>, <xex>hackee</xex>. The common species of the

United States is the <spn>Tamias striatus</spn>.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>chipmonk</asp>, <asp>chipmuck</asp>,

and <asp>chipmuk</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Chip"per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<ety>[<pos>Cf.</pos> <er>Cheep</er>, <er>Chirp</er>.]</ety>

<def>To chirp or chirrup.</def> <mark>[ Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<au>Forby.</au>



<hw>Chip"per</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Lively; cheerful;

talkative.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>



<hw>Chip"pe*ways</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>;

<sing>sing. <singf>Chippeway</singf></sing>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld>

<def>A tribe of Indians formerly inhabiting the northern and

weastern shores of Lake Superior; -- called also

<altname>Objibways</altname>.</def>



<hw>Chip"ping</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

chip; a piece separated by a cutting or graving instrument; a

fragment.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act or process of cutting or breaking off

small pieces, as in dressing iron with a chisel, or reducing a

timber or block of stone to shape.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The breaking off in small pieces of the edges of

potter's ware, porcelain, etc.</def>



<hw>Chip"ping bird`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>The chippy.</def>



<hw>Chip"ping squir"rel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>See

<er>Chipmunk</er>.</def>



<hw>Chip"py</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Abounding in,

or resembling, chips; dry and tasteless.</def>



<hw>Chip"py</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small American sparrow

(<spn>Spizella socialis</spn>), very common near dwelling; --

also called <altname>chipping bird</altname> and

<altname>chipping sparrow</altname>, from its simple note.</def>



<hw>Chips</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<def>A ship's carpenter.</def> <mark>[Cant.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Chi*ra"gra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.

Gr. <?/; <?/ hand + <?/ seizure.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>Gout in the hand.</def>



<hw>Chi*rag"ric*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

the gout in the hand, or subject to that disease.</def>



<au>Sir. T. Browne.</au>



<hw>\'d8Chi*ret"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Hind.

<ets>chir\'be\'c6t\'be</ets>.]</ety> <def>A plant (<spn>Agathotes

Chirayta</spn>) found in Northern India, having medicinal

properties to the gentian, and esteemed as a tonic and

febrifuge.</def>



<hw>Chirk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Chirp</er>, also <er>Creak</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

shriek; to gnash; to utter harsh or shrill cries.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>All full of <qex>chirkyng</qex> was that sorry place.</q>

<qau>Cheucer.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To chirp like a bird.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Chirk</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cheer; to enliven;

<as>as, to <ex>chirk</ex> one up</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq. New

Eng. ]</mark>



<hw>Chirk</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From <er>Chirk</er>, <pos>v.

i.</pos>]</ety> <def>Lively; cheerful; in good spirits.</def>

<mark>[Colloq. New Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Chirm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf. AS.

<ets>cyrman</ets>, <ets>cirman</ets>, to cry out. \'fb24 Cf.

<er>Chirp</er>.]</ety> <def>To chirp or to make a mournful cry,

as a bird.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Huloet.</au>



<hw>Chi*rog"no*my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

hand + <?/ understanding.]</ety> <def>The art of judging

character by the shape and apperance of the hand.</def>



<hw>Chi"ro*graph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

written with the hand; <?/ hand + <?/ to write.]</ety> <fld>(Old.

Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A writing which, reguiring a

counterpart, was engrossed twice on the same piece of parchment,

with a space between, in which was written the word

<xex>chirographum</xex>, through which the parchment was cut, and

one part given to each party. It answered to what is now called a

<xex>charter party</xex>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The last part

of a fine of land, commonly called the <xex>foot</xex> of the

fine.</def>



<au>Bouvier.</au>



<hw>Chi*rog"ra*pher</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who practice the art or business of writing or

engrossing.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>See <er>chirographist</er>, 2.</def>



<cs><col>Chirographer of fines</col> <fld>(Old Eng. Law)</fld>,

<cd>an officer in the court of common pleas, who engrossed

fines.</cd></cs>



<mhw>{ <hw>Chi`ro*graph"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Chi`ro*graph"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Of or pertaining to chirography.</def>



<hw>Chi*rog"ra*phist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A chirographer; a writer or engrosser.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who tells fortunes by examining the

hand.</def>



<hw>Chi*rog"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The art of writing or engrossing; handwriting; <as>as,

skilled in <ex>chirography</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The art of telling fortunes by examining the

hand.</def>



<hw>Chi`ro*gym"nast</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ hand + <?/  trainer of athletes, gymnast.]</ety> <def>A

mechanocal contrivance for exercesing the fingers of a

pianist.</def>



<hw>Chi`ro*log"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Relating to chirology.</def>



<hw>Chi*rol"o*gist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

communicates thoughts by signs made with the hands and

fingers.</def>



<hw>Chi*rol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

hand + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art or practice of using

the manual alphabet or of communicating thoughts by sings made by

the hands and fingers; a substitute for spoken or written

language in intercourse with the deaf and dumb. See

<er>Dactylalogy</er>.</def>



<hw>Chi"ro*man`cer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

practices chiromancy.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Chi"ro*mancy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

hand + <ets>-mancy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art or practice of

foretelling events, or of telling the fortunes or the disposition

of persons by inspecting the hand; palmistry.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Chi"ro*man`ist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Chi"ro*man`tist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A chiromancer.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Chi`ro*man"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Chi`ro*man"tic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Of or pertaining to chiromancy.</def>



<hw>Chi`ro*mon"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Relating

to chironomy.</def>



<hw>Chi*ron"o*my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/;

<?/ hand + <?/ to manage.]</ety> <def>The art of moving the hands

in oratory or in pantomime; gesture</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Chi"ro*plast</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

formed by hand; <?/ hand + <?/ to shape.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>

<def>An instrument to guid the hands and fingers of pupils in

playing on the piano, etc.</def>



<hw>Chi*rop"o*dist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

hand + <?/; <?/, foot.]</ety> <def>One who treats diseases of the

hands and feet; especially, one who removes corns and

bunions.</def>



<hw>Chirop"ody</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The art of

treating diseases of the hands and feet.</def>



<hw>Chiros"ophist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

hand + <?/ skillful, wise. See <er>Sophist</er>.]</ety> <def>A

fortune teller.</def>



<hw>Chirp</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Chirped</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Chirping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Of imitative orgin. Cf.

<er>Chirk</er>, <er>Chipper</er>, <er>Cheep</er>, <er>Chirm</er>,

<er>Chirrup</er>.]</ety> <def>To make a shop, sharp, cheerful, as

of small birds or crickets.</def>



<hw>Chirp</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A short, sharp note, as of a

bird or insect.</def> \'bdThe <qex>chirp</qex> of flitting

bird.\'b8



<au>Bryant.</au>



<hw>Chirp"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

chirps, or is cheerful.</def>



<hw>Chirp"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Cheering;

enlivening.</def>



<q>He takes his <qex>chirping</qex> pint, he cracks his

jokes.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<hw>Chirp"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a chirping

manner.</def>



<hw>Chirre</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf. G.

<ets>girren</ets>, AS. <ets>corian</ets> to murmur, complain.

\'fb24.]</ety> <def>To coo, as a pigeon.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Chir"rup</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Chirruped</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Chirruping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See

<er>Chirp</er>.]</ety> <def>To quicken or animate by chirping; to

cherup.</def>



<hw>Chir"rup</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To chirp.</def>



<au>Tennyson.</au>



<q>The criket <qex>chirrups</qex> on the hearth.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<hw>Chir"rup</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of chirping; a

chirp.</def>



<q>The sparrows' <qex>chirrup</qex> on the roof.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Chir"rupy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Cheerful;

joyous; chatty.</def>



<hw>Chi*rur"geon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>chirurgien</ets>, from <ets>chirurgie</ets> surgery, fr. Gr.

<?/, fr. <?/ working or operating with the hand; <?/ hand + <?/

work. Cf. <er>Surgeon</er>, <er>Work</er>.]</ety> <def>A

surgeon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Chi*rur"geon*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Surgically.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Chi*rur"ger*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Chirurgeon</er>, and cf. <er>Surgery</er>.]</ety>

<def>Surgery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>Chi*rur"gic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Chirur"gical</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>chirurgique</ets>rurgical, L. <ets>Chirurgicus</ets>, Gr.

<?/. See <er>Chirurgeon</er>, and cf. <er>Surgical</er>.]</ety>

<def>Surgical</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

\'bd<xex>Chirurgical</xex> lore\'b8



<au>Longfellow.</au>



<-- p. 250 -->



<hw>Chis"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>chisel</ets>, F. <ets>ciseau</ets>, fr. LL.

<ets>cisellus</ets>, prob. for <ets>caesellus</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>caesus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>caedere</ets> to cut. Cf.

<er>Scissors</er>.]</ety> <def>A tool with a cutting edge on one

end of a metal blade, used in dressing, shaping, or working in

timber, stone, metal, etc.; -- usually driven by a mallet or

hammer.</def>



<cs><col>Cold chisel</col>. <cd>See under <er>Cold</er>,

<pos>a.</pos></cd></cs>



<hw>Chis"el</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Chiseled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>, or <er>Chiselled</er>

(<?/); <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Chiseling</er>, or

<er>Chiselling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>ciseler</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cut, pare, gouge,

or engrave with a chisel; <as>as, to <ex>chisel</ex> a block of

marble into a statue</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cut close, as in a bargain; to cheat.</def>

<mark>[Slang]</mark>



<hw>Chis"leu</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Heb.]</ety>

<def>The ninth month of the Jewish ecclesiastical year, answering

to a part of November with a part of December.</def>



<hw>Chis"ley</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>ceosel</ets> gravel or sand. Cf. <er>Chessom</er>.]</ety>

<def>Having a large admixture of small pebbles or gravel; -- said

of a soil.</def>



<au>Gardner.</au>



<hw>Chit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. AS.

<ets>c\'c6<?/</ets> shoot, sprig, from the same root as

<ets>c\'c6nan</ets> to yawn. See <er>Chink</er> a cleft.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The embryo or the growing bud of a plant; a

shoot; a sprout; <as>as, the <ex>chits</ex> of Indian corn or of

potatoes</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A child or babe; <as>as, a forward

<ex>chit</ex></as>; also, a young, small, or insignificant person

or animal.</def>



<q>A little <qex>chit</qex> of a woman.</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An excrescence on the body, as a wart.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A small tool used in cleaving laths.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Chit</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To shoot out; to

sprout.</def>



<q>I have known barley <qex>chit</qex> in seven hours after it

had been thrown forth.</q>

<qau>Mortimer.</qau>



<hw>Chit</hw>, <pos>3d sing.</pos> of <er>Chide</er>.

<def>Chideth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Chit"chat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Chat</er>, by way of reduplication.]</ety> <def>Familiar or

trifling talk; prattle.</def>



<hw>Chi"tin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Chiton</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white amorphous

horny substance forming the harder part of the outer integument

of insects, crustacea, and various other invertebrates;

entomolin.</def>



<hw>Chi`ti*ni*za"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

process of becoming chitinous.</def>



<hw>Chi"ti*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having the

nature of chitin; consisting of, or containing, chitin.</def>



<hw>\'d8Chi"ton</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a

chiton (in sense 1).]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An under garment

among the ancient Greeks, nearly representing the modern

shirt.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a group of

gastropod mollusks, with a shell composed of eight movable dorsal

plates. See <er>Polyplacophora</er>.</def>



<hw>Chit"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Chatter</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To chirp in a tremulous

manner, as a bird.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To shiver or chatter with cold.</def>

<mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<au>Burns.</au>



<hw>Chit"ter*ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The frill

to the breast of a shirt, which when ironed out resembled the

small entrails. See <er>Chitterlings</er>.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Gascoigne.</au>



<hw>Chit"ter*lings</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

AS. <ets>cwi\'ed</ets> womb, Icel. <ets>kvi\'eb</ets>, Goth.

<ets>qi\'edus</ets>, belly, womb, stomach, G. <ets>kutteln</ets>

chitterlings.]</ety> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>The smaller

intestines of swine, etc., fried for food.</def>



<hw>\'d8Chit"tra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Native

Indian name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The axis deer of

India.</def>



<hw>Chit"ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Full of chits or sprouts.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Childish; like a babe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Chiv"a*chie`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>chevauchie</ets>, <ets>chevauch\'82e</ets>; of the same

origin as E. <ets>cavalcade</ets>.]</ety> <def>A cavalry raid;

hence, a military expedition.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Chiv"al*ric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Chivalry</er>.]</ety> <def>Relating to chivalry; knightly;

chivalrous.</def>



<hw>Chiv"al*rous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>chevalerus</ets>, <ets>chevalereus</ets>, fr.

<ets>chevalier</ets>. See <er>Chivalry</er>.]</ety>

<def>Pertaining to chivalry or knight-errantry; warlike; heroic;

gallant; high-spirited; high-minded; magnanimous.</def>



<q>In brave pursuit of <qex>chivalrous</qex> emprise.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Chiv"al*rous*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a chivalrous

manner; gallantly; magnanimously.</def>



<hw>Chiv"al*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>chevalerie</ets>, fr. <ets>chevalier</ets> knight, OF.,

horseman. See <er>Chevalier</er>, and cf.

<er>Cavalry</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A body or order of

cavaliers or knights serving on horseback; illustrious warriors,

collectively; cavalry.</def> \'bdHis Memphian

<xex>chivalry</xex>.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<q>By his light

Did all the <qex>chivalry</qex> of England move,

To do brave acts.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The dignity or system of knighthood; the spirit,

usages, or manners of knighthood; the practice of

knight-errantry.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The qualifications or character of knights, as

valor, dexterity in arms, courtesy, etc.</def>



<q>The glory of our Troy this day doth lie

On his fair worth and single <qex>chivalry</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A tenure of lands by

knight's service; that is, by the condition of a knight's

performing service on horseback, or of performing some noble or

military service to his lord.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Exploit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir P. Sidney.</au>



<cs><col>Court of chivalry</col>, <cd>a court formerly held

before the lord high constable and earl marshal of England as

judges, having cognizance of contracts and other matters relating

to deeds of arms and war.</cd></cs>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<hw>Chive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A filament of a stamen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Chive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>cive</ets>, fr. L. <ets>cepa</ets>, <ets>caepa</ets>, onion.

Cf. <er>Cives</er>, <er>Cibol</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A perennial plant (<spn>Allium Sch\'d2noprasum</spn>),

allied to the onion. The young leaves are used in omelets,

etc.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>cive</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Chiv"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Chivied</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Chivying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. <er>Chevy</er>.]</ety>

<def>To goad, drive, hunt, throw, or pitch.</def> <mark>[Slang,

Eng.]</mark>



<au>Dickens.</au>



<hw>Chlam"y*date</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>chlamydatus</ets> dressed in a military cloak. See

<er>Chlamys</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a

mantle; -- applied to certain gastropods.</def>



<hw>Chlam"y*phore</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

cloak + <?/ to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small

South American edentate (<spn>Chlamyphorus truncatus</spn>, and

<spn>C. retusus</spn>) allied to the armadillo. It is covered

with a leathery shell or coat of mail, like a cloak, attached

along the spine.</def>



<hw>\'d8Chla"mys</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.

<plw>Chlamyses</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, L. <plw>Chlamydes</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L., from Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A loose

and flowing outer garment, worn by the ancient Greeks; a kind of

cloak.</def>



<hw>\'d8Chlo*as"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

to be green.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A cutaneous affection

characterized by yellow or yellowish brown pigmented spots.</def>



<hw>Chlo"ral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Chlor</ets>ine + <ets>al</ets>cohol.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless oily liquid,

<chform>CCl3.CHO</chform>, of a pungent odor and harsh taste,

obtained by the action of chlorine upon ordinary or ethyl

alcohol.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Chloral hydrate.</def>



<cs><col>Chloral hydrate</col>, <cd>a white crystalline

substance, obtained by treating chloral with water. It produces

sleep when taken internally or hypodermically; -- called also

<altname>chloral</altname>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Chlo"ral*am`ide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Chloral</ets> + <ets>amide</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound of chloral and formic amide

used to produce sleep.</def>



<hw>Chlo"ral*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A morbid condition of the system resulting

from excessive use of chloral.</def>



<hw>Chlor`al"um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Chlor</ets>ine + <ets>alum</ets>inium.]</ety> <def>An

impure aqueous solution of chloride of aluminium, used as an

antiseptic and disinfectant.</def>



<hw>Chlor`an"il</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Chlor</ets>ine + <ets>anil</ets>ine.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellow crystalline substance,

<chform>C6Cl4.O2</chform>, regarded as a derivative of quinone,

obtained by the action of chlorine on certain benzene

derivatives, as aniline.</def>



<hw>Chlo"rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>chlorate</ets>. See <er>Chlorine</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of chloric acid; <as>as,

<ex>chlorate</ex> of potassium</as>.</def>



<hw>Chlor`au"rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Chlor</ets>ine + <ets>aurate</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Aurochloride</er>.</def>



<hw>Chlor`hy"dric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Chlor</ets>ine + <ets>hydr</ets>ogen +

<ets>-ic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as

<er>Hydrochloric</er>.</def>



<hw>Chlor`hy"drin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of a class of compounds formed from

certain polybasic alcohols (and especially glycerin) by the

substitution of chlorine for one or more hydroxyl groups.</def>



<hw>Chlo"ric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Chlorine</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or obtained from,

chlorine; -- said of those compounds of chlorine in which this

element has a valence of five, or the next to its highest;

<as>as, <ex>chloric</ex> acid, <chform>HClO3</chform></as>.</def>



<cs><col>Chloric ether</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>ethylene

dichloride. See <cref>Dutch liquid</cref>, under

<er>Dutch</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Chlo"ri*date</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v.t.</pos> <def>To treat

or prepare with a chloride, as a plate with chloride of silver,

for the purposes of photography.</def>



<au>R. Hunt.</au>



<hw>Chlo"ride</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>A binary compound of chlorine with another element or

radical; <as>as, <ex>chloride</ex> of sodium (common

salt)</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Chloride of ammonium</col>, <cd>sal ammoniac.</cd> --

<col>Chloride of lime</col>, <cd>bleaching powder; a grayish

white substance, CaOCl<?/, used in bleaching and disinfecting; --

called more properly <xex>calcium hypochlorite<xex>. See

<cref>Hypochlorous acid</cref>, under <er>Hypochlorous</er>.</cd>

-- <col>Mercuric chloride</col>, <cd>corrosive

sublimate.</cd></cs>



<hw>Chlo*rid"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to a chloride; containing a chloride.</def>



<hw>Chlo"rid*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>See

<er>Chloridate</er>.</def>



<hw>Chlo*rim"e*try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Chlorometry</er>.</def>



<hw>Chlo"rin*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Chlorinated</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Chlorinating</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To

treat, or cause to combine, with chlorine.</def>



<hw>Chlo`ri*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act

or process of subjecting anything to the action of chlorine;

especially, a process for the extraction of gold by exposure of

the auriferous material to chlorine gas.</def>



<hw>Chlo"rine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ pale

green, greenish yellow. So named from its color. See

<er>Yellow</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of the

elementary substances, commonly isolated as a greenish yellow

gas, two and one half times as heavy as air, of an intensely

disagreeable suffocating odor, and exceedingly poisonous. It is

abundant in nature, the most important compound being common

salt. It is powerful oxidizing, bleaching, and disinfecting

agent. Symbol Cl. Atomic weight, 35.4.</def>



<cs><col>Chlorine family</col>, <cd>the elements fluorine,

chlorine, bromine, and iodine, called the <xex>halogens<xex>, and

classed together from their common peculiariries.</cd></cs>



<hw>Chlor`i*od"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Compounded of chlorine and iodine; containing chlorine and

iodine.</def>



<hw>Chlor`i"o*dine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

compound of chlorine and iodine.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Chlo"rite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ (sc.

<?/), fr. <?/ light green.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>The name

of a group of minerals, usually of a green color and micaceous to

granular in structure. They are hydrous silicates of alumina,

iron, and magnesia.</def>



<cs><col>Chlorite slate</col>, <cd>a schistose or slaty rock

consisting of alumina, iron, and magnesia.</cd></cs>



<hw>Chlo"rite</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Chlor</ets>ous +

<ets>-ite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Any salt of

chlorous acid; <as>as, <ex>chlorite</ex> of sodium</as>.</def>



<hw>Chlo*rit"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From 1st

<er>Chlorite</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or containing,

chlorite; <as>as, <ex>chloritic</ex> sand</as>.</def>



<hw>Chlor`meth"ane</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless gas, <chform>CH3Cl</chform>,

of a sweet odor, easily condensed to a liquid; -- called also

<altname>methyl chloride</altname>.</def>

<-- Also chloromethane. b. p. -23.7<deg/ C.  It is sold as a

liquid under pressure, and used to rapidly chill skin (so as to

prevent swelling after an injury); in this fashion it also serves

as a local anaesthetic.  It chills by the cooling effect of the

rapid evaporation of the liquid form, applied directly to the

skin.

  Also used as a refrigerant. -->



<hw>Chlo"ro-</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A prefix

denoting that <xex>chlorine</xex> is an ingredient in the

substance named.</def>



<hw>Chlo`ro*cru"o*rin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ light green + E. <ets>cruorin</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A green substance, supposed to be the

cause of the green color of the blood in some species of

worms.</def>



<au>Ray Lankester.</au>



<hw>Chlo"ro*dyne</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<ets>chlor</ets>ine, in imitation of ano<ets>dyne</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A patent anodyne medicine, containing

opium, chloroform, Indian hemp, etc.</def>



<hw>Chlo"ro*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Chlor</ets>ine + <ets>form</ets>yl, it having been

regarded as a trichloride of this radical: cf. F.

<ets>chloroforme</ets>, G. <ets>chloroform</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless volatile liquid,

<chform>CHCl3</chform>, having an ethereal odor and a sweetish

taste, formed by treating alcohol with chlorine and an alkali. It

is a powerful solvent of wax, resin, etc., and is extensively

used to produce an\'91sthesia in surgical operations; also

externally, to alleviate pain.</def>



<hw>Chlo"ro*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Chloroformed</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Chloroforming</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To treat with

chloroform, or to place under its influence.</def>



<hw>Chlo`ro*leu"cite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ light green + E. <ets>leucite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Same as <er>Chloroplastid</er>.</def>



<hw>Chlo*rom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>chlorom\'8atre</ets>. See <er>Chlorine</er>, and

<er>-meter</er>.]</ety> <def>An instrument to test the decoloring

or bleaching power of chloride of lime.</def>



<hw>Chlo*rom"e*try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

process of testing the bleaching power of any combination of

chlorine.</def>



<hw>Chlo*ro"pal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

light green + E. <ets>opal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A

massive mineral, greenish in color, and opal-like in appearance.

It is essentially a hydrous silicate of iron.</def>



<hw>Chlo`ro*pep"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Chlor</ets>ine + <ets>peptic</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to an acid more

generally called <xex>pepsin-hydrochloric acid</xex>.</def>



<hw>Chlo"ro*phane</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

light green + <?/ to show: cf. F. <ets>chlorophane</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of fluor spar,

which, when heated, gives a beautiful emerald green light.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The yellowish green

pigment in the inner segment of the cones of the retina. See

<er>Chromophane</er>.</def>



<hw>Chlo"ro*phyll</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

light green + <?/ leaf: cf. F. <ets>chlorophylle</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Literally, leaf green; a green granular

matter formed in the cells of the leaves (and other parts exposed

to light) of plants, to which they owe their green color, and

through which all ordinary assimilation of plant food takes

place. Similar chlorophyll granules have been found in the

tissues of the lower animals.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>chlorophyl</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Chlo`ro*plas"tid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ light green + E. <ets>plastid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A granule of chlorophyll; -- also called

<altname>chloroleucite</altname>.</def>



<hw>Chlo`ro*pla*tin"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Platinichloric</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Chlo*ro"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/ light green: cf. F. <ets>chlorose</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The green sickness; an

an\'91mic disease of young women, characterized by a greenish or

grayish yellow hue of the skin, weakness, palpitation, etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A disease in plants, causing

the flowers to turn green or the leaves to lose their normal

green color.</def>



<hw>Chlo*rot"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>chlorotique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or affected

by, chlorosis.</def>



<hw>Chlo"rous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Chlorine</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of, pertaining to, or

derived from, chlorine; -- said of those compounds of chlorine in

which this element has a valence of three, the next lower than in

chloric compounds; <as>as, <ex>chlorous</ex> acid,

<chform>HClO2</chform></as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Chem. Physics)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or

resembling, the electro-negative character of chlorine; hence,

electro-negative; -- opposed to <xex>basylous</xex> or

<xex>zincous</xex>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Chlor`pi"crin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A heavy, colorless liquid,

<chform>CCl3.NO2</chform>, of a strong pungent odor, obtained by

subjecting picric acid to the action of chlorine.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>chloropikrin</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Chlo"ru*ret</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>chlorure</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A

chloride.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Choak</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <def>See

<er>Choke</er>.</def>



<hw>Cho"a*noid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

funnel + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>Funnel-shaped; -- applied particularly to a hollow muscle

attached to the ball of the eye in many reptiles and

mammals.</def>



<hw>Cho"card</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The chough.</def>



<hw>Chock</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Chocked</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Chocking</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To stop or fasten, as with a

wedge, or block; to scotch; <as>as, to <ex>chock</ex> a wheel or

cask</as>.</def>



<hw>Chock</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To fill up, as a

cavity.</def> \'bdThe woodwork . . . exactly <xex>chocketh</xex>

into joints.\'b8



<au>Fuller.</au>



<hw>Chock</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A wedge, or block

made to fit in any space which it is desired to fill, esp.

something to steady a cask or other body, or prevent it from

moving, by fitting into the space around or beneath it.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A heavy casting of metal,

usually fixed near the gunwale. It has two short horn-shaped arms

curving inward, between which ropes or hawsers may pass for

towing, mooring, etc.</def>



<hw>Chock</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Entirely;

quite; <as>as, <ex>chock</ex> home; <ex>chock</ex>

aft.</as></def>



<hw>Chock</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>choquer</ets>. Cf.

<er>Shock</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>To encounter.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Chock</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An encounter.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Chock"a*block</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Hoisted as high as the tackle will admit;

brought close together, as the two blocks of a tackle in

hoisting.</def>



<hw>Chock"-full`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Quite

full; choke-full.</def>



<hw>Choc"o*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp., fr.

the Mexican name of the cacao. Cf. <er>Cacao</er>,

<er>Cocoa</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A paste or cake composed

of the roasted seeds of the <xex>Theobroma Cacao</xex> ground and

mixed with other ingredients, usually sugar, and cinnamon or

vanilla.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The beverage made by dissolving a portion of the

paste or cake in boiling water or milk.</def>



<cs><col>Chocolate house</col>, <cd>a house in which customers

may be served with chocolate.</cd> -- <col>Chocolate nut</col>.

<cd>See <er>Cacao</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Choc"taws</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos><def>;

<xex>sing</xex>. <er>Choctaw</er>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> A tribe

of North American Indians (Southern Appalachian), in early times

noted for their pursuit of agriculture, and for living at peace

with the white settlers. They are now one of the civilized tribes

of the Indian Territory.</def>



<hw>Chode</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def>the old <xex>imp</xex>. of

<xex>chide</xex>. See <er>Chide</er>.</def>



<hw>Chog"set</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Cunner</er>.</def>



<-- p. 251 -->



<hw>Choice</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>chois</ets>, OF. <ets>chois</ets>, F. <ets>choix</ets>, fr.

<ets>choisir</ets> to choose; of German origin; cf. Goth.

<ets>kausjan</ets> to examine, <ets>kiusan</ets> to choose,

examine, G. <ets>kiesen</ets>. \'fb46. Cf.

<er>Choose</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Act of choosing; the

voluntary act of selecting or separating from two or more things

that which is preferred; the determination of the mind in

preferring one thing to another; election.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The power or opportunity of choosing;

option.</def>



<q><qex>Choice</qex> there is not, unless the thing which we take

be so in our power that we might have refused it.</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Care in selecting; judgment or skill in

distinguishing what is to be preferred, and in giving a

preference; discrimination.</def>



<q>I imagine they [the apothegms of C\'91sar] were collected with

judgment and <qex>choice</qex>.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A sufficient number to choose among.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The thing or person chosen; that which is

approved and selected in preference to others; selection.</def>



<q>The common wealth is sick of their own <qex>choice</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>The best part; that which is preferable.</def>



<q>The flower and <qex>choice</qex>

Of many provinces from bound to bound.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<cs><col>To make a choice of</col>, <cd>to choose; to select; to

separate and take in preference.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. - See <er>Volition</er>, <er>Option</er>.</syn>



<hw>Choice</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos>

<er>Choicer</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>superl.</pos>

<er>Choicest</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Worthly of being chosen or preferred; select; superior;

precious; valuable.</def>



<q>My <qex>choicest</qex> hours of life are lost.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Preserving or using with care, as valuable;

frugal; -- used with <xex>of</xex>; <as>as, to be <ex>choice</ex>

of time, or of money</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Selected with care, and due attention to

preference; deliberately chosen.</def>



<q><qex>Choice</qex> word measured phrase.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<syn>Syn. - Select; precious; exquisite; uncommon; rare; chary;

careful/</syn>



<hw>Choice"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Making

choices; fickle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>His <qex>choiceful</qex> sense with every change doth fit.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Choice"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>With care in

choosing; with nice regard to preference.</def> \'bdA band of men

collected <xex>choicely</xex>, from each county some.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In a preferable or excellent manner;

excellently; eminently.</def> \'bd<xex>Choicely</xex> good.\'b8



<au>Walton.</au>



<hw>Choice"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being of

particular value or worth; nicely; excellence.</def>



<hw>Choir</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>quer</ets>, OF. <ets>cuer</ets>, F. <ets>ch\'d2ur</ets>, fr.

L. <ets>chorus</ets> a choral dance, chorus, choir, fr. Gr. <?/,

orig. dancing place; prob. akin to <?/ inclosure, L.

<ets>hortus</ets> garden, and E. <ets>yard</ets>. See

<er>Chorus</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A band or organized

company of singers, especially in church service.</def>

<altsp>[Formerly written also <asp>quire</asp>.]</altsp>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That part of a church appropriated to the

singers.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The chancel.</def>



<cs><col>Choir organ</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>one of the

three or five distinct organs included in the full organ, each

separable from the rest, but all controlled by one performer; a

portion of the full organ, complete in itself, and more

practicable for ordinary service and in the accompanying of the

vocal choir.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Choir screen</col>, <col>Choir

wall</col></mcol> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a screen or low wall

separating the choir from the aisles.</cd> -- <col>Choir

service</col>, <cd>the service of singing performed by the

choir.</cd></cs>



<au>T. Warton.</au>



<hw>Choke</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Choked</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Choking</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OE. <ets>cheken</ets>, <ets>choken</ets>; cf. AS.

<ets>\'beceocian</ets> to suffocate, Icel. <ets>koka</ets> to

gulp, E. <ets>chincough</ets>, <ets>cough</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To render unable to breathe by filling, pressing

upon, or squeezing the windpipe; to stifle; to suffocate; to

strangle.</def>



<q>With eager feeding food doth <qex>choke</qex> the feeder.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To obstruct by filling up or clogging any

passage; to block up.</def>



<au>Addison.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To hinder or check, as growth, expansion,

progress, etc.; to stifle.</def>



<q>Oats and darnel <qex>choke</qex> the rising corn.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To affect with a sense of strangulation by

passion or strong feeling.</def> \'bdI was <xex>choked</xex> at

this word.\'b8



<au>Swift.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To make a choke, as in a cartridge, or in the

bore of the barrel of a shotgun.</def>



<cs><col>To choke off</col>, <cd>to stop a person in the

execution of a purpose; as, <xex>to choke off<xex> a speaker by

uproar.</cd></cs>



<hw>Choke</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To have the

windpipe stopped; to have a spasm of the throat, caused by

stoppage or irritation of the windpipe; to be strangled.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be checked, as if by choking; to stick.</def>



<q>The words <qex>choked</qex> in his throat.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<hw>Choke</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A stoppage or

irritation of the windpipe, producing the feeling of

strangulation.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Gun.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The tied end of a

cartridge.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A constriction in the bore of

a shotgun, case of a rocket, etc.</def>



<hw>Choke"ber`ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The small apple-shaped or pear-shaped

fruit of an American shrub (<spn>Pyrus arbutifolia</spn>) growing

in damp thickets; also, the shrub.</def>



<hw>Choke"cher`ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The astringent fruit of a species of wild

cherry (<spn>Prunus Virginiana</spn>); also, the bush or tree

which bears such fruit.</def>



<hw>Choke" damp`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>See <cref>Carbonic

acid</cref>, under <er>Carbonic</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cho`ke*dar"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Hindi

<ets>chauk\'c6-d\'ber</ets>.]</ety> <def>A watchman; an officer

of customs or police.</def> <mark>[India]</mark>



<hw>Choke"-full`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full to

the brim; quite full; chock-full.</def>



<hw>Choke" pear`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <sn>1.</sn> <def>A kind of

pear that has a rough, astringent taste, and is swallowed with

difficulty, or which contracts the mucous membrane of the

mouth.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A sarcasm by which one is put to silence;

anything that can not be answered.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>



<au>S. Richardson.</au>



<hw>Chok"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

who, or that which, chokes.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A stiff wide cravat; a stock.</def>

<mark>[Slang]</mark>



<hw>Choke"-strap`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Saddlery)</fld> <def>A strap leading from the bellyband to

the lower part of the collar, to keep the collar in place.</def>



<hw>Chok"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>That chokes; producing the feeling of strangulation.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Indistinct in utterance, as the voice of a

person affected with strong emotion.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Chok"y Chok"ey</hw> }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Tending to choke or suffocate, or

having power to suffocate.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Inclined to choke, as a person affected with

strong emotion.</def> \'bdA deep and <xex>choky</xex> voice.\'b8



<au>Aytoun.</au>



<q>The allusion to his mother made Tom feel rather

<qex>chokey</qex>.</q>

<qau>T. Hughes.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Cho*l\'91"ma*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ bile + <?/ blood.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>A disease characterized by severe nervous symptoms,

dependent upon the presence of the constituents of the bile in

the blood.</def>



<hw>Chol"a*gogue</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/;

<?/ bile + <?/ leading, <?/ to lead: cf. F.

<ets>cholagogue</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Promoting

the discharge of bile from the system.</def> --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>An agent which promotes the discharge of

bile from the system.</def></def2>



<hw>Cho"late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

bile.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of cholic acid;

<as>as, sodium <ex>cholate</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Chol`e*cys"tis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ bile + <?/ bladder.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The gall bladder.</def>



<hw>Chol`e*cys*tot"o*my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cholecystis</ets> + Gr. <?/ to cut.]</ety>

<fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>The operation of making an opening in the

gall bladder, as for the removal of a gallstone.</def>



<hw>Chol`e*dol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ bile + <ets>-logy</ets>. Cf. F.

<ets>chol\'82dologie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A

treatise on the bile and bilary organs.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<note><hand/ Littr\'82 says that the word

<xex>chol\'82dologie</xex> is absolutely barbarous, there being

no Greek word <?/. A proper form would be

<xex>cholology</xex>.</note>



<hw>Cho*le"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Physiol.

Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or obtained from, bile; <as>as,

<ex>choleic</ex> acid</as>.</def>



<hw>Chol"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>coler</ets>, F. <ets>col\'8are</ets> anger, L.

<ets>cholera</ets> a bilious complaint, fr. Gr. <?/ cholera, fr.

<?/, <?/, bile. See <er>Gall</er>, and cf.

<er>Cholera</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The bile; -- formerly

supposed to be the seat and cause of irascibility.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>His [Richard Hooker's] complexion . . . was sanguine, with a

mixture of <qex>choler</qex>; and yet his motion was slow.</q>

<qau>I. Warton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Irritation of the passions; anger; wrath.</def>



<q>He is rash and very sudden in <qex>choler</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Chol"er*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a

bilious disease. See <er>Choler</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>One of several diseases affecting the digestive and

intestinal tract and more or less dangerous to life, esp. the one

commonly called <xex>Asiatic cholera</xex>.</def>



<cs><col>Asiatic cholera</col>, <cd>a malignant and rapidly fatal

disease, originating in Asia and frequently epidemic in the more

filthy sections of other lands, to which the germ or specific

poison may have been carried. It is characterized by diarrhea,

rice-water evacuations, vomiting, cramps, pinched expression, and

lividity, rapidly passing into a state of collapse, followed by

death, or by a stage of reaction of fever.</cd> -- <col>Cholera

bacillus</col>. <cd>See <cref>Comma bacillus</cref>.</cd> --

<col>Cholera infantum</col>, <cd>a dangerous summer disease, of

infants, caused by hot weather, bad air, or poor milk, and

especially fatal in large cities.</cd> -- <col>Cholera

morbus</col>, <cd>a disease characterized by vomiting and

purging, with gripings and cramps, usually caused by imprudence

in diet or by gastrointestinal disturbance.</cd> -- <col>Chicken

cholera</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chicken</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hog

cholera</col>. <cd>See under <er>Hog</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sporadic

cholera</col>, <cd>a disease somewhat resembling the Asiatic

cholera, but originating where it occurs, and rarely becoming

epidemic.</cd></cs>



<hw>Chol`er*a"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Relating

to, or resulting from, or resembling, cholera.</def>



<hw>Chol"er*ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cholericus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F.

<ets>chol\'82rique</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Abounding with,

or producing choler, or bile.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Easily irritated; irascible; inclined to

anger.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Angry; indicating anger; excited by anger.</def>

\'bd<xex>Choleric</xex> speech.\'b8



<au>Sir W. Raleigh.</au>



<cs><col>Choleric temperament</col>, <cd>the bilious

temperament.</cd></cs>



<hw>Chol"er*ic*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a choleric

manner; angrily.</def>



<hw>Chol"er*i*form`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cholera</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Resembling cholera.</def>



<hw>Chol"er*ine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The precursory symptoms of

cholera.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The first stage of epidemic

cholera.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A mild form of cholera.</def>



<hw>Chol"er*oid</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Cholera</ets> +

<ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Choleriform.</def>



<hw>Cho`les*ter"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>cholest\'82rique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to

cholesterin, or obtained from it; <as>as, <ex>cholesteric</ex>

acid</as>.</def>



<au>Ure.</au>



<hw>Cho*les"ter*in</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

bile + <?/ stiff fat: F. <ets>cholest\'82rine</ets>. See

<er>Stearin</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white, fatty,

crystalline substance, tasteless and odorless, found in animal

and plant products and tissue, and especially in nerve tissue, in

the bile, and in gallstones.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cho"li*amb</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Cho`li*am"bic</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>choliambus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ lame + <?/ an iambus.]</ety>

<fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>A verse having an iambus in the fifth

place, and a spondee in the sixth or last.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Chol"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Cho*lin"ic</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/, from <?/

bile.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or

obtained from, the bile.</def>



<cs><col>Cholic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a complex

organic acid found as a natural constituent of taurocholic and

glycocholic acids in the bile, and extracted as a resinous

substance, convertible under the influence of ether into white

crystals.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cho"line</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

bile.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>See

<er>Neurine</er>.</def>



<hw>Chol"o*chrome</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

<?/, bile + <?/ color.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>See

<er>Bilirubin</er>.</def>



<hw>Chol`o*ph\'91"in</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/, <?/, bile + <?/ dusky.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>See

<er>Bilirubin</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Chol"try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A Hindoo

caravansary.</def>



<hw>Chomp</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To chew loudly

and greedily; to champ.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.

S.]</mark>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>Chon`dri*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Formation of, or conversion into,

cartilage.</def>



<hw>Chon"dri*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ cartilage + <ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <def>To convert,

or be converted, into cartilage.</def>



<hw>Chon"dri*gen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

cartilage + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld>

<def>The chemical basis of cartilage, converted by long boiling

in water into a gelatinous body called chondrin.</def>



<hw>Chon*drig"e*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ cartilage + <ets>-genous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>

<def>Affording chondrin.</def>



<hw>Chon"drin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

cartilage.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless,

amorphous, nitrogenous substance, tasteless and odorless, formed

from cartilaginous tissue by long-continued action of boiling

water. It is similar to gelatin, and is a large ingredient of

commercial gelatin.</def>



<hw>Chon"drite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a

grain (of wheat or spelt), cartilage.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld>

<def>A meteoric stone characterized by the presence of

chondrules.</def>



<hw>Chon*drit"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Granular; pertaining to, or having the

granular structure characteristic of, the class of meteorites

called chondrites.</def>



<hw>\'d8Chon*dri"tis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/ cartilage + <ets>-itis</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An inflammation of cartilage.</def>



<hw>Chon"dro-</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ a grain (of wheat

or spelt), cartilage.]</ety> <def>A combining form meaning <xex>a

grain</xex>, <xex>granular</xex>, <xex>granular cartilage</xex>,

<xex>cartilaginous</xex>; <as>as, the <ex>chondro</ex>cranium,

the cartilaginous skull of the lower vertebrates and of

embryos</as>.</def>



<hw>Chon"dro*dite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

a grain (of wheat or spelt), cartilage.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld>

<def>A fluosilicate of magnesia and iron, yellow to red in color,

often occurring in granular form in a crystalline

limestone.</def>



<hw>\'d8Chon`dro*ga*noi"de*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ cartilage + NL. <ets>ganoidei</ets>. See

<er>Ganoid</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of

ganoid fishes, including the sturgeons; -- so called on account

of their cartilaginous skeleton.</def>



<hw>Chon"dro*gen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

cartilage + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld>

<def>Same as <er>Chondrigen</er>.</def>



<hw>Chon`dro*gen"e*sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ cartilage + <ets>genesis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>

<def>The development of cartilage.</def>



<hw>Chon"droid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

cartilage + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling

cartilage.</def>



<hw>Chon*drol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

cartilage + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>chondrologie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The

science which treats of cartilages.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>\'d8Chon*dro"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Chondromata</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/

cartilage + <ets>-oma</ets>.]</ety> <def>A cartilaginous tumor or

growth.</def>



<hw>Chon*drom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ a grain (of wheat or spelt), cartilage +

<ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>A steelyard for weighting

grain.</def>



<hw>Chon*drop`ter*yg"i*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>chondropterygien</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having a

cartilaginous skeleton.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>One of

the Chondropterygii.</def></def2>



<hw>\'d8Chon*drop`te*ryg"i*i</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ cartilage + <?/, <?/, wing, fin.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of fishes, characterized by

cartilaginous fins and skeleton. It includes both ganoids

(sturgeons, etc.) and selachians (sharks), but is now often

restricted to the latter.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>Chondropterygia</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>\'d8Chon*dros"te*i</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ cartilage + <?/ bone.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of fishes, including the

sturgeons; -- so named because the skeleton is

cartilaginous.</def>



<hw>Chon*drot"o*my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

+ <?/ a cutting.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The dissection of

cartilages.</def>



<hw>Chon"drule</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Dim. from

Gr. <?/ a grain (of wheat or spelt), cartilage.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A peculiar rounded granule of some

mineral, usually enstatite or chrysolite, found imdedded more or

less aboundantly in the mass of many meteoric stones, which are

hence called <xex>chondrites</xex>.</def>



<hw>Choose</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Chose</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.

p.</pos> <er>Chosen</er> <pr>(?)</pr>, <er>Chose</er> (Obs.);

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Choosing</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OE. <ets>chesen</ets>, <ets>cheosen</ets>, AS.

<ets>ce\'a2san</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>kiosan</ets>, D.

<ets>kiezen</ets>, G. <ets>kiesen</ets>, Icel.

<ets>kj\'d3sa</ets>, Goth. <ets>kiusan</ets>, L.

<ets>gustare</ets> to taste, Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>jush</ets> to

enjoy. \'fb46. Cf. <er>Choice</er>, 2d <er>Gust</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To make choice of; to select; to take by way of

preference from two or more objects offered; to elect; <as>as, to

<ex>choose</ex> the least of two evils</as>.</def>



<q><qex>Choose</qex> me for a humble friend.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To wish; to desire; to prefer.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<q>The landlady now returned to know if we did not

<qex>choose</qex> a more genteel apartment.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<cs><col>To choose sides</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Side</er>.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. - To select; prefer; elect; adopt; follow.</syn>

<usage> -- To <er>Choose</er>, <er>Prefer</er>, <er>Elect</er>.

To <xex>choose</xex> is the generic term, and denotes to take or

fix upon by an act of the will, especially in accordance with a

decision of the judgment. To <xex>prefer</xex> is to choose or

favor one thing as compared with, and more desirable than,

another, or more in accordance with one's tastes and feelings. To

<xex>elect</xex> is to choose or select for some office,

employment, use, privilege, etc., especially by the concurrent

vote or voice of a sufficient number of electors. To

<xex>choose</xex> a profession; to <xex>prefer</xex> private life

to a public one; to <xex>elect</xex> members of Congress.</usage>



<hw>Choose</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make a

selection; to decide.</def>



<q>They had only to <qex>choose</qex> between implicit obedience

and open rebellion.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To do otherwise.</def> \'bdCan I

<xex>choose</xex> but smile?\'b8



<au>Pope.</au>



<cs><col>Can not choose but</col>, <cd>must

necessarily.</cd></cs>



<q>Thou <qex>canst not choose but</qex> know who I am.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Choos"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

chooses; one who has the power or right of choosing; an

elector.</def>



<au>Burke.</au>



<hw>Chop</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Chopped</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Chopping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. LG. & D.

<ets>kappen</ets>, Dan. <ets>kappe</ets>, Sw. <ets>kappa</ets>.

Cf. <er>Chap</er> to crack.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cut by

striking repeatedly with a sharp instrument; to cut into pieces;

to mince; -- often with <xex>up</xex>.</def>



<-- p. 252 -->



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To sever or separate by one more blows of a

sharp instrument; to divide; -- usually with <xex>off</xex> or

<xex>down</xex>.</def>



<q><qex>Chop</qex> off your hand, and it to the king.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To seize or devour greedily; -- with

<xex>up</xex>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Upon the opening of his mouth he drops his breakfast, which

the fox presently <qex>chopped</qex> up.</q>

<qau>L'estrange.</qau>



<hw>Chop</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

make a quick strike, or repeated strokes, with an ax or other

sharp instrument.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To do something suddenly with an unexpected

motion; to catch or attempt to seize.</def>



<q>Out of greediness to get both, he <qex>chops</qex> at the

shadow, and loses the substance.</q>

<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To interrupt; -- with <xex>in</xex> or

<xex>out</xex>.</def>



<q>This fellow interrupted the sermon, even suddenly

<qex>chopping</qex> in.</q>

<qau>Latimer.</qau>



<hw>Chop</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>koopen</ets> to

buy. See <er>Cheapen</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, and cf.

<er>Chap</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>, to buy.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To barter or truck.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To exchange; substitute one thing for

another.</def>



<q>We go on <qex>chopping</qex> and changing our friends.</q>

<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>



<cs><col>To chop logic</col>, <cd>to dispute with an affected use

of logical terms; to argue sophistically.</cd></cs>



<hw>Chop</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To purchase by

way of truck.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To vary or shift suddenly;

<as>as, the wind <ex>chops</ex> about</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To wrangle; to altercate; to bandy words.</def>



<q>Let not the counsel at the bar <qex>chop</qex> with the

judge.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<hw>Chop</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A change; a vicissitude.</def>



<au>Marryat.</au>



<hw>Chop</hw>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <def>To crack. See

<er>Chap</er>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos></def>



<hw>Chop</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

chopping; a stroke.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A piece chopped off; a slice or small piece,

especially of meat; <as>as, a mutton <ex>chop</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A crack or cleft. See <er>Chap</er>.</def>



<hw>Chop</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Chap</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A jaw of an animal; -- commonly in the

<pluf>pl.</pluf> See <er>Chops</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A movable jaw or cheek, as of a wooden

vise.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The land at each side of the mouth of a river,

harbor, or channel; <as>as, East <ex>Chop</ex> or West

<ex>Chop</ex></as>. See <er>Chops</er>.</def>



<hw>Chop</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Chin. & Hind.

<ets>ch\'bep</ets> stamp, brand.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Quality; brand; <as>as, silk of the first

<ex>chop</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A permit or clearance.</def>



<cs><col>Chop dollar</col>, <cd>a silver dollar stamped to attest

its purity.</cd> -- <col>chop of tea</col>, <cd>a number of boxes

of the same make and quality of leaf.</cd> -- <col>Chowchow

chop</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chowchow</er>.</cd> -- <col>Grand

chop</col>, <cd>a ship's port clearance.</cd></cs>



<au>S. W. Williams.</au>



<hw>Chop"boat`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Chin.

<ets>chop</ets> sort, quality.]</ety> <def>A licensed lighter

employed in the transportation of goods to and from

vessels.</def> <mark>[China]</mark>



<au>S. W. Williams.</au>



<hw>Chop"church`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Chop</er> to barter.]</ety> <fld>(Old Eng. Law)</fld> <def>An

exchanger or an exchange of benefices.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>



<hw>Chop`fall`en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having the

lower chop or jaw depressed; hence, crestfallen; dejected;

dispirited;downcast. See <er>Chapfallen</er>.</def>



<hw>Chop"house`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A house

where chops, etc., are sold; an eating house.</def>



<q>The freedom of a <qex>chophouse</qex>.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<hw>Chop"house`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Chop</er>

quality.]</ety> <def>A customhouse where transit duties are

levied.</def> <mark>[China]</mark>



<au>S. W. Williams.</au>



<hw>Chop"in</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>chopine</ets>, fr. G. <ets>schoppen</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

liquid measure formerly used in France and Great Britain, varying

from half a pint to a wine quart.</def>



<hw>Chop"in</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Chopine</er>.</def>



<hw>Cho*pine"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>chapin</ets>, <ets>escapin</ets>, Sp. <ets>chapin</ets>, Pg.

<ets>chapim</ets>.]</ety> <def>A clog, or patten, having a very

thick sole, or in some cases raised upon a stilt to a height of a

foot or more.</def> <altsp>[Variously spelt <asp>chioppine</asp>,

<asp>chopin</asp>, etc.]</altsp>



<q>Your ladyship is nearer to heaven than when I saw you last, by

the altitude of a <qex>chopine</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Chop"-log`ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

bandies words or is very argunentative.</def>

<mark>[Jocular]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Chop"ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A kind of

spade.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Chop"per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, chops.</def>



<hw>Chop"ping</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Chubby</er>.]</ety> <def>Stout or plump; large.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Fenton.</au>



<hw>Chop"ping</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Chop</er> to

barter.]</ety> <def>Shifting or changing suddenly, as the wind;

also, having tumbling waves dashing against each other; <as>as, a

<ex>chopping</ex> sea</as>.</def>



<hw>Chop"ping</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Act of cutting by

strokes.</def>



<cs><col>Chopping block</col>, <cd>a solid block of wood on which

butchers and others chop meat, etc.</cd> -- <col>Chopping

knife</col>, <cd>a knife for chopping or mincing meat,

vegetables, etc.; -- usually with a handle at the back of the

blade instead of at the end.</cd></cs>



<hw>Chop"py</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Chappy</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Full of cracks.</def>

\'bd<xex>Choppy</xex> finger.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[Cf. <er>Chop</er> a change.]</ety> <def>Rough,

with short, tumultuous waves; <as>as, a <ex>choppy</ex>

sea</as>.</def>



<hw>Chops</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Chop</er> a jaw.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The jaws; also, the

fleshy parts about the mouth.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The sides or capes at the mouth of a river,

channel, harbor, or bay; <as>as, the <ex>chops</ex> of the

English Channel</as>.</def>



<hw>Chop"strick"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One of two

small sticks of wood, ivory, etc., used by the Chinese and

Japanese to convey food to the mouth.</def>



<hw>Cho*rag"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

<?/.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a choragus.</def>



<cs><col>Choragic monument</col>, <cd>a building or column built

by a victorious choragus for the reception and exhibition of the

tripod which he received as a prize. Those of Lysicrates and

Thrasyllus are still to be seen at Athens.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Cho*ra"gus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Choragi</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/,

<?/; <?/ chorus + <?/ to lead.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld>

<def>A chorus leader; esp. one who provided at his own expense

and under his own supervision one of the choruses for the musical

contents at Athens.</def>



<hw>Cho"ral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>choralis</ets>, fr. L. <ets>chorus</ets>. See

<er>Chorus</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a choir or

chorus; singing, sung, or adapted to be sung, in chorus or

harmony.</def>



<cs><col>Choral service</col>, <cd>a service of song.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cho"ral</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A hymn

tune; a simple sacred tune, sung in unison by the congregation;

<as>as, the Lutheran <ex>chorals</ex></as>.</def>

<altsp>[Sometimes written <asp>chorale</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Cho"ral*ist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A singer or

composer of chorals.</def>



<hw>Cho"ral*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In the manner of a

chorus; adapted to be sung by a choir; in harmony.</def>



<hw>Chord</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L

<ets>chorda</ets> a gut, a string made of a gut, Gr. <?/. In the

sense of a string or small rope, in general, it is written

<ets>cord</ets>. See <er>Cord</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

string of a musical instrument.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A combination of tones

simultaneously performed, producing more or less perfect harmony,

<as>as, the common <ex>chord</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A right line uniting the

extremities of the arc of a circle or curve.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A cord. See <er>Cord</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, 4.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Engin.)</fld> <def>The upper or lower part of a

truss, usually horizontal, resisting compression or

tension.</def>



<au>Waddell.</au>



<cs><mcol><col>Accidental</col>, <col>Common</col>,

<xex>and</xex> <col>Vocal chords</col></mcol>. <cd>See under

<er>Accidental</er>, <er>Common</er>, and <er>Vocal</er>.</cd> --

<col>Chord of an arch</col>. <cd>See <xex>Illust<xex>. of

<er>Arch</er>.</cd> -- <col>Chord of curvature</col>, <cd>a chord

drawn from any point of a curve, in the circle of curvature for

that point.</cd> -- <col>Scale of chords</col>. <cd>See

<er>Scale</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Chord</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Chorded</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Chording</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To provide with musical

chords or strings; to string; to tune.</def>



<q>When Jubal struck the <qex>chorded</qex> shell.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>Even the solitary old pine tree <qex>chords</qex> his

harp.</q>

<qau>Beecher.</qau>



<hw>Chord</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>To

accord; to harmonize together; <as>as, this note <ex>chords</ex>

with that</as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Chor"da</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.

L. <ets>chorda</ets>. See <er>Chord</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A cord.</def>



<cs><col>\'d8Chorda dorsalis</col> <pr>(<?/)</pr>. <ety>[NL.,

lit., cord of the back.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <cd>See

<er>Notochord</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Chor"dal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to a chord.</def>



<hw>\'d8Chor*da"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>chorda</ets> cord.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A comprehensive division of animals

including all Vertebrata together with the Tunicata, or all those

having a dorsal nervous cord.</def>



<hw>Chor*dee"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>cord\'82</ets>, <ets>cord\'82e</ets>, p. p. of

<ets>corder</ets> to cord.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A

painful erection of the penis, usually with downward curvature,

occurring in gonorrhea.</def>



<hw>Chore</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[The same word as

<ets>char</ets> work done by the day.]</ety> <def>A small job; in

the <pluf>pl.</pluf>, the regular or daily light work of a

household or farm, either within or without doors.</def>

<mark>[U. S.]</mark>



<hw>Chore</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Chored</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Choring</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To do chores.</def> <mark>[U.

S.]</mark>



<hw>Chore</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A choir or

chorus.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>\'d8Cho*re"a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.

Gr. <?/ dance.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>St. Vitus's dance; a

disease attended with convulsive twitchings and other involuntary

movements of the muscles or limbs.</def>



<hw>Cho*ree"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>chor\'82e</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Choreus</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cho`re*graph"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Cho`re*graph"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to choregraphy.</def>



<hw>Cho*reg"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[GR. <?/

d<?/nce + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art of representing

dancing by signs, as music is represented by notes.</def>



<au>Craig.</au>



<hw>Cho*re"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of the nature

of, or pertaining to, chorea; convulsive.</def>



<hw>Cho`re*pis"co*pal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to a chorepiscopus or his change or

authority.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cho`re*pis"co*pus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl. <plw>Chorepiscopi</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L.,

fr. Gr. <?/; <?/, <?/, place, country + <?/ bishop. Cf.

<er>Bishop</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A \'bdcountry\'b8

or suffragan bishop, appointed in the ancient church by a

diocesan bishop to exercise episcopal jurisdiction in a rural

district.</def>



<mhw><hw>\'d8Cho*re"us</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Cho*ree"</hw>

<pr>(<?/)</pr></mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>choreus</ets>,

Gr. <?/, prop. an adj. meaning belonging to a chorus; cf. F.

<ets>chor\'82e</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anc. Pros.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>a trochee.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A tribrach.</def></def>



<hw>Cho"ri*amb</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Choriambs</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>Same as

<er>Choriambus</er>.</def>



<hw>Cho`ri*am"bic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>choriambicus</ets>, gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to a

choriamb.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> A

choriamb.</def></def2>



<hw>Cho`ri*am"bus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. L.

<plw>Choriambi</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, E. <plw>Choriambuses</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>choriambus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/

a choreus + <?/ iambus.]</ety> <fld>(Anc. Pros.)</fld> <def>A

foot consisting of four syllables, of which the first and last

are long, and the other short (- \'de \'de -); that is, a

choreus, or trochee, and an iambus united.</def>



<hw>Cho"ric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>choricus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a

chorus.</def>



<q>I remember a <qex>choric</qex> ode in the Hecuba.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Cho"ri*on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.

Gr. <?/.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The outer

membrane which invests the fetus in the womb; also, the similar

membrane investing many ova at certain stages of

development.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The true skin, or

cutis.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The outer membrane of seeds of

plants.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cho"ri*sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/ separation.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The

separation of a leaf or floral organ into two more parts.</def>



<note><hand/ In <xex>collateral chorisis</xex> the parts are side

by side. -- In <xex>parallel</xex> or <xex>median chorisis</xex>

they are one in front of another.</note>



<hw>Cho"rist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>choriste</ets>.]</ety> <def>A singer in a choir; a

chorister.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Chor"is*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Chorus</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One of a choir; a singer

in a chorus.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who leads a choir in church music.</def>

<mark>[U. S.]</mark>



<hw>Cho*ris"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Choric;

choral.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Cho"ro*graph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

place + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for

constructing triangles in marine surveying, etc.</def>



<hw>Cho*rog"ra*pher</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who describes or makes a map of a district or

region.</def> \'bdThe <xex>chorographers</xex> of Italy.\'b8



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A geographical antiquary; one who investigates

the locality of ancient places.</def>



<hw>Cho`ro*graph"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to chorography.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Cho`ro*graph"ic*al*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Cho*rog"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>chorographia</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ place + <?/ to

describe.]</ety> <def>the mapping or description of a region or

district.</def>



<q>The <qex>chorography</qex> of their provinces.</q>

<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>



<hw>Cho"roid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[gr. <?/; <?/

chorion + <?/ form.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>resembling the

chorion; <as>as, the <ex>choroid</ex> plexuses of the ventricles

of the brain, and the <ex>choroid</ex> coat of the

eyeball</as>.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>The choroid coat

of the eye. See <er>Eye</er>.</def></def2>



<cs><col>Choroid plexus</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>one of the

delicate fringelike processes, consisting almost entirely of

blood vessels, which project into the ventricles of the

brain.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cho*roid"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the choroid coat.</def>



<hw>Cho*rol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

place + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The

science which treats of the laws of distribution of living

organisms over the earth's surface as to latitude, altitude,

locality, etc.</def>



<q>Its distribution or <qex>chorology</qex>.</q>

<qau>Huxley.</qau>



<hw>Cho*rom"e*try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

place + <ets>-metry</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art of surveying a

region or district.</def>



<hw>Cho"rus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Choruses</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L., a dance in a

ring, a dance accompanied with song; a chorus, a band of dancers

and singers. Gr. <?/. See <er>Choir</er>.]</ety> 



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <def>A band of singers and

dancers.</def>



<q>The Grecian tragedy was at first nothing but a

<qex>chorus</qex> of singers.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Gr. Drama)</fld> <def>A company of persons

supposed to behold what passed in the acts of a tragedy, and to

sing the sentiments which the events suggested in couplets or

verses between the acts; also, that which was thus sung by the

chorus.</def>



<q>What the lofty, grave tragedians taught

In <qex>chorus</qex> or iambic.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An interpreter in a dumb show or play.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A company of singers singing

in concert.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A composition of two or more

parts, each of which is intended to be sung by a number of

voices.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Parts of a song or hymn

recurring at intervals, as at the end of stanzas; also, a company

of singers who join with the singer or choir in singer or choir

in singing such parts.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>The simultaneous of a company in any noisy

demonstration; <as>as, a <ex>Chorus</ex> of shouts and

catcalls</as>.</def>



<hw>Cho"rus</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Chorused</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Chorusing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To sing in chorus;

to exclaim simultaneously.</def>



<au>W. D. Howells.</au>



<hw>\'d8Chose</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Choses</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[F., fr. L.

<ets>causa</ets> cause, reason. See <er>Cause</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A thing; personal property.</def>



<cs><col>Chose in action</col>, <cd>a thing of which one has not

possession or actual enjoyment, but only a right to it, or a

right to demand it by action at law, and which does not exist at

the time in specie; a personal right to a thing not reduced to

possession, but recoverable by suit at law; as a right to recover

money due on a contract, or damages for a tort, which can not be

enforced against a reluctant party without suit.</cd> --

<col>Chose in possession</col>, <cd>a thing in possession, as

distinguished from a thing <xex>in action<xex>.</cd> --

<col>Chose local</col>, <cd>a thing annexed to a place, as a

mill.</cd> -- <col>Chose transitory</col>, <cd>a thing which is

movable.</cd>



<au>Cowell. Blount.</au>

</cs>



<hw>Chose</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of

<er>Choose</er>.</def>



<hw>Cho"sen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. p.</pos> <mord>of

<er>Choose</er></mord>. <def>Selected from a number; picked out;

choice.</def>



<q>Seven hundred <qex>chosen</qex> men left-handed.</q>

<qau>Judg. xx. 16.</qau>



<hw>Cho"sen</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or that which is

the object of choice or special favor.</def>



<hw>Chou"an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<def>One of the royalist insurgents in western France (Brittany,

etc.), during and after the French revolution.</def>



<hw>Chough</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>choughe</ets>, <ets>kowe</ets> (and cf. OE. <ets>ca</ets>),

fr. AS. <ets>ce\'a2</ets>; cf. also D. <ets>kauw</ets>, OHG.

<ets>ch\'beha</ets>; perh. akin to E. <ets>caw</ets>. \'fb22. Cf.

<er>Caddow</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bird of the

Crow family (<spn>Fregilus graculus</spn>) of Europe. It is of a

black color, with a long, slender, curved bill and red legs; --

also called <altname>chauk</altname>,

<altname>chauk-daw</altname>, <altname>chocard</altname>,

<altname>Cornish chough</altname>, <altname>red-legged

crow</altname>. The name is also applied to several allied birds,

as the <altname>Alpine chough</altname>.</def>



<cs><col>Cornish chough</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a bird

represented black, with red feet, and beak; -- called also

<altname>aylet</altname> and <altname>sea

swallow</altname>.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Chou"i*cha</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Native

name]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The salmon of the Columbia

River or California. See <er>Quinnat</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Chou"ka</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Native

name]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Indian four-horned

antelope; the chikara.</def>



<hw>Choule</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<def>See <er>Jowl</er>.</def>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>\'d8Choul"try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Choltry</er>.</def>



<hw>Chouse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Choused</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Chousing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From Turk.

<ets>ch\'be\'d4sh</ets> a messenger or interpreter, one of whom,

attached to the Turkish embassy, in 1609 cheated the Turkish

merchants resident in England out of \'9c4,000.]</ety> <def>To

cheat, trick, defraud; -- followed by <xex>of</xex>, or <xex>out

of</xex>; <as>as, to <ex>chouse</ex> one out of his

money</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<q>The undertaker of the afore-cited poesy hath

<qex>choused</qex> your highness.</q>

<qau>Landor.</qau>



<hw>Chouse</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who is easily

cheated; a tool; a simpleton; a gull.</def>



<au>Hudibras.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A trick; sham; imposition.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A swindler.</def>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>\'d8Chout</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Mahratta

<ets>chauth</ets> one fourth part.]</ety> <def>An assessment

equal to a fourth part of the revenue.</def> <mark>[India]</mark>



<au>J. Mill.</au>



<hw>Chow"chow`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Chin.]</ety> <def>Consisting of several kinds mingled

together; mixed; <as>as, <ex>chowchow</ex> sweetmeats (preserved

fruits put together)</as>.</def>



<-- p. 253 -->



<cs><col>Chowchow chop</col>, <cd>the last lighter containing the

small sundry packages sent off to fill up a ship.</cd></cs>



<au>S. W. Williams.</au>



<hw>Chow"chow`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Com.)</fld>

<def>A kind of mixed pickles.</def>



<hw>Chow"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>chaudi\'8are</ets> a kettle, a pot. Cf.

<er>Caldron</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>A

dish made of fresh fish or clams, biscuit, onions, etc., stewed

together.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A seller of fish.</def> <mark>[Prov.

Eng.]</mark>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<cs><col>Chowder beer</col>, <cd>a liquor made by boiling black

spruce in water and mixing molasses with the decoction.</cd></cs>



<hw>Chow"der</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make a chowder

of.</def>



<hw>\'d8Chow"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Hind.

<ets>chaunri</ets>.]</ety> <def>A whisk to keep off files, used

in the East Indies.</def>



<au>Malcom.</au>



<hw>Chow"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OE.

<ets>chowre</ets>, and Prov. E. <ets>chow</ets>, to

grumble.]</ety> <def>To grumble or mutter like a froward

child.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>E. Phillips.</au>



<hw>Choy" root`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>See <er>Chay

root</er>.</def>



<hw>Chre`ma*tis"tics</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ 9sc. <?/) the art of traffic, fr. <?/ goods, money, fr. <?/

to use.]</ety> <def>The science of wealth; the science, or a

branch of the science, of political economy.</def>



<hw>Chre`o*tech"nics</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ useful + <?/ art.]</ety> <def>The science of the useful arts,

esp. agriculture, manufactures, and commerce.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Chres`to*math"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Teaching what is useful.</def> \'bdA

<xex>chrestomathic</xex> school.\'b8



<au>Southey.</au>



<hw>Chres*tom"a*thy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/; <?/ useful + <?/, <?/, to learn.]</ety> <def>A selection of

passages, with notes, etc., to be used in acquiring a language;

<as>as, a Hebrew <ex>chrestomathy</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Chrism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>crisme</ets>, from AS. <ets>crisma</ets>; also OE.

<ets>creme</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>cresme</ets>, like the AS. word

fr. LL. <ets>chrisma</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to anoint; perh.

akin to L. <ets>friare</ets>, <ets>fricare</ets>, to rub, Skr.

<ets>gharsh</ets>, E. <ets>friable</ets>, <ets>friction</ets>.

Cf. <er>Chrisom</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. & R. C. Church<?/s)</fld>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Olive oil mixed with balm and spices,

consecrated by the bishop on Maundy Thursday, and used in the

administration of baptism, confirmation, ordination, etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The same as <er>Chrisom</er>.</def>



<hw>Chris"mal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>chrismalis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to or used in

chrism.</def>



<hw>Chris*ma"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>chrismatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of applying the

chrism, or consecrated oil.</def>



<q><qex>Chrismation</qex> or cross-signing with ointment, was

used in baptism.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<hw>Chris"ma*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>chrismatorium</ets>.]</ety> <def>A cruet or vessel in which

chrism is kept.</def>



<hw>Chris"om</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Chrism</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A white cloth, anointed with chrism, or a white

mantle thrown over a child when baptized or christened.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A child which died within a month after its

baptism; -- so called from the chrisom cloth which was used as a

shroud for it.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Blount.</au>



<hw>Christ</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Christus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ anointed, fr.

<grk>chri`ein</grk> to anoint. See <er>Chrism</er>.]</ety>

<def><sc>The Anointed</sc>; an appellation given to Jesus, the

Savior.  It is synonymous with the Hebrew <er>Messiah</er>.</def>



<hw>Christ"cross`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The mark of the cross, as cut, painted, written, or stamped

on certain objects, -- sometimes as the sign of 12 o'clock on a

dial.</def>



<q>The fescue of the dial is upon the <qex>christcross</qex> of

noon.</q>

<qau>Old Play.   Nares.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The beginning and the ending.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Quarles.</au>



<hw>Christ"cross-row`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def>The alphabet; --

formerly so called, either from the cross usually set before it,

or from a superstitious custom, sometimes practiced, of writing

it in the form of a cross, by way of a charm.</def>



<q>From infant conning of the <qex>Christcross-row</qex>.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<hw>Chris"ten</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Christened</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Christening</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>cristnian</ets>

to make a Christian, fr. <ets>cristen</ets> a Christian.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To baptize and give a Christian name to.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To give a name; to denominate.</def>

\'bd<xex>Christen</xex> the thing what you will.\'b8



<au>Bp. Burnet.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To Christianize.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To use for the first time.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Chris"ten*dom</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>cristend<?/m</ets>; <ets>cristen</ets> a Christian +

<ets>-dom</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The profession of faith

in Christ by baptism; hence, the Christian religion, or the

adoption of it.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The name received at baptism; or, more

generally, any name or appelation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Pretty, fond, adoptious <qex>christendoms</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>That portion of the world in which Christianity

prevails, or which is governed under Christian institutions, in

distinction from heathen or Mohammedan lands.</def>



<q>The Arian doctrine which then divided

<qex>Christendom</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton</qau>



<q>A wide and still widening <qex>Christendom</qex>.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The whole body of Christians.</def>



<au>Hooker.</au>



<hw>Chris"tian</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>christianus</ets>, Gr. <?/; cf. AS. <ets>cristen</ets>. See

<er>Christ</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>One who believes, or professes or is assumed to

believe, in Jesus Christ, and the truth as taught by Him;

especially, one whose inward and outward life is conformed to the

doctrines of Christ.</def>



<q>The disciples were called <qex>Christians</qex> first in

Antioch.</q>

<qau>Acts xi. 26.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One born in a Christian country or of Christian

parents, and who has not definitely becomes an adherent of an

opposing system.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of a

Christian denomination which rejects human creeds as bases of

fellowship, and sectarian names. They are congregational in

church government, and baptize by immersion. They are also called

<altname>Disciples of Christ</altname>, and

<altname>Campbellites</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of a

sect (called <altname>Christian Connection</altname>) of

open-communion immersionists. The Bible is their only

authoritative rule of faith and practice.</def>



<note><hand/ In this sense, often pronounced, but not by the

members of the sects, <pr>kr\'c6s"ch<it>a</it>n</pr>.</note>



<hw>Chris"tian</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Pertaining to Christ or his religion; <as>as,

<ex>Christian</ex> people</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Pertaining to the church; ecclesiastical;

<as>as, a <ex>Christian</ex> court</as>.</def>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Characteristic of Christian people; civilized;

kind; kindly; gentle; beneficent.</def>



<q>The graceful tact; the <qex>Christian</qex> art.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<cs><col>Christian Commission</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Commission</er>.</cd> -- <col>Christian court</col>. <cd>Same

as <er>Ecclesiastical court</er>.</cd> -- <col>Christian

era</col>, <cd>the present era, commencing with the birth of

Christ. It is supposed that owing to an error of a monk

(Dionysius Exiguus, d. about 556) employed to calculate the era,

its commencement was fixed three or four years too late, so that

1890 should be 1893 or 1894.</cd> -- <col>Christian name</col>,

<cd>the name given in baptism, as distinct from the family name,

or surname.</cd></cs>



<hw>Chris`tian*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>christianismus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F.

<ets>christianisme</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The Christian

religion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The Christian world; Christendom.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Johnson</au>



<hw>Chris"tian*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[In

sense (<ets>a</ets>) named after <ets>Christian</ets> Frederic,

of Denmark; in sense (<ets>b</ets>) after <ets>Christian</ets>

VII., of Denmark.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Same

as <er>Anorthite</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>See <er>Phillipsite</er>.</def>



<hw>Chris*tian"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>cristiente</ets>, OF. <ets>cristient\'82</ets>, F.

<ets>chr\'82tient\'82</ets>, fr. L. <ets>christianitas</ets>.

]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The religion of Christians; the system of

doctrines and precepts taught by Christ.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Practical conformity of one's inward and outward

life to the spirit of the Christian religion</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The body of Christian believers.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>To Walys fled the <qex>christianitee</qex>

Of olde Britons.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>Chris`tian*i*za"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>The act or process of converting or being converted to a

true Christianity.</def>



<hw>Chris"tian*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Christianized</er>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. vb. n.</pos>

<er>Christianizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>christianiser</ets>, L. <ets>christianizare</ets>, fr. Gr.

<?/.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To make Christian; to convert to Christianity;

as, to <xex>Christianize</xex> pagans.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To imbue with or adapt to Christian

principles.</def>



<q><qex>Christianized</qex> philosophers.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<hw>Chris"tian*ize</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To adopt the

character or belief of a Christian; to become Christian.</def>



<q>The pagans began to <qex>Christianize</qex>.</q>

<qau>Latham.</qau>



<hw>Chris"tian*like`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Becoming to a Christian.</def>



<q>A virtuous and a <qex>Christianlike</qex> conclusion.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Chris"tian*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a manner becoming

the principles of the Christian religion.</def>



<q>Sufferings . . . patiently and <qex>Christianly</qex>

borne.</q>

<qau>Sharp.</qau>



<hw>Chris"tian*ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Christianlike.</def>



<au>Longfellow.</au>



<hw>Chris"tian*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Consonance with the

doctrines of Christianity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Hammond.</au>



<hw>Christ"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without

faith in Christ; unchristian.</def>



<au>Tennyson.</au>



<hw>Christ"like`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Resembling

Christ in character, actions, etc.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Christ"like`ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Christ"ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Christlike.</def>



<au>H. Bushnell.</au>



<hw>Christ"mas</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Christ</ets> + <ets>mass</ets>.]</ety> <def>An annual

church festival (December 25) and in some States a legal holiday,

in memory of the birth of Christ, often celebrated by a

particular church service, and also by special gifts, greetings,

and hospitality.</def>



<cs><col>Christmas box</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A box in which

presents are deposited at Christmas.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A

present or small gratuity given to young people and servants at

Christmas; a Christmas gift.</cd></cd> -- <col>Christmas

carol</col>, <cd>a carol sung at, or suitable for,

Christmas.</cd> -- <col>Christmas day</col>. <cd>Same as

<er>Christmas</er>.</cd> -- <col>Christmas eve</col>, <cd>the

evening before Christmas.</cd> -- <col>Christmas fern</col>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an evergreen North American fern

(<spn>Aspidium acrostichoides</spn>), which is much used for

decoration in winter.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Christmas flower</col>,

<col>Christmas rose</col></mcol>, <cd>the black hellebore, a

poisonous plant of the buttercup family, which in Southern Europe

often produces beautiful roselike flowers midwinter.</cd> --

<col>Christmas tree</col>, <cd>a small evergreen tree, set up

indoors, to be decorated with bonbons, presents, etc., and

illuminated on Christmas eve.</cd></cs>



<hw>Christ"mas*tide`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Christmas</ets> + <ets>tide</ets> time.]</ety>

<def>The season of Christmas.</def>



<hw>Chris"to*cen"tric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Christ</ets> + <ets>centric</ets>.]</ety> <def>Making

Christ the center, about whom all things are grouped, as in

religion or history; tending toward Christ, as the central object

of thought or emotion.</def>



<au>J. W. Chadwick.</au>



<hw>Chris*tol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Crist</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A treatise

on Christ; that department of theology which treats of the

personality, attributes, or life of Christ.</def>



<hw>Chris"tom</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Chrisom</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Chris*toph"a*ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Christ</ets> + Gr. <?/ to show.]</ety> <def>An

appearance of Christ, as to his disciples after the

crucifixion.</def>



<hw>Christ's-thorn`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of several prickly or thorny shrubs

found in Palestine, especially the <spn>Paliurus aculeatus</spn>,

<spn>Zizyphus Spina-Christi</spn>, and <spn>Z. vulgaris</spn>.

The last bears the fruit called <xex>jujube</xex>, and may be

considered to have been the most readily obtainable for the Crown

of Thorns.</def>



<hw>Chro"ma*scope</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

color + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for showing

the optical effects of color.</def>



<hw>Chro"mate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>chromate</ets>. See <er>Chrome</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of chromic acid.</def>



<hw>Chro*mat"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>chromaticus</ets>, Gr. <?/, suited for color, fr. <?/, <?/,

color; akin to <?/ color, <?/ skin, color of the skin.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Relating to color, or to colors.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Proceeding by the smaller

intervals (half steps or semitones) of the scale, instead of the

regular intervals of the diatonic scale.</def>



<note><hand/ The intermediate tones were formerly written and

printed in colors.</note>



<cs><col>Chromatic aberration</col>. <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <cd>See

<er>Aberration</er>, <er>4</er>.</cd> -- <col>Chromatic

printing</col>, <cd>printing from type or blocks covered with

inks of various colors.</cd> -- <col>Chromatic scale</col>

<fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>the scale consisting of thirteen tones,

including the eight scale tones and the five intermediate

tones.</cd></cs>



<hw>Chro*mat"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Chromatic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Chro*mat"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a chromatic

manner.</def>



<hw>Chro*mat"ics</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

science of colors; that part of optics which treats of the

properties of colors.</def>



<hw>Chro"ma*tin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

<?/, color.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Tissue which is

capable of being stained by dyes.</def>



<hw>Chro"ma*tism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a

coloring.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Optics)</fld> <def>The state of being colored,

as in the case of images formed by a lens.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An abnormal coloring of

plants.</def>



<hw>Chro`ma*tog"e*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/, <?/, color + <ets>-genous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Producing

color.</def>



<hw>Chro`ma*tog"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/, <?/, color + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A treatise on

colors</def>



<hw>Chro`ma*tol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/, <?/, color + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A treatise on

colors.</def>



<hw>Chro"ma*to*phore`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/, <?/, color + <?/ to bear.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A contractile cell or vesicle

containing liquid pigment and capable of changing its form or

size, thus causing changes of color in the translucent skin of

such animals as possess them. They are highly developed and

numerous in the cephalopods.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of the granules of

protoplasm, which in mass give color to the part of the plant

containing them.</def>



<hw>Chro"ma*to*scope`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/, <?/, color + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>

<def>A reflecting telescope, part of which is made to rotate

eccentrically, so as to produce a ringlike image of a star,

instead of a point; -- used in studying the scintillation of the

stars.</def>



<hw>Chro"ma*to*sphere`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

chromosphere.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Chro"ma*trope</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

color + <?/ turn, rotation, <?/  tu turn.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An instrument for exhibiting certain

chromatic effects of light (depending upon the persistence of

vision and mixture of colors) by means of rapidly rotating disks

variously colored.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A device in a magic lantern or stereopticon to

produce kaleidoscopic effects.</def>



<hw>Chro"ma*type</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

color + <?/ type.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Photog.)</fld> <def>A colored photographic

picture taken upon paper made sensitive with potassium bichromate

or some other salt of chromium.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The process by which such picture is made.</def>



<hw>Chrome</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Chromium</er>.</def>



<cs><col>Chrome alum</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a dark violet

substance, <chform>(SO4)3Cr2.K2SO4.24H2O</chform>, analogous to,

and crystallizing like, common alum. It is regarded as a double

sulphate of chromium and potassium.</cd> -- <col>Chrome

green</col> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The green oxide of chromium,

<chform>Cr2O3</chform>, used in enamel painting, and glass

staining.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A pigment made by mixing chrome

yellow with Prussian blue.</cd> -- <col>Chrome red</col>, <cd>a

beautiful red pigment originally prepared from the basic chromate

of lead, but now made from red oxide of lead.</cd> -- <col>Chrome

yellow</col>, <cd>a brilliant yellow pigment,

<chform>PbCrO4</chform>, used by painters.</cd></cs>



<hw>Chro"mic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>Pertaining to, or obtained from, chromium; -- said of the

compounds of chromium in which it has its higher valence.</def>



<cs><col>Chromic acid</col>, <cd>an acid,

<chform>H2CrO4</chform>, analogous to sulphuric acid, not readily

obtained in the free state, but forming well known salts, many of

which are colored pigments, as chrome yellow, chrome red,

etc.</cd> -- <col>Chromic anhydride</col>, <cd>a brilliant red

crystalline substance, <chform>CrO3</chform>, regarded as the

anhydride of chromic acid. It is one of the most powerful

oxidizers known.</cd></cs>



<hw>Chro"mid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a

kind of fish.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the

<spn>Chromid\'91</spn>, a family of fresh-water fishes abundant

in the tropical parts of America and Africa. Some are valuable

food fishes, as the <stype>bulti</stype> of the Nile.</def>



<hw>\'d8Chro`mi*dro"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ color + <?/ sweat.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Secretion of abnormally colored

perspiration.</def>



<hw>Chro"mism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Chromatism</er>.</def>



<hw>Chro"mite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A black submetallic mineral consisting of

oxide of chromium and iron; -- called also <altname>chromic

iron</altname>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound or salt of

chromous hydroxide regarded as an acid.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Chro"mi*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.

Gr. <?/ color.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A comparatively

rare element occurring most abundantly in the mineral chromite.

Atomic weight 52.5.  Symbol Cr.  When isolated it is a hard,

brittle, grayish white metal, fusible with difficulty. Its chief

commercial importance is for its compounds, as potassium

chromate, lead chromate, etc., which are brilliantly colored and

are used dyeing and calico printing. Called also

<altname>chrome</altname>.</def>

<-- used as an ingredient in stainless steel, or chrome steel.  

The yellow pigments are also used in paints, as in painting

yellow stripes on macadam highways. -->



<hw>Chro"mo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Chromos</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[Abbrev. from

<ets>chromo</ets>lithograph.]</ety> <def>A

chromolithograph.</def>



<hw>Chro"mo*blast</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

color + <ets>-blast</ets>.]</ety> <def>An embryonic cell which

develops into a pigment cell.</def>



<hw>Chro"mo*gen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <ety>[Gr. <?/ color +

<ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety> 



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Vegetable coloring matter

other than green; chromule.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Any colored compound,

supposed to contain one or more chromophores.</def>



<hw>Chro"mo*gen"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Containing, or capable of forming,

chromogen; <as>as, <ex>chromogenic</ex> bacteria</as>.</def>



<hw>Chro"mo*graph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

color + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>An apparatus by which a

number of copies of written matter, maps, plans, etc., can be

made; -- called also <altname>hectograph</altname>.</def>



<-- p. 254 -->



<hw>Chro`mo*leu"cite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ color + E. <ets>leucite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A chromoplastid.</def>



<hw>Chro`mo*lith"o*graph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ color + E. <ets>lithograph</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

picture printed in tints and colors by repeated impressions from

a series of stones prepared by the lithographic process.</def>



<hw>Chro`mo*li*thog"ra*pher</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>One who is engaged in chromolithography.</def>



<hw>Chro"mo*lith`o*graph"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to, or made by, chromolithography.</def>



<hw>Chro"mo*li*thoh"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Lithography adapted to printing in inks of various

colors.</def>



<hw>Chro"mo*phane</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

color + <?/ to show.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A general

name for the several coloring matters, red, green, yellow, etc.,

present in the inner segments in the cones of the retina, held in

solution by fats, and slowly decolorized by light; distinct from

the photochemical pigments of the rods of the retina.</def>



<hw>Chro"mo*phore</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

color + <?/ to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Any chemical

group or residue (as NO<?/; N<?/; or O<?/) which imparts some

decided color to the compound of which it is an ingredient.</def>



<hw>Chro`mo*pho*tog"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ color + E. <ets>photography</ets>.]</ety> <def>The

art of producing photographs in colors.</def>



<hw>Chro"mo*pho`to*lith"o*graph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>A photolithograph printed in colors.</def>



<hw>Chro`mo*plas"tid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ + E. <ets>plastid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

protoplasmic granule of some other color than green; -- also

called <altname>chromoleucite</altname>.</def>



<hw>Chro"mo*some`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

color + <?/ the body.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>One of the

minute bodies into which the chromatin of the nucleus is resolved

during mitotic cell division; the <altname>idant</altname> of

Weismann.</def>



<hw>Chro"mo*sphere</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

color + E. <ets>sphere</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>An

atmosphere of rare matter, composed principally of incandescent

hydrogen gas, surrounding the sun and enveloping the photosphere.

Portions of the chromosphere are here and there thrown up into

enormous tongues of flame.</def>



<hw>Chro`mo*spher"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to the chromosphere.</def>



<hw>Chro"mo*type</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

color + <ets>-type</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A sheet printed

in colors by any process, as a chromolithograph. See

<er>Chromolithograph</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A photographic picture in the natural

colors.</def>



<hw>Chro"mous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of,

pertaining to, or derived from, chromium, when this element has a

valence lower than that in chromic compounds.</def>



<cs><col>Chromous acid</col>, <cd>a bluish gray powder, CrO.OH,

of weak acid properties and regard as an acid.</cd></cs>



<hw>Chro"mule</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

color + <?/ matter.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A general name

for coloring matter of plants other than chlorophyll, especially

that of petals.</def>



<hw>Chron"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>chronicus</ets>, Gr. <?/ concerning time, from <?/ time: cf.

F. <ets>chronique</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Relating to

time; according to time.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Continuing for a long time; lingering;

habitual.</def>



<cs><col>Chronic disease</col>, <cd>one which is inveterate, of

long continuance, or progresses slowly, in distinction from an

<xex>acute<xex> disease, which speedly terminates.</cd></cs>



<hw>Chron"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Chronic.</def>



<q>Partly on a <qex>chronical</qex>, and partly on a topical

method.</q>

<qau>J. A. Alexander.</qau>



<hw>Chron"i*cle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>cronicle</ets>, fr. <ets>cronique</ets>, OF.

<ets>cronique</ets>, F. <ets>chronique</ets>, L.

<ets>chronica</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, neut. pl. of <?/. See

<er>Chronic</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An historical register

or account of facts or events disposed in the order of

time.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A narrative of events; a history; a

record.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The two canonical books of the

Old Testament in which immediately follow 2 Kings.</def>



<syn>Syn. - Register; record; annals. See <er>History</er>.</syn>



<hw>Chron"i*cle</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Chronicled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Chronicling</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To

record in a history or chronicle; to record; to register.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Chron"i*cler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A writer

of a chronicle; a recorder of events in the order of time; an

historian.</def>



<q>Such an honest <qex>chronicler</qex> as Griffith.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Chro`nique"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See

<er>Chronicle</er>.]</ety> <def>A chronicle.</def>



<au>L. Addison.</au>



<hw>Chron"o*gram</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

time + <?/ writing, character: cf. F.

<ets>chronogramme</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An inscription

in which certain numeral letters, made to appear specially

conspicuous, on being added together, express a particular date

or epoch, <as>as in the motto of a medal struck by Gustavus

Adolphus in 1632:

            ChrIstVs DVX; ergo trIVMphVs.

- the capitals of which give, when added as numerals, the sum

1632.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The record or inscription made by a

chronograph.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Chron`o*gram*mat"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Chron`o*gram*mat"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw>

<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>chronogrammatique</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Belonging to a chronogram, or containing one.</def>



<hw>Chron`o*gram"ma*tist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

writer of chronograms.</def>



<hw>Chron"o*graph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

time + <ets>-graph</ets>: cf. F. <ets>chronographe</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>An instrument for measuring or recording

intervals of time, upon a revolving drum or strip of paper moved

by clockwork. The action of the stylus or pen is controlled by

electricity.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Same as <er>Chronogram</er>, 1.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A chronoscope.</def>



<hw>Chro*nog"ra*pher</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

who writes a chronography; a chronologer.</def>



<au>Tooke.</au>



<hw>Chron`o*graph"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to a chronograph.</def>



<hw>Chro*nog"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/. See <er>Chronograph</er>.]</ety> <def>A description or

record of past time; history.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<hw>Chro*nol"o*ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Chronologist</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Chron`o*log"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Chron`o*log"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Relating to chronology; containing an

account of events in the order of time; according to the order of

time; <as>as, <ex>chronological</ex> tables</as>.</def>

<au>Raleigh</au>. -- <wordforms><wf>Chron`o*log"ic*al*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<mhw>{ <hw>Chro*nol"o*gist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Chro*nol"o*ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A person who investigates dates of

events and transactions; one skilled in chronology.</def>



<q>That learned noise and dust of the <qex>chronologist</qex> is

wholly to be avoided.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<q>THe most exact <qex>chronologers</qex> tell us that Christ was

born in October, and not in December.</q>

<qau>John Knox.</qau>



<hw>Chro*nol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Chronologies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/

time + <?/ discourse: cf. F. <ets>chronologie</ets>.]</ety>

<def>The science which treats of measuring time by regular

divisions or periods, and which assigns to events or transactions

their proper dates.</def>



<q>If history without <qex>chronology</qex> is dark and confused,

<qex>chronology</qex> without history is dry and insipid.</q>

<qau>A. Holmes.</qau>



<hw>Chro*nom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

time + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>chronom\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An instrument

for measuring time; a timekeeper.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A portable timekeeper, with a heavy compensation

balance, and usually beating half seconds; -- intended to keep

time with great accuracy for use an astronomical observations, in

determining longitude, etc.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A metronome.</def>



<cs><col>Box chronometer</col>. <cd>See under <er>Box</er>.</cd>

-- <col>Pocket chronometer</col>, <cd>a chronometer in the form

of a large watch.</cd> -- <col>To rate a chronometer</col>.

<cd>See <er>Rate</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos></cd></cs>



<mhw>{ <hw>Chron`o*met"ric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Chron`o*met"ric*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>chronom\'82trique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining

to a chronometer; measured by a chronometer.</def>



<hw>Chro*nom"e*try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>chronom\'82trie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art of measuring

time; the measuring of time by periods or divisions.</def>



<hw>Chron"o*pher</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

time + <?/ to carry.]</ety> <def>An instrument signaling the

correct time to distant points by electricity.</def>



<hw>Chron"o*scope</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

time + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for measuring

minute intervals of time; used in determining the velocity of

projectiles, the duration of short-lived luminous phenomena,

etc.</def>



<hw>Chrys"a*lid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining

to a chrysalis; resembling a chrysalis.</def>



<hw>Chrys"a*lid</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Chrysalids</plw>.</plu> <def>See <er>Chrysalis</er>.</def>



<hw>Chrys"a*lis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Chrysalides</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L.

<ets>chrysallis</ets> the gold-colored pupa of butterflies, Gr.

<?/, fr. <?/  gold. Cf. <er>Aurelia</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The pupa state of certain insects,

esp. of butterflies, from which the perfect insect emerges. See

<er>Pupa</er>, and <er>Aurelia</er> <sd>(a)</sd>.</def>



<hw>Chrys*an"i*line</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ gold + E. <ets>anilene</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>A yellow substance obtained as a by-product in the

manufacture of rosaniline. It dyes silk a fine golden-yellow

color.</def>



<hw>Chrys*an"the*mum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ gold + <?/ flower.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A genus of composite plants, mostly perennial, and of many

species including the many varieties of garden chrysanthemums

(annual and perennial), and also the feverfew and the oxeye

daisy.</def>



<hw>Chrys`a*ro"bin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

gold + <ets>araroba</ets> a foreign name of Goa powder +

<ets>-in</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A bitter, yellow

substance forming the essential constituent of Goa powder, and

yielding chrysophanic acid proper; hence formerly called also

<altname>chrysphanic acid</altname>.</def>



<hw>Chrys*au"rin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

gold + L. <ets>aurum</ets> gold. So called from its color.]</ety>

<def>An orange-colored dyestuff, of artificial production.</def>



<hw>Chrys`el*e*phan"tine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ gold + <?/ made of ivory, fr. <?/ ivory,

elephant.]</ety> <def>Composed of, or adorned with, gold and

ivory.</def>



<note><hand/ The <xex>chryselephantine</xex> statues of the

Greeks were built up with inferior materials, veneered, as it

were, with ivory for the flesh, and gold decorated with color for

the hair and garments.</note>



<hw>Chry"sene</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

gold.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of the higher aromatic

hydrocarbons of coal tar, allied to napthalene and anthracene. It

is a white crystalline substance, <chform>C18H12</chform>, of

strong blue fluorescence, but generally colored yellow by

impurities.</def>



<hw>Chrys"o*ber`yl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>chrysoberyllus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ gold + <?/ beryl.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral, found in crystals, of a yellow

to green or brown color, and consisting of aluminia and glucina.

It is very hard, and is often used as a gem.</def>



<hw>Chrys"o*chlore</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

gold + <?/ light green: cf. F. <ets>chrysochlore</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A South African mole of the genus

<spn>Chrysochloris</spn>; the golden mole, the fur of which

reflects brilliant metallic hues of green and gold.</def>



<hw>Chrys"o*col`la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.

Gr. <?/ gold solder; <?/ gold + <?/ glue.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A hydrous silicate of copper, occurring

massive, of a blue or greenish blue color.</def>



<hw>Chrys"o*gen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

gold + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellow

crystalline substance extracted from crude anthracene.</def>



<hw>Chry*sog"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/; <?/ gold + <?/ to write.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The art of

writing in letters of gold.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A writing executed in letters of gold.</def>



<hw>Chrys*o"\'8b*dine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ gold + <ets>-oid</ets> + <ets>-ine</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An artificial, yellow, crystalline dye,

<chform>C6H5N2.C6H3(NH2)2</chform>. Also, one of a group of

dyestuffs resembling chryso\'8bdine proper.</def>



<hw>Chrys"o*lite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>chrysolithos</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ gold + <?/ stone: cf. F.

<ets>chrysolithe</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral,

composed of silica, magnesia, and iron, of a yellow to green

color. It is common in certain volcanic rocks; -- called also

<altname>olivine</altname> and <altname>peridot</altname>.

Sometimes used as a gem. The name was also early used for yellow

varieties of tourmaline and topaz.</def>



<hw>Chry*sol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

gold + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>That branch of political

economy which relates to the production of wealth.</def>



<hw>\'d8Chrys*o"pa</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

from Gr. <?/ gold + <?/, <?/, eye, face.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of neuropterous insects. See

<er>Lacewing</er>.</def>



<hw>Chrys"o*phane</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

gold + <?/ to show.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A glucoside

extracted from rhubarb as a bitter, yellow, crystalline powder,

and yielding chrysophanic acid on decomposition.</def>



<hw>Chrys`o*phan"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to, or derived from, or resembling,

chrysophane.</def>



<cs><col>Chrysophanic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a yellow

crystalline substance extracted from rhubarb, yellow dock,

sienna, chrysarobin, etc., and shown to be a derivative of an

anthracene. It is used in the treatment of skin diseases; --

called also <altname>rhein</altname>, <altname>rheic

acid</altname>, <altname>rhubarbarin</altname>, etc.</cd></cs>



<hw>Chrys"o*prase</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>crisopace</ets>, OF. <ets>crisoprace</ets>, F.

<ets>chrysoprase</ets>, L. <ets>chrysoprasus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/;

<?/ gold + <?/ leek.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An apple-green

variety of chalcedony, colored by nickel. It has a dull flinty

luster, and is sometimes used in jewelry.</def>



<hw>\'d8Chry*sop"ra*sus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.]</ety> <def>See <er>Chrysoprase</er>.</def>



<au>Rev. xxi. 20.</au>



<hw>Chrys"o*sperm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

gold + <?/ seed.]</ety> <def>The seed of gold; a means of

creating gold.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Chrys"o*type</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

gold + <ets>-type</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A photographic

picture taken upon paper prepared by the use of a sensitive salt

of iron and developed by the application of chloride of

gold.</def>



<au>Abney.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>2process, invented by Sir J.Herschel.</def>



<hw>Chthon"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

<?/, the earth.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the earth; earthy;

<as>as, <ex>chthonic</ex> religions</as>.</def>



<q>[The] <qex>chthonic</qex> character of the wife of Zeus.</q>

<qau>Max M\'81ller.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Chthon`o*pha"gi*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Chtho*noph"a*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL. <ets>chthonophagia</ets>; Gr. <?/, <?/, earth + <?/ to

eat.]</ety> <def>A disease characterized by an irresistible

desire to eat earth, observed in some parts of the southern

United States, the West Indies, etc.</def>



<hw>Chub</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[This word seems

to signify a large or thick fish. Cf. Sw. <ets>kubb</ets> a short

and thick piece of wood, and perh. F. <ets>chabot</ets>

chub.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species to fresh-water

fish of the <xex>Cyprinid\'91</xex> or Carp family. The common

European species is <xex>Leuciscus cephalus</xex>; the cheven. In

America the name is applied to various fishes of the same family,

of the genera <xex>Semotilus</xex>, <xex>Squalius</xex>,

<xex>Ceratichthys</xex>, etc., and locally to several very

different fishes, as the <xex>tautog</xex>, <xex>black

bass</xex>, etc.</def>



<cs><col>Chub mackerel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a species

of mackerel (<spn>Scomber colias</spn>) in some years found in

abundance on the Atlantic coast, but absent in others; -- called

also <altname>bull mackerel</altname>,

<altname>thimble-eye</altname>, and <altname>big-eye

mackerel</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Chub sucker</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a fresh-water fish of the United

States (<spn>Erimyzon sucetta</spn>); -- called also

<altname>creekfish</altname>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Chub"bed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Chubby.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>H. Brooke.</au>



<hw>Chub"bed*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being

chubby.</def>



<hw>Chub"by</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a chub;

plump, short, and thick.</def> \'bd<xex>Chubby</xex> faces.\'b8



<au>I. Taylor.</au>



<hw>Chub"-faced`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a

plump, short face.</def>



<hw>Chuck</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Chucked</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Chucking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Imitative of the

sound.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make a noise resembling that of

a hen when she calls her chickens; to cluck.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To chuckle; to laugh.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Marston.</au>



<hw>Chuck</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To call, as a hen her

chickens.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Chuck</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The chuck or call

of a hen.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A sudden, small noise.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A word of endearment; -- corrupted from

<xex>chick</xex>.</def> \'bdPray, <xex>chuck</xex>, come

hither.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Chuck</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Chucked</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Chucking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.

<ets>choquer</ets> to strike. Cf. <er>Shock</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To strike gently; to give a

gentle blow to.</def>



<q><qex>Chucked</qex> the barmaid under the chin.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To toss or throw smartly out of the hand; to

pitch.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> \'bdMahomet Ali will just be

<xex>chucked</xex> into the Nile.\'b8



<au>Lord Palmerson.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>To place in a chuck, or hold

by means of a chuck, as in turning; to bore or turn (a hole) in a

revolving piece held in a chuck.</def>



<hw>Chuck</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A slight blow or

pat under the chin.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A short throw; a toss.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A contrivance or machine

fixed to the mandrel of a lathe, for holding a tool or the

material to be operated upon.</def>



<-- p. 255 -->



<cs><col>Chuck farthing</col>, <cd>a play in which a farthing is

pitched into a hole; pitch farthing.</cd> -- <col>Chuck

hole</col>, <cd>a deep hole in a wagon rut.</cd> -- <col>Elliptic

chuck</col>, <cd>a chuck having a silder and an eccentric circle,

which, as the work turns round, give it a sliding motion across

the center which generates an ellipse.</cd></cs>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Chuck</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

small pebble; -- called also <altname>chuckstone</altname> and

<altname>chuckiestone</altname>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>A game played with chucks, in

which one or more are tossed up and caught; jackstones.</def>

<mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Chuck</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A piece of the backbone of an

animal, from between the neck and the collar bone, with the

adjoining parts, cut for cooking; <as>as, a <ex>chuck</ex> steak;

a <ex>chuck</ex> roast.</as></def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Chuc"kle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Chuckled</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Chuckling</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From lst <er>Chuck</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To call, as a hen her chickens; to cluck.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To fondle; to cocker.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Chuc"kle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A short, suppressed laugh;

the expression of satisfaction, exultation, or derision.</def>



<hw>Chuc"kle</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[From lst

<er>Chuck</er>.]</ety> <def>To laugh in a suppressed or broken

manner, as expressing inward satisfaction, exultation, or

derision.</def>



<hw>Chuc"kle*head`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A person

with a large head; a numskull; a dunce.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>



<au>Knowles.</au>



<hw>Chuc"kle*head`ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a large

head; thickheaded; dull; stupid.</def>



<au>Smart.</au>



<hw>Chuck`-Will's-wid"ow</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zool.)</fld> <def>A species of goatsucker (<spn>Antrostomus

Carolinensis</spn>), of the southern United States; -- so called

from its note.</def>



<hw>Chud</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Chew</er>, <er>Cud</er>.]</ety> <def>To champ; to bite.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>A. Stafford.</au>



<hw>Chu"et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Chew</er>, v. t.]</ety> <def>Minced meat.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>\'d8Chu"fa</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A sedgelike plant (<spn>Cyperus

esculentus</spn>) producing edible tubers, native about the

Mediterranean, now cultivated in many regions; the earth

almond.</def>



<hw>Chuff</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Perh. a

modification of <ets>chub</ets>: cf. W. <ets>cyff</ets> stock,

stump.]</ety> <def>A coarse or stupid fellow.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Chuff</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Stupid; churlish.</def>

<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<au>Wright.</au>



<hw>Chuff"i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>Clownishly; surlily.</def>



<hw>Chuff"i*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

chuffy.</def>



<hw>Chuff"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Fat

or puffed out in the cheeks.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Rough; clownish; surly.</def>



<hw>Chu"lan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>The fragrant flowers of the <xex>Chloranthus

inconspicuus</xex>, used in China for perfuming tea.</def>



<hw>Chum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Perh. a

contraction fr. <ets>comrade</ets> or <ets>chamber fellow</ets>:

cf. also AS. <ets>cuma</ets> a comer, guest.]</ety> <def>A

roommate, especially in a college or university; an old and

intimate friend.</def>



<hw>Chum</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. p. p.</pos>

<er>Chummed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Chumming</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To occupy a chamber with

another; <as>as, to <ex>chum</ex> together at college</as>.</def>

<mark>[U. S.]</mark>



<hw>Chum</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Chopped pieces of fish used as

bait.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>



<hw>Chump</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Icel.

<ets>kumbr</ets> a chopping, E. <ets>chop</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

short, thick, heavy piece of wood.</def>



<au>Morton.</au>



<cs><col>Chump end</col>, <cd>the thick end; as, the <xex>chump

end<xex> of a joint of meat.</cd></cs>



<au>Dickens.</au>



<hw>\'d8Chu*nam"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Hind.

<ets>ch\'d4n\'be</ets>, from Skr. <ets>c\'d4r\'c9a</ets> powder,

dust; or a Dravidian word.]</ety> <def>Quicklime; also, plaster

or mortar.</def> <mark>[India]</mark>



<au>Whitworth.</au>



<hw>Chunk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Chump</er>.]</ety> <def>A short, thick piece of

anything.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U. S. & Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Chunk"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Short and

thick.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>



<au>Kane.</au>



<hw>Church</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>chirche</ets>, <ets>chireche</ets>, <ets>cherche</ets>,

Scot. <ets>kirk</ets>, from AS. <ets>circe</ets>,

<ets>cyrice</ets>; akin to D. <ets>kerk</ets>, Icel.

<ets>kirkja</ets>, Sw. <ets>kyrka</ets>, Dan. <ets>kirke</ets>,

G. <ets>kirche</ets>, OHG. <ets>chirihha</ets>; all fr. Gr. <?/

the Lord's house, fr. <?/ concerning a master or lord, fr. <?/

master, lord, fr. <?/ power, might; akin to Skr.

<ets>\'87\'d4ra</ets> hero, Zend. <ets>\'87ura</ets> strong, OIr.

<ets>caur</ets>, <ets>cur</ets>, hero. Cf. <er>Kirk</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A building set apart for Christian

worship.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A Jewish or heathen temple.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Acts xix. 37.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A formally organized body of Christian believers

worshiping together.</def> \'bdWhen they had ordained them elders

in every <xex>church</xex>.\'b8



<au>Acts xiv. 23.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A body of Christian believers, holding the same

creed, observing the same rites, and acknowledging the same

ecclesiastical authority; a denomination; <as>as, the Roman

Catholic <ex>church</ex>; the Presbyterian

<ex>church</ex>.</as></def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The collective body of Christians.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Any body of worshipers; <as>as, the Jewish

<ex>church</ex>; the <ex>church</ex> of Brahm.</as></def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>The aggregate of religious influences in a

community; ecclesiastical influence, authority, etc.; <as>as, to

array the power of the <ex>church</ex> against some moral

evil</as>.</def>



<q>Remember that both <qex>church</qex> and state are properly

the rulers of the people, only because they are their

benefactors.</q>

<qau>Bulwer.</qau>



<note><hand/ <xex>Church</xex> is often used in composition to

denote something belonging or relating to the church; as,

<xex>church</xex> authority; <xex>church</xex> history;

<xex>church</xex> member; <xex>church</xex> music, etc.</note>



<cs><col>Apostolic church</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Apostolic</er>.</cd> -- <col>Broad church</col>. <cd>See

<er>Broad Church</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Catholic</col> <or/

<col>Universal church</col></mcol>, <cd>the whole body of

believers in Christ throughout the world.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Church of England</col>, <or/ <col>English

church</col></mcol>, <cd>the Episcopal church established and

endowed in England by law.</cd> -- <col>Church living</col>,

<cd>a benefice in an established church.</cd> -- <col>Church

militant</col>. <cd>See under <er>Militant</er>.</cd> --

<col>Church owl</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the white owl.

See <er>Barn owl</er>.</cd> -- <col>Church rate</col>, <cd>a tax

levied on parishioners for the maintenance of the church and its

services.</cd> -- <col>Church session</col></mcol>. <cd>See under

<er>Session</er>.</cd> -- <col>Church triumphant</col>. <cd>See

under <er>Triumphant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Church work</col>,

<cd>work on, or in behalf of, a church; the work of a particular

church for the spread of religion.</cd> -- <col>Established

church</col>, <cd>the church maintained by the civil authority; a

state church.</cd></cs>



<hw>Church</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Churched</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Churching</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To bless according

to a prescribed form, or to unite with in publicly returning

thanks in church, as after deliverance from the dangers of

childbirth; <as>as, the <ex>churching</ex> of women</as>.</def>



<hw>Church"-ale`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A church

or parish festival (as in commemoration of the dedication of a

church), at which much ale was used.</def>



<au>Wright. Nares.</au>



<hw>Church"-bench`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A seat

in the porch of a church.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Church"dom</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

institution, government, or authority of a church.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Pearson.</au>



<hw>Church"go`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

attends church.</def>



<hw>Church"go`ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Habitually

attending church.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Summoning to church.</def>



<q>The sound of the <qex>churchgoing</qex> bell.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<hw>Church"-haw`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Church</ets> + <ets>haw</ets> a yard.]</ety>

<def>Churchyard.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Church"ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Strict

adherence to the forms or principles of some church organization;

sectarianism.</def>



<hw>Church"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without a

church.</def>



<au>T. Fuller.</au>



<hw>Church"like`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Befitting

a church or a churchman; becoming to a clergyman.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Church"li*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Regard

for the church.</def>



<hw>Church"ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to, or suitable

for, the church; ecclesiastical.</def>



<hw>Church"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Churchmen</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An

ecclesiastic or clergyman.</def>



<sn>2.</sn>  <def>An Episcopalian, or a member of the Established

Church of England.</def> \'bdA zealous <xex>churchman</xex>.\'b8



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<sn>3.</sn>  <def>One was is attached to, or attends,

church.</def>



<hw>Church"man*ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to, or

becoming, a churchman.</def>



<au>Milman.</au>



<hw>Church"man*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or quality

of being a churchman; attachment to the church.</def>



<hw>Church" modes`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The

modes or scales used in ancient church music. See

<er>Gregorian</er>.</def>



<hw>Church"ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>State of being a

church.</def>



<au>South.</au>



<hw>Church"ward`en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One of the officers (usually two) in an Episcopal church,

whose duties vary in different dioceses, but always include the

provision of what is necessary for the communion service.</def>



<sn>2.</sn>  <def>A clay tobacco pipe, with a long tube.</def>

<mark>[Slang, Eng.]</mark>



<q>There was a small wooden table placed in front of the

smoldering fire, with decanters, a jar of tobacco, and two long

<qex>churchwardens</qex>.</q>

<qau>W. Black.</qau>



<hw>Church"ward`en*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The office of a

churchwarden.</def>



<hw>Church"y</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Relating to a church;

unduly fond of church forms.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Church"yard`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The ground

adjoining a church, in which the dead are buried; a

cemetery.</def>



<q>Like graves in the holy <qex>churchyard</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Burial place; burying ground; graveyard; necropolis;

cemetery; God's acre.</syn>



<hw>Churl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>ceorl</ets> a freeman of the lowest rank, man, husband; akin

to D. <ets>karel</ets>, <ets>kerel</ets>, G. <ets>kerl</ets>,

Dan. & Sw. <ets>karl</ets>, Icel. <ets>karl</ets>, and to the E.

proper name <ets>Charles</ets> (orig., <ets>man</ets>,

<ets>male</ets>), and perh. to Skr. <ets>j\'bera</ets> lover. Cf.

<er>Carl</er>, <er>Charles's Wain</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

rustic; a countryman or laborer.</def> \'bdA peasant or

<xex>churl</xex>.\'b8



<au>Spenser.</au>



<q>Your rank is all reversed; let men of cloth

Bow to the stalwart <qex>churls</qex> in overalls.</q>

<qau>Emerson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A rough, surly, ill-bred man; a boor.</def>



<q>A <qex>churl's</qex> courtesy rarely comes, but either for

gain or falsehood.</q>

<qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A selfish miser; an illiberal person; a

niggard.</def>



<q>Like to some rich <qex>churl</qex> hoarding up his pelf.</q>

<qau>Drayton.</qau>



<hw>Churl</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Churlish; rough;

selfish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Ford.</au>



<hw>Churl"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Like a churl;

rude; cross-grained; ungracious; surly; illiberal;

niggardly.</def> \'bd<xex>Churlish</xex> benefits.\'b8



<au>Ld. Burleigh.</au>



<q>Half mankind maintain a <qex>churlish</qex> strife.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Wanting pliancy; unmanageable; unyielding; not

easily wrought; <as>as, a <ex>churlish</ex> soil; the

<ex>churlish</ex> and intractable nature of some

minerals.</as></def>



<au>Boyle.</au>



<hw>Churl"ish*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a churlish

manner.</def>



<hw>Churl"ish*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Rudeness of manners

or temper; lack of kindness or courtesy.</def>



<hw>Churl"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Rude; churlish;

violent.</def>



<au>Longfellow.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Churme</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Chirm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>

}</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Chirm</er>.]</ety>

<def>Clamor, or confused noise; buzzing.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The <qex>churme</qex> of a thousand taunts and reproaches.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<hw>Churn</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>chirne</ets>, <ets>cherne</ets>, AS. <ets>ceren</ets>,

<ets>cyrin</ets>; akin to D. <ets>karn</ets>, Dan.

<ets>kierne</ets>. See <er>Churn</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>

<def>A vessel in which milk or cream is stirred, beaten, or

otherwise agitated (as by a plunging or revolving dasher) in

order to separete the oily globules from the other parts, and

obtain butter.</def>



<hw>Churn</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Churned</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Churning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>chernen</ets>, AS. <ets>cernan</ets>; akin to LG.

<ets>karnen</ets>, G. <ets>kernen</ets>, D. <ets>karnen</ets>,

Dan. <ets>kierne</ets>, Sw. <ets>k\'84rna</ets>, and also to E.

<ets>corn</ets>, <ets>kernel</ets>, the meaning coming from the

idea of extracting the kernel or marrow. See

<er>Kernel</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To stir, beat, or

agitate, as milk or cream in a churn, in order to make

butter.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To shake or agitate with violence.</def>



<q><qex>Churned</qex> in his teeth, the foamy venom rose.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<hw>Churn</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To perform the operation of

churning.</def>



<hw>Churn"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of one

who churns.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The quantity of butter made at one

operation.</def>



<hw>\'d8Chur"rus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Hind.

<ets>charas</ets>.]</ety> <def>A powerfully narcotic and

intoxicating gum resin which exudes from the flower heads, seeds,

etc., of Indian hemp.</def>



<hw>Churr"worm`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>cyrran</ets>, <ets>cerran</ets>, to turn.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An insect that turns about nimbly; the

mole cricket; -- called also <altname>fan

cricket</altname>.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Chuse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>See

Choose.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Chute</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>chute</ets>, prop. a fall.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

framework, trough, or tube, upon or through which objects are

made to slide from a higher to a lower level, or through which

water passes to a wheel.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>See <er>Shoot</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Chut"ney</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Chut"nee</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Hind.

<ets>chatn\'c6</ets>.]</ety> <def>A warm or spicy condiment or

pickle made in India, compounded of various vegetable substances,

sweets, acids, etc.</def>



<hw>Chy*la"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Possessed of the properties of chyle;

consisting of chyle.</def>



<hw>Chy*la"que*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Chyle</ets> + <ets>aqueous</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Consisting of chyle much diluted with

water; -- said of a liquid which forms the circulating fluid of

some inferior animals.</def>



<hw>Chyle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.

<ets>chylus</ets>, Gr. <?/ juice, chyle, fr. <?/ to pour: cf. F.

<ets>chyle</ets>; prob. akin to E. <ets>fuse</ets> to

melt.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A milky fluid containing

the fatty matter of the food in a state of emulsion, or fine

mechanical division; formed from chyme by the action of the

intestinal juices. It is absorbed by the lacteals, and conveyed

into the blood by the thoracic duct.</def>



<hw>Chyl`i*fac"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Chyle</ets> + L. <ets>facere</ets> to make.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The act or process by which chyle is

formed from food in animal bodies; chylification, -- a digestive

process.</def>



<hw>Chyl`i*fac"tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Producing, or converting into, chyle;

having the power to form chyle.</def>



<hw>Chy*lif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>[<ets>Chyle</ets> + <xex>-ferous</xex>: cf. F.

<xex>chylif\'8are</xex>.] <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> Transmitting or

conveying chyle; <as>as, <ex>chyliferous</ex> vessels</as>.</def>



<hw>Chy*lif"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Chylifactive.</def>



<hw>Chyl`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The formation of chyle. See

<er>Chylifaction</er>.</def>



<hw>Chy*lif"i*ca*to*ry</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Chylifactive.</def>



<hw>Chy"li*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Chyle</ets> + <ets>-ly</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>To make chyle of; to be converted into

chyle.</def>



<hw>Chy`lo*po*et"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<grk>chylopoiei^n</grk> to make into juice, <grk>chylo`s</grk>

juice, chyle + <grk>poiei^n</grk> to make.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Concerned in the formation of chyle;

<as>as, the <ex>chylopoetic</ex> organs</as>.</def>



<hw>Chy"lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>chyleux</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Consisting

of, or similar to, chyle.</def>



<hw>\'d8Chy*lu"ri*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.

from Gr. <?/ chyle + <?/ urine.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A

morbid condition in which the urine contains chyle or fatty

matter, giving it a milky appearance.</def>



<hw>Chyme</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>chymus</ets> chyle, Gr. <?/ juice, like <?/, fr. <?/ to

pour: cf. F. <ets>chyme</ets>. See <er>Chyle</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The pulpy mass of semi-digested food

in the small intestines just after its passage from the stomach.

It is separated in the intestines into chyle and excrement. See

<er>Chyle</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Chym"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Chym"ist</hw>,

<hw>Chym"is*try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. }</mhw> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<def>See <er>Chemic</er>, <er>Chemist</er>,

<er>Chemistry</er>.</def>



<hw>Chy*mif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Chyme</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Bearing or containing chyme.</def>



<hw>Chym`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Chyme</ets> + L. <ets>facere</ets> to make: cf. F.

<ets>Chymification</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The

conversion of food into chyme by the digestive action of gastric

juice.</def>



<hw>Chym"i*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Chyme</ets> + <ets>-fy</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>chymifier</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>To form

into chyme.</def>



<hw>Chy"mous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to chyme.</def>



<hw>Chy*om"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

to pour + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An

instrument for measuring liquids. It consists of a piston moving

in a tube in which is contained the liquid, the quantity expelled

being indicated by the graduation upon the piston rod.</def>



<hw>Ci*ba"ri*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cibaruus</ets>, fr. <ets>cibus</ets> food.]</ety>

<def>Pertaining to food; edible.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Ci*ba"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cibatio</ets>, fr. <ets>cibare</ets> to feed.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of taking food.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Alchemy)</fld> <def>The process or operation of

feeding the contents of the crucilbe with fresh material.</def>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Cib"ol</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>ciboule</ets>, LL. <ets>cepula</ets>, <ets>cepola</ets>,

dim. of L. <ets>cepa</ets>, <ets>caepa</ets>, <ets>caepe</ets>,

an onion. Cf. <er>Chibbal</er>, <er>Cives</er>.]</ety> <def>A

perennial alliaceous plant (<spn>Allium fistulosum</spn>),

sometimes called <xex>Welsh onion</xex>. Its fistular leaves

areused in cookery.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ci*bo"ri*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>: <plu>pl.

<plw>Ciboria</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[LL., fr. L.

<ets>ciborium</ets> a cup, fr. Gr. <?/ a seed vessel of the

Egyptian bean; also, a cup made from its largeleaves, or

resembling its seed vessel in shape.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A canopy usually standing free and

supported on four columns, covering the high altar, or, very

rarely, a secondary altar.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>The coffer or case in

which the host is kept; the pyx.</def>



<hw>Ci*ca"da</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.

<plw>Cicadas</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, L. <plw>Cicad\'91</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>Any species of the genus <spn>Cicada</spn>. They are large

hemipterous insects, with nearly transparent wings. The male

makes a shrill sound by pecular organs in the under side of the

abdomen, consisting of a pair of stretched membranes, acted upon

by powerful muscles. A noted American species (<spn>C.

septendecim</spn>) is called the <stype>seventeen year

locust</stype>. Another common species is the <stype>dogday

cicada</stype>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ci*ca"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It., fr.

L. <ets>cicada</ets>.]</ety> <def>A cicada. See

<er>Cicada</er>.</def> \'bdAt eve a dry <xex>cicala</xex>

sung.\'b8



<au>Tennison.</au>



<hw>Cic"a*trice</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L.

<ets>cicatrix</ets>.]</ety> <def>A cicatrix.</def>



<hw>Cic`a*tri"cial</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Relating to, or having the character of, a

cicatrix.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>Cic"a*tri`cle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>cicatricule</ets>, fr. L. <ets>cicatricula</ets> a small

scar, fr. <ets>cicatrix</ets> a scar.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>

<def>The germinating point in the embryo of a seed; the point in

the yolk of an egg at which development begins.</def>



<hw>Cic"a*tri`sive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Tending

to promote the formation of a cicatrix; good for healing of a

wound.</def>



<-- p. 256 -->



<hw>\'d8Ci*ca"trix</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Cicatrices</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The pellicle which forms over a wound or

breach of continuity and completes the process of healing in the

latter, and which subsequently contracts and becomes white,

forming the scar.</def>



<hw>Cic"a*tri`zant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>cicatrisant</ets>, properly p. pr. of

<ets>cicatriser</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A medicine

or application that promotes the healing of a sore or wound, or

the formation of a cicatrix.</def>



<hw>Cic`a*tri*za"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>cicatrisation</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The

process of forming a cicatrix, or the state of being

cicatrized.</def>



<hw>Cic"a*trize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Cicatrized</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Cicatrizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>cicatriser</ets>, fr. <ets>cicatrice</ets>, L.

<ets>cicatrix</ets>, scar.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To heal

or induce the formation of a cicatrix in, as in wounded or

ulcerated flesh.</def>



<au>Wiseman.</au>



<hw>Cic"a*trize</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To

heal; to have a new skin.</def>



<hw>Cic"a*trose`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of

scars.</def>



<au>Craig.</au>



<hw>Cic"e*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>seselis</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/; perh. ultimately of Egyptian

origin.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any one of several

umbelliferous plants, of the genera <xex>Myrrhis</xex>,

<xex>Osmorrhiza</xex>, etc.</def>



<hw>Cic"e*ro</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Print.)</fld>

<def>Pica type; -- so called by French printers.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ci`ce*ro"ne</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

It. <plw>Ciceroni</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, E. <plw>Cicerones</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[It., fr. L. <ets>Cicero</ets>, the

Roman orator. So called from the ordinary talkativeness of such a

guide.]</ety> <def>One who shows strangers the curiosities of a

place; a guide.</def>



<q>Every glib and loquacious hireling who shows strangers about

their picture galleries, palaces, and ruins, is termed by them

[the Italians] a <qex>cicerone</qex>, or a Cicero.</q>

<qau>Trench.</qau>



<hw>Cic`e*ro"ni*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Ciceronianus</ets>, fr. <ets>Cicero</ets>, the

orator.]</ety> <def>Resembling Cicero in style or action;

eloquent.</def>



<hw>Cic`e*ro"ni*an*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Imitation of, or resemblance to, the style or action Cicero;

a Ciceronian phrase or expression.</def> \'bdGreat study in

<xex>Ciceronianism</xex>, the chief abuse of Oxford.\'b8



<au>Sir P. Sidney.</au>



<hw>Cich`o*ra"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Chicory</er>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to, or resembling, a

suborder of composite plants of which the chicory

(<spn>Cichorium</spn>) is the type.</def>



<hw>Cich"-pea`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

chick-pea.</def>



<au>Holland.</au>



<hw>Ci*cis"be*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state

or conduct of a cicisbeo.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ci`cis*be"o</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

It. <plw>Cicisbei</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[It.]</ety> 



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A professed admirer of a married woman; a

dangler about women.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A knot of silk or ribbon attached to a fan,

walking stick, etc.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Cic"la*toun`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Of.

<ets>ciclaton</ets>.]</ety> <def>A costly cloth, of uncertain

material, used in the Middle Ages.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>checklaton</asp>,

<asp>chekelatoun</asp>.]</altsp>



<q>His robe was of <qex>ciclatoun</qex>,

That coste many a Jane.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>Cic"u*rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cicurare</ets> to tame, fr. <ets>cicur</ets> tame.]</ety>

<def>To tame.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Cic`u*ra"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>cicuration</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of taming.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Ray.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ci*cu"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., the

poison hemlock.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>a genus of

poisonous umbelliferous plants, of which the water hemlock or

cowbane is best known.</def>



<note><hand/ The name <xex>cicuta</xex> is sometimes erroneously

applied to <xex>Conium maculatum</xex>, or <xex>officinal

hemlock</xex>.</note>



<hw>Cic`u*tox"in</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The active principle of the water hemlock

(<spn>Cicuta</spn>) extracted as a poisonous gummy

substance.</def>



<hw>Cid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp., fr. Ar.

<ets>seid</ets> lord.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Chief or commander; in Spanish literature, a

title of Ruy Diaz, Count of Bivar, a champion of Christianity and

of the old Spanish royalty, in the 11th century.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An epic poem, which celebrates the exploits of

the Spanish national hero, Ruy Diaz.</def>



<hw>Ci"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>cidre</ets>, OF. sidre, fr. L. <ets>sicera</ets> a kind of

strong drink, Gr. <?/; of Oriental origin; cf. Heb.

<ets>sh\'bekar</ets> to be intoxicated, <ets>sh\'c7k\'ber</ets>

strong drink.]</ety> <def>The expressed juice of apples. It is

used as a beverage, for making vinegar, and for other

purposes.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Cider</xex> was formerly used to signify the

juice of other fruits, and other kinds of strong liquor, but was

not applied to wine.</note>



<cs><col>Cider brandy</col>, <cd>a kind of brandy distilled from

cider.</cd> -- <col>Cider mill</col>, <cd>a mill in which cider

is made.</cd> -- <col>Cider press</col>, <cd>the press of a cider

mill.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ci`der*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A maker of cider.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Mortimer.</au>



<hw>Ci"der*kin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cider</ets> + <ets>-kin</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of

weak cider made by steeping the refuse pomace in water.</def>



<q><qex>Ciderkin</qex> is made for common drinking, and supplies

the place of small beer.</q>

<qau>Mortimer.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Ci`-de*vant"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.,

hitherto, formerly.]</ety> <def>Former; previous; of times gone

by; <as>as, a <ex>cidevant</ex> governor</as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cierge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L.

<ets>cera</ets> wax.]</ety> <def>A wax candle used in religous

rites.</def>



<hw>Ci*gar"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.

<ets>cigarro</ets>, orig., a kind of tobacco in the island of

Cuba: cf. F. <ets>cigare</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small roll of

tobacco, used for smoking.</def>



<cs><col>Cigar fish</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a fish

(<spn>Decapterus punctatus</spn>), allied to the mackerel, found

on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cig`a*rette"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>cigarette</ets>.]</ety> <def>A little cigar; a little fine

tobacco rolled in paper for smoking.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cil"i*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<wordforms><wf>Cilium</wf>, the sing., is rarely

used.</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>cilium</ets> eyelid.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The eyelashes.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Small, generally microscopic,

vibrating appendages lining certain organs, as the air passages

of the higher animals, and in the lower animals often covering

also the whole or a part of the exterior. They are also found on

some vegetable organisms. In the Infusoria, and many larval

forms, they are locomotive organs.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Hairlike processes, commonly

marginal and forming a fringe like the eyelash.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Small, vibratory, swimming

organs, somewhat resembling true cilia, as those of

Ctenophora.</def>



<hw>Cil"ia*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>ciliaire</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the cilia, or

eyelashes. Also applied to special parts of the eye itself;

<as>as, the <ex>ciliary</ex> processes of the choroid coat; the

<ex>ciliary</ex> muscle, etc.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to or connected

with the cilia in animal or vegetable organisms; <as>as,

<ex>ciliary</ex> motion</as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cil`i*a"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[NL.

See <er>Cilia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the

orders of Infusoria, characterized by having cilia. In some

species the cilia cover the body generally, in others they form a

band around the mouth.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cil"i*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Cil"i*a`ted</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Provided with, or

surrounded by, cilia; <as>as, a <ex>ciliate</ex> leaf</as>;

endowed with vibratory motion; <as>as, the <ex>ciliated</ex>

epithelium of the windpipe</as>.</def>



<hw>Cil"ice</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See

<er>Cilicious</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of haircloth

undergarment.</def>



<au>Southey.</au>



<hw>Ci*li"cian</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Cilicia in Asia Minor.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos>

<def>A native or inhabitant of Cilicia.</def></def2>



<hw>Ci*li"cious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cilicium</ets> a covering, orig. made of Cilician goat's

hair, fr. <ets>Cilicious</ets> Cilician, fr. <ets>Cilicia</ets>,

a province of Asia Minor.]</ety> <def>Made, or consisting, of

hair.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A <qex>Cilicious</qex> or sackcloth habit.</q>

<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cil"i*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Cil"i*i*form`</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Cilium</ets> +

<ets>-form</ets>]</ety> <def>Having the form of cilia; very fine

or slender.</def>



<hw>Cil"i*o*grade</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cilium</ets> + L. <ets>gradi</ets> to step: cf. F.

<ets>ciliograde</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Moving

by means of <xex>cilia</xex>, or cilialike organs; <as>as, the

<ex>ciliograde</ex> Medus\'91</as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cil"i*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

eyelid.]</ety> <def>See <er>Cilia</er>.</def>



<hw>Cill</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Sill</er>., <pos>n.</pos> a foundation.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cil*lo"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. L. <ets>cilium</ets> eyelid.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A

spasmodic trembling of the upper eyelid.</def>



<hw>Ci"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>

<def>A kind of molding. See <er>Cyma</er>.</def>



<hw>Ci*mar"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Simar</er>.</def>



<hw>Cim"bal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.

<ets>ciambella</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of confectionery or

cake.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Nares.</au>



<hw>Cim"bi*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>

<def>A fillet or band placed around the shaft of a column as if

to strengthen it.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>cimia</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Cim"bri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to the Cimbri.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>One

of the Cimbri. See <er>Cimbric</er>.</def></def2>



<hw>Cim"bric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to

the <xex>Cimbri</xex>, an ancient tribe inhabiting Northern

Germany.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>The language of the

Cimbri.</def></def2>



<hw>Ci*me"li*arch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cimeliarcha</ets>, Gr. <?/, treasurer.]</ety> <def>A

superintendent or keeper of a church's valuables; a

churchwarden.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Cim"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Scimiter</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ci"mex</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Cimices</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L., a bug.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of hemipterous insects of

which the bedbug is the best known example. See

<er>Bedbug</er>.</def>



<hw>Cim"i*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>

<def>See <er>Cimbia</er>.</def>



<hw>Ci"miss</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cimex</ets>, <ets>-icis</ets>, a bug.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The bedbug.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Wright.</au>



<hw>Cim*me"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Cimmerius</ets>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>Kimmerian</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Pertaining to the

Cimmerii, a fabulous people, said to have lived, in very ancient

times, in profound and perpetual darkness.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Without any light; intensely dark.</def>



<q>In dark <qex>Cimmerian</qex> desert ever dwell.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Cim"o*lite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

(sc. <?/) Cimolian earth, fr. <?/, L. <ets>Cimolus</ets>, an

island of the Cyclades.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A soft,

earthy, clayey mineral, of whitish or grayish color.</def>



<hw>Cinch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.

<ets>cincha</ets>, fr. L. <ets>cingere</ets> to gird.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A strong saddle girth, as of canvas.</def>

<mark>[West. U. S.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A tight grip.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Cin*cho"na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[So named

from the wife of Count <ets>Chinchon</ets>, viceroy of Peru in

the seventeenth century, who by its use was freed from an

intermittent fever, and after her return to Spain, contributed to

the general propagation of this remedy.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of trees growing naturally on the

Andes in Peru and adjacent countries, but now cultivated in the

East Indies, producing a medicinal bark of great value.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The bark of any species of

<spn>cinchona</spn> containing three per cent. or more of bitter

febrifuge alkaloids; Peruvian bark; Jesuits' bark.</def>



<hw>Cin`cho*na"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Allied

or pertaining to cinchona, or to the plants that produce

it.</def>



<hw>Cin*chon"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Belonging

to, or obtained from, cinchona.</def>



<au>Mayne.</au>



<hw>Cin*chon"i*dine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Cinchona</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of the

quinine group of alkaloids, found especially in red cinchona

bark. It is a white crystalline substance,

<chform>C19H22N2O</chform>, with a bitter taste and qualities

similar to, but weaker than, quinine; -- sometimes called also

<altname>cinchonidia</altname>.</def>



<hw>Cin"cho*nine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Cinchona</er>: cf. F. <ets>cinchonine</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of the quinine group of alkaloids

isomeric with and resembling cinchonidine; -- called also

<altname>cinchonia</altname>.</def>



<hw>Cin"cho*nism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Cinchona</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A condition

produced by the excessive or long-continued use of quinine, and

marked by deafness, roaring in the ears, vertigo, etc.</def>



<hw>Cin"cho*nize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

produce cinchonism in; to poison with quinine or with

cinchona.</def>



<hw>Cin`cin*na"ti ep"och</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld>

<def>An epoch at the close of the American lower Silurian system.

The rocks are well developed near <xex>Cincinnati</xex>, Ohio.

The group includes the Hudson River and Lorraine shales of New

york.</def>



<hw>Cinc"ture</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cinctura</ets>, fr. <ets>cingere</ets>, <ets>cinctum</ets>,

to gird.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A belt, a girdle, or something

worn round the body, -- as by an ecclesiastic for confining the

alb.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which encompasses or incloses; an

inclosure.</def> \'bdWithin the <xex>cincture</xex> of one

wall.\'b8



<au>Bacon.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The fillet, listel, or band

next to the apophyge at the extremity of the shaft of a

column.</def>



<hw>Cinc"tured</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Having or

wearing a cincture or gridle.</def>



<hw>Cin"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>sinder</ets> slag, dross; akin to Icel. <ets>sindr</ets>

dross, Sw. <ets>sinder</ets>, G. <ets>sinter</ets>, D.

<ets>sintel</ets>; perh. influenced by F. <ets>cendre</ets>

ashes, fr. L. <ets>cinis</ets>. Cf. <er>Sinter</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Partly burned or vitrified coal, or other

combustible, in which fire is extinct.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A hot coal without flame; an ember.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A scale thrown off in forging metal.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The slag of a furnace, or scoriaceous lava from

a volcano.</def>



<cs><col>Cinder frame</col>, <cd>a framework of wire in front of

the tubes of a locomotive, to arrest the escape of cinders.</cd>

-- <col>Cinder notch</col> <fld>(Metal.)</fld>, <cd>the opening

in a blast furnace, through which melted cinder flows

out.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cin"der*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Resembling,

or composed of, cinders; full of cinders.</def>



<hw>Cin`e*fac"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>cinefactio</ets>: L. <ets>cinis</ets> ashes +

<ets>facere</ets> to make: cf. F.

<ets>cin\'82faction</ets>.]</ety> <def>Cineration; reduction to

ashes.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cin`e*mat"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Cin`e*mat"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>See <er>Kinematic</er>.</def>



<hw>Cin`e*mat"ics</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. sing.</pos> <def>See

<er>Kinematics</er>.</def>



<hw>Cin`er*a"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cineraceus</ets>, fr. <ets>cinis</ets> ashes.]</ety>

<def>Like ashes; ash-colored; cinerous.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cin`e*ra"ri*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. LL. <ets>cinerarius</ets> pert. to ashes, fr.

<ets>cinis</ets> ashes. So called from the ash-colored down on

the leaves.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A Linn\'91an genus of

free-flowering composite plants, mostly from South Africa.

Several species are cultivated for ornament.</def>



<hw>Cin"er*a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cinerarius</ets>, fr. <ets>cinis</ets> ashes.]</ety>

<def>Pertaining to ashes; containing ashes.</def>



<cs><col>Cinerary urns</col>, <cd>vessels used by the ancients to

preserve the ashes of the dead when burned.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cin`er*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cinis</ets> ashes: cf. F. <ets>cin\'82ration</ets>.]</ety>

<def>The reducing of anything to ashes by combustion;

cinefaction.</def>



<hw>Ci*ne"re*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cinereus</ets>, fr. <ets>cinis</ets> ashes.]</ety> <def>Like

ashes; ash-colored; grayish.</def>



<hw>Cin`er*es"cent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Somewhat

cinereous; of a color somewhat resembling that of wood

ashes.</def>



<hw>Cin`er*i"tious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cineritius</ets>, <ets>cinericius</ets>, fr.

<ets>cinis</ets> ashes.]</ety> <def>Like ashes; having the color

of ashes, -- as the cortical substance of the brain.</def>



<hw>Ci*ner"u*lent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of

ashes.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Cin`ga*lese"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. sing. & pl.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>Cingalais</ets>.]</ety> <def>A native or

natives of Ceylon descended from its primitive inhabitants; also

<def2>(<singf>sing.</singf>), <def>the language of the

Cingalese.</def> -- <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the

Cingalese.</def></def2> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>Singhalese</asp>.]</altsp>



<note><hand/ <xex>Ceylonese</xex> is applied to the inhabitants

of the island in general.</note>



<hw>Cin"gle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cingula</ets>, <ets>cingulum</ets>, fr. <ets>cingere</ets>

to gird.]</ety> <def>A girth. <mark>[R.]</mark> See

<er>Surcingle</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cin"gu*lum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a

girdle.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A distinct

girdle or band of color; a raised spiral line as seen on certain

univalve shells.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The clitellus of

earthworms.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The base of the crown of a

tooth.</def>



<hw>Cin"na*bar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cinnabaris</ets>, Gr. <?/; prob. of Oriental origin; cf.

Per. <ets>qinb\'ber</ets>, Hind. <ets>shangarf</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Red sulphide of mercury,

occurring in brilliant red crystals, and also in red or brown

amorphous masses. It is used in medicine.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The artificial red sulphide of mercury used as a

pigment; vermilion.</def>



<cs><col>Cinnabar Gr\'91corum</col> <pr>(<?/)</pr>. <ety>[L.

<ets>Graecorum<ets>, gen. pl., of the Greeks.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Dragon's blood</er>.</cd> --

<col>Green cinnabar</col>, <cd>a green pigment consisting of the

oxides of cobalt and zinc subjected to the action of fire.</cd>

-- <col>Hepatic cinnabar</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an impure

cinnabar of a liver-brown color and submetallic luster.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cin"na*ba*rine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>cinabarin</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling,

cinnabar; consisting of cinnabar, or containing it; <as>as,

<ex>cinnabarine</ex> sand</as>.</def>



<hw>Cin"na*mene</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Cinnamic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Styrene (which

was formerly called <xex>cinnamene</xex> because obtained from

cinnamic acid). See <er>Styrene</er>.</def>



<hw>Cin*nam"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Cinnamon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to,

or obtained from, cinnamon.</def>



<cs><col>Cinnamic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a white,

crystalline, odorless substance.

<chform>C6H5.C2H2C2H2.CO2H</chform>, formerly obtained from

storax and oil of cinnamon, now made from certain benzene

derivatives in large quantities, and used for the artificial

production of indigo.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cin`na*mom"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cinnamomum</ets> cinnamon.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>See <er>Cinnamic</er>.</def>



<hw>Cin"na*mon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Heb.

<ets>qinn\'bem\'d3n</ets>; cf. Gr. <?/, <?/,

<ets>cinnamomum</ets>, cinnamon. The Heb. word itself seems to

have been borrowed from some other language; cf. Malay

<ets>k\'bej\'d4 m\'benis</ets> sweet wood.]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>The inner bark of the shoots of <spn>Cinnamomum

Zeylanicum</spn>, a tree growing in Ceylon. It is aromatic, of a

moderately pungent taste, and is one of the best cordial,

carminative, and restorative spices.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>Cassia.</def>



<cs><col>Cinnamon stone</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a variety of

garnet, of a cinnamon or hyacinth red color, sometimes used in

jewelry.</cd> -- <col>Oil of cinnamon</col>, <cd>a colorless

aromatic oil obtained from cinnamon and cassia, and consisting

essentially of cinnamic aldehyde,<chform>

C6H5.C2H2.CHO</chform>.</cd> -- <col>Wild cinnamon</col>. <cd>See

<er>Canella</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cin"na*mone</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cinnamic</ets> + <ets>-one</ets>.]</ety> <def>A yellow

crystalline substance, <chform>(C6H5.C2H2)2CO</chform>, the

ketone of cinnamic acid.</def>



<-- p. 257 -->



<hw>Cin"na*myl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cinnamic</ets> + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The hypothetical radical,

<chform>(C6H5.C2H2)2C</chform>, of cinnamic compounds.</def>

<altsp>[Formerly written also <asp>cinnamule</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Cin"no*line</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cinn</ets>amic + quin<ets>oline</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

nitrogenous organic base, <chform>C8H6N2</chform>, analogous to

quinoline, obtained from certain complex diazo compounds.</def>



<hw>Cinque</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>cinq</ets>, fr. L. <ets>quinque</ets> five. See

<er>Five</er>.]</ety> <def>Five; the number five in dice or

cards.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cin`que*cen"to</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & a.</pos>

<ety>[It., five hundred, abbrev. for fifteen hundred. The

<ets>Cinquecento</ets> style was so called because it arose after

the year 1500.]</ety> <def>The sixteenth century, when applied to

Italian art or literature; <as>as, the sculpture of the

<ex>Cinquecento</ex>; <ex>Cinquecento</ex> style.</as></def>



<hw>Cinque"foil`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cinque</ets> five + <ets>foil</ets>, F.

<ets>feuille</ets> leaf. See <er>Foil</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The name of several different species of

the genus <spn>Potentilla</spn>; -- also called

<altname>five-finger</altname>, because of the resemblance of its

leaves to the fingers of the hand.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An ornamental foliation

having five points or cups, used in windows, panels, etc.</def>



<au>Gwilt.</au>



<cs><col>Marsh cinquefoil</col>, <cd>the <spn>Potentilla

palustris</spn>, a plant with purple flowers which grows in

fresh-water marshes.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cinque"-pace`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cinque</ets> + <ets>pace</ets>.]</ety> <def>A lively

dance (called also <altname>galliard</altname>), the steps of

which were regulated by the number five.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Nares. Shak.</au>



<hw>Cinque" Ports`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[<ets>Cinque</ets> +

<ets>port</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld> <def>Five English

ports, to which peculiar privileges were anciently accorded; --

viz., Hastings, Romney, Hythe, Dover, and Sandwich; afterwards

increased by the addition of Winchelsea, Rye, and some minor

places.</def>



<cs><col>Baron of the Cinque Ports</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Baron</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cinque"-spot`ted</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Five-spotted.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Cin"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>cintre</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>See

<er>Center</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ci*nu"ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/ To move + <?/ tail.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>The group of Thysanura which includes <xex>Lepisma</xex> and

allied forms; the bristletails. See <er>Bristletail</er>, and

<er>Lepisma</er>.</def>



<hw>Ci"on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>cion</ets>. See <er>Scion</er>.]</ety> <def>See

<er>Scion</er>.</def>



<q>The <qex>cion</qex> overruleth the stock; and the stock is but

passive, and giveth aliment, but no motion, to the graft.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<hw>Ci"pher</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>cifre</ets> zero, F. <ets>Chiffre</ets> figure (cf.

Sp.<ets>cifra</ets>, LL. <ets>cifra</ets>), fr. Ar.

<ets>\'87ifrun</ets>, <ets>\'87afrun</ets>, empty, cipher, zero,

fr. <ets>\'87afira</ets> to be empty. Cf. <er>Zero</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Arith.)</fld> <def>A character [0] which,

standing by itself, expresses nothing, but when placed at the

right hand of a whole number, increases its value tenfold.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who, or that which, has no weight or

influence.</def>



<q>Here he was a mere <xex>cipher</xex>.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A character in general, as a figure or

letter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>This wisdom began to be written in <qex>ciphers</qex> and

characters and letters bearing the forms of creatures.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Raleigh.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A combination or interweaving of letters, as the

initials of a name; a device; a monogram; <as>as, a painter's

<ex>cipher</ex>, an engraver's <ex>cipher</ex>, etc.</as>  The

cut represents the initials <xex>N. W</xex>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A private alphabet, system of characters, or

other mode of writing, contrived for the safe transmission of

secrets; also, a writing in such characters.</def>



<q>His father . . . engaged him when he was very young to write

all his letters to England in <qex>cipher</qex>.</q>

<qau>Bp. Burnet.</qau>



<cs><col>Cipher key</col>, <cd>a key to assist in reading

writings in cipher.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ci"pher</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of the nature of a cipher;

of no weight or influence.</def> \'bdTwelve <xex>cipher</xex>

bishops.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Ci"pher</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Ciphered</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Ciphering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To use figures in

a mathematical process; to do sums in arithmetic.</def>



<q>\'bdT was certain he could write and <qex>cipher</qex>

too.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<hw>Ci"pher</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To write in

occult characters.</def>



<q>His notes he <qex>ciphered</qex> with Greek characters.</q>

<qau>Hayward.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To get by ciphering; <as>as, to cipher out the

answer</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To decipher.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To designate by characters.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Ci"pher*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

ciphers.</def>



<hw>Ci"pher*hood</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Nothingness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Goodwin.</au>



<hw>Cip"o*lin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.

<ets>cippollino</ets>, prop., a little onion, fr.

<ets>cipolla</ets> onion (cf. E. <ets>cibol</ets>). So called

because its veins consist, like onions, of different strata, one

lying upon another.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A whitish

marble, from Rome, containiing pale greenish zones. It consists

of calcium carbonate, with zones and cloudings of talc.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cip"pus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Cippi</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L., stake,

post.]</ety> <def>A small, low pillar, square or round, commonly

having an inscription, used by the ancients for various purposes,

as for indicating the distances of places, for a landmark, for

sepulchral inscriptions, etc.</def>



<au>Gwilt.</au>



<hw>Circ</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Circus</er>.]</ety> <def>An amphitheatrical circle for

sports; a circus.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>T. Warton.</au>



<hw>\'d8Cir*car"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Sircar</er>.]</ety> <def>A district, or part of a province.

See <er>Sircar</er>.</def> <mark>[India]</mark>



<hw>Cir*cas"sian</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Circassia, in Asia.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos>

<def>A native or inhabitant of Circassia.</def></def2>



<hw>Cir*ce"an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Circaeus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the characteristics of

Circe, daughter of Sol and Perseis, a mythological enchantress,

who first charmed her victims and then changed them to the forms

of beasts; pleasing, but noxious; <as>as, a <ex>Circean</ex>

draught</as>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cir*cen"sial</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Cir*cen"sian</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Circensis</ets>, ludi <ets>Circenses</ets>, the games in the

Circus Maximus.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to, or held in, the

Circus, In Rome.</def>



<q>The pleasure of the <qex>Circensian</qex> shows.</q>

<qau>Holyday.</qau>



<hw>Cir"ci*nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a

circle.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Circinate.</def>



<hw>Cir"ci*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>circinatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>circinare</ets> to make

round, fr. <ets>circinus</ets> a pair of compasses, from Gr. <?/

a circle.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Rolled together downward,

the tip occupying the center; -- a term used in reference to

foliation or leafing, as in ferns.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>Cir"ci*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make

a circle around; to encompass.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Cir`ci*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>circinatio</ets> circle.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>An orbicular motion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>bailey.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A circle; a concentric layer.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdThe <xex>circinations</xex> and spherical

rounds of onions.\'b8



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Cir"cle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>cercle</ets>, F. <ets>cercle</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>circulus</ets> (Whence also AS. <ets>circul</ets>), dim. of

<ets>circus</ets> circle, akin to Gr. <?/, <?/, circle, ring. Cf.

<er>Circus</er>, <er>Circum-</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A plane figure, bounded by a single curve line

called its <xex>circumference</xex>, every part of which is

equally distant from a point within it, called the

<xex>center</xex>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The line that bounds sush a figure; a

circumference; a ring.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>An instrument of

observation, the graduated limb of which consists of an entire

circle.</def>



<note><hand/ When it is fixed to a wall in an observatory, it is

called a <xex>mural circle</xex>; when mounted with a telescope

on an axis and in Y's, in the plane of the meridian, a

<xex>meridian</xex> or <xex>transit circle</xex>; when involving

the principle of reflection, like the sextant, a <xex>reflecting

circle</xex>; and when that of repeating an angle several times

continuously along the graduated limb, a <xex>repeating

circle</xex>.</note>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A round body; a sphere; an orb.</def>



<q>It is he that sitteth upon the <qex>circle</qex> of the

earth.</q>

<qau>Is. xi. 22.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Compass; circuit; inclosure.</def>



<q>In the <qex>circle</qex> of this forest.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A company assembled, or conceived to assemble,

about a central point of interest, or bound by a common tie; a

class or division of society; a coterie; a set.</def>



<q>As his name gradually became known, the <qex>circle</qex> of

his acquaintance widened.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>A circular group of persons; a ring.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>A series ending where it begins, and repeating

itself.</def>



<q>Thus in a <qex>circle</qex> runs the peasant's pain.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>A form of argument in which

two or more unproved statements are used to prove each other;

inconclusive reasoning.</def>



<q>That heavy bodies descend by gravity; and, again, that gravity

is a quality whereby a heavy body descends, is an impertinent

<qex>circle</qex> and teaches nothing.</q>

<qau>Glanvill.</qau>



<sn>10.</sn> <def>Indirect form of words; circumlocution.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Has he given the lie,

In <qex>circle</qex>, or oblique, or semicircle.</q>

<qau>J. Fletcher.</qau>



<sn>11.</sn> <def>A territorial division or district.</def>



<note><hand/ <col>The Circles of the Holy Roman Empire</col>, ten

in number, were those principalities or provinces which had seats

in the German Diet.</note>



<cs><col>Azimuth circle</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Azimuth</er>.</cd> -- <col>Circle of altitude</col>

<fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>a circle parallel to the horizon,

having its pole in the zenith; an almucantar.</cd> -- <col>Circle

of curvature</col>. <cd>See <cref>Osculating circle of a

curve</cref> (Below).</cd> -- <col>Circle of declination</col>.

<cd>See under <er>Declination</er>.</cd> -- <col>Circle of

latitude</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <cd>A great

circle perpendicular to the plane of the ecliptic, passing

through its poles.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Spherical

Projection)</fld> <cd>A small circle of the sphere whose plane is

perpendicular to the axis.</cd> -- <col>Circles of

longitude</col>, <cd>lesser circles parallel to the ecliptic,

diminishing as they recede from it.</cd> -- <col>Circle of

perpetual apparition</col>, <cd>at any given place, the boundary

of that space around the elevated pole, within which the stars

never set. Its distance from the pole is equal to the latitude of

the place.</cd> -- <col>Circle of perpetual occultation</col>,

<cd>at any given place, the boundary of the space around the

depressed pole, within which the stars never rise.</cd> --

<col>Circle of the sphere</col>, <cd>a circle upon the surface of

the sphere, called a <xex>great circle<xex> when its plane passes

through the center of the sphere; in all other cases, a

<xex>small circle<xex>.</cd> -- <col>Diurnal circle</col>.

<cd>See under <er>Diurnal</er>.</cd> -- <col>Dress circle</col>,

<cd>a gallery in a theater, generally the one containing the

prominent and more expensive seats.</cd> -- <col>Druidical

circles</col> <fld>(Eng. Antiq.)</fld>, <cd>a popular name for

certain ancient inclosures formed by rude stones circularly

arranged, as at Stonehenge, near Salisbury.</cd> -- <col>Family

circle</col>, <cd>a gallery in a theater, usually one containing

inexpensive seats.</cd> -- <col>Horary circles</col>

<fld>(Dialing)</fld>, <cd>the lines on dials which show the

hours.</cd> -- <col>Osculating circle of a curve</col>

<fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>the circle which touches the curve at

some point in the curve, and close to the point more nearly

coincides with the curve than any other circle. This circle is

used as a measure of the curvature of the curve at the point, and

hence is called <xex>circle of curvature<xex>.</cd> -- <col>Pitch

circle</col>. <cd>See under <er>Pitch</er>.</cd> -- <col>Vertical

circle</col>, <cd>an azimuth circle.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Voltaic

circle</col> <it>or</it> <col>circuit</col></mcol>. <cd>See under

<er>Circuit</er>.</cd> -- <col>To square the circle</col>.

<cd>See under <er>Square</er>.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Ring; circlet; compass; circuit; inclosure.</syn>



<hw>Cir"cle</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Circled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Circling</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>cerclen</ets>, F. <ets>cercler</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>circulare</ets> to make round. See <er>Circle</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, and cf. <er>Circulate</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To move around; to revolve around.</def>



<q>Other planets <qex>circle</qex> other suns.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To encompass, as by a circle; to surround; to

inclose; to encircle.</def>



<au>Prior. Pope.</au>



<q>Their heads are <qex>circled</qex> with a short turban.</q>

<qau>Dampier.</qau>



<q>So he lies, <qex>circled</qex> with evil.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<cs><col>To circle in</col>, <cd>to confine; to hem in; to keep

together; as, to <xex>circle<xex> bodies <xex>in<xex>.</cd></cs>



<au>Sir K. Digby.</au>



<hw>Cir"cle</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To move circularly; to

form a circle; to circulate.</def>



<q>Thy name shall <qex>circle</qex> round the gaping through.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<hw>Cir"cled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having the

form of a circle; round.</def> \'bdMonthly changes in her

<xex>circled</xex> orb.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Cir"cler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A mean or

inferior poet, perhaps from his habit of wandering around as a

stroller; an itinerant poet. Also, a name given to the cyclic

poets. See under <er>Cyclic</er>, <pos>a.</pos></def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Cir"clet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

little circle; esp., an ornament for the person, having the form

of a circle; that which encircles, as a ring, a bracelet, or a

headband.</def>



<q>Her fair locks in <qex>circlet</qex> be enrolled.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A round body; an orb.</def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<q>Fairest of stars . . . that crown'st the smiling morn

With thy bright <qex>circlet</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A circular piece of wood put under a dish at

table.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>Cir"co*cele</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Cirsocele</er>.</def>



<hw>Cir"cuit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>circuit</ets>, fr. L. <ets>circuitus</ets>, fr.

<ets>circuire</ets> or <ets>circumire</ets> to go around;

<ets>circum</ets> around + <ets>ire</ets> to go.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of moving or revolving around, or as in

a circle or orbit; a revolution; <as>as, the periodical

<ex>circuit</ex> of the earth round the sun</as>.</def>



<au>Watts.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The circumference of, or distance round, any

space; the measure of a line round an area.</def>



<q>The <qex>circuit</qex> or compass of Ireland is 1,800

miles.</q>

<qau>J. Stow.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which encircles anything, as a ring or

crown.</def>



<q>The golden <qex>circuit</qex> on my head.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The space inclosed within a circle, or within

limits.</def>



<q>A <qex>circuit</qex> wide inclosed with goodliest trees.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A regular or appointed journeying from place to

place in the exercise of one's calling, as of a judge, or a

preacher.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A certain division

of a state or country, established by law for a judge or judges

to visit, for the administration of justice. <xex>Bouvier</xex>.

<sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Methodist Church)</fld> A district in which an

itinerant preacher labors.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Circumlocution.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

\'bdThou hast used no <xex>circuit</xex> of words.\'b8



<au>Huloet.</au>



<cs><col>Circuit court</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a court which

sits successively in different places in its circuit (see

<er>Circuit</er>, 6). In the United States, the federal circuit

courts are commonly presided over by a judge of the supreme

court, or a special circuit judge, together with the judge of the

district court. They have jurisdiction within statutory limits,

both in law and equity, in matters of federal cognizance. Some of

the individual States also have circuit courts, which have

general statutory jurisdiction of the same class, in matters of

State cognizance.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Circuit</col> <it>or</it>

<col>Circuity of action</col></mcol> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a

longer course of proceedings than is necessary to attain the

object in view.</cd> -- <col>To make a circuit</col>, <cd>to go

around; to go a roundabout way.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Voltaic</col>

<it>or</it> <col>Galvanic circuit</col> <it>or</it>

<col>circle</col></mcol>, <cd>a continous electrical

communication between the two poles of a battery; an arrangement

of voltaic elements or couples with proper conductors, by which a

continuous current of electricity is established.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cir"cuit</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To move in a circle; to

go round; to circulate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>J. Philips.</au>



<hw>Cir"cuit</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To travel around.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdHaving <xex>circuited</xex> the air.\'b8



<au>T. Warton.</au>



<hw>Cir`cuit*eer"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

circuiter.</def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>Cir"cuit*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

travels a circuit, as a circuit judge.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>R. Whitlock.</au>



<hw>Cir`cu*i"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>circuitio</ets>. See <er>Circuit</er>.]</ety> <def>The act

of going round; circumlocution.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Cir*cu"i*tous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>circuitosus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Going round in a circuit;

roundabout; indirect; <as>as, a <ex>circuitous</ex> road; a

<ex>circuitous</ex> manner of accompalishing an end.</as></def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Cir*cu"i*tous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Cir*cu"i*tous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<syn>Syn. -- Tortuous; winding; sinuous; serpentine.</syn>



<hw>Cir*cu"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A going

round in a circle; a course not direct; a roundabout way of

proceeding.</def>



<hw>Cir"cu*la*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That may

be circulated.</def>



<hw>Cir"cu*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>circularis</ets>, fr. <ets>circulus</ets> circle: cf. F.

<ets>circulaire</ets>. See <er>Circle</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>In the form of, or bounded by, a circle;

round.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>repeating itself; ending in itself; reverting to

the point of beginning; hence, illogical; inconclusive; <as>as,

<ex>circular</ex> reasoning</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Adhering to a fixed circle of legends; cyclic;

hence, mean; inferior. See <cref>Cyclic poets</cref>, under

<er>Cyclic</er>.</def>



<q>Had Virgil been a <qex>circular</qex> poet, and closely

adhered to history, how could the Romans have had Dido?</q>

<qau>Dennis.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Addressed to a circle, or to a number of persons

having a common interest; circulated, or intended for

circulation; <as>as, a <ex>circular</ex> letter</as>.</def>



<q>A proclamation of Henry III., . . . doubtless

<qex>circular</qex> throughout England.</q>

<qau>Hallam.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Perfect; complete.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A man so absolute and <qex>circular</qex>

In all those wished-for rarities that may take

A virgin captive.</q>

<qau>Massinger.</qau>



<cs><col>Circular are</col>, <cd>any portion of the circumference

of a circle.</cd> -- <col>Circular cubics</col>

<fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>curves of the third order which are

imagined to pass through the two circular points at

infinity.</cd> -- <col>Circular functions</col>.

<fld>(Math.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Function</er>.</cd> --

<col>Circular instruments</col>, <cd>mathematical instruments

employed for measuring angles, in which the graduation extends

round the whole circumference of a circle, or 360<deg/.</cd> --

<col>Circular lines</col>, <cd>straight lines pertaining to the

circle, as sines, tangents, secants, etc.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Circular note</col> <it>or</it>

<col>letter</col></mcol>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <cd>See

under <er>Credit</er>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Diplomacy)</fld>

<cd>A letter addressed in identical terms to a number of

persons.</cd> -- <col>Circular numbers</col> <fld>(Arith.)</fld>,

<cd>those whose powers terminate in the same digits as the roots

themselves; as 5 and 6, whose squares are 25 and 36.

<au>Bailey</au>. <au>Barlow</au>.</cd> -- <col>Circular points at

infinity</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>two imaginary points at

infinite distance through which every circle in the plane is, in

the theory of curves, imagined to pass.</cd> -- <col>Circular

polarization</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>See under

<er>Polarization</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Circular</col>

<it>or</it> <col>Globular sailing</col></mcol>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the method of sailing by the arc of a

great circle.</cd> -- <col>Circular saw</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Saw</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cir"cu*lar</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. (for sense 1) F.

<ets>circulaire</ets>, lettre <ets>circulaire</ets>. See

<er>Circular</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A circular letter, or paper, usually printed,

copies of which are addressed or given to various persons;

<as>as, a business <ex>circular</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A sleeveless cloak, cut in circular form.</def>



<hw>Cir`cu*lar"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>circularitas</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of

being circular; a circular form.</def>



<hw>Cir"cu*lar*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

circular manner.</def>



<hw>Cir"cu*la*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Circular;

illogical.</def> <mark>[Obs. & .]</mark> \'bdCross and

<xex>circulary</xex> speeches.\'b8



<au>Hooker.</au>



<hw>Cir"cu*late</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Ciorculated</er>; <pos>P.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Circulating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>circulatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>circulare</ets>, v. t., to

surround, make round, <ets>circulari</ets>, v. i., to gather into

a circle. See <er>Circle</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To move in a circle or circuitously; to move

round and return to the same point; <as>as, the blood

<ex>circulates</ex> in the body</as>.</def>



<au>Boyle.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To pass from place to place, from person to

person, or from hand to hand; to be diffused; <as>as, money

<ex>circulates</ex>; a story <ex>circulates.</ex></as></def>



<-- p. 258 -->



<cs><col>Circulating decimal</col>. <cd>See

<er>Decimal</er>.</cd> -- <col>Circulating library</col>, <cd>a

library whose books are loaned to the public, usually at certain

fixed rates.</cd> -- <col>Circulating medium</col>. <cd>See

<er>Medium</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cir"cu*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cause

to pass from place to place, or from person to person; to spread;

<as>as, to <ex>circulate</ex> a report; to <ex>circulate</ex>

bills of credit.</as></def>



<cs><col>Circulating pump</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Pump</er>.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- To spread; diffuse; propagate; disseminate.</syn>



<hw>Cir`cu*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>circulatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>circulation</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of moving in a circle, or in a course

which brings the moving body to the place where its motion

began.</def>



<q>This continual <qex>circulation</qex> of human things.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of passing from place to place or person

to person; free diffusion; transmission.</def>



<q>The true doctrines of astronomy appear to have had some

popular <qex>circulation</qex>.</q>

<qau>Whewell.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Currency; circulating coin; notes, bills, etc.,

current for coin.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The extent to which anything circulates or is

circulated; the measure of diffusion; <as>as, the

<ex>circulation</ex> of a newspaper</as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The movement of the blood

in the blood-vascular system, by which it is brought into close

relations with almost every living elementary constituent. Also,

the movement of the sap in the vessels and tissues of

plants.</def>



<hw>Cir"cu*la*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Promoting circulation; circulating.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Coleridge.</au>



<hw>Cir"cu*la`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.  L.

<ets>circulator</ets> a peddler.]</ety> <def>One who, or that

which, circulates.</def>



<hw>Cir`cu*la*to"ri*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Travelling from house to house or from town to town;

itinerant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

\'bd<xex>Circulatorious</xex> jugglers.\'b8



<au>Barrow.</au>



<hw>Cir"cu*la*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>circulatorius</ets> pert. to a mountebank: cf. F.

<ets>circulatoire</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Circular; <as>as, a <ex>circulatory</ex>

letter</as>.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Circulating, or going round.</def>



<au>T. Warton.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Subserving the purposes of

circulation; <as>as, <ex>circulatory</ex> organs</as>; of or

pertaining to the organs of circulation; <as>as,

<ex>circulatory</ex> diseases</as>.</def>



<hw>Cir"cu*la*to*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A chemical vessel

consisting of two portions unequally exposed to the heat of the

fire, and with connecting pipes or passages, through which the

fluid rises from the overheated portion, and descends from the

relatively colder, maintaining a circulation.</def>



<hw>Cir"cu*let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

circlet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Cir"cu*line</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Proceeding

in a circle; circular.</def>  <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdWith motion

<xex>circuline</xex>\'b8.



<au>Dr. H. More.</au>



<hw>Cir"cum-</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[Akin to <ets>circle</ets>,

<ets>circus</ets>.]</ety> <def>A Latin preposition, used as a

prefix in many English words, and signifying <xex>around</xex> or

<xex>about</xex>.</def>



<hw>Cir`cum*ag"i*tate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>circum + agitate</ets>.]</ety> <def>To agitate

on all sides.</def>



<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>



<hw>Cir`cum*am"bage</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref. 

<ets>circum-</ets> + <ets>ambage</ets>, obs. sing. of

<ets>ambages</ets>.]</ety> <def>A roundabout or indirect course;

indirectness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>S. Richardson.</au>



<hw>Cir`cum*am"bi*en*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

act of surrounding or encompassing.</def>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Cir`cum*am"bi*ent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>circum-</ets> + <ets>ambient</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Surrounding; inclosing or being on all sides;

encompassing.</def> \'bdThe <xex>circumambient heaven</xex>.\'b8



<au>J. Armstrong.</au>



<hw>Cir`cum*am"bu*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>circumambulatus</ets>, p. p. of

<ets>circumambulare</ets> to walk around; <ets>circum +

ambulare</ets>. See <er>Ambulate</er>.]</ety> <def>To walk round

about.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Cir`cum*am`bu*la"tion</wf>

<pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Cir`cum*bend"i*bus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

roundabout or indirect way.</def> <mark>[Jocular]</mark>



<au>Goldsmith.</au>



<hw>Cir`cum*cen"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The center of a circle that circumscribes

a triangle.</def>



<hw>Cir"cum*cise</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Circumcised</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Circumcising</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>circumcisus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>circumcidere</ets> to cut

around, to circumcise; <ets>circum + caedere</ets> to cut; akin

to E. <ets>c\'91sura</ets>, homi<ets>cide</ets>,

con<ets>cise</ets>, and prob. to <ets>shed</ets>, v. t.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To cut off the prepuce of foreskin of, in the

case of males, and the internal labia of, in the case of

females.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Script.)</fld> <def>To purify

spiritually.</def>



<hw>Cir"cum*ci`ser</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

performs circumcision.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Cir`cum*cision</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>circumcisio</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of cutting off the prepuce or foreskin

of males, or the internal labia of females.</def>



<note><hand/ The <xex>circumcision</xex> of males is practiced as

a religious rite by the Jews, Mohammedans, etc.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Script.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The Jews, as a

circumcised people.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Rejection of the sins

of the flesh; spiritual purification, and acceptance of the

Christian faith.</def>



<hw>Cir`cum*clu"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>circumcludere</ets>, <ets>-clusum</ets>, to inclose.]</ety>

<def>Act of inclosing on all sides.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Cir`cum*cur*sa"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>circumcursare</ets>, <ets>-satum</ets>, to run round

about.]</ety> <def>The act of running about; also, rambling

language.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Barrow.</au>



<hw>Cir`cum*den`u*da"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>circum-</ets> + <ets>denudation</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Denudation around or in the neighborhood

of an object.</def>



<cs><col>Hills of circumdenudation</col>, <cd>hills which have

been produced by surface erosion; the elevations which have been

left, after denudation of a mass of high ground.</cd></cs>



<au>Jukes.</au>



<hw>Cir`cum*duce"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Circumduct</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>To

declare elapsed, as the time allowed for introducing

evidence.</def>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>Cir`cum*duct"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>circumductus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>circumducere</ets> to lead

around; <ets>circum + ducere</ets> to lead.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To lead about; to lead astray.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To contravene; to nullify;

<as>as, to <ex>circumduct</ex> acts of judicature</as>.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Ayliffe.</au>



<hw>Cir`cum*duc"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>circumductio</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A leading about; circumlocution.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Hooker.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An annulling; cancellation.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Ayliffe.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Phisiol.)</fld> <def>The rotation of a limb

round an imaginary axis, so as to describe a concial

surface.</def>



<hw>Cir`cum*e*soph"a*gal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>circum + esophagal</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Surrounding the esophagus; -- in

<xex>Zool</xex>. said of the nerve commissures and ganglia of

arthropods and mollusks.</def>



<hw>Cir`cum*e`so*phag"e*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Circumesophagal.</def>



<hw>Cir"cum*fer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>circumferre</ets>; <ets>circum + ferre</ets> to bear. See

lst <er>Bear</er>.]</ety> <def>To bear or carry round.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Cir*cum"fer*ence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>circumferentia</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The line that goes round or encompasses a

circular figure; a periphery.</def>



<au>Millon.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A circle; anything circular.</def>



<q>His ponderous shield . . .

Behind him cast. The broad <qex>circumference</qex>

Hung on his shoulders like the moon.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The external surface of a sphere, or of any

orbicular body.</def>



<hw>Cir*cum"fer*ence</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To include in a

circular space; to bound.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Cir*cum`fer*en"tial</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[LL. <ets>circumferentialis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to

the circumference; encompassing; encircling; circuitous.</def>



<au>Parkhurst.</au>



<hw>Cir*cum`fer*en"tial*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>So as to surround or encircle.</def>



<hw>Cir*cum`fer*en"tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Circumfer</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A surveying instrument, for taking horizontal

angles and bearings; a surveyor's compass. It consists of a

compass whose needle plays over a circle graduated to 360<deg/,

and of a horizontal brass bar at the ends of which are standards

with narrow slits for sighting, supported on a tripod by a ball

and socket joint.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A graduated wheel for measuring tires; a tire

circle.</def>



<hw>Cir"cum*flant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>circumflans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>circumflare</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Blowing around.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Evelyn.</au>



<hw>Cir"cum*flect</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Circumflected</er>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Circumflecting</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[L. <ets>circumflectere</ets>. See

<er>Circumflex</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To bend

around.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To mark with the circumflex accent, as a

vowel.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Cir`cum*flec"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Circumflexion</er>.</def>



<hw>Cir"cum*flex</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>circumflexus</ets> a bending round, fr.

<ets>circumflectere</ets>, <ets>circumflexum</ets>, to bend or

turn about; <ets>circum + flectere</ets> to bend. See

<er>Flexible</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A wave of the voice embracing both a rise and

fall or a fall and a rise on the same a syllable.</def>



<au>Walker.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A character, or accent, denoting in Greek a rise

and of the voice on the same long syllable, marked thus [~ or

<?/]; and in Latin and some other languages, denoting a long and

contracted syllable, marked [<?/ or ^]. See <er>Accent</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, 2.</def>



<hw>Cir"cum*flex</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp.  &

p. p.</pos> <er>Circumflexed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Circumflexing</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms>

<def>To mark or pronounce with a circumflex.</def>



<au>Walker.</au>



<hw>Cir"cum*flex</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. L.

<ets>circumflexus</ets>, p. p.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Moving or turning round; circuitous.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Swift.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Curved circularly; -- applied

to several arteries of the hip and thigh, to arteries, veins, and

a nerve of the shoulder, and to other parts.</def>



<hw>Cir`cum*flex"ion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of bending, or causing to assume a curved

form.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A winding about; a turning; a circuity; a

fold.</def>



<hw>Cir*cum"flu*ence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

flowing round on all sides; an inclosing with a fluid.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cir*cum"flu*ent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Cir*cum"flu*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>circumfluere</ets>, p. pr. of

<ets>circumfluere</ets>; <ets>circum + fluere</ets> to flow; also

L. <ets>circumfluus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Flowing round; surrounding

in the manner of a fluid.</def> \'bdThe deep,

<xex>circumfluent</xex> waves.\'b8



<au>Pope.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cir`cum*fo*ra"ne*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Cir`cum*fo*ra"ne*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>circumforaneus</ets> found in markets; <ets>circum

+ forum</ets> a market place.]</ety> <def>Going about or abroad;

walking or wandering from house to house.</def>



<au>Addison.</au>



<hw>Cir`cum*ful"gent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>circum-</ets> + <ets>fulgent</ets>.]</ety> <def>Shining

around or about.</def>



<hw>Cir`cum*fuse"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>circumfusus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>circumfundere</ets> to pour

around; <ets>circum + fundere</ets> to pour.]</ety> <def>To pour

round; to spread round.</def>



<q>His army <qex>circumfused</qex> on either wing.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Cir`cum*fu"sile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>circum-</ets> + L. <ets>fusilis</ets> fusil,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>Capable of being poured or spread

round.</def> \'bd<xex>Circumfusile</xex> gold.\'b8



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>Cir`cum*fu"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>circumfusio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of pouring or

spreading round; the state of being spread round.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>Cir`cum*ges*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>circumgestare</ets> to carry around; <ets>circum +

gestare</ets> to carry.]</ety> <def>The act or process of

carrying about.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q><qex>Circumgestation</qex> of the eucharist to be adored.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<hw>Cir`cum*gy"rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>circum-</ets> + <ets>gyrate</ets>.]</ety>

<def>To roll or turn round; to cause to perform a rotary or

circular motion.</def>



<au>Ray.</au>



<hw>Cir`cum*gy*ra"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

act of turning, rolling, or whirling round.</def>



<q>A certain turbulent and irregular

<qex>circumgyration</qex>.</q>

<qau>Holland.</qau>



<hw>Cir`cum*gy"ra*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Moving in a circle; turning round.</def>



<au>Hawthorne.</au>



<hw>Cir`cum*gyre"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To

circumgyrate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Cir`cum*in*ces"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>circum-</ets> + L. <ets>incedere</ets>,

<ets>incessum</ets>, to walk.]</ety> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>The

reciprocal existence in each other of the three persons of the

Trinity.</def>



<hw>Cir`cum*ja"cence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Condition of being circumjacent, or of bordering ou every

side.</def>



<hw>Cir`cum*ja"cent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>circumjacens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>circumjacere</ets>;

<ets>circum + jac<?/re</ets> to lie.]</ety> <def>Lying round;

borderong on every side.</def>



<au>T. Fuller.</au>



<hw>Cir`cum*jo"vi*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>circum-</ets> + L. <ets>Jupiter</ets>, gen.

<ets>Jovis</ets>, Jove.]</ety> <def>One of the moons or

satellites of the planet Jupiter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Derham.</au>



<hw>Cir`cum*lit"to*ral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>circum-</ets> + <?/ <ets>littus</ets>,

<ets>littoris</ets>, shore; preferable form, <ets>litus</ets>,

<ets>litoria</ets>.]</ety> <def>Adjointing the shore.</def>



<hw>Cir`cum*lo*cu"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>circumlocutio</ets>, fr. <ets>circumloqui</ets>,

<ets>-locutus</ets>, to make use of circumlocution; <ets>circum +

loqui</ets> to speak. See <er>Loquacious</er>.]</ety> <def>The

use of many words to express an idea that might be expressed by

few; indirect or roundabout language; a periphrese.</def>



<q>the plain Billingagate way of calling names . . . would save

abundance of time lost by <qex>circumlocution</qex>.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<cs><col>Circumlocution office</col>, <cd>a term of riducle for a

governmental office where business is delayed by passing through

the hands of different officials.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cir`cum*lo*cu"tion*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Relating to, or consisting of, circumlocutions;

periphrastic; circuitous.</def>



<hw>Cir`cum*loc"u*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Characterised by circumlocution; periphrastic.</def>



<au>Shenstone.</au>



<q>The officials set to work in regular <qex>circumlocutory</qex>

order.</q>

<qau>Chambers's Journal.</qau>



<hw>Cir`cum*me*rid"i*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>circum-</ets> + <ets>meridian</ets>.]</ety>

<def>About, or near, the meridian.</def>



<hw>Cir`cum*mure"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>circum-</ets> + <ets>mure</ets>, v. t.]</ety> <def>To

encompass with a wall.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Cir`cum*nav"i*ga*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Capable of being sailed round.</def>



<au>Ray.</au>



<hw>Cir`cum*nav"i*gate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Circumnavigated</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Circumnavigating</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>circumnavigatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>circumnavigare</ets> to

sail round; <ets>circum + navigare</ets> to navigate.]</ety>

<def>To sail completely round.</def>



<q>Having <qex>circumnavigated</qex> the whole earth.</q>

<qau>T. Fuller.</qau>



<hw>Cir`cum*nav`i*ga"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>The act of circumnavigating, or sailing round.</def>



<au>Arbuthnot.</au>



<hw>Cir`cum*nav"iga`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

who sails round.</def>



<au>W. Guthrie.</au>



<hw>Cir`cum*nu"tate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>circum-</ets> + <ets>nutate</ets>.]</ety>

<def>To pass through the stages of circumnutation.</def>



<hw>Cir`cum*nu*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The successive bowing or bending in

different directions of the growing tip of the stems of many

plants, especially seen in climbing plants.</def>



<hw>Cir`cum*po"lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>circum-</ets> + <ets>polar</ets>.]</ety> <def>About the

pole; -- applied to stars that revolve around the pole without

setting; <as>as, <ex>circumpolar</ex> stars</as>.</def>



<hw>Cir`cum*po*si"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>circumpositio</ets>, fr. <ets>circumponere</ets>, -

<ets>positium</ets>, to place around.]</ety> <def>The act of

placing in a circle, or round about, or the state of being so

placed.</def>



<au>Evelyn.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cir`cum*ro"tary</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Cir`cum*ro"ta*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>circum-</ets> + <ets>rotary</ets>,

<ets>rotatory</ets>.]</ety> <def>turning, rolling, or whirling

round.</def>



<hw>Cir`cum*ro"tate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>circumrotare</ets>; <ets>circum + rotare</ets> to

turn round.]</ety> <def>To rotate about.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Cir`cum*ro*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

act of rolling or revolving round, as a wheel; circumvolution;

the state of being whirled round.</def>



<au>J. Gregory.</au>



<hw>Cir`cum*scis"sile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>circum-</ets> + <ets>scissle</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Dehiscing or opening by a transverse

fissure extending around (a capsule or pod). See

<xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Pyxidium</er>.</def>



<hw>Cir`cum*scrib"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Capable of being circumscribed.</def>



<hw>Cir`cum*scribe"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Circumscribed</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Circumscribing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>circumscribere</ets>, <ets>-scriptum</ets>; <ets>circum +

scribere</ets> to write, draw. See <er>Soribe</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>to write or engare around.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Thereon is <qex>circumscribed</qex> this epitaph.</q>

<qau>Ashmole.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To inclose within a certain limit; to hem in; to

surround; to bound; to confine; to restrain.</def>



<q>To <qex>circumscribe</qex> royal power.</q>

<qau>Bancroft.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>To draw a line around si as

to touch at certain points without cutting. See

<er>Inscribe</er>, 5.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- To bound; limit; restrict; confine; abridge;

restrain; environ; encircle; inclose; encompass.</syn>



<hw>Cir`cum*scrib"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

who, or that which, circumscribes.</def>



<hw>Cir`cum*scrip"ti*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Capable of being circumscribed or limited by bounds.</def>



<hw>Cir`cum*scrip"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>circumscriptio</ets>. See <er>Circumscribe</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>An inscription written around anything.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Ashmole.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The exterior line which determines the form or

magnitude of a body; outline; periphery.</def>



<au>Ray.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The act of limiting, or the state of being

limited, by conditions or restraints; bound; confinement;

limit.</def>



<q>The <qex>circumscriptions</qex> of terrestrial nature.</q>

<qau>Johnson.</qau>



<q>I would not my unhoused, free condition

Put into <qex>circumscription</qex> and confine.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Cir`cum*scrip"tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Circumscribing or tending to circumscribe; marcing the

limits or form of.</def>



<hw>Cir`cum*scrip"tive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a limited

manner.</def>



<hw>Cir"cum*script`ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In

a literal, limited, or narrow manner.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Cir"cum*spect</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>circumspectus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>circumspicere</ets> to

look about one's self, to observe; <ets>circum + spicere</ets>,

<ets>specere</ets>, to look. See <er>Spy</er>.]</ety>

<def>Attentive to all the circustances of a case or the probable

consequences of an action; cautious; prudent; wary.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Cautious</er>.</syn>



<hw>Cir`cum*spec"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>circumspectio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Attention to all the facts

and circumstances of a case; caution; watchfulness.</def>



<q>With silent <qex>circumspection</qex>, unespied.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Caution; prudence; watchfulness; deliberation;

thoughtfulness; wariness; forecast.</syn>



<-- p. 259 -->



<hw>Cir`cum*spec"tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Looking around everi way; cautious; careful of consequences;

watchful of danger.</def> \'bd<xex>Circumspective</xex> eyes.\'b8



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>Cir`cum*spec"tive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>Circumspectly.</def>



<hw>Cir"cum*spect"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

circumspect manner; cautiously; warily.</def>



<hw>Cir"cum*spect"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Vigilance un

guarding against evil from every quarter; caution.</def>



<q>[Travel] forces <qex>circumspectness</qex> on those abroad,

who at home are nursed in security.</q>

<qau>Sir H. Wotton.</qau>



<hw>Cir"cum*stance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>circumstantia</ets>, fr. <ets>circumstans</ets>,

<ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>circumstare</ets> to stand

around; <ets>circum + stare</ets> to stand. See

<er>Stand</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which attends, or

relates to, or in some way affects, a fact or event; an attendant

thing or state of things.</def>



<q>The <qex>circumstances</qex> are well known in the country

where they happened.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An event; a fact; a particular incident.</def>



<q>The sculptor had in his thoughts the conqoeror weeping for new

worlds, or the like <qex>circumstances</qex> in histery.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Circumlocution; detail.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>So without more <qex>circumstance</qex> at all

I hold it fit that shake hands and part.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Condition in regard to worldly

estate; state of property; situation; surroundings.</def>



<q>When men are easy in their <qex>circumstances</qex>, they are

naturally enemies to innovations.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<cs><col>Not a circumstance</col>, <cd>of no account.

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd> -- <col>Under the

circumstances</col>, <cd>taking all things into

consideration.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Event; occurrence; incident; situation; condition;

position; fact; detail; item. See <er>Event</er>.</syn>



<hw>Cir"cum*stance</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To place in a

particular situation; to suppy relative incidents.</def>



<q>The poet took the matters of fact as they came down to him and

<qex>circumstanced</qex> them, after his own manner.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<hw>Cir"cum*stanced</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. a.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Placed in a particular position or condition;

situated.</def>



<q>The proposition is, that two bodies so

<qex>circumstanced</qex> will balance each other.</q>

<qau>Whewell.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Governed by events or circumstances.</def>

<mark>[Poetic  & R.]</mark> \'bdI must be

<xex>circumstanced</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Cir"cum*stant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>circumstans</ets>. See <er>Circumstance</er>.]</ety>

<def>Standing or placed around; surrounding.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Circumstant</xex> bodies.\'b8



<au>Sir K. Digby.</au>



<hw>Cir`cum*stan"tia*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Capable of being circumstantiated.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Jer Taylor.</au>



<hw>Cir`cum*stan"tial</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>circonstanciel</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Consisting in, or pertaining to, circumstances

or particular incidents.</def>



<q>The usual character of human testimony is substantial truth

under <qex>circumstantial</qex> variety.</q>

<qau>Paley.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Incidental; relating to, but not

essential.</def>



<q>We must therefore distinguish between the essentials in

religious worship . . . and what is merely

<qex>circumstantial</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sharp.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Abounding with circumstances; detailing or

exhibiting all the circumstances; minute; particular.</def>



<q>Tedious and <qex>circumstantial</qex> recitals.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<cs><col>Circumstantial evidence</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>,

<cd>evidence obtained from circumstances, which necessarily or

usually attend facts of a particular nature, from which arises

presumption. According to some authorities

<xex>circumstantial<xex> is distinguished from <xex>positive<xex>

evidence in that the latter is the testimony of eyewitnesses to a

fact or the admission of a party; but the prevalent opinion now

is that all such testimony is dependent on circumstances for its

support. All testimony is more or less <xex>circumstantial<xex>.

<xex>Wharton<xex>.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Minute</er>.</syn>



<hw>Cir`cum*stan"tial</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Something

incidental to the main subject, but of less importance; opposed

to an <xex>essential</xex>; -- generally in the plural; <as>as,

the <ex>circumstantials</ex> of religion</as>.</def>



<au>Addison.</au>



<hw>Cir`cum*stan`ti*al"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>The state, characteristic, or quality of being

circumstantial; particularity or minuteness of detail.</def>

\'bdI will endeavor to describe with sufficient

<xex>circumstantiality</xex>.\'b8



<au>De Quincey.</au>



<hw>Cir`cum*stan"tial*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>In respect to circumstances; not essentially;

accidentally.</def>



<q>Of the fancy and intellect, the powers are only

<qex>circumstantially</qex> different.</q>

<qau>Glanvill.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In every circumstance or particular;

minutely.</def>



<q>To set down somewhat <qex>circumstantially</qex>, not only the

events, but the manner of my trials.</q>

<qau>Boyle.</qau>



<hw>Cir`cum*stan"ti*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Circumstantiated</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Circumstantiating</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See

<er>Circumstantiating</er> (<?/).]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To place in particular circumstances; to invest

with particular accidents or adjuncts.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>If the act were otherwise <qex>circumstantiated</qex>, it

might will that freely which now it wills reluctantly.</q>

<qau>Bramhall.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To prove or confirm by circumstances; to entr

into details concerning.</def>



<q>Neither will time permint to <qex>circumstantiate</qex> these

particulars, which I have only touched in the general.</q>

<qau>State Trials (1661).</qau>



<hw>Cir`cum*ter*ra"ne*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>circum-</ets> + L. <ets>terra</ets>

earth.]</ety> <def>Being or dwelling around the earth.</def>

\'bd<xex>Circumterraneous</xex> demouns.\'b8



<au>H. Hallywell.</au>



<hw>Cir`cum*un"du*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v.  t.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>circum-</ets> + <ets>undulate</ets>.]</ety>

<def>To flow round, as waves.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Cir`cum*val"late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>circumvallatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>circumvallare</ets> to

surround with a wall; <ets>circum</ets> + <ets>vallare</ets> to

wall, fr. <ets>vallum</ets> rampart.]</ety> <def>To surround with

a rampart or wall.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Cir`cum*val"late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Surrounded with a wall; inclosed with a rampart.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Surrounded by a ridle or

elevation; <as>as, the <ex>circumvallate</ex> papill\'91, near

the base of the tongue</as>.</def>



<hw>Cir`cum*val*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The act of surrounding with a

wall or rampart.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A line of field works

made around a besieged place and the besieging army, to protect

the camp of the besiegers against the attack of an enemy from

without.</def>



<hw>Cir`cum*vec"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>circumvectio</ets>; <ets>circum</ets> + <ets>vehere</ets> to

carry.]</ety> <def>The act of carrying anything around, or the

state of being so carried.</def>



<hw>Cir`cum*vent"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Circumvented</er>;

<pos>p. pr. vb. n.</pos> <er>Circumventing</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[L. <ets>circumventis</ets>, p. p. of

<ets>circumvenire</ets>, to come around, encompass, decieve;

<ets>circum</ets> + <ets>venire</ets> to come, akin to E.

<ets>come.</ets>]</ety> <def>To gain advantage over by arts,

stratagem, or deception; to decieve; to delude; to get

around.</def>



<q>I <qex>circumvented</qex> whom I could not gain.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Cir`cum*ven"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>circumventio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of prevailing over

another by arts, address, or fraud; deception; fraud; imposture;

delusion.</def>



<q>A school in which he learns sly <qex>circumvention</qex>.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<hw>Cir`cum*vent"ive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Tending to circumvent; deceiving by artifices;

deluding.</def>



<hw>Cir`cum*vent"or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who circumvents; one who gains his

purpose by cunning.</def>



<hw>Cir`cum*vest"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>circumvestire</ets>; <ets>circum + vestire</ets> to

clothe.]</ety> <def>To cover round, as woth a garment; to

invest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q><qex>Circumvested</qex> with much prejudice.</q>

<qau>Sir H. Wotton.</qau>



<hw>Cir*cum"vo*lant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>circumvolans</ets>, p. pr. See

<er>Circumvolation</er>.]</ety> <def>Flying around.</def>



<q>The <qex>circumvolant</qex> troubles of humanity.</q>

<qau>G. Macdonald.</qau>



<hw>Cir`cum*vo*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>circumvolate</ets>. <ets>-volatum</ets>, to fly around;

<ets>circum + volare</ets> to fly.]</ety> <def>The act of flying

round.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Cir`cum*vo*lu"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Circumvolve</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of rolling round; the state of being

rolled.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A thing rolled round another.</def>



<au>Arbuthnot.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A roundabout procedure; a circumlocution.</def>



<q>He had neither time nor temper for sentimental

<qex>circumvolutions</qex>.</q>

<qau>Beaconsfield.</qau>



<hw>Cir`cum*volve"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Circumvolved</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. vb. n.</pos>

<er>Circumvolving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>circumvolvere</ets>, <ets>-volutum</ets>; <ets>circum +

volvere</ets> to roll.]</ety> <def>To roll round; to cause to

revolve; to put into a circular motion.</def>



<au>Herrick.</au>



<hw>Cir`cum*volve"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To roll round; to

revolve.</def>



<hw>Cir"cus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Circuses</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L.

<ets>circus</ets> circle, ring, circus (in sense 1). See

<er>Circle</er>, and cf. <er>Cirque</er>.]</ety> 



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Roman Antiq.)</fld> <def>A level oblong space

surrounded on three sides by seats of wood, earth, or stone,

rising in tiers one above another, and divided lengthwise through

the middle by a barrier around which the track or course was laid

out. It was used for chariot races, games, and public

shows.</def>



<note><hand/ The <xex>Circus Maximus</xex> at Rome could contain

more than 100,000 spectators.</note>



<au>Harpers' Latin Dict.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A circular inclosure for the exhibition of feats

of horsemanship, acrobatic displays, etc. Also, the company of

performers, with their equipage.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Circuit; space; inclosure.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>The narrow <qex>circus</qex> of my dungeon wall.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<hw>Cirl" bun`ting</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[Cf. It.

<ets>cirlo</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A European

bunting (<spn>Emberiza cirlus</spn>).</def>



<hw>Cirque</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L.

<ets>circus</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A circle; a circus; a circular erection or

arrangement of objects.</def>



<q>A dismal <qex>cirque</qex>

Of Druid stones upon a forlorn moor.</q>

<qau>Keats.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A kind of circular valley in the side of a

mountain, walled around by precipices of great height.</def>



<hw>Cir"rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cirratus</ets> having ringlets, fr. <ets>cirrus</ets> a

curl.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having cirri along the

margin of a part or organ.</def>



<hw>Cir*rhif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See

<er>Cirriferous</er>.</def>



<hw>Cir"rhose</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Cirrose</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cir*rho"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/ orange-colored: cf. F. <ets>cirrhose</ets>. So called

from the yellowish appearance which the diseased liver often

presents when cut.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A disease of the

liver in which it usually becomes smaller in size and more dense

and fibrous in consistence; hence sometimes applied to similar

changes in other organs, caused by increase in the fibrous

framework and decrease in the proper substance of the

organ.</def>



<hw>Cir*rhot"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining

to, caused by, or affected with, cirrhosis; <as>as,

<ex>cirrhotic</ex> degeneration; a <ex>cirrhotic</ex>

liver.</as></def>



<hw>Cir"rhous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See

<er>Cirrose</er>.</def>



<hw>Cir"rhus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Cirrus</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cir"ri</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>See

<er>Cirrus</er>.</def>



<hw>Cir*rif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cirrus</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bearing

cirri, as many plants and animals.</def>



<hw>Cir"ri*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cirrus</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Formed like a cirrus or tendril; -- said

of appendages of both animals and plants.</def>



<hw>Cir*rig"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cirrus</ets> + <ets>-gerous</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having curled locks of hair; supporting

cirri, or hairlike appendages.</def>



<hw>Cir"ri*grade</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cirrus</ets> + L. <ets>gradi</ets> to walk.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Moving or moved by cirri, or hairlike

appendages.</def>



<hw>Cir"ri*ped</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Cirripedia.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cir`ri*pe"di*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>cirrus</ets> curl + <ets>pes</ets>,

<ets>pedis</ets>, foot.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An

order of Crustacea including the barnacles. When adult, they have

a calcareous shell composed of several pieces. From the opening

of the shell the animal throws out a group of curved legs,

looking like a delicate curl, whence the name of the group. See

<er>Anatifa</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cir`ro*bran`chi*a"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. E. <ets>cirrus</ets> + L. <ets>branchiae</ets>

gills.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of Mollusca

having slender, cirriform appendages near the mouth; the

Scaphopoda.</def>



<hw>Cir`ro-cu"mu*lus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cirrus</ets> + <ets>cumulus</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Meteor.)</fld> <def>See under <er>Cloud</er>.</def>



<hw>Cir"rose</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Cirrus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>Bearing a tendril or tendrils; <as>as, a <ex>cirrose</ex>

leaf</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Resembling a tendril or

cirrus.</def> <altsp>[Spelt also <asp>cirrhose</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>\'d8Cir`ros"to*mi</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. E. <ets>cirrus</ets> + Gr. <?/ mouth.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The lowest group of vertebrates; -- so

called from the cirri around the mouth; the Leptocardia. See

<er>Amphioxus</er>.</def>



<hw>Cir`ro-stra"tus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cirrus</ets> + <ets>stratus</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Meteor.)</fld> <def>See under <er>Cloud</er>.</def>



<hw>Cir"rous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Cirrose.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Tufted; -- said of certain

feathers of birds.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cir"rus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Cirri</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L., lock, curl,

ringlet.]</ety> <altsp>[Also written <asp>cirrhus</asp>.]</altsp>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tendril or clasper.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A soft

tactile appendage of the mantle of many Mollusca, and of the

parapodia of Annelida. Those near the head of annelids are

<xex>Tentacular cirri</xex>; those of the last segment are

<xex>caudal cirri</xex>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The jointed,

leglike organs of Cirripedia. See <er>Annelida</er>, and

<er>Polych\'91ta</er>.</def>



<note><hand/ In some of the inferior animals the <xex>cirri</xex>

aid in locomotion; in others they are used in feeding; in the

Annelida they are mostly organs of touch. Some <xex>cirri</xex>

are branchial in function.</note>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The external male organ of

trematodes and some other worms, and of certain Mollusca.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Meteor.)</fld> <def>See under

<er>Cloud</er>.</def>



<hw>Cir"so*cele</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a

dilated vein + <?/ tumor.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The

varicose dilatation of the spermatic vein.</def>



<hw>Cir"soid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a

dilated vein + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>Varicose.</def>



<cs><col>Cirsoid aneurism</col>, <cd>a disease of an artery in

which it becomes dilated and elongated, like a varicose

vein.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cir*sot"o*my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a

dilated vein + <?/ to cut.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>Any

operation for the removal of varices by incision.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>Cis-</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A Latin preposition, sometimes

used as a prefix in English words, and signifying <xex>on this

side</xex>.</def>



<hw>Cis*al"pine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Cisalpinus</ets>; <ets>cis</ets> on this side +

<ets>Alpinus</ets> Alpine.]</ety> <def>On the hither side of the

Alps with reference to Rome, that is, on the south side of the

Alps; -- opposed to <xex>transalpine</xex>.</def>



<hw>Cis`at*lan"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>cis-</ets> + <ets>Atlantic</ets>.]</ety> <def>On this side

of the Atlantic Ocean; -- used of the eastern or the western

side, according to the standpoint of the writer.</def>



<au>Story.</au>



<hw>Cis"co</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>The Lake herring (<spn>Coregonus Artedi</spn>), valuable

food fish of the Great Lakes of North America. The name is also

applied to <spn>C. Hoyi</spn>, a related species of Lake

Michigan.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ci`se*lure"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>The process of chasing on metals; also, the

work thus chased.</def>



<au>Weale.</au>



<hw>Cis*lei"than</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>cis-</ets> + <ets>Leitha</ets>.]</ety> <def>On the Austrian

side of the river Leitha; Austrian.</def>



<hw>Cis*mon"tane</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>cis-</ets> + L. <ets>mons</ets> mountain.]</ety> <def>On

this side of the mountains. See under

<er>Ultramontane</er>.</def>



<hw>Cis"pa*dane`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>cis-</ets> + L. <ets>Padanus</ets>, pert. to the

<ets>Padus</ets> or Po.]</ety> <def>On the hither side of the

river Po with reference to Rome; that is, on the south

side.</def>



<hw>Cis"soid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ like

ivy; <?/ ivy + <?/ form.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A curve

invented by Diocles, for the purpose of solving two celebrated

problems of the higher geometry; viz., to trisect a plane angle,

and to construct two geometrical means between two given straight

lines.</def>



<hw>Cist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cista</ets> box, chest, Gr. <?/ Cf. <er>Chest</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <def>A box or chest.

Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> A bronze receptacle, round or oval,

frequently decorated with engravings on the sides and cover, and

with feet, handles, etc., of decorative castings. <sd>(b)</sd> A

cinerary urn. See <xex>Illustration</xex> in Appendix.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>See <er>Cyst</er>.</def>



<hw>Cist"ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Inclosed in a cyst. See

<er>Cysted</er>.</def>



<hw>Cis*ter"cian</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>Cistercium</ets>. F. <ets>C\'8cteaux</ets>, a convent not

far from Dijon, in France: cf. F. <ets>cistercien</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A monk of the prolific branch of the

Benedictine Order, established in 1098 at C\'8cteaux, in France,

by Robert, abbot of Molesme. For two hundred years the

Cistercians followed the rule of St. Benedict in all its

rigor.</def> -- <def2><pos>a.</pos>  <def>Of or pertaining to the

Cistercians.</def></def2>



<-- p. 260 -->



<hw>Cis"tern</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>cisterne</ets>, OF. <ets>cisterne</ets>, F.

<ets>cisterne</ets>, fr. L. <ets>cisterna</ets>, fr.

<ets>cista</ets> box, chest. See <er>Cist</er>, and cf.

<er>chest</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An artificial reservoir

or tank for holding water, beer, or other liquids.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A natural reservoir; a hollow place containing

water.</def> \'bdThe wide <xex>cisterns</xex> of the lakes.\'b8

<au>Blackmore</au>.



<hw>Cist"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See

<er>Cystic</er>.</def>



<hw>Cit</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Contr. fr.

<ets>citizen</ets>.]</ety> <def>A citizen; an inhabitant of a

city; a pert townsman; -- used contemptuously. \'bdInsulted as a

<xex>cit</xex>\'b8.</q></def>



<au>Johnson</au>



<q>Which past endurance sting the tender <qex>cit</qex>.</q>

<qau>Emerson.</qau>



<hw>Cit"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of

being cited.</def>



<hw>Cit"a*del</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>citadelle</ets>, It. <ets>citadella</ets>, di<?/. of

<ets>citt<?/</ets> city, fr. L. <ets>civitas</ets>. See

<er>City</er>.]</ety> <def>A fortress in or near a fortified

city, commanding the city and fortifications, and intended as a

final point of defense.</def>



<cs><col>Syn</col>. <cd>- Stronghold. See

<er>Fortress</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cit"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Cite</er>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Summons to appear, as

before a judge.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Johnson</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Citation; quotation</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Ci*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>citation</ets>, LL. <ets>citatio</ets>, fr.L.

<ets>citare</ets> to cite. See <er>Cite</er>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>An official summons or notice given to a person to appear;

the paper containing such summons or notice.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of citing a passage from a book, or from

another person, in his own words; also, the passage or words

quoted; quotation.</def>



<q>This horse load of <qex>citations</qex> and fathers.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Enumeration; mention; <as>as, a

<ex>citation</ex> of facts</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A reference to decided cases,

or books of authority, to prove a point in law.</def>



<hw>Ci*ta"tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

cites.</def> <mark>[R]</mark>



<hw>Ci"ta*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>citatirius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the power or form of a

citation; <as>as, letters <ex>citatory</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Cite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Cited</er>; <pos>p. pr. &

vb. n.</pos> <er>Citing</er>]</wordforms> <ety>[F.

<ets>citer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>citare</ets>, intens. of

<ets>cire</ets>, <ets>ci\'c7re</ets>, to put in motion, to

excite; akin to Gr.<?/ to go, Skr. <?/ to sharpen.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To call upon officially or authoritatively to

appear, as before a court; to summon.</def>



<q>The <qex>cited</qex> dead,

Of all past ages, to the general doom

Shall hasten.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q><qex>Cited</qex> by finger of God.</q>

<qau>De Quincey.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To urge; to enjoin.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To quote; to repeat, as a passage from a book,

or the words of another.</def>



<q>The devil can <qex>cite</qex> Scripture for his purpose.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To refer to or specify, as for support, proof,

illustration, or confirmation.</def>



<q>The imperfections which you have <qex>cited</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To bespeak; to indicate.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Aged honor <qex>cites</qex> a virtuous youth.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To notify of a proceeding in

court.</def>



<au>Abbot</au>



<syn>Syn. -- To quote; mention, name; refer to; adduce; select;

call; summon. See <er>Quote</er>.</syn>



<hw>Cit"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

cites.</def>



<hw>Cit"ess</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Cit</er>.]</ety> <def>A city woman</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Cith"a*ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. Cf.

<er>Cittern</er>, <er>Guitar</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>

<def>An ancient instrument resembling the harp.</def>



<hw>Cith`a*ris"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.<?/,

fr.<?/ cithara.]</ety> <def>Pertaining, or adapted, to the

cithara.</def>



<hw>Cith"ern</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Cittern</er>.</def>



<hw>Cit"i*cism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<ets>cit</ets>.]</ety> <def>The manners of a cit or

citizen.</def>



<hw>Cit"ied</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Belonging to, or resembling, a city.</def> \'bdSmoky,

<xex>citied</xex> towns\'b8 <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Drayton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Containing, or covered with, cities.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdThe <xex>citied</xex> earth.\'b8



<au>Keats.</au>



<hw>Cit"i*fied</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>City</ets> +<ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Aping, or

having, the manners of a city.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cit`i*gra"d\'91</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>citus</ets> swift (p. p. of

<ets>cire</ets>, <ets>ciere</ets>, to move) + <ets>gradi</ets> to

walk. See <er>Cite</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

suborder of Arachnoidea, including the European tarantula and the

wolf spiders (<spn>Lycosidae</spn>) and their allies, which

capture their prey by rapidly running and jumping. See <er>Wolf

spider</er>.</def>



<hw>Cit"i*grade</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>citigrade</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>Pertaining to the Citigrad\'91.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos>

<def> One of the Citigrad\'91.</def></def2>



<hw>Cit"i*ner</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who is

born or bred in a city; a citizen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Champan.</au>



<hw>Cit"i*zen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>citisein</ets>, OF. <ets>citeain</ets>, F.

<ets>citoyen</ets>, fr. <ets>cit\'82</ets> city.  See

<er>City</er>, and cf. <er>Cit</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

who enjoys the freedom and privileges of a city; a freeman of a

city, as distinguished from a foreigner, or one not entitled to

its franchises.</def>



<q>That large body of the working men who were not counted as

<qex>citizens</qex> and had not so much as a vote to serve as an

anodyne to their stomachs.</q>

<qau>G. Eliot.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An inhabitant of a city; a townsman.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A person, native or naturalized, of either sex,

who owes allegiance to a government, and is entitled to

reciprocal protection from it.</def>



<note><hand/ This protection is . . . national protection,

recognition of the individual, in the face of foreign nations, as

a member of the state, and assertion of his security and rights

abroad as well as at home.</note>



<au>Abbot</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>One who is domiciled in a country, and who is a

citizen, though neither native nor naturalized, in such a sense

that he takes his legal <xex>status</xex> from such

country.</def>



<hw>Cit"i*zen</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having the

condition or qualities of a citizen, or of citizens; <as>as, a

<ex>citizen</ex> soldiery</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the inhabitants of a city;

characteristic of citizens; effeminate; luxurious.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>I am not well,

But not so <qex>citizen</qex> a wanton as

To seem to die ere sick.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Cit"i*zen*ess</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A female

citizen.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Cit"i*zen*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being a

citizen; the status of a citizen.</def>



<hw>Cit"ole</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>citole</ets>, fr. L. <ets>cithara</ets>. <er>See

Cittern</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A musical instrument;

a kind of dulcimer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Cit`ra*con"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Citric</ets> + <ets>acon</ets>itic.]</ety>

<def>Pertaining to, derived from, or having certain

characteristics of, citric and aconitic acids.</def>



<cs><col>Citraconic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a white,

crystalline, deliquescent substance,

<chform>C3H4(CO2H)2</chform>, obtained by distillation of citric

acid. It is a compound of the ethylene series.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cit"rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Citric</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of citric

acid.</def>



<hw>Cit"ric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>citrique</ets>. See <er>Citron</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or derived from, the

citron or lemon; <as>as, <ex>citric</ex> acid</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Citric acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an organic

acid, <chform>C3H4OH.(CO2H)3</chform>, extracted from lemons,

currants, gooseberies, etc., as a white crystalline substance,

having a pleasant sour taste.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cit`ri*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Citrine</er>.]</ety> <def>The process by which anything

becomes of the color of a lemon; esp., in alchemy, the state of

perfection in the philosopher's stone indicated by its assuming a

deep yellow color.</def>



<au>Thynne.</au>



<hw>Cit"rine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>citrin</ets>. See <er>Citron</er>.]</ety> <def>Like a citron

or lemon; of a lemon color; greenish yellow.</def>



<cs><col>Citrine ointment</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a

yellowish mercurial ointment, the <xex>unquentum hydrargyri

nitratis<xex>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cit"rine</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A yellow, pellucid variety

of quartz.</def>



<hw>Cit"ron</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>citron</ets>, LL. <ets>citro</ets>, fr. L. <ets>citrus</ets>

citron tree (cf. <ets>citreum</ets>, sc. malum, a citron), from

Gr. <?/ citron]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot)</fld> <def>A fruit

resembling a lemon, but larger, and pleasantly aromatic. The

thick rind, when candied, is the citron of commerce.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A citron tree.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A citron melon.</def>



<cs><col>Citron melon</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> A small variety of

muskmelon with sugary greenish flesh. <sd>(b)</sd> A small

variety of watermelon, whose solid white flesh is used in making

sweetmeats and preserves.</cd> -- <col>Citron tree</col>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the tree which bears citrons. It was

probably a native of northern India, and is now understood to be

the typical form of <spn>Citrus Medica</spn>.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Cit"rus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a

citron tree.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of trees

including the orange, lemon, citron, etc., originally natives of

southern Asia.</def>



<hw>Cit"tern</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.<ets>cithara</ets>, Gr. <?/. Cf. <er>Cithara</er>,

<er>Gittern</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An instrument

shaped like a lute, but strung with wire and played with a quill

or plectrum.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>cithern</asp>.]</altsp>



<au>Shak.</au>



<note><hand/ Not to be confounded with <xex>zither</xex>.</note>



<hw>Cit"tern-head`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Blockhead; dunce; -- so called because the handle of a

cittern usually ended with a carved head.</def>



<au>Marsion</au>



<hw>Cit"y</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Cities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[OE. <ets>cite</ets>,

F. <ets>cit</ets><?/, fr. L. <ets>civitas</ets> citizenship,

state, city, fr. <ets>civis</ets> citizen; akin to Goth.

<ets>heiwa</ets> (in <ets>heiwa</ets>frauja man of the house),

AS. <?/, pl., members of a family, servants, <?/ family, G. 

<ets>heirath</ets> marriage, prop., providing a house, E.

<ets>hind</ets> a peasant.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A large

town.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A corporate town; in the United States, a town

or collective body of inhabitants, incorporated and governed by a

mayor and aldermen or a city council consisting of a board of

aldermen and a common council; in Great Britain, a town

corporate, which is or has been the seat of a bishop, or the

capital of his see.</def>



<q>A <qex>city<qex> is a town incorporated; which is, or has

been, the see of a bishop; and though the bishopric has been

dissolved, as at Westminster, it yet remaineth a

<qex>city<qex>.</q>

<qau>Blackstone</qau>



<q>When Gorges constituted York a <qex>city</qex>, he of course

meant it to be the seat of a bishop, for the word <qex>city</qex>

has no other meaning in English law.</q>

<qau>Palfrey</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The collective body of citizens, or inhabitants

of a city.</def>  \'bdWhat is the <xex>city</xex> but the

people?\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Village</er>.</syn>



<hw>Cit"y</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a

city.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<cs><col>City council</col>. <cd>See under <er>Council</er>.</cd>

-- <col>City court</col>, <cd>The municipal court of a city.</cd>

<mark>[U. S.]</mark> -- <col>City ward</col>, <cd>a watchman, or

the collective watchmen, of a city. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>



<au>Fairfax.</au>



<hw>Cive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Same as <er>Chive</er>.</def>



<hw>Civ"et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>civette</ets> (cf. It. <ets>zibetto</ets>) civet, civet cat,

fr. LGr. <?/, fr. Ar. <ets>zub<?/d</ets>, <ets>zab<?/d</ets>,

civet.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A substance, of the consistence of butter or

honey, taken from glands in the anal pouch of the civet

(<spn>Viverra civetta</spn>). It is of clear yellowish or

brownish color, of a strong, musky odor, offensive when

undiluted, but agreeble when a small portion is mixed with

another substance. It is used as a perfume.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>The animal that produces

civet (<spn>Viverra civetta</spn>); -- called also <altname>civet

cat</altname>.  It is carnivorous, from two to three feet long,

and of a brownish gray color, with transverse black bands and

spots on the body and tail. It is a native of northern Africa and

of Asia. The name is also applied to other species.</def>



<hw>Civ"et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To scent or

perfume with civet.</def>



<au>Cowper</au>



<hw>Civ"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.civicus, fr.

<ets>civis</ets> citizen. See <er>City</er>.]</ety> <def>Relating

to, or derived from, a city or citizen; relating to man as a

member of society, or to civil affairs.</def>



<cs><col>Civic crown</col> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld>, <cd>a crown

or garland of oak leaves and acorns, bestowed on a soldier who

had saved the life of a citizen in battle.</cd></cs>



<hw>Civ"i*cism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

principle of civil government.</def>



<hw>Civ"ics</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The science of

civil government.</def>



<hw>Civ"il</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>civilis</ets>, fr. <ets>civis</ets> citizen: cf. F.

<ets>civil</ets>. See <er>City</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Pertaining to a city or state, or to a citizen in his

relations to his fellow citizens or to the state; within the city

or state.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Subject to government; reduced to order;

civilized; not barbarous; -- said of the community.</def>



<q>England was very rude and barbarous; for it is but even the

other day since England grew <qex>civil</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Performing the duties of a citizen; obedient to

government; -- said of an individual.</def>



<q><qex>Civil</qex> men come nearer the saints of God than

others; they come within a step or two of heaven.</q>

<qau>Preston</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Having the manners of one dwelling in a city, as

opposed to those of savages or rustics; polite; courteous;

complaisant; affable.</def>



<note><hand/ \'bdA <xex>civil</xex> man now is one observant of

slight external courtesies in the mutual intercourse between man

and man; a <xex>civil</xex> man once was one who fulfilled all

the duties and obligations flowing from his position as a 'civis'

and his relations to the other members of that

'civitas.'\'b8</note>



<au>Trench</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Pertaining to civic life and affairs, in

distinction from military, ecclesiastical, or official

state.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Relating to rights and remedies sought by action

or suit distinct from criminal proceedings.</def>



<cs><col>Civil action</col>, <cd>an action to enforce the rights

or redress the wrongs of an individual, not involving a criminal

proceeding.</cd> -- <col>Civil architecture</col>, <cd>the

architecture which is employed in constructing buildings for the

purposes of civil life, in distinction from military and naval

architecture, as private houses, palaces, churches, etc.</cd> --

<col>Civil death</col>. <fld>(Law.)</fld> <cd>See under

<er>Death</er>.</cd> -- <col>Civil engineering</col>. <cd>See

under <er>Engineering</er>.</cd> -- <col>Civil law</col>. <cd>See

under <er>Law</er>.</cd> -- <col>Civil list</col>. <cd>See under

<er>List</er>.</cd> -- <col>Civil remedy</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>,

<cd>that given to a person injured, by action, as opposed to a

criminal prosecution.</cd> -- <col>Civil service</col>, <cd>all

service rendered to and paid for by the state or nation other

than that pertaining to naval or military affairs.</cd> --

<col>Civil service reform</col>, <cd>the substitution of business

principles and methods for the spoils system in the conduct of

the civil service, esp. in the matter of appointments to

office.</cd> -- <col>Civil state</col>, <cd>the whole body of the

laity or citizens not included under the military, maritime, and

ecclesiastical states.</cd> -- <col>Civil suit</col>. <cd>Same as

<xex>Civil action<xex>.</cd> -- <col>CCivil war</col>. <cd>See

under <er>War</er>.</cd> -- <col>Civil year</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Year</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ci*vil"ian</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Civil</er>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One skilled in the civil

law.</def>



<q>Ancient <qex>civilians</qex> and writers upon government.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A student of the civil law at a university or

college.</def>



<au>R. Graves.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>One whose pursuits are those of civil life, not

military or clerical.</def>



<hw>Civ"il*ist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

civilian.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Warbur<?/on.</au>



<hw>Ci*vil"l*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Civilities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L.

<ets>civilitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>civilit\'82</ets>. See

<er>Civil</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The state of society in

which the relations and duties of a citizen are recognized and

obeyed; a state of civilization.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Monarchies have risen from barbarrism to <qex>civility</qex>,

and fallen again to ruin.</q>

<qau>Sir J. Davies.</qau>



<q>The gradual depature of all deeper signification from the word

<qex>civility</qex> has obliged the creation of another word --

civilization.</q>

<qau>Trench.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A civil office, or a civil process</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>To serve in a <qex>civility</qex>.</q>

<qau>Latimer.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Courtesy; politeness; kind attention; good

breeding; a polite act or expression.</def>



<q>The insolent <qex>civility</qex> of a proud man is, if

possible, more shocking than his rudeness could be.</q>

<qau>Chesterfield.</qau>



<q>The sweet <qex>civilities</qex> of life.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Urbanity; affability; complaisance.</syn>



<hw>Civ"i*li`za*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of being civilized.</def>



<hw>Civ`i*li*za"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>civilisation</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

civilizing, or the state of being civilized; national culture;

refinement.</def>



<q>Our manners, our civilization, and all the good things

connected with manners, and with <qex>civilization</qex>, have,

in this European world of ours, depended for ages upon two

principles -- . . . the spirit of a gentleman, and spirit of

religion.</q>

<qau>Burke</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Rendering a criminal process

civil.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Civ"i*lize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Civilized</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Civilizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>civilizer</ets>, fr.L. <ets>civilis</ets> civil. See

<er>Civil</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To reclaim from a savage

state; to instruct in the rules and customs of civilization; to

educate; to refine.</def>



<q>Yet blest that fate which did his arms dispose

Her land to <qex>civilize</qex>, as to subdue.</q>

<qau>Dryden</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To admit as suitable to a civilized state.</def>

<mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Civilizing</xex> adultery.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- To polish; refine; humanize.</syn>



<hw>Civ"i*lized</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Reclaimed

from savage life and manners; instructed in arts, learning, and

civil manners; refined; cultivated.</def>



<q>Sale of conscience and duty in open market is not reconcilable

with the present state of <qex>civilized</qex> society.</q>

<qau>J. Quincy.</qau>



<hw>Civ"i*li*zer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who,

or that which, civilizes or tends to civilize.</def>



<hw>Civ"i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a civil

manner; as regards civil rights and privileges; politely;

courteously; in a well bred manner.</def>



<hw>Civ"ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.F.

<ets>civisme</ets>, fr.L. <ets>civis</ets> citizen.]</ety>

<def>State of citizenship.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Dyer.</au>



<hw>Ciz"ar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Cizars</er>.]</ety> <def>To clip with scissors.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>



<hw>Ciz"ars</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<def>Scissors.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>Cize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Bulk; largeness.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Size</er>.</def>



<hw>Clab"ber</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Bonnyclabber</er>]</ety> <def>Milk curdled so as to become

thick.</def>



<hw>Clab"ber</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To become clabber; to

lopper.</def>



<hw>Clach"an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Scot.,

fr.Gael.]</ety> <def>A small village containing a church.</def>

<mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<au>Sir W. Scott</au>



<q>Sitting at the <qex>clachon alehouse</qex>.</q>

<qau>R. L. Stevenson.</qau>



<hw>Clack</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Clacked</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>;<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Clacking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Prob. of imitative origin;

cf. F.<ets>claquer</ets> to clap, crack, D. <ets>klakken</ets>,

MHG. <ets>klac</ets> crack, Ir. <ets>clagaim</ets> I make a

noise, ring. Cf. <er>Clack</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, <er>Clatter</er>,

<er>Click</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make a sudden, sharp

noise, or a succesion of such noises, as by striking an object,

or by collision of parts; to rattle; to click.</def>



<q>We heard Mr.Hodson's whip <qex>clacking</qex> on the ahoulders

of the poor little wretches.</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



<-- p. 261  -->



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To utter words rapidly and continually, or with

abruptness; to let the tongue run.</def>



<hw>Clack</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

cause to make a sudden, sharp noise, or succession of noises; to

click.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To utter rapidly and inconsiderately.</def>



<au>Feltham.</au>



<cs><col>To clack wool</col>, <cd>to cut off the sheep's mark, in

order to make the wool weigh less and thus yield less duty</cd>.

<mark>[Eng.]</mark></cs>



<hw>Clack</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>claque</ets> a

slap or smack, MHG. <ets>klac</ets> crack, W. <ets>clec</ets>

crack, gossip. See <er>Clack</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A sharp, abrupt noise, or succession of noises,

made by striking an object.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything that causes a clacking noise, as the

clapper of a mill, or a clack valve.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Continual or importunate talk; prattle;

prating.</def>



<q>Whose chief intent is to vaunt his spiritual

<qex>clack</qex>.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<cs><col>Clack box</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>the box or

chamber in which a clack valve works.</cd> -- <col>Clack

dish</col>, <cd>a dish with a movable lid, formerly carried by

beggars, who clacked the lid to attract notice.</cd></cs>



<au>Shak.</au>



<cs><col>Clack door</col> <fld>(Mining)</fld>, <cd>removable

cover of the opening through which access is had to a pump

valve.</cd> -- <col>Clack valve</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a

valve; esp. one hinged at one edge, which, when raised from its

seat, falls with a clacking sound.</cd></cs>



<hw>Clack"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who clacks; that which clacks; especially, the clapper

of a mill.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A claqueur. See <er>Claqueur</er>.</def>



<hw>Clad</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v.t</pos> <def>To clothe.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Holland.</au>



<hw>Clad</hw>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of

<er>Clothe</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cla*doc"e*ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a sprout + <?/ a horn.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of the Entomostraca.</def>



<note><hand/ They have a bivalve shell, covering the body but not

the head, and from four to six pairs of legs and two pairs of

anten\'91, for use in swimming. They mostly inhabit fresh

water.</note>



<hw>Clad"o*phyll</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a

sprout + <?/ a leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A special

branch, resembling a leaf, as in the apparent foliage of the

broom (<spn>Ruscus</spn>) and of the common cultivated smilax

(<spn>Myrsiphillum</spn>).</def>



<hw>Clag"gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Clog</er>.]</ety> <def>Adhesive; -- said of a roof in a mine

to which coal clings.</def>



<hw>Claik</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Clake</er>.</def>



<hw>Claim</hw> <pr>(kl\'bem)</pr>, <pos>v.<?/.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Claimed</er>

<pr>(kl\'bemd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Claiming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>clamen</ets>,

<ets>claimen</ets>, OF. <ets>clamer</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>clamare</ets> to cry out, call; akin to <ets>calare</ets> to

proclaim, Gr. <?/ to call, Skr. <ets>kal</ets> to sound, G.

<ets>holen</ets> to fetch, E. <ets>hale</ets> haul.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To ask for, or seek to obtain, by virtue of

authority, right, or supposed right; to challenge as a right; to

demand as due.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To proclaim.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To call or name.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To assert; to maintain.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Claim</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To be entitled to anything;

to deduce a right or title; to have a claim.</def>



<q>We must know how the first ruler, from whom any one

<qex>claims</qex>, came by his authority.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<hw>Claim</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Of. <ets>claim</ets> cry,

complaint, from <ets>clamer</ets>. See <er>Claim</er>,

v.t.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A demand of a right or supposed

right; a calling on another for something due or supposed to be

due; an assertion of a right or fact.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A right to claim or demand something; a title to

any debt, privilege, or other thing in possession of another;

also, a title to anything which another should give or concede

to, or confer on, the claimant.</def> \'bdA bar to all

<xex>claims</xex> upon land.\'b8



<au>Hallam.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The thing claimed or demanded; that (as land) to

which any one intends to establish a right; as a settler's

<xex>claim</xex>; a miner's <xex>claim</xex>.</def> <mark>[U.S. &

Australia]</mark>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A laoud call.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser</au>



<q>To lay claim to, to demand as a right. \'bdDoth he <qex>lay

claim to</qex> thine inheritance?\'b8</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Claim"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of

being claimed.</def>



<hw>Claim"ant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>OF</er>. <ets>clamant</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>clamer</ets>.

Cf.<er>Clamant</er>.]</ety> <def>One who claims; one who asserts

a right or title; a claimer.</def>



<hw>Claim"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

claims; a claimant.</def>



<hw>Claim"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no claim.</def>



<hw>\'d8Clair"-ob*scur"</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F. See <er>Clare-obscure</er>.]</ety> <def>See

<er>Chiaroscuro</er>.</def>



<hw>Clair*voy"ance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A power, attributed to some persons while in

a mesmeric state, of discering objects not perceptible by the

senses in their normal condition.</def>



<hw>Clair*voy"ant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.

<ets>clair</ets> clear + <ets>voyant</ets>, p. pr. of

<ets>voir</ets> to see. See <er>Clear</er>, and

<er>Vision</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to clairvoyance;

discerning objects while in a mesmeric state which are not

present to the senses.</def>



<hw>Clair*voy"ant</hw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who is able, when

in a mesmeric state, to discern objects not present to the

senses.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Clake</hw>, <hw>Claik</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw>

<pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The bernicle goose; --

called also <altname>clack goose</altname>.</def><-- now called

barnacle goose-->



<hw>Clam</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Clamp</er>, <er>Clam</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>,

<er>Clammy</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

bivalve mollusk of many kinds, especially those that are edible;

<as>as, the long <ex>clam</ex> (<spn>Mya arenaria</spn>), the

quahog or round <ex>clam</ex> (<spn>Venus mercenaria</spn>), the

sea <ex>clam</ex> or hen <ex>clam</ex> (<spn>Spisula

solidissima</spn>), and other species of the United States</as>.

The name is said to have been given originally to the

<spn>Tridacna gigas</spn>, a huge East Indian bivalve.</def>



<q>You shall scarce find any bay or shallow shore, or cove of

sand, where you may not take many <qex>clampes</qex>, or

lobsters, or both, at your pleasure.</q>

<qau>Capt. John Smith (1616).</qau>



<q><qex>Clams</qex>, or <qex>clamps</qex>, is a shellfish not

much unlike a coclke; it lieth under the sand.</q>

<qau>Wood (1634).</qau>



<sn>2.</sn>   <fld>(Ship Carp.)</fld> <def>Strong pinchers or

forceps.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A kind of

vise, usually of wood.</def>



<cs><col>Blood clam</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Blood</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Clam</hw> <pr>(cl\'ddm)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Clammed</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Clamming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. AS.

<ets>cl\'91man</ets> to clam, smear; akin to Icel.

<ets>kleima</ets> to smear, OHG. <ets>kleimjan</ets>,

<ets>chleimen</ets>, to defile, or E. <ets>clammy</ets>.]</ety>

<def>To clog, as with glutinous or viscous matter.</def>



<q>A swarm of wasps got into a honey pot, and there they cloyed

and <qex>clammed</qex> Themselves till there was no getting out

again.</q>

<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>



<hw>Clam</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To be moist or glutinous; to

stick; to adhere.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Dryden</au>



<hw>Clam</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Claminess; moisture.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdThe <xex>clam</xex> of death.\'b8



<au>Carlyle.</au>



<hw>Clam</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Abbrev. fr.

<ets>clamor</ets>.]</ety> <def>A crash or clangor made by ringing

all the bells of a chime at once.</def>



<au>Nares.</au>



<hw>Clam</hw>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <def>To produce, in bell

ringing, a clam or clangor; to cause to clang.</def>



<au>Nares.</au>



<hw>Cla"mant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>clamans</ets>, p. pr. of clamare to call. Cf.

<er>Claimant</er>.]</ety> <def>Crying earnestly, beseeching

clamorousky.</def> \'bd<xex>Clamant</xex> children.\'b8



<au>Thomson.</au>



<hw>Cla*ma"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>clamatio</ets>, fr. L. <ets>clamare</ets> to call.]</ety>

<def>The act of crying out.</def>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>\'d8Clam`a*to"res</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>clamator</ets>, pl. <ets>clamatores</ets>, a

bawler.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of passerine

birds in which the vocal muscles are but little developed, so

that they lack the power of singing.</def>



<hw>Clam`a*to"rial</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or pertaining to the

Clamatores.</def>



<hw>Clam"bake</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The backing

or steaming of clams on heated stones, between layers of seaweed;

hence, a picnic party, gathered on such an occasion.</def>



<hw>Clam"ber</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Clambered</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Clambering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE <ets>clambren</ets>,

<ets>clameren</ets>, to heap together, climb; akin to Icel.

<ets>klambra</ets> to clamp, G. <ets>klammern</ets>. Cf.

<er>Clamp</er>, <er>Climb</er>.]</ety> <def>To climb with

difficulty, or with hands and feet; -- also used

figuratively.</def>



<q>The narrow street that <qex>clambered</qex> toward the

mill.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Clam"ber</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of

clambering.</def>



<au>T. Moore.</au>



<hw>Clam"ber</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To ascend by climbing

with difficulty.</def>



<q><qex>Clambering</qex> the walls to eye him.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Clam*jam"phrie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Low,

worthless people; the rabble.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<au>Jamieson.</au>



<hw>Clam"mi*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

clammy manner.</def> \'bdOozing so <xex>clammily</xex>.\'b8



<au>Hood.</au>



<hw>Clam"mi*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>State of being clammy

or viscous.</def>



<hw>Clam"my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Clammier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

superl. <er>Clammiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. AS.

<ets>cl\'bem</ets> clay. See <er>Clam</er> to clog, and cf.

<er>Clay</er>.]</ety> <def>Having the quality of being viscous or

adhesive; soft and sticky; glutinous; damp and adhesive, as if

covered with a cold perspiration.</def>



<hw>Clam"or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>clamour</ets>, <ets>clamur</ets>, F. <ets>clameur</ets>, fr.

L. <ets>clamor</ets>, fr. <ets>clamare</ets> to cry out. See

<er>Claim</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A great outcry or

vociferation; loud and continued shouting or exclamation.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any loud and continued noise.</def>



<au>Addison.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A continued expression of dissatisfaction or

discontent; a popular outcry.</def>



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Outcry; exclamation; noise; uproar.</syn>



<hw>Clam"or</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Clamored</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Clamoring</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

salute loudly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>The people with a shout

Rifted the air, <qex>clamoring</qex> their god with praise.</q>

<qau>Milton</qau>.



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To stun with noise.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To utter loudly or repeatedly; to shout.</def>



<q><qex>Clamored</qex> their piteous prayer incessantly.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<q>To clamor bells, to repeat the strokes quickly so as to

produce a loud clang.</q>

<qau>Bp. Warbur<?/ion.</qau>



<hw>Clam"or</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To utter loud sounds or

outcries; to vociferate; to complain; to make importunate

demands.</def>



<q>The obscure bird

<qex>Clamored</qex> the livelong night.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Clam"or*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

clamors.</def>



<hw>Clam"or*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>clamorosus</ets>, for L. <ets>Clamosus</ets>: cf. OF.

<ets>clamoreux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Speaking and repeating loud

words; full of clamor; calling or demanding loudly or urgently;

vociferous; noisy; bawling; loud; turbulent.</def> \'bdMy young

ones were <xex>clamorous</xex> for a morning's excursion.\'b8



<au>Southey.</au>



-- <wordforms><wf>Clam"or*ous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Clam"or*ous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Clamp</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. LG. & D.

<ets>klamp</ets>, Dan. <ets>klampe</ets>, also D.

<ets>klampen</ets> to fasten, clasp. Cf. <er>Clam<?/er</er>,

<er>Cramp</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Something rigid that

holds fast or binds things together; a piece of wood or metal,

used to hold two or more pieces together.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An instrument with a screw or

screws by which work is held in its place or two parts are

temporarily held together.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<fld>(Joinery)</fld> <def>A piece of wood placed across another,

or inserted into another, to bind or strengthen.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>One of a pair of movable pieces of lead, or

other soft material, to cover the jaws of a vise and enable it to

grasp without bruising.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>A thick plank on the

inner part of a ship's side, used to sustuan the ends of

beams.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A mass of bricks heaped up to be burned; or of

ore for roasting, or of coal coking.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A mollusk. See <er>Clam</er>.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Clamp nails, nails used to fasten on clamps in ships.</q>



<hw>Clamp</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Clamped</er> <pr>(?;

215)</pr> <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Clamping</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To fasten with a

clamp or clamps; to apply a clamp to; to place in a clamp.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cover, as vegetables, with earth.</def>

<mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Clamp</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. an imitative word.

Cf.<er>Clank</er>.]</ety> <def>A heavy footstep; a tramp.</def>



<hw>Clamp</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To tread heavily or

clumsily; to clump.</def>



<q>The policeman with <qex>clamping</qex> feet.</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



<hw>Clamp"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An instrument

of iron, with sharp prongs, attached to a boot or shoe to enable

the wearer to walk securely upon ice; a creeper.</def>



<au>Kane.</au>



<hw>Clan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gael.

<ets>clann</ets> offspring, descendants; akin to Ir.

<ets>clann</ets>, <ets>cland</ets>, offspring, tribe, family;

perh. from L. <ets>plania</ets> scion, slip, cutting. Cf.

<er>Plant</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A tribe or

collection of families, united under a chieftain, regarded as

having the same common ancestor, and bearing the same surname;

<as>as, the <ex>clan</ex> of Macdonald</as>.</def> \'bdI have

marshaled my <xex>clan</xex>.\'b8



<au>Campbell.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A clique; a sect, society, or body of persons;

esp., a body of persons united by some common interest or

pursuit; -- sometimes used contemptuously.</def>



<q>Partidge and the rest of his <qex>clan</qex> may hoot me.</q>

<qau>Smolett.</qau>



<q>The whole <qex>clan</qex> of the enlightened among us.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<hw>Clan"cu*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>clancularius</ets> , from <ets>clanculum</ets> secretly,

adv. dim. of <ets>clam</ets> secretly.]</ety> <def>Conducted with

secrecy; clandestine; concealed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Not close and <qex>clancular</qex>, but frank and open.</q>

<qau>Barrow.</qau>



<hw>Clan"cu*lar*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>privately;

secretly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Clan*des"tine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>clandestinus</ets>, fr. <ets>clam</ets> secretly; akin to

<ets>celare</ets>, E. <ets>conceal</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>clandestin</ets>.]</ety> <def>Conducted with secrecy;

withdrawn from public notice, usually for an evil purpose; kept

secret; hidden; private; underhand; <as>as, a

<ex>clandestine</ex> marriage</as>.</def>



<au>Locke.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Hidden; secret; private; concealed; underhand; sly;

stealthy; surreptitious; furtive; fraudulent.</syn>



 -- <wordforms><wf>Clan*des"tine*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Clan*des"tine*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Clan`des*tin"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Privacy or secrecy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Clang</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Clanged</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Clanging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>clangere</ets>;

akin to Gr. <?/ to clash, scream; or perh.  to E.

<ets>clank</ets>.]</ety> <def>To strike together so as to produce

a ringing metallic sound.</def>



<q>The fierce Caretes . . . <qex>clanged</qex> their sounding

arms.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<hw>Clang</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To give out a clang; to

resound.</def> \'bd<pos>Clanging </pos>hoofs.\'b8



<au>Tennyson.</au>



<hw>Clang</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A loud, ringing

sound, like that made by metallic substances when clanged or

struck together.</def>



<q>The broadsword's deadly <qex>clang</qex>,

As if a thousand anvils rang.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Qualyty of tone.</def>



<hw>Clan"gor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.

<ets>clangere</ets>. See <er>Clang</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>

<def>A sharp, harsh, ringing sound.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Clan"gor*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>clangorosus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Making a clangor; having a

ringing, metallic sound.</def>



<hw>Clan"gous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Making a

clang, or a ringing metallic sound.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Clan*jam"frie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Clamjamphrie</er>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>Clank</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Akin to

<ets>clink</ets>, and of imitative origin; cf. G.

<ets>klang</ets> sound, D. <ets>klank</ets>. Cf.

<er>Clang</er>.]</ety> <def>A sharp, brief, ringing sound, made

by a collision of metallic or other sonorous bodies; -- usually

expressing a duller or less resounding sound than

<xex>clang</xex>, and a deeper and stronger sound than

<xex>clink</xex>.</def>



<q>But not in chains to pine,

His spirit withered with tyeur <qex>clank</qex>.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<hw>Clank</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Clanked</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Clanking</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cause to sound

with a clank; <as>as, the prisoners <ex>clank</ex> their

chains</as>.</def>



<hw>Clank</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To sound with a

clank.</def>



<hw>Clank"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without a clank.</def>



<au>Byreon.</au>



<hw>Clan"nish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to a clan; closely united, like a clan; disposed to

associate only with one's clan or clique; actuated by the

traditions, prejudices, habits, etc., of a clan.</def>



-- <wordforms><wf>Clan"nish*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Clan"nish*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Clan"ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A state of being united

togheter as in a clan; an association under a chieftain.</def>



<hw>Clans"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Clansmen</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> One belonging to the same

clan with another.</def>



<hw>Clap</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Clapped</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Clapping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>clappan</ets>;

akin to Icel. & Sw. <ets>klappa</ets>, D, <ets>klappen</ets>, to

clap, prate, G. <ets>klaffen</ets>, v.i., to split open, yelp,

<ets>klopfen</ets>, v.t. & i., to knock.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To strike; to slap; to strike, or strike together, with a

quick motion, so, as to make a sharp noise; <as>as, to

<ex>clap</ex> one's hands; a <ex>clapping</ex> of

wings.</as></def>



<q>Then like a bird it sits and sings,

And whets and <qex>claps</qex> its silver wings.</q>

<qau>Marvell.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To thrust, drive, put, or close, in a hasty or

abrupt manner; -- often followed by <xex>to</xex>,

<xex>into</xex>, <xex>on</xex>, or <xex>upon</xex>.</def>



<q>He had just time to get in and <qex>clap</qex> to the

door.</q>

<qau>Locke</qau>



<q><qex>Clap</qex> an extinguaisher upon your irony.</q>

<qau>Lamb.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To manifest approbation of, by striking the

hands together; to applaud; <as>as, to <ex>clap</ex> a

performance</as>.</def>



<cs><col>To clap hands</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To pledge faith by

joining hands. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sd>(b)</sd> <def>To express contempt or derision.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Lam. ii. 15.</au>



<cs><col>To clap hold of</col>, <cd>to seize roughly or

quickly.</cd> -- <col>To clap up</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To

imprison hastily or without due formality.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd>

<cd>To make or contrive hastily.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdWas

ever match <xex>clapped up</xex> so suddenly?\'b8



<au>Shak.</au></cs>



<hw>Clap</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

knock, as at a door.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To strike the hands together in applause.</def>



<q>Their ladies bid them <qex>clap</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To come together suddenly with noise.</def>



<q>The doors around me <qex>clapped</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To enter with alacrity and briskness; -- with

<xex>to</xex> or</def> <xex>into</xex>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

\'bdShall we <xex>clap</xex> into it roundly, without . . .

saying we are hoarse?\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To talk noisily; to chatter loudly.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Clap</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A loud

noise made by sudden collision; a bang.</def> \'bdGive the door

such a <xex>clap</xex>, as you go out, as will shake the whole

room.\'b8



<au>Swift.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A burst of sound; a sudden explosion.</def>



<q>Horrible <qex>claps</qex> of thunder.</q>

<qau>Hakewill.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A single, sudden act or motion; a stroke; a

blow.</def>



<q>What, fifty of my followers at a <qex>clap</qex>!</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A striking of hands to express

approbation.</def>



<q>Unextrected <qex>claps</qex> or hisses.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Noisy talk; chatter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Falconry)</fld> <def>The nether part of the

beak of a hawk.</def>



<cs><col>Clap dish</col>. <cd>See <cref>Clack dish</cref>, under

<er>Clack</er>, <pos>n.</pos></cd> -- <col>Clap net</col>, <cd>a

net for taking birds, made to close or clap together.</cd></cs>



<hw>Clap</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>clapoir</ets>.]</ety> <def>Gonorrhea.</def>



<hw>Clap"board</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A narrow board, thicker at one edge than at the other; --

used for weatherboarding the outside of houses.</def> <mark>[U.

S.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A stave for a cask.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>Clap"board</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cover with

clapboards; <as>as, to <ex>clapboard</ex> the sides of a

house</as>.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>



<au>Bartlett.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Clap"bread`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Clap"cake`</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Oatmeal cake or bread

clapped or beaten till it is thin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>Clape</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A bird; the flicker.</def>



<hw>Clap"per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

person who claps.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which strikes or claps, as the tongue of a

bell, or the piece of wood that strikes a mill hopper, etc. See

<xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Bell</er>.</def>



<cs><col>Clapper rail</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an

Americam species of rail (<spn>Rallus scepitans</spn>).</cd></cs>



<hw>Clap"per</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>clapier</ets>.]</ety> <def>A rabbit burrow.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Clap"per*claw</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Clap</ets> + <ets>claw</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To fight and scratch.</def>



<au>C. Smart.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To abuse with the tongue; to revile; to

scold.</def>



<hw>Claps</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>Variant of

<er>Clasp</er></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Clap"trap`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A contrivance for clapping in theaters.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A trick or device to gain applause;

humbug.</def>



<hw>Clap"trap`</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Contrived for the purpose

of making a show, or gaining applause; deceptive; unreal.</def>



<hw>\'d8Claque</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<def>A collection of persons employed to applaud at a theatrical

exhibition.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cla`queur"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>One of the claque employed to applaud at a

theater.</def>



<hw>Clare</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A nun of the

order of St.Clare.</def>



<hw>Clar"ence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A close

four-wheeled carriage, with one seat inside, and a seat for the

driver.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Clar"en*ceux</hw>, <hw>Clar"en*cieux</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>See

<er>King-at-arms</er>.</def>



<hw>Clar"en*don</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A style of

type having a narrow and heave face. It is made in all

sizes.</def>



<note><hand/ This line is in nonpareil Clarendon.</note>



<hw>Clare"-ob*scure"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>clarus</ets> clear + <ets>obscurus</ets> obscure; cf. F.

<ets>clair-obscur</ets>. Cf. <er>Chiaroscuro</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Painting)</fld> <def>See <er>Chiaroscuro</er>.</def>



<hw>Clar"et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>claret</ets>, <ets>clare</ets>, <ets>clarry</ets>, OF.

<ets>claret</ets>, <ets>clar<?/</ets>, fr. <ets>cler</ets>, F.

<ets>clair</ets>, clear, fr. L. <ets>clarus</ets> clear. See

<er>Clear</er>.]</ety> <def>The name firat given in England to

the red wines of M<?/doc, in France, and afterwards extended to

all the red Bordeaux wines. The name is also given to similar

wines made in the United States.</def>



<hw>Clar`i*bel"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

from L. <ets>clarus</ets> clear + <ets>bellus</ets> fine.]</ety>

<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A soft, sweet stop, or set of open wood

pipes in an organ.</def>



<hw>Clar"i*chord</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>clatocorde</ets>, fr.L. <ets>clarus</ets> clear +

<ets>chorda</ets> string. See <er>Chord</er>.]</ety> <def>A

musical instrument, formerly in use, in form of a spinet; --

called also <altname>manichord</altname> and

<altname>clavichord</altname>.</def>



<hw>Clar`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>clarification</ets>, L. <ets>clarificatio</ets>

glorification.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or process of

making clear or transparent, by freeing visible impurities;

<as>as, the <ex>clarification</ex> of wine</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of freeing from obscurities.</def>



<q>The <qex>clarification</qex> of men's ideas.</q>

<qau>Whewell.</qau>



<hw>Clar"i*fi`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>That which clarifies.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A vessel in which the process of clarification

is conducted; <as>as, the <ex>clarifier</ex> in sugar

works</as>.</def>



<au>Ure.</au>



<hw>Clar"i*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Clarified</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Clarifying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>clarifier</ets>,

from L. <ets>clarificare</ets>; <ets>clarus</ets> clear +

<ets>facere</ets> to make. See <er>Clear</er>, and

<er>Fact</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make clear or bright by

freeing from feculent matter; to defecate; to fine; -- said of

liquids, as wine or sirup.</def> \'bdBoiled and

<xex>clarified</xex>.\'b8



<au>Ure.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make clear; to free from obscurities; to

brighten or illuminate.</def>



<q>To <qex>clarify</qex> his reason, and to rectify his will.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To glorify.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Fadir, <qex>clarifie</qex> thi name.</q>

<qau>Wyclif (John ii. 28).</qau>



<hw>Clar"i*fy</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To grow or

become clear or transparent; to become free from feculent

impurities, as wine or other liquid under clarification.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To grow clear or bright; to clear up.</def>



<q>Whosoever hath his mind fraught with many thoughts, his wits

and understanding do <qex>clarify</qex> and break up in the

discoursing with another.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<hw>Clar"i*gate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>clarigare</ets>]</ety> <def>To declare war with certain

ceremonies.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Holland.</au>



<hw>Clar"i*net`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>clarinette</ets>, dim. of <ets>clarine</ets>, from L.

<ets>clarus</ets>. See <er>Clear</er>, and cf.

<er>Clarion</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A wind

instrument, blown by a single reed, of richer and fuller tone

than the oboe, which has a double reed. It is the leading

instrument in a military band. <note>[Often improperly called

<xex>clarionet</xex>.]</note></def>



<hw>\'d8Cla*ri"no</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It. a

trumpet.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A reed stop in an

organ.</def>



<hw>Clar"i*on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>clarioun</ets>, OF. <ets>clarion</ets>, F.

<ets>clairon</ets>, LL. <ets>clario</ets>, <ets>claro</ets>; so

called from its clear tone, fr. L. <ets>clarus</ets> clear. See

<er>Clear</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of trumpet, whose note is

clear and shrill.</def>



<q>He sounds his imperial <qex>clarion</qex> along the whole line

of battle.</q>

<qau>E. Everett.</qau>



<hw>Clar`i*o*net"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Clarion</er>, <er>Clarinet</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>

<def>See <er>Clarinet</er>.</def>



<hw>Cla*ris"o*nus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>clarisonus</ets>; <ets>clarus + sonus</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Having a clear sound.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Ash.</au>



<hw>Clar"i*tude</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>claritudo</ets>, fr. <ets>clarus</ets> clear.]</ety>

<def>Clearness; splendor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>



<hw>Clar"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>claritas</ets>, fr. <ets>clarus</ets> clear: cf. F.

<ets>clart\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Clearness; brightness;

splendor.</def>



<q>Floods, in whose more than crystal <qex>clarity</qex>,

Innumerable virgin graces row.</q>

<qau>Beaumont.</qau>



<hw>Cla"ro-ob*scu"ro</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Chiaroscuro</er>.</def>



<hw>Clar`r\'82"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Claret</er>.]</ety> <def>Wine with a mixture of honey and

species.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Clart</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Armor.

<ets>kalar</ets> mud, mire, <ets>kalara</ets> to dirt, Sw.

<ets>lort</ets> mud.]</ety> <def>To daub, smear, or spread, as

with mud, etc.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>Clart"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Sticky and

foul; muddy; filthy; dirty.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>Clar"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Clarion</er>.]</ety> <def>To make a loud or shrill

noise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Golding.</au>



<hw>Cla"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. LL.

<ets>sclarea</ets>, <ets>scarlea</ets>, D. & G.

<ets>scharlei</ets>, F. <ets>sclar\'82e</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant (<spn>Salvia sclarea</spn>) of the

Sage family, used in flavoring soups.</def>



<cs><col>Clary water</col>, <cd>a composition of clary flowers

with brandy, etc., formerly used as a cardiac.</cd></cs>



<hw>Clash</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Clashed</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Clashing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Of imitative origin; cf. G.

<ets>klatschen</ets>, Prov. G. <ets>kleschen</ets>, D.

<ets>kletsen</ets>, Dan. <ets>klaske</ets>, E.

<ets>clack</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make a noise by

striking against something; to dash noisily together.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To meet in opposition; to act in a contrary

direction; to come onto collision; to interfere.</def>



<q>However some of his interests might <qex>clash</qex> with

those of the chief adjacent colony.</q>

<qau>Palfrey.</qau>



<hw>Clash</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To strike noisily against

or together.</def>



<hw>Clash</hw> <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A loud noise

resulting from collision; a noisy collision of bodies; a

collision.</def>



<q>The roll of cannon and <qex>clash</qex> of arms.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Opposition; contradiction; as between differing

or contending interests, views, purposes, etc.</def>



<q><qex>Clashes</qex> between popes and kings.</q>

<qau>Denham.</qau>



<hw>Clash"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With clashing.</def>



<hw>Clasp</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Clasped</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Clasping</er>]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>claspen</ets>,

<ets>clapsen</ets>, prob. akin to E. <ets>clap</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To shut or fasten together with, or as with, a

clasp; to shut or fasten (a clasp, or that which fastens with a

clasp).</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To inclose and hold in the hand or with the

arms; to grasp; to embrace.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To surround and cling to; to entwine

about.</def> \'bd<xex>Clasping</xex> ivy.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Clasp</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An adjustable

catch, bent plate, or hook, for holding together two objects or

the parts of anything, as the ends of a belt, the covers of a

book, etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A close embrace; a throwing of the arms around;

a grasping, as with the hand.</def>



<cs><col>Clasp knife</col>, <cd>a large knife, the blade of which

folds or shuts into the handle.</cd> -- <col>Clasp lock</col>,

<cd>a lock which closes or secures itself by means of a

spring.</cd></cs>



<hw>Clasp"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who, or that which, clasps, as a tendril.</def> \'bdThe

<xex>claspers</xex> of vines.\'b8



<au>Derham.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of a pair

of organs used by the male for grasping the female among many of

the Crustacea.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of a pair of male

copulatory organs, developed on the anterior side of the ventral

fins of sharks and other elasmobranchs. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of

<er>Chim\'91ra</er>.</def>



<hw>Clasp"ered</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Furnished

with tendrils.</def>



<hw>Class</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>classe</ets>, fr. L. <ets>classis</ets> class, collection,

fleet; akin to Gr. <?/ a calling, <?/ to call, E.

<ets>claim</ets>, <ets>haul</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

group of individuals ranked together as possessing common

characteristics; <as>as, the different <ex>classes</ex> of

society; the educated <ex>class</ex>; the lower

<ex>classes</ex>.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A number of students in a school or college, of

the same standing, or pursuing the same studies.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A comprehensive division of animate or inanimate

objects, grouped together on account of their common

characteristics, in any classification in natural science, and

subdivided into orders, families, tribes, gemera, etc.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A set; a kind or description, species or

variety.</def>



<q>She had lost one <qex>class</qex> energies.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Methodist Church)</fld> <def>One of the

sections into which a church or congregation is divided, and

which is under the supervision of a <xex>class

leader</xex>.</def>



<cs><col>Class of a curve</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>the kind

of a curve as expressed by the number of tangents that can be

drawn from any point to the curve. A circle is of the second

class.</cd> -- <col>Class meeting</col> <fld>(Methodist

Church)</fld>, <cd>a meeting of a class under the charge of a

class leader, for counsel and relegious instruction.</cd></cs>



<hw>Class</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Classed</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Classing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>classer</ets>.

See <er>Class</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

arrange in classes; to classify or refer to some class; <as>as,

to <ex>class</ex> words or passages</as>.</def>



<note><hand/ In scientific arrangement, to <xex>classify</xex> is

used instead of to <xex>class</xex>.</note>



<au>Dana.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To divide into classes, as students; to form

into, or place in, a class or classes.</def>



<hw>Class</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To grouped or

classed.</def>



<q>The genus or famiky under which it <qex>classes</qex>.</q>

<qau>Tatham.</qau>



<hw>Class"i*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of

being classed.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Clas"sic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Clas"sic*al</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>classicus</ets>

relating to the classes of the Roman people, and especially to

the frist class; hence, of the first rank, superior, from

<ets>classis</ets> class: cf. F. <ets>classique</ets>. See

<er>Class</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or

relating to the first class or rank, especially in literature or

art.</def>



<q>Give, as thy last memorial to the age,

One <qex>classic</qex> drama, and reform the stage.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<q>Mr. Greaves may justly be reckoned a <qex>classical</qex>

author on this subject [Roman weights and coins].</q>

<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the ancient Greeks and

Romans, esp. to Greek or Roman authors of the highest rank, or of

the period when their best literature was produced; of or

pertaining to places inhabited by the ancient Greeks and Romans,

or rendered famous by their deeds.</def>



<q>Though throned midst Latium's <qex>classic</qex> plains.</q>

<qau>Mrs. Hemans.</qau>



<q>The epithet <qex>classical</qex>, as applied to ancient

authors, is determined less by the purity of their style than by

the period at which they wrote.</q>

<qau>Brande & C.</qau>



<q>He [Atterbury] directed the <qex>classical</qex> studies of

the undergraduates of his college.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Conforming to the best authority in literature

and art; chaste; pure; refined; <as>as, a <ex>classical</ex>

style</as>.</def>



<q><qex>Classical</qex>, provincial, and national synods.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<cs><col>Classicals orders</col>. <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <cd>See

under <er>Order</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Clas"sic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A work of

acknowledged excellence and authrity, or its author; --

originally used of Greek and Latin works or authors, but now

applied to authors and works of a like character in any

language.</def>



<q>In is once raised him to the rank of a legitimate English

<qex>classic</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One learned in the literature of Greece and

Rome, or a student of classical literature.</def>



<hw>Clas"sic*al*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A classical idiom, style, or expression; a classicism.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Adherence to what are supposed or assumed to be

the classical canons of art.</def>



<hw>Clas"sic*al*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who adheres to

what he thinks the classical canons of art.</def>



<au>Ruskin.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Clas`si*cal"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Clas"sic*al*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<def>The quality of being classical.</def>



<hw>Clas"sic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In a

classical manner; according to the manner of classical

authors.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In the manner of classes; according to a regular

order of classes or sets.</def>



<hw>Clas"si*cism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A classic

idiom or expression; a classicalism.</def>



<au>C. Kingsley.</au>



<hw>Clas"si*cist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

learned in the classics; an advocate for the classics.</def>



<hw>Clas"si*fi`a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Capable of being classified.</def>



<hw>Clas*sif"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Characterizing a class or classes; relating to

classification.</def>



<hw>Clas`si*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>classification</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of forming into

a class or classes; a distibution into groups, as classes,

orders, families, etc., according to some common relations or

affinities.</def>



<cs><col>Artificial classification</col>. <fld>(Science)</fld>

<cd>See under <er>Artifitial</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Clas"si*fi*ca`to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to classification; admitting of

classification.</def> \'bdA <xex>classificatory</xex> system.\'b8



<au>Earle.</au>



<hw>Clas"si*fi`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

classifies.</def>



<hw>Clas"si*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & pp.</pos> <er>Classified</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Classifying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>classis</ets>

class + <?/]</ety> <def>To distribute into classes; to arrange

according to a system; to arrnge in sets according to some method

founded on common properties or characters.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- To arrange; distibute; rank.</syn>



<hw>\'d8Clas"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Classes</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L. See

<er>Class</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A class or

order; sort; kind.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>His opinion of that <qex>classis</qex> of men.</q>

<qau>Clarendon.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>An ecclesiastical body or

judicat<?/ry in certain churches, as the Reformed Dutch. It is

intermediate between the consistory and the synod, and

corresponds to the presbutery in the Presbuterian church.</def>



<hw>Class"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Classmen</plw><pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A member

of a class; a classmate.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A candidate for graduation in arts who is placed

in an honor class, as opposed to a passman, who is not

classified.</def> <mark>[Oxford, Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Class"mate`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who is

in the same class with another, as at school or college.</def>



<hw>Clas"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

br<?/, fr. <?/ to break.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Pertaining to

what may be taken apart; <as>as, <ex>clastic</ex> anatomy (of

models)</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Fragmental; made up of brok<?/

fragments; <as>as, sandstone is a <ex>clastic</ex>

rock</as>.</def>



<hw>Clath"rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>clathri</ets> latti<?/e, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Shaped like a lattice; cancellate.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the surface marked

with raised lines resembling a lattice, as many shells.</def>



<hw>Clat"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Clattered</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Clattering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>cla<?/rung</ets>

a rattle, akin to D. <ets>klateren</ets> to rattle. Cf.

<er>Clack</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make a rattling sound

by striking hard bodies together; to make a succession of abrupt,

rattling sounds.</def>



<q><qex>Clattering</qex> loud with clamk.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To talk fast and noisily; to rattle with the

tongue.</def>



<q>I see thou dost but <qex>clatter</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Clat"ter</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make a rattling noise

with.</def>



<q>You <qex>clatter</qex> still your brazen kettle.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<hw>Clat"ter</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A rattling

noise, esp. that made by the collision of hard bodies; also, any

loud, abrupt sound; a repetition of abrupt sounds.</def>



<q>The goose let fall a golden egg

With cackle and with <qex>clatter</qex>.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Commotion; disturbance. \'bdThose mighty feats

which made such a <xex>clatter</xex> in story.\'b8<-- sic. =

history?--></def>



<au>Barrow.</au>



<-- p. 263 -->



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Rapid, noisy talk; babble; chatter.</def>

\'bdHold still thy <xex>clatter</xex>.\'b8



<au>Towneley Myst. (15 th Cent. ).</au>



<q>Throw by your <qex>clatter</qex>

And handle the matter.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson</qau>



<hw>Clat"ter*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

clatters.</def>



<hw>Clat"ter*ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With

clattering.</def>



<hw>Claude" Lor*raine" glass`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[Its name

is supposed to be derived from the similarity of the effects it

gives to those of a picture by <ets>Claude Lorrain</ets> (often

written <ets>Lorraine</ets>).]</ety> <def>A slightly convex

mirror, commonly of black glass, used as a toy for viewing the

reflected landscape.</def>



<hw>Clau"dent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>claudens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>claudere</ets> to

shut.]</ety> <def>Shutting; confining; drawing together; <as>as,

a <ex>claudent</ex> muscle</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Jonson</au>



<hw>Clau"di*cant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>claudicans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>claudicare</ets> to limp,

fr. <ets>claudus</ets> lame.]</ety> <def>Limping.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Clau`di*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>claudicatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A halting or limping.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Tatler.</au>



<hw>Clause</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>clause</ets>, LL. <ets>clausa</ets>, equiv. to L.

<ets>clausula</ets> clause, prop., close of <?/ rhetorical

period, close, fr. <ets>claudere</ets> to shut, to end. See

<er>Close</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A separate portion of a

written paper, paragraph, or sentence; an article, stipulation,

or proviso, in a legal document.</def>



<q>The usual attestation <qex>clause</qex> to a will.</q>

<qau>Bouvier.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A subordinate portion or a

subdivision of a sentence containing a subject and its

predicate.</def>



<hw>Clause</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See

<cref>Letters clause <or/ close</cref>, under

<er>Letter</er>.</def>



<hw>Claus"tral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. LL.

<ets>claustralis</ets>, fr. L. <ets>claustrum</ets>. See

<er>Cloister</er>.]</ety> <def>Cloistral.</def>



<au>Ayliffe</au>



<hw>\'d8Claus"trum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Claustra</plw>.</plu> <ety>[L., a bolt or bar.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A thin lamina of gray matter in each

cerebral hemiphere of the brain of man.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Claus"tral</wf>, <pos>a.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Clau"su*lar</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

L. <ets>clausula</ets>. See <er>Clause</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<def>Consisting of, or having, clauses.</def>



<au>Smart.</au>



<hw>Clau"sure</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>clausura</ets>. See <er>Closure</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of

shutting up or confining; confinement.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Geddes.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cla"vate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Cla"va*ted</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>clava</ets>

club.]</ety> <fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Club-shaped;

having the form of a club; growing gradually thicker toward the

top. <note>[See <xex>Illust</xex>. of

<er>Antennae</er>.]</note></def>



<hw>Clave</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp.</pos> of

<er>Cleave</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Clav"e*cin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<def>The harpsichord.</def>



<hw>Cla"vel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Clevis</er>.</def>



<hw>Clav"el*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See

<er>Clavate</er>.</def>



<hw>Clav"el*la`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. LL.

cineres <ets>clavelatti</ets> ashes of burnt lees or dregs of

wine, F. <ets>clavel</ets> an inferior sort of soda, E.

<ets>clavate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <def>Said of

potash, probably in reference to its having been obtained from

billets of wood by burning.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Clav"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<def>See <er>Clover</er>.</def> <au>Holland</au>.



<hw>Clav"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Frivolous or nonsensical

talk; prattle; chattering.</def> <mark>[Scot. & North of

Eng.]</mark>



<q>Emmy found herself entirely at a loss in the midst of their

<qex>clavers</qex>.</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



<hw>Clav"i*chord</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>clavicorde</ets>, fr. L. <ets>clavis</ets> key +

<ets>chorda</ets> string.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A keyed

stringed instrument, now superseded by the pianoforte. See

<er>Clarichord</er>.</def>



<hw>Clav"i*cle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>clavicule</ets>, fr. L. <ets>clavicula</ets> a little key,

tendril, dim. of <ets>clavis</ets> key, akin to

<ets>claudere</ets> to shut. See <er>Close</er>, and cf.

<er>Clef</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The collar bone,

which is joined at one end to the scapula, or shoulder blade, and

at the other to the sternum, or breastbone. In man each clavicle

is shaped like the letter <?/, and is situated just above the

first rib on either side of the neck. In birds the two clavicles

are united ventrally, forming the merrythought, or

wishbone.</def>



<hw>Clav"i*corn</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>clavicorne</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having

club-shaped antenn\'91. See <er>Antenn\'91</er></def> --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>One of the Clavicornes.</def></def2>



<hw>\'d8Clav`i*cor"nes</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL.; Fr. L. <ets>clava</ets> club + <ets>cornu</ets>

horn.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of beetles having

club-shaped antenn\'91.</def>



<hw>Cla*vic"u*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>claviculaire</ets>. See <er>Clavicle</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the clavicle.</def>



<hw>Cla"vi*er</hw> <pr>(? F. ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.

L. <ets>clavis</ets> key.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The

keyboard of an organ, pianoforte, or harmonium.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Clavier</xex> (<?/) is the German name for a

pianoforte.</note>



<hw>Clav"i*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>clava</ets> club + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Club-shaped; clavate.</def>



<au>Craig.</au>



<hw>\'d8Clav"i*ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.

<ets>clavis</ets> key + <ets>gerere</ets> to carry.]</ety>

<def>One who carries the keys of any place.</def>



<hw>\'d8Clav"i*ger</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.

<ets>clava</ets> club + <ets>gerere</ets> to carry.]</ety>

<def>One who carries a club; a club bearer.</def>



<hw>Cla*vig"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Bearing

a club or a key.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cla"vis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. L.

<plw>Claves</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, E. <plw>Clavises</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A key; a glossary.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cla"vus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a

nail.]</ety> <def>A callous growth, esp. one the foot; a

corn.</def>



<hw>Cla"vy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Clavies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>claveau</ets> centerpiece of an arch.]</ety>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A mantelpiece.</def>



<hw>Claw</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>clawu</ets>, <ets>cl\'be</ets>, <ets>cle\'a2</ets>; akin to

D. <ets>klaauw</ets>, G. Klaue, Icel. <ets>kl\'d3</ets>, SW. &

Dan. <ets>klo</ets>, and perh. to E. <ets>clew</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A sharp, hooked nail, as of a beast or

bird.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The whole foot of an animal armed with hooked

nails; the pinchers of a lobster, crab, etc.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Anything resembling the claw of an animal, as

the curved and forked end of a hammer for drawing nails.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A slender appendage or

process, formed like a claw, as the base of petals of the

pink.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<cs><col>Claw hammer</col>, <cd>a hammer with one end of the

metallic head cleft for use in extracting nails, etc.</cd> --

<col>Claw hammer coat</col>, <cd>a dress coat of the swallowtail

pattern.</cd> <mark>[Slang]</mark> -- <col>Claw sickness</col>,

<cd>foot rot, a disease affecting sheep.</cd></cs>



<hw>Claw</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Clawed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Clawing</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[AS. <ets>clawan</ets>. See <er>Claw</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To pull, tear, or scratch

with, or as with, claws or nails.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To relieve from some uneasy sensation, as by

scratching; to tickle; hence, to flatter; to court.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Rich men they <qex>claw</qex>, soothe up, and flatter; the

poor they contemn and despise.</q>

<qau>Holland.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To rail at; to scold.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>In the aforesaid preamble, the king fairly claweth the great

monasteries, wherein, saith he, religion, thanks be to God, is

right well kept and observed; though he <qex>claweth</qex> them

soon after in another acceptation.</q>

<qau>T. Fuller</qau>



<cs><mcol><col>Claw me</col>, <col>claw thee</col></mcol>,

<cd>stand by me and I will stand by you; -- an old proverb.</cd>



<au>Tyndale.</au>



<col>To claw away</col>, <cd>to scold or revile.</cd> \'bdThe

jade Fortune is to be <xex>clawed away</xex> for it, if you

should lose it.\'b8



<au>L'Estrange.</au>



<col>To claw (one) on the back</col>, <cd>to tickle; to express

approbation.</cd> <mark>(Obs.)</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



-- <col>To claw (one) on the gall</col>, <cd>to find falt with;

to vex.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au></cs>



<hw>Claw</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To scrape, scratch, or dig

with a claw, or with the hand as a claw.</def>

\'bd<xex>Clawing</xex> [in ash barrels] for bits of coal.\'b8



<au>W. D. Howells.</au>



<cs><col>To claw off</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to turn to

windward and beat, to prevent falling on a lee shore.</cd></cs>



<hw>Claw"back`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A flatterer

or sycophant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdTake heed of these

<xex>clawbacks</xex>.\'b8



<au>Latimer.</au>



<hw>Claw"back`</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Flattering;

sycophantic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Like a <qex>clawback</qex> parasite.</q>

<qau>Bp. Hall.</qau>



<hw>Claw"back`</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To flatter.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Warner.</au>



<hw>Clawed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Furnished with

claws.</def>



<au>N. Grew.</au>



<hw>Claw"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of claws.</def>



<hw>Clay</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>cl\'d6g</ets>; akin to LG. <ets>klei</ets>, D.

<ets>klei</ets>, and perh. to AS. <ets>cl\'bem</ets> clay, L.

<ets>glus</ets>, <ets>gluten</ets> glue, Gr. <?/ glutinous

substance, E. <ets>glue</ets>. Cf. <er>Clog</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A soft earth, which is plastuc, or may be molded

with the hands, consisting of hydrous silicate of alumunium. It

is the result of the wearing down and decomposition, in part, of

rocks containing aluminous minerals, as granite. Lime, magnesia,

oxide of iron, and other ingredients, are often present as

impurities.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Poetry & Script.)</fld> <def>Earth in general,

as representing the elementary particles of the human body;

hence, the human body as formed from such particles.</def>



<q>I also am formed out of the <qex>clay</qex>.</q>

<qau>Job xxxiii. 6.</qau>



<q>The earth is covered thick with other <qex>clay</qex>,

Which her own <qex>clay</qex> shall cover.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<cs><col>Bowlder clay</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bowlder</er>.</cd>

-- <col>Brick clay</col>, <cd>the common clay, containing some

iron, and therefore turning red when burned.</cd> -- <col>Clay

cold</col>, <cd>cold as clay or earth; lifeless; inanimate.</cd>

-- <col>Clay ironstone</col>, <cd>an ore of iron consisting of

the oxide or carbonate of iron mixed with clay or sand.</cd> --

<col>Clay marl</col>, <cd>a whitish, smooth, chalky clay.</cd> --

<col>Clay mill</col>, <cd>a mill for mixing and tempering clay; a

pug mill.</cd> -- <col>Clay pit</col>, <cd>a pit where clay is

dug.</cd> -- <col>Clay slate</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>,

<cd>argillaceous schist; argillite.</cd> -- <col>Fatty

clays</col>, <cd>clays having a greasy feel; they are chemical

compounds of water, silica, and aluminia, as

<xex>halloysite<xex>, <xex>bole<xex>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Fire

clay</col> , <cd>a variety of clay, entirely free from lime,

iron, or an alkali, and therefore infusible, and used for fire

brick.</cd> -- <col>Porcelain clay</col>, <cd>a very pure

variety, formed directly from the decomposition of feldspar, and

often called <xex>kaolin<xex>.</cd> -- <col>Potter's clay</col>,

<cd>a tolerably pure kind, free from iron.</cd></cs>



<hw>Clay</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Clayed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Claying</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cover or

manure with clay.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To clarify by filtering through clay, as

sugar.</def>



<hw>Clay"-brained`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Stupid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Clayes</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>claie</ets> hurdle.]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>Wattles,

or hurdles, made with stakes interwoven with osiers, to cover

lodgments.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Clay"ey</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Consisting of

clay; abounding with clay; partaking of clay; like clay.</def>



<hw>Clay"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Partaking of the nature of

clay, or containing particles of it.</def>



<hw>Clay"more`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gael.

<ets>claidheamhmor</ets> a broadsword; Gael.

<ets>claidheamh</ets> sword + <ets>mor</ets> great, large. Cf.

<er>Claymore</er>.]</ety> <def>A large two-handed sword used

formerly by the Scottish Highlanders.</def>



<hw>\'d8Clay*to"ni*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Named

after Dr.John <ets>Clayton</ets>, an American botanist.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An American genus of perennial herbs with

delicate blossoms; -- sometimes called <xex>spring

beauty</xex>.</def>



<hw>Clead"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Scot.,

clothing. See <er>Cloth</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A jacket or outer covering of wood, etc., to

prevent radiation of heat, as from the boiler, cylinder. etc., of

a steam engine.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The planking or boarding of a shaft, cofferdam,

etc.</def>



<hw>Clean</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <wordforms>[Compar.

<er>Cleaner</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>superl</pos>.

<er>Cleanest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>clene</ets>, AS.

<ets>cl<?/ne</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>chleini</ets> pure, neat,

graceful, small, G. <ets>klein</ets> small, and perh. to W.

<ets>glan</ets> clean, pure, bright; all perh. from a primitive,

meaning <ets>bright</ets>, <ets>shining</ets>. Cf.

<er>Glair</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Free from dirt or filth;

<as>as, <ex>clean</ex> clothes</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Free from that which is useless or injurious;

without defects; <as>as, <ex>clean</ex> land; <ex>clean</ex>

timber.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Free from awkwardness; not bungling; adroit;

dexterous; <as>as, a<ex>clean</ex> trick; a <ex>clean</ex> leap

over a fence.</as></def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Free from errors and vulgarisms; <as>as, a

<ex>clean</ex> style</as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Free from restraint or neglect; complete;

entire.</def>



<q>When ye reap the harvest of your land, thou shalt not make

<qex>clean</qex> riddance of corners of thy field.</q>

<qau>Le<?/.xxiii. 22</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Free from moral defilement; sinless; pure.</def>



<q>Create in me a <qex>clean</qex> heart, O God.</q>

<qau>Ps. li. 10</qau>



<q>That I am whole, and <qex>clean</qex>, and meet for Heaven</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Script.)</fld> <def>Free from ceremonial

defilement.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>Free from that which is corrupting to the

morals; pure in tone; healthy.</def> \'bdLothair is

<xex>clean</xex>.\'b8



<au>F. Harrison.</au>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>Well-proportioned; shapely; <as>as, <ex>clean

limbs</ex></as>.</def>



<cs><col>A clean bill of health</col>, <cd>a certificate from the

proper authrity that a ship is free from infection.</cd> --

<col>Clean breach</col>. <cd>See under <er>Breach</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, 4.</cd> -- <col>To make a clean breast</col>.

<cd>See under <er>Breast</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Clean</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Without

limitation or remainder; quite; perfectly; wholly;

entirely.</def> \'bdDomestic broils <xex>clean</xex>

overblown.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



\'bd<xex>Clean</xex> contrary.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<q>All the people were passed <qex>clean</qex> over Jordan.</q>

<qau>Josh. iii. 17.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Without miscarriage; not bunglingly;

dexterously.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdPope came off

<xex>clean</xex> with Homer.\'b8



<au>Henley.</au>



<hw>Clean</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Cleaned</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Cleaning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Clean</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>, and cf. <er>Cleanse</er>.]</ety> <def>To render

clean; to free from whatever is foul, offensive, or extraneous;

to purify; to cleanse.</def>



<cs><col>To clean out</col>, <cd>to exhaust; to empty; to get

away from (one) all his money. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>



<au>De Quincey.</au>



<hw>Clean"-cut`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See

<er>Clear-cut</er>.</def>



<hw>Clean"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, cleans.</def>



<hw>Clean"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

making clean.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The afterbirth of cows, ewes, etc.</def>



<au>Gardner.</au>



<hw>Clean"li*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

cleanly manner.</def>



<hw>Clean"-limbed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>With

well-proportioned, unblemished limbs; <as>as, a

<ex>clean-limbed</ex> young fellow</as>.</def>



<au>Dickens.</au>



<hw>Clean"li*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Cleanly</er>.]</ety> <def>State of being cleanly; neatness of

person or dress.</def>



<q><qex>Cleanliness</qex> from head to heel.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<hw>Clean"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Cleanlier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Cleanliest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From

<er>Clean</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Habitually clean; pure;

innocent.</def> \'bd<xex>Cleanly</xex> joys.\'b8



<au>Glanvill.</au>



<q>Some plain but <qex>cleanly</qex> country maid.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>Displays her <qex>cleanly</qex> platter on the board.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Cleansing; fitted to remove moisture; dirt,

etc.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdWith <xex>cleanly</xex> powder

dry their hair.\'b8



<au>Prior.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Adroit; skillful; dexterous; artful.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Through his fine handling and his <qex>cleanly</qex> play.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Clean"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>In a clean manner; neatly.</def>



<q>He was very <qex>cleanly</qex> dressed.</q>

<qau>Dickens.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Innocently; without stain.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Adroitly; dexterously.</def>



<au>Middleton.</au>



<hw>Clean"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>cl<?/nnes</ets>. See <er>Clean</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The state or quality of being clean.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Purity of life or language; freedom from

licentious courses.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Cleans"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of

being cleansed.</def>



<au>Sherwood.</au>



<hw>Cleanse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Cleansed</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Cleansing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS.

<ets>cl\'d6nsian</ets>, fr. <ets>cl\'d6ne</ets> clean. See

<er>Clean</er>.]</ety> <def>To render clean; to free from fith,

pollution, infection, guilt, etc.; to clean.</def>



<q>If we walk in the light . . . the blood of Jesus Christ his

son <qex>cleanseth</qex> us from all sin.</q>

<qau>1 John i. 7.</qau>



<q>Can'st thou not minister to a mind diseased,

And with some sweet oblivious antidote

<qex>Cleanse</qex> the suffed bosom of that perilous stuff

Which weighs upon the heart?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Cleans"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>cl<?/nsere</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which,

cleanses; a detergent.</def>



<au>Arbuthnot.</au>



<hw>Clean"-tim`bered</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Well-propotioned; symmetrical.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Clear</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Clearer</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Clearest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>cler</ets>, <ets>cleer</ets>, OF. <ets>cler</ets>, F.

<ets>clair</ets>, fr.L. <ets>clarus</ets>, clear, broght, loud,

distinct, renownwd; perh. akin to L. <ets>clamare</ets> to call,

E. <ets>claim</ets>. Cf. <er>Chanticleer</er>,

<er>Clairvoyant</er>, <er>Claret</er>, <er>Clarufy</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Free from opaqueness; transparent; bright;

light; luminous; unclouded.</def>



<q>The stream is so transparent, pure, and <qex>clear</qex>.</q>

<qau>Denham.</qau>



<q>Fair as the moon, <qex>clear</qex> as the sun.</q>

<qau>Canticles vi. 10.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Free from ambiquity or indistinctness; lucid;

perspicuous; plain; evident; manifest; indubitable.</def>



<q>One truth is <qex>clear</qex>; whatever is, is right.</q>

<qau>Pop<?/.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Able to perceive clearly; keen; acute;

penetrating; discriminating; <as>as, a <ex>clear</ex> intellect;

a <ex>clear</ex> head.</as></def>



<q>Mother of science! now I feel thy power

Within me <qex>clear</qex>, not only to discern

Things in their causes, but to trace the ways

Of highest agents.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Not clouded with passion; serene;

cheerful.</def>



<q>With a countenance as <qex>clear</qex>

As friendship wears at feasts.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Easily or distinctly heard; audible;

canorous.</def>



<q>Hark! the numbers soft and <qex>clear</qex>

Gently steal upon the ear.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Without mixture; entirely pure; <as>as,

<ex>clear</ex> sand</as>.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Without defect or blemish, such as freckles or

knots; <as>as, a <ex>clear</ex> complexion; <ex>clear</ex>

lumber.</as></def>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>Free from guilt or stain; unblemished.</def>



<q>Statesman, yet friend to truth! in soul sincere,

In action faithful, and in honor <qex>clear</qex>.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>Without diminution; in full; net; <as>as,

<ex>clear</ex> profit</as>.</def>



<q>I often wished that I had <qex>clear</qex>,

For life, six hundred pounds a-year.</q>

<qau>Swift</qau>.



<sn>10.</sn> <def>Free from impediment or obstruction;

unobstructed; <as>as, a <ex>clear</ex> view; to keep

<ex>clear</ex> of debt.</as></def>



<q>My companion . . . left the way <qex>clear</qex> for him.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>11.</sn> <def>Free from embarrassment; detention, etc.</def>



<q>The cruel corporal whispered in my ear,

Five pounds, if rightly tipped, would set me

<qex>clear</qex>.</q>

<qau>Gay.</qau>



<cs><col>Clear breach</col>. <cd>See under <er>Breach</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, 4.</cd> -- <col>Clear days</col>

<fld>(Law.)</fld>, <cd>days reckoned from one day to another,

excluding both the first and last day; <as>as, from Sunday to

Sunday there are six <ex>clear days<ex></as>.</cd> -- <col>Clear

stuff</col>, <cd>boards, planks, etc., free from knots.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Manifest; pure; unmixed; pellucid; transparent;

luminous; obvious; visible; plain; evident; apparent; distinct;

perspicuous. See <er>Manifest</er>.</syn>



<hw>Clear</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Carp.)</fld>

<def>Full extent; distance between extreme limits; especially;

the distance between the nearest surfaces of two bodies, or the

space between walls; <as>as, a room ten feet square in the

<ex>clear</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Clear</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In a clear

manner; plainly.</def>



<q>Now <qex>clear</qex> I understand

What oft . . . thoughts have searched in vain.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Without limitation; wholly; quite; entirely;

<as>as, to cut a piece <ex>clear</ex> off</as>.</def>



<hw>Clear</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Cleared</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Clearing</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

render bright, transparent, or undimmed; to free from

clouds.</def>



<q>He sweeps the skies and <qex>clears</qex> the cloudy

north.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To free from impurities; to clarify; to

cleanse.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To free from obscurity or ambiguity; to relive

of perplexity; to make perspicuous.</def>



<q>Many knotty points there are

Which all discuss, but few can <qex>clear</qex>.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To render more quick or acute, as the

understanding; to make perspicacious.</def>



<q>Our common prints would <qex>clear</qex> up their

understandings.</q>

<qau>Addison</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To free from impediment or incumbrance, from

defilement, or from anything injurious, useless, or offensive;

<as>as, to <ex>clear</ex> land of trees or brushwood, or from

stones; to <ex>clear</ex> the sight or the voice; to

<ex>clear</ex> one's self from debt</as>; -- often used with

<xex>of</xex>, <xex>off</xex>, <xex>away</xex>, or

<xex>out</xex>.</def>



<q><qex>Clear</qex> your mind of cant.</q>

<qau>Dr. Johnson.</qau>



<q>A statue lies hid in a block of marble; and the art of the

statuary only <qex>clears</qex> away the superfluous matter.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To free from the imputation of guilt; to

justify, vindicate, or acquit; -- often used with <xex>from</xex>

before the thing imputed.</def>



<q>I . . . am sure he will <qex>clear</qex> me from

partiality.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>How! wouldst thou <qex>clear</qex> rebellion?</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>To leap or pass by, or over, without touching or

fallure; <as>as, to <ex>clear</ex> a hedge; to <ex>clear</ex> a

reef.</as></def>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>To gain without deduction; to net.</def>



<q>The profit which she <qex>cleared</qex> on the cargo.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<cs><col>To clear a ship at the customhouse</col>, <cd>to exhibit

the documents required by law, give bonds, or perform other acts

requisite, and procure a permission to sail, and such papers as

the law requires.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To clear a ship for

action</col>, <it>or</it> <col>To clear for action</col></mcol>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to remove incumbrances from the decks,

and prepare for an engagement.</cd> -- <col>To clear the

land</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to gain such a distance from

shore as to have sea room, and be out of danger from the

land.</cd> -- <col>To clear hawse</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>,

<cd>to disentangle the cables when twisted.</cd> -- <col>To clear

up</col>, <cd>to explain; to dispel, as doubts, cares or

fears.</cd></cs>



<hw>Clear</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

become free from clouds or fog; to become fair; -- often fallowed

by <xex>up</xex>, <xex>off</xex>, or <xex>away</xex>.</def>



<q>So foul a sky <qex>clears</qex> without a strom.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Advise him to stay till the weather <qex>clears</qex> up.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To disengage one's self frpm incumbrances,

distress, or entanglements; to become free.</def>

<mark><mark>[rk>



He that <qex>clears</qex> at once will relapse; for finding

himself out of straits, he will revert to the customs; but he

that <qex>cleareth</qex> by degrees induceth a habit of

frugality.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Banking)</fld> <def>To make exchanges of checks

and bills, and settle balances, as is done in a clearing

house.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To obtain a clearance; <as>as, the steamer

<ex>cleared</ex> for Liverpool to-day</as>.</def>



<q>To clear out, to go or run away; to depart.

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark></mark></q>



<hw>Clear"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of

reforming anything; clearance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Clear"ance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of clearing; <as>as, to make a through

<ex>clearance</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A certificate that a ship or vessel has been

cleared at the customhouse; permission to sail.</def>



<q>Every ship was subject to seizure for want of stamped

<qex>clearances</qex>.</q>

<qau>Durke</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Clear or net profit.</def>



<au>Trollope.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>The distance by which one

object clears another, as the distance between the piston and

cylinder head at the end of a stroke in a steam engine, or the

least distance between the point of a cogwell tooth and the

bottom of a space between teeth of a wheel with which it

engages.</def>



<cs><col>Clearance space</col> <fld>(Steam engine)</fld>, <cd>the

space inclosed in one end of the cylinder, between the valve or

valves and the piston, at the beginning of a stroke; waste room.

It includes the space caused by the piston's clearance and the

space in ports, passageways, etc. Its volume is often expressed

as a certain proportion of the volume swept by the piston in a

single stroke.</cd></cs>



<hw>Clear"-cut`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Having a sharp, distinct outline, like that of a

cameo.</def>



<q>She has . . . a cold and <qex>clear-cut</qex> face.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Concisely and distinctly expressed.</def>



<hw>Clear"ed*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality of being cleared.</def>



<q>Imputed by his friends to the <qex>clearedness</qex>, by his

foes to the searedness, of his conscience.</q>

<qau>T. Fuller.</qau>



<hw>Clear"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who, or that which, clears.</def>



<q>Gold is a wonderful <qex>clearer</qex> of the

understanding.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A tool of which the hemp for

lines and twines, used by sailmakers, is finished.</def>



<hw>Clear"-head`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a

clear understanding; quick of perception; intelligent.</def>

\'bdHe was laborious and <xex>clear-headed</xex>.\'b8



<au>Macaulay</au>.



-- <wordforms><wf>Clear"-head`ed*ness</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Clear"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or

process of making clear.</def>



<q>The better <qex>clearing</qex> of this point.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A tract of land cleared of wood for

cultivation.</def>



<q>A lonely <qex>clearing</qex> on the shores of Moxie Lake.</q>

<qau>J. Burroughs.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A method adopted by banks and bankers for making

an exchange of checks held by each against the others, and

settling differences of accounts.</def>



<note><hand/ In England, a similar method has been adopted by

railroads for adjusting their accounts with each other.</note>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The gross amount of the balances adjusted in the

clearing house.</def>



<cs><col>Clearing house</col>, <cd>the establishment where the

business of clearing is carried on. See <er>above</er>,

<er>3</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Clear"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a clear manner.</def>



<hw>Clear"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of

being clear.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Clearness</er>, <er>Perspicuity</er>.</syn>

<usage> <xex>Clearness</xex> has reference to our ideas, and

springs from a distinct conception of the subject under

consideration. <xex>Perspicuity</xex> has reference to the mode

of expressing our ideas and belongs essentially to style. Hence

we speak of a writer as having <xex>clear</xex> ideas, a

<xex>clear</xex> arrangement, and <xex>perspicuous</xex>

phraseology. We do at times speak of a person's having great

<xex>clearness</xex> of style; but in such cases we are usually

thinking of the clearness of his ideas as manifested in language.

\'bdWhenever men think <xex>clearly</xex>, and are thoroughly

interested, they express themselves with <xex>perspicuity</xex>

and force.\'b8</usage>



<au>Robertson.</au>



<hw>Clear"-see`ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a

clear physical or mental vision; having a clear

understanding.</def>



<hw>Clear"-shin`ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Shining

brightly.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Clear"-sight`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Seeing

with clearness; discerning; as, <xex>clear-sighted</xex>

reason</def>



<hw>Clear"-sight`ed*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Acute

discernment.</def>



<hw>Clear"starch`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Clearstarched</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Clearstraching</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To stiffen with

starch, and then make clear by clapping with the hands; <as>as,

to <ex>clearstarch</ex> muslin</as>.</def>



<hw>Clear"starch`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

clearstarches.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Clear"sto`ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Clere"sto`ry</hw>,

}</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The upper story of

the nave of a church, containing windows, and rising above the

aisle roofs.</def>



<hw>Clear"wing`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A lepidop terous insect with partially

transparent wings, of the family \'92geriad\'91, of which the

currant and peach-tree borers are examples.</def>



<hw>Cleat</hw> <pr>(kl\'c7t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>clete</ets> wedge; cf.D. <ets>kloot</ets> ball, Ger.

<ets>kloss</ets>, <ets>klotz</ets>, lump. clod, MHG.

<ets>kl\'d3z</ets> lump, ball, wedge, OHG. <ets>chl\'d3z</ets>

ball, round mass.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>A strip of wood or iron

fastened on transversely to something in order to give strength,

prevent warping, hold position, etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A device made of wood or

metal, having two arms, around which turns may be taken with a

line or rope so as to hold securely and yet be readily released.

It is bolted by the middle to a deck or mast, etc., or it may be

lashed to a rope.</def>



<hw>Cleat</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To strengthen with a

cleat.</def>



<hw>Cleav"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of

cleaving or being divided.</def>



<hw>Cleav"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of cleaving or splitting.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>The quality possessed

by many crystallized substances of splitting readily in one or

more definite directions, in which the cohesive attraction is a

minimum, affording more or less smooth surfaces; the direction of

the dividing plane; a fragment obtained by cleaving, as of a

diamond. See <er>Parting</er>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Division into lamin\'91, like

slate, with the lamination not necessarily parallel to the plane

of deposition; -- usually produced by pressure.</def>



<cs><col>Basal cleavage</col>, <cd>cleavage parallel to the base

of a crystal, or to the plane of the lateral axes.</cd> --

<col>Cell cleavage</col> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>, <cd>multiplication

of cells by fission. See <er>Segmentation</er>.</cd> --

<col>Cubuc cleavage</col>, <cd>cleavage parallel to the faces of

a cube.</cd> -- <col>Diagonal cleavage</col>, <cd>cleavage

parallel to ta diagonal plane.</cd> -- <col>Egg clavage</col>.

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Segmentation</er>.</cd> --

<col>Lateral cleavage</col>, <cd>cleavage parallel to the lateral

planes.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Octahedral</col>,

<col>Dodecahedral</col>, <it>or</it> <col>Rhombohedral</col>,

<col>cleavage</col></mcol>, <cd>cleavage parallel to the faces of

an octahedron, dodecahedron, or rhombohedron.</cd> --

<col>Prismatic cleavage</col>, <cd>cleavage parallel to a

vertical prism.</cd></cs>



<hw><col>Cleave</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>v. i. </pos>

<wordforms><mark>[.. Cleaved</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <er>Clave</er>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>, <mark>(Obs.)</mark>; <pos>p. p.</pos>

<er>Cleaved</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Cleaving</er>.]</mark></mark> <ety>[OE. <ets>cleovien<ets>,

<ets>clivien<ets>, <ets>cliven<ets>, AS. <ets>cleofian<ets>,

<ets>clifian<ets>; akin to OS. <ets>klib\'d3n<ets>, G.

<ets>kleben<ets>, LG. <ets>kliven<ets>, D. <ets>kleven<ets>, Dan.

<ets>kl\'91be<ets>, Sw. <ets>klibba<ets>, and also to G.

<ets>kleiben<ets> to cleve, paste, Icel. <ets>kl\'c6fa<ets> to

climb. Cf. <er>Climb</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To adhere

closely; to stick; to hold fast; to cling.</cd></cs>



<q>My bones <qex>cleave</qex> to my skin.</q>

<qau>Ps. cii. 5.</qau>



<q>The diseases of Egypt . . . shall <qex>cleave</qex> unto

thee.</q>

<qau>Deut. xxviii. 60.</qau>



<q>Sophistry <qex>cleaves</qex> close to and protects

Sin's rotten trunk, concealing its defects.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To unite or be united closely in interest or

affection; to adhere with strong attachment.</def>



<q>Therefore shall a man leave his father and his mother, and

shall <qex>cleave</qex> unto his wife.</q>

<qau>Gen. ii. 24.</qau>



<q><qex>Cleave</qex> unto the Lord your God.</q>

<qau>Josh. xxiii. 8.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To fit; to be adapted; to assimilate.</def>

<mark>[Poetic.]</mark>



<q>New honors come upon him,

Like our strange garments, <qex>cleave</qex> not to their mold

But with the aid of use.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Cleave</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Cleft</er> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<er>Clave</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <er>Clove</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>,

<mark>(Obsolescent)</mark>; <pos>p. p.</pos> <er>Cleft</er>,

<er>Cleaved</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr> or <er>Cloven</er>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Cleaving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>cleoven</ets>,

<ets>cleven</ets>, AS. <ets>cle\'a2fan</ets>; akin to OS.

<ets>klioban</ets>, D. <ets>klooven</ets>, G. <ets>klieben</ets>,

Icel. <ets>klj\'d4fa</ets>, Sw. <ets>klyfva</ets>, Dan.

<ets>kl\'94ve</ets> and prob. to Gr. <?/ to carve, L.

<ets>glubere</ets> to peel. Cf. <er>Cleft</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To part or divide by force; to split or rive; to

cut.</def>



<q>O Hamlet, thou hast <qex>cleft</qex> my heart in twain.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To pert or open naturally; to divide.</def>



<q>Every beast that parteth the hoof, and <qex>cleaveth</qex> the

cleft into two claws.</q>

<qau>Deut. xiv. 6.</qau>



<hw>Cleave</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To part; to open; to

crack; to separate; as parts of bodies; <as>as, the ground

<ex>cleaves</ex> by frost</as>.</def>



<q>The Mount of Olives shall <qex>cleave</qex> in the midst.</q>

<qau>Zech. xiv. 4.</qau>



<hw>Cleave"land*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

Professor Parker <ets>Cleaveland</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld>

<def>A variety of albite, white and lamellar in structure.</def>



<hw>Cleav"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

cleaves, or that which cleaves; especially, a butcher's

instrument for cutting animal bodies into joints or pieces.</def>



<hw>Cleav"ers</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Cleave</er> to stick.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species

of <spn>Galium</spn> (<spn>G. Aparine</spn>), having a fruit set

with hooked bristles, which adhere to whatever they come in

contact with; -- called also, <altname>goose grass</altname>,

<altname>catchweed</altname>, etc.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cl\'82`ch\'82"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>cl\'82ch\'82</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Charged

with another bearing of the same figure, and of the color of the

field, so large that only a narrow border of the first bearing

remains visible; -- said of any heraldic bearing. Compare

<er>Voided</er>.</def>



<hw>Cle"chy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See

<er>Cl\'82ch\'82</er>.</def>



<hw>Cledge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Clay</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mining.)</fld> <def>The upper stratum

of fuller's earth.</def>



<hw>Cledg"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Stiff,

stubborn, clayey, or tenacious; <as>as, a <ex>cledgy</ex>

soil</as>.</def>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>Clee</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A claw.</def>

<mark><mark>[rk>



<au>Holland.</au>



<hw>Clee</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The

redshank.</def>



<hw>Clef</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>clef</ets> key, a key in music, fr. L. <ets>clavis</ets>

key. See <er>Clavicle</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A

character used in musical notation to determine the position and

pitch of the scale as represented on the staff.</def>



<note><hand/ The <xex>clefs</xex> are three in number, called the

C, F, and G <xex>clefs</xex>, and are probably corruptions or

modifications of these letters. They indicate that the letters of

absolute pitch belonging to the lines upon which they are placed,

are respectively C, F, and G. The F or <xex>bass clef</xex>, and

the G or <xex>treble clef</xex>, are fixed in their positions

upon the staff. The C <xex>clef</xex> may have three positions.

It may be placed upon the first or lower line of the staff, in

which case it is called <xex>soprano clef</xex>, upon the third

line, in which case it called <xex>alto clef</xex>, or upon the

fourth line, in which case <xex>tenor clef</xex>. It rarely or

never is placed upon the second line, except in ancient music.

See other forms of C <xex>clef</xex> under C, 2.</note>



<cs><mcol><col>Alto clef</col>, <col>Bass clef</col></mcol>.

<cd>See under <er>Alto</er>, <er>Bass</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cleft</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <def>from

<er>Cleave</er>.</def>



<hw>Cleft</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Divided; split;

partly divided or split.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Incised nearly to the midrob;

<as>as, a <ex>cleft</ex> leaf</as>.</def>



<hw>Cleft</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>clift</ets>; cf. Sw.

<ets>klyft</ets> cave, den, Icel. <ets>kluft</ets> cleft, Dan.

<ets>kl\'94ft</ets>, G. <ets>kluft</ets>. See <er>Cleave</er> to

split and cf. 2d <er>Clift</er>, 1st <er>Clough</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A space or opening made by splitting; a crack; a

crevice; <as>as, the <ex>cleft</ex> of a rock</as>.</def>



<au>Is. ii. 21.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A piece made by splitting; <as>as, a

<ex>cleft</ex> of wood</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A disease in horses; a crack

on the band of the pastern.</def>



<cs><col>Branchial clefts</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Branchial</er>.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Crack; crevice; fissure; chink; cranny.</syn>



<hw>Cleft"-foot`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a

cloven foot.</def>



<hw>Cleft"graft`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

ingraft by cleaving the stock and inserting a scion.</def>



<au>Mortimer.</au>



<hw>Cleg</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Northern Eng. &

Scot. <ets>gleg</ets>: cf. Gael. <ets>crethleag</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small breeze or horsefly.</def>

<mark>[North of Eng. & Scot.]</mark>



<au>Jamieson.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cleis`to*gam"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Cleis*tog"a*mous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ closed (fr. <?/ to shut) + <?/ marriage.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having, beside the usual flowers, other

minute, closed flowers, without petals or with minute petals; --

said of certain species of plants which possess flowers of two or

more kinds, the closed ones being so constituted as to insure

self-fertilization.</def>



<au>Darwin.</au>



<hw>Clem</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<ets>clam</ets> to clog, or G. <ets>klemmen</ets> to pinch, Icel.

<ets>kl<?/mbra</ets>, E. <ets>clamp</ets>.]</ety> <def>To starve;

to famish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Clem"a*tis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.

Gr. <?/ brushwood, also (from its long, lithe branches) clematis.

fr. <?/ twig, shoot, fr. <?/ to break off.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of flowering plants, of many

species, mostly climbers, having feathery styles, which greatly

enlarge in the fruit; -- called also <altname>virgin's

bower</altname>.</def>



<hw>Clem"ence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Clemency.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Clem"en*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Clemencies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L.

<ets>clementia</ets>, fr. <ets>clemens</ets> mild, calm.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Disposition to forgive and spare, as offenders;

mildness of temper; gentleness; tenderness; mercy.</def>



<q>Great <qex>clemency</qex> and tender zeal toward their

subjects.</q>

<qau>Stowe.</qau>



<q>They had applied for the royal <qex>clemency</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Mildness or softness of the elements; <as>as,

the <ex>clemency</ex> of the season</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Mildness; tenderness; indulgence; lenity; mercy;

gentleness; compassion; kindness.</syn>



<hw>Clem"ent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>clemens</ets>; <ets>-entis</ets>; cf. F.

<ets>cl<?/ment</ets>.]</ety> <def>Mild in temper and disposition;

merciful; compassionate.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



-- <wordforms><wf>Clem"ent*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Clem"ent*ine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Clement, esp. to St.Clement of Rome and the

spurious homilies attributed to him, or to Pope Clement V. and

his compilations of canon law.</def>



<hw>Clench</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & v. t.</pos> <def>See

<er>Clinch</er>.</def>



<hw>Clepe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Cleped</er> <pr>(?)</pr>

<or/ <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Cleping</er>.

Cf. <er>Ycleped</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>clepan</ets>,

<ets>cleopian</ets>, <ets>clipian</ets>, <ets>clypian</ets>, to

cry, call.]</ety> <def>To call, or name.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>That other son was <qex>cleped</qex> Cambalo.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>Clepe</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To make appeal; to cry

out.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Wandering in woe, and to the heavens on high

<qex>Cleping</qex> for vengeance of this treachery.</q>

<qau>Mir. for Mag.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Clep"si*ne</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of freshwater leeches,

furnished with a proboscis. They feed upon mollusks and

worms.</def>



<hw>Clep"sy*dra</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

from Gr. <?/; <?/ to steal, conceal + <?/ water.]</ety> <def>A

water clock; a contrivance for measuring time by the graduated

flow of a liquid, as of water, through a small aperture. See

<xex>Illust</xex>. in <er>Appendix</er>.</def>



<-- p. 265 -->



<hw>\'d8Clep`to*ma"ni*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>See <er>Kleptomania</er>.</def>



<hw>Clere"sto`ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Clearstory</er>.</def>



<hw>Cler"geon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., dim. of

<ets>clerc</ets>. See <er>Clerk</er>.]</ety> <def>A chorister

boy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Cler"gi*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Learned;

erudite; clercial.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Cler"gi*cal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to the clergy; clerical; clerkily; learned.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Cler"gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>clergie</ets>, <ets>clergi</ets>, <ets>clerge</ets>, OF.

<ets>clergie</ets>, F. <ets>clergie</ets> (fr. <ets>clerc</ets>

clerc, fr. L. <ets>clericus</ets> priest) confused with OF.

<ets>clergi\'82</ets>, F. <ets>clerg\'82</ets>, fr. LL.

<ets>clericatus</ets> office of priest, monastic life, fr. L.

<ets>clericus</ets> priest, LL. scholar, clerc. Both the Old

French words meant clergy, in sense 1, the former having also

sense 2. See <er>Clerk</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The body of men set apart, by due ordination, to

the service of God, in the Christian church, in distinction from

the laity; in England, usually restricted to the ministers of the

Established Church.</def>



<au>Hooker.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Learning; also, a learned profession.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Sophictry . . . rhetoric, and other <qex>cleargy</qex>.</q>

<qau>Guy of Warwick.</qau>



<q>Put their second sons to learn some <qex>clergy</qex>.</q>

<qau>State Papers (1515).</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The privilege or benefit of clergy.</def>



<q>If convicted of a clergyable felony, he is entitled equally to

his <qex>clergy</qex> after as before conviction.</q>

<qau>Blackstone.</qau>



<cs><col>Benefit of clergy</col> <fld>(Eng., Law)</fld>, <cd>the

exemption of the persons of clergymen from criminal process

before a secular judge -- a privilege which was extended to all

who could read, such persons being, in the eye of the law,

<xex>clerici<xex>, or clerks. This privilege was abridged and

modified by various statutes, and finally abolished in the reign

of George IV. (1827).</cd> -- <mcol><col>Regular clergy</col>,

<col>Secular clergy</col></mcol> <cd>See <er>Regular</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, and <er>Secular</er>, <pos>a.</pos></cd></cs>



<hw>Cler"gy*a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Entitled

to, or admitting, the benefit of clergy; <as>as, a

<ex>clergyable</ex> felony</as>.</def>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<hw>Cler"gy*man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Clergymen</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <def>An ordained

minister; a man regularly authorized to peach the gospel, and

administer its ordinances; in England usually restricted to a

minister of the Established Church.</def>



<hw>Cler"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS., fr. L.

<ets>clericus</ets>. See <er>Clerk</er>.]</ety> <def>A clerk, a

clergyman.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Horsley.</au>



<hw>Cler"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Clerical</er>.</def>



<hw>Cler"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>clericalis</ets>. <ets>See</ets> <er>Clerk</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the clergy; suitable for the

clergy.</def> \'bdA <xex>clerical</xex> education.\'b8



<au>Burke.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or relating to a clerk or copyist, or to

writing.</def> \'bd<xex>Clerical</xex> work.\'b8



<au>E. Everett.</au>



<cs><col>A clerical error</col>, <cd>an error made in copying or

writing.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cler"ic*al*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

excessive devotion to the interests of the sacerdotal order;

undue influence of the clergy; sacerdotalism.</def>



<hw>Cler*ic"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state

of being a clergyman.</def>



<hw>Cler"i*sy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>clericia</ets>. See <er>Clergy</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The literati, or well educated class.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The clergy, or their opinions, as opposed to the

laity.</def>



<hw>Clerk</hw> <pr>(?; in Eng. ?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Either OF. <ets>clerc</ets>, fr. L. <ets>clericus</ets> a

priest, or AS. <ets>clerc</ets>, <ets>cleric</ets>, clerk,

priest, fr. L. <ets>clericus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ belonging to the

clergy, fr. <?/ lot, allotment, clergy; cf. Deut. xviii. 2. Cf.

<er>Clergy</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A clergyman or

ecclesiastic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>All persons were styled <qex>clerks</qex> that served in the

church of Christ.</q>

<qau>Ayliffe.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A man who could read; a scholar; a learned

person; a man of letters.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdEvery one

that could read . . . being accounted a <xex>clerk</xex>.\'b8



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<q>He was no great <qex>clerk</qex>, but he was perfectly well

versed in the interests of Europe.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A parish officer, being a layman who leads in

reading the responses of the Episcopal church service, and

otherwise assists in it.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<au>Hook.</au>



<q>And like unlettered <qex>clerk</qex> still cry

\'bdAmen\'b8.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>One employed to keep records or accounts; a

scribe; an accountant; <as>as, the <ex>clerk</ex> of a court; a

town <ex>clerk</ex>.</as></def>



<q>The <qex>clerk</qex> of the crown . . . withdrew the bill.</q>

<qau>Strype.</qau>



<note><hand/ In some cases, <xex>clerk</xex> is synonymous with

<xex>secretary</xex>. A clerk is always an officer subordinate to

a higher officer, board, corporation, or person; whereas a

secretary may be either a subordinate or the head of an office or

department.</note>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>An assistant in a shop or store.</def> <mark>[U.

S.]</mark>



<hw>Clerk"-ale`</hw> <pr>(? in Eng. <?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>A feast for the benefit of the parish clerk.</def>

<mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<au>T. Warton.</au>



<hw>Clerk"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Unlearned.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>E. Waterhouse.</au>



<hw>Clerk"like`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Scholarlike.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Clerk"li*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Scholarship.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Clerk"ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a

clerk.</def>



<au>Cranmer.</au>



<hw>Clerk"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a scholarly

manner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Clerk"ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>State, quality, or

business of a clerk.</def>



<hw>Cler"o*man`cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

lot + <ets>-mancy</ets>; cf. F. <ets>cl\'82romancie</ets>.]</ety>

<def>A divination by throwing dice or casting lots.</def>



<hw>Cle*ron"o*my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

inheritance + <?/ to possess.]</ety> <def>Inheritance;

heritage.</def>



<hw>Cler"sto`ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Clearstory</er>.</def>



<hw>Clev"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Origin

uncertain. Cf. OE. <ets>cliver</ets> eager, AS. <ets>clyfer</ets>

(in comp.) cloven; or <ets>clifer</ets> a claw, perh. connected

with E. <ets>cleave</ets> to divide, split, the meaning of E.

<ets>clever</ets> perh. coming from the idea of grasping, seizing

(with the mind).]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Possessing quickness of

intellect, skill, dexterity, talent, or adroitness; expert.</def>



<q>Though there were many <qex>clever</qex> men in England during

the latter half of the seventeenth century, there were only two

great creative minds.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<q>Be good, sweet maid, and let who will be

<qex>clever</qex>.</q>

<qau>C. Kingsley.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Showing skill or adroitness in the doer or

former; <as>as, a <ex>clever</ex> speech; a <ex>clever</ex>

trick.</as></def>



<au>Byron.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Having fitness, propriety, or

suitableness.</def>



<q>\'bdT would sound more <qex>clever</qex>

To me and to my heirs forever.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Well-shaped; handsome.</def> \'bdThe girl was a

tight, <xex>clever</xex> wench as any was.\'b8



<au>Arbuthnot.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Good-natured; obliging.</def> <mark>[U.

S.]</mark>



<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Smart</er>.</syn>



<hw>Clev"er*ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Somewhat

clever.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Clev"er*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a clever

manner.</def>



<q>Never was man so <qex>clever</qex> absurd.</q>

<qau>C. Smart.</qau>



<hw>Clev"er*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

clever; skill; dexterity; adroitness.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Ingenuity</er>.</syn>



<hw>Clev"is</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Cleave</er> to adhere, <er>Clavel</er>.]</ety> <def>A piece

of metal bent in the form of an oxbow, with the two ends

perforated to receive a pin, used on the end of the tongue of a

plow, wagen, etc., to attach it to a draft chain, whiffletree,

etc.; -- called also <altname>clavel</altname>,

<altname>clevy</altname>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Clew</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Clue</hw>, }</mhw>

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>clewe</ets>, <ets>clowe</ets>,

<ets>clue</ets>, AS. <ets>cleowen</ets>, <ets>cliwen</ets>,

<ets>clywe</ets> ball of thread; akin to D. <ets>kluwen</ets>,

OHG. <ets>chliwa</ets>, <ets>chliuwa</ets>, G. dim.

<ets>kleuel</ets>, <ets>kn\'84uel</ets>, and perch. to L.

<ets>gluma</ets> hull, husk, Skr. <ets>glaus</ets> sort of ball

or tumor. Perch. akin to E. <ets>claw</ets>. \'fb26. Cf.

<er>Knawel</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A ball of thread, yarn,

or cord; also, The thread itself.</def>



<q>Untwisting his deceitful <qex>clew</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which guides or directs one in anything of

a doubtful or intricate nature; that which gives a hint in the

solution of a mystery.</def>



<q>The <qex>clew</qex>, without which it was perilous to enter

the vast and intricate maze of countinental politics, was in his

hands.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a.)</sd> <def>A lower corner

of a square sail, or the after corner of a fore-and-aft

sail.</def> <sd>(b.)</sd> <def>A loop and thimbles at the corner

of a sail.</def> <sd>(c.)</sd> <def>A combination of lines or

nettles by which a hammock is suspended.</def>



<cs><col>Clew garnet</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>one of the

ropes by which the clews of the courses of square-rigged vessels

are drawn up to the lower yards.</cd> -- <col>Clew line</col>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a rope by which a clew of one of the

smaller square sails, as topsail, topgallant sail, or royal, is

run up to its yard.</cd> -- <col>Clew-line block</col>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>The block through which a clew line

reeves. See <xex>Illust<xex>. of <er>Block</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Clew</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p. &

vb. n.</pos> <er>Clewing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. D.

<ets>kluwenen</ets>. See <er>Clew</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To direct; to guide, as by a thread.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Direct and <qex>clew</qex> me out the way to happiness.</q>

<qau>Beau. && Fl.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To move of draw (a sail or

yard) by means of the clew garnets, clew lines, etc.; esp. to

draw up the clews of a square sail to the yard.</def>



<cs><col>To clew down</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to force (a

yard) down by hauling on the clew lines.</cd> -- <col>To clew

up</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to draw (a sail) up to the yard,

as for furling.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Cli`ch\'82"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>clich\'82</ets>, from <ets>clicher</ets> to

stereotype.]</ety> <def>A stereotype plate or any similar

reproduction of ornament, or lettering, in relief.</def>



<cs><col>Clich\'82 casting</col>, <cd>a mode of obtaining an

impression from a die or woodcut, or the like, by striking it

suddenly upon metal which has been fused and is just becoming

solid; also, the casting so obtained.</cd></cs>



<hw>Click</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Clicked</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Clicking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Prob. an onomatopoetic

word: cf. OF. <ets>cliquier</ets>. <er>See Clack</er>, and cf.

<er>Clink</er>, <er>Clique</er>.]</ety> <def>To make a slight,

sharp noise (or a succession of such noises), as by gentle

striking; to tick.</def>



<q>The varnished clock that <qex>clicked</qex> behind the

door.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<hw>Click</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To more with

the sound of a click.</def>



<q>She <qex>clicked</qex> back the bolt which held the window

sash.</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cause to make a clicking noise, as by

striking together, or against something.</def>



<q>[Jove] <qex>clicked</qex> all his marble thumbs.</q>

<qau>Ben Jonson.</qau>



<q>When merry milkmaids <qex>click</qex> the latch.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Click</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A slight sharp

noise, such as is made by the cocking of a pistol.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A kind of articulation used by the natives of

Southern Africa, consisting in a sudden withdrawal of the end or

some other portion of the tongue from a part of the mouth with

which it is in contact, whereby a sharp, clicking sound is

produced. The sounds are four in number, and are called cerebral,

palatal, dental, and lateral <xex>clicks</xex> or clucks, the

latter being the noise ordinarily used in urging a horse

forward.</def>



<hw>Click</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>kleken</ets>,

<ets>clichen</ets>. Cf. <er>Clutch</er>.]</ety> <def>To

snatch.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>Click</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. 4th <er>Click</er>, and

OF. <ets>clique</ets> latch.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A detent,

pawl, or ratchet, as that which catches the cogs of a ratchet

wheel to prevent backward motion. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of

<er>Ratched wheel</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The latch of a door.</def> <mark>[Prov.

Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Click" bee"tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>See <er>Elater</er>.</def>



<hw>Click"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who stands before a shop door to invite people to

buy.</def> <mark>[Low, Eng.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>One who as has charge of the

work of a companionship.</def>



<hw>Click"et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>cliquet</ets> the latch of a door. See 5th

<er>Click</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The knocker of a

door.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A latch key.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Click"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Resembling a

click; abounding in clicks.</def> \'bdTheir strange

<xex>clicky</xex> language.\'b8



<au>The Century.</au>



<hw>\'d8Cli*das"tes</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

prob. from Gr. <?/ key.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus

of exinct marine reptiles, allied to the Mosasaurus. See

<xex>Illust</xex>. in Appendix.</def>



<hw>Cli"en*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>State of

being a client.</def>



<hw>Cli"ent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cliens</ets>, <ets>-emtis</ets>, for <ets>cluens</ets>, one

who hears (in relation to his protector), a client, fr. L.

<ets>cluere</ets> to be named or called; akin to Gr. <?/ to hear,

Skr. <ets>\'87ry</ets>, and E. <ets>loud</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>client</ets>. See <er>Loud</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A citizen who put himself under the

protection of a man of distinction and influence, who was called

his patron.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A dependent; one under the protection of

another.</def>



<q>I do think they are your friends and <qex>clients</qex>,

And fearful to disturb you.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who consults a legal

adviser, or submits his cause to his management.</def>



<hw>Cli"ent*age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>State of being client.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A body of clients.</def>



<au>E. Everett.</au>



<hw>Cli*en"tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to a client.</def>



<q>A dependent and <qex>cliental</qex> relation.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<q>I sat down in the <qex>cliental</qex> chair.</q>

<qau>Dickens.</qau>



<hw>Cli"ent*ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Supplied

with clients.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>The least <qex>cliented</qex> pettifiggers.</q>

<qau>R. Carew.</qau>



<hw>Cli*en"te*lage</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Clientele</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 2.</def>



<hw>Cli`en*tele"</hw> <pr>(? or ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>clientela</ets>: cf. F. <ets>client\'8ale</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The condition or position of a client;

clientship</def>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The clients or dependents of a nobleman of

patron.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The persons who make habitual use of the

services of another person; one's clients, collectively; <as>as,

the <ex>clientele</ex> of a lawyer, doctor, notary,

etc.</as></def>



<hw>Cli"ent*ship</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Condition

of a client; state of being under the protection of a

patron.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Cliff</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>clif</ets>, <ets>cloef</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>klif</ets>,

D. <ets>klif</ets>, <ets>klip</ets>, Icel. <ets>klif</ets>, Dan.

& G. <ets>klippe</ets>, Sw. <ets>klippa</ets>; perh. orig. <ets>a

climbing place</ets>. See <er>Climb</er>.]</ety> <def>A high,

steep rock; a precipice.</def>



<cs><col>Cliff swallow</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a North

American swallow (<spn>Petrochelidon lunifrons</spn>), which

builds its nest against cliffs; the <xex>eaves

swallow<xex>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cliff</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>See

<er>Clef</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Cliff" lime"stone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld>

<def>A series of limestone strata found in Ohio and farther west,

presenting bluffs along the rivers and valleys, formerly supposed

to be of one formation, but now known to be partly Silurian and

partly Devonian.</def>



<hw>Cliff"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having cliffs;

broken; craggy.</def>



<hw>Clift</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See 1st

<er>Cliff</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>A cliff.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>That gainst the craggy <qex>clifts</qex> did loudly roar.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Clift</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Cleft</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A cleft of crack; a narrow

opening.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The fork of the legs; the crotch.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Clift"ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From <er>Clift</er> a

cleft.]</ety> <def>Broken; fissured.</def>



<q>Climb the Ande<?/ <qex>clifted</qex> side.</q>

<qau>Grainger.</qau>



<hw>Cli*mac"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.

Gr. <?/, prop., round of a ladder, fr. <?/ ladder: cf. F.

<ets>climact\'8are</ets>. See <er>Climax</er>.]</ety> <def>See

<er>Climacteric</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def>



<hw>Cli*mac"ter*ic</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>climactericus</ets>, Gr. <?/. See

<er>Climacter</er>.]</ety> <def>Relating to a climacteric;

critical.</def>



<hw>Cli*mac"ter*ic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A period

in human life in which some great change is supposed to take

place in the constitution. The critical periods are thought by

some to be the years produced by multiplying 7 into the odd

numbers 3, 5, 7, and 9; to which others add the 81st year.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any critical period.</def>



<q>It is your lot, as it was mine, to live during one of the

grand <qex>climacterics</qex> of the world.</q>

<qau>Southey.</qau>



<cs><mcol><col>Grand</col> <or/ <col>Great

climacteric</col></mcol>, <cd>the sixty-third year of human

life.</cd></cs>



<q>I should hardly yield my rigid fibers to be regenerated by

them; nor begin, in my <qex>grand climacteric</qex>, to squall in

their new accents, or to stammer, in my second cradle, the

elemental sounds of their barbarous metaphysics.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<hw>Clim`ac*ter"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos>

<def>See <er>Climacteric</er>.</def>



<au>Evelyn.</au>



<hw>Cli"ma*tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Climatic.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>Cli`ma*tar"chic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Climate</ets> + Gr. <?/ to rule.]</ety> <def>Presiding

over, or regulating, climates.</def>



<hw>Cli"mate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>climat</ets>, L. <ets>clima</ets>, <ets>-atis</ets>, fr. Gr.

<?/, <?/, slope, the supposed slope of the earth (from the

equator toward the pole), hence a region or zone of the earth,

fr. <?/ to slope, incline, akin to E. <ets>lean</ets>, v. i. See

<er>Lean</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>, and cf. <er>Clime</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Anc. Geog.)</fld> <def>One of thirty regions or

zones, parallel to the equator, into which the surface of the

earth from the equator to the pole was divided, according to the

successive increase of the length of the midsummer day.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The condition of a place in relation to various

phenomena of the atmosphere, as temperature, moisture, etc.,

especially as they affect animal or vegetable life.</def>



<hw>Cli"mate</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To dwell.</def>

<mark>[Poetic]</mark> <au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Cli*mat"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to a climate; depending on, or limited by, a

climate.</def>



<hw>Cli*mat"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Climatic.</def>



<hw>Cli"ma*tize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Climatized</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Climatizing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To acclimate or become

acclimated.</def>



<hw>Cli`ma*tog"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Climate</ets> + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

description of climates.</def>



<hw>Cli`ma*to*log"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of

or pertaining to climatology.</def>



<hw>Cli`ma*tol"o*gist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

versed in, or who studies, climatology.</def>



<hw>Cli`ma*tol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Climate</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>climatologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science which treats of

climates and investigates their phenomena and causes.</def>



<au>Brande & C.</au>



<hw>Cli"ma*ture</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>climature</ets>.]</ety> <def>A climate.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Cli"max</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., from Gr.

<?/ ladder, staircase, fr. <?/ to make to bend, to lean. See

<er>Ladder</er>, <er>Lean</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Upward movement; steady increase; gradation;

ascent.</def>



<au>Glanvill.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure of which the parts

of a sentence or paragraph are so arranged that each sicceeding

one rise<?/ above its predecessor in impressiveness.</def>



<q>\'bdTribulation worketh patience, patience experience, and

experience hope\'b8 -- a happy <qex>climax</qex>.</q>

<qau>J. D. Forbes.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The highest point; the greatest degree.</def>



<q>We must look higher for the <qex>climax</qex> of earthly

good.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<cs><col>To cap the climax</col>, <cd>to surpass everything, as

in excellence or in absurdity. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Climb</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Climbed</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>Obs. or Vulgar</mark> <er>Clomb</er>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Climbing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>climban</ets>;

akin to OHG. <ets>chlimban</ets>, G. & D. <ets>klimmen</ets>,

Icel. <ets>kl\'c6fa</ets>, and E. <ets>cleave</ets> to

adhere.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To ascend or mount laboriously,

esp. by use of the hands and feet.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To ascend as if with effort; to rise to a higher

point.</def>



<q>Black vapors <qex>climb</qex> aloft, and cloud the day.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>To ascend or creep upward by

twining about a support, or by attaching itself by tendrills,

rootlets, etc., to a support or upright surface.</def>



<hw>Climb</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To ascend, as by means of

the hands and feet, or laboriously or slowly; to mount.</def>



<hw>Climb</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of one who climbs;

ascent by climbing.</def>



<au>Warburton.</au>



<hw>Climb"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of

being climbed.</def>



<hw>Climb"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, climbs</def>: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

plant that climbs.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A bird that climbs, as a woodpecker or a parrot.</def>



<hw>Climb"er</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[From <er>Climb</er>;

cf. <er>Clamber</er>.]</ety> <def>To climb; to mount with effort;

to clamber.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Tusser.</au>



<hw>Climb"ing</hw>, <def><pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> of

<er>Climb</er>.</def>



<cs><col>Climbing fern</col>. <cd>See under <er>Fern</er>.</cd>

-- <col>Climbing perch</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See

<er>Anabas</er>, and <er>Labyrinthici</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Clime</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>clima</ets>. See <er>Climate</er>.]</ety> <def>A climate; a

tract or region of the earth. See <er>Climate</er>.</def>



<q>Turn we to sutvey,

Where rougher <qex>climes</qex> a nobler race display.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Cli*nan"thi*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ bed + <?/ flower.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>The receptacle of the flowers in a composite plant; -- also

called <altname>clinium</altname>.</def>



<hw>Clinch</hw> <pr>(?; 224)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Clinched</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Clinching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>clenchen</ets>,

prop. causative of <ets>clink</ets> to cause to clink, to strike;

cf. D. <ets>klinken</ets> to tinkle, rivet. See

<er>Clink</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To hold firmly; to hold

fast by grasping or embracing tightly.</def>

\'bd<xex>Clinch</xex> the pointed spear.\'b8



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To set closely together; to close tightly;

<as>as, to <ex>clinch</ex> the teeth or the first</as>.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The bend or turn over the point of (something

that has been driven trough an object), so that it will hold

fast; <as>as, to <ex>clinch</ex> a nail</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To make conclusive; to confirm; to establish;

<as>as, to <ex>clinch</ex> an argument</as>.</def>



<au>South.</au>



<hw>Clinch</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To hold fast; to grasp

something firmly; to seize or grasp one another.</def>



<hw>Clinch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

act or process of holding fast; that which serves to hold fast; a

grip; a grasp; a clamp; a holdfast; <as>as, to get a good

<ex>clinch</ex> of an antagonist, or of a weapon; to secure

anything by a <ex>clinch</ex>.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A pun.</def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A hitch or bend by which a

rope is made fast to the ring of an anchor, or the breeching of a

ship's gun to the ringbolts.</def>



<hw>Clinch"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who, or that which, clinches; that which holds

fast.</def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which ends a dispute or controversy; a

decisive argument.</def>



<hw>Clinch"er-built</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See

<er>Clinker-built</er>.</def>



<hw>Cling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Clung</er> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<er>Clong</er> (<?/), <mark>Obs.</mark>); <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Clinging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS.

<ets>clingan</ets> to adhere, to wither; akin to Dan.

<ets>klynge</ets> to cluster, crowd. Cf. <er>Clump</er>.]</ety>

<def>To adhere closely; to stick; to hold fast, especially by

twining round or embracing; <as>as, the tendril of a vine

<ex>clings</ex> to its support</as>; -- usually followed by

<xex>to</xex> or <xex>together</xex>.</def>



<q>And what hath life for thee

That thou shouldst <qex>cling</qex> to it thus?</q>

<qau>Mrs. Hemans.</qau>



<hw>Cling</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cause to

adhere to, especially by twining round or embraching.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>I <qex>clung</qex> legs as close to his side as I could.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make to dry up or wither.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>If thou speak'st false,

Upon the next tree shalt thou hang alive,

Till famine <qex>cling</qex> thee.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Cling</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Adherence; attachment;

devotion.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>A more tenacious <qex>cling</qex> to worldly respects.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Cling"stone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having the

flesh attached closely to the stone, as in some kinds of

peaches.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A fruit, as a peach,

whose flesh adheres to the stone.</def></def2>



<hw>Cling"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Apt to cling;

adhesive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Clin"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Clinical</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One confined to the

bed by sickness.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>One who receives baptism on a

sick bed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Hook.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A school, or a session of a

school or class, in which medicine or surgery is taught by the

examination and treatment of patients in the presence of the

pupils.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Clin"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Clin"ic</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ bed,

fr. <?/ to lean, recline: cf. F. <ets>clinique</ets>. See

<er>Lean</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or

pertaining to a bed, especially, a sick bed.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to a clinic, or to the study of

disease in the living subject.</def>



<-- 3. a lesson or series of lessons taught to persons not expert

in some activity, in which the errors of the students are pointed

out, and remedial actions are suggested.  (fig.) (sports), a

performance so excellent as to be considered a model for

emulation. -->



<cs><col>Clinical baptism</col>, <cd>baptism administered to a

person on a sick bed.</cd> -- <col>Clinical instruction</col>,

<cd>instruction by means of clinics.</cd> -- <col>Clinical

lecture</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a discourse upon medical

topics illustrared by the exhibition and examination of living

patients.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Clinical medicine</col>,

<col>Clinical surgery</col></mcol>, <cd>that part of medicine or

surgery which is occupied with the investigation of disease in

the living subject.</cd></cs>



<hw>Clin"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a clinical

manner.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cli*nique"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A clinic.</def>



<hw>\'d8Clin"i*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.

Gr. <?/ bed.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See Clinanthium.</def>



<hw>Clink</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Clinked</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Clinking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>clinken</ets>;

akin to G. <ets>klingen</ets>, D. <ets>klinken</ets>, SW.

<ets>klinga</ets>, Dan. <ets>klinge</ets>; prob. of imitative

origin. Cf. <er>Clank</er>, <er>Clench</er>, <er>Click</er>,

<pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <def>To cause to give out a slight,

sharp, tinkling, sound, as by striking metallic or other sonorous

bodies together.</def>



<q>And let me the canakin <qex>clink</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Clink</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

give out a slight, sharp, thinkling sound.</def> \'bdThe

<xex>clinking</xex> latch.\'b8



<au>Tennyson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To rhyme. <mark>[Humorous]</mark>.</def>



<au>Cowper.</au>



<hw>Clink</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A slight, sharp, tinkling

sound, made by the collision of sonorous bodies.</def>

\'bd<qex>Clink</qex> and fall of swords.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Clin"kant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See

<er>Clnquant</er>.</def>



<hw>Clink"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<ets>clink</ets>; cf. D. <ets>clinker</ets> a brick which is so

hard that it makes a sonorous sound, from <ets>clinken</ets> to

clink. Cf. <er>Clinkstone</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A mass

composed of several bricks run together by the action of the fire

in the kiln.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Scoria or vitrified incombustible matter, formed

in a grate or furnace where anthracite coal in used; vitrified or

burnt matter ejected from a volcano; slag.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A scale of oxide of iron, formed in

forging.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A kind of brick. See <cref>Dutch klinker</cref>,

under <er>Dutch</er>.</def>



<hw>Clink"er-built</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Having the side planks (af a boat) so

arranged that the lower edge of each overlaps the upper edge of

the plank next below it like clapboards on a house. See

<er>Lapstreak</er>.</def>



<hw>Clink"stone`</hw> <pr>(?; 110)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Clink</ets> + <ets>stone</ets>; -- from its

sonorousness.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An igneous rock of

feldspathic composition, lamellar in structure, and clinking

under the hammer. See <er>Phonolite</er>.</def>



<hw>Cli`no*di*ag"o*nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ to incline + E. <ets>diagonal</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>That diagonal or lateral axis in a

monoclinic crystal which makes an oblique angle witch the

vertical axis. See <er>Crystallization</er>.</def> --

<def2><pos>a.</pos>  <def>Pertaining to, or the direction of, the

clinidiagonal.</def></def2>



<hw>Cli"no*dome`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

to incline + E. <ets>dome</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld>

<def>See under <er>Dome</er>.</def>



<hw>Cli"no*graph"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Gr</ets>. <ets><?/ to incline</ets> +

<ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to that mode of

projection in drawing in which the rays of light are supposed to

fall obliquely on the plane of projection.</def>



<hw>Cli"noid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ bed +

<ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Like a bed; --

applied to several processes on the inner side of the sphenoid

bone.</def>



<hw>Cli*nom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

to incline + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>An

instrument for determining the dip of beds or strata, pr the

slope of an embankment or cutting; a kind of plumb level.</def>



<au>Dana.</au>



<hw>Clin`o*met"ric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Pertaining to, or ascertained by, the clinometer.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Pertaining to the oblique crystalline forms, or

to solids which have oblique angles between the axes; <as>as, the

<ex>clinometric</ex> systems</as>.</def>



<hw>Cli*nom"e*try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(geol.)</fld> <def>That art or operation of measuring the

inclination of strata.</def>



<hw>Cli`no*pin"a*coid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ to incline + E. <ets>pinacoid</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>The plane in crystals of the

monoclinic system which is parallel to the vertical and the

inclined lateral (clinidiagonal) axes.</def>



<hw>Cli`no*rhom"bic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ to incline + E. <ets>rhombic</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>clinorhombique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld>

<def>Possessing the qualities of a prism, obliquely inclined to a

rhombic base; monoclinic.</def>



<hw>Clin"quant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<def>Glittering; dressed in, or overlaid with, tinsel

finery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Clin"quant</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Tinse;l; Dutch

gold.</def>



<hw>Cli"o</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/

the proclaimer, fr. <?/ to call, tell of, make famous.]</ety>

<fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>The Muse who presided over

history.</def>



<hw>Cli*o"ne</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A genus of

naked pteropods. One species (<spn>Clione papilonacea</spn>),

abundant in the Arctic Ocean, constitutes a part of the food of

the Greenland whale. It is sometimes incorrectly called

<xex>Clio</xex>.</def>



<hw>Clip</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Clipped</er>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Clipping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>cluppen</ets>,

<ets>clippen</ets>, to embrace, AS. <ets>clyran</ets> to embrace,

clasp; cf. OHG. <ets>kluft</ets> tongs, shears, Icel,

<ets>kl\'dfpa</ets> to pinch, squeeze, also OE.

<ets>clippen</ets> to cut, shear, Dan. <ets>klippe</ets> to clip,

cut, SW. & Icel. <ets>klippa</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

embrace, hence; to encompass.</def>



<q>O . . . that Neptune's arms, who <qex>clippeth</qex> thee

about,

Would bear thee from the knowledge of thyself.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cut off; as with shears or scissors; <as>as,

to <ex>clip</ex> the hair; to <ex>clip</ex> coin.</as></def>



<q>Sentenced to have his ears <qex>clipped</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To curtail; to cut short.</def>



<q>All my reports go with the modest truth;

No more nor <qex>clipped</qex>, but so.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>In London they <qex>clip</qex> their words after one manner

about the court, another in the city, and a third in the

suburbs.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<hw>Clip</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To move

swiftly; -- usually with indefinite <xex>it</xex>.</def>



<q>Straight flies as chek, and <qex>clips</qex> it down the

wind.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Clip</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An embrace.</def>



<au>Sir P. Sidney.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A cutting; a shearing.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The product of a single shearing of sheep; a

season's crop of wool.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A clasp or holder for letters, papers,

etc.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>An embracing strap for holding parts together;

the iron strap, with loop, at the ends of a whiffletree.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A projecting flange on the

upper edge of a horseshoe, turned up so as to embrace the lower

part of the hoof; -- called also <altname>toe clip</altname> and

<altname>beak</altname>.</def>



<au>Youatt.</au>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>A blow or stroke with the hand; <as>as, he hit

him a <ex>clip</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark>



<hw>Clip"per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who clips; specifically, one who clips off the edges of

coin.</def>

<-- sic. coin here is in the plural. -->



<q>The value is pared off from it into the <qex>clipper's</qex>

pocket.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A machine for clipping hair, esp. the hair of

horses.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A vessel with a sharp bow,

built and rigged for fast sailing.</def>  --

<wordforms><wf>Clip"per-built`</wf> <pr>(<?/)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>



<note><hand/ The name was first borne by \'bdBaltimore

clippers\'b8 famous as privateers in the early wars of the United

States.</note>



<hw>Clip"ping</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of embracing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of cutting off, curtailing, or

diminishing; the practice of clipping the edges of coins.</def>



<q><qex>clipping</qex> by Englishmen is robbing the honest man

who receives clipped money.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which is clipped off or out of something; a

piece separated by clipping; <as>as, newspaper

<ex>clippings</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Clique</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. OF.

<ets>cliquer</ets> to click. See <er>Click</er>, <pos>v.

i.</pos>]</ety> <def>A narrow circle of persons associated by

common interests or for the accomplishment of a common purpose;

-- generally used in a bad sense.</def>



<hw>Clique</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To To associate together

in a clannish way; to act with others secretly to gain a desired

end; to plot; -- used with <xex>together</xex>.</def>



<hw>Cli"quish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to a clique; disposed to from cliques; exclusive in

spirit.</def>



-- <wordforms><wf>Cli"*quish*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Cli"quism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The tendency

to associate in cliques; the spirit of cliques.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cli*tel"lus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

prob. fr. L. <ets>clitellae</ets> a packsadle.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A thickened glandular portion of the

body of the adult earthworm, consisting of several united

segments modified for reproductive purposes.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cli"to*ris</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to shut up. It is concealed by

the <ets>labia pudendi</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A

small organ at the upper part of the vulva, homologous to the

penis in the male.</def>



<hw>Cliv"ers</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Cleavers</er>.</def>



<hw>Cliv"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Clivities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L.

<ets>clivus</ets> hill.]</ety> <def>Inclination; ascent or

descent; a gradient.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Clo"a"ca</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Cloac\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A sewer; <as>as, the <ex>Cloaca Maxima</ex> of

Rome</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A privy.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The common chamber into which

the intestinal, urinary, and generative canals discharge in

birds, reptiles, amphibians, and many fishes.</def>



<hw>Clo*a"cal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to a cloaca.</def>



<hw>Cloak</hw> <pr>(?; 110)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Of.

<ets>cloque</ets> cloak (from the bell-like shape), bell, F.

<ets>cloche</ets> bell; perh. of Celtik origin and the same word

as E. <ets>clock</ets>. See 1st <er>Clock</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A loose outer garment, extending from the neck

downwards, and commonly without sleeves. It is longer than a

cape, and is worn both by men and by women.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which conceals; a disguise or pretext; an

excuse; a fair pretense; a mask; a cover.</def>



<q>No man is esteemed any ways considerable for policy who wears

religion otherwise than as a <qex>cloak</qex>.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<cs><col>Cloak bag</col>, <cd>a bag in which a cloak or other

clothes are carried; a portmanteau.</cd></cs>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Cloak</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Cloaked</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Cloaking</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cover with, or

as with, a cloak; hence, to hide or conceal.</def>



<q>Now glooming sadly, so to <qex>cloak</qex> her matter.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Palliate</er>.</syn>



<hw>Cloak"ed*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a concealed

manner.</def>



<hw>Cloak"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

covering with a cloak; the act of concealing anything.</def>



<q>To take heed of their dissembings and

<qex>cloakings</qex>.</q>

<qau>Strype.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The material of which of which cloaks are

made.</def>



<hw>Cloak"room`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A room,

attached to any place of public resort, where cloaks, overcoats,

etc., may be deposited for a time.</def>



<hw>Clock</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>clucge</ets> bell; akin to D. <ets>klok</ets> clock, bell,

G. <ets>glocke</ets>, Dan. <ets>klokke</ets>, Sw.

<ets>klocka</ets>, Icel. <ets>klukka</ets> bell, LL.

<ets>clocca</ets>, <ets>cloca</ets> (whence F.

<ets>cloche</ets>); al perh. of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. & Gael.

<ets>clog</ets> bell, clock, W. <ets>cloch</ets> bell. Cf.

<er>Cloak</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A machine for measuring

time, indicating the hour and other divisions by means of hands

moving on a dial plate. Its works are moved by a weight or a

spring, and it is often so constructed as to tell the hour by the

stroke of a hammer on a bell. It is not adapted, like the watch,

to be carried on the person.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A watcg, esp. one that strikes.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Walton.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The striking of a clock.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A figure or figured work on the ankle or side of

a stocking.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<note><hand/ The phrases <xex>what o'clock</xex>? <xex>it is nine

o'clock</xex>, etc., are contracted from <xex>what of the

clock</xex>? <xex>it is nine of the clock</xex>, etc.</note>



<cs><col>Alarm clock</col>. <cd>See under <er>Alarm</er>.</cd> --

<col>Astronomical clock</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A clock of

superior construction, with a compensating pendulum, etc., to

measure time with great accuracy, for use in astronomical

observatories; -- called a <xex>regulator<xex> when used by

watchmakers as a standard for regulating timepieces.</cd>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A clock with mechanism for indicating certain

astronomical phenomena, as the phases of the moon, position of

the sun in the ecliptic, equation of time, etc.</cd> --

<col>Electric clock</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A clock moved or

regulated by electricity or electro-magnetism.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd>

<cd>A clock connected with an electro-magnetic recording

apparatus.</cd> -- <col>Ship's clock</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>,

<cd>a clock arranged to strike from one to eight strokes, at half

hourly intervals, marking the divisions of the ship's

watches.</cd> -- <col>Sidereal clock</col>, <cd>an astronomical

clock regulated to keep sidereal time.</cd></cs>



<hw>Clock</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To ornament

with figured work, as the side of a stocking.</def>



<hw>Clock</hw>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <def>To call, as a hen. See

<er>Cluck</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Clock</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large

beetle, esp. the European dung beetle (<spn>Scarab\'91us

stercorarius</spn>).</def>



<hw>Clock"like`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a

clock or like clockwork; mechanical.</def>



<q>Their services are <qex>clocklike</qex>, to be set

Blackward and vorward at their lord's command.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<hw>Clock"work`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

machinery of a clock, or machinary resembling that of a clock;

machinery which produced regularity of movement.</def>



<hw>Clod</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>clodde</ets>, latter form of <ets>clot</ets>. See

<er>Clot</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A lump or mass, especially

of earth, turf, or clay.</def> \'bd<xex>Clods</xex> of a slimy

substance.\'b8 <au>Carew.</au> \'bd<qex>Clods</qex> of iron and

brass.\'b8</q> <qau>Milton.</qau> \'bd<qex>Clods</qex> of

blood.\'b8 <au>E. Fairfax.</au>



<q>The earth that casteth up from the plow a great

<qex>clod</qex>, is not so good as that which casteth up a

smaller <qex>clod</qex>.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The ground; the earth; a spot of earth or

turf.</def>



<q>The <qex>clod</qex>

<qex>Where once their sultan's horse has trod</qex>.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which is earthy and of little relative

value, as the body of man in comparison with the soul.</def>



<q>This cold <qex>clod</qex> of clay which we carry about with

us.</q>

<qau>T. Burnet.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A dull, gross, stupid fellow; a dolt</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A pert of the shoulder of a beef creature, or of

the neck piece near the shoulder. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of

<er>Beef</er>.</def>



<hw>Clod</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v.i</pos> <def>To collect into

clods, or into a thick mass; to coagulate; to clot; <as>as,

<ex>clodded</ex> gore</as>. See <er>Clot</er>.</def>



<q><qex>Clodded</qex> in lumps of clay.</q>

<qau>G. Fletcher.</qau>



<hw>Clod</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To pelt with

clods.</def>



<au>Jonson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To throw violently; to hurl.</def>

<mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>Clod"dish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Resembling

clods; gross; low; stupid; boorish.</def>



<au>Hawthorne.</au>



-- <wordforms><wf>Clod"dish*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Clod"dy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Consisting of

clods; full of clods.</def>



<hw>Clod"hop`per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A rude,

rustic fellow.</def>



<hw>Clod"hop`ping</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Boorish; rude.</def>



<au>C. Bront\'82.</au>



<hw>Clod"pate`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A blockhead;

a dolt.</def>



<hw>Clod"pat`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Stupid;

dull; doltish.</def>



<hw>Clod"poll`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Clod</ets> + <ets>poll</ets> head.]</ety> <def>A

stupid fellow; a dolt.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>clodpole</asp>.]</altsp>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Cloff</hw> <pr>(?; 115)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.

uncertain.]</ety> <def>Formerly an allowance of two pounds in

every three hundred weight after the tare and tret are

subtracted; now used only in a general sense, of small deductions

from the original weight.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>clough</asp>.]</altsp>



<au>McCulloch.</au>



<hw>Clog</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>clogge</ets> clog, Scot. <ets>clag</ets>, <pos>n.</pos>, a

clot, <pos>v.</pos>, to to obstruct, cover with mud or anything

adhesive; prob. of the same origin as E. <ets>clay</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>That which hinders or impedes motion; hence, an

encumbrance, restraint, or impediment, of any kind.</def>



<q>All the ancient, honest, juridical principles and institutions

of England are so many <qex>clogs</qex> to check and retard the

headlong course of violence and opression.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A weight, as a log or block of wood, attached to

a man or an animal to hinder motion.</def>



<q>As a dog . . . but chance breaks loose,

And quits his <qex>clog</qex>.</q>

<qau>Hudibras.</qau>



<q>A <qex>clog</qex> of lead was round my feet.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A shoe, or sandal, intended to protect the feet

from wet, or to increase the apparent stature, and having,

therefore, a very thick sole. Cf. <er>Chopine</er>.</def>



<q>In France the peasantry goes barefoot; and the middle sort . .

. makes use of wooden <qex>clogs</qex>.</q>

<qau>Harvey.</qau>



<cs><col>Clog almanac</col>, <cd>a primitive kind of almanac or

calendar, formerly used in England, made by cutting notches and

figures on the four edges of a clog, or square piece of wood,

brass, or bone; -- called also a <altname>Runic staff</altname>,

from the Runic characters used in the numerical notation.</cd> --

<col>Clog dance</col>, <cd>a dance performed by a person wearing

clogs, or thick-soled shoes.</cd> -- <wordforms><col>Clog

dancer</col>.</wordforms></cs>



<hw>Clog</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Clogged</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Clogging</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

encumber or load, especially with something that impedes motion;

to hamper.</def>



<q>The winds of birds were <qex>clogged</qex> with ace and

snow.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To obstruct so as to hinder motion in or

through; to choke up; <as>as, to <ex>clog</ex> a tube or a

channel</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To burden; to trammel; to embarrass; to

perplex.</def>



<q>The commodities are <qex>clogged</qex> with impositions.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<q>You 'll rue the time

That <qex>clogs</qex> me with this answer.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Impede; hinder; obstruct; embarrass; burden;

restrain; restrict.</syn>



<hw>Clog</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To become

clogged; to become loaded or encumbered, as with extraneous

matter.</def>



<q>In working through the bone, the teeth of the saw will begin

to <qex>clog</qex>.</q>

<qau>S. Sharp.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To coalesce or adhere; to unite in a mass.</def>



<q>Move it sometimes with a broom, that the seeds <qex>clog</qex>

not together.</q>

<qau>Evelyn.</qau>



<hw>Clog"gi*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state

of being clogged.</def>



<hw>Clog"ging</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Anything which

clogs.</def>



<au>Dr. H. More.</au>



<hw>Clog"gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Clogging, or

having power to clog.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cloi`son*n\'82</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.,

partitioned, fr. <ets>cloison</ets> a partition.]</ety>

<def>Inlaid between partitions: -- said of enamel when the lines

which divide the different patches of fields are composed of a

kind of metal wire secured to the ground; as distinguished from

<xex>champlev\'82</xex> enamel, in which the ground is engraved

or scooped out to receive the enamel.</def>



<au>S. Wells Williams.</au>



<hw>Clois"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>cloistre</ets>, F. <ets>clo\'8ctre</ets>, L.

<ets>claustrum</ets>, pl. <ets>claustra</ets>, bar, bolt, bounds,

fr. <ets>claudere</ets>, <ets>clausum</ets>, to close. See

<er>Close</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, and cf.

<er>Claustral</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>An inclosed place.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A covered passage or ambulatory on one side of a

court; (<pluf>pl.</pluf>) the series of such passages on the

different sides of any court, esp. that of a monastery or a

college.</def>



<q>But let my due feet never fail

To walk the studious <qex>cloister's</qex> pale.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A monastic establishment; a place for retirement

from the world for religious duties.</def>



<q>Fitter for a <qex>cloister</qex> than a crown.</q>

<qau>Daniel.</qau>



<cs><col>Cloister garth</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>the garden

or open part of a court inclosed by the cloisters.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Cloister</er>, <er>Monastery</er>,

<er>Nunnery</er>, <er>Convent</er>, <er>Abbey</er>,

<er>Priory</er>.</syn> <usage> <xex>Cloister</xex> and

<xex>convent</xex> are generic terms, and denote a place of

seclusion from the world for persons who devote their lives to

religious purposes. They differ is that the distinctive idea of

<xex>cloister</xex> is that of seclusion from the world, that of

<xex>convent</xex>, community of living. Both terms denote houses

for recluses of either sex. A <xex>cloister</xex> or

<xex>convent</xex> for <xex>monks</xex> is called a

<xex>monastery</xex>; for <xex>nuns</xex>, a <xex>nunnery</xex>.

An <xex>abbey</xex> is a convent or monastic institution governed

by an abbot or an abbess; a <xex>priory</xex> is one governed by

a prior or a prioress, and is usually affiliated to an

abbey.</usage>



<hw>Clois"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Cloistered</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Cloistering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To confine in, or as in,

a cloister; to seclude from the world; to immure.</def>



<q>None among them are throught worthy to be styled religious

persons but those that <qex>cloister</qex> themselves up in a

monastery.</q>

<qau>Sharp.</qau>



<hw>Clois"ter*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Cloistral.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>I. Walton.</au>



<hw>Clois"tered</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Dwelling in cloisters; solitary.</def>

\'bd<xex>Cloistered</xex> friars and vestal nuns.\'b8



<au>Hudibras.</au>



<q>In <qex>cloistered</qex> state let selfish sages dwell,

Proud that their heart is narrow as their cell.</q>

<qau>Shenstone.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Furnished with cloisters.</def>



<au>Sir H. Wotton.</au>



<hw>Clois"ter*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>cloistier</ets>.]</ety> <def>One belonging to, or living in,

a cloister; a recluse.</def>



<hw>Clois"tral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of,

pertaining to, or confined in, a cloister; recluse.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>cloisteral</asp>.]</altsp>



<q>Best become a <qex>cloistral</qex> exercise.</q>

<qau>Daniel.</qau>



<hw>Clois"tress</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

nun.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Cloke</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & v.</pos> <def>See

Cloak.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>Clomb</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Clomb"en</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of

<er>Climb</er> (for <xex>climbed</xex>).</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The sonne, he sayde, is <qex>clomben</qex> up on hevene.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>Clomp</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Clamp</er>.</def>



<hw>Clong</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp.</pos> of

<er>Cling</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Clon"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a

violent, confused motion; cf. F. <ets>clonique</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Having an irregular, convulsive

motion.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<cs><col>Clonic spasm</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See under

<er>Spasm</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cloom</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[A variant of

<ets>clam</ets> to clog.]</ety> <def>To close with glutinous

matter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Mortimer.</au>



<hw>Cloop</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[An

onomatop\'d2ia.]</ety> <def>The sound made when a cork is

forcibly drawn from a bottle.</def> \'bdThe <xex>cloop</xex> of a

cork wrenched from a bottle.\'b8



<au>Thackeray.</au>



<hw>Close</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Closed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Closing</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[From OF. & F. <ets>clos</ets>, p. p. of <ets>clore</ets> to

close, fr. L. <ets>claudere</ets>; akin to G.

<ets>schliessen</ets> to shut, and to E. <ets>clot</ets>,

<ets>cloister</ets>, <ets>clavicle</ets>, <ets>conclude</ets>,

<ets>sluice</ets>. Cf. <er>Clause</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To stop, or fill up, as an opening; to shut;

<as>as, to <ex>close</ex> the eyes; to <ex>close</ex> a

door.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To bring together the parts of; to consolidate;

<as>as, to <ex>close</ex> the ranks of an army; -- often used

with <ex>up</ex>.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To bring to an end or period; to conclude; to

complete; to finish; to end; to consummate; <as>as, to

<ex>close</ex> a bargain; to <ex>close</ex> a course of

instruction.</as></def>



<q>One frugal supper did our studies <qex>close</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To come or gather around; to inclose; to

encompass; to confine.</def>



<q>The depth <qex>closed</qex> me round about.</q>

<qau>Jonah ii. 5.</qau>



<q>But now thou dost thyself immure and <qex>close</qex>

In some one corner of a feeble heart.</q>

<qau>Herbert.</qau>



<cs><col>A closed sea</col>, <cd>a sea within the jurisdiction of

some particular nation, which controls its navigation.</cd></cs>



<hw>Close</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To come

together; to unite or coalesce, as the parts of a wound, or parts

separated.</def>



<q>What deep wounds ever <qex>closed</qex> without a scar?</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To end, terminate, or come to a period; <as>as,

the debate <ex>closed</ex> at six o'clock</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To grapple; to engange in hand-to-hand

fight.</def>



<q>They boldly <qex>closed</qex> in a hand-to-hand contest.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<cs><mcol><col>To close on</col> <it>or</it>

<col>upon</col></mcol>, <cd>to come to a mutual agreement; to

agree on or join in. \'bdWould induce France and Holland to

<xex>close upon<xex> some measures between them to our

disadvantage.\'b8 <au>Sir W. Temple</au>.</cd> -- <col>To close

with</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To accede to; to consent or agree

to; as, to <xex>close with<xex> the terms proposed.</cd>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To make an agreement with.</cd> -- <col>To close

with the land</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to approach the

land.</cd></cs>



<hw>Close</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

manner of shutting; the union of parts; junction.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The doors of plank were; their <qex>close</qex> exquisite.</q>

<qau>Chapman.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Conclusion; cessation; ending; end.</def>



<q> His long and troubled life was drawing to a

<qex>close</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A grapple in wrestling.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The conclusion of

a strain of music; cadence.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A double bar

marking the end.</def>



<q>At every <qex>close</qex> she made, the attending throng

Replied, and bore the burden of the song.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Conclusion; termination; cessation; end; ending;

extremity; extreme.</syn>



<hw>Close</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. & F.

<ets>clos</ets> an inclosure, fr. <ets>clos</ets>, p. p. of

<ets>clore</ets>. See <er>Close</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>An inclosed place; especially, a small field or

piece of land surrounded by a wall, hedge, or fence of any kind;

-- specifically, the precinct of a cathedral or abbey.</def>



<q><qex>Closes</qex> surrounded by the venerable abodes of deans

and canons.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A narrow passage leading from a street to a

court, and the houses within.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<au>Halliwell</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The interest which one may have

in a piece of ground, even though it is not inclosed.</def>



<au>Bouvier.</au>



<hw>Close</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Closer</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Closest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Of. & F.

<ets>clos</ets>, p. p. of <ets>clore</ets>. See <er>Close</er>,

<pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Shut fast; closed;

tight; <as>as, a <ex>close</ex> box</as>.</def>



<q>From a <qex>close</qex> bower this dainty music flowed.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Narrow; confined; <as>as, a <ex>close</ex>

alley; <ex>close</ex> quarters.</as></def> \'bdA <xex>close</xex>

prison.\'b8



<au>Dickens.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Oppressive; without motion or ventilation;

causing a feeling of lassitude; -- said of the air, weather,

etc.</def>



<q>If the rooms be low-roofed, or full of windows and doors, the

one maketh the air <qex>close</qex>, . . . and the other maketh

it exceeding unequal.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Strictly confined; carefully quarded; <as>as, a

<ex>close</ex> prisoner</as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Out of the way observation; secluded; secret;

hidden.</def> \'bdHe yet kept himself <xex>close</xex> because of

Saul.\'b8



<au>1 Chron. xii. 1</au>



<q>\'bdHer <qex>close</qex> intent.\'b8</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Disposed to keep secrets; secretive;

reticent.</def> \'bdFor servecy, no lady <xex>closer</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Having the parts near each other; dense; solid;

compact; as applied to bodies; viscous; tenacious; not volatile,

as applied to liquids.</def>



<q>The golden globe being put into a press, . . . the water made

itself way through the pores of that very <qex>close</qex>

metal.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>Concise; to the point; <as>as, <ex>close</ex>

reasoning</as>.</def> \'bdWhere the original is <xex>close</xex>

no version can reach it in the same compass.\'b8



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>Adjoining; near; either in space; time, or

thought; -- often followed by <xex>to</xex>.</def>



<q>Plant the spring crocuses <qex>close</qex> to a wall.</q>

<qau>Mortimer.</qau>



<q>The thought of the Man of sorrows seemed a very

<qex>close</qex> thing -- not a faint hearsay.</q>

<qau>G. Eliot.</qau>



<sn>10.</sn> <def>Short; <as>as, to cut grass or hair

<ex>close</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>11.</sn> <def>Intimate; familiar; confidential.</def>



<q>League with you I seek

And mutual amity, so strait, so <qex>close</qex>,

That I with you must dwell, or you with me.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>12.</sn> <def>Nearly equal; almost evenly balanced; <as>as, a

<ex>close</ex> vote</as>.</def> \'bdA <xex>close</xex>

contest.\'b8



<au>Prescott.</au>



<sn>13.</sn> <def>Difficult to obtain; <as>as, money is

<ex>close</ex></as>.</def>



<au>Bartlett.</au>



<sn>14.</sn> <def>Parsimonious; stingy.</def> \'bdA crusty old

fellow, as <xex>close</xex> as a vise.\'b8



<au>Hawthorne.</au>



<sn>15.</sn> <def>Adhering strictly to a standard or original;

exact; strict; <as>as, a <ex>close</ex> translation</as>.</def>



<au>Locke.</au>



<sn>16.</sn> <def>Accurate; careful; precise; also, attentive;

undeviating; strict; not wandering; <as>as, a <ex>close</ex>

observer</as>.</def>



<sn>17.</sn> <fld>(Phon.)</fld> <def>Uttered with a relatively

contracted opening of the mouth, as certain sounds of

<xex>e</xex> and <xex>o</xex> in French, Italian, and German; --

opposed to <xex>open</xex>.</def>



<cs><col>Close borough</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Borough</er>.</cd> -- <col>Close breeding</col>. <cd>See

under <er>Breeding</er>.</cd> -- <col>Close communion</col>,

<cd>communion in the Lord's supper, restricted to those who have

received baptism by immersion.</cd> -- <col>Close

corporation</col>, <cd>a body or corporation which fills its own

vacancies.</cd> -- <col>Close fertilization</col>.

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Fertilization</er>.</cd> --

<col>Close harmony</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>compact harmony,

in which the tones composing each chord are not widely

distributed over several octaves.</cd> -- <col>Close time</col>,

<cd>a fixed period during which killing game or catching certain

fish is prohibited by law.</cd> -- <col>Close vowel</col>

<fld>(Pron.)</fld>, <cd>a vowel which is pronounced with a

diminished aperture of the lips, or with contraction of the

cavity of the mouth.</cd> -- <col>Close to the wind</col>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>directed as nearly to the point from

which the wind blows as it is possible to sail; closehauled; --

said of a vessel.</cd></cs>



<hw>Close</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In

a close manner.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Secretly; darkly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A wondrous vision which did <qex>close</qex> imply

The course of all her fortune and posterity.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Close"-band`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Closely

united.</def>



<hw>Close"-barred`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Firmly

barred or closed.</def>



<hw>Close"-bod`ied</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Fitting

the body exactly; setting close, as a garment.</def>



<au>Ayliffe.</au>



<hw>Close"-fights`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Barriers with loopholes, formerly erected

on the deck of a vessel to shelter the men in a close engagement

with an enemy's boarders; -- called also <altname>close

quarters</altname>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Close"fist`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Covetous;

niggardly.</def>



<au>Bp. Berkeley.</au>



\'bd<qex>Closefisted</qex> contractors.\'b8

<au>Hawthorne.</au>



<hw>Close"hand`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Covetous;

penurious; stingy; closefisted.</def>  --

<wordforms><wf>Close"hand`ed*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Close"hauled`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Under way and moving as nearly as

possible toward the direction from which the wind blows; -- said

of a sailing vessel.</def>



<hw>Close"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In a close

manner.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Secretly; privately.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>That nought she did but wayle, and often steepe

Her dainty couch with tears which

<qex>closely</qex> she did weepe.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Close"mouthed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Cautious

in speaking; secret; wary; uncommunicative.</def>



<hw>Clos"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make

close.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Close"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being

close.</def>



<q>Half stifled by the <qex>closeness</qex> of the room.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<q>We rise not against the piercing judgment of Augustus, nor the

extreme caution or <qex>closeness</qex> of Tiberius.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<q>An affectation of <qex>closeness</qex> and covetousness.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Narrowness; oppressiveness; strictness; secrecy;

compactness; conciseness; nearness; intimacy; tightness;

stinginess; literalness.</syn>



<hw>Clos"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

who, or that which, closes; specifically, a boot closer. See

under <er>Boot</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A finisher; that which finishes or

terminates.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <def>The last stone in a

horizontal course, if of a less size than the others, or a piece

of brick finishing a course.</def>



<au>Gwilt.</au>



<hw>Close"reefed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Having all the reefs taken in; -- said of

a sail.</def>



<hw>Close"-stool`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A utensil

to hold a chamber vessel, for the use of the sick and infirm. It

is usually in the form of a box, with a seat and tight

cover.</def>



<hw>Clos"et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>closet</ets> little inclosure, dim. of <ets>clos</ets>. See

<er>Close</er> an inclosure.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A small room

or apartment for retirement; a room for privacy.</def>



<q>A chair-lumbered <qex>closet</qex>, just twelve feet by

nine.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<q>When thou prayest, enter into thy <qex>closet</qex>.</q>

<qau>Matt. vi. 6.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A small apartment, or recess in the side of a

room, for household utensils, clothing, etc.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<cs><col>Closet sin</col>, <cd>sin commited in privacy.</cd></cs>

<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<hw>Clos"et</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Closeting</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To shut up in, or as in, a closet; to conceal.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Bedlam's <qex>closeted</qex> and handcuffed charge.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make into a closet for a secret

interview.</def>



<q>He was to call a new legislature, to <qex>closet</qex> its

members.</q>

<qau>Bancroft.</qau>



<q>He had been <qex>closeted</qex> with De Quadra.</q>

<qau>Froude.</qau>



<hw>Close"-tongued`</hw> <pr>(<?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

Closemouthed; silent. \'bd<qex>Close-tongued</qex>

treason.\'b8</q>

<au>Shak.</au>



<-- p. 268 -->



<hw>Closh</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[CF. F.

<ets>clocher</ets> to limp, halt.]</ety> <def>A disease in the

feet of cattle; laminitis.</def>



<au>Crabb.</au>



<hw>Closh</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[CF. D. <ets>klossen</ets> to

play at bowls.]</ety> <def>The game of ninepins.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>Clo"sure</hw> <pr>(?, 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Of.

closure, L. <ets>clausura</ets>, fr. <ets>clauedere</ets> to

shut. See <er>Close</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of shutting; a closing; <as>as, the <ex>closure</ex>

of a chink</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which closes or shuts; that by which

separate parts are fastened or closed.</def>



<q>Without a seal, wafer, or any <qex>closure</qex> whatever.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which incloses or confines; an

inclosure.</def>



<q>O thou bloody prison . . . 

Within the guilty <qex>closure</qex> of thy walls

Richard the Second here was hacked to death.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A conclusion; an end.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Parliamentary Practice)</fld> <def>A method of

putting an end to debate and securing an immediate vote upon a

measure before a legislative body. It is similar in effect to

<xex>the previous question</xex>. It was first introduced into

the British House of Commons in 1882. The French word

<xex>cl\'93ture</xex> was originally applied to this

proceeding.</def>



<hw>Clot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>clot</ets>, <ets>clodde</ets>, clod; akin to D.

<ets>kloot</ets> ball, G. <ets>kloss</ets> clod, dumpling,

<ets>klotz</ets> block, Dan. <ets>klods</ets>, Sw.

<ets>klot</ets> bowl, globe, <ets>klots</ets> block; cf. AS.

<ets>cl\'bete</ets> bur. Cf. <er>Clod</er>, <pos>n.</pos>,

<er>Clutter</er> to clot.]</ety> <def>A concretion or

coagulation; esp. a soft, slimy, coagulated mass, as of blood; a

coagulum.</def> \'bd<xex>Clots</xex> of pory gore.\'b8



<au>Addison.</au>



<q>Doth bake the egg into <qex>clots</qex> as if it began to

poach.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<note><hand/ <xex>Clod</xex> and <xex>clot</xex> appear to be

radically the same word, and are so used by early writers; but in

present use <xex>clod</xex> is applied to a mass of earth or the

like, and <xex>clot</xex> to a concretion or coagulation of soft

matter.</note>



<hw>Clot</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Clotted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Clotting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To concrete, coagulate, or

thicken, as soft or fluid matter by evaporation; to become a cot

or clod.</def>



<hw>Clot</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To form into a slimy

mass.</def>



<hw>Clot"bur`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Clote</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The burdock.</def>

<mark>[Prov. Engl.]</mark>



<au>Prior.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Same as <er>Cocklebur</er>.</def>



<hw>Clote</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>cl<?/te</ets>: cf. G. <ets>klette</ets>.]</ety> <def>The

common burdock; the clotbur.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Wyclif.</au>



<hw>Cloth</hw> <pr>(?; 115)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Cloths</plw> <pr>(#; 115)</pr>, except in the sense of

garments, when it is <plw>Clothes</plw> (kl\'d3thz <or/

kl\'d3z).</plu> <ety>[OE. <ets>clath</ets> cloth, AS.

<ets>cl\'be\'ed</ets> cloth, garment; akin to D.

<ets>kleed</ets>, Icel. <ets>kl\'91\'ebi</ets>, Dan.

<ets>kl\'91de</ets>, cloth, Sw. <ets>kl\'84de</ets>, G.

<ets>kleid</ets> garment, dress.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A fabric

made of fibrous material (or sometimes of wire, as in wire

cloth); commonly, a woven fabric of cotton, woolen, or linen,

adapted to be made into garments; specifically, woolen fabrics,

as distinguished from all others.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The dress; raiment. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See

<er>Clothes</er>.</def>



<q>I'll ne'er distust my God for <qex>cloth</qex> and bread.</q>

<qau>Quarles.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The distinctive dress of any profession,

especially of the clergy; hence, the clerical profession.</def>



<q>Appeals were made to the priesthood. Would they tamely permit

so gross an insult to be offered to their <qex>cloth</qex>?</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<q>The <qex>cloth</qex>, the clergy, are constituted for

administering and for giving the best possible effect to . . .

every axiom.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<cs><col>Body cloth</col>. <cd>See under <er>Body</er>.</cd> --

<col>Cloth of gold</col>, <cd>a fabric woven wholly or partially

of threads of gold.</cd> -- <col>Cloth measure</col>, <cd>the

measure of length and surface by which cloth is measured and

sold. For this object the standard yard is usually divided into

quarters and nails.</cd> -- <col>Cloth paper</col>, <cd>a coarse

kind of paper used in pressing and finishing woolen cloth.</cd>

-- Cloth <col>shearer</col>, <cd>one who shears cloth and frees

it from superfluous nap.</cd></cs>



<hw>Clothe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Clothed</er>

<pr>(<?/)</pr> <or/ <er>Clad</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Clothing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>clathen</ets>, <ets>clothen</ets>, <ets>clethen</ets>, AS.

<ets>cl\'be\'ebian</ets>, <ets>cl\'91\'eban</ets>. See

<er>Cloth</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To put garments on; to

cover with clothing; to dress.</def>



<q>Go with me, to <qex>clothe</qex> you as becomes you.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To provide with clothes; <as>as, to feed and

<ex>clothe</ex> a family; to <ex>clothe</ex> one's self

extravagantly.</as></def>



<q>Drowsiness shall <qex>clothe</qex> a man with rags.</q>

<qau>Prov. xxiii. 21</qau>



<q>The naked every day he <qex>clad</qex>,

When he put on his clothes.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Fig.: To cover or invest, as with a garment;

<as>as, to <ex>clothe</ex> one with authority or

power</as>.</def>



<q>Language in which they can <qex>clothe</qex> their

thoughts.</q>

<qau>Watts.</qau>



<q>His sides are <qex>clothed</qex> with waving wood.</q>

<qau>J. Dyer.</qau>



<q>Thus Belial, with with words <qex>clothed</qex> in reason's

garb.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Clothe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To wear

clothes.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>



<q>Care no more to <qex>clothe</qex> eat.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Clothes</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[From <er>Cloth</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Covering for

the human body; dress; vestments; vesture; -- a general term for

whatever covering is worn, or is made to be worn, for decency or

comfort.</def>



<q>She . . . speaks well, and has excellent good

<qex>clothes</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>If I may touch but his <qex>clothes</qex>, I shall be

whole.</q>

<qau>Mark. v. 28.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The covering of a bed; bedclothes.</def>



<q>She turned each way her frighted head,

Then sunk it deep beneath the <qex>clothes</qex>.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<cs><col>Body clothes</col>. <cd>See under <er>Body</er>.</cd> --

<col>Clothes moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small moth

of the genus <spn>Tinea</spn>. The most common species (<spn>T.

flavifrontella</spn>)is yellowish white. The larv\'91 eat woolen

goods, furs, feathers, etc. They live in tubular cases made of

the material upon which they feed, fastened together with

silk.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Garments; dress; clothing; apparel; attire; vesture;

raiment; garb; costume; habit; habiliments.</syn>



<hw>Clothes"horse`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A frame

to hang clothes on.</def>



<hw>Clothes"line`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A rope or

wire on which clothes are hung to dry.</def>



<hw>Clothes"pin`</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

forked piece of wood, or a small spring clamp, used for fastening

clothes on a line.</def>



<hw>Clothes"press`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

receptacle for clothes.</def>



<hw>Cloth"ier</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who makes cloths; one who dresses or fulls cloth.</def>



<au>Hayward.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who sells cloth or clothes, or who makes and

sells clothes.</def>



<hw>Cloth"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Garments in general; clothes; dress; raiment;

covering.</def>



<q>From others he shall stand in need of nothing,

Yet on his brothers shall depend for <qex>clothing</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>As for me, . . . my <qex>clothing</qex> was sackloth.</q>

<qau>Ps. xxxv. 13</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The art of process of making cloth.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Instructing [refugees] in the art of <qex>clothing</qex>.</q>

<qau>Ray.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A covering of non-conducting material on the

outside of a boiler, or steam chamber, to prevent radiation of

heat.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Card

clothing</cref>, under 3d <er>Card</er>.</def>



<hw>Clot"hred</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. p.</pos> <def>Clottered.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Clot"poll`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Clodpoll</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Clot"ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Composed of

clots or clods; having the quality or form of a clot; sticky;

slimy; foul.</def> \'bdThe <xex>clotted</xex> glebe.\'b8



<au>J. Philips.</au>



<q>When lust . . . 

Lets in defilement to the inward parts,

The soul grows <qex>clotted</qex> by contagion.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Clot"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Clot</er>.]</ety> <def>To concrete into lumps; to clot.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Clottered</xex> blood.\'b8



<au>Chapman.</au>



<hw>Clot"ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Clot</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>Full of clots, or

clods.</def> \'bd<xex>Clotty</xex> matter.\'b8



<au>Harvey.</au>



<hw>\'d8Cl\'93`ture"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Parliamentary Practice)</fld> <def>See

<er>Closure</er>, 5.</def>



<hw>Clot"weed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Clote</er>.]</ety> <def>Cocklebur.</def>



<hw>Cloud</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. fr. AS.

<ets>cld</ets> a rock or hillock, the application arising from

the frequent resemblance of clouds to rocks or hillocks in the

sky or air.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A collection of visible

vapor, or watery particles, susponded in the upper

atmosphere.</def>



<q>I do set my bow in the <qex>cloud</qex>.</q>

<qau>Gen. ix. 13.</qau>



<note><hand/ A classification of clouds according to their chief

forms was first proposed by the meteorologist Howard, and this is

still substantially employed. The following varieties and

subvarieties are recognized: <sd>(a)</sd> <stype>Cirrus</stype>.

This is the most elevated of all the forms of clouds; is thin,

long-drawn, sometimes looking like carded wool or hair, sometimes

like a brush or room, sometimes in curl-like or fleecelike

patches. It is the <xex>cat's-tail</xex> of the sailor, and the

<xex>mare's-tail</xex> of the landsman. <sd>(b)</sd>

<stype>Cumulus</stype>. This form appears in large masses of a

hemispherical form, or nearly so, above, but flat below, one

often piled above another, forming great clouds, common in the

summer, and presenting the appearance of gigantic mountains

crowned with snow. It often affords rain and thunder gusts.

<sd>(c)</sd> <stype>Stratus</stype>. This form appears in layers

or bands extending horizontally. <sd>(d)</sd>

<stype>Nimbus</stype>. This form is characterized by its uniform

gray tint and ragged edges; it covers the sky in seasons of

continued rain, as in easterly storms, and is the proper

<xex>rain cloud</xex>. The name is sometimes used to denote a

raining cumulus, or cumulostratus. <sd>(e)</sd>

<stype>Cirro-cumulus</stype>. This form consists, like the

<xex>cirrus</xex>, of thin, broken, fleecelice clouds, but the

parts are more or less rounded and regulary grouped. It is

popularly called <xex>mackerel sky</xex>. <sd>(f)</sd>

<stype>Cirro-stratus</stype>. In this form the patches of cirrus

coalesce in long strata, between cirrus and stratus. <sd>(g)</sd>

<stype>Cumulo-stratus</stype>. A form between cumulus and

stratus, often assuming at the horizon a black or bluish tint. --

<stype>Fog</stype>, cloud, motionless, or nearly so, lying near

or in contact with the earth's surface. -- <stype>Storm

scud</stype>, cloud lying quite low, without form, and driven

rapidly with the wind.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A mass or volume of smoke, or flying dust,

resembling vapor.</def> \'bdA thick <xex>cloud</xex> of

incense.\'b8



<au>Ezek. viii. 11.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A dark vein or spot on a lighter material, as in

marble; hence, a blemish or defect; <as>as, a <ex>cloud</ex> upon

one's reputation; a <ex>cloud</ex> on a title.</as></def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>That which has a dark, lowering, or threatening

aspect; that which temporarily overshadows, obscures, or

depresses; <as>as, a <ex>cloud</ex> of sorrow; a <ex>cloud</ex>

of war; a <ex>cloud</ex> upon the intellect.</as></def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A great crowd or multitude; a vast

collection.</def> \'bdSo great a <xex>cloud</xex> of

witnesses.\'b8



<au>Heb. xii. 1.</au>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A large, loosely-knitted scarf, worn by women

about the head.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Cloud on a</col> (<it>or</it> the)

<col>title</col></mcol> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a defect of title,

usually superficial and capable of removal by release, decision

in equity, or legislation.</cd> -- <col>To be under a

cloud</col>, <cd>to be under suspicion or in disgrace; to be in

disfavor.</cd> -- <col>In the clouds</col>, <cd>in the realm of

facy and imagination; beyond reason; visionary.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cloud</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Clouded</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Clouding</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To overspread or hide with a cloud or clouds; <as>as, the

sky is <ex>clouded</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To darken or obscure, as if by hiding or

enveloping with a cloud; hence, to render gloomy or sullen.</def>



<q>One day too late, I fear me, noble lord,

Hath <qex>clouded</qex> all thy happy days on earth.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Be not disheartened, then, nor <qex>cloud</qex> those

looks.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>Nothing <qex>clouds</qex> men's minds and impairs their

honesty like prejudice.</q>

<qau>M. Arnold.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To blacken; to sully; to stain; to tarnish; to

damage; -- esp. used of reputation or character.</def>



<q>I would not be a stander-by to hear

My sovereign mistress <qex>clouded</qex> so, without

My present vengeance taken.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To mark with, or darken in, veins or sports; to

variegate with colors; as, to <qex>cloud</qex> yarn.</def>



<q>And the nice conduct of a <qex>clouded</qex> cane.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<hw>Cloud</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To grow cloudy; to become

obscure with clouds; -- often used with <xex>up</xex>.</def>



<q>Worthies, away! The scene begins to <qex>cloud</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Coud"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Mass of

clouds; cloudiness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>A scudding <qex>cloudage</qex> of shapes.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<hw>Cloud"ber`ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of raspberry (<spn>Rubus

Cham\'91merous</spn>) growing in the northern regions, and

bearing edible, amber-colored fruit.</def>



<hw>Cloud"-built</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Built of,

or in, the clouds; airy; unsubstantial; imaginary.</def>



<au>Cowper.</au>



<q>So vanished my <qex>cloud-built</qex> palace.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<hw>Cloud"-burst`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A sudden

copious rainfall, as the whole cloud had been precipitated at

once.</def>



<hw>Cloud"-capped`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

clouds resting on the top or head; reaching to the clouds;

<as>as, <ex>cloud-capped</ex> mountains</as>.</def>



<hw>Cloud"-com*pel`ler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Cloud-gatherer; -- an epithet applied to Zeus.</def>

<mark>[Poetic.]</mark>



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>Cloud"i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

cloudy manner; darkly; obscurely.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Cloud"i*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being

cloudy.</def>



<hw>Cloud"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A mottled

appearance given to ribbons and silks in the process of

dyeing.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A diversity of colors in yarn, recurring at

regular intervals.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Cloud"land`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Dreamland.</def>



<hw>Cloud"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without a cloud; clear;

bright.</def>



<q>A <qex>cloudless</qex> winter sky.</q>

<qau>Bankroft.</qau>



-- <wordforms><wf>Cloud"less*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Cloud"less*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Cloud"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A little

cloud.</def>



<au>R. Browning.</au>



<q>Eve's first star through fleecy <qex>cloudlet</qex>

peeping.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<hw>Cloud"y</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[Compar. <er>Cloudier</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>;

<pos>superl</pos>. <er>Cloudiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From

<ets>Cloud</ets>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Overcast

or obscured with clouds; clouded; as, a <qex>cloudy</qex>

sky.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Consisting of a cloud or clouds.</def>



<q>As Moses entered into the tabernacle, the <qex>cloudy</qex>

pillar descended.</q>

<qau>Ex. xxxiii. 9</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Indicating gloom, anxiety, sullenness, or

ill-nature; not open or cheerful.</def> \'bdA <xex>cloudy

</xex>countenance.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Confused; indistinct; obscure; dark.</def>



<q><qex>Cloudy</qex> and confused notions of things.</q>

<qau>Watts.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Lacking clearness, brightness, or luster.</def>

\'bdA <xex>cloudy</xex> diamond.\'b8



<au>Boyle.</au>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Marked with veins or sports of dark or various

hues, as marble.</def>



<hw>Clough</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>clough</ets>, <ets>cloghe</ets>, <ets>clou</ets>,

<ets>clewch</ets>, AS. (assumed) <ets>cl\'d3h</ets>, akin to G.

<ets>klinge</ets> ravine.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A cleft in a

hill; a ravine; a narrow valley.</def>



<au>Nares.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A sluice used in returning water to a channel

after depositing its sediment on the flooded land.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Clough</hw> <pr>(?; 115)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>An allowance in weighing. See

<er>Cloff</er>.</def>



<hw>Clout</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>cl\'d4t</ets> a little cloth, piece of metal; cf. Sw.

<ets>klut</ets>, Icel. <ets>kl\'d4tr</ets> a kerchief, or W.

<ets>clwt</ets> a clout, Gael. <ets>clud</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A cloth; a piece of cloth or leather; a patch; a

rag.</def>



<q>His garments, nought but many ragged <qex>clouts</qex>,

With thorns together pinned and patched was.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<q>A <qex>clout</qex> upon that head where late the diadem

stood.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A swadding cloth.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A piece; a fragment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The center of the butt at which archers shoot;

-- probably once a piece of white cloth or a nail head.</def>



<q>A'must shoot nearer or he'll ne'er hit the

<qex>clout</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>An iron plate on an axletree or other wood to

keep it from wearing; a washer.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A blow with the hand.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>



<cs><col>Clout nail</col>, <cd>a kind of wrought-iron nail

heaving a large flat head; -- used for fastening clouts to

axletrees, plowshares, etc., also for studding timber, and for

various purposes.</cd></cs>



<hw>Clout</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Clouted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Clouting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>clutien</ets>.

<ets>clouten</ets>, to patch. See <er>Clout</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cover with cloth,

leather, or other material; to bandage; patch, or mend, with a

clout.</def>



<q>And old shoes and <qex>clouted</qex> upon their feet.</q>

<qau>Josh. ix. 5.</qau>



<q>Paul, yea, and Peter, too, had more skill in . . .

<qex>clouting</qex> an old tent than to teach lawyers.</q>

<qau>Latimer.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To join or patch clumsily.</def>



<q>If fond Bavius vent his <qex>clouted</qex> song.</q>

<qau>P. Fletcher</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To quard with an iron plate, as an

axletree.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To give a blow to; to strike.</def>

<mark>[Low]</mark>



<q>The . . . queen of Spain took off one of her chopines and

<qex>clouted</qex> Olivarez about the noddle with it.</q>

<qau>Howell.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To stud with nails, as a timber, or a boot

sole.</def>



<cs><col>Clouted cream</col>, <cd>clotted cream, <xex>i<xex>.

<xex>e<xex>., cream obtained by warming new milk.</cd></cs>



<au>A. Philips.</au>



<note><hand/ \'bd<xex>Clouted</xex> brogues\'b8 in Shakespeare

and \'bd<xex>clouted</xex> shoon\'b8 in Milton have been

understood by some to mean shoes armed with nails; by others,

patched shoes.</note>



<hw>Clout"er*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Clout</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>Clumsy; awkward.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Rough-hewn, <qex>cloutery</qex> verses.</q>

<qau>E. Phillips.</qau>



<hw>Clove</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp.</pos> of

<er>Cleave</er>. Cleft.</def>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<cs><col>Clove hitch</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>See under

<er>Hitch</er>.</cd> -- <col>Clove hook</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>,

<cd>an iron two-part hook, with jaws overlapping, used in bending

chain sheets to the clews of sails; -- called also <altname>clip

hook</altname>.</cd></cs>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Clove</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D. <ets>kloof</ets>. See

<er>Cleave</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>A cleft; a gap; a

ravine; -- rarely used except as part of a proper name; <as>as,

Kaaterskill <ex>Clove</ex>; Stone <ex>Clove</ex>.</as></def>



<hw>Clove</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>clow</ets>, fr. F.

<ets>clou</ets> nail, <ets>clou de girofle</ets> a clove, lit.

nail of clove, fr. L. <ets>clavus</ets> nail, perh. akin to

<ets>clavis</ets> key, E. <ets>clavicle</ets>. The clove was so

called from its resemblance to a nail. So in D.

<ets>kruidnagel</ets> clove, lit. <ets>herb-nail</ets> or

<ets>spice-nail</ets>. Cf. <er>Cloy</er>.]</ety> <def>A very

pungent aromatic spice, the unexpanded flower bud of the clove

tree (<spn>Eugenia, <or/ Caryophullus, aromatica</spn>), a native

of the Molucca Isles.</def>



<cs><col>Clove camphor</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See

<er>Eugenin</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Clove gillyflower</col>,

<col>Clove pink</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>any fragrant

self-colored carnation.</cd></cs>



<hw>Clove</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>clufe</ets> an ear

of corn, a clove of garlic; cf. <ets>cle\'a2fan</ets> to split,

E. <ets>cleave</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>One of the small bulbs developed in the axils of the scales

of a large bulb, as in the case of garlic.</def>



<q>Developing, in the axils of its skales, new bulbs, of what

gardeners call <qex>cloves</qex>.</q>

<qau>Lindley.</qau>



<-- p. 269 -->



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A weight. A <xex>clove</xex> of cheese is about

eight pounds, of wool, about seven pounds.</def> <mark>[Prov.

Eng.]</mark>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>Clo"ven</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. p. & a.</pos> <def>from

<er>Cleave</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos></def>



<cs><mcol><col>To show the cloven foot</col> <or/

<col>hoof</col></mcol>, <cd>to reveal a devilish character, or

betray an evil purpose, notwithstanding disguises, -- Satan being

represented dramatically and symbolically as having cloven

hoofs.</cd></cs>



<mhw>{ <hw>Clo"ven-foot`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Clo"ven-hoofed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Having the foot or hoof divided into two parts, as the

ox.</def>



<hw>Clo"ver</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>claver</ets>, <ets>clover</ets>, AS. <ets>cl<?/fre</ets>;

akin to LG. & Dan. <ets>klever</ets>, D. <ets>klaver</ets>, G.

<ets>klee</ets>, Sw. <ets>kl<?/fver</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of differend species of the genus

<spn>Trifolium</spn>; as the common red clover, <spn>T.

pratense</spn>, the white, <spn>T. repens</spn>, and the hare's

foot, <spn>T. arvense</spn>.</def>



<cs><col>Clover weevil</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>a small

weevil (<spn>Apion apricans</spn>), that destroys the seeds of

clover.</cd> -- <col>Clover worm</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,

<cd>the larva of a small moth (<spn>Asopia costalis</spn>), often

very destructive to clover hay.</cd> -- <col>In clover</col>, in

very pleasant circumstances; fortunate. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> --

<col>Sweet clover</col></mcol>. <cd>See

<er>Meliot</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Clo"vered</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Covered with

growing clover.</def>



<q>Flocks thick nibbling through the <qex>clovered</qex>

vale.</q>

<qau>Thomson.</qau>



<hw>Clowe"-gi*lof`re</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

3d <er>Clove</er>, and <er>Gilliflower</er>.]</ety> <def>Spice

clove.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Clown</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Icel.

<ets>klunni</ets> a clumsy, boorish fellow, North Fries.

<ets>kl<?/nne</ets> clown, dial. Sw. <ets>klunn</ets> log, Dan.

<ets>klunt</ets> log block, and E. <ets>clump</ets>, n.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A man of coarse nature and manners; an awkward

fellow; an illbred person; a boor.</def>



<au>Sir P. Sidney.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who works upon the soil; a rustic; a

churl.</def>



<q>The <qex>clown</qex>, the child of nature, without guile.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The fool or buffoon in a play, circus,

etc.</def>



<q>The <qex>clown</qex> shall make those laugh whose lungs are

tickle o'the sere.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Clown</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To act as a clown; -- with

<xex>it</xex></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Be<?/hrew me, he <qex>clowns</qex> it properly indeed.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<hw>Clown"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Behavior or

manners of a clown; clownery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Clown"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Clownishness.</def>



<au>L'Estrange.</au>



<hw>Clown"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or resembling a clown,

or characteristic of a clown; ungainly; awkward.</def>

\'bd<xex>Clownish</xex> hands.\'b8 <au>Spenser.</au>

\'bd<qex>Clownish</qex> mimic.\'b8 <au>Prior.</au>



-- <wordforms><wf>Clown"ish*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<syn>Syn. -- Coarse; rough; clumsy; awkward; ungainly; rude;

uncivil; ill-bred; boorish; rustic; untutored.</syn>



<hw>Clown"ish*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The manners of a

clown; coarseness or rudeness of behavior.</def>



<q>That plainness which the alamode people call

<qex>clownishness</qex>.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<hw>Cloy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Cloyed</er>

<pr>(kloid)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Cloying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>cloer</ets> to nail

up, F. <ets>clouer</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>clo</ets> nail, F.

<ets>clou</ets>, fr. L. <ets>clavus</ets> nail. Cf. 3d

<er>Clove</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To fill or choke up; to

stop up; to clog.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The duke's purpose was to have <qex>cloyed</qex> the harbor by

sinking ships, laden with stones.</q>

<qau>Speed.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To glut, or satisfy, as the appetite; to

satiate; to fill to loathing; to surfeit.</def>



<q>[Who can] <qex>cloy</qex> the hungry edge of appetite

By bare imagination of a feast?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>He sometimes <qex>cloys</qex> his readers instead of

satisfying.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To penetrate or pierce; to wound.</def>



<q>Which, with his cruel tusk, him deadly <qex>cloyed</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<q>He never shod horse but he <qex>cloyed</qex> him.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To spike, as a cannon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To stroke with a claw.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Cloy"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That does not cloy.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Cloy"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Satiety.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Club</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[CF. Icel.

<ets>klubba</ets>, <ets>klumba</ets>, club,

<ets>klumbuf<?/ir</ets> a clubfoot, SW. <ets>klubba</ets> club,

Dan. <ets>klump</ets> lump, <ets>klub</ets> a club, G.

<ets>klumpen</ets> clump, <ets>kolben</ets> club, and E.

<ets>clump</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A heavy staff of wood,

usually tapering, and wielded the hand; a weapon; a cudgel.</def>



<q>But make you ready your stiff bats and <qex>clubs</qex>;

Rome and her rats are at the point of battle.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[Cf. the Spanish name <ets>bastos,</ets> and Sp.

<ets>baston</ets> staff, club.]</ety> <def>Any card of the suit

of cards having a figure like the trefoil or clover leaf.

(<pluf>pl.</pluf>) The suit of cards having such figure.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An association of persons for the promotion of

some common object, as literature, science, politics, good

fellowship, etc.; esp. an association supported by equal

assessments or contributions of the members.</def>



<q>They talked

At wine, in <qex>clubs</qex>, of art, of politics.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<q>He [Goldsmith] was one of the nine original members of that

celebrated fraternity which has sometimes been called the

Literary <qex>Club</qex>, but which has always disclaimed that

epithet, and still glories in the simple name of the

<qex>Club</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A joint charge of expense, or any person's share

of it; a contribution to a common fund.</def>



<q>They laid down the <qex>club</qex>.</q>

<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>



<q>We dined at a French house, but paid ten shillings for our

part of the <qex>club</qex>.</q>

<qau>Pepys.</qau>



<cs><col>Club law</col>, <cd>government by violence; lynch law;

anarchy.</cd></cs>



<au>Addison. -</au>



<cs><col>Club moss</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an evergreen

mosslike plant, much used in winter decoration. The best know

species is <spn>Lycopodium clavatum</spn>, but other

<spn>Lycopodia</spn> are often called by this name. The spores

form a highly inflammable powder.</cd> -- <col>Club root</col>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a disease of cabbages, by which the roots

become distorted and the heads spoiled.</cd> -- <col>Club

topsail</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of gaff topsail,

used mostly by yachts having a fore-and-aft rig. It has a short

\'bdclub\'b8 or \'bdjack yard\'b8 to increase its

spread.</cd></cs>



<hw>Club</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Clubbed</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Clubbing</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To beat with a

club.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To throw, or allow to fall,

into confusion.</def>



<q>To <qex>club</qex> a battalion implies a temporary inability

in the commanding officer to restore any given body of men to

their natural front in line or column.</q>

<qau>Farrow.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To unite, or contribute, for the accomplishment

of a common end; <as>as, to <ex>club</ex> exertions</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To raise, or defray, by a proportional

assesment; <as>as, to <ex>club</ex> the expense</as>.</def>



<cs><col>To club a musket</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>to turn

the breach uppermost, so as to use it as a club.</cd></cs>



<hw>Club</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

form a club; to combine for the promotion of some common object;

to unite.</def>



<q>Till grosser atoms, tumbling in the stream

Of fancy, madly met, and <qex>clubbed</qex> into a dream.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To pay on equal or proportionate share of a

common charge or expense; to pay for something by

contribution.</def>



<q>The owl, the raven, and the bat,

<qex>Clubbed</qex> for a feather to his hat.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To drift in a current with an

anchor out.</def>



<hw>Club"ba*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Suitable

for membership in a club; sociable.</def>

<mark>[Humorous.]</mark>



<au>G. W. Curtis.</au>



<hw>Clubbed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Shaped like a

club; grasped like, or used as, a club.</def>



<au>Skelton.</au>



<hw>Club"ber</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who clubs.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A member of a club.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Massinger.</au>



<hw>Club"bish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Rude; clownish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Disposed to club together; <as>as, a

<ex>clubbish</ex> set</as>.</def>



<hw>Club"bist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A member of a

club; a frequenter of clubs.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Burke.</au>



<hw>Club"fist`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A large, heavy fist.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A coarse, brutal fellow.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Mir. for Mag.</au>



<hw>Club"fist`ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a large

fist.</def>



<au>Howell.</au>



<hw>Club"foot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Club</ets> + <ets>foot</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>A short, variously distorted foot; also, the deformity,

usually congenital, which such a foot exhibits; talipes.</def>



<hw>Club"foot`ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a

clubfoot.</def>



<hw>Club"hand`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>A short, distorted hand; also, the deformity of having such

a hand.</def>



<hw>Club"haul`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To put on the other tack by dropping the

lee anchor as soon as the wind is out of the sails (which brings

the vessel's head to the wind), and by cutting the cable as soon

as she pays off on the other tack. Clubhauling is attempted only

in an exigency.</def>



<hw>Club"house`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A house

occupied by a club.</def>



<hw>Club"room`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

apartment in which a club meets.</def>



<au>Addison.</au>



<hw>Club"-rush`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A rushlike plant, the reed mace or

cat-tail, or some species of the genus <spn>Scirpus</spn>. See

<er>Bulrush</er>.</def>



<hw>Club"-shaped</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Enlarged

gradually at the end, as the antenn\'91 of certain insects.</def>



<hw>Cluck</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Clucked</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Clucking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>cloccian</ets>;

cf. D. <ets>klokken</ets>, G. <ets>glucken</ets>,

<ets>glucksen</ets>, LG. <ets>klukken</ets>, Dan.

<ets>klukke</ets>; all prob. of imitative origin.]</ety> <def>To

make the noise, or utter the call, of a brooding hen.</def>



<au>Ray.</au>



<hw>Cluck</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To call together, or call

to follow, as a hen does her chickens.</def>



<q>She, poor hen, fond of no second brood,

Has <qex>clucked</qex> three to the wars.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Cluck</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The call of a hen

to her chickens.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A click. See 3d <er>Click</er>, 2.</def>



<hw>Cluck"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The noise or call of a

brooding hen.</def>



<hw>Clue</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Clew</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>A ball of thread; a

thread or other means of guidance. Same as <er>Clew</er>.</def>



<q>You have wound a goodly <qex>clue</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>This <qex>clue</qex> once found unravels all the rest.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<q>Serve as <qex>clues</qex> to guide us into further

knowledge.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<hw>Clum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>interj.</pos> <def>Silence;

hush.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Clum"ber</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Named from

the estate of the Duke of Newcastle.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A kind of field spaniel, with short legs and stout body,

which, unlike other spaniels, hunts silently.</def>



<hw>Clump</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. D.

<ets>klomp</ets> lump, G. <ets>klump</ets>, <ets>klumpen</ets>,

Dan. <ets>klump</ets>, Sw. <ets>kllimp</ets>; perh. akin to L.

<ets>globus</ets>, E. <ets>globe</ets>. Cf. <er>Club</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>An unshaped piece or mass of wood or other

substance.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A cluster; a group; a thicket.</def>



<q>A <qex>clump</qex> of shrubby trees.</q>

<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The compressed clay of coal strata.</def>



<au>Brande & C.</au>



<hw>Clump</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To arrange in a clump or

clumps; to cluster; to group.</def>



<au>Blackmore.</au>



<hw>Clump</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To tread clumsily; to

clamp.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>Clump"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. G.

<ets>kl\'81mpern</ets> to clod. See <er>Clump</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>To form into clumps or masses.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Vapors . . . <qex>clumpered</qex> in balls of clouds.</q>

<qau>Dr. H. More.</qau>



<hw>Clumps</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A game in which

questions are asked for the purpose of enabling the questioners

to discover a word or thing previously selected by two persons

who answer the questions; -- so called because the players take

sides in two \'bdclumps\'b8 or groups, the \'bdclump\'b8 which

guesses the word winning the game.</def>



<hw>Clump"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Clump</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>Composed of clumps;

massive; shapeless.</def>



<au>Leigh Hunt.</au>



<hw>Clum"si*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

clumsy manner; awkwardly; <as>as, to walk

<ex>clumsily</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Clum"si*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

clusy.</def>



<q>The drudging part of life is chiefly owing to

<qex>clumsiness</qex> and ignorance.</q>

<qau>Collier.</qau>



<hw>Clum"sy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Clumsier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Clumsiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>clumsed</ets> benumbed, fr. <ets>clumsen</ets> to be

benumbed; cf. Icel. <ets>klumsa</ets> lockjaw, dial. Sw.

<ets>klummsen</ets> benumbed with cold. Cf. 1st <er>Clam</er>,

and 1st <er>Clamp</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Stiff or

benumbed, as with cold.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Without skill or grace; wanting dexterity,

nimbleness, or readiness; stiff; awkward, as if benumbed;

unwieldy; unhandy; hence; ill-made, misshapen, or inappropriate;

<as>as, a <ex>clumsy</ex> person; a <ex>clumsy</ex> workman;

<ex>clumsy</ex> fingers; a <ex>clumsy</ex> gesture; a

<ex>clumsy</ex> excuse.</as></def>



<q>But thou in <qex>clumsy</qex> verse, unlicked, unpointed,

Hast shamefully defied the Lord's anointed.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Awkward</er>.</syn>



<hw>Clunch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Perh. fr.

<ets>clinch</ets> to make fast]</ety> <def>.</def>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>Indurated clay. See

<er>Bind</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 3.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One of the hard beds of the lower chalk.</def>



<au>Dana.</au>



<hw>Clung</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of

<er>Cling</er>.</def>



<hw>Clung</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Prop. p. p. fr. OE.

<ets>clingen</ets> to wither. See <er>Cling</er>, <pos>v.

i.</pos>]</ety> <def>Wasted away; shrunken.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Clu"ni*ac</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Eccl.

Hist.)</fld> <def>A monk of the reformed branch of the

Benedictine Order, founded in 912 at Cluny (or Clugny) in France.

-- Also used as <pos>a.</pos></def>



<hw>Clu`ni*a*cen"sian</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Cluniac.</def>



<hw>Clu"pe*oid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L.<ets>clupea</ets> a kind of fish, NL., generic name of

the herring + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>Of or pertaining to the Herring family.</def>



<hw>Clus"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>cluster</ets>, <ets>clyster</ets>; cf. LG.

<ets>kluster</ets> (also Sw. & Dan. <ets>klase</ets> a cluster of

grapes, D. <ets>klissen</ets> to be entangled?.)]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A number of things of the same kind growing

together; a bunch.</def>



<q>Her deeds were like great <qex>clusters</qex> of ripe grapes,

Which load the bunches of the fruitful vine.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A number of similar things collected together or

lying contiguous; a group; <as>as, a <ex>cluster</ex> of

islands</as>.</def> \'bd<xex>Cluster</xex> of provinces.\'b8



<au>Motley.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A number of individuals grouped together or

collected in one place; a crowd; a mob.</def>



<q>As bees . . . 

Pour forth their populous youth about the hive

In <qex>clusters</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>We loved him; but, like beasts

And cowardly nobles, gave way unto your <qex>clusters</qex>,

Who did hoot him out o' the city.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Clus"ter</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Clustered</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Clustering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To grow in

clusters or assemble in groups; to gather or unite in a cluster

or clusters.</def>



<q>His sunny hair

<qex>Cluster'd</qex> about his temples, like a god's.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<q>The princes of the country <qex>clustering</qex> together.</q>

<qau>Foxe.</qau>



<hw>Clus"ter</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To collect into a

cluster or clusters; to gather into a bunch or close body.</def>



<q>Not less the bee would range her cells, . . . 

The foxglove <qex>cluster</qex> dappled bells.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<q>Or from the forest falls the <qex>clustered</qex> snow.</q>

<qau>Thomson.</qau>



<cs><col>Clustered column</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a column

which is composed, or appears to be composed, of several columns

collected together.</cd></cs>



<hw>Clus"ter*ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In clusters.</def>



<hw>Clus"ter*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Cluster</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>Growing in, or full

of, clusters; like clusters.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Clutch</hw> <pr>(kl\'dcch; 224)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>cloche</ets>, <ets>cloke</ets>, claw, Scot.

<ets>clook</ets>, <ets>cleuck</ets>, also OE. <ets>cleche</ets>

claw, <ets>clechen</ets>, <ets>cleken</ets>, to seize; cf. AS.

<ets>gel\'91ccan</ets> (where <ets>ge-</ets> is a prefix) to

seize. Cf. <er>Latch</er> a catch.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

gripe or clinching with, or as with, the fingers or claws;

seizure; grasp.</def> \'bdThe <xex>clutch</xex> of poverty.\'b8



<au>Cowper.</au>



<q>An expiring <qex>clutch</qex> at popularity.</q>

<qau>Carlyle.</qau>



<q>But Age, with his stealing steps,

Hath clawed me in his <qex>clutch</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The hands, claws, or talons, in

the act of grasping firmly; -- often figuratively, for power,

rapacity, or cruelty; <as>as, to fall into the <ex>clutches</ex>

of an adversary</as>.</def>



<q>I must have . . . little care of myself, if I ever more come

near the <qex>clutches</qex> of such a giant.</q>

<qau>Bp. Stillingfleet.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A device which is used for

coupling shafting, etc., so as to transmit motion, and which may

be disengaged at pleasure.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Any device for gripping an object, as at the end

of a chain or tackle.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The nest complement of

eggs of a bird.</def>



<cs><col>Bayonet clutch</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a clutch in

which connection is made by means of bayonets attached to arms

sliding on a feathered shaft. The bayonets slide through holes in

a crosshead fastened on the shaft.</cd></cs>



<hw>Clutch</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Clutched</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Clutching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>clucchen</ets>. See <er>Clutch</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To seize, clasp, or gripe with the hand, hands,

or claws; -- often figuratively; <as>as, to <ex>clutch</ex>

power</as>.</def>



<q>A man may set the poles together in his head, and

<qex>clutch</qex> the whole globe at one intellectual grasp.</q>

<qau>Collier.</qau>



<q>Is this a dagger which I see before me . . . ?

Come, let me <qex>clutch</qex> thee.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To close tightly; to clinch.</def>



<q>Not that I have the power to <qex>clutch</qex> my hand.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Clutch</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To reach (at something) as

if to grasp; to catch or snatch; -- often followed by

<xex>at</xex>.</def>



<q><qex>Clutching</qex> at the phantoms of the stock market.</q>

<qau>Bankroft.</qau>



<hw>Clut"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. W.

<ets>cludair</ets> heap, pile, <ets>cludeirio</ets> to

heap.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A confused collection; hence,

confusion; disorder; <as>as, the room is in a

<ex>clutter</ex></as>.</def>



<q>He saw what a <qex>clutter</qex> there was with huge,

overgrown pots, pans, and spits.</q>

<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Clatter; confused noise.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>Clut"ter</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Cluttered</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Cluttering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To crowd together

in disorder; to fill or cover with things in disorder; to throw

into disorder; to disarrange; <as>as, to <ex>clutter</ex> a

room</as>.</def>



<hw>Clut"ter</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To make a confused

noise; to bustle.</def>



<q>It [the goose] <qex>cluttered</qex> here, it chuckled

there.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Clut"ter</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[From <er>Clod</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>To clot or coagulate, as blood.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Holland.</au>



<hw>Clyp`e*as"troid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[NL.

<ets>Clypeaster</ets> (L. <ets>clupeus</ets> shield +

<ets>aster</ets> star) + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or related to the genus

<spn>Clupeaster</spn>; -- applied to a group of flattened sea

urchins, with a rosette of pores on the upper side.</def>



<-- p. 270 -->



<hw>Clyp"e*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>clupeatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>clupeare</ets> to arm with a

shield, fr. <ets>clupeus</ets>, <ets>clipeus</ets> shield.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Shaped like a round buckler or

shield; scutate.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Furnished with a shield,

or a protective plate or shell.</def>



<hw>Clyp"e*i*form`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>clupeus</ets> shield + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Shield-shaped; clypeate.</def>



<hw>\'d8Clyp"e*us</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Clypei</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L., a shield.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The frontal plate of the head of an

insect.</def>



<hw>Clys"mi*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a

place washed by the waves, fr. <?/. See <er>Clyster</er>.]</ety>

<def>Connected with, or related to, the deluge, or to a

cataclysm; <as>as, <ex>clysmian</ex> changes</as>.</def>



<au>Smart.</au>



<hw>Clys"mic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Washing;

cleansing.</def>



<hw>Clys"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr. G.

<?/. fr. <?/ to wash off or out; akin to Goth.

<ets>hl\'d4trs</ets> pure, G. <ets>lauter</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>clyst\'8are</ets>]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A liquid

injected into the lower intestines by means of a syringe; an

injection; an enema.</def>



<cs><col>Clyster pipe</col>, <cd>a tube or pipe used for

injections.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cne"mi*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the

tibia.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the shin

bone.</def>



<cs><col>Cnemial crest</col>, <cd>a crestlike prominence on the

proximal end of the tibia of birds and some reptiles.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Cni"da</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Cnid\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/

nettle, sea nettle.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the

peculiar stinging, cells found in C\'d2lenterata; a nematocyst; a

lasso cell.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cni*da"ri*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>,

<plu>pl.</plu> <ety>[NL. See <er>Cnida</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A comprehensive group equivalent to

the true C\'d2lenterata, <it>i.e.</it>, exclusive of the sponges.

They are so named from presence of stinging cells

(<xex>cnidae</xex>) in the tissues. See

<er>Coelenterata</er>.</def>



<hw>Cni"do*blast</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cnida</ets> + <ets>-blast</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the cells which, in the

C\'d2lenterata, develop into cnid\'91.</def>



<hw>Cni"do*cil</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cnida</ets> + <ets>cilium</ets> eyelash.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The fine filiform process of a

cnidoblast.</def>



<hw>Co-</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>. <def>A form of the prefix

<xex>com-</xex>, signifying <xex>with</xex>, <xex>together</xex>,

<xex>in conjunction</xex>, <xex>joint</xex>. It is used before

vowels and some consonants. See <er>Com-</er>.</def>



<hw>Co`a*cer"vate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>coacervatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>coacervare</ets> to heap

up; <ets>co-</ets> + <ets>acervare</ets>. See

<er>Acervate</er>.]</ety> <def>Raised into a pile; collected into

a crowd; heaped.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Co`a*cer"vate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

heap up; to pile.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Co*ac`er*va"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>coacervatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A heaping together.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Coach</hw> <pr>(?; 224)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>coche</ets>, fr. It. <ets>cocchio</ets>, dim. of

<ets>cocca</ets> little boat, fr. L. <ets>concha</ets> mussel,

mussel shell, Gr. <?/, akin to Skr. <ets>\'87ankha</ets>. Cf.

<er>Conch</er>, <er>Cockboat</er>, <er>Cockle</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A large, closed, four-wheeled carriage, having

doors in the sides, and generally a front and back seat inside,

each for two persons, and an elevated outside seat in front for

the driver.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Coaches</xex> have a variety of forms, and

differ in respect to the number of persons they can carry.

<xex>Mail coaches</xex> and <xex>tallyho coaches</xex> often have

three or more seats inside, each for two or three persons, and

seats outside, sometimes for twelve or more.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A special tutor who assists in preparing a

student for examination; a trainer; esp. one who trains a boat's

crew for a race.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<q>Wareham was studying for India with a Wancester

<qex>coach</qex>.</q>

<qau>G. Eliot.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A cabin on the after part of

the quarterdeck, usually occupied by the captain.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>couch</asp>.]</altsp>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The commanders came on board and the council sat in the

<qex>coach</qex>.</q>

<qau>Pepys.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Railroad)</fld> <def>A first-class passenger

car, as distinguished from a drawing-room car, sleeping car, etc.

It is sometimes loosely applied to any passenger car.</def>



<hw>Coach</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Coached</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Coaching</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

convey in a coach.</def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To prepare for public examination by private

instruction; to train by special instruction.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<q>I <qex>coached</qex> him before he got his scholarship.</q>

<qau>G. Eliot.</qau>



<hw>Coach</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To drive or to ride in a

coach; -- sometimes used with</def> <xex>it</xex>.

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Coaching</xex> it to all

quarters.\'b8



<au>E. Waterhouse.</au>



<hw>Coach"box`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>The seat of a

coachman.</def>



<hw>Coach"dog`</hw> <pr>(?; 115)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>One of a breed of dogs trained to accompany carriages; the

Dalmatian dog.</def>



<hw>Coach"ee</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

coachman</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>



<hw>Coach"fel`low</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One of a

pair of horses employed to draw a coach; hence

<mark>(Fig.)</mark>, a comrade.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Coach"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Coachmen</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A man

whose business is to drive a coach or carriage.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A tropical fish of the

Atlantic ocean (<spn>Dutes auriga</spn>); -- called also

<altname>charioteer</altname>. The name refers to a long,

lashlike spine of the dorsal fin.</def>



<hw>Coach"man*ship</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Skill in

driving a coach.</def>



<hw>Coach"whip` snake"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A large, slender, harmless snake of the southern United

States (<spn>Masticophis flagelliformis</spn>).</def>



<note><hand/ Its long and tapering tail has the scales so

arranged and colored as to give it a braided appearance, whence

the name.</note>



<hw>Co*act"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>coactare</ets>, intens. fr. <ets>cogere</ets>,

<ets>coactum</ets>, to force. See <er>Cogent</er>.]</ety> <def>To

force; to compel; to drive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The faith and service of Christ ought to be voluntary and not

<qex>coacted</qex>.</q>

<qau>Foxe.</qau>



<hw>Co*act"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>co-</ets> +

<ets>act</ets>, v.i.]</ety> <def>To act together; to work in

concert; to unite.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>But if I tell you how these two did <qex>coact</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Co*ac"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>coactio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Force; compulsion, either in

restraining or impelling.</def>



<au>Sojth.</au>



<hw>Co*ac"tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[In sense 1,

fr. 1st <er>Coact</er>; in sense 2, fr. 2d <er>Coact</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Serving to compel or constrain; compulsory;

restrictive.</def>



<q>Any <qex>coactive</qex> power or the civil kind.</q>

<qau>Bp. Warburton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Acting in concurrence; united in action.</def>



<q>With what's unreal thou <qex>coactive</qex> art.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Co*ac"tive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a coactive

manner.</def>



<hw>Co`ac*tiv"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Unity of

action.</def>



<hw>Co*ad`ap*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Mutual

adaption.</def>



<au>R. Owen.</au>



<hw>Co`a*dapt"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Adapted

one to another; <as>as, <ex>coadapted</ex> pulp and

tooth</as>.</def>



<au>R. Owen.</au>



<hw>Co*ad"ju*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Mutual

help; co\'94peration.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Co`ad*just"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

adjust by mutual adaptations.</def>



<au>R. Owen.</au>



<hw>Co`ad*just"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Mutual

adjustment.</def>



<hw>Co*ad"ju*tant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Mutually

assisting or operating; helping.</def>



<au>J. Philips.</au>



<hw>Co*ad"ju*tant</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An assistant.</def>



<au>R. North.</au>



<hw>Co*ad"ju*ting</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Mutually

assisting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Drayton.</au>



<hw>Co*ad"ju*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Rendering

mutual aid; coadjutant.</def>



<au>Feltham.</au>



<hw>Co`ad*ju"tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. See

<er>Co</er>-, and <er>Aid</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who

aids another; an assistant; a coworker.</def>



<q>Craftily outwitting her perjured <qex>coadjutor</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sheridan.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>The assistant of a bishop

or of a priest holding a benefice.</def>



<hw>Co`ad*ju"tor*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or

office of a coadjutor; joint assistance.</def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Co`ad*ju"tress</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Co`ad*ju"trix</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

female coadjutor or assistant.</def>



<au>Holland. Smollett.</au>



<hw>Co*ad"ju*van*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Joint

help; co\'94peration.</def>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Co*ad"ju*vant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Co\'94perating.</def>



<hw>Co*ad"ju*vant</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An

adjuvant.</def>



<hw>Co*ad"u*nate</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>coadunatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>coadunare</ets> to unite.

See <er>Adunation</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>United at

the base, as contiguous lobes of a leaf.</def>



<hw>Co*ad`u*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>coadunatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Union, as in one body or mass;

unity.</def>



<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>



<q>The <qex>coadunation</qex> of all the civilized provinces.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<hw>Co*ad`u*ni"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>co-</ets> + pref. <ets>ad-</ets> +

<ets>unition</ets>.]</ety> <def>Coadunation.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Sir M. Hale.</au>



<hw>Co`ad*ven"ture</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

adventure in which two or more persons are partakers.</def>



<hw>Co`ad*ven"ture</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To share in a

venture.</def>



<au>Howell.</au>



<hw>Co`ad*ven"tur*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

fellow adventurer.</def>



<hw>Co`af*for"est</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

convert into, or add to, a forest.</def>



<au>Howell.</au>



<hw>Coag</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Coak</er>,

a kind of tenon.</def>



<hw>Co*a"gen*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Agency in

common; joint agency or agent.</def>



<au>Coleridge.</au>



<hw>Co*a"gent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An associate

in an act; a coworker.</def>



<au>Drayton.</au>



<hw>Co`ag*ment"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>coagmentare</ets>, fr. <ets>coagmentum</ets> a joining

together, fr. <ets>cogere</ets>. See <er>Cogent</er>.]</ety>

<def>To join together.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Glanvill.</au>



<hw>Co*ag`men*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>coagmentatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of joining, or the

state of being joined, together; union.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Co*ag`u*la*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality of being coagulable; capacity of being coagulated.</def>



<au>Ure.</au>



<hw>Co*ag"u*la*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of being coagulated.</def>



<au>Boyle.</au>



<hw>Co*ag"u*lant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>coagulans</ets>, p. pr.]</ety> <def>That which produces

coagulation.</def>



<hw>Co*ag"u*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>coagulatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>coagulare</ets> to

coagulate, fr. <ets>coagulum</ets> means of coagulation, fr.

<ets>cogere</ets>, <ets>coactum</ets>, to drive together,

coagulate. See <er>Cogent</er>.]</ety> <def>Coagulated.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Co*ag"u*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Coagulated</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Coagulating</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To cause (a liquid) to change

into a curdlike or semisolid state, not by evaporation but by

some kind of chemical reaction; to curdle; <as>as, rennet

<ex>coagulates</ex> milk; heat <ex>coagulates</ex> the white of

an egg.</as></def>



<hw>Co*ag"u*late</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To undergo

coagulation.</def>



<au>Boyle.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- To thicken; concrete; curdle; clot; congeal.</syn>



<hw>Co*ag"u*la`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Changed

into, or contained in, a coagulum or a curdlike mass;

curdled.</def>



<cs><col>Coagulated proteid</col> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld>,

<cd>one of a class of bodies formed in the coagulation of a

albuminous substance by heat, acids, or other agents.</cd></cs>



<hw>Co*ag`u*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>coagulatio</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The change from a

liquid to a thickened, curdlike, insoluble state, not by

evaporation, but by some kind of chemical reaction; <as>as, the

spontaneous <ex>coagulation</ex> of freshly drawn blood; the

<ex>coagulation</ex> of milk by rennet, or acid, and the

<ex>coagulation</ex> of egg albumin by heat</as>.  Coagulation is

generally the change of an albuminous body into an insoluble

modification.</def>

<-- by heat is due to denaturation of protein. -->



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The substance or body formed by

coagulation.</def>



<hw>Co*ag"u*la*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

the power to cause coagulation; <as>as, a <ex>coagulative</ex>

agent</as>.</def>



<au>Boyle.</au>



<hw>Co*ag"u*la`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That

which causes coagulation.</def>



<au>Hixley.</au>



<hw>Co*ag"u*la*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Serving to coagulate; produced by coagulation; <as>as,

<ex>coagulatory</ex> effects</as>.</def>



<au>Boyle.</au>



<hw>Co*ag"u*lum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Coagula</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L. See

<er>Coagulate</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>The thick, curdy

precipitate formed by the coagulation of albuminous matter; any

mass of coagulated matter, as a clot of bloot.</def>



<hw>\'d8Co*ai"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The native name of certain South

American monkeys of the genus <spn>Ateles</spn>, esp. <spn>A.

paniscus</spn>. The black-faced coaita is <spn>Ateles ater</spn>.

See <xex>Illustration</xex> in Appendix.</def>



<hw>Coak</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Coke</er>,

<pos>n.</pos></def>



<hw>Coak</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Carp.)</fld>

<def>A kind of tenon connecting the face of a scarfed timber with

the face of another timber, or a dowel or pin of hard wood or

iron uniting timbers.</def> <altsp>[Also spelt

<asp>coag</asp>.]</altsp>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A metallic bushing or strengthening piece in the

center of a wooden block sheve.</def>



<hw>Coak</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>To unite,

as timbers, by means of tenons or dowels in the edges or

face.</def>



<au>Totten.</au>



<hw>Coal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>col</ets>; akin to D. <ets>kool</ets>, OHG. <ets>chol</ets>,

<ets>cholo</ets>, G. <ets>kohle</ets>, Icel. <ets>kol</ets>, pl.,

Sw. <ets>kol</ets>, Dan. <ets>kul</ets>; cf. Skr. <ets>jval</ets>

to burn. Cf. <er>Kiln</er>, <er>Collier</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A thoroughly charred, and extinguished or still ignited,

fragment from wood or other combustible substance;

charcoal.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A black, or brownish black,

solid, combustible substance, dug from beds or veins in the earth

to be used for fuel, and consisting, like charcoal, mainly of

carbon, but more compact, and often affording, when heated, a

large amount of volatile matter.</def>



<note><hand/ This word is often used adjectively, or as the first

part of self-explaining compounds; as, <xex>coal</xex>-black;

<xex>coal</xex> formation; <xex>coal</xex> scuttle;

<xex>coal</xex> ship. etc.</note>



<note><hand/ In England the plural <xex>coals</xex> is used, for

the broken mineral coal burned in grates, etc.; as, to put

<xex>coals</xex> on the fire. In the United States the singular

in a collective sense is the customary usage; as, a hod of

<xex>coal</xex>.</note>



<cs><col>Age of coal plants</col>. <cd>See <cref>Age of

Acrogens</cref>, under <er>Acrogen</er>. -- <xex>Anthracite or

Glance coal<xex>. See <er>Anthracite</er>.</cd> --

<col>Bituminous coal</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bituminous</er>. --

<col>Blind coal<col>.  See under <er>Blind</er>.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Brown coal</col>, <or/ <col>Lignite</col></mcol>.

<cd>See <er>Lignite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Caking coal</col>, <cd>a

bituminous coal, which softens and becomes pasty or semi-viscid

when heated. On increasing the heat, the volatile products are

driven off, and a coherent, grayish black, cellular mass of coke

is left.</cd> -- <col>Cannel coal</col>, <cd>a very compact

bituminous coal, of fine texture and dull luster. See <er>Cannel

coal</er>.</cd> -- <col>Coal bed</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>a

layer or stratum of mineral coal.</cd> -- <col>Coal

breaker</col>, <cd>a structure including machines and machinery

adapted for crushing, cleansing, and assorting coal.</cd> --

<col>Coal field</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>a region in which

deposits of coal occur. Such regions have often a basinlike

structure, and are hence called <xex>coal basins<xex>. See

<er>Basin</er>.</cd> -- <col>Coal gas</col>, <cd>a variety of

carbureted hydrogen, procured from bituminous coal, used in

lighting streets, houses, etc., and for cooking and heating.</cd>

-- <col>Coal heaver</col>, <cd>a man employed in carrying coal,

and esp. in putting it in, and discharging it from, ships.</cd>

-- <col>Coal measures</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<cd>Strata of coal with the attendant rocks.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd>

<cd>A subdivision of the carboniferous formation, between the

millstone grit below and the Permian formation above, and

including nearly all the workable coal beds of the world.</cd> --

<col>Coal oil</col>, <cd>a general name for mineral oils;

petroleum.</cd> -- <col>Coal plant</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>,

<cd>one of the remains or impressions of plants found in the

strata of the coal formation.</cd> -- <col>Coal tar</col>.

<cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>To haul over the

coals</col>, <cd>to call to account; to scold or censure.</cd>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>Wood coal</col>. <cd>See

<er>Lignite</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Coal</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Coaled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Coaling</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To burn to

charcoal; to char.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Charcoal of roots, <qex>coaled</qex> into great pieces.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To mark or delineate with charcoal.</def>



<au>Camden.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To supply with coal; <as>as, to <ex>coal</ex> a

steamer</as>.</def>



<hw>Coal</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To take in coal; <as>as, the

steaer <ex>coaled</ex> at Southampton</as>.</def>



<hw>Coal"-black</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>As black as

coal; jet black; very black.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Coal"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Colliery</er>.</def>



<hw>Co`a*lesce"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Coalesced</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Coalescing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>coalescere</ets>,

<ets>coalitium</ets>; <ets>co-</ets> + <ets>alescere</ets> to

grow up, incho. fr. <ets>alere</ets> to nourish. See

<er>Aliment</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To grow

together; to unite by growth into one body; <as>as, the parts

separated by a wound <ex>coalesce</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To unite in one body or product; to   combine

into one body or community; <as>as, vapors

<ex>coalesce</ex></as>.</def>



<q>The Jews were incapable of <qex>coalescing</qex> with other

nations.</q>

<qau>Campbell.</qau>



<q>Certain combinations of ideas that, once

<qex>coalescing</qex>, could not be shaken loose.</q>

<qau>De Quincey.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Add</er>.</syn>



<hw>Co`a*les"cence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act

or state of growing together, as similar parts; the act of

uniting by natural affinity or attraction; the state of being

united; union; concretion.</def>



<hw>Co`a*les"cent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>coalescens</ets>, p. pr.]</ety> <def>Growing together;

cohering, as in the organic cohesion of similar parts;

uniting.</def>



<hw>Coal"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Named from

the dark color of the back.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>The pollock; -- called also,

<altname>coalsey</altname>, <altname>colemie</altname>,

<altname>colmey</altname>, <altname>coal whiting</altname>, etc.

See <er>Pollock</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The beshow or

candlefish of Alaska.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The cobia.</def>



<hw>Coal"goose`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The cormorant; -- so called from its

black color.</def>



<hw>Co"a*lite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>coalitus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>coalescere</ets>. See

<er>Coalesce</er>.]</ety> <def>To unite or coalesce.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Let them continue to <qex>coalite</qex>.</q>

<qau>Bolingbroke.</qau>



<hw>Co"a*lite</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cause to unite or

coalesce.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Time has by degrees blended . . . and <qex>coalited</qex> the

conquered with the conquerors.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<hw>Co`a*li"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>coalitio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>coalition</ets>. See

<er>Coalesce</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of coalescing;

union into a body or mass, as of separate bodies or parts;

<as>as, a <ex>coalition</ex> of atoms</as>.</def>



<au>Bentley.</au>



<-- p. 271 -->



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A combination, for temporary purposes, of

persons, parties, or states, having different interests.</def>



<q>A <qex>coalition</qex> of the puritan and the blackleg.</q>

<qau>J. Randolph.</qau>



<q>The <qex>coalition</qex> between the religious and worldly

enemies of popery.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Alliance; confederation; confederacy; league;

combination; conjunction; conspiracy; union.</syn>



<hw>Co`a*li"tion*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

coalitionist.</def>



<hw>Co`a*li"tion*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who joins or

promotes a coalition; one who advocates coalition.</def>



<hw>Co`-al*ly"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Co-allies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <def>A joint ally.</def>



<au>Kent.</au>



<hw>Coal"-me`ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A licensed

or official coal measurer in London. See <er>Meter</er>.</def>



<au>Simmonds.</au>



<hw>Coal"mouse`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small species of titmouse, with a

black head; the coletit.</def>



<hw>Coal"pit`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

pit where coal is dug.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A place where charcoal is made.</def> <mark>[U.

S.]</mark>



<hw>Coal" tar`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A thick, black, tarry

liquid, obtained by the distillation of bituminous coal in the

manufacture of illuminating gas; used for making printer's ink,

black varnish, etc. It is a complex mixture from which many

substances have been obtained, especially hydrocarbons of the

benzene or aromatic series.</def>



<note><hand/ Among its important ingredients are benzene,

aniline, phenol, naphtalene, anthracene, etc., which are

respectively typical of many dye stuffs, as the aniline dyes, the

phthale\'8bns, indigo, alizarin, and many flavoring extracts

whose artificial production is a matter of great commercial

importance.</note>



<hw>Coal"-whip`per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

raises coal out of the hold of a ship.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<au>Dickens.</au>



<hw>Coal" works</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A place where coal is

dug, including the machinery for raising the coal.</def>



<hw>Coal"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Coal</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or

resembling, coal; containing coal; of the nature of coal.</def>



<hw>Coam"ings</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Comb</er> a crest.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Raised

pieces of wood of iron around a hatchway, skylight, or other

opening in the deck, to prevent water from running bellow; esp.

the fore-and-aft pieces of a hatchway frame as distinguished from

the transverse head ledges.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>combings</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Co`an*nex"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To annex

with something else.</def>



<hw>Co`ap*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>coaptatio</ets>, fr. <ets>coaptare</ets> to fit together;

<ets>co-</ets> + <ets>aptare</ets>. See <er>Aptate</er>.]</ety>

<def>The adaptation or adjustment of parts to each other, as of a

broken bone or dislocated joint.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Co*arct"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Co*arc"tate</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Coarctate</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

press together; to crowd; to straiten; to confine closely.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To restrain; to confine.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Ayliffe.</au>



<hw>Co*arc"tate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>coarctatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>coarctare</ets> to press

together; <ets>co-</ets> + <ets>arctare</ets> to press together,

from <ets>arctus</ets>, p. p. See <er>Arctation</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pressed together; closely connected;

-- applied to insects having the abdomen separated from the

thorax only by a constriction.</def>



<cs><col>Coarctate pupa</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a pupa

closely covered by the old larval skin, as in most

Diptera.</cd></cs>



<hw>Co`arc*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>coarctatio</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Confinement to a

narrow space.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Pressure; that which presses.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Ray.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A stricture or narrowing, as

of a canal, cavity, or orifice.</def>



<hw>Coarse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Coarser</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Coarsest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[As this

word was anciently written <ets>course</ets>, or

<ets>cours</ets>, it may be an abbreviation of <ets>of

course</ets>, in the common manner of proceeding, common, and

hence, homely, made for common domestic use, plain, rude, rough,

gross, <it>e. g.</it>, \'bdThough the threads be

<ets>course</ets>.\'b8 <au>Gascoigne.</au> See

<er>Course</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Large in bulk, or composed of large parts or

particles; of inferior quality or appearance; not fine in

material or close in texture; gross; thick; rough; -- opposed to

<xex>fine</xex>; <as>as, <ex>coarse</ex> sand; <ex>coarse</ex>

thread; <ex>coarse</ex> cloth; <ex>coarse</ex> bread.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not refined; rough; rude; unpolished; gross;

indelicate; <as>as, <ex>coarse</ex> manners; <ex>coarse</ex>

language.</as></def>



<q>I feel

Of what <qex>coarse</qex> metal ye are molded.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>To copy, in my <qex>coarse</qex> English, his beautiful

expressions.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Large; thick; rough; gross; blunt; uncouth;

unpolished; inelegant; indelicate; vulgar.</syn>



<hw>Coarse"-grained`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

a coarse grain or texture, as wood; hence, wanting in

refinement.</def>



<hw>Coarse"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a coarse manner;

roughly; rudely; inelegantly; uncivilly; meanly.</def>



<-- #### q4 -->



<hw>Coars"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make

coarse or vulgar; <as>as, to <ex>coarsen</ex> one's

character</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Graham.</au>



<hw>Coarse"ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality

or state of being coarse; roughness; melegance; vulgarity;

grossness; <as>as, <ex>coarseness</ex> of food, texture, manners,

or language</as>.</def> \'bdThe <xex>coarseness</xex> of the

sackcloth.\'b8



<au>Dr. H. More.</au>



<q>Pardon the <qex>coarseness</qex> of the illustration.</q>

<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>



<q>A <qex>coarseness</qex> and vulgarity in all the

proceedings.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<hw>Co`ar*tic`u*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The unoin or articulation of bones to

form a joint.</def>



<hw>Co`-as*sess"or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A joint

assessor.</def>



<hw>Coast</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>coste</ets>, F. <ets>c\'93te</ets>, rib, hill, shore, coast,

L. <ets>costa</ets> rib, side. Cf. <er>Accost</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>, <er>Cutlet</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The side of a

thing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir I. Newton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The exterior line, limit, or border of a

country; frontier border.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>From the river, the river Euphrates, even to the uttermost

sea, shall your <qex>coast</qex> be.</q>

<qau>Deut. xi. 24.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The seashore, or land near it.</def>



<q>He sees in English ships the Holland <qex>coast</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>We the Arabian <qex>coast</qex> do know

At distance, when the species blow.</q>

<qau>Waller.</qau>



<cs><col>The coast is clear</col>, <cd>the danger is over; no

enemy in sight.</cd>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<cd2>Fig.: <cd>There are no obstacles.</cd> \'bdSeeing that

<ex>the coast was clear</ex>, Zelmane dismissed Musidorus.\'b8



<au>Sir P. Sidney.</au></cd2>



<col>Coast guard</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A body of men originally

employed along the coast to prevent smuggling; now, under the

control of the admiralty, drilled as a naval reserve.</cd>

<mark>[Eng.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The force employed in

lifesaving stations along the seacoast.</cd> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

-- <col>Coast rat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a South

African mammal (<spn>Bathyergus suillus</spn>), about the size of

a rabbit, remarkable for its extensive burrows; -- called also

<altname>sand mole</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Coast waiter</col>,

<cd>a customhouse officer who superintends the landing or

shipping of goods for the coast trade.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Coast</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Coasted</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Coasting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>costien</ets>, <ets>costeien</ets>, <ets>costen</ets>, OF.

<ets>costier</ets>, <ets>costoier</ets>, F.

<ets>c\'93toyer</ets>, <ets>fr</ets>. <ets>Of</ets>. coste coast,

F. <ets>c\'93te</ets>. See <er>Coast</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To draw or keep near; to approach.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Anon she hears them chant it lustily,

And all in haste she <qex>coasteth</qex> to the cry.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To sail by or near the shore.</def>



<q>The ancients <qex>coasted</qex> only in their navigation.</q>

<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To sail from port to port in the same

country.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>coste</ets>, F.

<ets>c\'93te</ets>, hill, hillside.]</ety> <def>To slide down

hill; to slide on a sled, upon snow or ice.</def> <mark>[Local,

U. S.]</mark>



<hw>Coast</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To draw near

to; to approach; to keep near, or by the side of.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Hakluyt.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To sail by or near; to follow the coast line

of.</def>



<q>Nearchus, . . . not knowing the compass, was fain to

<qex>coast</qex> that shore.</q>

<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To conduct along a coast or river bank.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The Indians . . . <qex>coasted</qex> me along the river.</q>

<qau>Hakluyt.</qau>



<hw>Coast"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to a cast.</def>



<hw>Coast"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

vessel employed in sailing along a coast, or engaged in the

coasting trade.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who sails near the shore.</def>



<hw>Coast"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Sailing along

or near a coast, or running between ports along a coast.</def>



<cs><col>Coasting trade</col>, <cd>trade carried on by water

between neighboring ports of the same country, as distinguished

fron foreign trade or trade involving long voyages.</cd> --

<col>Coasting vessel</col>, <cd>a vessel employed in coasting; a

coaster.</cd></cs>



<hw>Coast"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A sailing

along a coast, or from port to port; a carrying on a coasting

trade.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Sliding down hill; sliding on a sled upon snow

or ice.</def> <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>Coast"wise`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Coast"ways`</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>adv.</pos> <def>By way of, or along,

the coast.</def>



<hw>Coat</hw> <pr>(?; 110)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>cote</ets>, F. <ets>cotte</ets>, petticoat, <ets>cotte

d'armes</ets> coat of arms, <ets>cotte de mailles</ets> coat of

mail, LL. <ets>cota</ets>, <ets>cotta</ets>, tunic, prob. of

German origin; cf. OHG. <ets>chozzo</ets> coarse mantle, G.

<ets>klotze</ets>, D. <ets>kot</ets>, hut, E. <ets>cot</ets>. Cf.

<er>Cot</er> a hut.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An outer garment

fitting the upper part of the body; especially, such a garment

worn by men.</def>



<q>Let each

His adamantine <qex>coat</qex> gird well.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A petticoat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdA

child in <xex>coats</xex>.\'b8



<au>Locke.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The habit or vesture of an order of men,

indicating the order or office; cloth.</def>



<q>Men of his <qex>coat</qex> should be minding their

prayers.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<q>She was sought by spirits of richest <qex>coat</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>An external covering like a garment, as fur,

skin, wool, husk, or bark; <as>as, the horses <ex>coats</ex> were

sleek</as>.</def>



<q>Fruit of all kinds, in <qex>coat</qex>

Rough or smooth rined, or bearded husk, or shell.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A layer of any substance covering another; a

cover; a tegument; <as>as, the <ex>coats</ex> of the eye; the

<ex>coats</ex> of an onion; a <ex>coat</ex> of tar or

varnish.</as></def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Same as <xex>Coat of arms</xex>. See

below.</def>



<q>Hark, countrymen! either renew the fight,

Or tear the lions out of England's <qex>coat</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>A coat card. See below.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Here's a trick of discarded cards of us! We were ranked with

<qex>coats</qex> as long as old master lived.</q>

<qau>Massinger.</qau>



<cs><col>Coat armor</col>. <cd>See under <er>Armor</er>.</cd> --

<col>Coat of arms</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a translation of

the French <xex>cotte d'armes<xex>, a garment of light material

worn over the armor in the 15th and 16th centuries. This was

often charged with the heraldic bearings of the wearer. Hence, an

heraldic achievement; the bearings of any person, taken

together.</cd> -- <col>Coat card</col>, <cd>a card bearing a

coated figure; the king, queen, or knave of playing cards.

\'bd\'bfI am a <xex>coat card<xex> indeed.' \'bfThen thou must

needs be a knave, for thou art neither king nor queen.'\'b8</cd>

<au>Rowley.</au> -- <col>Coat link</col>, <cd>a pair of buttons

or studs joined by a link, to hold together the lappels of a

double-breasted coat; or a button with a loop for a

single-breasted coat.</cd> -- <col>Coat of mail</col>, <cd>a

defensive garment of chain mail.</cd>  See <cref>Chain

mail</cref>, under <er>Chain</er>. -- <col>Mast coat</col>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a piece of canvas nailed around a mast,

where it passes through the deck, to prevent water from getting

below.</cd> -- <col>Sail coat</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a

canvas cover laced over furled sails, and the like, to keep them

dry and clean.</cd></cs>



<hw>Coat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Coated</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Coating</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

cover with a coat or outer garment.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cover with a layer of any substance; <as>as,

to <ex>coat</ex> a jar with tin foil; to <ex>coat</ex> a

ceiling.</as></def>



<hw>Coat*ee"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A coat with

short flaps.</def>



<hw>Co*a"ti</hw> <pr>(? <or/ <?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

the native name: cf. F. <ets>coati</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A mammal of tropical America of the

genus <spn>Nasua</spn>, allied to the raccoon, but with a longer

body, tail, and nose.</def>



<note><hand/ The red coati (<spn>N. socialis</spn>), called also

<altname>coati mondi</altname>, inhabits Mexico and Central

America. The brown coati (<spn>N. narica</spn>) is found in

Surinam and Brazil.</note>



<hw>Coat"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

coat or covering; a layer of any substance, as a cover or

protection; <as>as, the <ex>coating</ex> of a retort or

vial</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Cloth for coats; <as>as, an assortment of

<ex>coatings</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Coat"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Not wearing a

coat; also, not possessing a coat.</def>



<hw>Coax</hw> <pr>(?; 110)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Coaxed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Coaxing</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[Cf. OE. <ets>cokes</ets> fool, a person easily imposed

upon, W. <ets>coeg</ets> empty, foolish; F. <ets>coquin</ets>

knave, rogue.]</ety> <def>To persuade by gentle, insinuating

courtesy, flattering, or fondling; to wheedle; to soothe.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- To wheedle; cajole; flatter; persuade; entice.</syn>



<hw>Coax</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A simpleton; a dupe.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Beau & Fl.</au>



<hw>Co`ax*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

the noise of frogs.]</ety> <def>The act of croaking.</def>

<mark>[R]</mark>



<au>Dr. H. More.</au>



<hw>Coax"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

coaxes.</def>



<hw>Coax"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a coaxing manner;

by coaxing.</def>



<hw>Cob</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. AS.

<ets>cop</ets>, <ets>copp</ets>, head, top, D. <ets>kop</ets>, G.

<ets>kopf</ets>, <ets>kuppe</ets>, LL. <ets>cuppa</ets> cup (cf.

E. <ets>brainpan</ets>), and also W. <ets>cob</ets> tuft, spider,

<ets>cop</ets>, <ets>copa</ets>, top, summit, <ets>cobio</ets> to

thump. Cf. <er>Cop</er> top, <er>Cup</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The top or head of anything.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>W. Gifford.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A leader or chief; a conspicuous person, esp. a

rich covetous person.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>All cobbing country chuffs, which make their bellies and their

bags their god, are called rich <qex>cobs</qex>.</q>

<qau>Nash.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The axis on which the kernels of maize or indian

corn grow.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A spider; perhaps from its

shape; it being round like a head.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A young herring.</def>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish; -- also called

<altname>miller's thumb</altname>.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>A short-legged and stout horse, esp. one used

for the saddle.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A sea mew or gull; esp.,

the black-backed gull (<spn>Larus marinus</spn>).</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>cobb</asp>.]</altsp>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>A lump or piece of anything, usually of a

somewhat large size, as of coal, or stone.</def>



<sn>10.</sn> <def>A cobnut; <as>as, Kentish <ex>cobs</ex></as>.

See <er>Cobnut</er>.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<sn>11.</sn> <def>Clay mixed with straw.</def> <mark>[Prov.

Eng.]</mark>



<q>The poor cottager contenteth himself with <qex>cob</qex> for

his walls, and thatch for his covering.</q>

<qau>R. Carew.</qau>



<sn>12.</sn> <def>A punishment consisting of blows inflicted on

the buttocks with a strap or a flat piece of wood.</def>



<au>Wright.</au>



<sn>13.</sn> <def>A Spanish coin formerly current in Ireland,

worth abiut 4s. 6d.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Wright.</au>



<cs><col>Cob coal</col>, <cd>coal in rounded lumps from the size

of an egg to that of a football; -- called also

<altname>cobbles</altname>.</cd> <au>Grose</au>. -- <col>Cob

loaf</col>, <cd>a crusty, uneven loaf, rounded at top.</cd>

<au>Wright.</au> -- <col>Cob money</col>, <cd>a kind of rudely

coined gold and silver money of Spanish South America in the

eighteenth century. The coins were of the weight of the piece of

eight, or one of its aliquot parts.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cob</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Cobbed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Cobbing</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To strike</def>

<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>To break into small pieces,

as ore, so as to sort out its better portions.</def>



<au>Raymond.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To punish by striking on the

buttocks with a strap, a flat piece of wood, or the like.</def>



<hw>Co*b\'91"a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Named after

D. <ets>Cobo</ets>, a Spanish botanist.]</ety> <def>A genus of

climbing plants, native of Mexico and South America. <spn>C.

scandens</spn> is a consrvatory climber with large bell-shaped

flowers.</def>



<hw>Co"balt</hw> <pr>(?; 277, 74)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G.

<ets>kobalt</ets>, prob. fr. <ets>kobold</ets>, <ets>kobel</ets>,

goblin, MHG. <ets>kobolt</ets>; perh. akin to G. <ets>koben</ets>

pigsty, hut, AS. <ets>cofa</ets> room, <ets>cofgodas</ets>

household gods, Icel. <ets>kofi</ets> hut. If so, the ending

<ets>-old</ets> stands for older <ets>-walt</ets>,

<ets>-wald</ets>, being the same as <ets>-ald</ets> in E.

<ets>herald</ets> and the word would mean <ets>ruler</ets> or

<ets>governor in a house</ets>, <ets>house spirit</ets>, the

metal being so called by miners, because it was poisonous and

troublesome. Cf. <er>Kobold</er>, <er>Cove</er>,

<er>Goblin</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A

tough, lustrous, reddish white metal of the iron group, not

easily fusible, and somewhat magnetic. Atomic weight 59.1. Symbol

Co.</def>



<note><hand/ It occurs in nature in combination with arsenic,

sulphur, and oxygen, and is obtained from its ores, smaltite,

cobaltite, asbolite, etc. Its oxide colors glass or any flux, as

borax, a fine blue, and is used in the manufacture of smalt. It

is frequently associated with nickel, and both are characteristic

ingredients of meteoric iron.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A commercial name of a crude arsenic used as fly

poison.</def>



<cs><col>Cobalt bloom</col>. <cd>Same as <er>Erythrite</er>.</cd>

-- <col>Cobalt blue</col>, <cd>a dark blue pigment consisting of

some salt of cobalt, as the phosphate, ignited with alumina; --

called also <altname>cobalt ultramarine</altname>, and

<altname>Thenard's blue</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Cobalt

crust</col>, <cd>earthy arseniate of cobalt.</cd> -- <col>Cobalt

glance</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Cobaltite</er>.</cd>

-- <col>Cobalt green</col>, <cd>a pigment consisting essentially

of the oxides of cobalt and zinc; -- called also

<altname>Rinman's green</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Cobalt

yellow</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a yellow crystalline powder,

regarded as a double nitrite of cobalt and potassium.</cd></cs>



<hw>Co*balt"ic</hw> <pr>(?; 74)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>cobaltique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining

to, derived from, or containing, cobalt; -- said especially of

those compounds in which cobalt has higher valence; <as>as,

<ex>cobaltic</ex> oxide</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Luteo-cobaltic compounds</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>,

<cd>an extensive series of complex yellow compounds of ammonia

and cobaltic salts.</cd> -- <col>Roseo-cobaltic compounds</col>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an extensive series of complex red

compounds of cobalt and ammonia. Modifications of these are the

<stype>purpureo-cobaltic compounds</stype>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Co`balt*if"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cobalt</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Containing cobalt.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Co"balt*ine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Co"balt*ite</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A

mineral of a nearly silver-white color, composed of arsenic,

sulphur, and cobalt.</def>



<hw>Co*balt"ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, or

containing, cobalt; -- said esp. of cobalt compounds in which the

metal has its lower valence.</def>



<cs><col>Cobaltous chloride</col>, <cd>a crystalline compound,

<chform>CoCl2</chform>, of a pale rose color when hydrous, blue

when dehydrated. Its solution is used for a sympathetic ink, the

writing being nearly colorless when dried in the air, owing to

absorbed moisture, and becoming bright blue when

warmed.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cob"bing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Haughty;

purse-proud. See <er>Cob</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 2.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Withals (1608).</au>



<hw>Cob"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A fishing boat.

See <er>Coble</er>.</def>



<hw>Cob"ble</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From <er>Cob</er> a lump.

See <er>Cob</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 9, and cf. <er>Copple</er>,

<er>Copplestone</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

cobblestone.</def> \'bdTheir slings held <xex>cobbles</xex>

round.\'b8



<au>Fairfax.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Cob coal. See under

<er>Cob</er>.</def>



<hw>Cob"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Cobbled</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Cobbling</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>cobler</ets>,

<ets>copler</ets>, to join or knit together, couple, F.

<ets>coupler</ets>, L. <ets>copulare</ets> to couple, join. Cf.

<er>Couple</er>, <pos>n.</pos> & <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To make or mend coarsely; to patch; to botch;

<as>as, to <ex>cobble</ex> shoes</as>.</def> <au>Shak.</au>



\'bdA <qex>cobbled</qex> saddle.\'b8

<au>Thackeray.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make clumsily.</def> \'bd<xex>Cobbled</xex>

rhymes.\'b8



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To pave with cobblestones.</def>



<hw>Cob"bler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

mender of shoes.</def>



<au>Addison.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A clumsy workman.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A beverage. See <cref>Sherry cobbler</cref>,

under <er>Sherry</er>.</def>



<cs><col>Cobbler fish</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a marine

fish (<spn>Blepharis crinitus</spn>) of the Atlantic. The name

alludes to its threadlike fin rays.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cob"ble*stone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A large

pebble; a rounded stone not too large to be handled; a small

boulder; -- used for paving streets and for other purposes.</def>



<hw>Cob"by</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Cob</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Headstrong;

obstinate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Brockett.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Stout; hearty; lively.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Co`bel*lig"er*ent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Carryng on war in conjunction with another power.</def>



<hw>Co`bel*lig"er*ent</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A nation or state

that carries on war in connection with another.</def>



<hw>Co"bi*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An oceanic fish of large size

(<spn>Elacate canada</spn>); the crabeater; -- called also

<altname>bonito</altname>, <altname>cubbyyew</altname>,

<altname>coalfish</altname>, and <altname>sergeant

fish</altname>.</def>



<hw>Cob"i`ron</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Cob</er> the top.]</ety> <def>An andiron with a knob at the

top.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Co`bish"op</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A joint or

coadjutant bishop.</def>



<au>Ayliffe.</au>



<hw>Co"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>cuopel</ets>; cf. W. <ets>ceubal</ets> skiff,

ferryboat.]</ety> <def>A flat-floored fishing boat with a lug

sail, and a drop rudder extending from two to four feet below the

keel. It was originally used on the stormy coast of Yorkshire,

England.</def>



<hw>Cob"nut`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>A large roundish variety of the cultivated

hazelnut.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A game played by children with nuts.</def>



<hw>Co*boose"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Caboose</er>.</def>



<hw>Co"bourg</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Named from

the town of <ets>Coburg</ets> in Germany.]</ety> <def>A thin

worsted fabric for women's dresses.</def>



<hw>Co"bra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Copra</er>.</def>



<hw>Co"bra</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The cobra de capello.</def>



<hw>\'d8Co"bra de ca*pel"lo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[Pg., serpent

of the hood.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The hooded snake

(<spn>Naia tripudians</spn>), a highly venomous serpent

inhabiting India.<-- now Naja --></def>



<hw>Cob"stone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Cobblestone.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Cob"swan`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A large

swan.</def>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Cob"wall`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cob</ets> clay mixed with straw +

<ets>wall</ets>.]</ety> <def>A wall made of clay mixed with

straw.</def>



<hw>Cob"web`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cob</ets> a spider + <ets>web</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The network spread by a spider to catch its

prey.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A snare of insidious meshes designed to catch

the ignorant and unwary.</def>



<q>I can not but lament thy splendid wit

Entangled in the <qex>cobwebs</qex> of the schools.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which is thin and unsubstantial, or flimsy

and worthless; rubbish.</def>



<q>The dust and <qex>cobwebs</qex> of that uncivil age.</q>

<qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European spotted

flycatcher.</def>



<cs><col>Cobweb lawn</col>, <cd>a fine linen, mentioned in 1640

as being in pieces of fifteen yards.</cd></cs>



<au>Beck. Draper's Dict.</au>



<q>Such a proud piece of <qex>cobweb lawn</qex>.</q>

<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>



<cs><col>Cobweb micrometer</col>, <cd>a micrometer in which

threads of cobwed are substituted for wires.</cd>



<hw>Cob"webbed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Abounding

in cobwebs.</def> \'bdThe <xex>cobwebbed</xex> cottage.\'b8



<au>Young.</au>



<hw>Cob"web`by</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Abounding in

cobwebs, or any fine web; resembling a cobweb.</def>



<hw>Cob"work`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Built of

logs, etc., laid horizontally, with the ends dovetailed together

at the corners, as in a log house; in marine work, often

surrounding a central space filled with stones; <as>as, a

<ex>cobwork</ex> dock or breakwater</as>.</def>



<hw>Co"ca</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp., fr. native

name.]</ety> <def>The dried leaf of a South American shrub

(<spn>Erythroxylon Coca</spn>). In med., called

<xex>Erythroxylon</xex>.</def>



<note><hand/ Coca leaves resemble tea leaves in size, shape, and

odor, and are chewed (with an alkali) by natives of Peru and

Bolivia to impart vigor in prolonged exertion, or to sustain

strength in absence of food.</note>



<cs><col>Mexican coca</col>, <cd>an American herb

(<spn>Richardsonia scabra</spn>), yielding a nutritious fodder.

Its roots are used as a substitute for ipecacuanha.</cd></cs>



<hw>Coc*agne"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>cocagne</ets>, <ets>pays de cocagne</ets>; of uncertian

origin, cf. Prov. F. <ets>couque</ets> cake, Catal.

<ets>coca</ets>, L. <ets>coquere</ets> to cook; as if the houses

in this country were covered with cakes. Cf. <er>Cook</er>,

<er>Cockney</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An imaginary country of

idleness and luxury.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The land of cockneys; cockneydom; -- a term

applied to London and its suburbs.</def>



<au>Smart.</au>



<hw>Co"ca*ine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>A powerful alkaloid, <chform>C17H21NO4</chform>, obtained

from the leaves of coca. It is a bitter, white, crystalline

substance, and is remarkable for producing local insensibility to

pain.</def>



<hw>Coc*cif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>coccum</ets> a berry + <ets>-ferous</ets>. See

<er>Coccus</er>.]</ety> <def>Bearing or producing berries;

bacciferous; <as>as, <ex>cocciferrous</ex> trees or

plants</as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Coc`ci*nel"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. L. <ets>coccineus</ets> scarlet-colored. See

<er>Cochoneal</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of

small beetles of many species. They and their larv\'91 feed on

aphids or plant lice, and hence are of great benefit to man. Also

called <altname>ladybirds</altname> and

<altname>ladybugs</altname>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Coc`co*bac*te"ri*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl.  <plw>Coccobacteria</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/ a grain + NL. <ets>bacterium</ets>. So called from

its round shape.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>One of the round

variety of bacteria, a vegetable organism, generally less than a

thousandth of a millimeter in diameter.</def>



<hw>Coc"co*lite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a

grain, seed + <ets>-lite</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>coccalite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A granular

variety of pyroxene, green or white in color.</def>



<hw>Coc"co*lith</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a

grain, seed + <ets>-lith</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>

<def>One of a kind of minute, calcareous bodies, probably

vegetable, often abundant in deep-sea mud.</def>



<hw>Coc"co*sphere</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

a grain, seed + E. <ets>sphere</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>

<def>A small, rounded, marine organism, capable of braking up

into coccoliths.</def>



<hw>\'d8Coc*cos"te*us</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

from Gr. <?/ grain, seed + <?/ bone.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld>

<def>An extinct genus of Devonian ganoid fishes, having the broad

plates about the head studded with berrylike tubercles.</def>



<hw>\'d8Coc"cu*lus In"di*cus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL. <ets>cocculus</ets> (dim. of L. <ets>coccum</ets>

kermes berry) + L. <ets>Indicus</ets> of India.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The fruit or berry of the <xex>Anamirta

Cocculus</xex>, a climbing plant of the East Indies. It is a

poisonous narcotic and stimulant.</def>



<hw>\'d8Coc"cus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Cocci</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/

grain, seed. See <er>Cochineal</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of the separable carpels of a dry

fruit.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of hemipterous

insects, including scale insects, and the cochineal insect

(<spn>Coccus cacti</spn>).</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A form of bacteria, shaped

like a globule.</def>



<hw>Coc*cyg"e*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the coccyx; <as>as,

the <ex>coccygeal</ex> vertebr\'91</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Coccygeal glands</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>,

glands situated at the base of the tail of birds. They secrete

the oil with which the plumage is dressed.</cd></cs>



<hw>Coc*cyg"e*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Coccygeal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Coc"cyx</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. L.

<plw>Coccyges</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L., cuckoo, Gr.

<?/, cuckoo, coccyx. So called from its resemblance to the beak

of a cuckoo.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The end of the

vertebral column beyond the sacrum in man and tailless monkeys.

It is composed of several vertebr\'91 more or less

consolidated.</def>



<hw>Coch"i*neal</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <ety>[Sp.

<ets>cochinilla</ets>, dim. from L. <ets>coccineus</ets>,

<ets>coccinus</ets>, scarlet, fr. <ets>coccum</ets> the kermes

berry, G. <?/ berry, especially the kermes insect, used to dye

scarlet, as the cohineal was formerly supposed to be the grain or

seed of a plant, and this word was formerly defined to be the

grain of the <ets>Quercus coccifera</ets>; but cf. also Sp.

<ets>cochinilla</ets> wood louse, dim. of <ets>cochina</ets> sow,

akin to F. <ets>cochon</ets> pig.]</ety> <def>A dyestuff

consisting of the dried bodies of females of the <spn>Coccus

cacti</spn>, an insect native in Mexico, Central America, etc.,

and found on several species of cactus, esp. <spn>Opuntia

cochinellifera</spn>.</def>



<note><hand/ These insects are gathered from the plant, killed by

the application of heat, and exposed to the sun to dry. When

dried they resemble small, rough berries or seeds, of a brown or

purple color, and form the cochineal of the shops, which is used

for making carmine, and also as a red dye.</note>



<note><hand/ Cochineal contains as its essential coloring matter

<xex>carminic acid</xex>, a purple red amorphous substance which

yields <xex>carmine red</xex>.</note>



<hw>Coch"i*neal fig</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

plant of Central and Southern Anerica, of the Cactus familly,

extensively cultivated for the sake of the cochineal insect,

which lives on it.</def>



<hw>Co"chin fowl`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

large variety of the domestic fowl, originally from Cochin China

(Anam).</def>



<hw>\'d8Coch"le*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a

snail, or snail shell, Gr. <?/ a snail, fr. <?/ a shellfish with

a spiral shell.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>An appendage of

the labyrinth of the internal ear, which is elongated and coiled

into a spiral in mammals. See <er>Ear</er>.</def>



<hw>Coch"le*ar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the cochlea.</def>



<hw>\'d8Coch`le*a"re</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A spoon.</def>



<au>Andrews.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med)</fld> <def>A spoonful.</def>



<au>Dungleson.</au>



<hw>Coc`le*ar"i*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cochleare</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Spoon-shaped.</def>



<hw>Coch"le*a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cochlearum</ets> penfor snails (meaning formerly given,

<ets>snail shell</ets>). See <er>Cjchlea</er>.]</ety> <def>Same

as <er>Cochleate</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Coch"le*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Coch"le*a`ted</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cochleatus</ets> spiral or screw-formed. See

<er>Cochlea</er>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of a snail shell;

spiral; turbinated.</def>



<hw>Cock</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>coc</ets>; of unkown origin, perh. in imitation of the cry

of the cock. Cf. <er>Chicken</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

male of birds, particulary of gallinaceous or domestic

fowls.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A vane in the shape of a cock; a

weathercock.</def>



<q>Drenched our steeples, drowned the <qex>cocks</qex>!</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A chief man; a leader or master.</def>

<mark>[Humorous]</mark>



<q>Sir Andrew is the <qex>cock</qex> of the club, since he left

us.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The crow of a cock, esp. the first crow in the

morning; cockcrow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>He begins at curfew, and walks till the first

<qex>cock</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A faucet or valve.</def>



<note><hand/ Jonsons says, \'bdThe handly probably had a

<xex>cock</xex> on the top; things that were contrived to turn

seem anciently to have had that form, whatever was the

reason.\'b8 Skinner says, because it used to be constructed

<xex>in forma crit\'91 galli</xex>, i.e., in the form of a cock's

comb.</note>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>The style of gnomon of a dial.</def>



<au>Chambers.</au>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>The indicator of a balance.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>The bridge piece which affords a bearing for the

pivot of a balance in a clock or watch.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<cs><col>Ball cock</col>. <cd>See under <er>Ball</er>.</cd> --

<col>Chaparral cock</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chaparral</er>.</cd>

-- <mcol><col>Cock and bull story</col>, <col>an

extravagant</col></mcol>, <cd>boastful story; a canard.</cd> --

<col>Cock of the plains</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See

<er>Sage cock</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cock of the rock</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a South American bird (<spn>Rupicola

aurantia</spn>) having a beautiful crest.</cd> -- <col>Cock of

the walk</col>, <cd>a chief or master; the hero of the hour; one

who has overcrowed, or got the better of, rivals or

competitors.</cd> -- <col>Cock of the woods</col>. <cd>See

<er>Capercailzie</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cock</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Cocked</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Cocking</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[Cf. Gael. <ets>coc</ets> to cock.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To set erect; to turn up.</def>



<q>Our Lightfoot barks, and <qex>cocks</qex> his ears.</q>

<qau>Gay.</qau>



<q>Dick would <qex>cock</qex> his nose in scorn.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To shape, as a hat, by turning up the

brim.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To set on one side in a pert or jaunty

manner.</def>



<q>They <qex>cocked</qex> their hats in each other's faces.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To turn (the eye) obliquely and partially close

its lid, as an expression of derision or insinuation.</def>



<cs><col>Cocked hat</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A hat with large,

stiff flaps turned up to a peaked crown, thus making its form

triangular; -- called also <altname>three-cornered

hat</altname><-- or tricorn -->. <sd>(b)</sd> A game similar to

ninepins, except that only three pins are used, which are set up

at the angles of a triangle.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cock</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To strut; to swagger; to

look big, pert, or menacing.</def>



<au>Addison.</au>



<hw>Cock</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of cocking; also, the

turn so given; <as>as, a <ex>cock</ex> of the eyes; to give a hat

a saucy <ex>cock</ex>.</as></def>



<hw>Cock</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It. <ets>cocca</ets> notch of

an arrow.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The notch of an arrow or

crossbow.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The hammer in the lock of a firearm.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>At cock</col>, <col>At full cock</col></mcol>,

<cd>with the hammer raised and ready to fire; -- said of

firearms, also, jocularly, of one prepared for instant

action.</cd> -- <col>At half cock</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Half</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cock feather</col>

<fld>(Archery)</fld>, <cd>the feather of an arrow at right angles

to the direction of the cock or notch.</cd></cs>



<au>Nares.</au>



<hw>Cock</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To draw the hammer of (a

firearm) fully back and set it for firing.</def>



<hw>Cock</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To draw back the hammer of a

firearm, and set it for firing.</def>



<q><qex>Cocked</qex>, fired, and missed his man.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<hw>Cock</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>k\'94kkr</ets>

lump, Dan. <ets>kok</ets> heap, or E. <ets>cock</ets> to set

erect.]</ety> <def>A small concial pile of hay.</def>



<hw>Cock</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To put into cocks or heaps,

as hay.</def>



<q>Under the <qex>cocked</qex> hay.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Cock</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Of. <ets>coque</ets>, F.

<ets>coche</ets>, a small vessel, L. <ets>concha</ets> muscle

shell, a vessel. See <er>Coach</er>, and cf.<er>Cog</er> <?/

small boat.]</ety> <def>A small boat.</def>



<q>Yond tall anchoring bark [appears]

Diminished to her <qex>cock</qex>; her <qex>cock</qex>, a buoy

Almost too small for sight.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Cock</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A corruption or disguise of the

word <xex>God</xex>, used in oaths.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

\'bdBy <xex>cock</xex> and pie.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Cock*ade"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>cocarble</ets>, fr. <ets>coquard</ets> vain, OF.

<ets>coquart</ets>, fr. <ets>coq</ets> cock, prob. of imitative

origin. The ornament is so named from its resemblance to the

crest of a cock. Cf. <er>Coquette</er>.]</ety> <def>A badge,

usually in the form of a rosette, or knot, and generally worn

upon the hat; -- used as an indication of military or naval

service, or party allegiance, and in England as a part of the

livery to indicate that the wearer is the servant of a military

or naval officer.</def>



<q>Seduced by military liveries and <qex>cockades</qex>.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<hw>Cock*ad"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Wearing a

cockade.</def>



<au>Young.</au>



<hw>Cock`-a-hoop"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Boastful;

defiant; exulting. Also used adverbially.</def>



<hw>Cock"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.

uncertain.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A game played with sheep's

bones instead of dice</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The bone used in playing the game; -- called

also <altname>huckle bone</altname>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Nares.</au>



<q>A little transverse bone

Which boys and bruckeled children call

(Playing for points and pins) <qex>cockal</qex>.</q>

<qau>Herrick.</qau>



<hw>Cock`a*leek"ie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<ets>cock</ets> + <ets>leek</ets>.]</ety> <def>A favorite soup in

Scotland, made from a capon highly seasoned, and boiled with

leeks and prunes.</def>



<hw>Cock`a*ma*roo"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

Russian variety of bagatelle.</def>



<hw>Cock"a*teel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An Australian parrot (<spn>Calopsitta

Nov\'91-Hollandi\'91</spn>); -- so called from its note.</def>



<hw>Cock`a*too</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Malayan

<ets>kakat\'d4a</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bird

of the Parrot family, of the subfamily <spn>Cacatuin\'91</spn>,

having a short, strong, and much curved beak, and the head

ornamented with a crest, which can be raised or depressed at

will. There are several genera and many species; as the

broad-crested (<spn>Plictolophus, <or/ Cacatua, cristatus</spn>),

the sulphur-crested (<spn>P. galeritus</spn>), etc. The palm or

great black cockatoo of Australia is <spn>Microglossus

aterrimus</spn>.



Cock"a*trice</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>cocatrice</ets> crocodile, F. <ets>cocatrix</ets>,

<ets>cocatrice</ets>. The word is a corruption from the same

source as E. <ets>crocodile</ets>, but was confused with

<ets>cock</ets> the bird, F. <ets>coq</ets>, whence arose the

fable that the animal was produced from a <ets>cock's</ets> egg.

See <er>Crocodile</er>.]</ety>



<-- p. 273 -->



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A fabulous serpent whose breath and look were

said to be fatal. See <er>Basilisk</er>.</def>



<q>That bare vowel, I, shall poison more

Than the death-darting eye of <qex>cockatrice</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A representation of this

serpent. It has the head, wings, and legs of a bird, and tail of

a serpent.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Script.)</fld> <def>A venomous serpent which

which cannot now be identified.</def>



<q>The weaned child shall put his hand on the

<qex>cockatrice's</qex> <note>[Rev. Ver.

<qex>basilisk's</qex>]</note> den.</q>

<qau>Is. xi. 8.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Any venomous or deadly thing.</def>



<q>This little <qex>cockatrice</qex> of a king.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<hw>Cock"bill</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Cock</er> to set erect.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To

tilt up one end of so as to make almost vertical; <as>as, to

<ex>cockbill</ex> the yards as a sign of mourning</as>.</def>



<cs><col>To cockbill the anchor</col>, <cd>to suspend it from the

cathead preparatory to letting it go. See

<er>Acockbill</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cock"boat`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Cock</er> a boat.]</ety> <def>A small boat, esp. one used on

rivers or near the shore.</def>



<hw>Cock"-brained`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Giddy;

rash.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Cock"chaf`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Chafer</er> the beetle.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

beetle of the genus <spn>Melolontha</spn> (esp. <spn>M.

vulgaris</spn>) and allied genera; -- called also <altname>May

bug</altname>, <altname>chafer</altname>, or

<altname>dorbeetle</altname>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cock"crow</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Cock"crow`ing</hw>,

}</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>The time at which cooks first crow;

the early morning.</def>



<hw>Cock"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Cockered</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Cockering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>cokeren</ets>;

cf. W. <ets>cocru</ets> to indulge, fondle, E. <ets>cock</ets>

the bird, F. <ets>coqueliner</ets> to dandle (Cotgrave), to

imitate the crow of a cock, to run after the girls, and E.

<ets>cockle</ets>, v.]</ety> <def>Th treat with too great

tenderness; to fondle; to indulge; to pamper.</def>



<q><qex>Cocker</qex> thy child and he shall make thee afraid.</q>

<qau>Ecclesiasticus xxx. 9.</qau>



<q>Poor folks cannot afford to <qex>cocker</qex> themselves

up.</q>

<qau>J. Ingelow.</qau>



<hw>Cock"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From <er>Cock</er> the

bird.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One given to cockfighting.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Steele.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small dog of the spaniel

kind, used for starting up woodcocks, etc.</def>



<hw>Cock"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>coker</ets>

qyiver, boot, AS. <ets>cocer</ets> quiver; akin to G.

<ets>k\'94cher</ets> quiver, and perh. originally meaning

<ets>receptacle</ets>, <ets>holder</ets>. Cf. <er>Quiver</er>

(for arrows).]</ety> <def>A rustic high shoe or half-boots.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Drayton.</au>



<hw>Cock"er*el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. a

double dim. of <ets>cock</ets>.]</ety> <def>A young cock.</def>



<hw>Cock"et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>coquet</ets> coquettish. See <er>Coquette</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>Pert; saucy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>Cock"et</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld>

<def>A customhouse seal; a certified document given to a shopper

as a warrant that his goods have been duly enstered and have paid

duty.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An office in a customhouse where goods intended

for export are entered.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A measure for bread.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Blount.</au>



<hw>Cock"eye`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<ets>cock</ets> to turn up.]</ety> <def>A squinting eye.</def>



<au>Forby.</au>



<hw>Cock"eye`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>The

socket in the ball of a millstone, which sits on the

cockhead.</def>



<hw>Cock"fight`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A match or

contest of gamecocks.</def>



<hw>Cock"fight`ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act or practice

of pitting gamecocks to fight.</def>



<hw>Cock"fight`ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Addicted to

cockfighting.</def>



<hw>Cock"head`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>The rounded or pointed top of a grinding

mill spindle, forming a pivot on which the stone is

balanced.</def>



<hw>Cock"horse`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A child's rocking-horse.</def>



<q>Ride a <qex>cockhorse</qex> to Banbury cross.</q>

<qau>Mother Goose.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A high or tall horse.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Cock"horse`</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Lifted up,

as one is on a tall horse.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Lofty in feeling; exultant; pround;

upstart.</def>



<q>Our painted fools and <qex>cockhorse</qex> peasantry.</q>

<qau>Marlowe.</qau>



<hw>Cock`ie*leek"ie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Cockaleekie</er>.</def>



<hw>Cock"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Cockfighting.</def>



<au>Ben Jonson.</au>



<hw>Coc"kle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>cockes</ets> cockles, AS. <ets>s<?/coccas</ets> sea cockles,

prob, from Celtic; cf. W. <ets>cocs</ets> cockles, Gael.

<ets>cochull</ets> husk. Perh. influenced by EF.

<ets>coquille</ets> shell, a dim. from the root of E.

<ets>conch</ets>. Cf. <er>Coach</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bivalve mollusk, with radiating

ribs, of the genus <spn>Cardium</spn>, especially <spn>C.

edule</spn>, used in Europe for food; -- sometimes applied to

similar shells of other genera.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A cockleshell.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The mineral black tourmaline or schorl; -- so

called by the Cornish miners.</def>



<au>Raymond.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The fire chamber of a furnace.</def>

<mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<au>Knight.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A hop-drying kiln; an oast.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>The dome of a heating furnace.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<cs><col>Cockle hat</col>, <cd>a hat ornamented with a

cockleshell, the badge of a pilgrim.</cd> <au>Shak.</au> --

<col>Cockle stairs</col>, <cd>winding or spiral stairs.</cd></cs>



<hw>Coc"kle</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Cockled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Cockling</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Of

uncertian origin.]</ety> <def>To cause to contract into wrinkles

or ridges, as some kinds of cloth after a wetting.</def>



<cs><col>Cockling sea</col>, <cd>waves dashing against each other

with a short and quick motion.</cd>



<au>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</au></cs>



<hw>Coc"kle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>coccel</ets>,

<ets>cocel</ets>; cf. Gael. <ets>cogall</ets> tares, husks,

cockle.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A plant or

weed that grows among grain; the corn rose (<spn>Luchnis

Githage</spn>).</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The <spn>Lotium</spn>, or

darnel.</def>



<hw>Coc"kle*bur`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A coarse, composite weed, having a rough

or prickly fruit; one of several species of the genus

<spn>Xanthium</spn>; -- called also

<altname>clotbur</altname>.</def>



<hw>Coc"kled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Inclosed in a

shell.</def>



<q>The tender horns of <qex>cockled</qex> snails.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Coc"kled</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Wrinkled; puckered.</def>



<q>Showers soon drench the camlet's <qex>cockled</qex> grain.</q>

<qau>Gay.</qau>



<hw>Coc"kler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who takes

and sells cockles.</def>



<hw>Coc"kle*shell`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One of the shells or valves of a cockle.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A light boat.</def>



<q>To board the <qex>cockleshell</qex> in those plunding

waters.</q>

<qau>W. Black.</qau>



<hw>Cock"loft`</hw> <pr>(?; 115)</pr> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prop.,

a loft where <ets>cocks</ets> roost.]</ety> <def>An upper loft; a

garret; the highest room in a building.</def>



<au>Dryden. Swift.</au>



<hw>Cock"mas`ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

breeds gamecocks.</def>



<au>L'Estrange.</au>



<hw>Cock"match`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

cockfight.</def>



<hw>Cock"ney</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Cockneys</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[OE.

<ets>cocknay</ets>, <ets>cokenay</ets>, a spoiled child,

effeminate person, an egg; prob. orig. a cock's egg, a small

imperfect egg; OE. <ets>cok</ets> cock + <ets>nay</ets>,

<ets>neye</ets>, for <ets>ey</ets> egg (cf. <er>Newt</er>), AS.

<ets>\'91g</ets>. See 1st <er>Cock</er>, <er>Egg</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An effeminate person; a

spoilt child.</def> \'bdA young heir or <xex>cockney</xex>, that

is his mother's darling.\'b8



<au>Nash (1592).</au>



<q>This great lubber, the world, will prove a

<qex>cockney</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A native or resident of the city of London; --

used contemptuosly.</def>



<q>A <qex>cockney</qex> in a rural village was stared at as much

as if he had entered a kraal of Hottentots.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Cock"ney</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or relating to, or like,

cockneys.</def>



<hw>Cock"ney*dom</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The region

or home of cockneys; cockneys, collectively.</def>



<au>Thackeray.</au>



<hw>Cock"ney*fi</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cockney</ets> + <ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <def>To form

with the manners or character of a cockney.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Cock"ney*ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Characteristic of, or

resembling, cockneys.</def>



<hw>Cock"ney*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

charasteristics, manners, or dialect, of a cockney.</def>



<hw>Cock"-pad`le</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.

uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See

<er>Lumpfish</er>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Cock"pit`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

pit, or inclosed area, for cockfights.</def>



<q>Henry the Eight had built . . . a <qex>cockpit</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The Privy Council room at Westminster; -- so

called because built on the site of the cockpit of Whitehall

palace.</def>



<au>Brande & C.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>That part of a

war vessel appropriated to the wounded during an

engagement.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In yachts and other small

vessels, a space lower than the rest of the deck, which affords

easy access to the cabin.</def>



<hw>Cock"roach</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.

<ets>cucaracha</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An

orthopterus insect of the genus <spn>Blatta</spn>, and allied

genera.</def>



<note><hand/ The species are numerous, especially in hot

countries. Those most commonly infesting houses in Europe and

North America are <spn>Blatta orientalis</spn>, a large species

often called <xex>black beetle</xex>, and the Croton bug

(<spn>Ectobia Germanica</spn>).</note>



<hw>Cocks"comb</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[1st

<ets>cock</ets>, n. + <ets>comb</ets> crest.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>See <er>Coxcomb</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant (<spn>Celosia

cristata</spn>), of many varieties, cultivated for its broad,

fantastic spikes of brilliant flowers; -- sometimes called

<xex>garden cockscomb</xex>. Also the <spn>Pedicularis</spn>, or

lousewort, the <spn>Rhinanthus Crista-galli</spn>, and the

<spn>Onobrychis Crista-galli</spn>.</def>



<hw>Cocks"head`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>(Bot.) A

leguminous herb (<spn>Onobrychis Caput-galli</spn>), having small

spiny-crested pods.</def>



<hw>Cock"shut`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A kind of

net to catch woodcock.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Nares.</au>



<cs><mcol><col>Cockshut time</col> <or/ <col>light</col></mcol>,

<cd>evening twilight; nightfall; -- so called in allusion to the

tome at which the cockshut used to be spread.</cd>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark></cs>



<au>Shak. B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Cock"shy`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

game in which trinkets are set upon sticks, to be thrown at by

the players; -- so called from an ancient popular sport which

consisted in \'bdshying\'b8 or throwing cudgels at live

cocks.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An object at which stones are flung.</def>



<q>\'bdMaking a <qex>cockshy</qex> of him,\'b8 replied the

hideous small boy.</q>

<qau>Dickens.</qau>



<hw>Cock"spur</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A variety of <spn>Crat\'91gus</spn>, or hawthorn (<spn>C.

Crus-galli</spn>), having long, straight thorns; -- called also

<altname>Cockspur thorn</altname>.</def>



<hw>Cock"sure`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Perfectly safe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>We steal as in a castle, cocksure: . . . we walk

invisible.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Quite certain.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<q>I throught myself <qex>cocksure</qex> of the horse which he

readily promised me.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<hw>Cock"swain</hw> <pr>(?, <mark>colloq</mark>. ?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Cock</ets> a boat + <ets>swain</ets>;

hence, the master of a boat.]</ety> <def>The steersman of a boat;

a petty officer who has charge of a boat and its crew.</def>



<hw>Cock"tail`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A beverage made of brandy, whisky, or gin, iced, flavored,

and sweetened.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Stock Breeding)</fld> <def>A horse, not of pure

breed, but having only one eighth or one sixteenth impure blood

in his veins.</def>



<au>Darwin.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A mean, half-hearted fellow; a coward.</def>

<mark>[Slang, Eng.]</mark>



<q>It was in the second affair that poor little Barney showed he

was a <qex>cocktail</qex>.</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species of rove beetle;

-- so called from its habit of elevating the tail.</def>



<hw>Cock"up</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large, highly esteemed, edible fish

of India (<spn>Lates calcarifer</spn>); -- also called

<altname>begti</altname>.</def>



<hw>Cock"weed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Peppergrass.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Cock"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Cocket</er>.]</ety> <def>Pert.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>Co"co</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <or/ <hw>Co"co

palm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>.}</mhw> <def>See <er>Cocoa</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Co"coa</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>, <hw>Co"coa

palm`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw> <ety>[Sp. & Pg. <ets>coco</ets>

cocoanut, in Sp. also, cocoa palm.  The Portuguese name is said

to have been given from the monkeylike face at the base of the

nut, fr. Pg. <ets>coco</ets> a bugbear, an ugly mask to frighten

children. Cf., however, Gr. <?/ the cocoa palm and its fruit,

<?/, <?/, a kind of Egyptian palm.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A palm tree producing the cocoanut (<spn>Cocos

nucifera</spn>). It grows in nearly all tropical countries,

attaining a height of sixty or eighty feet. The trunk is without

branches, and has a tuft of leaves at the top, each being fifteen

or twenty feet in length, and at the base of these the nuts hang

in clusters; the cocoanut tree.</def>



<hw>Co"coa</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Corrupted fr.

<ets>cacao</ets>.]</ety> <def>A preparation made from the seeds

of the chocolate tree, and used in making, a beverage; also the

beverage made from cocoa or cocoa shells.</def>



<cs><col>Cocoa shells</col>, <cd>the husks which separate from

the cacao seeds in preparing them for use.</cd></cs>



<hw>Co"coa*nut`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The large,

hard-shelled nut of the cocoa palm. It yields an agreeable milky

liquid and a white meat or albumen much used as food and in

making oil.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Co`co*bo"lo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Co`co*bo"las</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Sp. <ets>cocobolo</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

very beautiful and hard wood, obtained in the West India Islands.

It is used in cabinetmaking, for the handles of tools, and for

various fancy articles.</def>



<hw>Co*coon"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>cocon</ets>, dim. of <ets>coque</ets> shell of egge and

insects, fr. L. <ets>concha</ets> mussel shell. See

<er>Conch</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An oblong case in which

the silkworn lies in its chrysalis state. It is formed of threads

of silk spun by the worm just before leaving the larval state.

From these the silk of commerce is prepared.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The case

constructed by any insect to contain its larva or pupa.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The case of silk made by spiders to protect

their eggs.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The egg cases of mucus, etc.,

made by leeches and other worms.</def>



<hw>Co*coon"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A building

or apartment for silkworms, when feeding and forming

cocoons.</def>



<hw>Coc"ti*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Coctile</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being cooked.</def>



<au>Blount.</au>



<hw>Coc"tile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>coctilis</ets>, fr. <ets>coguere</ets>. <ets>See</ets>

<er>Cook</er>.]</ety> <def>Made by baking, or exposing to heat,

as a brick.</def>



<hw>Coc"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>coctio</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Act of boiling.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Digestion.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The change which the

humorists believed morbific matter undergoes before

elimination.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>Co"cus wood`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A West Indian wood, used

for making flutes and other musical instruments.</def>



<hw>Cod</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>codd</ets> small bag; akin to Icel. <ets>koddi</ets> pillow,

Sw. <ets>kudde</ets> cushion; cf. W. <ets>cod</ets>,

<ets>ciod</ets>, bag, shell.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A husk; a pod; <as>as, a

peas<ex>cod</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<au>Mortimer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A small bag or pouch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The scortum.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A pillow or cushion. <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

Halliwell.</def>



<hw>Cod</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>gadde</ets>, and

(in Heligoland) <ets>gadden</ets>, L. <ets>gadus</ets>

merlangus.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An important edible

fish (<spn>Gadus morrhua</spn>), Taken in immense numbers on the

northern coasts of Europe and America. It is especially abundant

and large on the Grand Bank of Newfoundland. It is salted and

dried in large quantities.</def>



<note><hand/ There are several varieties; as <stype>shore

cod</stype>, from shallow water; <stype>bank cod</stype>, from

the distant banks; and <stype>rock cod</stype>, which is found

among ledges, and is often dark brown or mottled with red. The

<stype>tomcod</stype> is a distinct species of small size. The

<stype>bastard</stype>, <stype>blue</stype>,

<stype>buffalo</stype>, or <stype>cultus cod</stype> of the

Pacific coast belongs to a distinct family. See <stype>Buffalo

cod</stype>, under <er>Buffalo</er>.</note>



<cs><col>Cod fishery</col>, <cd>the business of fishing for

cod.</cd> -- <col>Cod line</col>, <cd>an eighteen-thread line

used in catching codfish.</cd></cs>



<au>McElrath.</au>



<hw>\'d8Co"da</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It., tail,

fr. L. <ets>cauda</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A few

measures added beyond the natural termination of a

composition.</def>



<hw>Cod"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A gatherer of

cods or peas.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Cod"ding</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Lustful.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Cod"dle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Coddled</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Coddling</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. <er>Prov</er>. E.

<ets>caddle</ets> to coax, spoil, fondle, and <er>Cade</er>,

<pos>a.</pos> & <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>codle</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To parboil, or soften

by boiling.</def>



<q>It [the guava fruit] may be <qex>coddled</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dampier.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To treat with excessive tenderness; to

pamper.</def>



<q>How many of our English princes have been <qex>coddled</qex>

at home by their fond papas and mammas!</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



<q>He [Lord Byron] never <qex>coddled</qex> his reputation.</q>

<qau>Southey.</qau>



<hw>Cod"dy*mod"dy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A gull in the plumage of its first

year.</def>



<hw>Code</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L.

<ets>codex</ets>, <ets>caudex</ets>, the stock or <?/tem of a

tree, a board or tablet of wood smeared over with wax, on which

the ancients originally wrote; hence, a book, a writting.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A body of law, sanctioned by legislation, in

which the rules of law to be specifically applied by the courts

are set forth in systematic form; a compilation of laws by public

authority; a digest.</def>



<note><hand/ The collection of laws made by the order of

Justinian is sometimes called, by way of eminence. \'bd<xex>The

Code</xex>\'b8</note>



<au>Wharton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any system of rules or regulations relating to

one subject; <as>as, the medical <ex>code</ex>, a system of rules

for the regulation of the professional conduct of physicians; the

naval <ex>code</ex>, a system of rules for making communications

at sea means of signals.</as></def>



<cs><mcol><col>Code civil</col> <or/ <col>Code

Napoleon</col></mcol>, <cd>a code enacted in France in 1803 and

1804, embodying the law of rights of persons and of property

generally.</cd>



<au>Abbot.</au>

</cs>



<hw>Co`de*fend"ant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A joint

defendant.</def>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<hw>Co*de"ine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

poppy head: cf. F. <ets>cod<?/ine</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of the opium alkaloids; a white

crystalline substance, <chform>C18H21NO3</chform>, similar to and

regarded as a derivative of morphine, but much feebler in its

action; -- called also <altname>codeia</altname>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Co*det"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.,

dim. of <ets>coda</ets> tail.] <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A short

passage connecting two sections, but not forming part of either;

a short coda.</def>



<hw>\'d8Co"dex</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Codices</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L. See

<er>Code</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A book; a

manuscript.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A collection or digest of laws; a code.</def>



<au>Burrill.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An ancient manuscript of the Sacred Scriptures,

or any part of them, particularly the New Testament.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A collection of canons.</def>



<au>Shipley.</au>



<hw>Cod"fish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A kind of fish. Same as

<er>Cod</er>.</def>



<hw>Codg"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Cadger</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A miser or mean

person.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A singular or odd person; -- a familiar,

humorous, or depreciatory appellation.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<q>A few of us old <qex>codgers</qex> met at the fireside.</q>

<qau>Emerson.</qau>



<hw>Cod"i*cal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Ralating to a

codex, or a code.</def>



<hw>Cod"i*cil</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>codicillus</ets>, dim. of <ets>codex</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>codicille</ets>. See <er>Code</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld>

<def>A clause added to a will.</def>



<hw>Cod`i*cil"la*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>codicillaris</ets>, <ets>codicillarius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of

the nature of a codicil.</def>



<hw>Co`di*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>codification</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or

process of codifying or reducing laws to a code.</def>



<hw>Co"di*fi`er</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

who codifies.</def>



<hw>Co"di*fy</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; 277)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Codified</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Codifying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[<ets>Code</ets> +

<ets>-fy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>codifier</ets>.]</ety> <def>To reduce

to a code, as laws.</def>



<hw>Co*dil"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. L.

<ets>codicula</ets> a little tail, dim. of <ets>cauda</ets>

tail.]</ety> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>The coarse tow of flax and

hemp.</def>



<au>McElrath.</au>



<hw>Co*dille"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>codile</ets>.]</ety> <def>A term at omber, signifying that

the game is won.</def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>Co"dist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A codifier; a

maker of codes.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Co"dle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>See

<er>Coddle</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cod"lin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Cod"ling</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. AS.

<ets>cod\'91ppel</ets> a quince.]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An

apple fit to stew or coddle.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An immature

apple.</def>



<q>A <qex>codling</qex> when 't is almost an apple.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>Codling moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small

moth (<spn>Carpocapsa Pomonella</spn>), which in the larval state

(known as the <xex>apple worm<xex>) lives in apples, often doing

great damage to the crop.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cod"ling</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Dim. of <ets>cod</ets> the

fish.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A young cod; also, a

hake.</def>



<hw>Cod" liv`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The liver

of the common cod and allied species.</def>



<cs><col>Cod-liver oil</col>, <cd>an oil obtained fron the liver

of the codfish, and used extensively in medicine as a means of

supplying the body with fat in cases of malnutrition.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cod"piece`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cod</ets>, n., <?/ + <ets>piece</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

part of male dress in front of the breeches, formerly made very

conspicuous.</def>



<au>Shak. Fosbroke.</au>



<hw>C\'d2*cil"i*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>C\'91cilian</er>.</def>



<hw>Co*ed`u*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

educating together, as of persons of different sexes or

races.</def><-- usu. of different sexes. -->



<wordforms><wf>Co*ed`u*ca"tion*al</wf> <pr>(<?/)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Co*ef"fi*ca*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Joint

efficacy.</def>



<hw>Co`ef*fi"cien*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Joint

efficiency; co\'94peration.</def>



<au>Glanvill.</au>



<hw>Co`ef*fi"cient</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Co\'94perating; acting together to produce an effect.</def>



<wordforms><wf>Co`ef*fi"cient*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Co`ef*fi"cient</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That

which unites in action with something else to produce the same

effect.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>coefficient</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A number or letter put before a letter or

quantity, known or unknown, to show how many times the latter is

to be taken; <as>as, 6<it>x</it>; <it>bx</it>; here 6 and

<it>b</it> are <ex>coefficients</ex> of <it>x</it></as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>A number, commonly used in

computation as a factor, expressing the amount of some change or

effect under certain fixed conditions as to temperature, length,

volume, etc.; <as>as, the <ex>coefficient</ex> of expansion; the

<ex>coefficient</ex> of friction.</as></def>



<cs><col>Arbitrary coefficient</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>a

literal coefficient placed arbitrarily in an algebraic,

expression, the value of the coefficient being afterwards

determined by the conditions of the problem.</cd></cs>



<hw>Coe"horn</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From its

inventor, Baron <ets>Coehorn</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>

<def>A small bronze mortar mounted on a wooden block with

handles, and light enough to be carried short distances by two

men.</def>



<hw>C\'d2l"a*canth</hw> <pr>(? or <?/)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ hollow + <?/ spine.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>Having hollow spines, as some ganoid fishes.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8C\'d2*len"te*ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <or/ 

<hw>\'d8C\'d2*len`te*ra"ta</hw>, }</mhw> <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ hollow + <?/ intestines.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A comprehensive group of Invertebrata,

mostly marine, comprising the <spn>Anthozoa</spn>,

<spn>Hydrozoa</spn>, and <spn>Ctenophora</spn>. The name implies

that the stomach and body cavities are one. The group is

sometimes enlarged so as to include the sponges.</def>



<hw>C\'d2*len"ter*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the C\'d2lentra.</def> --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>One of the C\'d2lentera.</def></def2>



<hw>\'d8C\'d2"li*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/ a cavity of the body, a ventricle.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A cavity.</def>



<note><hand/ The word is applied to the ventricles of the brain,

the different venticles being indicated by prefixes like those

characterizing the parts of the brain in which the cavities are

found; as, <xex>epic\'d2lia</xex>, <xex>mesoc\'d2lia</xex>,

<xex>metac\'d2lia</xex>, <xex>proc\'d2lia</xex>, etc.</note>



<au>B. G. Wilder.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>C\'d2"li*ac</hw>, <hw>Ce"li*ac</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

}</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>coeliacus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr.

<?/ belly, fr. <?/ hollow.]</ety> <def>Relating to the abdomen,

or to the cavity of the abdomen.</def>



<cs><col>C\'d2liac artery</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the

artery which issues from the aorta just below the diaphragm; --

called also <altname>c\'d2liac axis</altname>.</cd> --

<mcol><col>C\'d2liac flux</col>, <col>C\'d2liac

passion</col></mcol> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a chronic flux or

diarrhea of undigested food.</cd></cs>



<hw>C\'d2"lo*dont</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

hollow + <?/, <?/, tooth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>Having hollow teeth; -- said of a group lizards.</def> --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>One of a group of lizards having hollow

teeth.</def></def2>



<hw>C\'d2l`o*sper"mous</hw> <pr>(? <or/ <?/)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ hollow + <?/ seed.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Hollow-seeded; having the ventral face of the seedlike

carpels incurved at the ends, as in coriander seed.</def>



<hw>\'d8C\'d2"lum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.

Gr. <?/ a hollow, neut. of <?/ hollow.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>See <cref>Body cavity</cref>, under <er>Body</er>.</def>



<hw>Co*emp"tion</hw> <pr>(?; 215)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>co\'89mptio</ets>, fr. <ets>co\'89mere</ets> to buy up. See

<er>Emption</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of buying the whole

quantity of any commodity.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>\'d8Co*en"doo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Native

name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Brazilian porcupine

(<spn>Cercolades, <or/ Sphingurus, prehensiles</spn>), remarkable

for its prehensile tail.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>C\'d2*nen"chym</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>\'d8C\'d2*nen"chy*ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL. <ets>coenenchyma</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ common + <?/

something poured in. Formed like <ets>parenchyma</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The common tissue which unites the

polyps or zooids of a compound anthozoan or coral. It may be soft

or more or less ossified. See <er>Coral</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8C\'d2n`es*the"sis</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ common + <?/ sensation.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Common sensation or general

sensibility, as distinguished from the special sensations which

are located in, or ascribed to, separate organs, as the eye and

ear. It is supposed to depend on the ganglionic system.</def>



<hw>C\'d2n"o*bite</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>See <er>Cenobite</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8C\'d2*n\'d2"ci*um</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ common + <?/ house.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The common tissue which unites the

various zooids of a bryozoan.</def>



<hw>C\'d2*nog"a*my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/; <?/ common + <?/ marraige.]</ety> <def>The state of a

community which permits promiscuous sexual intercourse among its

members; -- as in certain primitive tribes or communistic

societies.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>cenogamy</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>C\'d2n"o*sarc</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ common + <?/, <?/, flesh.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The common soft tissue which unites

the polyps of a compound hydroid. See <er>Hydroidea</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8C\'d2*nu"rus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.

fr. Gr. <?/ + <?/ tail.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The

larval stage of a tapeworm (<spn>T\'91nia c\'d2nurus</spn>) which

forms bladderlike sacs in the brain of sheep, causing the fatal

disease known as <xex>water brain</xex>, <xex>vertigo</xex>,

<xex>staggers</xex> or gid.</def>



<note><hand/ This bladder worm has on its surface numerous small

heads, each of which, when swallowed by a dog, becomes a mature

tapeworm in the dog's intestine.</note>



<hw>Co*e"qual</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>coaequalis</ets>; <ets>co-</ets> + <ets>aequalis</ets>

equal.]</ety> <def>Being on an equality in rank or power.</def>

-- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>One who is on an equality with

another.</def></def2>



<q>In once he come to be a cardinal,

He'll make his cap <qex>coequal</qex> with the crown.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Co`e*qual"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

state of being on an equality, as in rank or power.</def>



<hw>Co*e"qual*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With

coequality.</def>



<hw>Co*erce"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Coerced</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Coercing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>co\'89rcere</ets>;

<ets>co-</ets> + <ets>arcere</ets> to shut up, to press together.

See <er>Ark</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To restrain by force,

especially by law or authority; to repress; to curb.</def>



<au>Burke.</au>



<q>Punishments are manifold, that they may <qex>coerce</qex> this

profligate sort.</q>

<qau>Ayliffe.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To compel or constrain to any action; <as>as, to

<ex>coerce</ex> a man to vote for a certain candidate</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To compel or enforce; <as>as, to <ex>coerce</ex>

obedience</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Coerce</er>, <er>Compel</er>.</syn> <usage>

To <xex>compel</xex> denotes to urge on by force which cannot be

resisted. The term aplies equally to physical and moral force;

as, <xex>compelled</xex> by hunger; <xex>compelled</xex> adverse

circumstances; <xex>compelled</xex> by parental affection.

<xex>Coerce</xex> had at first only the negative sense of

checking or restraining by force; as, to <xex>coerce</xex> a bad

man by punishments or a prisoner with fetters. It has now gained

a positive sense., viz., that of driving a person into the

performance of some act which is required of him by another; as,

to <xex>coerce</xex> a man to sign a contract; to

<xex>coerce</xex> obedience. In this sense (which is now the

prevailing one), <xex>coerce</xex> differs but little from

<xex>compel</xex>, and yet there is a distinction between them.

<xex>Coercion</xex> is usually acomplished by indirect means, as

threats and intimidation, physical force being more rarely

employed in <xex>coercing</xex>.</usage>



<hw>Co"er"ci*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of

being coerced.</def>



-- <wordforms><wf>Co*er"ci*ble*ness</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Co*er"cion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>coercio</ets>, fr. <ets>coercere</ets>. See

<er>Coerce</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or process of

coercing.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The application to another of

either physical or moral force. When the force is physical, and

cannot be resisted, then the act produced by it is a nullity, so

far as concerns the party coerced. When the force is moral, then

the act, though voidable, is imputable to the party doing it,

unless he be so paralyzed by terror as to act convulsively. At

the same time coercion is not negatived by the fact of submission

under force. \'bdCoactus volui\'b8 (I consented under compulsion)

is the condition of mind which, when there is volition forced by

coercion, annuls the result of such coercion.</def>



<au>Wharton.</au>



<hw>Co*er"ci*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Coercive.</def> \'bd<xex>Coercitive</xex> power in laws.\'b8



<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>



<hw>Co*er"cive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Serving or

intended to coerce; having power to constrain.</def>



-- <wordforms><wf>Co*er"cive*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

Co*er"cive*ness, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<q><qex>Coercive</qex> power can only influence us to outward

practice.</q>

<qau>Bp. Warburton.</qau>



<cs><mcol><col>Coercive</col> <or/ <col>Coercitive

force</col></mcol> <fld>(Magnetism)</fld>, <cd>the power or force

which in iron or steel produces a slowness or difficulty in

imparting magnetism to it, and also interposes an obstacle to the

return of a bar to its natural state when active magnetism has

ceased. It plainly depends on the molecular constitution of the

metal.</cd></cs>



<au>Nichol.</au>



<q>The power of resisting magnetization or demagnization is

sometimes called <qex>coercive force</qex>.</q>

<qau>S. Thompson.</qau>



<hw>C\'d2`ru*lig"none</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>coeruleus cerulean + lignum</ets> wood + E.

quin<ets>one</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A bluish

violet, crystalline substance obtained in the purification of

crude wood vinegar. It is regarded as a complex quinone

derivative of diphenyl; -- called also

<altname>cedriret</altname>.</def>



<hw>Co`es*sen"tial</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Partaking of the same essence.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Co`es*sen"tial*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<q>We bless and magnify that <qex>coessential</qex> Spirit,

eternally proceeding from both [The Father and the Son].</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<hw>Co`es*sen`ti*al"i*ty</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; 106)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <def>Participation of the same essence.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Co`es*tab"lish*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Joint establishment.</def>



<au>Bp. Watson.</au>



<hw>Co`es*tate"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Joint

estate.</def>



<au>Smolett.</au>



<hw>Co`e*ta"ne*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

personcoetaneous with another; a contemporary.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>A . . . <qex>coetanean</qex> of the late earl of

Southampto<?/.</q>

<qau>Aubrey.</qau>



<hw>Co`e*ta"ne*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>coaetaneus</ets>; <ets>co-</ets> + <ets>aetas</ets>

age.]</ety> <def>Of the same age; beginning to exist at the same

time; contemporaneous.</def>



-- <wordforms><wf>Co`e*ta"ne*ous*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<q>And all [members of the body] are <qex>coetaneous</qex>.</q>

<qau>Bentley.</qau>



<hw>Co`e*ter"nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Equally

eternal. -- <wordforms><wf>Co`e*ter"nal*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv</xex>.</wordforms>



<q>Hail, holy Light, offspring of Heaven first born!

Or of the Eternal <qex>coeternal</qex> beam.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Co`e*ter"ni*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Existence from eternity equally with another eternal being;

equal eternity.</def>



<hw>Co*e"val</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>coaevus</ets>; <ets>co-</ets> + <ets>aevum</ets> lifetime,

age. See <er>Age</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>Of the same age;

existing during the same period of time, especially time long and

remote; -- usually followed by <xex>with</xex>.</def>



<q>Silence! <qex>coeval</qex> with eternity!</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<q>Oaks <qex>coeval</qex> spread a mournful shade.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<hw>Co*e"val</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One of the same age; a

contemporary.</def>



<q>As if it were not enough to have outdone all your

<qex>coevals</qex> in wit.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<hw>Co*e"vous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Coeaval</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>South.</au>



<hw>Co`ex*ec"u*tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A joint

executor.</def>



<hw>Co`ex*ec"u*trix</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A joint

executrix.</def>



<hw>Co`ex*ist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Coexisted</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Coexisting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To

exist at the same time; -- sometimes followed by

<xex>with</xex>.</def>



<q>Of substances no one has any clear idea, farther than of

certain simple ideas <qex>coexisting</qex> together.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<q>So much purity and integrity . . . <qex>coexisting</qex> with

so much decay and so many infirmities.</q>

<qau>Warburton.</qau>



<hw>Co`ex*ist"ence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Existence at the same time with another; -- contemporary

existence.</def>



<q>Without the help, or so much as the <qex>coexistence</qex>, of

any condition.</q>

<qau>Jer.  Taylor.</qau>



<hw>Co`ex*ist"ent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Existing

at the same time with another.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos>

<def>That which coexists with another.</def></def2>



<q>The law of <qex>coexistent</qex> vibrations.</q>

<qau>Whewell.</qau>



<hw>Co`ex*ist"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Coexistent.</def>



<au>Locke.</au>



<hw>Co`ex*tend</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Coextended</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Coextending</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To extend through the

same space or time with another; to extend to the same

degree.</def>



<q>According to which the least body may be <qex>coextended</qex>

with the greatest.</q>

<qau>Boyle.</qau>



<q>Has your English language one single word that is

<qex>coextended</qex> through all these significations?</q>

<qau>Bentley.</qau>



<hw>Co`ex*ten"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act

of extending equally, or the state of being equally

extended.</def>



<hw>Co`ex*ten"sive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Equally

extensive; having <?/ extent; <as>as, consciousness and knowledge

are <ex>coextensive</ex></as>.</def>



<au>Sir W. Hamilton. -</au>



- <wordforms><wf>Co`ex*ten"sive*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

Co`ex*ten"sive*ness, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Cof"fee</hw> <pr>(?; 115)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Turk.

<ets>qahveh</ets>, Ar. <ets>qahuah</ets> wine, coffee, a

decoction of berries. Cf. <er>Caf\'82</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The \'bdbeans\'b8 or \'bdberries\'b8 (pyrenes) obtained from

the drupes of a small evergreen tree of the genus

<spn>Coffea</spn>, growing in Abyssinia, Arabia, Persia, and

other warm regions of Asia and Africa, and also in tropical

America.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The coffee tree.</def>



<note><hand/ There are several species of the coffee tree, as,

<spn>Coffea Arabica</spn>, <spn>C. occidentalis</spn>, and

<spn>C. Liberica</spn>. The white, fragrant flowers grow in

clusters at the root of the leaves, and the fruit is a red or

purple cherrylike drupe, with sweet pulp, usually containing two

pyrenes, commercially called \'bdbeans\'b8 or

\'bdberries\'b8.</note>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The beverage made from the roasted and ground

berry.</def>



<q>They have in Turkey a drink called <qex>coffee</qex> . . .

This drink comforteth the brain and heart, and helpeth

digestion.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<note><hand/ The use of <xex>coffee</xex> is said to have been

introduced into England about 1650, when coffeehouses were opened

in Oxford and London.</note>



<cs><col>Coffee bug</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a species of

scale insect (<spn>Lecanium coff\'91a</spn>), often very

injurious to the coffee tree.</cd> -- <col>Coffee rat</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Musang</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cof"fee*house`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A house

of entertainment, where guests are supplied with coffee and other

refreshments, and where men meet for conversation.</def>



<q>The <qex>coffeehouse</qex> must not be dismissed with a

cursory mention. It might indeed, at that time, have been not

improperly called a most important political institution . . .

The <qex>coffeehouses</qex> were the chief organs through which

the public opinion of the metropolis vented itself . . . Every

man of the upper or middle class went daily to his

<qex>coffeehouse</qex> to learn the news and discuss it. Every

<qex>coffeehouse</qex> had one or more orators, to whose

eloquence the crowd listened with admiration, and who soon became

what the journalists of our own time have been called -- a fourth

estate of the realm.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Cof"fee*man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

keeps a coffeehouse.</def>



<au>Addison.</au>



<hw>Cof"fee*pot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A covered

pot im which coffee is prepared, <?/r is brought upon the table

for drinking.</def>



<hw>Cof"fee*room`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A public

room where coffee and other refreshments may be obtained.</def>



<hw>Cof"fer</hw> <pr>(?; 115)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>cofre</ets>, F. <ets>coffre</ets>, L. <ets>cophinus</ets>

basket, fr. Gr. <?/. Cf. <er>Coffin</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A casket, chest, or trunk; especially, one used

for keeping money or other valuables.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<q>In ivory <qex>coffers</qex> I have stuffed my crowns.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: Treasure or funds; -- usually in the

plural.</def>



<q>He would discharge it without any burden to the queen's

<qex>coffers</qex>, for honor sake.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<q>Hold, here is half my <qex>coffer</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A panel deeply recessed in

the ceiling of a vault, dome, or portico; a caisson.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A trench dug in the botton of

a dry moat, and extending across it, to enable the besieged to

defend it by a raking fire.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The chamber of a canal lock; also, a caisson or

a cofferdam.</def>



<cs><col>Coffer dam</col>. <fld>(Engin.)</fld> <cd>See

<er>Cofferdam</er>, in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Coffer

fish</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See

<er>Cowfish</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cof"fer</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To put into a

coffer.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mining.)</fld> <def>To secure from leaking, as

a chaft, by ramming clay behind the masonry or timbering.</def>



<au>Raymond.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To form with or in a coffer or coffers; to

turnish with a coffer or coffers.</def>



<hw>Cof"fer*dam</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

water-tight inclosure, as of piles packed with clay, from which

the water is pumped to expose the bottom (of a river, etc.) and

permit the laying of foundations, building of piers, etc.</def>



<hw>Cof"fer*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

keeps treasures in a coffer.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Cof"fer*work`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Masonry)</fld> <def>Rubblework faced with stone.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Cof"fin</hw> <pr>(?; 115)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE., a

basket, receptacle, OF. <ets>cofin</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>cophinus</ets>. See <er>Coffer</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The case in which a dead human body is inclosed

for burial.</def>



<q>They embalmed him [Joseph], and he was put in a

<qex>coffin</qex>.</q>

<qau>Gen. 1. 26.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A basket.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Wyclif (matt. xiv. 20).</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A casing or crust, or a mold, of pastry, as for

a pie.</def>



<q>Of the paste a <qex>coffin</qex> I will rear.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A conical paper bag, used by grocers.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Nares.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>The hollow crust or hoof of a

horse's foot, below the coronet, in which is the coffin

bone.</def>



<cs><col>Coffin bone</col>, <cd>the foot bone of the horse and

allied animals, inclosed within the hoof, and corresponding to

the third phalanx of the middle finger, or toe, of most

mammals.</cd> -- <col>Coffin joint</col>, <cd>the joint next

above the coffin bone.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cof"fin</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Coffined</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Coffining</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To inclose in, or

as in, a coffin.</def>



<q>Would'st thou have laughed, had I come <qex>coffined</qex>

home?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Devotion is not <qex>coffined</qex> in a cell.</q>

<qau>John Hall (1646).</qau>



<hw>Cof"fin*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no coffin.</def>



<hw>Cof"fle</hw> <pr>(?; 115)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar.

<ets>kafala</ets> caravan.]</ety> <def>A gang of negro slaves

being driven to market.</def>



<hw>Cog</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp.

& p. p.</pos> <er>Cogged</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Cogging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. W.

<ets>coegio</ets> to make void, to beceive, from <ets>coeg</ets>

empty, vain, foolish. Cf. <er>Coax</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To seduce, or draw away, by adulation, artifice,

or falsehood; to wheedle; to cozen; to cheat.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>I'll . . . <qex>cog</qex> their hearts from them.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To obtrude or thrust in, by falsehood or

deception; <as>as, to <ex>cog</ex> in a word</as>; to palm

off.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Fustian tragedies . . . have, by concerted applauses, been

<qex>cogged</qex> upon the town for masterpieces.</q>

<qau>J. Dennis</qau>



<q>To cog a die, to load so as to direct its fall; to cheat in

playing dice.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<hw>Cog</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To deceive; to

cheat; to play false; to lie; to wheedle; to cajole.</def>



<q>For guineas in other men's breeches,

Your gamesters will palm and will <qex>cog</qex>.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<hw>Cog</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A trick or deception; a

falsehood.</def>



<au>Wm. Watson.</au>



<hw>Cog</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Sw. <ets>kugge</ets> a cog,

or W. <ets>cocos</ets> the cogs of a wheel.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A tooth, cam, or catch for imparting or

receiving motion, as on a gear wheel, or a lifter or wiper on a

shaft; originally, a separate piece of wood set in a mortise in

the face of a wheel.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A kind of tenon

on the end of a joist, received into a notch in a bearing timber,

and resting flush with its upper surface.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>A tenon in a scarf joint; a coak.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mining.)</fld> <def>One of the rough pillars of

stone or coal left to support the roof of a mine.</def>



<hw>Cog</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To furnish with a cog or

cogs.</def>



<cs><col>Cogged breath sound</col> <fld>(Auscultation)</fld>,

<cd>a form of interrupted respiration, in which the interruptions

are very even, three or four to each inspiration.</cd></cs>



<au>Quain.</au>



<hw>Cog</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>cogge</ets>; cf. D.

<ets>kog</ets>, Icel. <ets>kuggr</ets> Cf. <er>Cock</er> a

boat.]</ety> <def>A small fishing boat.</def>



<au>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</au>



<hw>Co"gen*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Cogent</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being cogent; power

of compelling conviction; conclusiveness; force.</def>



<q>An antecedent argument of extreme <qex>cogency</qex>.</q>

<qau>J. H. Newman.</qau>



<hw>Co*ge"ni*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Congenial.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Co"gent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cogens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>cogere</ets> to drive together,

to force; <ets>co-</ets> + agere to drive. See <er>Agent</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>, and cf. <er>Coact</er> to force,

<er>Coagulate</er>, <ets>p</ets>. <pos>a.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Compelling, in a physical sense; powerful.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The <qex>cogent</qex> force of nature.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having the power to compel conviction or move

the will; constraining; conclusive; forcible; powerful; not

easily reasisted.</def>



<q>No better nor more <qex>cogent</qex> reason.</q>

<qau>Dr. H. More.</qau>



<q>Proofs of the most <qex>cogent</qex> description.</q>

<qau>Tyndall.</qau>



<q>The tongue whose strains were <qex>cogent</qex> as commands,

Revered at home, and felt in foreign lands.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Forcible; powerful; potent; urgent; strong;

persuasive; convincing; conclusive; influential.</syn>



<hw>Co"gent*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a cogent manner;

forcibly; convincigly; conclusively.</def>



<au>Locke.</au>



<hw>Cog"ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Cog</er> to wheedle.]</ety> <def>A flatterer or deceiver; a

sharper.</def>



<hw>Cog"ger*y</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Trick; deception.</def>



<au>Bp. Watson.</au>



<hw>Cog"gle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Cog</er> small boat.]</ety> <def>A small fishing boat.</def>



<au>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</au>



<hw>Cog"gle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Cobble</er> a

cobblestone.]</ety> <def>A cobblestone.</def> <mark>[Prov.

Eng.]</mark>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>Cog`i*ta*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality of being cogitable; conceivableness.</def>



<hw>Cog"i*ta*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cogitabilis</ets>, fr. <ets>cogitare</ets> to think.]</ety>

<def>Capable of being brought before the mind as a throught or

idea; conceivable; thinkable.</def>



<q>Creation is <qex>cogitable</qex> by us only as a putting forth

of divine power.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>



<hw>Cog"i*ta*bund`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cogitabundus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Full of thought;

thoughtful.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Leigh Hunt.</au>



<hw>Cog"i*tate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Cogitated</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Cogitating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>cogitatus</ets>,

p. p. of <ets>cogitare</ets> to reflect upon, prob. fr.

<ets>co-</ets> + the root of <ets>aio</ets> I say; hence, prop.,

to discuss with one's self. Cf. <er>Adage</er>.]</ety> <def>To

engage in continuous thought; to think.</def>



<q>He that calleth a thing into his mind, whether by impression

or recordation, <qex>cogitateth</qex> and considereth, and he

that employeth the faculty of his fancy also

<qex>cogitateth</qex>.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<hw>Cog"i*tate</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To think over; to

plan.</def>



<q>He . . . is our witness, how we both day and night, revolving

in our minds, did <qex>cogitate</qex> nothing more than how to

satisfy the parts of a good pastor.</q>

<qau>Foxe.</qau>



<hw>Cog`i*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cogitatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>cogitation</ets>.]</ety>

<def>The act of thinking; thought; meditation;

contemplation.</def> \'bdFixed in <xex>cogitation</xex> deep.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Cog"i*ta*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. LL.

<ets>cogitativus</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Possessing, or

pertaining to, the power of thinking or meditating.</def>

\'bd<xex>Cogitative</xex> faculties.\'b8



<au>Wollaston.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Given to thought or contemplation.</def>



<au>Sir H. Wotton.</au>



<hw>Cog"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A dealer in

cogware or coarse cloth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Wright.</au>



<hw>Co"gnac`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<def>A kind of French brandy, so called from the town of

<xex>Cognac</xex>.</def>



<hw>Cog"nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cognatus</ets>; <ets>co-</ets> + <ets>gnatus</ets>,

<ets>natus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>nasci</ets>, anciently

<ets>gnasci</ets>, to be born. See <er>Nation</er>, and cf.

<er>Connate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Allied by blood;

kindred by birth; specifically <fld>(Law)</fld>, related on the

mother's side.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of the same or a similar nature; of the same

family; proceeding from the same stock or root; allied; kindred;

<as>as, a <ex>cognate</ex> language</as>.</def>



<hw>Cog"nate</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld>

<def>One who is related to another on the female side.</def>



<au>Wharton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One of a number of things allied in origin or

nature; <as>as, certain letters are <ex>cognates</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Cog"nate*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being

cognate.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cog*na"ti</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Relatives by the mother's

side.</def>



<au>Wharton.</au>



<hw>Cog*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cognatio</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Relationship by

blood; descent from the same original; kindred.</def>



<q>As by our <qex>cognation</qex> to the body of the first

Adam.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Participation of the same nature.</def>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<q>A like temper and <qex>cognation</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir K. Digby.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>That tie of consanguinity which

exists between persons descended from the same mother; -- used in

distinction from <xex>agnation</xex>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cog*na"tus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a

kinsman.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A person cinnected through

cognation.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cog`ni*sor"</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>,

<hw>Cog`ni*see</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Cognizor</er>, <er>Cognizee</er>.</def>



<hw>Cog*ni"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cognitio</ets>, fr. <ets>cognoscere</ets>,

<ets>cognitum</ets>, to become acquainted with, to know;

<ets>co-</ets> + <ets>noscere</ets>, <ets>gnoscere</ets>, to get

a knowledge of. See <er>Know</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of knowing; knowledge; perception.</def>



<q>I will not be myself nor have <qex>cognation</qex>

Of what I feel: I am all patience.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is known.</def>



<hw>Cog"ni*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Knowing, or

apprehending by the understanding; <as>as, <ex>cognitive</ex>

power</as>.</def>



<au>South.</au>



<hw>Cog"ni*za*ble</hw> <pr>(? <or/ <?/)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[F. <ets>connaissable</ets>, fr. <ets>conna\'8ctre</ets> to

know, L. <ets>cognoscere</ets>. See Cognition.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Capable of being known or apprehended; <as>as,

<ex>cognizable</ex> causes</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fitted to be a subject of judicial

investigation; capable of being judicially heard and

determined.</def>



<q><qex>Cognizable</qex> both in the ecclesiastical and secular

courts.</q>

<qau>Ayliffe.</qau>



<hw>Cog"ni*za*bly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a cognizable

manner.</def>



<hw>Cog"ni*zance</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[OF. <ets>conissance</ets>, <ets>conoissance</ets>, F.

<ets>conaissance</ets>, LL. <ets>cognoscentia</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>cognoscere</ets> to know. See <er>Cognition</er>, and cf.

<er>Cognoscence</er>, <er>Connoisseur</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Apprehension by the understanding; perception;

observation.</def>



<q>Within the <qex>cognizance</qex> and lying under the control

of their divine Governor.</q>

<qau>Bp. Hurd</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Recollection; recognition.</def>



<q>Who, soon as on that knight his eye did glance,

Eftsoones of him had perfect <qex>cognizance</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Jurisdiction, or

the power given by law to hear and decide controversies.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The hearing a matter judicially.</def>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>An acknowledgment of a fine of lands and

tenements or confession of a thing done.</def>

<mark>[Eng.]</mark> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A form of defense in the

action of replevin, by which the defendant insists that the goods

were lawfully taken, as a distress, by defendant, acting as

servant for another.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<au>Cowell. Mozley & W.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The distinguishing mark worn by an armed knight,

usually upon the helmet, and by his retainers and followers:

Hence, in general, a badge worn by a retainer or dependent, to

indicate the person or party to which he belonged; a token by

which a thing may be known.</def>



<q>Wearing the liveries and <qex>cognizance</qex> of their

master.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<q>This pale and angry rose,

As <qex>cognizance</qex> of my blood-drinking hate.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Cog"ni*zant</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Cognizance</er>, and cf. <er>Connusant</er>.]</ety>

<def>Having cognizance or knowledge. (<it>of</it>).</def>



<hw>Cog"nize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Cognizant</er>, <er>Recognize</er>.]</ety> <def>To know or

perceive; to recognize.</def>



<q>The reasoning faculty can deal with no facts until they are

<qex>cognized</qex> by it.</q>

<qau>H. Spencer.</qau>



<hw>Cog`ni*zee"</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One to whom a fine of land was

ackowledged.</def>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<hw>Cog`ni*zor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Cognizance</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who

ackowledged the right of the plaintiff or cognizee in a fine; the

defendant.</def>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<hw>Cog*no"men</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.:

<ets>co-</ets> + (<ets>g</ets>)<ets>nomen</ets> name.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The last of the three names of a person among

the ancient Romans, denoting his house or family.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A surname.</def>



<hw>Cog*nom"i*nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to a cognomen; of the nature of a surname.</def>



<hw>Cog*nom"i*nal</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One bearing the same

name; a namesake.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Cog*nom`i*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cognominatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A cognomen or surname.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>



<hw>Cog*nos"cence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>cognoscentia</ets>. See <er>Cognizance</er>.]</ety>

<def>Cognizance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Dr. H. More.</au>



<hw>\'d8Cog`nos*cen"te</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Cognoscenti</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[OIt.

<ets>cognoscente</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>cognoscere</ets>, It.

<ets>conoscere</ets> to know.]</ety> <def>A conoisseur.</def>



<au>Mason.</au>



<hw>Cog*nos`ci*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality of being cognoscible.</def>



<au>Cudworth.</au>



<hw>Cog*nos"ci*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Capable of being known.</def> \'bdMatters intelligible and

<xex>cognoscible</xex>.\'b8



<au>Sir M. Hale.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Liable to judicial investigation.</def>



<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>



<hw>Cog*nos"ci*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

the power of knowing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdAn innate

<xex>cognoscitive</xex> power.\'b8



<au>Cudworth.</au>



<hw>\'d8Cog*no"vit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., he

has acknowledged.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An instrument in

writting whereby a defendant in an action acknowledges a

plaintiff's demand to be just.</def>



<au>Mozley & W.</au>



<hw>Co*guard"i*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A joint

guardian.</def>



<hw>Cogue</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Cog</er>

a small boat.]</ety> <def>A small wooden vessel; a pail.</def>

<mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<au>Jamieson.</au>



<hw>Cog"ware`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A coarse,

narrow cloth, like frieze, used by the lower classes in the

sixteenth century.</def>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>Cog"wheel`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A wheel with

cogs or teeth; a gear wheel. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of

<er>Gearing</er>.</def>



<hw>Co*hab"it</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Cohabited</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Cohabiting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>cohabitare</ets>; <ets>co-</ets> + <ets>habitare</ets> to

dwell, to have possession of (a place), freg. of

<ets>habere</ets> to have. See <er>Habit</er>, <pos>n.</pos> &

<pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To inhabit or reside in

company, or in the same place or country.</def>



<q>The Philistines were worsted by the captived ark . . . : they

were not able to <qex>cohabit</qex> with that holy thing.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To dwell or live together as husband and

wife.</def>



<q>The law presumes that husband and wife <qex>cohabit</qex>

together, even after a voluntary separation has taken place

between them.</q>

<qau>Bouvier.</qau>



<note><hand/ By the common law as existing in the United States,

marriage is presumed when a man and woman <xex>cohabit</xex>

permanently together, being reputed by those who know them to be

husband and wife, and admitting the relationship.</note>



<au>Wharton.</au>



<hw>Co*hab"it*ant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cohabitans</ets>, p. pr.]</ety> <def>One who dwells with

another, or in the same place or country.</def>



<q>No small number of the Danes became peaceable

<qex>cohabitants</qex> with the Saxons in England.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Raleigh.</qau>



<-- p. 276 -->



<hw>Co*hab"i*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cohabitatio</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or state

of dwelling together, or in the same place with another.</def>



<au>Feltham.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The living together of a man

and woman in supposed sexual relationship.</def>



<q>That the duty of <qex>cohabitation</qex> is released by the

cruelty of one of the parties is admitted.</q>

<qau>Lord Stowell.</qau>



<hw>Co*hab"it*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

cohabitant.</def>



<au>Hobbes.</au>



<hw>Co*heir</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A joint heir;

one of two or more heirs; one of several entitled to an

inheritance.</def>



<hw>Co*heir"ess</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A female

heir who inherits with other heiresses; a joint heiress.</def>



<hw>Co*heir"ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being a

coheir.</def>



<hw>Co*her"ald</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A joint

herald.</def>



<hw>Co*here"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Cohered</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Cohering</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>cohaerere</ets>,

<ets>cohaesum</ets>; <ets>co-</ets> + <ets>haerere</ets> to

stick, adhere. See <er>Aghast</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To stick together; to cleave; to be united; to

hold fast, as parts of the same mass.</def>



<q>Neither knows he . . . how the solid parts of the body are

united or <qex>cohere</qex> together.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be united or connected together in

subordination to one purpose; to follow naturally and logically,

as the parts of a discourse, or as arguments in a train of

reasoning; to be logically consistent.</def>



<q>They have been inserted where they best seemed to

<qex>cohere</qex>.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To suit; to agree; to fit.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Had time <qex>cohered</qex> with place, or place with

wishing.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To cleave; unite; adhere; stick; suit; agree; fit;

be consistent.</syn>



<mhw>{ <hw>Co*her"ence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Co*her"en*cy</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cohaerentia</ets>: cf. F. <ets>coh\'82rence</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A sticking or cleaving together; union of parts

of the same body; cohesion.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Connection or dependence, proceeding from the

subordination of the parts of a thing to one principle or

purpose, as in the parts of a discourse, or of a system of

philosophy; consecutiveness.</def>



<q><qex>Coherence</qex> of discourse, and a direct tendency of

all the parts of it to the argument in hand, are most eminently

to be found in him.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<hw>Co*her"ent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cohaerens</ets>, p. pr. See <er>Cohere</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Sticking together; cleaving; as the parts of

bodies; solid or fluid.</def>



<au>Arbuthnot.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Composed of mutually dependent parts; making a

logical whole; consistent; <as>as, a <ex>coherent</ex> plan,

argument, or discourse</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Logically consistent; -- applied to persons;

<as>as, a <ex>coherent</ex> thinker</as>.</def>



<au>Watts.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Suitable or suited; adapted; accordant.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Instruct my daughter how she shall persever,

That time and place, with this deceit so lawful,

May prove <qex>coherent</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Co*her"ent*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a coherent

manner.</def>



<hw>Co*he`si*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>The state of being cohesible.</def>



<au>Good.</au>



<hw>Co*he"si*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of

cohesion.</def>



<hw>Co*he"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>coh\'82sion</ets>. See <er>Cohere</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act or state of sticking together; close union.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>That from of attraction by

which the particles of a body are united throughout the mass,

whether like or unlike; -- distinguished from

<xex>adhesion</xex>, which unites bodies by their adjacent

surfaces.</def>



<q>Solids and fluids differ in the degree of <qex>cohesion</qex>,

which, being increased, turns a fluid into a solid.</q>

<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Logical agreement and dependence; <as>as, the

<ex>cohesion</ex> of ideas</as>.</def>



<au>Locke.</au>



<hw>Co*he"sive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Holding the particles of a homogeneous body together;

<as>as, <ex>cohesive</ex> attraction</as>; producing cohesion;

<as>as, a <ex>cohesive</ex> force</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Cohering, or sticking together, as in a mass;

capable of cohering; tending to cohere; <as>as, <ex>cohesive</ex>

clay</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Cohesive attraction</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Attraction</er>.</cd></cs>



-- <wordforms><wf>Co*he"sive*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Co*he"sive*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Co*hib"it</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Cohibited</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Cohibiting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>cohibitus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>cohibere</ets> to confine;

<ets>co-</ets> + <ets>habere</ets> to hold.]</ety> <def>To

restrain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Co`hi*bi"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cohibitio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Hindrance; restraint.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Co`ho*bate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Cohobated</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Cohobating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL.

<ets>cohobare</ets>; prob. of Arabic origin: cf. F.

<ets>cohober</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anc. Chem.)</fld> <def>To repeat

the distillation of, pouring the liquor back upon the matter

remaining in the vessel.</def>



<au>Arbuthnot.</au>



<hw>Co`ho*ba"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>cohobation</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anc. Chem.)</fld> <def>The

process of cohobating.</def>



<au>Grew.</au>



<hw>Co"horn</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>

<def>See <er>Coehorn</er>.</def>



<hw>Co"hort</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cohors</ets>, prop. an inclosure: cf. F. <ets>cohorte</ets>.

See <er>Court</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Rom.

Antiq.)</fld> <def>A body of about five or six hundred soldiers;

the tenth part of a legion.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any band or body of warriors.</def>



<q>With him the <qex>cohort</qex> bright

Of watchful cherubim.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A natural group of orders of

plants, less comprehensive than a class.</def>



<hw>Co"hosh</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A perennial American herb (<spn>Caulophyllum

thalictroides</spn>), whose roostock is used in medicine; -- also

called <altname>pappoose root</altname>. The name is sometimes

also given to the <spn>Cimicifuga racemosa</spn>, and to two

species of <spn>Act\'91a</spn>, plants of the Crowfoot

family.</def>



<hw>Coif</hw> <pr>(koif)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>coife</ets>, F. <ets>coiffe</ets>, LL. <ets>cofea</ets>,

<ets>cuphia</ets>, fr. OHG. <ets>kuppa</ets>, <ets>kuppha</ets>,

miter, perh. fr. L. <ets>cupa</ets> tub. See <er>Cup</er>,

<pos>n.</pos> ; but cf. also <er>Cop</er>, <er>Cuff</er> the

article of dress, <er>Quoif</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>A

cap. Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> A close-fitting cap covering the

sides of the head, like a small hood without a cape. <sd>(b)</sd>

An official headdress, such as that worn by certain judges in

England.</def> <altsp>[Writting also <asp>quoif</asp>.]</altsp>



<q>From point and saucy ermine down

To the plain <qex>coif</qex> and russet gown.</q>

<qau>H. Brocke.</qau>



<q>The judges, . . . althout they are not of the first magnitude,

nor need be of the degree of the <qex>coif</qex>, yet are they

considerable.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<hw>Coif</hw> <pr>(koif)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>coiffer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To cover or dress with, or as

with, a coif.</def>



<q>And <qex>coif</qex> me, where I'm bald, with flowers.</q>

<qau>J. G. Cooper.</qau>



<hw>Coifed</hw> <pr>(koift)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Wearing a

coif.</def>



<hw>Coif"fure</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.

<ets>coiffer</ets>. See <er>Coif</er>.]</ety> <def>A headdress,

or manner of dressing the hair.</def>



<au>Addison.</au>



<hw>Coigne</hw> <pr>(koin)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Coin</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>A quoin.</def>



<q>See you yound <qex>coigne</qex> of the Capitol? yon corner

stone?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Coigne</hw>, <hw>Coign"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw>

<pos>n.</pos> <def>The practice of quartering one's self as

landlord on a tenant; a quartering of one's self on

anybody.</def> <mark>[Ireland]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Coil</hw> <pr>(koil)</pr>, <pos>v.t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Coiled</er> (koild);

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Coiling</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OF. <ets>coillir</ets>, F. <ets>cueillir</ets>, to collect,

gather together, L. <ets>coligere</ets>; <ets>col-</ets> +

<ets>legere</ets> to gather. See <er>Legend</er>, and cf.

<er>Cull</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, <er>Collect</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To wind cylindrically or spirally; <as>as, to

<ex>coil</ex> a rope when not in use; the snake <xex>coiled</xex>

itself before springing.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To encircle and hold with, or as with,

coils.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>



<au>T. Edwards.</au>



<hw>Coil</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To wind itself cylindrically

or spirally; to form a coil; to wind; -- often with

<xex>about</xex> or <xex>around</xex>.</def>



<q>You can see his flery serpents . . . 

<qex>Coiting</qex>, playing in the water.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<hw>Coil</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A ring, series of

rings, or spiral, into which a rope, or other like thing, is

wound.</def>



<q>The wild grapevines that twisted their <qex>coils</qex> from

trec to tree.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: Entanglement; toil; mesh;

perplexity.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A series of connected pipes in rows or layers,

as in a steam heating apparatus.</def>



<cs><col>Induction coil</col>. <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <cd>See under

<er>Induction</er>.</cd> -- <col>Ruhmkorff's coil</col>

<fld>(Elec.)</fld>, <cd>an induction coil, sometimes so called

from <ets>Ruhmkorff<ets> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, a prominent manufacturer

of the apparatus.</cd></cs>



<hw>Coil</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Of Celtic origin; cf. Gael.

<ets>goil</ets> fume, rage.]</ety> <def>A noise, tumult, bustle,

or confusion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Coi"lon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See

<er>Cullion</er>.]</ety> <def>A testicle.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Coin</hw> <pr>(koin)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>coin</ets>, formerly also <ets>coing</ets>, wedge, stamp,

corner, fr. L. <ets>cuneus</ets> wedge; prob. akin to E.

<ets>cone</ets>, <ets>hone</ets>. See <er>Hone</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, and cf. <er>Coigne</er>, <er>Quoin</er>,

<er>Cuneiform</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A quoin; a corner or

external angle; a wegde. See <er>Coigne</er>, and

<er>Quoin</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A piece of metal on which certain characters are

stamped by government authority, making it legally current as

money; -- much used in a collective sense.</def>



<q>It is alleged that it [a subsidy] exceeded all the current

<qex>coin</qex> of the realm.</q>

<qau>Hallam.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which serves for payment or

recompense.</def>



<q>The loss of present advantage to flesh and blood is repaid in

a nobler <qex>coin</qex>.</q>

<qau>Hammond.</qau>



<cs><col>Coin balance</col>. <cd>See <xex>Illust<xex>. of

<er>Balance</er>.</cd> -- <col>To pay one in his own coin</col>,

<cd>to return to one the same kind of injury or ill treatment as

has been received from him. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Coin</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Coined</er> <pr>(koind)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Coining</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make

of a definite fineness, and convert into coins, as a mass of

metal; to mint; to manufacture; <as>as, to <ex>coin</ex> silver

dollars; to <ex>coin</ex> a medal.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make or fabricate; to invent; to originate;

<as>as, to <ex>coin</ex> a word</as>.</def>



<q>Some tale, some new pretense, he daily <qex>coined</qex>,

To soothe his sister and delude her mind.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To acquire rapidly, as money; to make.</def>



<q>Tenants cannot <qex>coin</qex> rent just at quarter day.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<hw>Coin</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To manufacture counterfeit

money.</def>



<q>They cannot touch me for <qex>coining</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Coin"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Coin</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, cf. <er>Cuinage</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or process of converting metal into

money.</def>



<q>The care of the <qex>coinage</qex> was committed to the

inferior magistrates.</q>

<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Coins; the aggregate coin of a time or

place.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The cost or expense of coining money.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The act or process of fabricating or inventing;

formation; fabrication; that which is fabricated or forged.</def>

\'bdUnnecessary <xex>coinage</xex> . . . of words.\'b8



<au>Dryden.</au>



<q>This is the very <qex>coinage</qex> of your brain.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Co`in*cide"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Coincided</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Coinciding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>co-</ets> +

<ets>incidere</ets> to fall on; <ets>in + cadere</ets> to fall:

cf. F. <ets>co\'8bncider</ets>. See <er>Chance</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To occupy the same place in

space, as two equal triangles, when placed one on the

other.</def>



<q>If the equator and the ecliptic had <qex>coincided</qex>, it

would have rendered the annual revoluton of the earth

useless.</q>

<qau>Cheyne.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To occur at the same time; to be

contemporaneous; <as>as, the fall of Granada <ex>coincided</ex>

with the discovery of America</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To correspond exactly; to agree; to concur;

<as>as, our aims <ex>coincide</ex></as>.</def>



<q>The rules of right jugdment and of good ratiocination often

<qex>coincide</qex> with each other.</q>

<qau>Watts.</qau>



<hw>Co*in"ci*dence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>co\'8bncidence</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The condition

of occupying the same place in space; <as>as, the

<ex>coincidence</ex> of circles, surfaces, etc.</as></def>



<au>Bentley.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The condition or fact of happening at the same

time; <as>as, the <ex>coincidence</ex> of the deaths of John

Adams and Thomas Jefferson</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Exact correspondence in nature, character,

result, circumstances, etc.; concurrence; agreement.</def>



<q>The very concurrence and <qex>coincidence</qex> of ao many

evidences . . . carries a great weight.</q>

<qau>Sir M. Hale.</qau>



<q>Those who discourse . . . of the nature of truth . . . affirm

a perfect <qex>coincidence</qex> between truth and goodness.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<hw>Co*in"ci*ben*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Coincidence.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Co*in"ci*dent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>co\'8bncident</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having coincidence;

occupying the same place; contemporaneous; concurrent; --

followed by <xex>with</xex>.</def>



<q>Christianity teaches nothing but what is perfectly suitable

to, and <qex>coincident</qex> with, the ruling principles of a

virtuous and well-inclined man.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<hw>Co*in"ci*dent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One of

two or more coincident events; a coincidence.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Coincidents</xex> and accidents.\'b8



<au>Froude.</au>



<hw>Co*in`ci*den"tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Coincident.</def>



<hw>Co*in"ci*dent*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With

coincidence.</def>



<hw>Co`in*cid"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

coincides with another in an opinion.</def>



<hw>Co*in`di*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>co\'8bdication</ets>.]</ety> <def>One of several signs or

sumptoms indicating the same fact; <as>as, a

<ex>coindication</ex> of disease</as>.</def>



<hw>Coin"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

who makes or stamps coin; a maker of money; -- usually, a maker

of counterfeit money.</def>



<q>Precautions such as are employed by <qex>coiners</qex> and

receivers of stolen goods.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An inventor or maker, as of words.</def>



<au>Camden.</au>



<hw>Co`in*hab"it*ant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

who dwells with another, or with others.</def>

\'bd<xex>Coinhabitants</xex> of the same element.\'b8



<au>Dr. H. More.</au>



<hw>Co`in*here"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To

inhere or exist together, as in one substance.</def>



<au>Sir W. Hamilton.</au>



<hw>Co`in*her"it*ance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Joint

inheritance.</def>



<hw>Co`in*her"it*or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

coheir.</def>



<hw>Co`in*i"tial</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Having a common beginning.</def>



<hw>Co*in"qui*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>coinquinatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>coinquinare</ets> to

defile. See <er>Inquinate</er>.]</ety> <def>Topollute.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Skelton.</au>



<hw>Co*in`qui*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Defilement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Co*in"stan*ta"ne*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Happening at the same instant.</def>



<au>C. Darwin.</au>



<hw>Co`intense"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Equal in

intensity or degree; <as>as, the relations between 6 and 12, and

8 and 16, are <ex>cointense</ex></as>.</def>



<au>H. Spencer.</au>



<hw>Co`in*ten"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

condition of being of equal in intensity; -- applied to

relations; <as>as, 3 : 6 and 6 : 12 are relations of

<ex>cointension</ex></as>.</def>



<q><qex>Cointension</qex> . . . is chosen indicate the equality

of relations in respect of the contrast between their terms.</q>

<qau>H. Spencer.</qau>



<hw>Coir</hw> <pr>(koir)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Tamil

<ets>kayiru</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A material for

cordage, matting, etc., consisting of the prepared fiber of the

outer husk of the cocoanut.</def>



<au>Homans.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Cordage or cables, made of this material.</def>



<hw>Cois"tril</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. from

OF. <ets>coustillier</ets> groom or lad. Cf.

<er>Custrel</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An inferior groom or

lad employed by an esquire to carry the knight's arms and other

necessaries.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>coistrel</asp>.]</altsp>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A mean, paltry fellow; a coward.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Coit</hw> <pr>(koit)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Quoit</er>.]</ety> <def>A quoit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Carew.</au>



<hw>Coit</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To throw, as a stone.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Quoit</er>.</def>



<hw>Co*i"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>coitio</ets>, fr. <ets>coire</ets> to come together;

<ets>co-</ets> + <ets>ire</ets> to go.]</ety> <def>A coming

together; sexual intercourse; copulation.</def>



<au>Grew.</au>



<hw>Co*join"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To join; to

conjoin.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Co*ju"ror</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

swears to another's credibility.</def>



<au>W. Wotton.</au>



<hw>Coke</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Perh. akin to

<ets>cake</ets>, n.]</ety> <def>Mineral coal charred, or depriver

of its bitumen, sulphur, or other volatile matter by roasting in

a kiln or oven, or by distillation, as in gas works. It is

lagerly used where <?/ smokeless fire is required.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>coak</asp>.]</altsp>



<cs><col>Gas coke</col>, <cd>the coke formed in gas retorts, as

distinguished from that made in ovens.</cd></cs>



<hw>Coke</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To convert into coke.</def>



<hw>Coke"nay</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

cockney.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Co"ker*nut`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>The cocoanut.</def>



<note><hand/ A mode of spelling introduced by the London

customhouse to distinguish more widely between this and other

articles spelt much in the same manner.</note>



<hw>Cokes</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. Cf.

<er>Coax</er>.]</ety> <def>A simpleton; a gull; a dupe.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Coke"wold</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Cuckold.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Col</hw><def>- (<?/). A prefix signifying <xex>with</xex>,

<xex>together</xex>. See <er>Com</er>-.</def>



<hw>\'d8Col</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., neck, fr.

L. <ets>collum</ets> neck.]</ety> <def>A short ridge connecting

two higher elevations or mountains; the pass over such a

ridge.</def>



<hw>Co*la"bor*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

labors with another; an associate in labor.</def>



<hw>Col"an*der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>colans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>colare</ets>

to filter, to strain, fr. <ets>colum</ets> a strainer. Cf.

<er>Cullis</er>, <er>Culvert</er>.]</ety> <def>A utensil with a

bottom perforated with little holes for straining liquids, mashed

vegetable pulp, etc.; a strainer of wickerwork, perfprated metal,

or the like.</def>



<hw>Co*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Colander</er>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of straining or

filtering.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Co*lat"i*tude</hw> <pr>(?; 134)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Formed like <ets>cosine</ets>. See <er>Cosine</er>.]</ety>

<def>The complement of the latitude, or the difference between

any latitude and ninety degrees.</def>



<hw>Col"a*ture</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>colatura</ets>, from <ets>colare</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>colature</ets>. See <er>Colander</er>.]</ety> <def>The

process of straining; the matter strained; a strainer.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Col"ber*tine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From Jean

Baptiste <ets>Colbert</ets>, a minister of Louis XIV., who

encouraged the lace manufacture in France.]</ety> <def>A kind of

lace.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Pinners edged with <qex>colbertine</qex>.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<q>Difference rose between

Mechlin, the queen of lace, and <qex>colbertine</qex>.</q>

<qau>Young.</qau>



<hw>Col"chi*cine</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>colchicine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>A powerful vegetable alkaloid, <chform>C17H19NO5</chform>,

extracted from the <spn>Colchicum autumnale</spn>, or meadow

saffron, as a white or yellowish amorphous powder, with a harsh,

bitter taste; -- called also <altname>colchicia</altname>.</def>



<hw>Col"chi*cum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a

plant with a poisonous root, fr. <ets>Colchicus</ets> Colchian,

fr. <ets>Colchis</ets>, Gr. <?/, an ancient province in Asia,

east of the Black Sea, where was the home of Media the

sorceress.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of

bulbous-rooted plants found in many parts of Europe, including

the meadow saffron.</def>



<note><hand/ Preparations made from the poisonous bulbs and

seeds, and perhaps from the flowers, of the <spn>Colchicum

autumnale</spn> (meadow saffron) are used as remedies for gout

and rheumatism.</note>



<hw>Col"co*thar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.

<ets>colcothar vitrioli</ets>, fr. Ar.

<ets>qolqotar</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Polishing

rouge; a reddish brown oxide of iron, used in polishing glass,

and also as a pigment; -- called also <altname>crocus

Martis</altname>.</def>



<hw>Cold</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Colder</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Coldest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>cold</ets>, <ets>cald</ets>, AS. <ets>cald</ets>,

<ets>ceald</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>kald</ets>, D.

<ets>koud</ets>, G. <ets>kalt</ets>, Icel. <ets>kaldr</ets>, Dan.

<ets>kold</ets>, Sw. <ets>kall</ets>, Goth. <ets>kalds</ets>, L.

<ets>gelu</ets> frost, <ets>gelare</ets> to freeze. Orig. p. p.

of AS. <ets>calan</ets> to be cold, Icel. <ets>kala</ets> to

freeze. Cf. <er>Cool</er>, <pos>a.</pos>, <er>Chill</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Deprived of heat, or having

a low temperature; not warm or hot; gelid; frigid.</def> \'bdThe

snowy top of <xex>cold</xex> Olympis.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Lacking the sensation of warmth; suffering from

the absence of heat; chilly; shivering; <as>as, to be

<ex>cold</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Not pungent or acrid.</def> \'bd<xex>Cold</xex>

plants.\'b8



<au>Bacon</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Wanting in ardor, intensity, warmth, zeal, or

passion; spiritless; unconcerned; reserved.</def>



<q>A <qex>cold</qex> and unconcerned spectator.</q>

<qau>T. Burnet.</qau>



<q>No <qex>cold</qex> relation is a zealous citizen.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Unwelcome; disagreeable; unsatisfactory.</def>

\'bd<xex>Cold</xex> news for me.\'b8 \'bd<xex>Cold</xex>

comfort.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Wanting in power to excite; dull;

uninteresting.</def>



<q>What a deal of <qex>cold</qex> business doth a man misspend

the better part of life in!</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<q>The jest grows <qex>cold</qex> . . . when in comes on in a

second scene.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Affecting the sense of smell (as of hunting

dogs) but feebly; having lost its odor; <as>as, a <ex>cold</ex>

scent</as>.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>Not sensitive; not acute.</def>



<q>Smell this business with a sense as <qex>cold</qex>

As is a dead man's nose.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>Distant; -- said, in the game of hunting for

some object, of a seeker remote from the thing concealed.</def>



<sn>10.</sn> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>Having a bluish effect. Cf.

<er>Warm</er>, 8.</def>



<cs><col>Cold abscess</col>. <cd>See under <er>Abscess</er>.</cd>

-- <col>Cold blast</col> <cd>See under <er>Blast</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, 2.</cd> <col>Cold blood</col></mcol>. <cd>See

under <er>Blood</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 8.</cd> -- <col>Cold

chill</col>, <cd>an ague fit.</cd> <au>Wright.</au> -- <col>Cold

chisel</col>, <cd>a chisel of peculiar strength and hardness, for

cutting cold metal.</cd></cs> <au>Weale.</au> -- <col>Cold

cream</col>. <cd>See under <er>Cream</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cold

slaw</col>. <cd>See <er>Cole slaw</er>.</cd> -- <col>In cold

blood</col>, <cd>without excitement or passion; deliberately.



<q>He was slain in <qex>cold blood</qex> after thefight was

over.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<col>To give one the cold shoulder</col>, <cd>to treat one with

neglect.</cd></cd>



<syn>Syn. -- Gelid; bleak; frigid; chill; indifferent;

unconcerned; passionless; reserved; unfeeling; stoical.</syn>



<hw>Cold</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The relative

absence of heat or warmth.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The sensation produced by the escape of heat;

chilliness or chillness.</def>



<q>When she saw her lord prepared to part,

A deadly <qex>cold</qex> ran shivering to her heart.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A morbid state of the animal

system produced by exposure to cold or dampness; a catarrh.</def>



<cs><col>Cold sore</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a vesicular

eruption appearing about the mouth as the result of a cold, or in

the course of any disease attended with fever.<-- causative virus

Herpes simplex --></cd> -- <col>To leave one out in the

cold</col>, <cd>to overlook or neglect him.

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Cold, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To become cold.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Cold"-blood`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Having cold blood; -- said of fish or animals whose blood is

but little warmer than the water or air about them.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Deficient in sensibility or feeling;

hard-hearted.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Not thoroughbred; -- said of animals, as horses,

which are derived from the common stock of a country.</def>



<hw>Cold"finch`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A British wagtail.</def>



<hw>Cold"-heart`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Wanting

passion or feeling; indifferent.</def>



-- <wordforms><wf>Cold"-heart`ed*ness</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Cold"ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Somewhat cold;

cool; chilly.</def>



<hw>Cold"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a cold manner; without

warmth, animation, or feeling; with indifference; calmly.</def>



<q>Withdraw unto some private place,

And reason <qex>coldly</qex> of your grievances.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Cold"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or quality of

being cold.</def>



<hw>Cold"-short`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Brittle

when cold; <as>as, <ex>cold-short</ex> iron</as>.</def>



<hw>Cold"-shut`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>Closed while too cold to become

thoroughly welded; -- said of a forging or casting.</def> --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>An imperfection caused by such

insufficient welding.</def></def2>



<hw>Cole</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>col</ets>, <ets>caul</ets>, AS. <ets>cawl</ets>,

<ets>cawel</ets>, fr. L. <ets>caulis</ets>, the stalk or stem of

a plant, esp. a cabbage stalk, cabbage, akin to Gr. <?/. Cf.

<er>Cauliflower</er>, <er>Kale</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A plant of the <spn>Brassica</spn> or Cabbage genus; esp.

that form of <spn>B. oleracea</spn> called <xex>rape</xex> and

<xex>coleseed</xex>.</def>



<hw>Co-leg`a*tee"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A joint

legatee.</def>



<hw>Cole"goose`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Coalgoose</er>.</def>



<hw>Cole"man*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From W.T.

<ets>Coleman</ets> of San Francisco.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld>

<def>A hydrous borate of lime occurring in transparent colorless

or white crystals, also massive, in Southern California.</def>



<hw>Cole"mouse`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Coletit</er>.</def>



<hw>Co`le*op"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Coleoptera.</def>



<hw>\'d8Co`le*op"te*ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ sheath-winged; <?/ sheath + <?/

wing.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of insects

having the anterior pair of wings (elytra) hard and horny, and

serving as coverings for the posterior pair, which are

membranous, and folded transversely under the others when not in

use. The mouth parts form two pairs of jaws (mandibles and

maxill\'91) adapted for chewing. Most of the Coleoptera are known

as beetles and weevils.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Co`le*op"ter*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Co`le*op"ter*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having wings

covered with a case or sheath; belonging to the Coleoptera.</def>



<hw>Co`le*op"ter*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the order of Coleoptera.</def>



<hw>Co`le*op"ter*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One versed in the

study of the Coleoptera.</def>



<hw>\'d8Co`le*o*rhi"za</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ sheath + <?/ root.]</ety> <def>A sheath in

the embryo of grasses, inclosing the caulicle.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>Cole"perch`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A kind of small black perch.</def>



<hw>Col"e*ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cholera</ets>. See <er>Choler</er>.]</ety> <def>Bile;

choler.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Cole*ridg"i*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to Samuel Taylor <xex>Coleridge</xex>, or to his

poetry or metaphysics.</def>



<hw>Cole"seed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The common

rape or cole.</def>



<hw>Cole"slaw`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.

<ets>kool slaa</ets> cabbage salad.]</ety> <def>A salad made of

sliced cabbage.</def>



<hw>Co`-les*see"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A partner

in a lease taen.</def>



<hw>Co`-les*sor"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A partner

in giving a lease.</def>



<hw>Cole"staff`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Colstaff</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Col"et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Col"let</hw> 

}</mhw><ety>[Corrupted fr. <ets>acolyte</ets>.]</ety> <def>An

inferior church servant. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See

<er>Acolyte</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cole"tit`</hw> or <hw>Coal"tit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

}</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small European

titmouse (<spn>Parus ater</spn>), so named from its black color;

-- called also <altname>coalmouse</altname> and

<altname>colemouse</altname>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Co"le*us</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.

Gr. <?/ a sheath; -- referring to the manner in which the stamens

are united.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of several

species of the Mint family, cultivated for its bright-colored or

variegated leaves.</def>



<hw>Cole"wort`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>cawlwyrt</ets>; <ets>cawl</ets> cole + <ets>wyrt</ets> wort.

Cf. <er>Collards</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A variety of

cabbage in which the leaves never form a compact head.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any white cabbage before the head has become

firm.</def>



<hw>Col"fox`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A crafty

fox.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Col"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. colique, fr.

L. colicus sick with the colic, GR. <?/, fr. <?/, <?/, the colon.

The disease is so named from its being seated in or near the

colon. See <er>Colon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A severe

paroxysmal pain in the abdomen, due to spasm, obstruction, or

distention of some one of the hollow viscera.</def>



<cs><col>Hepatic colic</col>, <cd>the severe pain produced by the

passage of a gallstone from the liver or gall bladder through the

bile duct.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Intestinal colic</col>, <or/

<col>Ordinary colic</col></mcol>, <cd>pain due to distention of

the intestines by gas.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Lead colic</col>,

<col>Painter's colic</col></mcol>, <cd>a violent form of

intestinal colic, associated with obstinate constipation,

produced by chronic lead poisoning.</cd> -- <col>Renal

colic</col>, <cd>the severe pain produced by the passage of a

calculus from the kidney through the ureter.</cd> -- <col>Wind

colic</col>. <cd>See <cref>Intestinal colic</cref>,

above.</cd></cs>



<hw>Col"ic</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining

to colic; affecting the bowels.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the

colon; <as>as, the <ex>colic</ex> arteries</as>.</def>



<hw>Col"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of,

pertaining to, or of the nature of, colic.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>Col"ick*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining

to, or troubled with, colic; <as>as, a <ex>colicky</ex>

disorder</as>.</def>



<hw>Col"ic*root`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A bitter

American herb of the Bloodwort family, with the leaves all

radical, and the small yellow or white flowers in a long spike

(<spn>Aletris farinosa</spn> and <spn>A. aurea</spn>). Called

sometimes <xex>star grass</xex>, <xex>blackroot</xex>,

<xex>blazing star</xex>, and <xex>unicorn root</xex>.</def>



<hw>Col"in</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>colin</ets>; prop. a dim. of <ets>Colas</ets>, contr. fr.

<ets>Nicolas</ets> Nicholas.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>The American quail or bobwhite. The name is also applied to

other related species. See <er>Bobwhite</er>.</def>



<hw>Col`i*se"um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL. (cf.

It. <ets>coliseo</ets>, <ets>colosseo</ets>), fr. L.

<ets>colosseus</ets> colossal, fr. <ets>colossus</ets> a

colossus. See <er>Colossus</er>, and cf.

<er>Colosseum</er>.]</ety> <def>The amphitheater of Vespasian at

Rome, the largest in the world.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>Colosseum</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>\'d8Co*li"tis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.

Gr. <?/ + <ets>-itis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An

inflammation of the large intestine, esp. of its mucous membrane;

colonitis.</def>



<hw>Coll</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>coler</ets>, fr. L. <ets>collum</ets> neck.]</ety> <def>To

embrace.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdThey <xex>coll</xex> and

kiss him.\'b8



<au>Latimer.</au>



<hw>\'d8Col*la`bo*ra*teur"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>See <er>Collaborator</er>.</def>



<hw>Col*lab`o*ra"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

act ofworking together; united labor.</def>



<hw>Col*lab"o*ra`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>collaborare</ets> to labor together; <ets>col-</ets> +

<ets>laborare</ets> to labor: cf. F.

<ets>collaborateur</ets>.]</ety> <def>An associate in labor,

especially in literary or scientific labor.</def>



<hw>Col"la*gen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

glue + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld>

<def>The chemical basis of ordinary connective tissue, as of

tendons or sinews and of bone. On being boiled in water it

becomes gelatin or glue.</def>



<hw>Col*lag"e*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Containing or resembling

collagen.</def>



<hw>Col*lapse"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Collapsed</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Collapsing</er>]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>collapsus</ets>,

p. p. of <ets>collabi</ets> to collapse; <ets>col-</ets> +

<ets>labi</ets> to fall, slide. See <er>Lapse</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To fall together suddenly, as the sides of a

hollow vessel; to close by falling or shrinking together; to have

the sides or parts of (a thing) fall in together, or be crushed

in together; <as>as, a flue in the boiler of a steam engine

sometimes <ex>collapses</ex></as>.</def>



<q>A balloon <qex>collapses</qex> when the gas escapes from

it.</q>

<qau>Maunder.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To fail suddenly and completely, like something

hollow when subject to too much pressure; to undergo a collapse;

<as>as, Maximilian's government <ex>collapsed</ex> soon after the

French army left Mexico; many financial projects

<ex>collapse</ex> after attaining some success and

importance.</as></def>



<hw>Col*lapse"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A falling together suddenly, as of the sides of a hollow

vessel.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A sudden and complete failure; an utter failure

of any kind; a breakdown.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Extreme depression or sudden

failing o<?/ all the vital powers, as the result of disease,

injury, or nervous disturbance.</def>



<hw>Col*lap"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>collapsio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Collapse.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Col"lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>coler</ets>, <ets>coller</ets>, OF. <ets>colier</ets>, F.

<ets>collier</ets>, necklace, collar, fr. OF. <ets>col</ets>

neck, F. <ets>cou</ets>, fr. L. <ets>collum</ets>; akin to AS.

<ets>heals</ets>, G. & Goth. <ets>hals</ets>. Cf. <er>Hals</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Something worn round the

neck, whether for use, ornament, restraint, or identification;

<as>as, the <ex>collar</ex> of a coat; a lady's <ex>collar</ex>;

the <ex>collar</ex> of a dog.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A ring or

cinture.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A collar beam.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The neck or line of junction

between the root of a plant and its stem.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>An ornament worn round the neck by knights,

having on it devises to designate their rank or order.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A ringlike

part of a mollusk in connection with esophagus.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A colored ring round the neck of a bird or

mammal.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A ring or round flange upon,

surrounding, or against an object, and used for rastraining

motion within given limits, or for holding something to its

place, or for hibing an opening around an object; <as>as, a

<ex>collar</ex> on a shaft, used to prevent endwise motion of the

shaft; a <ex>collar</ex> surrounding a stovepipe at the place

where it enters a wall. The flanges of a piston and the gland of

a stuffing box are sometimes called <ex>collars</ex>.</as></def>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>An eye formed in the bight or

bend of a shroud or stay to go over the masthead; also, a rope to

which certain parts of rigging, as dead-eyes, are secured.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A curb, or a horizontal

timbering, around the mouth of a shaft.</def>



<au>Raymond.</au>



<cs><col>Collar beam</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a horizontal

piece of timber connecting and tying together two opposite

rafters; -- also, called simply <xex>collar<xex>.</cd> --

<col>Collar of brawn</col>, <cd>the quantity of brawn bound up in

one parcel. <mark>[Eng.]</mark></cd> <au>Johnson.</au> --

<col>Collar day</col>, <cd>a day of great ceremony at the English

court, when persons, who are dignitaries of honorary orders, wear

the collars of those orders.</cd> -- <col>To slip the

collar</col>, <cd>to get free; to disentangle one's self from

difficulty, labor, or engagement.</cd></cs>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Col"lar</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Collared</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Collaring</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

seize by the collar.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To put a collar on.</def>



<cs><col>To collar beef</col> (or other meat), <cd>to roll it up,

and bind it close with a string preparatory to cooking

it.</cd></cs>



<hw>Col"lar bone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The

clavicle.</def>



<hw>Col"lards</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>, <plu>pl.</plu>

<ety>[Corrupted fr. <ets>colewort</ets>.]</ety> <def>Young

cabbage, used as \'bdgreens\'b8; esp. a kind cultivated for that

purpose; colewort.</def> <mark>[Colloq. Souther U. S.]</mark>



<hw>Col"lared</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Wearing a collar.</def> \'bd<xex>Collared</xex> with

gold.\'b8



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Wearing a collar; -- said of a

man or beast used as a bearing when a collar is represented as

worn around the neck or loins.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Rolled up and bound close with a string; <as>as,

<ex>collared</ex> beef</as>. See <cref>To collar beef</cref>,

under <er>Collar</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos></def>



<hw>Col*lat"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of being collated.</def>



<au>Coleridge.</au>



<hw>Col*late"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Collated</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Collating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From

<er>Collation</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To compare

critically, as books or manuscripts, in order to note the points

of agreement or disagreement.</def>



<q>I must <qex>collage</qex> it, word, with the original

Hebrew.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To gather and place in order, as the sheets of a

book for binding.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>To present and institute in a

benefice, when the person presenting is both the patron and the

ordinary; -- followed by <xex>to</xex>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To bestow or confer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>



<hw>Col*late"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <fld>(Ecl.)</fld> <def>To

place in a benefice, when the person placing is both the patron

and the ordinary.</def>



<q>If the bishop neglets to <qex>collate</qex> within six months,

the right to do it devolves on the archbishop.</q>

<qau>Encyc. Brit.</qau>



<hw>Col*lat"er*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>collateralis</ets>; <ets>col-</ets> + <ets>lateralis</ets>

lateral. See <er>Lateral</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Coming

from, being on, or directed toward, the side; <as>as,

<ex>collateral</ex> pressure</as>.</def>

\'bd<xex>Collateral</xex> light.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Acting in an indirect way.</def>



<q>If by direct or by <qex>collateral</qex> hand

They find us touched, we will our kingdom give . . . 

To you in satisfaction.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Related to, but not strictly a part of, the main

thing or matter under consideration; hence, subordinate; not

chief or principal; <as>as, <ex>collateral</ex> interest;

<ex>collateral</ex> issues.</as></def>



<q>That he [Attebury] was altogether in the wrong on the main

question, and on all the <qex>collateral</qex> questions

springing out of it, . . . is true.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Tending toward the same conclusion or result as

something else; additional; <as>as, <ex>collateral</ex>

evidence</as>.</def>



<q>Yet the attempt may give

<qex>Collateral</qex> interest to this homely tale.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Genealogy)</fld> <def>Descending from the same

stock or ancestor, but not in the same line or branch or one from

the other; -- opposed to <xex>lineal</xex>.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Lineal</xex> descendants proceed one from

another in a direct line; <xex>collateral</xex> relations spring

from a common ancestor, but from different branches of that

common <xex>stirps</xex> or stock. Thus the children of brothers

are <xex>collateral</xex> relations, having different fathers,

but a common grandfather.</note>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<-- p. 278 -->



<cs><col>Collateral assurance</col>, <cd>that which is made, over

and above the deed itself.</cd> -- <col>Collateral

circulation</col> <fld>(Med. & Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>circulation

established through indirect or subordinate branches when the

supply through the main vessel is obstructed.</cd> --

<col>Collateral issue</col>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>An

issue taken upon a matter aside from the merits of the case.</cd>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>An issue raised by a criminal convict who pleads

any matter allowed by law in bar of execution, as pardon,

diversity of person, etc.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>A point raised,

on cross-examination, aside from the issue fixed by the

pleadings, as to which the answer of the witness, when given,

cannot subsequently be contradicted by the party asking the

question.</cd> -- <col>Collateral security</col>, <cd>security

for the performance of covenants, or the payment of money,

besides the principal security,</cd></cs>

<-- collateral damage (Mil.) damage caused by a military

operation, such as a bombing, to objects or persons not

themselves the intended target of the attack. -->



<hw>Col*lat"er*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A collateral relative.</def>



<au>Ayliffe.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Collateral security; that which is pledged or

deposited as collateral security.</def>



<hw>Col*lat"er*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Side

by side; by the side.</def>



<q>These pulleys . . . placed <qex>collaterally</qex>.</q>

<qau>Bp. Wilkins.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In an indirect or subordinate manner;

indirectly.</def>



<q>The will hath force upon the conscience

<qex>collaterally</qex> and indirectly.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>In collateral relation; not lineally.</def>



<hw>Col*lat"er*al*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of

being collateral.</def>



<hw>Col*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>collacioun</ets> speech, conference, reflection, OF.

<ets>collacion</ets>, F. <ets>collation</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>collatio</ets> a bringing together, comparing, fr.

<ets>collatum</ets> (used as the supine of <ets>conferre</ets>);

<ets>col-</ets> + <ets>latium</ets> (used as the supine of

<ets>ferre</ets> to bear), for <ets>tlatum</ets>. See

<er>Tolerate</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

act of collating or comparing; a comparison of one copy er thing

(as of a book, or manuscript) with another of a like kind;

comparison, in general.</def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>The gathering and

examination of sheets preparatory to binding.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The act of conferring or bestowing.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Not by the <qex>collation</qex> of the king . . . but by the

people.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A conference.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Eccl. Law)</fld> <def>The presentation of a

clergyman to a benefice by a bishop, who has it in his own

gift.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The act of

comparing the copy of any paper with its original to ascertain

its conformity.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The report of the act

made by the proper officers.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>The right which an heir

has of throwing the whole heritable and movable estates of the

deceased into one mass, and sharing it equaly with others who are

of the same degree of kindred.</def>



<note><hand/ This also obtains in the civil law, and is found in

the code of Louisiana.</note>



<au>Bouvier.</au>



<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Eccles.)</fld> <def>A collection of the Lives

of the Fathers or other devout work read daily in

monasteries.</def>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>A light repast or luncheon; <as>as, a cold

<ex>collation</ex></as>; -- first applied to the refreshment on

fast days that accompanied the reading of the collation in

monasteries.</def>



<q>A <qex>collation</qex> of wine and sweetmeats.</q>

<qau>Whiston.</qau>



<cs><col>Collation of seals</col> <fld>(Old Law)</fld>, <cd>a

method of ascertaining the genuineness of a seal by comparing it

with another known to be genuine.</cd>



<au>Bouvier.</au>

</cs>



<hw>Col*la"tion</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To partake of a

collation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>May 20, 1658, I . . . <qex>collationed</qex> in Spring

Garden.</q>

<qau>Evelyn.</qau>



<hw>Col*la"tion*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>One who examines the sheets of a book

that has just been printed, to ascertain whether they are

correctly printed, paged, etc.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Col`la*ti"tious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>collatitius</ets>. See <er>Collation</er>.]</ety>

<def>Brought together; contributed; done by contributions.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Col*la"tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>collativus</ets> brought together. ]</ety> <def>Passing or

held by collation; -- said of livings of which the bishop and the

patron are the same person.</def>



<hw>Col*la"tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>One who collates manuscripts, books, etc.</def>



<au>Addison.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Eccl. Law)</fld> <def>One who collates to a

benefice.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>One who confers any benefit.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Feltham.</au>



<hw>Col*laud"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>collaudare</ets>; <ets>col-</ets> + <ets>laudare</ets> to

praise.]</ety> <def>To join in praising.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Howell.</au>



<hw>Col"league</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>coll</ets>\'b5<ets>gue</ets>, L. <ets>collega</ets> one

chosen at the same time with another, a partner in office;

<ets>col-</ets> + <ets>legare</ets> to send or choose as deputy.

See <er>Legate</er>.]</ety> <def>A partner or associate in some

civil or ecclesiastical office or employment. It is never used of

partners in trade or manufactures.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Helper; assistant; coadjutor; ally; associate;

companion; confederate.</syn>



<hw>Col*league"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v.t & i.</pos> <def>To

unite or associate with another or with others.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Col"league*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Partnership in

office.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Col*lect"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Collected</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Collecting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>collecrus</ets>, <pos>p. p.</pos> of <ets>collerige</ets> to

bind together; <ets>col-</ets> + <ets>legere</ets> to gather: cf.

OF. <ets>collecter</ets>. See <er>Legend</er>, and cf.

<er>Coil</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, <er>Cull</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To gather into one body or

place; to assemble or bring together; to obtain by

gathering.</def>



<q>A band of men

<qex>Collected</qex> choicely from each country.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>'Tis memory alone that enriches the mind, by preserving what

our labor and industry daily <qex>collect</qex>.</q>

<qau>Watts.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To demand and obtain payment of, as an account,

or other indebtedness; <as>as, to <ex>collect</ex>

taxes</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To infer from observed facts; to conclude from

premises.</def> <mark>[Archaic.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>Which sequence, I conceive, is very ill

<qex>collected</qex>.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<cs><col>To collect one's self</col>, <cd>to recover from

surprise, embarrassment, or fear; to regain

self-control.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- To gather; assemble; congregate; muster; accumulate;

garner; aggregate; amass; infer; deduce.</syn>



<hw>Col*lect"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To assemble

together; <as>as, the people <ex>collected</ex> in a crowd; to

accumulate; <as>as, snow <ex>collects</ex> in

banks</as>.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To infer; to conclude.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>Whence some <qex>collect</qex> that the former word imports a

plurality of persons.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<hw>Col"lect</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL. <ets>collecta</ets>,

fr. L. <ets>collecta</ets> a collection in money; an assemblage,

fr. <ets>collerige</ets>: cf. F. <ets>collecte</ets>. See

<er>Collect</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>A short,

comprehensive prayer, adapted to a particular day, occasion, or

condition, and forming part of a liturgy.</def>



<q>The noble poem on the massacres of Piedmont is strictly a

<qex>collect</qex> in verse.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Col`lec*ta"ne*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[Neut. pl. from L. <ets>collectaneus</ets> collected, fr.

<ets>colligere</ets>. See <er>Collect</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>]</ety> <def>Passages selected from various authors,

usually for purposes of instruction; miscellany; anthology.</def>



<hw>Col*lect"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Gathered together.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Self-possessed; calm; composed.</def>



<hw>Col*lect"ed*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Composedly;

coolly.</def>



<hw>Col*lect"ed*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A collected state

of the mind; self-possession.</def>



<hw>Col*lect"i*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of being collected.</def>



<hw>Col*lec"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>collectio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>collection</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or process of collecting or of

gathering; <as>as, the <ex>collection</ex> of

specimens</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is collected; as: <sd>(a)</sd> A

gathering or assemblage of objects or of persons.</def> \'bdA

<xex>collection</xex> of letters.\'b8



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A gathering of money for charitable or other

purposes, as by passing a contribution box for freewill

offerings.</def> \'bdThe <xex>collection</xex> for the

saints.\'b8



<au>1 Cor. xvi. 1</au>



<sd>(c)</sd> (<xex>Usually in pl</xex>.) <def>That which is

obtained in payment of demands. <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>An accumulation

of any substance.</cd> \'bd<xex>Collections</xex> of

moisture.\'b8 <au>Whewell.</au></def> \'bdA purulent

<xex>collection</xex>.\'b8



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The act of inferring or concluding from premises

or observed facts; also, that which is inferred.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>We may safely say thus, that wrong <qex>collections</qex> have

been hitherto made out of those words by modern divines.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The jurisdiction of a collector of excise.</def>

<mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<syn>Syn. -- Gathering; assembly; assemblage; group; crowd;

congregation; mass; heap; compilation.</syn>



<hw>Col*lec"tion*al</hw> <pr>(-<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Of or pertaining to collecting.</def>



<q>The first twenty-five [years] must have been wasted for

<qex>collectional</qex> purposes.</q>

<qau>H. A. Merewether.</qau>



<hw>Col*lect"ive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>collectivus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>collectif</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Formed by gathering or collecting; gathered into

a mass, sum, or body; congregated or aggregated; <as>as, the

<er>collective</er> body of a nation</as>.</def>



<au>Bp. Hoadley.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Deducing consequences; reasoning;

inferring.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdCritical and

<xex>collective</xex> reason.\'b8



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Expressing a collection or

aggregate of individuals, by a singular form; <as>as, a

<ex>collective</ex> name or noun, like <ex>assembly</ex>,

<ex>army</ex>, <ex>juri</ex>, etc.</as></def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Tending to collect; forming a collection.</def>



<q>Local is his throne . . . to fix a point,

A central point, <qex>collective</qex> of his sons.</q>

<qau>Young.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Having plurality of origin or authority; <as>as,

in diplomacy, a note signed by the representatives of several

governments is called a <ex>collective</ex> note</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Collective fruit</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>that which

is formed from a mass of flowers, as the mulberry, pineapple, and

the like; -- called also <altname>multiple

fruit</altname>.</cd></cs>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>Col*lect"ive</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A

collective noun or name.</def>



<hw>Col*lect"ive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a mass, or

body; in a collected state; in the aggregate; unitedly.</def>



<hw>Col*lect"ive*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A state of union;

mass.</def>



<hw>Col*lect"iv*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>collectivisme</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Polit. Econ.)</fld>

<def>The doctrine that land and capital should be owned by

society collectively or as a whole; communism.</def>



<au>W. G. Summer.</au>



<hw>Col*lect"iv*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>collectiviste</ets>.]</ety> <def>An advocate of

collectivism.</def> -- <def2><pos>a.</pos>  <def>Relating to, or

characteristic of, collectivism.</def></def2>



<hw>Col*lect"or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>collector</ets> one who collects: cf. F.

<ets>collecteur</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who collects

things which are separate; esp., one who makes a business or

practice of collecting works of art, objects in natural history,

etc.; <as>as, a <ex>collector</ex> of coins</as>.</def>



<q>I digress into Soho to explore a bookstall. Methinks I have

been thirty years a <qex>collector</qex>.</q>

<qau>Lamb.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A compiler of books; one who collects scattered

passages and puts them together in one book.</def>



<q>Volumes without the <qex>collector's</qex> own

reflections.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>An officer appointed and

commissioned to collect and receive customs, duties, taxes, or

toll.</def>



<q>A great part of this is now embezzled . . . by

<qex>collectors</qex>, and other officers.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Temple.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>One authorized to collect debts.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A bachelor of arts in Oxford, formerly appointed

to superintend some scholastic proceedings in Lent.</def>



<au>Todd.</au>



<hw>Col*lect"or*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

district of a collector of customs; a collectorship.</def>



<hw>Col*lect"or*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The office of a

collector of customs or of taxes.</def>



<hw>Col*leg"a*ta*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>collegetarius</ets>. See <er>Legatary</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A joint legatee.</def>



<hw>Col"lege</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>coll\'8age</ets>, L. <ets>collegium</ets>, fr.

<ets>collega</ets> colleague. See <er>Colleague</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A collection, body, or society of persons

engaged in common pursuits, or having common duties and

interests, and sometimes, by charter, peculiar rights and

privileges; <as>as, a <ex>college</ex> of heralds; a

<ex>college</ex> of electors; a <ex>college</ex> of

bishops.</as></def>



<q>The <qex>college</qex> of the cardinals.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Then they made <qex>colleges</qex> of sufferers; persons who,

to secure their inheritance in the world to come, did cut off all

their portion in this.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A society of scholars or friends of learning,

incorporated for study or instruction, esp. in the higher

branches of knowledge; <as>as, the <ex>colleges</ex> of Oxford

and Cambridge Universities, and many American

<ex>colleges</ex></as>.</def>



<note><hand/ In France and some other parts of continental

Europe, <xex>college</xex> is used to include schools occupied

with rudimentary studies, and receiving children as

pupils.</note>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A building, or number of buildings, used by a

college.</def> \'bdThe gate of Trinity <xex>College</xex>.\'b8



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Fig.: A community.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Thick as the <qex>college</qex> of the bees in May.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<cs><col>College of justice</col>, <cd>a term applied in Scotland

to the supreme civil courts and their principal officers.</cd> --

<col>The sacred college</col>, <cd>the college or cardinals at

Rome.</cd></cs>



<hw>Col*le"gi*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>collegialis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Collegiate.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Col*le"gi*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A member

of a college, particularly of a literary institution so called; a

student in a college.</def>



<hw>Col*le"gi*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>collegiatus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a

college; <as>as, <ex>collegiate</ex> studies; a

<ex>collegiate</ex> society.</as></def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<cs><col>Collegiate church</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A church

which, although not a bishop's seat, resembles a cathedral in

having a <xex>college<xex>, or chapter of canons (and, in the

Church of England, a dean), as Westminster Abbey.</cd>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>An association of churches, possessing common

revenues and administered under the joint pastorate of several

ministers; <as>as, the Reformed (Dutch) <xex>Collegiate

Church<xex> of New York.</as></cd></cs>



<hw>Col*le"gi*ate</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A member of a

college.</def>



<au>Burton.</au>



<hw>\'d8Col*lem"bo*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ glue + <?/ wedge, peg; -- so called from

their having collophores.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The

division of Thysanura which includes <xex>Podura</xex>, and

allied forms.</def>



<hw>\'d8Col*len"chy*ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ glue + <?/ an infusion. Formed like

<ets>parenchyma</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tissue of

vegetable cells which are thickend at the angles and (usually)

elongated.</def>



<hw>Col"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>collet</ets>, dim. fr. L. <ets>collum</ets> neck. See

<er>Collar</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A small collar or

neckband.</def>



<au>Foxe.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A small metal ring; a small

collar fastened on an arbor; <as>as, the <ex>collet</ex> on the

balance arbor of a watch</as>; a small socket on a stem, for

holding a drill.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Jewelry)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The part of a

ring containing the bezel in which the stone is set.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The flat table at the base of a brilliant. See

<xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Brilliant</er>.</def>



<q>How full the <qex>collet</qex> with his jewel is!</q>

<qau>Cowley.</qau>



<hw>Col`le*te"ri*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the colleterium of

insects.</def>



<au>R. Owen.</au>



<hw>\'d8Col`le*te"ri*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL. See <er>Colletic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>An organ of female insects, containing a cement to unite the

ejected ova.</def>



<hw>Col*let"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>colleticus</ets> suitable for gluing, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to

glue, <?/ glue.]</ety> <def>Agglutinant.</def> --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>An agglutinant.</def></def2>



<hw>Col"ley</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Collie</er>.</def>



<hw>Col*lide"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>collidere</ets>, <ets>collisum</ets>; <ets>col-</ets> +

<ets>laedere</ets> to strike. See <er>Lesion</er>.]</ety> <def>To

strike or dash against each other; to come into collision; to

clash; <as>as, the vessels <ex>collided</ex>; their interests

<ex>collided</ex>.</as></def>



<q>Across this space the attraction urges them. They

<qex>collide</qex>, they recoil, they oscillate.</q>

<qau>Tyndall.</qau>



<q>No longer rocking and swaying, but clashing and

<qex>colliding</qex>.</q>

<qau>Carlyle.</qau>



<hw>Col*lide"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To strike or dash

against.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Scintillations are . . . inflammable effluencies from the

bodies <qex>collided</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>



<hw>Col"li*dine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

glue.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of a class of organic

bases, <chform>C8H11N</chform>, usually pungent oily liquids,

belonging to the pyridine series, and obtained from bone oil,

coal tar, naphtha, and certain alkaloids.</def>



<hw>Col"lie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gael.

<ets>cuilean</ets> whelp, puppy, dog.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Scotch shepherd dog. There are two

breeds, the rough-haired and smooth-haired. It is remarkable for

its intelligence, displayed especially in caring for

flocks.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>colly</asp>,

<asp>colley</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Col"lied</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. & a.</pos> <def>Darkened.

See <er>Colly</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos></def>



<hw>Col"lier</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>colier</ets>. See <er>Coal</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

engaged in the business of digging mineral coal or making

charcoal, or in transporting or dealing in coal.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A vessel employed in the coal trade.</def>



<hw>Col"lier*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. 

<plw>Collieries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Coalery</er>, <er>Collier</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

place where coal is dug; a coal mine, and the buildings, etc.,

belonging to it.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The coal trade.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Col"li*flow`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Cauliflower</er>.</def>



<hw>Col"li*gate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Colligated</er>; <pos>p.

pr. &  vb. n.</pos> <er>Colligating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>colligatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>colligare</ets> to collect;

<ets>co-</ets> + <ets>ligare</ets> to bind.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To tie or bind together.</def>



<q>The pieces of isinglass are <qex>colligated</qex> in rows.</q>

<qau>Nicholson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>To bring together by

colligation; to sum up in a single proposition.</def>



<q>He had discovered and <qex>colligated</qex> a multitude of the

most wonderful . . . phenomena.</q>

<qau>Tundall.</qau>



<hw>Col"li*gate</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Bound together.</def>



<hw>Col`li*ga"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>colligatio</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A binding

together.</def>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>That process by which a

number of isolated facts are brought under one conception, or

summed up in a general proposition, as when Kepler discovered

that the various observed positions of the planet Mars were

points in an ellipse.</def> \'bdThe <xex>colligation</xex> of

facts.\'b8



<au>Whewell.</au>



<q><qex>Colligation</qex> is not always induction, but induction

is always <qex>colligation</qex>.</q>

<qau>J. S. Mill.</qau>



<hw>Col"li*mate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Collimated</er>; <pos>p.

p. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Collimating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See

<er>Collimation</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics & Astron.)</fld>

<def>To render parallel to a certain line or direction; to bring

into the same line, as the axes of telescopes, etc.; to render

parallel, as rays of light.</def>



<-- p. 279 -->



<cs><col>Collimating eyepiece</col>, <cd>an eyepiece with a

diagonal reflector for illumination, used to determine the error

of collimation in a transit instrument by observing the image of

a cross wire reflected from mercury, and comparing its position

in the field with that of the same wire seen directly.</cd> --

<col>Collimating lens</col> <fld>(Optics)</fld>, <cd>a lens used

for producing parallel rays of light.</cd></cs>



<hw>Col`li*ma"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>collimation</ets>, fr. a false reading

(<ets>collimare</ets>) for L. <ets>collineare</ets> to direct in

a straight line; <ets>col-</ets> + linea line. Cf.

<er>Collineation</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of collimating; the

adjustment of the line of the sights, as the axial line of the

telescope of an instrument, into its proper position relative to

the other parts of the instrument.</def>



<cs><col>Error of collimation</col>, <cd>the deviation of the

line collimation of an astronomical instrument from the position

it ought to have with respect to the axis of motion of the

instrument.</cd> -- <col>Line of collimation</col>, <cd>the axial

line of the telescope of an astronomical or geodetic instrument,

or the line which passes through the optical center of the object

glass and the intersection of the cross wires at its

focus.</cd></cs>



<hw>Col"li*ma`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A telescope arranged and used to

determine errors of collimation, both vertical and

horizontal.</def>



<au>Nichol.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Optics)</fld> <def>A tube having a convex lens

at one end and at the other a small opening or slit which is at

the principal focus of the lens, used for producing a beam of

parallel rays; also, a lens so used.</def>



<hw>Col"lin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

glue.]</ety> <def>A very pure form of gelatin.</def>



<hw>Col"line</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>colline</ets>, fr. L. <ets>collis</ets> a hill.]</ety>

<def>A small hill or mount.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>And watered park, full of fine <qex>collines</qex> and

ponds.</q>

<qau>Evelyn.</qau>



<hw>Col*lin`e*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>collineare</ets> to direct in a straight line. See

<er>Collimation</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of aiming at, or

directing in a line with, a fixed object.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Coll"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Coll</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>An embrace;

dalliance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>Coll"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With embraces.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Gascoigne.</au>



<hw>Col*lin"gual</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having, or

pertaining to, the same language.</def>



<hw>Col*liq"ua*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Liable

to melt, grow soft, or become fluid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Harvey.</au>



<hw>Col*liq"ua*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

first rudiments of an embryo in generation.</def>



<au>Dr. H. More.</au>



<hw>Col"li*quate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Colliquated</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Colliquating</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>col-</ets> + L. <ets>liquare</ets>,

<ets>liquatum</ets>, to melt.]</ety> <def>To change from solid to

fluid; to make or become liquid; to melt.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The ore of it is <qex>colliquated</qex> by the violence of the

fire.</q>

<qau>Boyle.</qau>



<q>[Ice] will <qex>colliquate</qex> in water or warm oil.</q>

<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>



<hw>Col`li*qua"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A melting together; the act of melting; fusion.</def>



<q>When sand and ashes are well melted together and suffered to

cool, there is generated, by the <qex>colliquation</qex>, that

sort of concretion we call \'bdglass\'b8.</q>

<qau>Boyle.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A processive wasting or

melting away of the solid parts of the animal system with copious

excretions of liquids by one or more passages.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Col*liq"ua*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Causing

rapid waste or exhaustion; melting; <as>as, <ex>collequative</ex>

sweats</as>.</def>



<hw>Col*liq`ue*fac"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>colliquefactus</ets> melted; <ets>col-</ets> +

<ets>liquefacere</ets>; <ets>liqu\'c7re</ets> to be liquid +

<ets>facere</ets> to make.]</ety> <def>A melting together; the

reduction of different bodies into one mass by fusion.</def>



<q>The incorporation of metals by simple

<qex>colliquefaction</qex>.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<hw>Col"lish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Shoemaking)</fld> <def>A tool to polish the edge of a

sole.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Col*li"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>collisio</ets>, fr. <ets>collidere</ets>. See

<er>Collide</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of striking

together; a striking together, as of two hard bodies; a violent

meeting, as of railroad trains; a clashing.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A state of opposition; antagonism;

interference.</def>



<q>The <qex>collision</qex> of contrary false principles.</q>

<qau>Bp. Warburton.</qau>



<q>Sensitive to the most trifling <qex>collisions</qex>.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Conflict; clashing; encounter; opposition.</syn>



<hw>Col*li"sive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Colliding;

clashing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Col*lit"i*gant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Disputing or wrangling.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>One who litigates or wrangles.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark></def2>



<hw>Col"lo*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>collocatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>collocare</ets>. See

<er>Couch</er>.]</ety> <def>Set; placed. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Col"lo*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Collocated</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Collocating</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To set or place; to set; to

station.</def>

<-- sic.  why is set repeated? -->



<q>To marshal and <qex>collocate</qex> in order his

battalions.</q>

<qau>E. Hall.</qau>



<hw>Col`lo*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>collocatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of placing; the state

of being placed with something else; disposition in place;

arrangement.</def>



<q>The choice and <qex>collocation</qex> of words.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Jones.</qau>



<hw>Col`lo*cu"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>collocutio</ets>, fr. <ets>colloqui</ets>,

<ets>-locutum</ets>, to converse; <ets>col-</ets> +

<ets>loqui</ets> to speak. See <er>Loquacious</er>.]</ety> <def>A

speaking or conversing together; conference; mutual

discourse.</def>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Col"lo*cu`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>collocutor</ets>]</ety> <def>One of the speakers in a

dialogue.</def>



<au>Derham.</au>



<hw>Col*lo"di*on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

like glue; <?/ glue + <?/ form. Cf. <er>Colloid</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A solution of pyroxylin (soluble gun

cotton) in ether containing a varying proportion of alcohol. It

is strongly adhesive, and is used by surgeons as a containing for

wounds; but its chief application is as a vehicle for the

sensitive film in photography.</def>



<cs><col>Collodion process</col> <fld>(Photog.)</fld>, <cd>a

process in which a film of sensitized collodion is used in

preparing the plate for taking a picture.</cd> -- <col>Styptic

collodion</col>, <cd>collodion containing an astringent, as

tannin.</cd></cs>



<hw>Col*lo"di*on*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

prepare or treat with collodion.</def>



<au>R. Hunt.</au>



<hw>Col*lo"di*o*type</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

picture obtained by the collodion process; a melanotype or

ambrotype.</def>



<hw>Col*lo"di*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Collodion</er>.</def>



<hw>Col*logue"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf. L.

<ets>colloqui</ets> and E. <ets>dialogue</ets>. Cf.

<er>Collocution</er>.]</ety> <def>To talk or confer secretly and

confidentially; to converse, especially with evil intentions; to

plot mischief.</def> <mark>[Archaic or Colloq.]</mark>



<q>Pray go in; and, sister, salve the matter,

<qex>Collogue</qex> with her again, and all shall be well.</q>

<qau>Greene.</qau>



<q>He had been <qex>colloguing</qex> with my wife.</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



<hw>Col"loid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ glue

+ <ets>-oid</ets>. Cf. <er>Collodion</er>.]</ety> <def>Resembling

glue or jelly; characterized by a jellylike appearance;

gelatinous; <as>as, <ex>colloid</ex> tumors</as>.</def>



<hw>Col"loid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance (as albumin, gum,

gelatin, etc.) which is of a gelatinous rather than a crystalline

nature, and which diffuses itself through animal membranes or

vegetable parchment more slowly than crystalloids do; -- opposed

to <xex>crystalloid</xex>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A gelatinous substance found

in colloid degeneration and colloid cancer.</def>



<cs><col>Styptic colloid</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a

preparation of astringent and antiseptic substances with some

colloid material, as collodion, for ready use.</cd></cs>



<hw>Col*loid"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining

to, or of the nature of, colloids.</def>



<hw>Col`loi*dal"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

state or quality of being colloidal.</def>



<hw>Col"lop</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Of uncertain

origin; cf. OF. <ets>colp</ets> blow, stroke, piece, F.

<ets>coup</ets>, fr. L. <ets>colophus</ets> buffet, cuff, Gr.

<?/]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>colp</asp>.]</altsp>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A small slice of meat; a piece of flesh.</def>



<q>God knows thou art a <qex>collop</qex> of my flesh.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Sweetbread and <qex>collops</qex> were with skewers

pricked.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A part or piece of anything; a portion.</def>



<q>Cut two good <qex>collops</qex> out of the crown land.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<hw>Col"loped</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having ridges

or bunches of flesh, like collops.</def>



<q>With that red, gaunt, and <qex>colloped</qex> neck

astrain.</q>

<qau>R. Browning.</qau>



<hw>Col"lo*phore</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

glue + <?/ to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>A suckerlike organ at the base of the abdomen of insects

belonging to the Collembola.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An adhesive

marginal organ of the Lucernariae.</def>



<hw>Col*lo"qui*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Colloqui</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or used in,

conversation, esp. common and familiar conversation;

conversational; hence, unstudied; informal; <as>as,

<ex>colloquial</ex> intercourse; <ex>colloquial</ex> phrases; a

<ex>colloquial</ex> style.</as></def> --

<wordforms><wf>Col*lo"qui*al*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<q>His [Johnson's] <qex>colloquial</qex> talents were, indeed, of

the highest order.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Col*lo"qui*al*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

colloquial expression, not employed in formal discourse or

writing.</def>



<hw>Col*lo"qui*al*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

make colloquial and familiar; <as>as, to <ex>colloquialize</ex>

one's style of writing</as>.</def>



<hw>Col"lo*quist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A speaker

in a colloquy or dialogue.</def>



<au>Malone.</au>



<hw>Col"lo*quy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Colloquies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L.

<ets>colloquium</ets>. See <er>Collocution</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Mutual discourse of two or more persons;

conference; conversation.</def>



<q>They went to Worms, to the <qex>colloquy</qex> there about

religion.</q>

<qau>A. Wood.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In some American colleges, a part in

exhibitions, assigned for a certain scholarship rank; a

designation of rank in collegiate scholarship.</def>



<hw>Col"low</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Soot; smut. See

1st <er>Colly</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Col*luc"tan*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>colluctari</ets> to struggle with.]</ety> <def>A struggling

to resist; a striving against; resistance; opposition of

nature.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Col`luc*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>colluctatio</ets>, fr. <ets>colluctari</ets> to struggle

with; <ets>col-</ets> + <ets>luctari</ets> to struggle.]</ety>

<def>A struggling; a contention.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q><qex>Colluctation</qex> with old hags and hobgoblins.</q>

<qau>Dr. H. More.</qau>



<hw>Col*lude"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Colluded</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Colluding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>colludere</ets>, <ets>-lusum</ets>; <ets>col-</ets> +

<ets>ludere</ets> to play. See <er>Ludicrous</er>.]</ety> <def>To

have secretly a joint part or share in an action; to play into

each other's hands; to conspire; to act in concert.</def>



<q>If they let things take their course, they will be represented

as <qex>colluding</qex> with sedition.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<hw>Col*lud"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

conspires in a fraud.</def>



<hw>\'d8Col"lum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Colla</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L., neck.]</ety> 



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A neck or cervix.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Collar</er>.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>Col*lu"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>collusio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>collusion</ets>. See

<er>Collude</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A secret agreement and

cooperation for a fraudulent or deceitful purpose; a playing into

each other's hands; deceit; fraud; cunning.</def>



<q>The foxe, maister of <qex>collusion</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<q>That they [miracles] be done publicly, in the face of the

world, that there may be no room to suspect artifice and

<qex>collusion</qex>.</q>

<qau>Atterbury.</qau>



<q>By the ignorance of the merchants or dishonesty of the

weavers, or the <qex>collusion</qex> of both, the ware was bad

and the price excessive.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An agreement between two or

more persons to defraud a person of his rights, by the forms of

law, or to obtain an object forbidden by law.</def>



<au>Bouvier. Abbott.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Collusion</er>, <er>Connivance</er>.</syn>

<usage> A person who is guilty of <xex>connivance</xex>

intentionally overlooks, and thus sanctions what he was bound to

prevent. A person who is guilty of <xex>collusion</xex> unites

with others (playing into their hands) for fraudulent

purposes.</usage>



<hw>Col*lu"sive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Characterized by collusion; done or planned in

collusion.</def> \'bd<xex>Collusive</xex> and sophistical

arguings.\'b8 <au>J. Trapp.</au>  \'bd<xex>Collusive</xex>

divorces.\'b8 <au>Strype.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Acting in collusion.</def> \'bd<xex>Collusive

parties</xex>.\'b8 <au>Burke.</au>



-- <wordforms><wf>Col*lu"sive*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Col*lu"sive*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Col*lu"so*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>collusorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Collusive.</def>



<hw>Col"lu*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>colluere</ets>, <ets>collutum</ets>, to wash.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A medicated wash for the mouth.</def>



<hw>Col"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Coal</er>.]</ety> <def>The black grime or soot of coal.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Burton.</au>



<hw>Col"ly</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Collied</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Collying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To render black or

dark, as of with coal smut; to begrime.</def>

<mark>[Archaic.]</mark>



<q>Thou hast not <qex>collied</qex> thy face enough.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<q>Brief as the lighting in the <qex>collied</qex> night.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Col"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A kind of dog.

See <er>Collie</er>.</def>



<hw>Col"ly*bist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

fr. <?/ a small coin.]</ety> <def>A money changer.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>In the face of these guilty <qex>collybists</qex>.</q>

<qau>Bp. Hall.</qau>



<hw>Col*lyr"i*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.

<plw>Collyriums</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, L. <plw>Collyria</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An application to the eye, usually an

eyewater.</def>



<hw>\'d8Col`o*co"lo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A South American wild cat (<spn>Felis

colocolo</spn>), of the size of the ocelot.</def>



<hw>Col"ocynth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>colocynthis</ets>, Gr. <?/. Cf.

<er>Coloquintida</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The light

spongy pulp of the fruit of the bitter cucumber (<spn>Citrullus,

<or/ Cucumis, colocynthis</spn>), an Asiatic plant allied to the

watermelon; coloquintida. It comes in white balls, is intensely

bitter, and a powerful cathartic. Called also <altname>bitter

apple</altname>, <altname>bitter cucumber</altname>,

<altname>bitter gourd</altname>.</def>



<hw>Col`o*cyn"thin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>colocynthine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The

active medicinal principle of colocynth; a bitter, yellow,

crystalline substance, regarded as a glucoside.</def>



<hw>Co*logne"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Originally

made in <ets>Cologne</ets>, the French name of K\'94ln, a city in

Germany.]</ety> <def>A perfumed liquid, composed of alcohol and

certain aromatic oils, used in the toilet; -- called also

<altname>cologne water</altname> and <altname>eau de

cologne</altname>.</def>



<hw>Co*logne" earth`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[From

<ets>Cologne</ets> the city.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An

earth of a deep brown color, containing more vegetable than

mineral matter; an earthy variety of lignite, or brown

coal.</def>



<hw>Col"om*bier</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<def>A large size of paper for drawings. See under

<er>Paper</er>.</def>



<hw>Co*lom"bin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Calumbin</er>.</def>



<hw>Co*lom"bo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>See <er>Calumba</er>.</def>



<hw>Co"lon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>colon</ets>, <ets>colum</ets>, limb, member, the largest of

the intestines, fr. Gr. <?/, and in sense of the intestine, <?/:

cf. F. <ets>colon</ets>. Cf. <er>Colic</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>That part of the large intestines which

extends from the c\'91cum to the rectum. <note>[See

<xex>Illust</xex> of <er>Digestion</er>.]</note></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A point or character, formed

thus [:], used to separate parts of a sentence that are complete

in themselves and nearly independent, often taking the place of a

conjunction.</def>



<hw>Colo"nel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>colonel</ets>, It. <ets>colonello</ets>, prop., the chief or

commander of a column, fr. <ets>colonna</ets> column, L.

<ets>columna</ets>. See <er>Column</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>

<def>The chief officer of a regiment; an officer ranking next

above a lieutenant colonel and next below a brigadier

general.</def>



<hw>Colo"nel*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The office, rank, or commission of a

colonel.</def>



<hw>Colo"nel*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Colonelcy.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>Col"o*ner</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

colonist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Holland</au>



<hw>Co*lo"ni*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>colonial</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a colony;

<as>as, <ex>colonial</ex> rights, traffic, wars</as>.</def>



<hw>Co*lon"i*cal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>colonus</ets> husbandman.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to

husbandmen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Col"o*nist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A member or

inhabitant of a colony.</def>



<hw>\'d8Col`o*ni"tis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>See <er>Colitis</er>.</def>



<hw>Col`o*ni*za"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>colonisation</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tha act of colonizing, or

the state of being colonized; the formation of a colony or

colonies.</def>



<q>The wide continent of America invited

<qex>colonization</qex>.</q>

<qau>Bancroft.</qau>



<hw>Col`o*ni*za"tion*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A friend to

colonization, esp. <mark>(U. S. Hist)</mark> to the colonization

of Africa by emigrants from the colored population of the United

States.</def>



<hw>Col"o*nize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Colonized</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Colonizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>coloniser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To plant or establish a colony

or colonies in; to people with colonists; to migrate to and

settle in.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<q>They that would thus <qex>colonize</qex> the stars with

inhabitants.</q>

<qau>Howell.</qau>



<hw>Col"o*nize</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To remove to, and

settle in, a distant country; to make a colony.</def>



<au>C. Buchanan.</au>



<hw>Col"o*ni`zer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

promotes or establishes a colony; a colonist.</def>



<au>Bancroft.</au>



<hw>Col`on*nade"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>colonnade</ets>, It. <ets>colonnata</ets>, fr.

<ets>colonna</ets> column. See <er>Colonel</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A series or range of columns placed at

regular intervals with all the adjuncts, as entablature,

stylobate, roof, etc.</def>



<note><hand/ When in front of a building, it is called <xex>a

portico</xex>; when surrounding a building or an open court or

square, a <xex>peristyle</xex>.</note>



<hw>Col"o*ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Colonies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L.

<ets>colonia</ets>, fr. <ets>colonus</ets> farmer, fr.

<ets>colere</ets> to cultivate, dwell: cf. F. <ets>colonie</ets>.

Cf. <er>Culture</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A company of people

transplanted from their mother country to a remote province or

country, and remaining subject to the jurisdiction of the parent

state; <as>as, the British <ex>colonies</ex> in

America</as>.</def>



<q>The first settlers of New England were the best of Englishmen,

well educated, devout Christians, and zealous lovers of liberty.

There was never a <qex>colony</qex> formed of better

materials.</q>

<qau>Ames.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The district or country colonized; a

settlement.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A company of persons from the same country

sojourning in a foreign city or land; <as>as, the American

<ex>colony</ex> in Paris</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld> <def>A number of animals or

plants living or growing together, beyond their usual

range.</def>



<hw>Col"o*pha`ny</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Colophony</er>.</def>



<hw>Co"lo*phene</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless, oily liquid, formerly

obtained by distillation of colophony. It is regarded as a

polymeric form of terebenthene. Called also

<altname>diterebene</altname>.</def>



<-- p. 280 -->



<hw>Col"o*phon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>colophon</ets> finishing stroke, Gr. <?/; cf. L.

<ets>culmen</ets> top, <ets>collis</ets> hill. Cf.

<er>Holm</er>.]</ety> <def>An inscription, monogram, or cipher,

containing the place and date of publication, printer's name,

etc., formerly placed on the last page of a book.</def>



<q>The <qex>colophon</qex>, or final description, fell into

disuse, and . . . the title page had become the principal direct

means of identifying the book.</q>

<qau>De Morgan.</qau>



<q>The book was uninjured from title page to

<qex>colophon</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<hw>Col"o*pho*nite</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>colophonite</ets>. So named from its

resemblance to the color of <ets>colophony</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A coarsely granular variety of

garnet.</def>



<hw>Col"o*pho`ny</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ (sc. <?/ resin, gum) resin, fr. <?/ of or from

Colophon in Ionia.]</ety> <def>Rosin.</def>



<hw>Col`o*quin"ti*da</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Colocynth</er>.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Col"or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>colour</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[OF. <ets>color</ets>,

<ets>colur</ets>, <ets>colour</ets>, F. <ets>couleur</ets>, L.

<ets>color</ets>; prob. akin to <ets>celare</ets> to conceal (the

color taken as that which covers). See <er>Helmet</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A property depending on the relations of light

to the eye, by which individual and specific differences in the

hues and tints of objects are apprehended in vision; <as>as, gay

<ex>colors</ex>; sad <ex>colors</ex>, etc.</as></def>



<note><hand/ The sensation of <xex>color</xex> depends upon a

peculiar function of the retina or optic nerve, in consequence of

which rays of light produce different effects according to the

length of their waves or undulations, waves of a certain length

producing the sensation of red, shorter waves green, and those

still shorter blue, etc. White, or ordinary, light consists of

waves of various lengths so blended as to produce no effect of

color, and the <xex>color</xex> of objects depends upon their

power to absorb or reflect a greater or less proportion of the

rays which fall upon them.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any hue distinguished from white or black.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The hue or color characteristic of good health

and spirits; ruddy complexion.</def>



<q>Give <qex>color</qex> to my pale cheek.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>That which is used to give color; a paint; a

pigment; <as>as, oil <ex>colors</ex> or water

<ex>colors</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>That which covers or hides the real character of

anything; semblance; excuse; disguise; appearance.</def>



<q>They had let down the boat into the sea, under

<qex>color</qex> as though they would have cast anchors out of

the foreship.</q>

<qau>Acts xxvii. 30.</qau>



<q>That he should die is worthy policy;

But yet we want a <qex>color</qex> for his death.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Shade or variety of character; kind;

species.</def>



<q>Boys and women are for the most part cattle of this

<qex>color</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>A distinguishing badge, as a flag or similar

symbol (usually in the plural); <as>as, the <ex>colors</ex> or

<ex>color</ex> of a ship or regiment; the <ex>colors</ex> of a

race horse (that is, of the cap and jacket worn by the

jockey).</as></def>



<q>In the United States each regiment of infantry and artillery

has two <qex>colors</qex>, one national and one regimental.</q>

<qau>Farrow.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An apparent right; as where the

defendant in trespass gave to the plaintiff an appearance of

title, by stating his title specially, thus removing the cause

from the jury to the court.</def>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<note><hand/ <xex>Color</xex> is <xex>express</xex> when it is

asverred in the pleading, and <xex>implied</xex> when it is

implied in the pleading.</note>



<cs><col>Body color</col>. <cd>See under <er>Body</er>.</cd> --

<col>Color blindness</col>, <cd>total or partial inability to

distinguish or recognize colors. See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> --

<col>Complementary color</col>, <cd>one of two colors so related

to each other that when blended together they produce white

light; -- so called because each color makes up to the other what

it lacks to make it white. Artificial or pigment colors, when

mixed, produce effects differing from those of the primary

colors, in consequence of partial absorption.</cd> -- <col>Of

color</col> (as persons, races, etc.), <cd>not of the white race;

-- commonly meaning, esp. in the United States, of negro blood,

pure or mixed.</cd> -- <col>Primary colors</col>, <cd>those

developed from the solar beam by the prism, viz., red, orange,

yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet, which are reduced by

some authors to three, -- red, green, and violet-blue. These

three are sometimes called <altname>fundamental

colors</altname>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Subjective</col> <or/

<col>Accidental color</col></mcol>, <cd>a false or spurious color

seen in some instances, owing to the persistence of the luminous

impression upon the retina, and a gradual change of its

character, as where a wheel perfectly white, and with a

circumference regulary subdiveded, is made to revolve rapidly

over a dark object, the teeth, of the wheel appear to the eye of

different shades of color varying with the rapidity of rotation.

See <cref>Accidental colors</cref>, under

<er>Accidental</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Col"or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Colored</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Coloring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.

<ets>colorer</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To change or alter

the bue or tint of, by dyeing, staining, painting, etc.; to dye;

to tinge; to aint; to stain.</def>



<q>The rays, to speak properly, are not <qex>colored</qex>; in

them there is nothing else than a certain power and disposition

to stir up a sensation of this or that color.</q>

<qau>Sir I. Newton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To change or alter, as if by dyeing or painting;

to give a false appearance to; usually, to give a specious

appearance to; to cause to appear attractive; to make plausible;

to palliate or excuse; <as>as, the facts were <ex>colored</ex> by

his prejudices</as>.</def>



<q>He <qex>colors</qex> the falsehood of \'92neas by an express

command from Jupiter to forsake the queen.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To hide.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>That by his fellowship he <qex>color</qex> might

Both his estate and love from skill of any wight.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Col"or</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To acquire color; to turn

red, especially in the face; to blush.</def>



<hw>Col"or*a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Specious;

plausible; having an appearance of right or justice.</def>

\'bd<xex>Colorable</xex> pretense for infidility.\'b8



<au>Bp. Stillingfleet.</au>



-- <wordforms><wf>Col"or*a*ble*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos> --

<wf>Col"or*a*bly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<q><qex>Colorable</qex> and subtle crimes, that seldom are taken

within the walk of human justice.</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<hw>Col`o*ra"do bee"tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A yellowish beetle (<spn>Doryphora decemlineata</spn>), with

ten longitudinal, black, dorsal stripes. It has migrated

eastwards from its original habitat in Colorado, and is very

destructive to the potato plant; -- called also <altname>potato

beetle</altname> and <altname>potato bug</altname>. See

<er>Potato beetle</er>.</def>



<hw>Col`o*ra"do group</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld>

<def>A subdivision of the cretaceous formation of western North

America, especially developed in Colorado and the upper Missouri

region.</def>



<hw>Col`o*ra"do*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Mercury telluride, an iron-black metallic

mineral, found in Colorado.</def>



<hw>Col"or*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>coloratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>colorare</ets> to

color.]</ety> <def>Colored.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Ray.</au>



<hw>Col`or*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act

or art of coloring; the state of being colored.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<q>The females . . . resemble each other in their general type of

<qex>coloration</qex>.</q>

<qau>Darwin.</qau>



<hw>Col"or*a*ture</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

G. <ets>coloratur</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>coloratura</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Vocal music <xex>colored</xex>, as it

were, by florid ornaments, runs, or rapid passages.</def>



<hw>Col"or-blind</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Affected

with color blindness. See <cref>Color blindness</cref>, under

<er>Color</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def>



<hw>Col"ored</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Having color; tinged; dyed; painted; stained.</def>



<q>The lime rod, <qex>colored</qex> as the glede.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<q>The <qex>colored</qex> rainbow arched wide.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Specious; plausible; aborned so as to appear

well; <as>as, a highly <ex>colored</ex> description</as>.</def>



<au>Sir G. C. Lewis.</au>



<q>His <qex>colored</qex> crime with craft to cloke.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Of some other color than black or white.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>Of some other color than

white; specifically applied to negroes or persons having negro

blood; <as>as, a <ex>colored</ex> man; the <ex>colored</ex>

people.</as></def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of some other color than

green.</def>



<q><qex>Colored</qex>, meaning, as applied to foliage, of some

other color than green.</q>

<qau>Gray.</qau>



<note><hand/ In botany, green is not regarded as a color, but

white is.</note>



<au>Wood.</au>



<hw>Col`or*if"ic</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>color</ets> color + <ets>facere</ets> to make: cf. F.

<ets>colorifique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of communicating

color or tint to other bodies.</def>



<hw>Col`or*im"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Color</ets> + <ets>-</ets>meter: cf. F.

<ets>colorim\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for

measuring the depth of the color of anything, especially of a

liquid, by comparison with a standard liquid.</def>



<hw>Col"or*ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of applying color to; also, that which produces

color.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Change of appearance as by addition of color;

appearance; show; disguise; misrepresentation.</def>



<q>Tell the whole story without <qex>coloring</qex> or gloss.</q>

<qau>Compton Reade.</qau>



<cs><col>Dead coloring</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Dead</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Col"or*ist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>coloriste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who colors; an artist who

excels in the use of colors; one to whom coloring is of prime

importance.</def>



<q>Titian, Paul Veronese, Van Dyck, and the rest of the good

<qex>colorists</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Col"or*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Without

color; not distinguished by any hue; transparent; <as>as,

<ex>colorless</ex> water</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Free from any manifestation of partial or

peculiar sentiment or feeling; not disclosing likes, dislikes,

prejudice, etc.; <as>as, <ex>colorless</ex> music; a

<ex>colorless</ex> style; definitions should be

<ex>colorless</ex>.</as></def>



<hw>Col"or*man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Colormen</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <def>A vender of paints,

etc.</def>



<au>Simmonds.</au>



<hw>Col"or ser"geant</hw>. <def>See under

<er>Sergeant</er>.</def>



<hw>Co*los"sal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>cossal</ets>, L. <ets>colosseus</ets>. See

<er>Colossus</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of enormous size;

gigantic; huge; <as>as, a <ex>colossal</ex> statue</as>.</def>

\'bdA <xex>colossal</xex> stride.\'b8



<au>Motley.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Sculpture & Painting)</fld> <def>Of a size

larger than heroic. See <er>Heroic</er>.</def>



<hw>Col`os*se"an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Colossal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Col`os*se"um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Neut.,

fr. L. <ets>coloseus</ets> gigantic. See

<er>Coliseum</er>.]</ety> <def>The amphitheater of Vespasian in

Rome.</def> <altsp>[Also written <asp>Coliseum</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Co*los"sus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. L.

<plw>Colossi</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, E. <plw>Colossuses</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A statue of gigantic size. The name was especially applied

to certain famous statues in antiquity, as the

<xex>Colossus</xex> of Nero in Rome, the <xex>Colossus</xex> of

Apollo at Rhodes.</def>



<q>He doth bestride the narrow world

Like a <qex>colossus</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<note><hand/ There is no authority for the statement that the

legs of the Colossus at Rhodes extended over the mouth of the

harbor.</note>



<au>Dr. Wm. Smith.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any man or beast of gigantic size.</def>



<hw>\'d8Co*los"trum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

biestings.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The first

milk secreted after delivery; biestings.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>A mixture of turpentine and the yolk of an egg, formerly

used as an emulsion.</def>



<hw>Co*lot"o*my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

colon + <?/ cutting.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>An operation

for opening the colon</def>



<hw>Col"our</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Color</er>.</def>



<hw>Colp</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Collop</er>.</def>



<hw>Col"por`tage</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<def>The distribution of religious books, tracts, etc., by

colporteurs.</def>



<hw>Col"por`ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Colporteur</er>.</def>



<hw>Col"por`teur</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>colporteur</ets> one who carries on his neck, fr.

<ets>colporter</ets> to carry on one's neck; <ets>col</ets> (L.

<ets>collum</ets>) neck + <ets>porter</ets> (L.

<ets>portare</ets>) to carry.]</ety> <def>A hawker; specifically,

one who travels about selling and distributing religious tracts

and books.</def>



<hw>Col"staff`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>col</ets> neck + E. <ets>staff</ets>. Cf.

<er>Coll</er>.]</ety> <def>A staff by means of which a burden is

borne by two persons on their shoulders.</def>



<hw>Colt</hw> <pr>(?; 110)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>colt</ets> a young horse, ass, or camel, AS.

<ets>colt</ets>; cf. dial. Sw. <ets>kullt</ets> a boy,

lad.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The young of the equine genus or

horse kind of animals; -- sometimes distinctively applied to the

male, <xex>filly</xex> being the female. Cf. <er>Foal</er>.</def>



<note><hand/ In sporting circles it is usual to reckon the age of

colts from some arbitrary date, as from January 1, or May 1, next

preceding the birth of the animal.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A young, foolish fellow.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A short knotted rope formerly used as an

instrument of punishment in the navy.</def>



<au>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</au>



<cs><col>Colt's tooth</col>, <cd>an imperfect or superfluous

tooth in young horses.</cd> -- <col>To cast one's colt's

tooth</col></mcol>, <cd>to cease from youthful wantonness.</cd>

\'bdYour <xex>colt's tooth<xex> is not cast yet.\'b8

<au>Shak.</au> -- <col>To have a colt's tooth</col>, <cd>to be

wanton.</cd>



<au>Chaucer.</au>

</cs>



<hw>Colt</hw> <pr>(?; 110)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To frisk

or frolic like a colt; to act licentiously or wantonly.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>They shook off their bridles and began to <qex>colt</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Colt</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To horse; to get

with young.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To befool.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Col"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>culter</ets>, fr. L. <ets>culter</ets> plowshare, knife. Cf.

<er>Cutlass</er>.]</ety> <def>A knife or cutter, attached to the

beam of a plow to cut the sward, in advance of the plowshare and

moldboard.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>coulter</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Colt"ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a colt;

wanton; frisky.</def>



<q>He was all <qex>coltish</qex>, full of ragery.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



-- <wordforms><wf>Colt"ish*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Colt"ish*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Colts"foot`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A perennial herb (<spn>Tussilago

Farfara</spn>), whose leaves and rootstock are sometimes employed

in medicine.</def>



<cs><col>Butterbur coltsfoot</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a

European plant (<spn>Petasites vulgaris</spn>).</cd></cs>



<hw>Colt's" tooth`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>See under

<er>Colt</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Col"u*ber</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a

serpent.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of harmless

serpents.</def>



<note><hand/ Linn\'91us placed in this genus all serpents,

whether venomous or not, whose scales beneath the tail are

arranged in pairs; but by modern writers it is greatly

restricted.</note>



<hw>Col"u*brine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>colubrinus</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>like or related to snakes of the genus Coluber.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Like a snake; cunning; crafty.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>\'d8Co*lu"go</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. an

aboriginal name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A peculiar

East Indian mammal (<spn>Galleopithecus volans</spn>), having

along the sides, connecting the fore and hind limbs, a

parachutelike membrane, by means of which it is able to make long

leaps, like the flying squirrel; -- called also <altname>flying

lemur</altname>.</def>



<hw>Co*lum"ba</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>See <er>Calumba</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Co*lum"b\'91</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>;

<ety>[L. <ets>columba</ets> pigeon.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>An order of birds, including the pigeons.</def>



<hw>\'d8Col`um*ba"ri*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl. L. <plw>Columbaria</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu> <ety>[L. See

<er>Columbary</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>A dovecote or pigeon house.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A

sepulchral chamber with niches for holding cinerary urns.</def>



<hw>Col"um*ba*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Columbaries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L.

<ets>columbarium</ets>, fr. <ets>columba</ets> a dove.]</ety>

<def>A dovecote; a pigeon house.</def>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Co*lum"bate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>colombate</ets>. See <er>Columbium</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of columbic acid; a niobate. See

<er>Columbium</er>.</def>



<hw>Co*lum"batz fly`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[From

<ets>Kolumbatz</ets>, a mountain in Germany.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Buffalo fly</cref>, under

<er>Buffalo</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Col`um*bel"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

dim. of L. <ets>columba</ets> a dove. So called from a fancied

resemblance in color and form, of some species.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of univale shells, abundant in

tropical seas. Some species, as <spn>Columbella mercatoria</spn>,

were formerly used as shell money.</def>



<hw>Co*lum"bi*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>America;

the United States; -- a poetical appellation given in honor of

<ets>Columbus</ets>, the discoverer.</def>



<au>Dr. T. Dwight.</au>



<hw>Co*lum"bi*ad</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<ets>Columbia</ets> the United States.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>

<def>A form of seacoast cannon; a long, chambered gun designed

for throwing shot or shells with heavy charges of powder, at high

angles of elevation.</def>



<note><hand/ Since the War of 1812 the <xex>Columbiad</xex> has

been much modified form now used in seacoast defense is often

called the <xex>Rodman gun</xex>.</note>



<hw>Co*lum"bi*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Columbia</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the United

States, or to America.</def>



<hw>Co*lum"bic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Columbium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to,

or containing, columbium or niobium; niobic.</def>



<cs><col>Columbic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a weak acid

derived from columbic or niobic oxide, <chform>Nb2O5</chform>; --

called also <altname>niobic acid</altname>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Co*lum"bic</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Columbo</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, the

columbo root.</def>



<cs><col>Columbic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an organic

acid extracted from the columbo root as a bitter, yellow,

amorphous substance.</cd></cs>



<hw>Co*lum"bi*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Colombier</er>.</def>



<hw>Col"um*bif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Columbium</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Producing or containing columbium.</def>



<hw>Co*lum"bin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white, crystalline, bitter substance.

See <er>Calumbin</er>.</def>



<hw>Col"um*bine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>columbinus</ets>, fr. <ets>columba</ets> dove.]</ety>

<def>Of or pertaining to a dove; dovelike; dove-colored.</def>

\'bd<xex>Columbine</xex> innocency.\'b8



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Col"um*bine</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>LL</ets>.

<ets>columbina</ets>, <ets>L</ets>. <ets>columbinus</ets>

dovelike, fr. <ets>columba</ets> dove: cf. F.

<ets>colombine</ets>. Perh. so called from the beaklike spurs of

its flowers.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of

several species of the genus <spn>Aquilegia</spn>; <as>as,

<spn>A. vulgaris</spn>, or the common garden columbine; <spn>A.

Canadensis</spn>, the wild red columbine of North

America.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The mistress or sweetheart of Harlequin in

pantomimes.</def>



<au>Brewer.</au>



<hw>Co*lum"bite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>colombite</ets>. See <er>Columbium</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral of a black color, submetallic

luster, and high specific specific gravity. It is a niobate (or

columbate) of iron and manganese, containing tantalate of iron;

-- first found in New England.</def>



<-- p. 281 -->



<hw>Co*lum"bi*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.

<ets>Columbia</ets> America.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A

rare element of the vanadium group, first found in a variety of

the mineral columbite occurring in Connecticut, probably at

Haddam. Atomic weight 94.2. Symbol Cb or Nb. Now more commonly

called <xex>niobium</xex>.</def>



<hw>Co*lum"bo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>See <er>Calumba</er>.</def>



<hw>Col`u*mel"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., dim.

of <ets>columen</ets> column. See <er>Column</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An axis to which

a carpel of a compound pistil may be attached, as in the case of

the geranium; or which is left when a pod opens.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd><def> A columnlike axis in the capsule of

mosses.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A term applied to various

columnlike parts; <as>as, the <ex>columnella</ex>, or

epipterygoid bone, in the skull of many lizards; the

<ex>columella</ex> of the ear, the bony or cartilaginous rod

connecting the tympanic membrane with the internal

ear.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The upright

pillar in the axis of most univalve shells.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>The central pillar or axis of the calicles of certain

corals.</def>



<hw>Col`u*mel"li*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Columella</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Shaped

like a little column, or columella.</def>



<hw>Col"umn</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>columna</ets>, fr. <ets>columen</ets>, <ets>culmen</ets>,

fr. <ets>cellere</ets> (used only in comp.), akin to E.

<ets>excel</ets>, and prob. to <ets>holm</ets>. <ets>See</ets>

<er>Holm</er>, and cf. <er>Colonel</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A kind of pillar; a cylindrical or

polygonal support for a roof, ceiling, statue, etc., somewhat

ornamented, and usually composed of base, shaft, and capital. See

<er>Order</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything resembling, in form or position, a

column an architecture; an upright body or mass; a shaft or

obelisk; <as>as, a <ex>column</ex> of air, of water, of mercury,

etc.</as> ; the <xex>Column</xex> Vend\'93me; the spinal

<xex>column</xex>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A body of troops

formed in ranks, one behind the other; -- contradistinguished

from <xex>line</xex>.</def> <xex>Compare</xex> <er>Ploy</er>, and

<er>Deploy</er>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A small army.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A number of ships so arranged

as to follow one another in single or double file or in

squadrons; -- in distinction from \'bdline\'b8, where they are

side by side.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A perpendicular set of

lines, not extending across the page, and separated from other

matter by a rule or blank space; <as>as, a <ex>column</ex> in a

newspaper</as>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Arith.)</fld> <def>A perpendicular line of

figures.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The body formed by the union

of the stamens in the Mallow family, or of the stamens and pistil

in the orchids.</def>



<cs><col>Attached column</col>. <cd>See under <er>Attach</er>,

<pos>v.</cd> t.</pos> -- <col>Clustered column</col>. <cd>See

under <er>Cluster</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos> </cd> -- <col>Column

rule</col>, <cd>a thin strip of brass separating columns of type

in the form, and making a line between them in

printing.</cd></cs>



<hw>Co*lum"*nar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>columnaris</ets>, fr. <ets>columna</ets>.]</ety> <def>Formed

in columns; having the form of a column or columns; like the

shaft of a column.</def>



<cs><col>Columnar epithelium</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>,

<cd>epithelium in which the cells are priismatic in form, and set

upright on the surface they cover.</cd> -- <col>Columnar

structure</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>a structure consisting of

more or less regular columns, usually six-sided, but sometimes

with eight or more sides. The columns are often fractured

transversely, with a cup joint, showing a concave surface above.

This structure is characteristic of certain igneous rocks, as

basalt, and is due to contraction in cooling.<-- like at Giant's

causeway, Ireland?--></cd></cs>



<hw>Col`um*nar"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

state or quality of being columnar.</def>



<hw>Co*lum"na*ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

columns; <as>as, <ex>columnated</ex> temples</as>.</def>



<hw>Col"umned</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

columns.</def>



<q>Troas and Ilion's <qex>columned</qex> citadel.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Co*lum`ni*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

employment or arrangement of columns in a structure.</def>



<au>Gwilt.</au>



<hw>Co*lure"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Colures</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[F.

<ets>colure</ets>, L. <ets>coluri</ets>, pl., fr. Gr. <?/

dock-tailed, <?/ (sc. <?/ lines) the colures; fr. <?/ docked,

stunted + <?/ tail. So named because a part is always beneath the

horizon.]</ety> <fld>(Astron. & Geog.)</fld> <def>One of two

great circles intersecting at right angles in the poles of the

equator. One of them passes through the equinoctial points, and

hence is denominated the <xex>equinoctial</xex> colure; the other

intersects the equator at the distance of 90<deg/ from the

former, and is called the <xex>solstitial</xex> colure.</def>



<q>Thrice the equinoctial line

He circled; four times crossed the car of night

From pole to pole, traversing each <qex>colure</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Co"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Colies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[NL.

<ets>colius</ets>, prob. fr. Gr. <?/ a kind of woodpecker.]</ety>

<def>Any bird of the genus <spn>Colius</spn> and allied genera.

They inhabit Africa.</def>



<hw>Col"za</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. D.

<ets>koolzaad</ets>, prob., cabbage seed; <ets>kool</ets> (akin

to E. <ets>cole</ets>) + <ets>zaad</ets> akin to E.

<ets>seed</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A variety of

cabbage (<spn>Brassica oleracea</spn>), cultivated for its seeds,

which yield an oil valued for illuminating and lubricating

purposes; summer rape.</def>



<hw>Com-</hw>. <def>A prefix from the Latin preposition

<xex>cum</xex>, signifying <xex>with</xex>, <xex>together</xex>,

<xex>in conjunction</xex>, <xex>very</xex>, etc. It is used in

the form <xex>com</xex>- before <xex>b</xex>, <xex>m</xex>,

<xex>p</xex>, and sometimes <xex>f</xex>, and by assimilation

becomes <xex>col</xex>- before <xex>l</xex>, <xex>cor</xex>-

before <xex>r</xex>, and <xex>con</xex>- before any consonant

except <xex>b</xex>, <xex>h</xex>, <xex>l</xex>, <xex>m</xex>,

<xex>p</xex>, <xex>r</xex>, and <xex>w</xex>. Before a vowel

<xex>com</xex>- becomes <xex>co</xex>-; also before <xex>h</xex>,

<xex>w</xex>, and sometimes before other consonants.</def>



<hw>\'d8Co"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr.

<?/ lethargy, fr. <?/ to put to sleep. See

<er>Cemetery</er>.]</ety> <def>A state of profound insensibility

from which it is difficult or impossible to rouse a person. See

<er>Carus</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Co"ma</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., hair, fr. Gr.

<?/.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The envelope of

a comet; a nebulous covering, which surrounds the nucleus or body

of a comet.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tuft or bunch, -- as the

assemblage of branches forming the head of a tree; or a cluster

of brachts when empty and terminating the inflorescence of a

plant; or a tuft of long hairs on certain seeds.</def>



<cs><col>Coma Berenices</col> <pr>(<?/)</pr> <ety>[L.]</ety>

<fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>a small constellation north of Virgo;

-- called also <altname>Berenice's Hair</altname>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Co*man"ches</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>;

<sing>sing. <singw>Comanche</singw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr> </sing>.

<fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A warlike, savage, and nomadic tribe of

the Shoshone family of Indians, inhabiting Mexico and the

adjacent parts of the United States; -- called also

<altname>Paducahs</altname>. They are noted for plundering and

cruelty.</def>



<hw>Co"mart`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

covenant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Co"mate</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>comatus</ets>, fr. <ets>comare</ets> to clothe with hair,

fr. <ets>coma</ets> hair.]</ety> <def>Encompassed with a coma, or

bushy appearance, like hair; hairy.</def>



<hw>Co"-mate`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>co-</ets> + <ets>mate</ets>.]</ety> <def>A companion.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Co"ma*tose`</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[From <er>Coma</er> lethargy.]</ety> <def>Relating to, or

resembling, coma; drowsy; lethargic; <as>as, <ex>comatose</ex>

sleep; <ex>comatose</ex> fever.</as></def>



<hw>Co"ma*tons</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Comatose.</def>



<hw>\'d8Co*mat"u*la</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>comatulus</ets> having hair neatly curled,

dim. fr. <ets>coma</ets> hair.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A crinoid of the genus <spn>Antedon</spn> and related

genera. When young they are fixed by a stem. When adult they

become detached and cling to seaweeds, etc., by their dorsal

cirri; -- called also <altname>feather stars</altname>.</def>



<hw>Co*mat"u*lid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any crinoid of the genus

<spn>Antedon</spn> or allied genera.</def>



<hw>Comb</hw> <pr>(?; 110)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS..

<ets>camb</ets>; akin to Sw., Dan., & D. <ets>kam</ets>, Icel.

<ets>kambr</ets>, G. <ets>kamm</ets>, Gr. <?/ a grinder tooth,

Skr. <ets>jambha</ets> tooth.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An

instrument with teeth, for straightening, cleansing, and

adjusting the hair, or for keeping it in place.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An instrument for currying hairy animals, or

cleansing and smoothing their coats; a currycomb.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Manuf. & Mech.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A

toothed instrument used for separating and cleansing wool, flax,

hair, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The serrated vibratory doffing

knife of a carding machine.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A former,

commonly cone-shaped, used in hat manufacturing for hardening the

soft fiber into a bat.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A tool with teeth,

used for chasing screws on work in a lathe; a chaser.</def>

<sd>(e)</sd> <def>The notched scale of a wire micrometer.</def>

<sd>(f)</sd> <def>The collector of an electrical machine, usually

resembling a comb.</def>

<-- "former" in (c) is a noun. -->



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The naked

fleshy crest or caruncle on the upper part of the bill or hood of

a cock or other bird. It is usually red.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>One of a pair of peculiar organs on the base of the abdomen

of scorpions.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The curling crest of a wave.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>The waxen framework forming the walls of the

cells in which bees store their honey, eggs, etc.;

honeycomb.</def> \'bdA <xex>comb</xex> of honey.\'b8



<au>Wyclif.</au>



<q>When the bee doth leave her <qex>comb</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>The thumbpiece of the hammer of a gunlock, by

which it may be cocked.</def>



<hw>Comb</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Combed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Combing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To disentangle, cleanse, or

adjust, with a comb; to lay smooth and straight with, or as with,

a comb; <as>as, to <ex>comb</ex> hair or wool</as>. See under

<er>Combing</er>.</def>



<q><qex>Comb</qex> down his hair; look, look! it stands

upright.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Comb</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Comb</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, 5.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To roll over, as

the top or crest of a wave; to break with a white foam, as

waves.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Comb</hw>, <hw>Combe</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, }</mhw>

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>comb</ets>, prob. of Celtic origin;

cf. W. <ets>cwm</ets> a dale, valley.]</ety> <def>That unwatered

portion of a valley which forms its continuation beyond and above

the most elevated spring that issues into it.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>coombe</asp>.]</altsp>



<au>Buckland.</au>



<q>A gradual rise the shelving <qex>combe</qex>

Displayed.</q>

<qau>Southey.</qau>



<hw>Comb</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A dry measure. See

<er>Coomb</er>.</def>



<hw>Com"bat</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; 277)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Combated</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Combating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.

<ets>combattre</ets>; pref. <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>battre</ets>

to beat, fr. L. <ets>battuere</ets> to strike. See

<er>Batter</er>.]</ety> <def>To struggle or contend, as with an

opposing force; to fight.</def>



<q>To <qex>combat</qex> with a blind man I disdain.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>After the fall of the republic, the Romans <qex>combated</qex>

only for the choice of masters.</q>

<qau>Gibbon.</qau>



<hw>Com"bat</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To fight with; to oppose

by force, argument, etc.; to contend against; to resist.</def>



<q>When he the ambitious Norway <qex>combated</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>And <qex>combated</qex> in silence all these reasons.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>Minds <qex>combat</qex> minds, repelling and repelled.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To fight against; resist; oppose; withstand; oppugn;

antagonize; repel; resent.</syn>



<hw>Com"bat</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>combat</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A fight; a contest of

violence; a struggle for supremacy.</def>



<q>My courage try by <qex>combat</qex>, if thou dar'st.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>The noble <qex>combat</qex> that 'twixt joy and sorrow was

fought in Paulina.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>An engagement of no great

magnitude; or one in which the parties engaged are not

armies.</def>



<cs><col>Single combat</col>, <cd>one in which a single combatant

meets a single opponent, as in the case of David and Goliath;

also a duel.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- A battle; engagement; conflict; contest; contention;

struggle; fight, strife. See <er>Battle</er>,

<er>Contest</er>.</syn>



<hw>Com"bat*a*ble</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>combattable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Such as can be,

or is liable to be, combated; <as>as, <ex>combatable</ex> foes,

evils, or arguments</as>.</def>



<hw>Com"bat*ant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>combattant</ets>, p. pr.]</ety> <def>Contending; disposed to

contend.</def>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Com"bat*ant</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>combattant</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who engages in

combat.</def> \'bdThe mighty <xex>combatants</xex>.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<q>A controversy which long survived the original

<qex>combatants</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay</qau>



<hw>Com"bat*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

combats.</def>



<au>Sherwood.</au>



<hw>Com"bat*ive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <pos>or</pos> <def>(<?/), a.

Disposed to engage in combat; pugnacious.</def>



<hw>Com"bat*ive*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

quality of being combative; propensity to contend or to

quarrel.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Phren.)</fld> <def>A cranial development

supposed to indicate a combative disposition.</def>



<hw>\'d8Com`bat`tant"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>In the position of

fighting; -- said of two lions set face to face, each

rampant.</def>



<hw>Comb"broach`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A tooth of

a wool comb.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>combrouch</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Combe</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Comb</er>.</def>



<hw>Comb"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

who combs; one whose occupation it is to comb wool, flax, etc.

Also, a machine for combing wool, flax, etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A long, curling wave.</def>



<hw>Com"ber</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

cumber.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Com"ber</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Encumbrance.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Com"ber</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The cabrilla. Also, a name applied to

a species of wrasse.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Com*bin"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>combinable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of combinding;

consistent with.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>M. Arnold.</au>



-- <wordforms><wf>Com*bin"a*ble*ness</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Com"bi*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>combinatus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <def>United; joined;

betrothed.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<-- p. 282 -->



<hw>Com`bi*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>combinatio</ets>. See <er>Combine</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act or process of combining or uniting persons and

things.</def>



<q>Making new compounds by new <qex>combinations</qex>.</q>

<qau>Boyle.</qau>



<q>A solemn <qex>combination</qex> shall be made

Of our dear souls.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The result of combining or uniting; union of

persons or things; esp. a union or alliance of persons or states

to effect some purpose; -- usually in a bad sense.</def>



<q>A <qex>combination</qex> of the most powerful men in Rome who

had conspired my ruin.</q>

<qau>Melmoth.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The act or process of uniting

by chemical affinity, by which substances unite with each other

in definite proportions by weight to form distinct

compounds.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The

different arrangements of a number of objects, as letters, into

groups.</def>



<note><hand/ In <xex>combinations</xex> no regard is paid to the

order in which the objects are arranged in each group, while in

<xex>variations</xex> and <xex>permutations</xex> this order is

respected.</note>



<au>Brande & C.</au>



<cs><col>Combination car</col>, <cd>a railroad car containing two

or more compartments used for different purposes.</cd> <mark>[U.

S.]</mark> -- <col>Combination lock</col>, <cd>a lock in which

the mechanism is controlled by means of a movable dial (sometimes

by several dials or rings) inscribed with letters or other

characters. The bolt of the lock can not be operated until after

the dial has been so turned as to combine the characters in a

certain order or succession.</cd> -- <col>Combination room</col>,

<cd>in the University of Cambridge, Eng., a room into which the

fellows withdraw after dinner, for wine, dessert, and

conversation.</cd> -- <col>Combination by volume</col>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>the act, process, or ratio by which

gaseous elements and compounds unite in definite proportions by

volume to form distinct compounds.</cd> -- <col>Combination by

weight</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>the act, process, or ratio,

in which substances unite in proportions by weight, relatively

fixed and exact, to form distinct compounds. See <cref>Law of

definite proportions</cref>, under <er>Definite</er>.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Cabal; alliance; association; league; union;

confederacy; coalition; conspiracy. See <er>Cabal</er>.</syn>



<hw>Com*bine"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Combined</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Combining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL. <ets>combinare</ets>,

<ets>combinatum</ets>; L. <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>binus</ets>, pl.

<ets>bini</ets>, two and two, double: cf. F. <ets>combiner</ets>.

See <er>Binary</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To unite or join; to

link closely together; to bring into harmonious union; to cause

or unite so as to form a homogeneous, as by chemical union.</def>



<q>So fitly them in pairs thou hast <qex>combined</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>Friendship is the which really <qex>combines</qex>

mankind.</q>

<qau>Dr. H. More.</qau>



<q>And all <qex>combined</qex>, save what thou must

<qex>combine</qex>

By holy marriage.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Earthly sounds, though sweet and well <qex>combined</qex>.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To bind; to hold by a moral tie.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>I am <qex>combined</qex> by a sacred vow.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Com*bine"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To form a

union; to agree; to coalesce; to confederate.</def>



<q>You with your foes <qex>combine</qex>,

And seem your own destruction to design</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>So sweet did harp and voice <qex>combine</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To unite by affinity or natural attraction;

<as>as, two substances, which will not <ex>combine</ex> of

themselves, may be made to <ex>combine</ex> by the intervention

of a third</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld> <def>In the game of casino,

to play a card which will take two or more cards whose aggregate

number of pips equals those of the card played.</def>



<cs><col>Combining weight</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>that

proportional weight, usually referred to hydrogen as a standard,

and for each element fixed and exact, by which an element unites

with another to form a distinct compound. The combining weights

either are identical with, or are multiples or multiples of, the

atomic weight. See <cref>Atomic weight</cref>, under

<er>Atomic</er>, <pos>a.</pos></cd></cs>



<hw>Com*bined"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>United

closely; confederated; chemically united.</def>



<hw>Com*bin"ed*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv. In combination or

co\'94peration</pos><def>; <xex>jointly</xex>.</def>



<hw>Com*bin"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, combines.</def>



<hw>Comb"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act or process of using a comb or a number of combs;

<as>as, the <ex>combing</ex> of one's hair; the <ex>combing</ex>

of wool.</as></def>



<note><hand/ The process of <xex>combing</xex> is used in

straightening wool of long staple; short wool is

<xex>carded</xex>.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>That which is

caught or collected with a comb, as loose, tangled hair.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Hair arranged to be worn on the head.</def>



<q>The baldness, thinness, and . . . deformity of their hair is

supplied by borders and <qex>combings</qex>.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See <er>Coamings</er>.</def>



<cs><col>Combing machine</col> <fld>(Textile Manuf.)</fld>, <cd>a

machine for combing wool, flax, cotton, etc., and separating the

longer and more valuable fiber from the shorter. See also

<xex>Carding machine<xex>, under <er>Carding</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Comb"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without a comb or crest;

<as>as, a <ex>combless</ex> ceck</as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Com`bo*lo"io</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

Mohammedan rosary, consisting of ninety-nine beads.</def>



<au>Byron.</au>



<hw>Comb"-shaped`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pectinate.</def>



<hw>Com*bust"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>combustus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>comburere</ets> to burn up;

<ets>com-</ets> + <ets>burere</ets> (only in comp.), of uncertian

origin; cf. <ets>bustum</ets> fineral pyre, <ets>prurire</ets> to

itch, <ets>pruna</ets> a live coal, Gr. <?/ firebrand, Skr.

<ets>plush</ets> to burn.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Burnt;

consumed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>So near the sun as to be

obscured or eclipsed by his light, as the moon or planets when

not more than eight degrees and a half from the sun.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Planets that are oft <qex>combust</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Com*bus`ti*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality of being combustible.</def>



<hw>Com*bus"ti*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>combustble</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Capable of taking

fire and burning; apt to catch fire; inflammable.</def>



<q>Sin is to the soul like fire to <qex>combustible</qex>

matter.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Ea<?/ily kindled or excited; quick; fiery;

irascible.</def>



<q>Arnold was a <qex>combustible</qex> character.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<hw>Com*bus"ti*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

substance that may bee set on fire, or which is liable to take

fire and burn.</def>



<q>All such <qex>combustibles</qex> as are cheap enough for

common use go under the name of fuel.</q>

<qau>Ure.</qau>



<hw>Com*bus"ti*ble*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Combustibility.</def>



<hw>Com*bus"tion</hw> <pr>(?; 106)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>combustio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>combustion</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The state of burning.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The combination of a

combustible with a supporter of combustion, producing heat, and

sometimes both light and heat.</def>



<q><qex>Combustion</qex> results is common cases from the mutual

chemical action and reaction of the combustible and the oxygen of

the atmosphere, whereby a new compound is formed.</q>

<qau>Ure.</qau>



<cs><col>Supporter of combustion</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a

gas as oxygen, the combination of which with a combustible, as

coal, constitutes combustion.</cd></cs>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Violent agitation; confusion; tumult.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>There [were] great <qex>combustions</qex> and divisions among

the heads of the university.</q>

<qau>Mede.</qau>



<q>But say from whence this new <qex>combustion</qex>

springs.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Com*bus"tious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Inflammable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Come</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Came</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.

p.</pos> <er>Come</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Coming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>cumen</ets>,

<ets>comen</ets>, AS. <ets>cuman</ets>; akin to

OS.<ets>kuman</ets>, D. <ets>komen</ets>, OHG. <ets>queman</ets>,

G. <ets>kommen</ets>, Icel. <ets>koma</ets>, Sw.

<ets>komma</ets>, Dan. <ets>komme</ets>, Goth. <ets>giman</ets>,

L. <ets>venire</ets> (<ets>gvenire</ets>), Gr. <?/ to go, Skr.

<ets>gam</ets>. \'fb23. Cf. <er>Base</er>, <pos>n.</pos>,

<er>Convene</er>, <er>Adventure</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

move hitherward; to draw near; to approach the speaker, or some

place or person indicated; -- opposed to <xex>go</xex>.</def>



<q>Look, who <qex>comes</qex> yonder?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>I did not <qex>come</qex> to curse thee.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To complete a movement toward a place; to

arrive.</def>



<q>When we <qex>came</qex> to Rome.</q>

<qau>Acts xxviii. 16.</qau>



<q>Lately <qex>come</qex> from Italy.</q>

<qau>Acts vviii. 2.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To approach or arrive, as if by a journey or

form a distance.</def> \'bdThy kingdom <xex>come</xex>.\'b8



<au>Matt. vi. 10.</au>



<q>The hour is <qex>comming</qex>, and now is.</q>

<qau>John. v. 25.</qau>



<q>So quik bright things <qex>come</qex> to confusion.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To approach or arrive, as the result of a cause,

or of the act of another.</def>



<q>From whence <qex>come</qex> wars?</q>

<qau>James iv. 1.</qau>



<q>Both riches and honor <qex>come</qex> of thee!</q>

<qau>Chron. xxix. 12.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To arrive in sight; to be manifest; to appear.



<q>Then butter does refuse to <qex>come</qex>.</q>

<qau>Hudibras.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To get to be, as the result of change or

progress; -- with a predicate; <as>as, to <ex>come</ex>

united</as>.</def>



<q>How <qex>come</qex> you thus estranged?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>How <qex>come</qex> her eyes so bright?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<note><hand/ <xex>Am come</xex>, <xex>is come</xex>, etc., are

frequently used instead of <xex>have come</xex>, <xex>has

come</xex>, etc., esp. in poetry. The verb <xex>to be</xex> gives

adjectival significance to the participle as expressing a state

or condition of the subject, while the auxiliary <xex>have</xex>

expresses simply the completion of the action signified by the

verb.</note>



<q>Think not that I <qex>am come</qex> to destroy.</q>

<qau>Matt. v. 17.</qau>



<q>We <qex>are come</qex> off like Romans.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>The melancholy days <qex>are come</qex>, the saddest of the

year.</q>

<qau>Bryant.</qau>



<note><xex>Come</xex> may properly be used (instead of

<xex>go</xex>) in speaking of a movement hence, or away, when

there is reference to an approach to the person addressed; as, I

shall <xex>come</xex> home next week; he will <xex>come</xex> to

your house to-day. It is used with other verbs almost as an

auxiliary, indicative of approach to the action or state

expressed by the verb; as, how <xex>came</xex> you to do it?

<xex>Come</xex> is used colloquially, with reference to a

definite future time approaching, without an auxilliary; as, it

will be two years, <xex>come</xex> next Christmas; <it>i.

e.</it>, when Christmas shall come.



<q>They were cried

In meeting, <qex>come</qex> next Sunday.</q>

<qau>Lowell.</qau>



<xex>Come</xex>, in the imperative, is used to excite attention,

or to invite to motion or joint action; <xex>come</xex>, let us

go. \'bdThis is the heir; <xex>come</xex>, let us kill him.\'b8

<au>Matt. xxi. 38.</au>  When repeated, it sometimes expresses

haste, or impatience, and sometimes rebuke. \'bd<xex>Come</xex>,

<xex>come</xex>, no time for lamentation now.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au></note>



<cs><col>To come</col>, <cd>yet to arrive, future. \'bdIn times

<xex>to come<xex>.\'b8</cd> <au>Dryden.</au> \'bdThere's pippins

and cheese <xex>to come</xex>.\'b8 <au>Shak.</au> -- <col>To come

about</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To come to pass; to arrive; to

happen; to result; as, how did these things <xex>come

about</xex>?</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To change; to come round; as,

the ship <xex>comes about</xex>.</cd> \'bdThe wind is <xex>come

about</xex>.\'b8 <au>Shak.</au>



<q>On better thoughts, and my urged reasons,

They are <qex>come about</qex>, and won to the true side.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



-- <col>To come abroad</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To move or be away

from one's home or country.</cd> \'bdAm <xex>come abroad</xex> to

see the world.\'b8 <au>Shak.</au> <sd>(b)</sd> To become public

or known. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdNeither was anything kept

secret, but that it should <xex>come abroad</xex>.\'b8 <au>Mark.

iv. 22.</au> -- <col>To come across</col>, <cd>to meet; to find,

esp. by chance or suddenly. \'bdWe <xex>come across</xex> more

than one incidental mention of those wars.\'b8 <au>E. A.

Freeman.</au> \'bdWagner's was certainly one of the strongest and

most independent natures I ever <xex>came across</xex>.\'b8

<au>H. R. Heweis.</au> -- <col>To come after</col>. <sd>(a)</sd>

<cd>To follow.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To come to take or to

obtain; as, to <xex>come after</xex> a book.</cd> -- <col>To come

again</col>, <cd>to return</cd>. \'bdHis spirit <xex>came

again</xex> and he revived.\'b8 <au>Judges. xv. 19.</au>



-- <col>To come and go</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To appear and

disappear; to change; to alternate.</cd> \'bdThe color of the

king doth <xex>come and go</xex>.\'b8 <au>Shak.</au> <sd>(b)</sd>

<fld>(Mech.)</fld> <cd>To play backward and forward.</cd> --

<col>To come at</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To reach; to arrive

within reach of; to gain; as, to <xex>come at</xex> a true

knowledge of ourselves.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To come toward; to

attack; as, he <xex>came at</xex> me with fury.</cd> -- <col>To

come away</col>, <cd>to part or depart</cd>. -- <col>To come

between</col>, <cd>to interverne; to separate; hence, to cause

estrangement</cd>. -- <col>To come by</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To

obtain, gain, acquire.</cd> \'bdExamine how you <xex>came

by</xex> all your state.\'b8 <au>Dryden.</au> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To

pass near or by way of.</cd> -- <col>To come down</col>.

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To descend.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To be

humbled.</cd> -- <col>To come down upon</col>, <cd>to call to

account, to reprimand.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<au>Dickens.</au> -- <col>To come home</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To

retuen to one's house or family.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To come

close; to press closely; to touch the feelings, interest, or

reason.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> (<xex>Naut</xex>.) <cd>To be loosened

from the ground; -- said of an anchor.</cd> -- <col>To come

in</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To enter, as a town, house, etc.</cd>

\'bdThe thief <xex>cometh in</xex>.\'b8 <au>Hos. vii. 1.</au>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To arrive; as, when my ship <xex>comes

in</xex>.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To assume official station or

duties; as, when Lincoln <xex>came in</xex>.</cd> <sd>(d)</sd> To

comply; to yield; to surrender. \'bdWe need not fear his

<xex>coming in</xex>\'b8 <au>Massinger.</au> <sd>(e)</sd> <cd>To

be brought into use.</cd> \'bdSilken garments did not <xex>come

in</xex> till late.\'b8 <au>Arbuthnot.</au> <sd>(f)</sd> <cd>To

be added or inserted; to be or become a part of.</cd>

<sd>(g)</sd> <cd>To accrue as gain from any business or

investment.</cd> <sd>(h)</sd> <cd>To mature and yield a harvest;

<as>as, the crops <ex>come in</ex> well</as>.</cd> <sd>(i)</sd>

<cd>To have sexual intercourse; -- with <xex>to</xex> or

<xex>unto</xex>.</cd> <au>Gen. xxxviii. 16.</au> <sd>(j)</sd>

<cd>To have young; to bring forth; <as>as, the cow will <ex>come

in</ex> next May</as>.</cd> <mark>[U. S.]</mark> -- <col>To come

in for</col>, <cd>to claim or receive.</cd> \'bdThe rest

<xex>came in for</xex> subsidies.\'b8 <au>Swift.</au> -- <col>To

come into</col>, <cd>to join with; to take part in; to agree to;

to comply with; <as>as, to <ex>come into</ex> a party or

scheme</as></cd>. -- <col>To come it ever</col>, <cd>to hoodwink;

to get the advantage of</cd>. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> --

<mcol><col>To come near</col> <it>or</it> <col>nigh</col></mcol>,

<cd>to approach in place or quality to be equal to.</cd>

\'bdNothing ancient or modern seems to <xex>come near</xex>

it.\'b8 <au>Sir W. Temple.</au> -- <col>To come of</col>.

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To descend or spring from.</cd>

\'bd<xex>Of</xex> Priam's royal race my mother

<xex>came</xex>.\'b8 <au>Dryden.</au> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To result

or follow from.</cd> \'bdThis <xex>comes of</xex> judging by the

eye.\'b8 <au>L'Estrange.</au> -- <col>To come off</col>.

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To depart or pass off from.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd>

<cd>To get free; to get away; to escape.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To

be carried through; to pass off; as, it <xex>came off</xex>

well.</cd> <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To acquit one's self; to issue from

(a contest, etc.); as, he <xex>came off</xex> with honor; hence,

substantively, a <xex>come off</xex>, an escape; an excuse; an

evasion.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> <sd>(e)</sd> <cd>To pay

over; to give.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(f)</sd> <cd>To take

place; to happen; <as>as, when does the race <ex>come

off</ex>?</as></cd> <sd>(g)</sd> <cd>To be or become after some

delay; <as>as, the weather <ex>came off</ex> very fine</as>.</cd>

<sd>(h)</sd> <cd>To slip off or be taken off, as a garment; to

separate.</cd> <sd>(i)</sd> <cd>To hurry away; to get

through.</cd> <au>Chaucer.</au> -- <col>To come off by</col>,

<cd>to suffer</cd>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bd<xex>To come off

by</xex> the worst.\'b8 <au>Calamy.</au> -- <col>To come off

from</col>, <cd>to leave.</cd> \'bd<xex>To come off from</xex>

these grave disquisitions.\'b8 <au>Felton.</au> -- <col>To come

on</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To advance; to make progress; to

thrive.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To move forward; to approach; to

supervene.</cd> -- <col>To come out</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To

pass out or depart, as from a country, room, company, etc.</cd>

\'bdThey shall <xex>come out</xex> with great substance.\'b8

<au>Gen. xv. 14.</au> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To become public; to

appear; to be published.</cd> \'bdIt is indeed <xex>come

out</xex> at last.\'b8 <au>Bp. Stillingfleet.</au> <sd>(c)</sd>

<cd>To end; to result; to turn out; <as>as, how will this affair

<ex>come out</ex>? he has <ex>come out</ex> well at

last</as>.</cd> <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To be introduced into society;

<as>as, she <ex>came out</ex> two seasons ago</as>.</cd>

<sd>(e)</sd> <cd>To appear; to show itself; <as>as, the sun

<ex>came out</ex></as>.</cd> <sd>(f)</sd> <cd>To take sides; to

take a stand; as, he <xex>came out</xex> against the

tariff.</cd><-- <sd>(g)</sd> <cd>To publicly admit oneself to be

homosexual.</cd> --> -- <col>To come out with</col>, <cd>to give

publicity to; to disclose.</cd> -- <col>To come over</col>.

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To pass from one side or place to another.</cd>

\'bdPerpetually teasing their friends to <xex>come over</xex> to

them.\'b8 <au>Addison.</au> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To rise and pass

over, in distillation.</cd> -- <col>To come over to</col>, <cd>to

join.</cd> -- <col>To come round</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To recur

in regular course.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To recover.</cd>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To change, as the

wind.</cd> <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To relent.</cd> <au>J. H.

Newman.</au> <sd>(e)</sd> <cd>To circumvent; to wheedle.</cd>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To come short</col>, <cd>to be

deficient; to fail of attaining.</cd> \'bdAll have sinned and

<xex>come short</xex> of the glory of God.\'b8 <au>Rom. iii.

23.</au> -- <col>To come to</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To consent or

yield.</cd> <au>Swift.</au> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> (with

the accent on <xex>to</xex>) <cd>To luff; to brin the ship's head

nearer the wind; to anchor.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> (with the accent on

<xex>to</xex>) <cd>To recover, as from a swoon.</cd> <sd>(d)</sd>

<cd>To arrive at; to reach.</cd> <sd>(e)</sd> <cd>To amount to;

<as>as, the taxes <ex>come to</ex> a large sum</as>.</cd>

<sd>(f)</sd> <cd>To fall to; to be received by, as an

inheritance.</cd> <au>Shak.</au> -- <col>To come to blows</col>.

<cd>See under <er>Blow</er>.</cd> -- <col>To come to grief</col>.

<cd>See under <er>Grief</er>.</cd> -- <col>To come to a

head</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To suppurate, as a boil.</cd>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To mature; to culminate; as a plot.</cd> --

<col>To come to one's self</col>, <cd>to recover one's

senses.</cd> -- <col>To come to pass</col>, <cd>to happen; to

fall out.</cd> -- <col>To come to the scratch</col>. <sd>(a)</sd>

<fld>(Prize Fighting)</fld> <cd>To step up to the scratch or mark

made in the ring to be toed by the combatants in beginning a

contest; hence: <sd>(b)</sd> To meet an antagonist or a

difficulty bravely.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To come

to time</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Prize Fighting)</fld> <cd>To

come forward in order to resume the contest when the interval

allowed for rest is over and \'bdtime\'b8 is called;</cd> hence:

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To keep an appointment; to meet

expectations.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To come

together</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To meet for business, worship,

etc.; to assemble.</cd> <au>Acts i. 6.</au> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To

live together as man and wife.</cd> <au>Matt. i. 18.</au> --

<col>To come true</col>, <cd>to happen as predicated or

expected.</cd> -- <col>To come under</col>, <cd>to belong to, as

an individual to a class.</cd> -- <col>To come up</col>

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>to ascend; to rise.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To be

brought up; to arise, as a question.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To

spring; to shoot or rise above the earth, as a plant.</cd>

<sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To come into use, as a fashion.</cd> -- <col>To

come up the capstan</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to turn it the

contrary way, so as to slacken the rope about it.</cd> -- <col>To

come up the tackle fall</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to slacken

the tackle gently.</cd> <au>Totten.</au> -- <col>To come up

to</col>, <cd>to rise to; to equal.</cd> -- <col>To come up

with</col>, <cd>to overtake or reach by pursuit.</cd> -- <col>To

come upon</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To befall.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd>

<cd>To attack or invade.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To have a claim

upon; to become dependent upon for support; <as>as, <ex>to come

upon</ex> the town</as>.</cd> <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To light or chance

upon; to find; <as>as, to <ex>come upon</ex> hid

treasure</as>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Come</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To carry

through; to succeed in; <as>as, you can't <ex>come</ex> any

tricks here</as>.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>



<cs><col>To come it</col>, <cd>to succeed in a trick of any sort.

<mark>[Slang]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Come</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Coming.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Co-med"dle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To mix;

to mingle, to temper.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Co*me"di*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>com\'82dien</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An actor or

player in comedy.</def> \'bdThe famous <xex>comedian</xex>,

Roscius.\'b8



<au>Middleton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A writer of comedy.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>\'d8Co*m\'82`di*enne"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F., fem. of <ets>com<?/dien</ets>.]</ety> <def>A women who

plays in comedy.</def>



<hw>\'d8Co*me`di*et"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[It.]</ety> <def>A dramatic sketch; a brief comedy.</def>



<hw>\'d8Com"e*do</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Comedones</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L., a glutton. See

<er>Comestible</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A small nodule

or cystic tumor, common on the nose, etc., which on pressure

allows the escape of a yellow wormlike mass of retained oily

secretion, with a black head (dirt).</def>



<hw>Come"down`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A downfall;

an humillation.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Com"e*dy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Comedies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[F.

<ets>com\'82die</ets>, L. <ets>comoedia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ a

jovial festivity with music and dancing, a festal procession an

ode sung at this procession (perh. akin to <?/ village, E.

<ets>home</ets>) + <?/ to sing; for comedy was originally of a

lyric character. See <er>Home</er>, and <er>Ode</er>.]</ety>

<def>A dramatic composition, or representation of a bright and

amusing character, based upon the foibles of individuals, the

manners of society, or the ludicrous events or accidents of life;

a play in which mirth predominates and the termination of the

plot is happy; -- opposed to <xex>tragedy</xex>.</def>



<q>With all the vivacity if <qex>comedy</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<q>Are come to play a pleasant <qex>comedy</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Come"li*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

suitable or becoming manner.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Sherwood.</au>



<-- p. 283 -->



<hw>Come"li*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Comely</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being

comely.</def>



<q><qex>Comeliness</qex> is a disposing fair

Of things and actions in fit time and place.</q>

<qau>Sir J. Davies.</qau>



<q>Strength, <qex>comeliness</qex> of shape, or amplest

merit.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q><qex>Comeliness</qex> signifies something less forcible than

beauty, less elegant than grace, and less light than

prettiness.</q>

<qau>Johnson.</qau>



<hw>Come"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Comelier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Comeliest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>comeliche</ets>, AS. <ets>cyml\'c6c</ets>; <ets>cyme</ets>

suitable (fr. <ets>cuman</ets> to come, become) +

<ets>l\'c6c</ets> like.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Pleasing or

agreeable to the sight; well-proportioned; good-looking;

handsome.</def>



<q>He that is <qex>comely</qex> when old and decrepit, surely was

very beautiful when he was young.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<q>Not once perceive their foul disfigurement

But boast themselves more <qex>comely</qex> than before.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Suitable or becoming; proper; agreeable.</def>



<q>This is a happier and more <qex>comely</qex> time

Than when these fellows ran about the streets,

Crying confusion.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>It is good to sing praises unto our God; for it is pleasant;

and praise is <qex>comely</qex>.</q>

<qau>Ps. cxlvii. 1.</qau>



<hw>Come"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a becoming

manner.</def>



<au>Ascham.</au>



<hw>Come-out"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

comes out or withdraws from a religious or other organization; a

radical reformer.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark>



<hw>Com"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who comes,

or who has come; one who has arrived, and is present.</def>



<cs><col>All comers</col>, <cd>all who come, or offer, to take

part in a matter, especially in a contest or controversy. \'bdTo

prove it against <xex>all comers<xex>.\'b8</cd></cs>



<au>Bp. Stillingfleet.</au>



<hw>\'d8Co"mes</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a

companion.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The answer to the theme

(<it>dux</it>) in a fugue.</def>



<hw>Com`es*sa"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>comissatio</ets>, <ets>comessatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

reveling; a rioting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<hw>Co*mes"ti*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>comestible</ets>, fr. L. <ets>comesus</ets>,

<ets>comestus</ets>, p. p. pf <ets>comedere</ets> to eat;

<ets>com-</ets> + <ets>edere</ets> to eat.]</ety> <def>Suitable

to be eaten; eatable; esculent.</def>



<q>Some herbs are most <qex>comestible</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir T. Elyot.</qau>



<hw>Co*mes"ti*ble</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Something suitable to

be eaten; -- commonly in the plural.</def>



<au>Thackeray.</au>



<hw>Com"et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cometes</ets>, <ets>cometa</ets>, from Gr.  <?/ comet, prop.

long-haired, fr. <?/ to wear long hair, fr. <?/ hair, akin to L.

<ets>coma</ets>: cf. F. <ets>com\'8ate</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A member of the solar system which

usually moves in an elongated orbit, approaching very near to the

sun in its perihelion, and receding to a very great distance from

it at its aphelion. A comet commonly consists of three parts: the

nucleus, the envelope, or coma, and the tail; but one or more of

these parts is frequently wanting. See <xex>Illustration</xex> in

Appendix.</def>



<hw>\'d8Com`e*ta"ri*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>An instrument,

intended to represent the revolution of a comet round the

sun.</def>



<au>Hutton.</au>



<hw>Com"et*a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>com\'82taire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or

resembling, a comet.</def>



<au>Cheyne.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Com"et-find`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <or/

<hw>Com"et-seek`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A telescope of low power, having a

large field of view, used for finding comets.</def>



<hw>Co*met"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Relating to a

comet.</def>



<hw>Com`et*og"ra*pher</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

who describes or writes about comets.</def>



<hw>Com`et*og"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Comet</ets> + <ets>-graphy</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>com\'82tographie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A description of, or a

treatise concerning, comets.</def>



<hw>Com`et*ol"l*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Comet</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The

department of astronomy relating to comets.</def>



<hw>Com"fit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>confit</ets>, prop. a p. p., fr. <ets>confire</ets> to

preserve, pickle, fr. L. <ets>conficere</ets> to prepare;

<ets>con-</ets> + <ets>facere</ets> to make. See <er>Fact</er>,

and cf. <er>Confect</er>.]</ety> <def>A dry sweetmeat; any kind

of fruit, root, or seed preserved with sugar and dried; a

confection.</def>



<hw>Com"fit</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To preserve dry with

sugar.</def>



<q>The fruit which does so quickly waste, . . . 

Thou <qex>comfitest</qex> in sweets to make it last.</q>

<qau>Cowley.</qau>



<hw>Com"fi*ture</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>confiture</ets>; cf. LL. <ets>confecturae</ets> sweetmeats,

<ets>confectura</ets> a preparing. See <er>Comfit</er>, and cf.

<er>Confiture</er>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Comfit</er>,

<pos>n.</pos></def>



<hw>Com"fort</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Comforted</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Comforting.</er>]</wordforms> <ety>[F.

<ets>conforter</ets>, fr. L. <ets>confortare</ets> to strengthen

much; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>fortis</ets> strong. See

<er>Fort</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make strong; to

invigorate; to fortify; to corroborate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Wyclif.</au>



<q>God's own testimony . . . doth not a little <qex>comfort</qex>

and confirm the same.</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To assist or help; to aid.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>I . . . can not help the noble chevalier:

God <qex>comfort</qex> him in this necessity!</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To impart strength and hope to; to encourage; to

relieve; to console; to cheer,</def>



<q>Light excelleth in <qex>comforting</qex> the spirits of

men.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<q>That we may be adle to <qex>comfort</qex> them that are in any

affliction.</q>

<qau>2 Cor. i. 4. (Rev. Ver. ).</qau>



<q>A perfect woman, nobly planned,

To warn, to <qex>comfort</qex>, and command.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To cheer; solace; console; revive; encourage;

enliven; invigorate; inspirit, gladden; recreate; exhilarate;

refresh; animate; confirm; strengthen.</syn> <usage> -- <er>To

Comfort</er>, <er>Console</er>, <er>Solace</er>. These verbs all

suppose some antecedent state of suffering or sorrow.

<xex>Console</xex> in confined to the act giving sympathetic

relief to the mind under affliction or sorrow, and points to some

definite source of that relief; as, the presence of his friend

<xex>consoled</xex> him; he was much <xex>consoled</xex> by this

intelligence. The act of consoling commonly implies the

inculcation of resignation. <xex>Comfort</xex> points to relief

afforded by the communication of positive pleasure, hope, and

strength, as well as by the diminution of pain; as, \'bdThey

brought the young man alive, and were not a little

<xex>comforted</xex>.\'b8</usage>



<au>Acts xx. 12.</au>



<note><xex>Solace</xex> is from L. <xex>solacium</xex>, which

means according to Dumesnil, consolation inwardly felt or applied

to the case of the sufferer. Hence, the verb <xex>to solace</xex>

denotes the using of things for the purpose of affording relief

under sorrow or suffering; as, <xex>to solace</xex> one's self

with reflections, with books, or with active employments.</note>



<hw>Com"fort</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>confort</ets>, fr. <ets>conforter</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Assistance; relief; support.</def> <mark>[Obs. except in the

phrase \'bdaid and <xex>comfort</xex>.\'b8 See 5 below.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Encouragement; solace; consolation in trouble;

also, that which affords consolation.</def>



<q>In <qex>comfort</qex> of her mother's fears.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Cheer thy spirit with this <qex>comfort</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Speaking words of endearment where words of <qex>comfort</qex>

availed not.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A state of quiet enjoyment; freedom from pain,

want, or anxiety; also, whatever contributes to such a

condition.</def>



<q>I had much joy and <qex>comfort</qex> in thy love.</q>

<qau>Phil. 7 (Rev. Ver. ).</qau>



<q>He had the means of living in <qex>comfort</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A wadded bedquilt; a comfortable.</def>

<mark>[U. S.]</mark>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Unlawful support, countenance,

or encouragement; <as>as, to give aid and <ex>comfort</ex> to the

enemy</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Comfort</er>, <er>Consolation</er>.</syn>

<usage> <xex>Comfort</xex> has two meanings: <sn>1.</sn> Strength

and relief received under affliction; <sn>2.</sn> Positive

enjoyment, of a quiet, permanent nature, together with the

sources thereof; as, the <xex>comfort</xex> of love; surrounded

with <xex>comforts</xex>; but it is with the former only that the

word <xex>consolation</xex> is brought into comparison. As thus

compared, <xex>consolation</xex> points to some specific source

of relief for the afflicted mind; as, the <xex>consolations</xex>

of religion. <xex>Comfort</xex> supposes the relief to be

afforded by imparting positive enjoyment, as well as a diminution

of pain. \'bd<xex>Consolation</xex>, or <xex>comfort</xex>,

signifies some alleviation to that pain to which it is not in our

power to afford the proper and adequate remedy; they imply rather

an augmentation of the power of bearing, than a diminution of the

burden.\'b8</usage>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Com"fort*a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>confortable</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Strong; vigorous;

valiant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Wyclif.</au>



<q>Thy conceit is nearer death than thy powers. For my sake be

<qex>comfortable</qex>; hold death a while at the arm's end.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Serviceable; helpful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Be <qex>comfortable</qex> to my mother, your mistress, and

make much of her.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Affording or imparting comfort or consolation;

able to comfort; cheering; <as>as, a <ex>comfortable</ex>

hope</as>.</def> \'bdKind words and <xex>comfortable</xex>.\'b8



<au>Cowper.</au>



<q>A <qex>comfortable</qex> provision made for their

subsistence.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>In a condition of comfort; having comforts; not

suffering or anxious; hence, contented; cheerful; <as>as, to lead

a <ex>comfortable</ex> life</as>.</def>



<q>My lord leans wondrously to discontent;

His <qex>comfortable</qex> temper has forsook him:

He is much out of health.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Free, or comparatively free, from pain or

distress; -- used of a sick person.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>



<hw>Com"fort*a*ble</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A stuffed or quilted

coverlet for a bed; a comforter; a comfort.</def> <mark>[U.

S.]</mark>



<hw>Com"fort*a*ble*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>State of being

comfortable or comforting manner.</def>



<q>Speak ye <qex>comfortably</qex> to Jerusalem.</q>

<qau>Is. xl. 2.</qau>



<hw>Com"fort*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who administers comfort or consolation.</def>



<q>Let no <qex>comforter</qex> delight mine ear

But such a one whose wrongs do suit with mine.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Script.)</fld> <def>The Holy Spirit, --

reffering to his office of comforting believers.</def>



<q>But the <qex>Comforter</qex>, which is the Holy Ghost, whom

the Father will send in my name, he shall teach you all

things.</q>

<qau>John xiv. 26.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A knit woolen tippet, long and narrow.</def>

<mark>[U. S.]</mark>



<q>The American schoolboy takes off his <qex>comforter</qex> and

unbuttons his jacket before going in for a snowball fight.</q>

<qau>Pop. Sci. Monthly.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A wadded bedquilt; a comfortable.</def>

<mark>[U. S.]</mark>



<cs><col>Job's comforter</col>, <cd>a boil.

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Com"fort*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without comfort or

comforts; in want or distress; cheerless.</def>



<q><qex>Comfortless</qex> through turanny or might.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Forlorn; desolate; cheerless; inconsolable;

disconsolate; wretched; miserable.</syn>



-- <wordforms><wf>Com"fort*less*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Com"fort*less*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<q>When all is coldly, <qex>comfortlessly</qex> costly.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Com"fort*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Act or

process of administering comfort.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The gentle <qex>comfortment</qex> and entertainment of the

said embassador.</q>

<qau>Hakluyt.</qau>



<hw>Com"fort*ress</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A woman

who comforts.</def>



<q>To be your <qex>comfortress</qex>, and to preserve you.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<hw>Com"frey</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. from F.

<ets>conferve</ets>, L. <ets>conferva</ets>, fr.

<ets>confervere</ets> to boil together, in medical language, to

heal, grow together. So called on account of its healing power,

for which reason it was also called <ets>consolida</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A rough, hairy, perennial plant of several

species, of the genus <spn>Symphytum</spn>.</def>



<note><hand/ A decoction of the mucilaginous root of the

\'bdcommon comfrey\'b8 (<spn>S. officinale</spn>) is used in

cough mixtures, etc.; and the gigantic \'bdprickly comfrey\'b8

(<spn>S. asperrimum</spn>) is somewhat cultivated as a forage

plant.</note>



<hw>Com"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>comicus</ets> pertaining to comedy, Gr. <?/: cf. F.

<ets>comique</ets>. See <er>Comedy</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Relating to comedy, as distinct from tragedy.</def>



<q>I can not for the stage a drama lay,

Tragic or <qex>comic</qex>, but thou writ'st the play.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Causing mirth; ludicrous.</def>

\'bd<xex>Comic</xex> shows.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Com"ic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A comedian.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Steele.</au>



<hw>Com"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Relating to comedy.</def>



<q>They deny it to be tragical because its catastrphe is a

wedding, which hath ever been accounted <qex>comical</qex>.</q>

<qau>Gay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Exciting mirth; droll; laughable; <as>as, a

<ex>comical</ex> story</as>.</def> \'bd<xex>Comical</xex>

adventures.\'b8



<au>Dryden.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Humorous; laughable; funny. See

<er>Droll</er>.</syn>



-- <wordforms><wf>Com"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Com"ic*al"ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Com`i*cal"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Comicalities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <def>The quality of

being comical; something comical.</def>



<hw>Com"ic*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The power of

exciting mirth; comicalness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>H. Giles.</au>



<hw>Com"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Approaching; of the future, especially the near future; the

next; <as>as, the <ex>coming</ex> week or year; the

<ex>coming</ex> exhibition.</as></def>



<q>Welcome the <qex>coming</qex>, speed the parting, guest.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<q>Your <qex>coming</qex> days and years.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Ready to come; complaisant; fond.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>Com"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Approach;

advent; manifestation; <as>as, the <ex>coming</ex> of the

train</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Specifically: The Second Advent of Christ.</def>



<cs><col>Coming in</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> <def>Entrance;

entrance way; manner of entering; beginning.</def> \'bdThe goings

out thereof, and the <xex>comings in<xex> thereof.\'b8</cd></cs>



<au>Ezek. xliii. 11</au>



<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Income or revenue.</def> \'bdWhat are thy

<xex>comings in</xex>?\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>\'d8Co*mi"ti*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>,

<plu>pl.</plu> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A

public assembly of the Roman people for electing officers or

passing laws.</def>



<note><hand/ There were three kinds of <xex>comitia</xex>:

<xex>comitia curiata</xex>, or assembly of the patricians, who

voted in curi\'91; <xex>comitia centuriata</xex>, or assembly of

the whole Roman people, who voted by centuries; and <xex>comitia

tributa</xex>, or assembly of the plebeians according to their

division into tribes.</note>



<hw>Co*mi"tial</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>comitialis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Relating to the comitia, or

popular assembles of the Romans for electing officers and passing

laws.</def>



<au>Middleton.</au>



<hw>Com"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Comities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L.

<ets>comitas</ets>, fr. <ets>comis</ets> courteous, kind.]</ety>

<def>Mildness and suavity of manners; courtesy between equals;

friendly equals; friendly civility; <as>as, <ex>comity</ex> of

manners; the <ex>comity</ex> of States.</as></def>



<cs><col>Comity of nations</col> <fld>(International Law)</fld>,

<cd>the courtesy by which nations recognize within their own

territory, or in their courts, the peculiar institutions of

another nation or the rights and privileges acquired by its

citizens in their own land. By some authorities private

international law rests on this comity, but the better opinion is

that it is part of the common law of the land, and hence is

obligatory as law.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Civility; good breeding; courtesy; good will.</syn>



<hw>Com"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>comma</ets> part of a sentence, comma, Gr. <?/ clause, fr.

<?/ to cut off. Cf. <er>Capon</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

character or point [,] marking the smallest divisions of a

sentence, written or printed.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A small interval (the

difference beyween a major and minor half step), seldom used

except by tuners.</def>



<cs><col>Comma bacillus</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>a

variety of bacillus shaped like a comma, found in the intestines

of patients suffering from cholera. It is considered by some as

having a special relation to the disease; -- called also

<altname>cholera bacillus</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Comma

butterfly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an American butterfly

(<spn>Grapta comma</spn>), having a white comma-shaped marking on

the under side of the wings.</cd></cs>



<hw>Com*mand"</hw> <pr>(?; 61)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Commanded</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Commanding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>comaunden</ets>, <ets>commanden</ets>, OF.

<ets>comander</ets>, F. <ets>commander</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>com-</ets> + <ets>mandare</ets> to commit to, to command.

Cf. <er>Commend</er>, <er>Mandate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To order with authority; to lay injunction upon; to direct;

to bid; to charge.</def>



<q>We are <qex>commanded</qex> to forgive our enemies, but you

never read that we are <qex>commanded</qex> to forgive our

friends.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<q>Go to your mistress:

Say, I <qex>command</qex> her come to me.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To exercise direct authority over; to have

control of; to have at one's disposal; to lead.</def>



<q>Monmouth <qex>commanded</qex> the English auxiliaries.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<q>Such aid as I can spare you shall <qex>command</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To have within a sphere of control, influence,

access, or vision; to dominate by position; to guard; to

overlook.</def>



<q>Bridges <qex>commanded</qex> by a fortified house.</q>

<qau>Motley.</qau>



<q>Up to the eastern tower,

Whose height <qex>commands</qex> as subject all the vale.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>One side <qex>commands</qex> a view of the finest garden.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To have power or influence of the nature of

authority over; to obtain as if by ordering; to reeceive as a

due; to challenge; to claim; <as>as, justice <ex>commands</ex>

the respect and affections of the people; the best goods

<ex>command</ex> the best price.</as></def>



<q>'Tis not in mortals to <qex>command</qex> success.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To direct to come; to bestow.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>I will <qex>command</qex> my blessing upon you.</q>

<qau>Lev. xxv. 21.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To bid; order; direct; dictate; charge; govern;

rule; overlook.</syn>



<hw>Com*mand"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To have or

to exercise direct authority; to govern; to sway; to influence;

to give an order or orders.</def>



<q>And reigned, <qex>commanding</qex> in his monarchy.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>For the king had so <qex>commanded</qex> concerning

[Haman].</q>

<qau>Esth. iii. 2.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To have a view, as from a superior

position.</def>



<q>Far and wide his eye <qex>commands</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Com*mand"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An

authoritative order requiring obedience; a mandate; an

injunction.</def>



<q>A waiting what <qex>command</qex> their mighty chief

Had to impose.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The possession or exercise of authority.</def>



<q><qex>Command</qex> and force may often create, but can never

cure, an aversion.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Authority; power or right of control;

leadership; <as>as, the forces under his

<ex>command</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Power to dominate, command, or overlook by means

of position; scope of vision; survey.</def>



<q>Te steepy stand

Which overlooks the vale with wide <qex>command</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Control; power over something; sway; influence;

<as>as, to have <ex>command</ex> over one's temper or voice; the

fort has <ex>command</ex> of the bridge.</as></def>



<q>He assumed an absolute <qex>command</qex> over his

readers.</q>

<qau>Druden.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A body of troops, or any naval or military force

or post, or the whole territory under the authority or control of

a particular officer.</def>



<-- p. 284 -->



<cs><col>Word of command</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a word or

phrase of definite and established meaning, used in directing the

movements of soldiers; as, <xex>aim<xex>; <xex>fire<xex>;

<xex>shoulder arms<xex>, etc.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Control; sway; power; authority; rule; dominion;

sovereignty; mandate; order; injunction; charge; behest. See

<er>Direction</er>.</syn>



<hw>Com*mand"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of being commanded.</def>



<hw>Com`man*dant"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,

orig. p. pr. of <ets>commander</ets>.]</ety> <def>A commander;

the commanding officer of a place, or of a body of men; <as>as,

the <ex>commandant</ex> of a navy-yard</as>.</def>



<hw>Com*mand"a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Mandatory; <as>as, <ex>commandatory</ex>

authority</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Com*mand"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>commandeur</ets>. Cf. <er>Commodore</er>,

<er>Commender</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A chief; one who has

supreme authority; a leader; the chief officer of an army, or of

any division of it.</def>



<q>A leader and <qex>commander</qex> to the people.</q>

<qau>Is. lv. 4.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Navy)</fld> <def>An officer who ranks next

below a captain, -- ranking with a lieutenant colonel in the

army.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The chief officer of a commandery.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A heavy beetle or wooden mallet, used in paving,

in sail lofts, etc.</def>



<cs><col>Commander in chief</col>, <cd>the military title of the

officer who has supreme command of the land or naval forces or

the united forces of a nation or state; a generalissimo. The

President is <xex>commander in chief<xex> of the army and navy of

the United States.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Chief</er>.</syn>



<hw>Com*mand"er*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The office of a

commander.</def>



<hw>Com*mand"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Commanderies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[F.

<ets>commanderie</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The office or

rank of a commander.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A district or a manor with lands and tenements

appertaining thereto, under the control of a member of an order

of knights who was called a <xex>commander</xex>; -- called also

a <altname>preceptory</altname>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An assembly or lodge of Knights Templars (so

called) among the Freemasons.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A district under the administration of a

military commander or governor.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Brougham.</au>



<hw>Com*mand"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Exercising

authority; actually in command; <as>as, a <ex>commanding</ex>

officer</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fitted to impress or control; <as>as, a

<ex>commanding</ex> look or presence</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Exalted; overlooking; having superior strategic

advantages; <as>as, a <ex>commanding</ex> position</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Authoritative; imperative; imperious.</syn>



<hw>Com*mand"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a commanding

manner.</def>



<hw>Com*mand"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>commandement</ets>, F. <ets>commandement</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>An order or injunction given by authority; a

command; a charge; a precept; a mandate.</def>



<q>A new <qex>commandment</qex> I give unto you, that ye love one

another.</q>

<qau>John xiii. 34.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Script.)</fld> <def>One of the ten laws or

precepts given by God to the Israelites at Mount Sinai.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The act of commanding; exercise of

authority.</def>



<q>And therefore put I on the countenance

Of stern <qex>commandment</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The offense of commanding or

inducing another to violate the law.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>The Commandments</col>, <col>The Ten

Commandments</col></mcol>, <cd>the Decalogue, or summary of God's

commands, given to Moses at Mount Sinai. (<au>Ex.

xx</au>.)</cd></cs>



<hw>Com*mand"ress</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A woman

invested with authority to command.</def>



<au>Hooker.</au>



<hw>Com*mand"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Commandery</er>.</def>



<hw>Com"mark`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Of.

<ets>comarque</ets>, or LL. <ets>commarca</ets>,

<ets>commarcha</ets>; <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>marcha</ets>,

boundary. See <er>March</er> a confine.]</ety> <def>The frontier

of a country; confines.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shelton.</au>



<hw>Com`ma*te"ri*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Consisting of the same material.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Com*mat"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>commaticus</ets>, Gr. <?/. See <er>Comma</er>.]</ety>

<def>Having short clauses or sentences; brief; concise.</def>



<hw>Com"ma*tism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Commatic</er>.]</ety> <def>Conciseness in writing.</def>



<au>Bp. Horsley.</au>



<hw>Com*meas"ur*a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Commensurable</er>.]</ety> <def>Having the same measure;

commensurate; proportional.</def>



<q>She being now removed by death, a <qex>commeasurable</qex>

grief took as full possession of him as joy had one.</q>

<qau>I. Walton.</qau>



<hw>Com*meas"ure</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To be

commensurate with; to equal.</def>



<au>Tennyson.</au>



<hw>Com*mem"o*ra"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>commemorabilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Worthy to be

commemorated.</def>



<hw>Com*mem"o*rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Commemorated</er>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Commemorating</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[L. <ets>commemoratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>commemorare</ets>

to remember; <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>memorare</ets> to mention,

fr. <ets>memor</ets> mindful. See <er>Memory</er>.]</ety> <def>To

call to remembrance by a special act or observance; to celebrate

with honor and solemnity; to honor, as a person or event, by some

act of respect of affection, intended to preserve the remembrance

of the person or event; <as>as, to <ex>commemorate</ex> the

sufferings and dying love of our Savior by the sacrament of the

Lord's Supper; to <ex>commemorate</ex> the Declaration of

Independence by the observance of the Fourth of July.</as></def>



<q>We are called upon to <qex>commemorate</qex> a revolution.</q>

<qau>Atterbury.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Celebrate</er>.</syn>



<hw>Com*mem`o*ra"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>commemoratio</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

commemorating; an observance or celebration designed to honor the

memory of some person or event.</def>



<q>This sacrament was designed to be a standing

<qex>commemoration</qex> of the death and passion of our

Lord.</q>

<qau>Abp. Tillotson.</qau>



<q>The commonwealth which . . . chooses the most flagrant act of

murderous regicide treason for a feast of eternal

<qex>commemoration</qex>.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Whatever serves the purpose of commemorating; a

memorial.</def>



<cs><col>Commemoration day</col>, <cd>at the University of

Oxford, Eng., an annual observance or ceremony in honor of the

benefactors of the University, at which time honorary degrees are

conferred.</cd></cs>



<hw>Com*mem"o*ra*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Tending or intended to commemorate.</def> \'bdA sacrifice

<xex>commemorative</xex> of Christ's offering up his body for

us.\'b8



<au>Hammond.</au>



<q>An inscription <qex>commemorative</qex> of his victory.</q>

<qau>Sir G. C. Lewis.</qau>



<hw>Com*mem"o*ra`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who commemorates.</def>



<hw>Com*mem"o*ra*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Serving to commemorate; commomerative.</def>



<au>Bp. Hooper.</au>



<hw>Com*mence"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Commenced</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Commencing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>commencer</ets>,

OF. <ets>commencier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>com-</ets> +

<ets>initiare</ets> to begin. See <er>Initiate</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To have a beginning or origin; to originate; to

start; to begin.</def>



<q>Here the anthem doth <qex>commence</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>His heaven <qex>commences</qex> ere the world be past.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To begin to be, or to act as.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>We <qex>commence</qex> judges ourselves.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To take a degree at a university.</def>

<mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<q>I question whether the formality of <qex>commencing</qex> was

used in that age.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<hw>Com*mence"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To enter upon; to

begin; to perform the first act of.</def>



<q>Many a wooer doth <qex>commence</qex> his suit.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<note><hand/ It is the practice of good writers to use the verbal

noun (instead of the infinitive with <xex>to</xex>) after

<xex>commence</xex>; as, he <xex>commenced studying</xex>, not he

<xex>commenced to study</xex>.</note>



<hw>Com*mence"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>comencement</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The first

existence of anything; act or fact of commencing; rise; origin;

beginnig; start.</def>



<q>The time of Henry VII . . . nearly coincides with the

<qex>commencement</qex> of what is termed \'bdmodern

history.\'b8</q>

<qau><?/allam.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The day when degrees are conferred by colleges

and universities upon students and others.</def>



<hw>Com*mend"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Commended</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Commending</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>commendare</ets>; <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>mandare</ets> to

intrust to one's charge, enjoin, command. Cf. <er>Command</er>,

<er>Mandate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To commit, intrust, or

give in charge for care or preservation.</def>



<q>His eye <qex>commends</qex> the leading to his hand.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Father, into thy hands I <qex>commend</qex> my spirit.</q>

<qau>Luke xxiii. 46.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To recommend as worthy of confidence or regard;

to present as worthy of notice or favorable attention.</def>



<q>Among the objects of knowlwdge, two especially

<qex>commend</qex> themselves to our contemplation.</q>

<qau>Sir M. Hale.</qau>



<q>I <qex>commend</qex> unto you Phebe our sister.</q>

<qau>Rom. xvi. 1.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To mention with approbation; to praise; <as>as,

to <ex>commend</ex> a person or an act</as>.</def>



<q>Historians <qex>commend</qex> Alexander for weeping when he

read the actions of Achilles.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To mention by way of courtesy, implying

remembrance and good will.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q><qex>Commend</qex> me to my brother.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Com*mend"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Commendation;

praise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Speak in his just <qex>commend</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Compliments; greetings.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Hearty <qex>commends</qex> and much endeared love to you.</q>

<qau>Howell.</qau>



<hw>Com*mend"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<note>(Formerly accented on the first syllable.)</note> <ety>[L.

<ets>commendabilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Worthy of being commended

or praised; laudable; praiseworthy.</def>



<q>Order and decent ceremonies in the church are not only comely

but <qex>commendable</qex>.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



-- <wordforms><wf>Com*mend"a*ble*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos> --

<wf>Com*mend"a*bly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Com*men"dam</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL. dare

in <ets>commendam</ets> to give into trust.]</ety> <fld>(Eng.

Eccl. Law)</fld> <def>A vacant living or benefice commended to a

cleric (usually a bishop) who enjoyed the revenue until a pastor

was provided. A living so held was said to be held <xex>in

commendam</xex>. The practice was abolished by law in 1836.</def>



<q>There was [formerly] some sense for <qex>commendams</qex>.</q>

<qau>Selden.</qau>



<cs><col>Partnership in commendam</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Partnership</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Com*mend"a*ta*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>commendataire</ets>, LL.

<ets>commendatarius</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who holds a living

<xex>in commendam</xex>.</def>



<hw>Com`men*da"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>commendatio</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

commending; praise; favorable representation in words;

recommendation.</def>



<q>Need we . . . epistles of <qex>commendatiom</qex>?</q>

<qau>2 Cor. iii. 1.</qau>



<q>By the <qex>commendation</qex> of the great officers.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is the ground of approbation or

praise.</def>



<q>Good nature is the most godlike <qex>commendation</qex> of a

man.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>A message of affection or

respect; compliments; greeting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Hark you, Margaret;

No princely <qex>commendations</qex> to my king?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Com*mend"a*tor</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[LL.]</ety> <def>One who holds a benefice in commendam; a

commendatary.</def>



<au>Chalmers.</au>



<hw>Com*mend"a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>commendatorius</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Serving to

commend; containing praise or commendation; commending;

praising.</def> \'bd<xex>Commendatory</xex> verses.\'b8



<au>Pope.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Holding a benefice <xex>in commendam</xex>;

<as>as, a <ex>commendatory</ex> bishop</as>.</def>



<au>Burke.</au>



<cs><col>Commendatory prayer</col> <fld>(Book of Common

Prayer)</fld>, <cd>a prayer read over the dying. \'bdThe

<xex>commendatory prayer<xex> was said for him, and, as it ended,

he [William III.] died.\'b8</cd></cs>



<au>Bp. Burnet.</au>



<hw>Com*mend"a*to*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A commendation;

eulogy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Commendatories</xex> to

our affection.\'b8



<au>Sharp.</au>



<hw>Com*mend"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

commends or praises.</def>



<hw>Com*men"sal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>commensalis</ets>; L. <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>mensa</ets>

table: cf. F. <ets>commensal</ets>. Cf. Mensal.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>One who eats at the same table.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An animal, not truly

parasitic, which lives in with, or on, another, partaking usually

of the same food. Both species may be benefited by the

association.</def>



<hw>Com*men"sal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having the

character of a commensal.</def>



<hw>Com*men"sal*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act

of eating together; table fellowship.</def>



<hw>Com`men*sal"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Fellowship at table; the act or practice of eating at the

same table.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdPromiscuous

<xex>commensality</xex>.\'b8



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Com`men*sa"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Commensality.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Daniel . . . declined pagan <qex>commensation</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>



<hw>Com*men`su*ra*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>commensurabilite</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality

of being commersurable.</def>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Com*men"su*ra*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>commensurabilis</ets>; pref. <ets>com-</ets> +

<ets>mensurable</ets>. See <er>Commensurate</er>, and cf.

<er>Commeasurable</er>.]</ety> <def>Having a common measure;

capable of being exactly measured by the same number, quantity,

or measure.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Com*men"su*ra*ble*ness</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<cs><mcol><col>Commensurable numbers</col> <or/

<col>quantities</col></mcol> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>those that

can be exactly expressed by some common unit; thus a foot and

yard are <xex>commensurable<xex>, since both can be expressed in

terms of an inch, one being 12 inches, the other 36 inches.</cd>

-- <mcol><col>Numbers</col>, <or/ <col>Quantities</col>,

<col>commensurable in power</col></mcol>, <cd>those whose squares

are commensurable.</cd></cs>



<hw>Com*men"su*ra*bly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In

a commensurable manner; so as to be commensurable.</def>



<hw>Com*men"su*rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Commensurated</er>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Commensurating</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>mensurate</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To reduce to a common measure.</def>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To proportionate; to adjust.</def>



<au>T. Puller</au>



<hw>Com*men"su*rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Having a common measure; commensurable; reducible to a

common measure; <as>as, <ex>commensurate</ex>

quantities</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Equal in measure or extent; proportionate.</def>



<q>Those who are persuaded that they shall continue forever, can

not choose but aspire after a hapiness <qex>commensurate</qex> to

their duration.</q>

<qau>Tillotson.</qau>



<hw>Com*men"su*rate*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In

a commensurate manner; so as to be equal or proportionate;

adequately.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>With equal measure or extent.</def>



<au>Goodwin.</au>



<hw>Com*men"su*rate*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or

quality of being commensurate.</def>



<au>Foster.</au>



<hw>Com*men`su*ra"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>commensuration</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of

commensurating; the state of being commensurate.</def>



<q>All fitness lies in a particular <qex>commensuration</qex>, or

proportion of one thing to another.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<hw>Com"ment</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Commented</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Commenting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.

<ets>commenter</ets>, L. <ets>commentary</ets> to meditate upon,

explain, v. intens, of <ets>comminisci</ets>,

<ets>commentus</ets>, to reflect upon, invent; <ets>com-</ets> +

the root of <ets>meminisse</ets> to remember, <ets>mens</ets>

mind. See <er>Mind</er>.]</ety> <def>To make remarks,

observations, or criticism; especially, to write notes on the

works of an author, with a view to illustrate his meaning, or to

explain particular passages; to write annotations; -- often

followed by <xex>on</xex> or <xex>upon</xex>.</def>



<q>A physician to <qex>comment</qex> on your malady.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Critics . . . proceed to <qex>comment</qex> on him.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>I must translate and <qex>comment</qex>.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<hw>Com"ment</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To comment on.</def>

<mark>[Archaic.]</mark>



<au>Fuller.</au>



<hw>Com"ment</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>comment</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A remark,

observation, or criticism; gossip; discourse; talk.</def>



<q>Their lavish <qex>comment</qex> when her name was named.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A note or observation intended to explain,

illustrate, or criticise the meaning of a writing, book, etc.;

explanation; annotation; exposition.</def>



<q>All the volumes of philosophy,

With all their <qex>comments</qex>.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<hw>Com"men*ta*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Commentaries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L.

<ets>commentarius</ets>, <ets>commentarium</ets>, note book,

commentary: cf. F. <ets>commentaire</ets>. See <er>Comment</er>,

<pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A series of comments or

annotations; esp., a book of explanations or expositions on the

whole or a part of the Scriptures or of some other work.</def>



<q>This letter . . . was published by him with a severe

<qex>commentary</qex>.</q>

<qau>Hallam.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A brief account of transactions or events

written hastily, as if for a memorandum; -- usually in the

plural; <as>as, Caesar's <ex>Commentaries</ex> on the Gallic

War</as>.</def>



<hw>Com"men*tate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>commentatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>commentari</ets>

to meditate.]</ety> <def>To write comments or notes upon; to make

comments.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q><qex>Commentate</qex> upon it, and return it enriched.</q>

<qau>Lamb.</qau>



<hw>Com`men*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act or process of commenting or criticising;

exposition.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>The spirit of <qex>commentation</qex>.</q>

<qau>Whewell.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The result of the labors of a commentator.</def>



<hw>Com"men*ta`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>commentator</ets>: cf. F. <ets>commentateur</ets>.]</ety>

<def>One who writes a commentary or comments; an expositor; an

annotator.</def>



<q>The <qex>commentator's</qex> professed object is to explain,

to enforce, to illustrate doctrines claimed as true.</q>

<qau>Whewell.</qau>



<hw>Com`men*ta*to"ri*al</hw> <pr>(? <or/ <?/)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to the making of commentaries.</def>



<au>Whewell.</au>



<hw>Com"men*ta`tor*ship</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

office or occupation of a commentator.</def>



<hw>Com"ment`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

makes or writes comments; a commentator; an annotator.</def>



<hw>Com`men*ti"tious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>commentitius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Fictitious or imaginary;

unreal; <as>as, a <ex>commentitious</ex> system of

religion</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Warburton.</au>



<hw>Com"merce</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <note>(Formerly

accented on the second syllable.)</note> <ety>[F.

<ets>commerce</ets>, L. <ets>commercium</ets>; <ets>com-</ets> +

<ets>merx</ets>, <ets>mercis</ets>, merchadise. See

<er>Merchant</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The exchange or buying

and selling of commodities; esp. the exchange of merchandise, on

a large scale, between different places or communities; extended

trade or traffic.</def>



<q>The public becomes powerful in proportion to the opulence and

extensive <qex>commerce</qex> of private men.</q>

<qau>Hume.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Social intercourse; the dealings of one person

or class in society with another; familiarity.</def>



<q>Fifteen years of thought, observation, and <qex>commerce</qex>

with the world had made him [Bunyan] wiser.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Sexual intercourse.</def>



<au>W. Montagu.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A round game at cards, in which the cards are

subject to exchange, barter, or trade.</def>



<au>Hoyle.</au>



<cs><col>Chamber of commerce</col>. <cd>See

<er>Chamber</er>.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Trade; traffic; dealings; intercourse; interchange;

communion; communication.</syn>



<hw>Com*merce"</hw> <pr>(? <or/ <?/)</pr>, <pos>v. i. </pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Commerced</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p>. pr. & vb. n</pos>.

<er>Commercing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>commercer</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>commerciare</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To carry on trade; to traffic.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Beware you <qex>commerce</qex> not with bankrupts.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To hold intercourse; to commune.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<q><qex>Commercing</qex> with himself.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<q>Musicians . . . taught the people in angelic harmonies to

<qex>commerce</qex> with heaven.</q>

<qau>Prof. Wilson.</qau>



<hw>Com*mer"cial</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>commercial</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to commerce;

carrying on or occupied with commerce or trade; mercantile;

<as>as, <ex>commercial</ex> advantages; <ex>commercial</ex>

relations.</as></def> \'bdPrincely <xex>commercial

houses</xex>.\'b8



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<cs><col>Commercial college</col>, <cd>a school for giving

instruction in commercial knowledge and business.</cd> --

<col>Commercial law</col>. <cd>See under <er>Law</er>.</cd> --

<col>Commercial note paper</col>, <cd>a small size of writing

paper, usually about 5 by 7\'ab or 8 inches.</cd> --

<col>Commercial paper</col>, <cd>negotiable paper given in due

course of business. It includes bills of exchange, promissory

notes, bank cheks, etc.</cd> -- <col>Commercial traveler</col>,

<cd>an agent of a wholesale house who travels from town to town

to solicit orders.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Mercantile</er>.</syn>



<hw>Com*mer"cial*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

commercial spirit or method.</def>



<au>C. Kingsley.</au>



<hw>Com*mer"cial*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a commercial

manner.</def>



<hw>Com"mi*grate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>commigrare</ets>, <ets>commigratum</ets>.]</ety> <def>To

migrate together.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Com`mi*gra"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>commigratio</ets>.]</ety>  <def>Migration together.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Woodward.</au>



<hw>Com`mi*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>comminatio</ets>, from <ets>comminary</ets> to threaten;

<ets>com-</ets> + <ets>minari</ets> to threaten: cf. F.

<ets>commination</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A threat or

threatening; a denunciation of punishment or vengeance.</def>



<q>With terrible <qex>comminations</qex> to all them that did

resist.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An office in the liturgy of the Church of

England, used on Ash Wednesday, containing a recital of God's

anger and judgments against sinners.</def>



<hw>Com*min"a*to"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>comminatoire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Threatening or denouncing

punishment; <as>as, <ex>comminatory</ex> terms</as>.</def>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Com*min"gle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Commingled</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Commingling</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To mingle together; to mix in one

mass, or intimately; to blend.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Com"mi*nute</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Comminuted</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Comminuting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>comminutus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>comminuere</ets> to

comminute; <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>minuere</ets> to lessen. See

<er>Minute</er>.]</ety> <def>To reduce to minute particles, or to

a fine powder; to pulverize; to triturate; to grind; <as>as, to

<ex>comminute</ex> chalk or bones; to <ex>comminute</ex> food

with the teeth.</as></def>



<au>Pennant.</au>



<cs><col>Comminuted fracture</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Fracture</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Com`mi*nu"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of reducing to a fine powder or to small particles;

pulverization; the state of being comminuted.</def>



<au>Bentley.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>Fracture (of a bone) into a

number of pieces.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Gradual diminution by the removal of small

particles at a time; a lessening; a wearing away.</def>



<q>Natural and necessary <qex>comminution</qex> of our lives.</q>

<qau>Johnson.</qau>



<hw>Com*mis"er*a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pitiable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Com*mis"er*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Commiserated</er>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Commiserating</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[L. <ets>commiseratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>commiserari</ets>

to commiserate; <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>miserari</ets> to pity.

See <er>Miserable</er>.]</ety> <def>To feel sorrow, pain, or

regret for; to pity.</def>



<q>Then must we those, who groan, beneath the weight

Of age, disease, or want, <qex>commiserate</qex>.</q>

<qau>Denham.</qau>



<q>We should <qex>commiserate</qex> our mutual ignorance.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To pity; compassionate; lament; condole.</syn>



<hw>Com*mis`er*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>commis<?/ration</ets>, fr. L. <ets>commiseratio</ets> a part

of an oration intended to exite compassion.]</ety> <def>The act

of commiserating; sorrow for the wants, afflictions, or

distresses of another; pity; compassion.</def>



<q>And pluck <qex>commiseration</qex> of his state

From brassy bosoms and rough hearts of flint.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Sympathy</er>.</syn>



<hw>Com*mis"er*a*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Feeling or expressing commiseration.</def>



<au>Todd.</au>



<hw>Com*mis"er*a`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

who pities.</def>



<hw>Com`mis*sa"ri*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to a commissary.</def>



<hw>Com`mis*sa"ri*at</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F. <ets>commissariat</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>The organized system by which armies and

military posts are supplied with food and daily

necessaries.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The body of officers charged

with such service.</def>



<hw>Com"mis*sa*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Commissaries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[LL.

<ets>commissarius</ets>, fr. L. <ets>commissus</ets>, p. p. of

<ets>committere</ets> to commit, intrust to. See

<er>Commit</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One to whom is committed

some charge, duty, or office, by a superior power; a

commissioner.</def>



<q>Great Destiny, the <qex>Commissary</qex> of God.</q>

<qau>Donne.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>An officer on the bishop, who

exercises ecclesiastical jurisdiction in parts of the diocese at

a distance from the residence of the bishop.</def>



<au>Ayliffe.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An officer having

charge of a special sevice; <as>as, the <ex>commissary</ex> of

musters</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An officer whose business

is to provide food for a body of troops or a military post; --

officially called <xex>commissary of subsistence</xex>.</def>

<mark>[U. S.]</mark>



<q>Washington wrote to the President of Congress . . . urging the

appointment of a commissary general, a quartermaster general, a

<qex>commissary</qex> of musters, and a <qex>commissary</qex> of

artillery.</q>

<qau>W. Irving</qau>



<cs><col>Commissary general</col>, <cd>an officer in charge of

some special department of army service</cd>; as: <sd>(a)</sd>

<cd>The officer in charge of the commissariat and transport

department, or of the ordinace store department.</cd>

<mark>[Eng.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The commissary general of

subsistence.</cd> <mark>[U. S.]</mark> -- <col>Commissary general

of subsistence</col> <fld>(Mil. U. S.)</fld>, <cd>the head of the

subsistence department, who has charge of the purchase and issue

of provisions for the army.</cd></cs>



<hw>Com"mis*sa*ry*ship</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

office or employment of a commissary.</def>



<au>Ayliffe.</au>



<hw>Com*mis"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.

L. <ets>commissio</ets>. See <er>Commit</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of committing, doing, or performing; the act of

perpetrating.</def>



<q>Every <qex>commission</qex> of sin introduces into the soul a

certain degree of hardness.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of intrusting; a charge; instructions as

to how a trust shall be executed.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The duty or employment intrusted to any person

or persons; a trust; a charge.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A formal written warrant or authority, granting

certain powers or privileges and authorizing or commanding the

performance of certain duties.</def>



<q>Let him see our <qex>commission</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A certificate conferring military or naval rank

and authority; <as>as, a colonel's

<ex>commission</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A company of persons joined in the performance

of some duty or the execution of some trust; <as>as, the

interstate commerce <ex>commission</ex></as>.</def>



<q>A <qex>commission</qex> was at once appointed to examine into

the matter.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The acting under

authority of, or on account of, another.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>The thing to be done as agent for another; <as>as, I have

three <ex>commissions</ex> for the city</as>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd>

<def>The brokerage or allowance made to a factor or agent for

transacting business for another; <as>as, a <ex>commission</ex>

of ten per cent on sales</as>. See <er>Del credere</er>.</def>



<cs><col>Commission of array</col>. <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld>

<cd>See under <er>Array</er>.</cd> -- <col>Commission of

bankrupty</col>, <cd>a commission apointing and empowering

certain persons to examine into the facts relative to an alleged

bankrupty, and to secure the bankrupt's lands and effects for the

creditors.</cd> -- <col>Commission of lunacy</col>, <cd>a

commission authoring and inquiry whether a person is a lunatic or

not.</cd> -- <col>Commission merchant</col>, <cd>one who buys or

sells goods on commission, as the agent of others, receiving a

rate per cent as his compensation.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Commission</col>, <or/ <col>Commissioned</col>,

<col>officer</col></mcol> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>one who has a

commission, in distingtion from a noncommossioned or warrant

officer.</cd> -- <col>Commission of the peace</col>, <cd>a

commission under the great seal, constituting one or more persons

justices of the peace.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>To put a

vessel into commission</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to equip and

man a goverment vessel, and send it out on service after it has

been laid up; esp., the formal act of tacking command of a vessel

for service, hoisting the flag, reading the orders, etc.</cd> --

<col>To put a vessel out of commission</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>,

<cd>to detach the officers and crew and retire it from active

service, temporarily or permanently.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To put

the great seal</col>, <or/ <col>the Treasury, into

commission</col></mcol>, <cd>to place it in the hands of a

commissioner or commissioners during the abeyance of the ordinary

administration, as between the going out of one lord keeper and

accession of another.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>The United

States Christians Commission</col>, <cd>an organization among the

people of the North, during the Civil War, which afforded

material comforts to the Union soldiers, and performed services

of a religious character in the field and in hospitals.</cd> --

<col>The United States Sanitary Commission</col>, <cd>an

organization formed by the people of the North to co\'94perate

with and supplement the medical department of the Union armies

during the Civil War.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Charge; warrant; authority; mandate; office; trust;

employment.</syn>



<hw>Com*mis"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Commissioned</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Commissioning</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To give a

commission to; to furnish with a commission; to empower or

authorize; <as>as, to <ex>commission</ex> persons to perform

certain acts; to <ex>commission</ex> an officer.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To send out with a charge or commission.</def>



<q>A chosen band

He first <qex>commissions</qex> to the Latian land.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To appoint; depute; authorize; empower; delegate;

constitute; ordain.</syn>



<mhw>{ <hw>Com*mis"sion*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Com*mis"sion*a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Of pertaining to, or conferring, a commission; conferred by

a commission or warrant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Delegate or <qex>commissionary</qex> authority.</q>

<qau>Bp. Hall.</qau>



<hw>Com*mis"sion*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

commission</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Com*mis"sion*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A person who has a commission or warrant to perform some

office, or execute some bussiness, for the goverment,

corporation, or person employing him; <as>as, a

<ex>commissioner</ex> to take affidavits or to adjust

claims</as>.</def>



<q>To another adress which requisted that a commission might be

sent to examine into the state of things in Ireland, William

returned a gracious answer, and desired the Commons to name the

<qex>commissioners</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An officer having charge of some department or

bureau of the public service.</def>



<q>Herbert was first <qex>commissioner</qex> of the

Admiralty.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<q>The <qex>commissioner</qex> of patents, the

<qex>commissioner</qex> of the land office, the

<qex>commissioner</qex> of Indian affairs, are subotdinates of

the secretary of the interior.</q>

<qau>Bartlett.</qau>



<cs><col>Commissioner of deeds</col>, <cd>an officer having

authority to take affidavits, depositions, acknowledgment of

deeds, etc., for use in the State by which he is appointed.</cd>

<mark>[U. S.]</mark> -- <col>County commissioners</col>,

<cd>certain administrative officers in some of the States,

invested by local laws with various powers in reference to the

roads, courthouses, financial matters, etc., of the county.

<mark>[U. S.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Com*mis`sion*naire"</hw> <pr>(?; F. ?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>commissio</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>An agent or factor; a commission merchant.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One of a class of attendants, in some European

cities, who perform miscellaneous services for travelers.</def>



<hw>Com*mis"sion*ship</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

office of commissioner.</def>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>Com*mis"sive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Relating

to commission; of the nature of, or involving, commission.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Com*mis"su*ral</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Of or pertaining to a commissure.</def>



<hw>Com*mis"sure</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; 134-6)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>commissura</ets> a joing together: cf. F.

<ets>commissure</ets>. See <er>Commit</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A joint, seam, or closure; the place where two bodies, or

parts of a body, meet and unite; an interstice, cleft, or

juncture.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The

point of union between two parts, as the angles of the lips or

eyelids, the mandibles of a bird, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A

collection of fibers connecting parts of the brain or spinal

marrow; a chiasma.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The line of junction or

cohering face of two carpels, as in the parsnip, caraway,

etc.</def>



<hw>Com*mit"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Commited</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Commiting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>committere</ets>, <ets>commissum</ets>, to connect, commit;

<ets>com-</ets> + <ets>mittere</ets> to send. See

<er>Mission</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To give in trust; to

put into charge or keeping; to intrust; to consign; -- used with

<xex>to</xex>, <xex>unto</xex>.</def>



<q><qex>Commit</qex> thy way unto the Lord.</q>

<qau>Ps. xxxvii. 5.</qau>



<q>Bid him farewell, <qex>commit</qex> him to the grave.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To put in charge of a jailor; to imprison.</def>



<q>These two were <qex>commited</qex>.</q>

<qau>Clarendon.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To do; to perperate, as a crime, sin, or

fault.</def>



<q>Thou shalt not <qex>commit</qex> adultery.</q>

<qau>Ex. xx. 14.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To join a contest; to match; -- followed by

<xex>with</xex>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Dr. H. More.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To pledge or bind; to compromise, expose, or

endanger by some decisive act or preliminary step; -- often used

reflexively; <as>as, to <ex>commit</ex> one's self to a certain

course</as>.</def>



<q>You might have satisfied every duty of political friendship,

without <qex>commiting</qex> the honor of your sovereign.</q>

<qau>Junius.</qau>



<q>Any sudden assent to the proposal . . . might possibly be

considered as <qex>committing</qex> the faith of the United

States.</q>

<qau>Marshall.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To confound.</def> <mark>[An obsolete

Latinism.]</mark>



<q><qex>Committing</qex> short and long [quantities].</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<cs><col>To commit a bill</col> <fld>(Legislation)</fld>, <cd>to

refer or intrust it to a committee or others, to be considered

and reported.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To commit to memory</col>, <or/

<col>To commit</col></mcol>, <cd>to learn by heart; to

memorize.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>To Commit</er>, <er>Intrust</er>,

<er>Consign</er>.</syn> <usage> These words have in common the

idea of transferring from one's self to the care and custody of

another. <xex>Commit</xex> is the widest term, and may express

only the general idea of delivering into the charge of another;

as, to <xex>commit</xex> a lawsuit to the care of an attorney; or

it may have the special sense of intrusting with or without

limitations, as to a superior power, or to a careful servant, or

of consigning, as to writing or paper, to the flames, or to

prison. To <xex>intrust</xex> denotes the act of committing to

the exercise of confidence or trust; as, to <xex>intrust</xex> a

friend with the care of a child, or with a secret. To

<xex>consign</xex> is a more formal act, and regards the thing

transferred as placed chiefly or wholly out of one's immediate

control; as, to <xex>consign</xex> a pupil to the charge of his

instructor; to <xex>consign</xex> goods to an agent for sale; to

<xex>consign</xex> a work to the press.</usage>



<hw>Com"mit</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To sin; esp., to be

incontinent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q><qex>Commit</qex> not with man's sworn spouse.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Com*mit"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of commiting, or putting in charge, keeping, or

trust; consigment; esp., the act of commiting to prison.</def>



<q>They were glad to compound for his bare <qex>commitment</qex>

to the Tower, whence he was within few days enlarged.</q>

<qau>Clarendon.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A warrant or order for the imprisonment of a

person; -- more frequently termed a <xex>mittimus</xex>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The act of referring or intrusting to a

committee for consideration and report; <as>as, the

<ex>commitment</ex> of a petition or a bill</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A doing, or preperation, in a bad sense, as of a

crime or blunder; commission.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The act of pledging or engaging; the act of

exposing, endangering, or compromising; also, the state of being

pledged or engaged.</def>



<au>Hamilton.</au>



<hw>Com*mit"ta*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of being committed.</def>



<hw>Com*mit"tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of

commiting, or the state of being committed; commitment.</def>



<hw>Com*mit"tee</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>comit\'82</ets> company, and LL. <ets>comitatus</ets>

jurisdiction or territory of a count, county, assize, army. The

word was apparently influenced by the verb <ets>commit</ets>, but

not directly formed from it. Cf. <er>County</er>.]</ety> <def>One

or more persons elected or appointed, to whom any matter or

bussiness is referred, either by a legislative body, or by a

court, or by any collective body of men acting together.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Commitee of the whole [house]</col>, <cd>a

committee, embracing all the members present, into which a

legislative or deliberative body sometimes resolves itself, for

the purpose of considering a particular measure under the

operation of different rules from those governing the general

legislative proceedings. The <xex>committee of the whole<xex> has

its own chairman, and reports its action in the form of

recommendations.</cd> -- <col>Standing committee</col>. <cd>See

under <er>Standing</er>.</cd></cs>



<-- p. 286 -->



<hw>Com`mit*tee"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Commit</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld>

<def>One to whom the charge of the person or estate of another,

as of a lunatic, is committed by suitable authority; a

guardian.</def>



<hw>Com*mit"tee*man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

member of a committee.</def>



<hw>Com*mit"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who commits; one who does or perpetrates.</def>



<au>South.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A fornicator.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>T. Decker.</au>



<hw>Com*mit"ti*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of being committed; liable to be committed.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Com*mix"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Commixed</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Commixing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>com</ets>+ +

<ets>mix</ets>: cf. L. <ets>commixtus</ets>, p. p.of

<ets>commiscere</ets>. See <er>Mix</er>.]</ety> <def>To mix or

mingle together; to blend.</def>



<q>The <qex>commixed</qex> impressions of all the colors do stir

up and beget a sensation of white.</q>

<qau>Sir I. Newton.</qau>



<q>To <qex>commix</qex>

With winds that sailors rail at.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Com*mix"ion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Commix</er>.]</ety> <def>Commixture.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Com*mix"tion</hw> <pr>(?; 106)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>commixtio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Commixture; mingling.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>An exact <qex>commixtion</qex> of the ingredients.</q>

<qau>Boyle.</qau>



<hw>Com*mix"ture</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>commixtura</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or process

of mixing; the state of being mingled; the blending of

ingredients in one mass or compound.</def>



<q>In the <qex>commixture</qex> of anything that is more oily or

sweet, such bodies are least apt to putrefy.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The mass formed by mingling different things; a

compound; a mixture.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Com"mo*date</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>commodatum</ets> thing lent, loan.]</ety> <fld>(Scots

Law)</fld> <def>A gratuitous loan.</def>



<hw>Com*mode"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>commode</ets>, fr. <ets>commode</ets> convenient, L.

<ets>commodus</ets>; <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>modus</ets> measure,

mode. See <er>Mode</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A kind of

headdress formerly worn by ladies, raising the hair and fore part

of the cap to a great height.</def>



<q>Or under high <qex>commodes</qex>, with looks erect.</q>

<qau>Granville.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A piece of furniture, so named according to

temporary fashion; as: (a) A cheat of drawers or a bureau.

<sd>(b)</sd> A night stand with a compartment for holding a

chamber vessel. <sd>(c)</sd> A kind of close stool. <sd>(d)</sd>

A movable sink for a wash bowl, with closet.</def>



<hw>Com*mo"di*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>commodiosus</ets>, fr. L. <ets>commodum</ets> convenience,

fr. <ets>commodus</ets>. See <er>Commode</er>.]</ety>

<def>Adapted to its use or purpose, or to wants and necessities;

serviceable; spacious and convenient; roomy and comfortable;

<as>as, a <ex>commodious</ex> house</as>.</def> \'bdA

<xex>commodious</xex> drab.\'b8 <au>Shak.</au>

\'bd<xex>Commodious</xex> gold.\'b8 <au>Pope.</au>



<q>The haven was not <qex>commodious</qex> to winter in.</q>

<qau>Acts. xxvii. 12.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Convenient; suitable; fit; proper; advantageous;

serviceable; useful; spacious; comfortable.</syn>



<hw>Com*mo"di*ous*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a commodious

manner.</def>



<q>To pass <qex>commodiously</qex> this life.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Com*mo"di*ous*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>State of being

commodious; suitableness for its purpose; convience;

roominess.</def>



<q>Of cities, the greatness and riches increase according to the

<qex>commodiousness</qex> of their situation.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Temple.</qau>



<q>The <qex>commodiousness</qex> of the harbor.</q>

<qau>Johnson.</qau>



<hw>Com*mod"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Commodities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[F.

<ets>commodit<?/</ets>, fr. L. <ets>commoditas</ets>. See

<er>Commode</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Convenience;

accommodation; profit; benefit; advantage; interest;

commodiousness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Drawn by the <qex>commodity</qex> of a footpath.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<q>Men may seek their own <qex>commodity</qex>, yet if this were

done with injury to others, it was not to be suffered.</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which affords convenience, advantage, or

profit, especially in commerce, including everything movable that

is bought and sold (except animals), -- goods, wares,

merchandise, produce of land and manufactures, etc.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A parcel or quantity of goods.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A <qex>commodity</qex> of brown paper and old ginger.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Com"mo*dore`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. a

corruption of <ets>commander</ets>, or Sp. <ets>comendador</ets>

a knight of a military order who holds a commandery; also a

superior of a monastery;, fr. LL. <ets>commendare</ets> to

command. Cf. <er>Commend</er>, <er>Command</er>,

<er>Commander</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(U. S. Navy)</fld>

<def>An officer who ranks next above a captain; sometimes, by

courtesy, the senior captain of a squadron. The rank of commodore

corresponds with that of brigadier general in the army.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Brititsh Navy)</fld> <def>A captain commanding

a squadron, or a division of a fleet, or having the temporary

rank of rear admiral.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A title given courtesy to the senior captain of

a line of merchant vessels, and also to the chief officer of a

yachting or rowing club.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A familiar for the flagchip, or for the

principal vessel of a squadron or fleet.</def>



<hw>Com"mon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Commoner</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Commonest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>commun</ets>, <ets>comon</ets>, OF. <ets>comun</ets>, F.

<ets>commun</ets>, fr. L. <ets>communis</ets>; <ets>com-</ets> +

<ets>munis</ets> ready to be of service; cf. Skr. <ets>mi</ets>

to make fast, set up, build, Coth. <ets>gamains</ets> common, G.

<ets>gemein</ets>, and E. <ets>mean</ets> low, common. Cf.

<er>Immunity</er>, <er>Commune</er>, <pos>n.</pos> &

<pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Belonging or relating

equally, or similary, to more than one; <as>as, you and I have a

<ex>common</ex> interest in the property</as>.</def>



<q>Though life and sense be <qex>common</qex> to men and

brutes.</q>

<qau>Sir M. Hale.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Belonging to or shared by, affecting or serving,

all the members of a class, consired together; general; public;

<as>as, propertis <ex>common</ex> to all plants; the

<ex>common</ex> schools; the Book of <ex>Common</ex>

Prayer.</as></def>



<q>Such actions as the <qex>common</qex> good requereth.</q>

<qau>Hocker.</qau>



<q>The <qex>common</qex> enemy of man.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Often met with; usual; frequent;

customary.</def>



<q>Grief more than <qex>common</qex> grief.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Not distinguished or exceptional; inconspicuous;

ordinary; plebeian; -- often in a depreciatory sense.</def>



<q>The honest, heart-felt enjoyment of <qex>common</qex>

life.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<q>This fact was infamous

And ill beseeming any <qex>common</qex> man,

Much more a knight, a captain and a leader.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Above the vulgar flight of <qex>common</qex> souls.</q>

<qau>A. Murpphy.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Profane; polluted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>What God hath cleansed, that call not thou

<qex>common</qex>.</q>

<qau>Acts x. 15.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Given to habits of lewdness; prostitute.</def>



<q>A dame who herself was <qex>common</qex>.</q>

<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>



<cs><col>Common bar</col> <fld>(Law)</fld> <cd>Same as <xex>Blank

bar<xex>, under <er>Blank</er>.</cd> -- <col>Common

barrator</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>one who makes a business of

instigating litigation.</cd> -- <col>Common Bench</col>, <cd>a

name sometimes given to the English Court of Common Pleas.</cd>

-- <col>Common brawler</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>one addicted

to public brawling and quarreling. See <er>Brawler</er>.</cd> --

<col>Common carrier</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>one who

undertakes the office of carrying (goods or persons) for hire.

Such a carrier is bound to carry in all cases when he has

accommodation, and when his fixed price is tendered, and he is

liable for all losses and injuries to the goods, except those

which happen in consequence of the act of God, or of the enemies

of the country, or of the owner of the property himself.</cd> --

<col>Common chord</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a chord consisting

of the fundamental tone, with its third and fifth.</cd> --

<col>Common council</col>, <cd>the representative (legislative)

body, or the lower branch of the representative body, of a city

or other munisipal corporation.</cd> -- <col>Common crier</col>,

<cd>the crier of a town or city.</cd> -- <col>Common

divisor</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>a number or quantity that

divides two or more numbers or quantities without a remainder; a

common measure.</cd> -- <col>Common gender</col>

<fld>(Gram.)</fld>, <cd>the gender comprising words that may be

of either the masculine or the feminine gender.</cd> --

<col>Common law</col>, <cd>a system of jurisprudence developing

under the guidance of the courts so as to apply a consistent and

reasonable rule to each litigated case. It may be superseded by

statute, but unless superseded it controls.</cd>

<au>Wharton.</au> <note>It is by others defined as the unwritten

law (especially of England), the law that receives its binding

force from immemorial usage and universal reception, as

ascertained and expressed in the judgments of the courts. This

term is often used in contradistinction from <xex>statute law.

Many use it to designate a law <xex>common</xex> to the whole

country. It is also used to designate the whole body of English

(or other) law, as distinguished from its subdivisions, local,

civil, admiralty, equity, etc. See <er>Law</er>.</note> --

<col>Common lawyer</col>, <cd>one versed in common law.</cd> --

<col>Common lewdness</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>the habitual

performance of lewd acts in public.</cd> -- <col>Common

multiple</col> <fld>(Arith.)</fld> <cd>See under

<er>Multiple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Common noun</col>

<fld>(Gram.)</fld>, <cd>the name of any one of a class of

objects, as distinguished from a <xex>proper noun</xex> (the name

of a particular person or thing).</cd> -- <col>Common

nuisance</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>that which is deleterious to

the health or comfort or sense of decency of the community at

large.</cd> -- <col>Common pleas</col>, <cd>one of the three

superior courts of common law at Westminster, presided over by a

chief justice and four puisne judges. Its jurisdiction is

confined to civil matters. Courts bearing this title exist in

several of the United States, having, however, in some cases,

botth civil and criminal jurisdiction extending over the whole

State. In other States the jurisdiction of the common pleas is

limited to a county, and it is sometimes called a <altname>county

court</altname>. Its powers are generally defined by

statute.</cd> -- <col>Common prayer</col>, <cd>the liturgy of the

Church of England, or of the Protestant Episcopal church of the

United States, which all its clergy are enjoined use. It is

contained in the Book of Common Prayer.</cd> -- <col>Common

school</col>, <cd>a school maintained at the public expense, and

open to all.</cd> -- <col>Common scold</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>,

<cd>a woman addicted to scolding indiscriminately, in

public.</cd> -- <col>Common seal</col>, <cd>a seal adopted and

used by a corporation</col>. -- <col>Common sense</col>.

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A supposed sense which was held to be the common

bond of all the others.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Trench.</au>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Sound judgment. See under <er>Sense</er>.</cd>

-- <col>Common time</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>that variety of

time in which the measure consists of two or of four equal

portions.</cd> -- <col>In common</col>, <cd>equally with another,

or with others; owned, shared, or used, in community with others;

affecting or affected equally.</cd> -- <col>Out of the

common</col>, <cd>uncommon; extraordinary.</cd> -- <col>Tenant in

common</col>, <cd>one holding real or personal property in common

with others, having distinct but undivided interests. See

<cref>Joint tenant</cref>, under <er>Joint</er>.</cd> -- <col>To

make common cause with</col>, <cd>to join or ally one's self

with.</cd>



<syn>Syn. -- General; public; popular; universal; frequent;

ordinary; customary; usual; familiar; habitual; vulgar; mean;

trite; stale; threadbare; commonplace. See <er>Mutual</er>,

<er>Ordinary</er>, <er>General</er>.</syn>



<hw>Com"mon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

people; the community.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdThe weal o'

the <xex>common</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An inclosed or uninclosed tract of ground for

pleasure, for pasturage, etc., the use of which belongs to the

public; or to a number of persons.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The right of taking a profit in

the land of another, in common either with the owner or with

other persons; -- so called from the community of interest which

arises between the claimant of the right and the owner of the

soil, or between the claimants and other commoners entitled to

the same right.</def>



<cs><col>Common appendant</col>, <cd>a right belonging to the

owners or occupiers of arable land to put commonable beasts upon

the waste land in the manor where they dwell.</cd> -- <col>Common

appurtenant</col>, <cd>a similar right applying to lands in other

manors, or extending to other beasts, besides those which are

generally commonable, as hogs.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Common because

of vicinage</col> <or/ <col>neighborhood</col></mcol>, <cd>the

right of the inhabitants of each of two townships, lying

contiguous to each other, which have usually intercommoned with

one another, to let their beasts stray into the other's

fields.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Common in gross</col>  <or/ <col>at

large</col></mcol>, <cd>a common annexed to a man's person, being

granted to him and his heirs by deed; or it may be claimed by

prescriptive right, as by a parson of a church or other

corporation sole.</cd>  <au>Blackstone.</au> -- <col>Common of

estovers</col>, <cd>the right of taking wood from another's

estate.</cd> -- <col>Common of pasture</col>, <cd>the right of

feeding beasts on the land of another.</cd> <au>Burill.</au> --

<col>Common of piscary</col>, <cd>the right of fishing in waters

belonging to another.</cd> -- <col>Common of turbary</col>,

<cd>the right of digging turf upon the ground of

another.</cd></cs>



<hw>Com"mon</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To converse

together; to discourse; to confer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Embassadors were sent upon both parts, and divers means of

entreaty were <qex>commoned</qex> of.</q>

<qau>Grafton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To participate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. More.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To have a joint right with others in common

ground.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To board together; to eat at a table in

common.</def>



<hw>Com"mon*a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Held in common.</def> \'bdForests . . . and other

<xex>commonable</xex> places.\'b8



<au>Bacon.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Allowed to pasture on public commons.</def>



<q><qex>Commonable</qex> beasts are either beasts of the plow, or

such as manure the ground.</q>

<qau>Blackstone.</qau>



<hw>Com"mon*age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>communage</ets>.]</ety> <def>The right of pasturing on a

common; the right of using anything in common with others.</def>



<q>The claim of <qex>comonage</qex> . . . in most of the

forests.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<hw>Com"mon*al*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Commonalties</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[Of.

<ets>communalt\'82</ets>; F. <ets>communaut\'82</ets>, fr.

<ets>communal</ets>. See <er>Communal</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The common people; those classes and conditions of people

who are below the rank of nobility; the commons.</def>



<q>The <qex>commonalty</qex>, like the nobility, are divided into

several degrees.</q>

<qau>Blackstone.</qau>



<q>The ancient fare of our kings differed from that of the

<qex>commonalty</qex> in plenteousness only.</q>

<qau>Landon.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The majority or bulk of mankind.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Hooker.</au>



<hw>Com"mon*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One of the common people; one having no rank of

nobility.</def>



<q>All below them [the peers] even their children, were

<qex>commoners</qex>, and in the eye law equal to each other.</q>

<qau>Hallam.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A member of the House of Commons.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>One who has a joint right in common

ground.</def>



<q>Much good land might be gained from forests . . . and from

other commonable places, so as always there be a due care taken

that the poor <qex>commoners</qex> have no injury.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>One sharing with another in anything.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Fuller.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A student in the university of Oxford, Eng., who

is not dependent on any foundation for support, but pays all

university charges; -- at Cambrige called a

<xex>pensioner</xex>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A prostitute.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Com"mon*ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Somewhat common;

commonplace; vulgar.</def>



<hw>Com`mo*ni"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>commonitio</ets>. See <er>Monition</er>.]</ety> <def>Advice;

warning; instruction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Com*mon"i*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Monitory.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Only commemorative and <qex>commonitive</qex>.</q>

<qau>Bp. Hall.</qau>



<hw>Com*mon"i*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>commonitorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Calling to mind; giving

admonition.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Foxe.</au>



<hw>Com"mon*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Usually; generally; ordinarily; frequently; for the most

part; <as>as, confirmed habits <ex>commonly</ex> continue trough

life</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In common; familiary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Com"mon*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>State or

quality of being common or usual; <as>as, the <ex>commonness</ex>

of sunlight</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Triteness; meanness.</def>



<hw>Com"mon*place`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Common;

ordinary; trite; <as>as, a <ex>commonplace</ex> person, or

observation</as>.</def>



<hw>Com"mon*place`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An idea

or expression wanting originality or interest; a trite or

customary remark; a platitude.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A memorandum; something to be frequently

consulted or referred to.</def>



<q>Whatever, in my reading, occurs concerning this our fellow

creature, I do never fail to set it down by way of

<qex>commonplace</qex>.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<cs><col>Commonplace book</col>, <cd>a book in which records are

made of things to be remembered.</cd></cs>



<hw>Com"mon*place`</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To enter in a

commonplace book, or to reduce to general heads.</def>



<au>Felton.</au>



<hw>Com"mon*place`</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To utter

commonplaces; to indulge in platitudes.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Com"mon*place`ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of

being commonplace; commonness.</def>



<hw>Com"mons</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>, <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The mass of the people, as distinguished from the titled

chasses or nobility; the commonalty; the common people.</def>

<mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<q>'T is like the <qex>commons</qex>, rude unpolished hinds,

Could send such message to their sovereign.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>The word <qex>commons</qex> in its present ordinary

signification comprises all the people who are under the rank of

peers.</q>

<qau>Blackstone.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The House of Commons, or lower house of the

British Parliament, consisting of representatives elected by the

qualified voters of counties, boroughs, and universities.</def>



<q>It is agreed that the <qex>Commons</qex> were no part of the

great council till some ages after the Conquest.</q>

<qau>Hume.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Provisions; food; fare, -- as that provided at a

common table in colleges and universities.</def>



<q>Their <qex>commons</qex>, though but coarse, were nothing

scant.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A club or association for boarding at a common

table, as in a college, the members sharing the expenses equally;

<as>as, to board in <ex>commons</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A common; public pasture ground.</def>



<q>To shake his ears, and graze in <qex>commons</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>Doctors' Commons</col>, <cd>a place near St. Paul's

Chuchyard in London where the doctors of civil law used to common

together, and where were the ecclesiastical and admiralty courts

and offices having jurisdiction of marriage licenses, divorces,

registration of wills, etc.</cd> -- <col>To be on short

commons</col>, <cd>to have small allowance of food.

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Com"mon sense"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>See <cref>Common

sense</cref>, under <er>Sense</er>.</def>



<hw>Com"mon*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Scots

Law)</fld> <def>A common; a piece of land in which two or more

persons have a common right.</def>



<au>Bell.</au>



<hw>Com"mon*weal"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<wordforms>[<ets>Common</ets> + <ets>weal</ets>.]</wordforms>

<def>Commonwealth.</def>



<q>Such a prince,

So kind a father of the <qex>commonweal</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Com"mon*wealth`</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Common</ets> + <ets>wealth</ets> well-being.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A state; a body politic consisting of a certain

number of men, united, by compact or tacit agreement, under one

form of government and system of laws.</def>



<q>The trappings of a monarchy would set up an ordinary

<qex>commonwealth</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<-- p. 287 -->



<note><hand/ This term is applied to governments which are

considered as free or popular, but rarely, or improperly, to an

absolute government. The word signifies, strictly, the

<xex>common well-being</xex> or <xex>happiness</xex>; and hence,

a form of government in which the general welfare is regarded

rather than the welfare of any class.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The whole body of people in a state; the

public.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld> <def>Specifically, the form

of government established on the death of Charles I., in 1649,

which existed under Oliver Cromwell and his son Richard, ending

with the abdication of the latter in 1659.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- State; realm; republic.</syn>



<hw>Com"mo*rance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Commorancy</er>.</def>



<hw>Com"mo*ran*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A dwelling or ordinary residence in a

place; habitation.</def>



<q><qex>Commorancy</qex> consists in usually lying there.</q>

<qau>Blackstone.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Am. Law)</fld> <def>Residence temporarily, or

for a short time.</def>



<hw>Com"mo*rant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>commorans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>commorari</ets> to abide;

<ets>com-</ets> + <ets>morari</ets> to delay.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Ordinarily residing; inhabiting.</def>



<q>All freeholders within the precinct . . . and all persons

<qex>commorant</qex> therein.</q>

<qau>Blackstone.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Am. Law)</fld> <def>Inhabiting or occupying

temporarily.</def>



<hw>Com"mo*rant</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A resident.</def>



<au>Bp. Hacket.</au>



<hw>Com`mo*ra"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>commoratio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of staying or residing

in a place.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<hw>Com*mo"ri*ent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>commoriens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>commoriri</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Dying together or at the same time.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Sir G. Buck.</au>



<hw>Com*morse"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>commorsus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>commordere</ets> to bite

sharply.]</ety> <def>Remorse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdWith

sad <xex>commorse</xex>.\'b8



<au>Daniel.</au>



<hw>Com*mote"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Commove</er>.]</ety> <def>To commove; to disturb; to stir

up.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Society being more or less <qex>commoted</qex> and made

uncomfortable.</q>

<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>



<hw>Com*mo"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>commotio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>commotion</ets>. See

<er>Motion</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Disturbed or violent

motion; agitation.</def>



<q>[What] <qex>commotion</qex> in the winds!</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A popular tumult; public disturbance;

riot.</def>



<q>When ye shall hear of wars and <qex>commotions</qex>.</q>

<qau>Luke xxi. 9.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Agitation, perturbation, or disorder, of mind;

heat; excitement.</def> \'bdHe could not debate anything without

some <xex>commotion</xex>.\'b8



<au>Clarendon.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Excitement; agitation; perturbation; disturbance;

tumult; disorder; violence.</syn>



<hw>Com*move"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>inp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Commoved</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Commoving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>commovere</ets>,

<ets>commotum</ets>; <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>movere</ets> to

move.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To urge; to persuade; to

incite.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To put in motion; to disturb; to unsettle.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Straight the sands,

<qex>Commoved</qex> around, in gathering eddies play.</q>

<qau>Thomson.</qau>



<hw>Com"mu*nal</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>communal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to a

commune.</def>



<hw>Com"mu*nal*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A French

theory of government which holds that commune should be a kind of

independent state, and the national government a confederation of

such states, having only limited powers. It is advocated by

advanced French republicans; but it should not be confounded with

communism.</def>



<hw>Com"mu*nal*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>communaliste</ets>.]</ety> <def>An advocate of

communalism.</def>



<hw>Com`mu*nal*is"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to communalism.</def>



<hw>Com*mune"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Communed</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Communing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>communier</ets>,

fr. L. <ets>communicare</ets> to communicate, fr.

<ets>communis</ets> common. See <er>Common</er>, and cf.

<er>Communicate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To converse

together with sympathy and confidence; to interchange sentiments

or feelings; to take counsel.</def>



<q>I would <qex>commune</qex> with you of such things

That want no ear but yours.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To receive the communion; to partake of the

eucharist or Lord's supper.</def>



<q>To <qex>commune</qex> under both kinds.</q>

<qau>Bp. Burnet.</qau>



<cs><mcol><col>To commune with one's self</col> <or/ <col>one's

heart</col></mcol>, <cd>to think; to reflect; to

meditate.</cd></cs>



<hw>Com"mune</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Communion;

sympathetic intercourse or conversation between friends.</def>



<q>For days of happy <qex>commune</qex> dead.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Com"mune</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.

<ets>commun</ets>. See <er>Common</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The commonalty; the common people.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<q>In this struggle -- to use the technical words of the time --

of the \'bd<qex>commune</qex>\'b8, the general mass of the

inhabitants, against the \'bdprudhommes\'b8 or \'bdwiser\'b8

few.</q>

<qau>J. R. Green.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A small terrotorial district in France under the

government of a mayor and municipal council; also, the

inhabitants, or the government, of such a district. See

<er>Arrondissement</er>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Absolute municipal self-government.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>The Commune of Paris</col>, <or/ <col>The

Commune</col></mcol> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The government established

in Paris (1792-94) by a usurpation of supreme power on the part

of representatives chosen by the communes; the period of its

continuance is known as the \'bdReign of Terror.\'b8</cd>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The revolutionary government, modeled on the

commune of 1792, which the communists, so called, attempted to

establish in 1871.</cd></cs>



<hw>Com*mu`ni*ca*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>communicabilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The

quality of being communicable; capability of being

imparted.</def>



<hw>Com*mu"ni*ca*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>communicable</ets>, LL. <ets>communicabilis</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Capable of being communicated, or imparted;

<as>as, a <ex>communicable</ex> disease; <ex>communicable</ex>

knowledge.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Communicative; free-speaking.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



-- <wordforms><wf>Com*mu"ni*ca*ble*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos> --

<wf>Com*mu"ni*ca"bly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Com*mu"ni*cant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>communicans</ets>, p. pr.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who

partakes of, or is entitled to partake of, the sacrament of the

Lord's supper; a church member.</def>



<q>A never-failing monthly <qex>communicant</qex>.</q>

<qau>Atterbury.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who communicates.</def>



<au>Foxe.</au>



<hw>Com*mu"ni*cant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Communicating.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Coleridge.</au>



<hw>Com*mu"ni*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Communicated</er>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Communicating</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[L. <ets>communicatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>communicare</ets>

to communicate, fr. <ets>communis</ets> common. See

<er>Commune</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

share in common; to participate in.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>To thousands that <qex>communicate</qex> our loss.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To impart; to convey; <as>as, to

<ex>communicate</ex> a disease or a sensation; to

<ex>communicate</ex> motion by means of a crank.</as></def>



<q>Where God is worshiped, there he <qex>communicates</qex> his

blessings and holy influences.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To make known; to recount; to give; to impart;

<as>as, to <ex>communicate</ex> information to any

one</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To administer the communion to.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>She [the church] . . . may <qex>communicate</qex> him.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<note><hand/ This verb was formerly followed by <xex>with</xex>

before the person receiving, but now usually takes <xex>to</xex>

after it.</note>



<q>He <qex>communicated</qex> those thoughts only with the Lord

Digby.</q>

<qau>Clarendon.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To impart; bestow; confer; reveal; disclose; tell;

announce; recount; make known.</syn> <usage> -- To

<er>Communicate</er>, <er>Impart</er>, <er>Reveal</er>.

<xex>Communicate</xex> is the more general term, and denotes the

allowing of others to partake or enjoy in common with ourselves.

<xex>Impart</xex> is more specific. It is giving to others a part

of what we had held as our own, or making them our partners; as,

to <xex>impart</xex> our feelings; to <xex>impart</xex> of our

property, etc. Hence there is something more intimate in

<xex>imparting</xex> intelligence than in

<xex>communicating</xex> it. To <xex>reveal</xex> is to disclose

something hidden or concealed; as, to <xex>reveal</xex> a

secret.</usage>



<hw>Com*mu"ni*cate</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

share or participate; to possess or enjoy in common; to have

sympathy.</def>



<q>Ye did <qex>communicate</qex> with my affliction.</q>

<qau>Philip. iv. 4.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To give alms, sympathy, or aid.</def>



<q>To do good and to <qex>communicate</qex> forget not.</q>

<qau>Heb. xiii. 16.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To have intercourse or to be the means of

intercourse; <as>as, to <ex>communicate</ex> with another on

business</as>; to be connected; <as>as, a <ex>communicating</ex>

artery</as>.</def>



<q>Subjects suffered to <qex>communicate</qex> and to have

intercourse of traffic.</q>

<qau>Hakluyt.</qau>



<q>The whole body is nothing but a system of such canals, which

all <qex>communicate</qex> with one another.</q>

<qau>Arbutnot.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To partake of the Lord's supper; to

commune.</def>



<q>The primitive Christians <qex>communicated</qex> every

day.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<hw>Com*mu`ni*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>communicatio</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or fact

of communicating; <as>as, <ex>communication</ex> of smallpox;

<ex>communication</ex> of a secret.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Intercourse by words, letters, or messages;

interchange of thoughts or opinions, by conference or other

means; conference; correspondence.</def>



<q>Argument . . . and friendly <qex>communication</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Association; company.</def>



<q>Evil <qex>communications</qex> corrupt manners.</q>

<qau>1 Cor. xv. 33.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Means of communicating; means of passing from

place to place; a connecting passage; connection.</def>



<q>The Euxine Sea is conveniently situated for trade, by the

<qex>communication</qex> it has both with Asia and Europe.</q>

<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>That which is communicated or imparted;

intelligence; news; a verbal or written message.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Participation in the Lord's supper.</def>



<au>Bp. Pearson.</au>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A trope, by which a speaker

assumes that his hearer is a partner in his sentiments, and says

<xex>we</xex>, instead of <xex>I</xex> or <xex>you</xex>.</def>



<au>Beattie.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Correspondence; conference; intercourse.</syn>



<hw>Com*mu"ni*ca*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>Communicatif</ets>, LL. <ets>communicativus</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Inclined to communicate; ready to impart to others.</def>



<q>Determine, for the future, to be less

<qex>communicative</qex>.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<hw>Com*mu"ni*ca*tive*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality

of being communicative.</def>



<au>Norris.</au>



<hw>Com*mu"ni*ca`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who communicates.</def>



<au>Boyle.</au>



<hw>Com*mu"ni*ca"to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>communicatorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Imparting knowledge or

information.</def>



<q>Canonical and <qex>communicatory</qex> letters.</q>

<qau>Barrow.</qau>



<hw>Com*mun"ion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>communio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>communion</ets>. See

<er>Common</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of sharing;

community; participation.</def> \'bdThis <xex>communion</xex> of

goods.\'b8



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Intercourse between two or more persons; esp.,

intimate association and intercourse implying sympathy and

confidence; interchange of thoughts, purposes, etc.; agreement;

fellowship; <as>as, the <ex>communion</ex> of saints</as>.</def>



<q>We are naturally induced to seek <qex>communion</qex> and

fellowship with others.</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<q>What <qex>communion</qex> hath light with darkness?</q>

<qau>2 Cor. vi. 14.</qau>



<q>Bare <qex>communion with a good church can never alone make a

good man</qex>.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A body of Christians having one common faith and

discipline; <as>as, the Presbyterian

<ex>communion</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The sacrament of the eucharist; the celebration

of the Lord's supper; the act of partaking of the sacrament;

<as>as, to go to <ex>communion</ex>; to partake of the

<ex>communion</ex>.</as></def>



<cs><col>Close communion</col>. <cd>See under <er>Close</er>,

<pos>a.</pos></cd> -- <col>Communion elements</col>, <cd>the

bread and wine used in the celebration of the Lord's supper.</cd>

-- <col>Communion service</col>, <cd>the celebration of the

Lord's supper, or the office or service therefor.</cd> --

<col>Communion table</col>, <cd>the table upon which the elements

are placed at the celebration of the Lord's supper.</cd> --

<col>Communion in both kinds</col>, <cd>participation in both the

bread and wine by all communicants.</cd> -- <col>Communion in one

kind</col>, <cd>participation in but one element, as in the Roman

Catholic Church, where the laity partake of the bread

only.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Share; participation; fellowship; converse;

intercourse; unity; concord; agreement.</syn>



<hw>Com"mu*nism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>communisme</ets>, fr. <ets>commun</ets> common.]</ety>

<def>A scheme of equalizing the social conditions of life;

specifically, a scheme which contemplates the abolition of

inequalities in the possession of property, as by distributing

all wealth equally to all, or by holding all wealth in common for

the equal use and advantage of all.</def>



<note><hand/ At different times, and in different countries,

various schemes pertaining to socialism in government and the

conditions of domestic life, as well as in the distribution of

wealth, have been called <xex>communism</xex>.</note>



<hw>Com"mu*nist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>communiste</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An advocate for

the theory or practice of communism.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A supporter of the commune of Paris.</def>



<hw>Com`mu*nis"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Of or pertaining to communism or communists; <as>as,

<ex>communistic</ex> theories</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Living or having their

nests in common, as certain birds.</def>



<hw>Com*mu"ni*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Communities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L.

<ets>communitas</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>communit\'82</ets>. Cf.

<er>Commonalty</er>, and see <er>Common</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Common possession or enjoyment; participation; <as>as, a

<ex>community</ex> of goods</as>.</def>



<q>The original <qex>community</qex> of all things.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<q>An unreserved <qex>community</qex> of thought and feeling.</q>

<qau>W. Irwing.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A body of people having common rights,

privileges, or interests, or living in the same place under the

same laws and regulations; <as>as, a <ex>community</ex> of

monks</as>. Hence a number of animals living in a common home or

with some apparent association of interests.</def>



<q>Creatures that in <qex>communities</qex> exist.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Society at large; a commonwealth or state; a

body politic; the public, or people in general.</def>



<q>Burdens upon the poorer classes of the

<qex>community</qex>.</q>

<qau>Hallam.</qau>



<note><hand/ In this sense, the term should be used with the

definite article; as, the interests of <xex>the</xex>

community.</note>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Common character; likeness.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>The essential <qex>community</qex> of nature between organic

growth and inorganic growth.</q>

<qau>H. Spencer.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Commonness; frequency.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Eyes . . . sick and blunted with <qex>community</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Com*mu`ta*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality of being commutable.</def>



<hw>Com*mut"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>commutabilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being commuted or

interchanged.</def>



<q>The predicate and subject are not <qex>commutable</qex>.</q>

<qau>Whately.</qau>



<hw>Com*mut"a*ble*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of

being commutable; interchangeableness.</def>



<hw>Com`mu*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>commutatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>commutation</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A passing from one state to another; change;

alteration; mutation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>So great is the <qex>commutation</qex> that the soul then

hated only that which now only it loves.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of giving one thing for another; barter;

exchange.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The use of money is . . . that of saving the

<qex>commutation</qex> of more bulky commodities.</q>

<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The change of a penalty or

punishment by the pardoning power of the State; <as>as, the

<ex>commutation</ex> of a sentence of death to banishment or

imprisonment</as>.</def>



<q>Suits are allowable in the spiritual courts for money agreed

to be given as a <qex>commutation</qex> for penance.</q>

<qau>Blackstone.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A substitution, as of a less thing for a

greater, esp. a substitution of one form of payment for another,

or one payment for many, or a specific sum of money for

conditional payments or allowances; <as>as, <ex>commutation</ex>

of tithes; <ex>commutation</ex> of fares; <ex>commutation</ex> of

copyright; <ex>commutation</ex> of rations.</as></def>



<cs><col>Angle of commutation</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the

difference of the geocentric longitudes of the sun and a

planet.</cd> -- <col>Commutation of tithes</col>, <cd>the

substitution of a regular payment, chargeable to the land, for

the annual tithes in kind.</cd> -- <col>Commutation ticket</col>,

<cd>a ticket, as for transportation, which is the evidence of a

contract for service at a reduced rate. See 2d <er>Commute</er>,

2.</cd></cs>



<hw>Com*mut"a*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[CF. F.

<ets>commutatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Relative to exchange;

interchangeable; reciprocal.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Com*mut"a*tive"ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<q>Rich traders, from their success, are presumed . . . to have

cultivated an habitual regard to <qex>commutative</qex>

justice.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<hw>Com"mu*ta`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>A piece of apparatus used for reversing

the direction of an electrical current; an attachment to certain

electrical machines, by means of which alternating currents are

made to be continuous or to have the same direction.</def>



<hw>Com*mute"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Commuted</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Commuting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>commutare</ets>, <ets>-mutatum</ets>; <ets>com-</ets> +

<ets>mutare</ets> to change. See <er>Mutation</er>.]</ety>

<def>To exchange; to put or substitute something else in place

of, as a smaller penalty, obligation, or payment, for a greater,

or a single thing for an aggregate; hence; to lessen; to

diminish; <as>as, to <ex>commute</ex> a sentence of death to one

of imprisonment for life; to <ex>commute</ex> tithes; to

<ex>commute</ex> charges for fares.</as></def>



<q>The sounds water and fire, being once annexed to those two

elements, it was certainly more natural to call beings

participating of the first \'bdwatery\'b8, and the last

\'bdfiery\'b8, than to <qex>commute</qex> the terms, and call

them by the reverse.</q>

<qau>J. Harris</qau>



<q>The utmost that could be obtained was that her sentence should

be <qex>commuted</qex> from burning to beheading.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Com*mute"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To obtain

or bargain for exemption or substitution; to effect a

commutation.</def>



<q>He . . . thinks it unlawful to <qex>commute</qex>, and that he

is bound to pay his vow in kind.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To pay, or arrange to pay, in gross instead of

part by part; <as>as, to <ex>commute</ex> for a year's travel

over a route</as>.</def>



<hw>Com*mut"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

commutes; especially, one who commutes in traveling.</def>



<hw>Com*mu"tu*al</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>mutual</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Mutual; reciprocal; united.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>There, with <qex>commutual</qex> zeal, we both had strove.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<hw>Co"mose</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>comosus</ets> hairy, from <ets>coma</ets> hair.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Bearing a tuft of soft hairs or down, as

the seeds of milkweed.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>Com*pact"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. p. & a</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>compactus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>compingere</ets> to join or

unite; <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>pangere</ets> to fasten, fix: cf.

F. <ets>compacte</ets>. See <er>Pact</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Joined or held together; leagued; confederated.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Compact</xex> with her that's

gone.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>A pipe of seven reeds, <qex>compact</qex> with wax

together.</q>

<qau>Peacham.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Composed or made; -- with <xex>of</xex>.</def>

<mark>[Poetic]</mark>



<q>A wandering fire,

<qex>Compact</qex> of unctuous vapor.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Closely or firmly united, as the particles of

solid bodies; firm; close; solid; dense.</def>



<q>Glass, crystal, gems, and other <qex>compact</qex> bodies.</q>

<qau>Sir I. Newton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Brief; close; pithy; not diffuse; not verbose;

<as>as, a <ex>compact</ex> discourse</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Firm; close; solid; dense; pithy; sententious.</syn>



<hw>Com*pact"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Compacted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Compacting</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To thrust,

drive, or press closely together; to join firmly; to consolidate;

to make close; -- as the parts which compose a body.</def>



<q>Now the bright sun <qex>compacts</qex> the precious stone.</q>

<qau>Blackstone.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To unite or connect firmly, as in a

system.</def>



<q>The whole body fitly joined together and <qex>compacted</qex>

by that which every joint supplieth.</q>

<qau>Eph. iv. 16.</qau>



<hw>Com"pact</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>compactum</ets>, fr. <ets>compacisci</ets>, p. p.

<ets>compactus</ets>, to make an agreement with; <ets>com-</ets>

+ <ets>pacisci</ets> to make an agreement. See

<er>Pact</er>.]</ety> <def>An agreement between parties; a

covenant or contract.</def>



<q>The law of nations depends on mutual <qex>compacts</qex>,

treaties, leagues, etc.</q>

<qau>Blackstone.</qau>



<q>Wedlock is described as the indissoluble

<qex>compact</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<q>The federal constitution has been styled a <qex>compact</qex>

between the States by which it was ratified.</q>

<qau>Wharton.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Covenant</er>.</syn>



<hw>Com*pact"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Compact;

pressed close; concentrated; firmly united.</def>



<hw>Com*pact"ed*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a compact

manner.</def>



<hw>Com*pact"ed*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A state of being

compact.</def>



<hw>Com*pact"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

makes a compact.</def>



<hw>Com*pact"i*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That may

be compacted.</def>



<hw>Com*pac"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>compactio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of making compact, or

the state of being compact.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Com*pact"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

compact manner; with close union of parts; densely;

tersely.</def>



<hw>Com*pact"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or quality

of being compact; close union of parts; density.</def>



<hw>Com*pac"ture</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>compactura</ets>.]</ety> <def>Close union or connection of

parts; manner of joining; construction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

\'bdWith comely compass and <xex>compacture</xex> strong.\'b8



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>\'d8Com*pa"ges</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. sing & pl.</pos>

<ety>[L., fr. <ets>compingere</ets>. See <er>Compact</er>,

<pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>A system or structure of many parts

united.</def>



<q>A regular <qex>compages</qex> of pipes and vessels.</q>

<qau>Ray.</qau>



<hw>Com*pag"i*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>compaginare</ets>, <ets>compaginatum</ets>.]</ety> <def>To

unite or hold together; <as>as, the side pieces

<ex>compaginate</ex> the frame</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>W. Montagu.</au>



<hw>Com*pag`i*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>compaginatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Union of parts;

structure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>



<hw>Com"pa*na*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>compaignable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Companionable;

sociable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Com"pa*na`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>companatores</ets>, pl.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>Same

as <er>Impanator</er>.</def>



<hw>Com*pan"i*a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Companionable; sociable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Com*pan"ion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>compagnon</ets>, OF. <ets>compaing</ets>, fr. as assumed LL.

<ets>companio</ets> (cf. <ets>companium</ets> fellowship, a

mess), fr. L. <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>panis</ets> bread. See

<er>Pantry</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who accompanies or

is in company with another for a longer or shorter period, either

from choice or casually; one who is much in the company of, or is

associated with, another or others; an associate; a comrade; a

consort; a partner.</def>



<q>The <qex>companions</qex> of his fall.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>The <qex>companion</qex> of fools shall smart for it.</q>

<qau>Prov. xiii. 20 (Rev. Ver. )</qau>



<q>Here are your sons again; and I must lose

Two of the sweetest <qex>companions</qex> in the world.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>A <qex>companion</qex> is one with whom we share our bread; a

messmate.</q>

<qau>Trench.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A knight of the lowest rank in certain orders;

<as>as, a <ex>companion</ex> of the Bath</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A fellow; -- in contempt.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <ety>[Cf. OSp. <ets>compa\'a4a</ets> an outhouse,

office.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A skylight on

an upper deck with frames and sashes of various shapes, to admit

light to a cabin or lower deck.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A wooden

hood or penthouse covering the companion way; a companion

hatch.</def>



<cs><col>Companion hatch</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a wooden

porch over the entrance or staircase of the cabin.</cd> --

<col>Companion ladder</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the ladder by

which officers ascend to, or descend from, the quarter-deck.</cd>

<au>Totten.</au> -- <col>Companion way</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>,

<cd>a staircase leading to the cabin.</cd> -- <col>Knights

companions</col>, <cd>in certain honorary orders, the members of

the lowest grades as distinguished from knights commanders,

knights grand cross, and the like.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Associate; comrade; mate; compeer; partner; ally;

confederate; coadjutor; accomplice.</syn>



<hw>Com*pan"ion</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To be a

companion to; to attend on; to accompany.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Ruskin.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To qualify as a companion; to make equal.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q><qex>Companion</qex> me with my mistress.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Com*pan"ion*a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Fitted to be a companion; fit for good fellowship;

agreeable; sociable.</def> \'bdEach <xex>companionable</xex>

guest.\'b8 <au>Mallett.</au> \'bd<xex>Companionable</xex>

wit.\'b8 <au>Clarendon.</au>



-- <wordforms><wf>Com*pan"ion*a*ble*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos> --

<wf>Com*pan"ion*a*bly</wf>, adv.</wordforms>



<hw>Com*pan"ion*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without a

companion.</def>



<hw>Com*pan"ion*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Fellowship;

association; the act or fact of keeping company with any

one.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>He never seemed to avail himself of my sympathy other than by

mere <qex>companionship</qex>.</q>

<qau>W. Irwing</qau>



<hw>Com"pa*ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Companies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[F.

<ets>compagnie</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>compaing</ets>. See

<er>Companion</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The state of being a

companion or companions; the act of accompaying; fellowship;

companionship; society; friendly intercourse.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>Evil <qex>company</qex> doth corrupt good manners.</q>

<qau>1 Cor. xv. 33. (Rev. Ver. ).</qau>



<q>Brethren, farewell: your <qex>company</qex> along

I will not wish.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A companion or companions.</def>



<q>To thee and thy <qex>company</qex> I bid

A hearty welcome.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An assemblage or association of persons, either

permanent or transient.</def>



<q>Thou shalt meet a <qex>company</qex> of prophets.</q>

<qau>1 Sam. x. 5.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Guests or visitors, in distinction from the

members of a family; <as>as, to invite <ex>company</ex> to

dine</as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Society, in general; people assembled for social

intercourse.</def>



<q>Nature has left every man a capacity of being agreeable,

though not of shining in <qex>company</qex>.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>An association of persons for the purpose of

carrying on some enterprise or business; a corporation; a firm;

<as>as, the East India <ex>Company</ex>; an insurance

<ex>company</ex>; a joint-stock <ex>company</ex>.</as></def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Partners in a firm whose names are not mentioned

in its style or title; -- often abbreviated in writing; <as>as,

Hottinguer & <ex>Co</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A subdivision of a regiment of

troops under the command of a captain, numbering in the United

States (full strength) 100 men.</def>



<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The crew of a ship, including

the officers; <as>as, a whole ship's <ex>company</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>10.</sn> <def>The body of actors employed in a theater or in

the production of a play.</def>



<cs><col>To keep company with</col>. <cd>See under <er>Keep</er>,

<pos>v. t.</pos></cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Assemblage; assembly; society; group; assembly;

society; group; circle; crowd; troop; crew; gang; corporation;

association; fraternity; guild; partnership; copartnery; union;

club; party; gathering.</syn>



<hw>Com"pa*ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Companied</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Companying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To accompany or go with;

to be companion to.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Com"pa*ny</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

associate.</def>



<q>Men which have <qex>companied</qex> with us all the time.</q>

<qau>Acts i. 21.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be a gay companion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To have sexual commerce.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<hw>Com"pa*ra*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>comparabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>comparable</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Capable of being compared; worthy of comparison.</def>



<q>There is no blessing of life <qex>comparable</qex> to the

enjoyment of a discreet and virtuous friend.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



-- <wordforms><wf>Com"pa*ra*ble*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos> --

<wf>Com"pa*ra*bly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Com"pa*rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>comparatum</ets>, fr. <ets>comparatus</ets>, p. p. of

<ets>comparare</ets>. See 1st <er>Compare</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>One of two things compared

together.</def>



<hw>Com`pa*ra"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>comparatio</ets>. See <er>Compare</er> to get.]</ety> <def>A

making ready; provision.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Com*par"a*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>comparativus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>comparatif</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to comparison.</def> \'bdThe

<xex>comparative</xex> faculty.\'b8



<au>Granvill.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Proceeding from, or by the method of,

comparison; <as>as, the <ex>comparative</ex> anatomy</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Estimated by comparison; relative; not positive

or absolute, as compared with another thing or state.</def>



<q>The recurrence of <qex>comparative</qex> warmth and cold.</q>

<qau>Whewell.</qau>



<q>The bubble, by reason of its <qex>comparative</qex> levity to

the fluid that incloses it, would necessarily ascend to the

top.</q>

<qau>Bentley.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Expressing a degree greater

or less than the positive degree of the quality denoted by an

adjective or adverb. The comparative degree is formed from the

positive by the use of -<xex>er</xex>, <xex>more</xex>, or

<xex>less</xex>; <as>as, brighter, <ex>more</ex> bright, or

<ex>less</ex> bright</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Comparative sciences</col>, <cd>those which are based on

a comprehensive comparison of the range of objects or facts in

any branch or department, and which aim to study out and treat of

the fundamental laws or systems of relation pervading them; as,

<xex>comparative anatomy<xex>, <xex>comparative physiology<xex>,

<xex>comparative philology<xex>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Com*par"a*tive</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Gram.)</fld>

<def>The comparative degree of adjectives and adverbs; also, the

form by which the comparative degree is expressed; <as>as,

<ex>stronger</ex>, <ex>wiser</ex>, <ex>weaker</ex>, <ex>wore

stormy</ex>, <ex>less windy</ex>, are all

<ex>comparatives</ex></as>.</def>



<q>In <qex>comparatives</qex> is expressed a relation of two; as

in superlatives there is a relation of many.</q>

<qau><?/ngus.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An equal; a rival; a compeer.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Gerard ever was

His full <qex>comparative</qex>.</q>

<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>One who makes comparisons; one who affects

wit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdEvery beardless vain

<xex>comparative</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Com*par"a*tive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>According to

estimate made by comparison; relatively; not positively or

absolutely.</def>



<q>With but <qex>comparatively</qex> few exceptions.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<hw>Com"pa*ra`tor</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L., a comparater.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An

instrument or machine for comparing anything to be measured with

a standard measure; -- applied especially to a machine for

comparing standards of length.</def>



<hw>Com*pare"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Compared</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Comparing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.<ets>comparare</ets>,

fr. <ets>compar</ets> like or equal to another; <ets>com-</ets> +

<ets>par</ets> equal: cf. F. <ets>comparer</ets>. See

<er>Pair</er>, <er>Peer</er> an equal, and cf.

<er>Compeer</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To examine the

character or qualities of, as of two or more persons or things,

for the purpose of discovering their resemblances or differences;

to bring into comparison; to regard with discriminating

attention.</def>



<q><qex>Compare</qex> dead happiness with living woe.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>The place he found beyond expression bright,

<qex>Compared</qex> with aught on earth.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q><qex>Compare</qex> our faces and be judge yourself.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>To <qex>compare</qex> great things with small.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To represent as similar, for the purpose of

illustration; to liken.</def>



<q>Solon <qex>compared</qex> the people unto the sea, and orators

and counselors to the winds; for that the sea would be calm and

quiet if the winds did not trouble it.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>To inflect according to the

degrees of comparison; to state positive, comparative, and

superlative forms of; as, most adjectives of one syllable are

<ex>compared</ex> by affixing \'bd-er\'b8 and \'bd-est\'b8 to the

positive form; <as>as, <ex>black</ex>, <ex>blacker</ex>,

<ex>blackest</ex></as>; those of more than one syllable are

usually <xex>compared</xex> by prefixing \'bdmore\'b8 and

\'bdmost\'b8, or \'bdless\'b8 and \'bdleast\'b8, to the positive;

<as>as, <ex>beautiful</ex>, <ex>more beautiful</ex>, <ex>most

beautiful</ex></as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Compare</er>, <er>Compare with</er>,

<er>Compare to</er>.</syn> <usage> Things are compared

<xex>with</xex> each other in order to learn their relative value

or excellence. Thus we compare Cicero <xex>with</xex>

Demosthenes, for the sake of deciding which was the greater

orator. One thing is compared <xex>to</xex> another because of a

real or fanciful likeness or similarity which exists between

them. Thus it has been common to compare the eloquence of

Demosthenes <xex>to</xex> a thunderbolt, on account of its force,

and the eloquence of Cicero <xex>to</xex> a conflagration, on

account of its splendor. Burke compares the parks of London

<xex>to</xex> the lungs of the human body.</usage>



<hw>Com*pare"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To be like or equal; to admit, or be worthy of, comparison;

<as>as, his later work does not <ex>compare</ex> with his

earlier</as>.</def>



<q>I should <qex>compare</qex> with him in excellence.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To vie; to assume a likeness or equality.</def>



<q>Shall pack horses . . . <qex>compare</qex> with C\'91sars?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Com*pare"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Comparison.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>His mighty champion, strong beyond <qex>compare</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>Their small galleys may not hold <qex>compare</qex>

With our tall ships.</q>

<qau>Waller.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Illustration by comprison; simile.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Rhymes full of protest, of oath, and big

<qex>compare</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>Beyond compare</col>. <cd>See <cref>Beyond

comparison</cref>, under <er>Comparison</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Com*pare"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>comparare</ets> to prepare, procure; <ets>com-</ets> +

<ets>parare</ets>. See <er>Prepare</er>, <er>Parade</er>.]</ety>

<def>To get; to procure; to obtain; to acquire</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>To fill his bags, and richesse to <qex>compare</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Com*par"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

compares.</def>



<hw>Com*par"i*son</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F. <ets>comparaison</ets>, L. <ets>comparatio</ets>. See

1st <er>Compare</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

comparing; an examination of two or more objects with the view of

discovering the resemblances or differences; relative

estimate.</def>



<q>As sharp legal practitioners, no class of human beings can

bear <qex>comparison</qex> with them.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<q>The miracles of our Lord and those of the Old Testament afford

many interesting points of <qex>comparison</qex>.</q>

<qau>Trench.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being compared; a relative

estimate; also, a state, quality, or relation, admitting of being

compared; <as>as, to bring a thing into <ex>comparison</ex> with

another; there is no <ex>comparison</ex> between them.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>That to which, or with which, a thing is

compared, as being equal or like; illustration; similitude.</def>



<q>Whereto shall we liken the kingdom of God? Or with what

<qex>comparison</qex> shall we compare it?</q>

<qau>Mark iv. 30.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The modification, by

inflection or otherwise, which the adjective and adverb undergo

to denote degrees of quality or quantity; <as>as,

<ex>little</ex>, <ex>less</ex>, <ex>least</ex>, are examples of

<ex>comparison</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure by which one person

or thing is compared to another, or the two are considered with

regard to some property or quality, which is common to them both;

<xex>e</xex>.<xex>g</xex>., the lake sparkled like a jewel.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Phren.)</fld> <def>The faculty of the

reflective group which is supposed to perceive resemblances and

contrasts.</def>



<cs><col>Beyond comparison</col>, <cd>so far superior as to have

no likeness, or so as to make comparison needless.</cd> --

<mcol><col>In comparison of</col>, <col>In comparison

with</col></mcol>, <cd>as compared with; in proportion to.

<mark>[Archaic]</mark> \'bdSo miserably unpeopled <xex>in

comparison of<xex> what it once was.\'b8</cd></cs>

<au>Addison.</au> -- <col>Comparison of hands</col>

<fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a mode of proving or disproving the

genuineness of a signature or writing by comparing it with

another proved or admitted to be genuine, in order to ascertain

whether both were written by the same person.</cd> <au>Bouvier.

Burrill.</au>



<hw>Com*par"i*son</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To compare.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Wyclif.</au>



<hw>Com*part"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Comparted</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Comparting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>compartiri</ets>; <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>partiri</ets>,

<ets>partire</ets> to share, <ets>pars</ets>, <ets>partis</ets>,

part, share: cf. OF. <ets>compartir</ets>. See <er>Part</er>,

<pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>To divide; to mark out into parts or

subdivisions.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>The crystal surface is <qex>comparted</qex> all

In niches verged with rubies.</q>

<qau>Glover.</qau>



<hw>Com`par*ti"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>compartitio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of dividing into

parts or compartments; division; also, a division or

compartment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Their temples . . . needed no <qex>compartitions</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir H. Wotton.</qau>



<hw>Com*part"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>compartiment</ets>, OF. <ets>compartir</ets> to divide. See

<er>Compart</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One of the parts into

which an inclosed portion of space is divided, as by partitions,

or lines; <as>as, the <ex>compartments</ex> of a cabinet, a

house, or a garden</as>.</def>



<q>In the midst was placed a large <qex>compartment</qex>

composed of grotesque work.</q>

<qau>Carew.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>One of the sections

into which the hold of a ship is divided by water-tight

bulkheads.</def>



<hw>Com*part"ner</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Copartner</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Com"pass</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>compas</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>compassus</ets> circle, prop., a

stepping together; <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>passus</ets> pace,

step. See <er>Pace</er>, <er>Pass</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

passing round; circuit; circuitous course.</def>



<q>They fetched a <qex>compass</qex> of seven day's journey.</q>

<qau>2 Kings iii. 9.</qau>



<q>This day I breathed first; time is come round,

And where I did begin, there shall I end;

My life is run his <qex>compass</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An inclosing limit; boundary; circumference;

<as>as, within the <ex>compass</ex> of an encircling

wall</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An inclosed space; an area; extent.</def>



<q>Their wisdom . . . lies in a very narrow

<qex>compass</qex>.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<-- p. 289 -->



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Extent; reach; sweep; capacity; sphere; <as>as,

the <ex>compass</ex> of his eye; the <ex>compass</ex> of

imagination.</as></def>



<q>The <qex>compass</qex> of his argument.</q>

<qau>Wodsworth.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Moderate bounds, limits of truth; moderation;

due limits; -- used with <xex>within</xex>.</def>



<q>In two hundred years before (I speak within

<qex>compass</qex>), no such commission had been executed.</q>

<qau>Sir J. Davies.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The range of notes, or tones,

within the capacity of a voice or instument.</def>



<q>You would sound me from my lowest note to the top of my

<qex>compass</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>An instrument for determining directions upon

the carth's surface by means of a magnetized bar or needle

turning freely upon a pivot and pinting in a northerly and

southerly direction.</def>



<q>He that firat discovered the use of the <qex>compass</qex> did

more for the supplying and increase of useful commodities than

those who built workhouses.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>A pair of compasses.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>To fix one foot of their <qex>compass</qex> wherever they

please.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>A circle; a continent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The tryne <qex>compas</qex> [the threefold world containing

earth, sea, and heaven. <au>Skeat</au>.]</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<cs><col>Azimuth compass</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Azimuth</er>.</cd> -- <col>Beam compass</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Beam</er>.</cd> -- <col>Compass card</col>, <cd>the eircular

card attached to the needles of a mariner's compass, on which are

marked the thirty-two points or rhumbs.</cd> -- <col>Compass

dial</col>, <cd>a small pocket compass fitted with a sundial to

tell the hour of the day.</cd> -- <col>Compass plane</col>

<fld>(Carp.)</fld>, <cd>a plane, convex in the direction of its

length on the under side, for smoothing the concave faces of

curved woodwork.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Compass plant</col>,

<col>Compass flower</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant

of the American prairies (<spn>Silphium laciniatum</spn>), not

unlike a small sunflower; rosinweed. Its lower and root leaves

are vertical, and on the prairies are disposed to present their

edges north and south.</cd></cs>



<q>Its leaves are turned to the north as true as the magnet:

This is the <qex>compass flower</qex>.</q>

<qau>Longefellow.</qau>



-- <col>Compass saw</col>, <cd>a saw with a narrow blade, which

will cut in a curve; -- called also <altname>fret saw</altname>

and <altname>keyhole saw</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Compass

timber</col> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld>, <cd>curved or crooked

timber.</cd> -- <col>Compass window</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>,

<cd>a circular bay window or oriel window. It has two or more

magnetic needles permanently attached to a card, which moves

freely upon a pivot, and is read with reference to a mark on the

box representing the ship's head. The card is divided into

thirty-two points, called also <xex>rhumbs</xex>, and the

glass-covered box or bowl containing it is suspended in gimbals

within the binnacle, in order to preserve its horizontal

position.</cd> -- <col>Surveyor's compass</col>, <cd>an

instrument used in surveying for measuring horizontal angles. See

<er>Circumferentor</er>.</cd> -- <col>Variation compass</col>,

<cd>a compass of delicate construction, used in observations on

the variations of the needle.</cd> -- <col>To fetch a

compass</col>, <cd>to make a circuit.</cd>



<hw>Com"pass</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Compassed</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Compassing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>compasser</ets>,

LL. <ets>compassare</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To go about or

entirely round; to make the circuit of.</def>



<q>Ye shall <qex>compass</qex> the city seven times.</q>

<qau>Josh. vi. 4.</qau>



<q>We the globe can <qex>compass</qex> soon.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To inclose on all sides; to surround; to

encircle; to envior; to invest; to besiege; -- used with

<xex>about</xex>, <xex>round</xex>, <xex>around</xex>, and

<xex>round about</xex>.</def>



<q>With terrors and with clamors <qex>compassed</qex> round.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>Now all the blessings</q>



<q>Of a glad cast a trench about thee, and <qex>compass</qex>

thee round.uke xix. 43.</q>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To reach round; to circumvent; to get within

one's power; to obtain; to accomplish.</def>



<q>If I can chek my erring love, I will:

If not, to <qex>compass</qex> her I'll use my skill.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>How can you to <qex>compass</qex> your designs?</q>

<qau>Denham.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To curve; to bend into a circular form.</def>

<mark>[Obs. except in carpentry and shipbuilding.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To purpose; to intend; to

imagine; to plot.</def>



<q><qex>Compassing</qex> and <qex>imagining</qex> the death of

the king are synonymous terms; <qex>compassing</qex> signifying

the purpose or design of the mind or will, and not, as in common

speech, the carrying such design to effect.</q>

<qau>Blackstone.</qau>



<hw>Com"pass*a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of being compassed or accomplished.</def>



<au>Burke.</au>



<hw>Com"passed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Rounded;

arched.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>She came . . . into the <qex>compassed</qex> window.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Com"pass*es</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>,

<pluf>pl.</pluf>  <def>An instrument for describing circles,

measuring figures, etc., consisting of two, or (rarely) more,

pointed branches, or legs, usually joined at the top by a rivet

on which they move.</def>



<note><hand/ The compasses for drawing circles have adjustable

pen points, pencil points, etc.; those used for measuring without

adjustable points are generally called <xex>dividers</xex>. See

<er>Dividers</er>.</note>



<cs><col>Bow compasses</col>. <cd>See <er>Bow-compass</er>.</cd>

-- <mcol><col>Caliber compasses</col>, <col>Caliper

compasses</col></mcol>. <cd>See <er>Calipers</er>.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Proportional</col>, <col>Triangular</col>, etc.,

<col>compasses</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Proportional</er>,

etc.</cd></cs>



<hw>Com"pass*ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>Curved; bent; <as>as,

<ex>compassing</ex> timbers</as>.</def>



<hw>Com*pas"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.

L. <ets>compassio</ets>, fr. <ets>compati</ets> to have

compassion; <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>pati</ets> to bear, suffer.

See <er>Patient</er>.]</ety> <def>Literally, suffering with

another; a sensation of sorrow excited by the distress or

misfortunes of another; pity; commiseration.</def>



<q>Womanly igenuity set to work by womanly

<qex>compassion</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Pity; sympathy; commiseration; fellow-feeling;

mercy; condolence. See <er>Pity</er>.</syn>



<hw>Com*pas"sion</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To pity.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Com*pas"sion*a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Deserving compassion or pity; pitiable.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Barrow.</au>



<hw>Com*pas"sion*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Having a temper or disposition to pity; sympathetic;

merciful.</def>



<q>There never was any heart truly great and generous, that was

not also tender and <qex>compassionate</qex>.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Complaining; inviting pity; pitiable.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Sympathizing; tender; merciful; pitiful.</syn>



<hw>Com*pas"sion*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p</pos>. <er>Compassionated</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Compassionating</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To have compassion for; to pity;

to commiserate; to sympathize with.</def>



<q><qex>Compassionates</qex> my pains, and pities me.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<hw>Com*pas"sion*ate*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>In a compassionate manner; mercifully.</def>



<au>Clarendon.</au>



<hw>Com*pas"sion*ate*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or

state of being compassionate.</def>



<hw>Com"pass*less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no

compass.</def>



<au>Knowles.</au>



<hw>Com`pa*ter"ni*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>compaternitas</ets>, fr. <ets>compater</ets> godfather;

<ets>com-</ets> + <ets>pater</ets> father.]</ety> <def>The

relation of a godfather to a person.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The relation of gossipred or <qex>compaternity</qex> by the

cannon law is a spiritual affinity.</q>

<qau>Sir J. Da<?/ies.</qau>



<hw>Com*pat`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>compatibilit<?/</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or power

of being compatible or congruous; congruity; <as>as, a

<ex>compatibility</ex> of tempers; a <ex>compatibility</ex> of

properties.</as></def>



<hw>Com*pat"i*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.

LL.<ets>compatibilis</ets>, fr. L. <ets>compati</ets>. See

<er>Compassion</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of existing in harmony;

congruous; suitable; not repugnant; -- usually followed by

<xex>with</xex>.</def>



<q>Our poets have joined together such qualities as are by nature

the most <qex>compatible</qex>.</q>

<qau>Broome.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Consistent; suitable; agreeable; accordant.</syn>



<hw>Com*pat"i*ble*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Compatibility;

consistency; fitness; agreement.</def>



<hw>Com*pat"i*bly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a compatible

manner.</def>



<hw>Comm*pa"tient</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>compatients</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>compati</ets>. See

<er>Compassion</er>.]</ety> <def>Suffering or enduring

together.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir G. Buck.</au>



<hw>Com*pa"tri*ot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>compatriote</ets>, LL. <ets>compatriotus</ets>;

<ets>com-</ets> + <ets>patriota</ets> a native. See

<er>Patriot</er>, and cf. <er>Copatriot</er>.]</ety> <def>One of

the same country, and having like interests and feeling.</def>



<q>The distrust with which they felt themselves to be regarded by

their <qex>compatriots</qex> in America.</q>

<qau>Palfrey.</qau>



<hw>Com*pa"tri*ot</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of the same country;

having a common sentiment of patriotism.</def>



<q>She [Britain] rears to freedom an undaunted race,

<qex>Compatriot</qex>, zealous, hospitable, kind.</q>

<qau>Thomson.</qau>



<hw>Com*pa"tri*ot*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

condition of being compatriots.</def>



<hw>Com*pear"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>comparior</ets>, L. <ets>compar<?/re</ets>; <ets>com-</ets>

+ <ets>par<?/re</ets> to appear.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

appear.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To appear in court personally

or by attorney.</def> <mark>[Scot]</mark>



<hw>Com*peer"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <ety>[OE. <ets>comper</ets>,

through French fr. L. <ets>compar</ets>; <ets>com-</ets> +

<ets>par</ets> equal. See <er>Peer</er> an equal, and cf. 1st

<er>Compare</er>.]</ety> <def>An equal, as in rank, age, prowess,

etc.; a companion; a comrade; a mate.</def>



<q>And him thus answer 'd soon his bold <qex>compeer</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Com*peer"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To be equal with; to

match.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>In my rights,

By me invested, he <qex>compeers</qex> the best.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Com*peer"</hw>, <hw>Com*peir"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

}</mhw> <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>See <er>Conpear</er>.</def>



<hw>Com*pel"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Compelled</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n</pos>

<er>Compelling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>compellere</ets>,

<ets>compilstum</ets>, to drive together, to compel, urge;

<ets>com-</ets> + pellere to drive: cf. OF. <ets>compellir</ets>.

See <er>Pulse</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To drive or urge with

force, or irresistibly; to force; to constrain; to oblige; to

necessitate, either by physical or moral force.</def>



<q>Wolsey . . . <qex>compelled</qex> the people to pay up the

whole subsidy at once.</q>

<qau>Hallam.</qau>



<q>And they <qex>compel</qex> one Simon . . . to bear his

cross.</q>

<qau>Mark xv. 21.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To take by force or violence; to seize; to

exact; to extort.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Commissions, which <qex>compel</qex> from each

The sixth part of his substance.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To force to yield; to overpower; to

subjugate.</def>



<q>Easy sleep their weary limbs <qex>compelled</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>I <qex>compel</qex> all creatures to my will.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To gather or unite in a crowd or company.</def>

<mark>[A Latinism]</mark> \'bdIn one troop

<qex>compelled</qex>.\'b8</q>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To call forth; to summon.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chapman.</au>



<q>She had this knight from far <qex>compelled</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To force; constrain; oblige; necessitate; coerce.

See <er>Coerce</er>.</syn>



<hw>Com*pel"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To make one

yield or submit.</def> \'bdIf she can not entreat, I can not

<xex>compel</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Com*pel"la*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of being compelled or constrained.</def>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<hw>Com*pel"la*bly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>By

compulsion.</def>



<hw>Com`pel*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>compellatio</ets>, fr. <ets>compellare</ets> to accost, fr.

<ets>compellere</ets>. See <er>Compel</er>.]</ety> <def>Style of

address or salutation; an appellation.</def> \'bdMetaphorical

<xex>compellations</xex>.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<q>He useth this endearing <qex>compellation</qex>, \'bdMy little

children.\'b8</q>

<qau>Bp. Beveridge.</qau>



<q>The peculiar <qex>compellation</qex> of the kings in France is

by \'bdSire,\'b8 which is nothing else but father.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Temple.</qau>



<hw>Com*pel"la*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The name by which a person is addressed;

an appellative.</def>



<hw>Com*pel"la*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Serving to compel; compulsory.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Com*pel"ler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

compels or constrains.</def>



<hw>Com"pend</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A compendium;

an epitome; a summary.</def>



<q>A <qex>compend</qex> and recapitulation of the Mosaical

law.</q>

<qau>Bp. Burnet.</qau>



<hw>Com*pen`di*a"ri*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>compendiarius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Short; compendious.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Com*pen"di*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>compendiatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>compendiare</ets> to

shorten, fr. <ets>compendium</ets>.]</ety> <def>To sum or collect

together.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. King.</au>



<hw>Com*pen"di*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>compendiosus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Containing the substance oe

general principles of a subject or work in a narrow compass;

abridged; summarized.</def>



<q>More <qex>compendious</qex> and exeditious ways.</q>

<qau>Woodward.</qau>



<q>Three things be required in the oration of a man having

authority -- that it be <qex>compendious</qex>, sententious, and

delectable.</q>

<qau>Sir T. Elyot.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Short; summary; abridged; condensed; comprehensive;

succinct; brief; concise.</syn>



<hw>Com*pen"di*ous*ly</hw>, <pos>dv.</pos> <def>In a compendious

manner.</def>



<q><qex>Compendiously</qex> exressed by the word chaos.</q>

<qau>Bentley.</qau>



<hw>Com*pen"di*ous*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or

quality of being compendious.</def>



<hw>Com*pen"di*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.

<plw>Compendiums</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, L. <plw>Compendia</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>compendium</ets> that which is

wieghed, saved, or shortened, a short way, fr.

<ets>compendere</ets> to weigh; <ets>com-</ets> +

<ets>pendere</ets> to weigh. See <er>Pension</er>, and cf.

<er>Compend</er>.]</ety> <def>A brief compilation or composition,

containing the principal heads, or general principles, of a

larger work or system; an abridgment; an epitome; a compend; a

condensed summary.</def>



<q>A short system or <qex>compendium</qex> of a sience.</q>

<qau>I. Watts.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- See Abridgment.</syn>



<hw>Com"pen*sate</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; 277)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Compensated</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Compensating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>compensatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>compensare</ets>, prop., to

weigh several things with one another, to balance with one

another, verb intens. fr. <ets>compendere</ets>. See

Compendum.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make equal return to; to

remunerate; to recompence; to give an equivalent to; to requite

suitably; <as>as, to <ex>compensate</ex> a laborer for his work,

or a merchant for his losses</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be equivalent in value or effect to; to

counterbalance; to make up for; to make amends for.</def>



<q>The length of the night and the dews thereof do

<qex>compensate</qex> the heat of the day.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<q>The pleasures of life do not <qex>compensate</qex> the

miseries.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To recompense; remunerate; indemnify; reward;

requite; counterbalance.</syn>



<hw>Com"pen*sate</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To make amends; to

supply an equivalent; -- followed by <xex>for</xex>; <as>as,

nothing can <ex>compensate</ex> for the loss of

reputation</as>.</def>



<hw>Com`pen*sa"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>compensatio</ets> a weighing, a balancing of

accounts.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or principle of

compensating.</def>



<au>Emerson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which constitutes, or is regarded as, an

equivalent; that which makes good the lack or variation of

something else; that which compensates for loss or privation;

amends; remuneration; recompense.</def>



<q>The parliament which dissolved the monastic foundations . . .

vouchsafed not a word toward securing the slightest

<qex>compensation</qex> to the dispossessed owners.</q>

<qau>Hallam.</qau>



<q>No pecuniary <qex>compensation</qex> can possibly reward

them.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd><def>The extinction of

debts of which two persons are reciprocally debtors by the

credits of which they are reciprocally creditors; the payment of

a debt by a credit of equal amount; a set-off.</def> <au>Bouvier.

Wharton.</au> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A recompense or reward for some

loss or service.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>An equivalent stipulated

for in contracts for the sale of real eatate, in which it is

customary to privide that errors in description, etc., shall not

avoid, but shall be the subject of <xex>compensation</xex>.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Compensation balance</col>, <xex>or<xex>

<col>Compensated balance</col>, <cd>a kind of balance wheel for a

timepiece. The rim is usually made of two different expansibility

under changes of temperature, so arranged as to counteract each

other and preserve uniformity of movement.</cd> --

<col>Compensation pendulum</col>. <cd>See

<er>Pendulum</er>.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Recompense; reward; indemnification; consideration;

requital; satisfaction; set-off.</syn>



<hw>Com*pen"sa*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>compensativus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Affording

compensation.</def>



<hw>Com*pen"sa*tive</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Compensation.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Lamb.</au>



<hw>Com"pen*sa`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who, or that which, compensates; -- a name applied to

various mechanical devices.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>An iron plate or magnet

placed near the compass on iron vessels to neutralize the effect

of the ship's attraction on the needle.</def>



<hw>Com*pen"sa*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Serving for compensation; making amends.</def>



<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>



<-- p. 290 -->



<hw>Com*pense"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>compenser</ets>. See <er>Compensate</er>.]</ety> <def>To

compensate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Com`pe*ren"di*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>comperendinatus</ets>, p. p. of

<ets>comperendinare</ets> to defer (the time of trial.)]</ety>

<def>To delay.</def>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Com*pesce"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>compescere</ets>.]</ety> <def>To hold in check; to

restrain.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Carlyle.</au>



<hw>Com*pete"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Competed</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Competing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>completere</ets>, <ets>competitum</ets>; <ets>com-</ets> +

<ets>petere</ets> to seek. See <er>Petition</er>.]</ety> <def>To

contend emulously; to seek or strive for the same thing,

position, or reward for which another is striving; to contend in

rivalry, as for a prize or in business; <as>as, tradesmen

<ex>compete</ex> with one another</as>.</def>



<q>The rival statesmen, with eyes fixed on America, were all the

while <qex>competing</qex> for European alliances.</q>

<qau>Bancroft.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Com"pe*tence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Com"pe*ten*cy</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>comp\'82tence</ets>, from L. <ets>competentia</ets>

agreement.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The state of being competent;

fitness; ability; adequacy; power.</def>



<q>The loan demonstrates, in regard to instrumental resources,

the <qex>competency</qex> of this kingdom to the assertion of the

common cause.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<q>To make them act zealously is not in the <qex>competence</qex>

of law.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Property or means sufficient for the necessaries

and conveniences of life; sifficiency without excess.</def>



<q>Reason's whole pleasure, all the joys of sense,

Lie in three words -- health, peace, and

<qex>competence</qex>.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<q>Superfluity comes sooner by white hairs, but

<qex>competency</qex> lives longer.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Legal capacity or

qualifications; fitness; <as>as, the <ex>competency</ex> of a

witness or of a evidence</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Right or

authority; legal power or capacity to take cognizance of a cause;

<as>as, the <ex>competence</ex> of a judge or court</as>.</def>



<au>Kent.</au>



<hw>Com"pe*tent</hw> <pr>(?; 94)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>comp\'82tent</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>comp\'82ter</ets> to be

in the competency of, LL. <ets>competere</ets> to strive after

together, to agree with; hence, to be fit. See

<er>Compete</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Answering to all

requirements; adeqouate; sufficient; suitable; capable; legally

qualified; fit.</def> \'bdA <xex>competent</xex> knowledge of the

world.\'b8 <au>Arrerbury.</au> \'bd<xex>Competent</xex> age.\'b8

<au>Grafton.</au> \'bd<xex>Competent</xex> statesmen.\'b8

<au>Palfrey.</au> /\'bdA <xex>competent</xex> witness.\'b8

<au>Bouvier.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Rightfully or properly belonging; incident; --

followed by <xex>to</xex>.</def> <mark>[Rare, except in legal

usage.]</mark>



<q>That is the privillege of the infinite Author of things, . . .

but is not <qex>competent</qex> to any finite being.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Qualified</er>.</syn>



<hw>Com"pe*tent*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a competent

manner; adequately; suitably.</def>



<hw>Com*pet"i*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Compatible; suitable; consistent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir M. Hale.</au>



<hw>Com`pe*ti"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>competitio</ets>. See <er>Conpete</er>.]</ety> <def>The act

of seeking, or endevearing to gain, what another is endeavoring

to gain at the same time; common strife for the same objects;

strife for superiority; emulous contest; rivalry, as for

approbation, for a prize, or as where two or more persons are

engaged in the same business and each seeking patronage; --

followed by <xex>for</xex> before the object sought, and

<xex>with</xex> before the person or thing competed with.</def>



<q><qex>Competition</qex> to the crown there is none, nor can

be.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<q>A portrait, with which one of Titian's could not come in

<qex>competititon</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>There is no <qex>competition</qex> but for the second

place.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>Where <qex>competition</qex> does not act at all there is

complete monopoly.</q>

<qau>A. T. Hadley.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Emulation; rivalry; rivalship; contest; struggle;

contention; opposition; jealousy. See <er>Emulation</er>.</syn>



<hw>Com*pet"i*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to competition; producing competition; competitory;

<as>as, a <ex>competitive</ex> examination</as>.</def>



<hw>Com*pet"i*tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.: cf.

F. <ets>comp\'82titeur</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who

seeks what another seeks, or claims what another claims; one who

competes; a rival.</def>



<q>And can not brook <qex>competitors</qex> in love.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An associate; a confederate.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Every hour more <qex>competitors</qex>

Flock to their aid, and still their power increaseth.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Com*pet"i*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Acting

in competition; competing; rival.</def>



<hw>Com*pet"i*tress</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A woman

who competes.</def>



<hw>Com*pet"i*trix</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A competitress.</def>



<hw>Com"pi*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>compilatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>compilation</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or process of compiling or gathering

together from various sources.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is compiled; especially, a book or

document composed of materials gathering from other books or

documents.</def>



<q>His [Goldsmith's] <qex>compilations</qex> are widely

distinguished from the <qex>compilations</qex> of ordinary

bookmakers.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Com"pi*la`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.]</ety> <def>Compiler.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Com*pile"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Compiled</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Compiling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>compiler</ets>,

fr.L. <ets>compilare</ets> to plunder, pillage; <ets>com-</ets> +

<ets>pilare</ets> to plunder. See <er>Pill</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>, <ets>Pillage</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To put

together; to construct; to build.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Before that Merlin died, he did intend

A brazen wall in compass to <qex>compile</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To contain or comprise.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Which these six books <qex>compile</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To put together in a new form out of materials

already existing; esp., to put together or compose out of

materials from other books or documents.</def>



<q>He [Goldsmith] <qex>compiled</qex> for the use of schools a

History of Rome.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To write; to compose.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir W. Temple.</au>



<hw>Com*pile"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Compilation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Com*pil"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>compiluor</ets>; cf. OF. <ets>compileor</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>compilator</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who compiles; esp., one

who makes books by compilation.</def>



<hw>Com*pinge"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>compingere</ets>.]</ety> <def>To compress; to shut up.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Burton.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Com*pla"cence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Com*pla"cen*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[LL. <ets>complacentia</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>complaisance</ets>. See <er>Complacent</er>, and cf.

<er>Complaisance</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Calm contentment;

satisfaction; gratification.</def>



<q>The inward <qex>complacence</qex> we find in acting reasonably

and virtuously.</q>

<qau>Atterbury.</qau>



<q>Others proclaim the infirmities of a great man with

satisfaction and <qex>complacency</qex>, if they discover none of

the like in themselves.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The cause of pleasure or joy.</def> \'bdO thou,

my sole <xex>complacence</xex>.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The manifestation of contentment or

satisfaction; good nature; kindness; civility; affability.</def>



<q><qex>Complacency</qex>, and truth, and manly sweetness,

Dwell ever on his tongue, and smooth his thoughts.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<q>With mean <qex>complacence</qex> ne'er betray your trust.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<hw>Com*pla"cent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>complacens</ets> very pleasing, p. pr. of

<ets>complacere</ets>; <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>placere</ets> to

please: cf. F. <ets>complaisant</ets>. See <er>Please</er> and

cf. <er>Complaisant</er>.]</ety> <def>Self-satisfied; contented;

kindly; <as>as, a <ex>complacent</ex> temper; a

<ex>complacent</ex> smile.</as></def>



<q>They look up with a sort of <qex>complacent</qex> awe . . . to

kings.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<hw>Com`pla*cen"tial</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Marked

by, or causing, complacence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

\'bd<xex>Complacential</xex> love.\'b8



<au>Baxter.</au>



<hw>Com*pla"cent*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

complacent manner.</def>



<hw>Com*plain"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Complained</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Complaining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.

<ets>complaindre</ets>, LL. <ets>complangere</ets>;

<ets>com-</ets> + L. <ets>plangere</ets> to strike, beat, to beat

the breast or head as a sign of grief, to lament. See

<er>Plaint</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To give utterance to

expression of grief, pain, censure, regret. etc.; to lament; to

murmur; to find fault; -- commonly used with <xex>of</xex>. Also,

to creak or squeak, as a timber or wheel.</def>



<q>O lose of sight, of three I most <qex>complain</qex>!</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make a formal accusation; to make a

charge.</def>



<q>Now, Master Shallow, you'll <qex>complain</qex> of me to the

king?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To repine; grumble; deplore; bewail; grieve; mourn;

regret; murmur.</syn>



<hw>Com*plain"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To lament; to

bewail.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>They might the grievance inwardly <qex>complain</qex>.</q>

<qau>Daniel.</qau>



<q>By chaste Lucrece's soul that late <qex>complain'd</qex>

Her wrongs to us.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Com*plain"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That

may be complained of.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Feltham.</au>



<hw>Com*plain"ant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>complaignant</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>complaindre</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>One who makes complaint.</def>



<q>Eager <qex>complainants</qex> of the dispute.</q>

<qau>Collier.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One who commences

a legal process by a complaint.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The party

suing in equity, answering to the plaintiff at common law.</def>



<q>He shall forfeit one moiety to the use of the town, and the

other moiety to the use of the <qex>complainant</qex>.</q>

<qau>Statutes of Mass.</qau>



<hw>Com*plain"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

complains or laments; one who finds fault; a murmurer.</def>



<au>Beattie.</au>



<q>Speechless <qex>complainer</qex>, I will learn thy

thought.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Com*plaint"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>complainte</ets>. See <er>Complain</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Expression of grief, regret, pain, censure, or resentment;

lamentation; murmuring; accusation; fault-finding.</def>



<q>I poured out my <qex>complaint</qex> before him.</q>

<qau>Ps. cxlii. 2.</qau>



<q>Grievous <qex>complaints</qex> of you.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Cause or subject of complaint or

murmuring.</def>



<q>The poverty of the clergy in England hath been the

<qex>complaint</qex> of all who wish well to the church.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An ailment or disease of the body.</def>



<q>One in a <qex>complaint</qex> of his bowels.</q>

<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A formal allegation or charge

against a party made or presented to the appropriate court or

officer, as for a wrong done or a crime committed (in the latter

case, generally under oath); an information; accusation; the

initial bill in proceedings in equity.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Lamentation; murmuring; sorrow; grief; disease;

illness; disorder; malady; ailment.</syn>



<hw>Com*plaint"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of

complaint.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Com"plai*sance`</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F. <ets>complaisance</ets>. See <er>Complaisant</er>, and

cf. <er>Complacence</er>.]</ety> <def>Disposition to please or

oblige; obliging compliance with the wishes of others; a

deportment indicative of a desire to please; courtesy;

civility.</def>



<q>These [ladies] . . . are by the just <qex>complaisance</qex>

and gallantry of our nation the most powerful part of our

people.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<q>They strive with their own hearts and keep them down,

In <qex>complaisance</qex> to all the fools in town.</q>

<qau>Young.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Civility; courtesy; urbanity; suavity; affability;

good breeding.</syn>



<hw>Com"plai*sant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>complaisant</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>complaire</ets> to

acquiesce as a favor, fr. L. <ets>complacere</ets>. See

<er>Complacent</er>.]</ety> <def>Desirous to please; courteous;

obliging; compliant; <as>as, a <ex>complaisant</ex>

gentleman</as>.</def>



<q>There are to whom my satire seems too bold:

Scarce to wise Peter <qex>complaisant</qex> enough.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Obliging; courteous; affable; gracious; civil;

polite; well-bred. See <er>Obliging</er>.</syn>



-- <wordforms><wf>Com"plai*sant`ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Com"plai*sant`ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Com*pla"nar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See

<er>Coplanar</er>.</def>



<hw>Com"pla*nate</hw> <pr>(? <or/ <?/)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>complanatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>complanare</ets>

to make plane. See <er>Plane</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>

<def>Flattened to a level surface.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Com"pla*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make

level.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Com*plect"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Complexioned.</def> <mark>[Low, New Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Com"ple*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>complementun</ets>: cf. F. <ets>compl\'82ment</ets>. See

<er>Complete</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, and cf.

<er>Compliment</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which fills up

or completes; the quantity or number required to fill a thing or

make it complete.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is required to supply a deficiency,

or to complete a symmetrical whole.</def>



<q>History is the <qex>complement</qex> of poetry.</q>

<qau>Sir J. Stephen.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Full quantity, number, or amount; a complete

set; completeness.</def>



<q>To exceed his <qex>complement</qex> and number appointed him

which was one hundred and twenty persons.</q>

<qau>Hakluyt.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A second quantity added to a

given quantity to make equal to a third given quantity.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Something added for ornamentation; an

accessory.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Without vain art or curious <qex>complements</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The whole working force of a

vessel.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The interval wanting to

complete the octave; -- the fourth is the <xex>complement</xex>

of the fifth, the sixth of the third.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>A compliment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<cs><col>Arithmetical compliment of a logarithm</col>. <cd>See

under <er>Logarithm</er>.</cd> -- <col>Arithmetical complement of

a number</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>the difference between

that number and the next higher power of 10; as, 4 is the

<xex>complement<xex> of 6, and 16 of 84.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Complement of an arc</col> <or/

<col>angle</col></mcol> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>the difference

between that arc or angle and 90<deg/.</cd> -- <col>Complement of

a parallelogram</col>. <fld>(Math.)</fld> <cd>See

<er>Gnomon</er>.</cd> -- <col>In her complement</col>

<fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>said of the moon when represented as

full.</cd></cs>



<hw>Com"ple*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To supply a lack; to supplement.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To compliment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>



<hw>Com`ple*men"tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Supplying, or tending to supply, a deficiency; fully

completing.</def> \'bd<xex>Complemental</xex> ceremony.\'b8



<au>Prynne.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Complimentary; courteous.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<cs><col>Complemental air</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>the

air (averaging 100 cubic inches) which can be drawn into the

lungs in addition to the tidal air, by the deepest possible

inspiration.</cd> -- <col>Complemental males</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>peculiar small males living

parasitically on the ordinary hermaphrodite individuals of

certain barnacles.</cd></cs>



<hw>Com`ple*men"ta"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Serving to fill out or to complete; <as>as,

<ex>complementary</ex> numbers</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Complementary colors</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Color</er>.</cd> -- <col>Complementary angles</col>

<fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>two angles whose sum is 90\'f8.</cd></cs>



<hw>Com`ple*men"ta*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Complimentary</er>.]</ety> <def>One skilled in

compliments.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Com"plete"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>completus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>complere</ets> to fill. See

<er>Full</er>, <pos>a.</pos>, and cf. <er>Comply</er>,

<er>Compline</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Filled up; with no

part or element lacking; free from deficienty; entire; perfect;

consummate.</def> \'bd<xex>Complete</xex> perfections.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<q>Ye are <qex>complete</qex> in him.</q>

<qau>Col. ii. 10.</qau>



<q>That thou, dead corse, again in <qex>complete</qex> steel

Revesit'st thus the glimpses of the moon.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Finished; ended; concluded; completed; <as>as,

the edifice is <ex>complete</ex></as>.</def>



<q>This course of vanity almost <qex>complete</qex>.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having all the parts or organs

which belong to it or to the typical form; having calyx, corolla,

stamens, and pistil.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Whole</er>.</syn>



<hw>Com*plete"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Completed</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Completing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To bring to a state in

which there is no deficiency; to perfect; to consummate; to

accomplish; to fulfill; to finish; <as>as, to <ex>complete</ex> a

task, or a poem; to <ex>complete</ex> a course of

education.</as></def>



<q>Bred only and <qex>completed</qex> to the taste

Of lustful appetence.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>And, to <qex>complete</qex> her bliss, a fool for mate.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To perform; execute; terminate; conclude; finish;

end; fill up; achieve; realize; effect; consummate; accomplish;

effectuate; fulfill; bring to pass.</syn>



<hw>Com*plete"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a complete manner;

fully.</def>



<hw>Com*plete"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Act of

completing or perfecting; completion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Com*plete"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being

complete.</def>



<hw>Com*ple"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>completio</ets> a filling, a fulfillment.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act or process of making complete; the getting through

to the end; <as>as, the <ex>completion</ex> of an undertaking, an

education, a service</as>.</def>



<q>The <qex>completion</qex> of some repairs.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>State of being complete; fulfillment;

accomplishment; realization.</def>



<q>Predictions receiving their <qex>completion</qex> in

Christ.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<hw>Com*ple"tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>completivus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>compl<?/tif</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Making complete.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>J. Harris.</au>



<hw>Com*ple"to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Serving

to fulfill.</def>



<q><qex>Completory</qex> of ancient presignifications.</q>

<qau>Barrow.</qau>



<hw>Com"ple*to"ry</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>completorium</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld>

<def>Same as <er>Compline</er>.</def>



<hw>Com"plex</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>complexus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>complecti</ets> to entwine

around, comprise; <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>plectere</ets> to twist,

akin to <ets>plicare</ets> to fold. See <er>Plait</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Composed of two or more

parts; composite; not simple; <as>as, a <ex>complex</ex> being; a

<ex>complex</ex> idea.</as></def>



<q>Ideas thus made up of several simple ones put together, I call

<qex>complex</qex>; such as beauty, gratitude, a man, an army,

the universe.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Involving many parts; complicated;

intricate.</def>



<q>When the actual motions of the heavens are calculated in the

best possible way, the process is difficult and

<qex>complex</qex>.</q>

<qau>Whewell.</qau>



<cs><col>Complex fraction</col>. <cd>See <er>Fraction</er>.</cd>

-- <col>Complex number</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>in the

theory of numbers, an expression of the form <mathex>a +

b<root/-1</mathex>, when <it>a<it> and <it>b<it> are ordinary

integers.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Intricate</er>.</syn>



<hw>Com"plex</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>complexus</ets>]</ety> <def>Assemblage of related things;

colletion; complication.</def>



<q>This parable of the wedding supper comprehends in it the whole

<qex>complex</qex> of all the blessings and privileges exhibited

by the gospel.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<cs><col>Complex of lines</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>,  <cd>all the

possible straight lines in space being considered, the entire

system of lines which satisfy a single relation constitute a

<xex>complex<xex>; as, all the lines which meet a given curve

make up a <xex>complex<xex>. The lines which satisfy two

relations constitute a <xex>congruency<xex> of lines; as, the

entire system of lines, each one of which meets two given

surfaces, is a <xex>congruency<xex>.</cd></cs>



<-- p. 291 -->



<hw>Com*plexed"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Complex,

complicated.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Complexed</xex>

significations.\'b8



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Com*plex"ed*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality or state of being complex or involved;

complication.</def>



<q>The <qex>complexedness</qex> of these moral ideas.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<hw>Com*plex"ion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>complexion</ets>, fr. L. <ets>complexio</ets>. See

<er>Complex</er>, a.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The state of being

complex; complexity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Though the terms of propositions may be complex, yet . . . it

is proprly called a simple syllogism, since the

<qex>complexion</qex> does not belong to the syllogistic form of

it.</q>

<qau>I. Watts.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A combination; a complex.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>This paragraph is . . . a <qex>complexion</qex> of

sophisms.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The bodily constitution; the temperament;

habitude, or natural disposition; character; nature.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>If his <qex>complexion</qex> incline him to melancholy.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>It is the <qex>complexion</qex> of them all to leave the

dam.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The color or hue of the skin, esp. of the

face.</def>



<q>Tall was her stature, her <qex>complexion</qex> dark.</q>

<qau>Wordswoorth.</qau>



<q>Between the pale <qex>complexion</qex> of true love,

And the red glow of scron and proud disdain.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The general appearance or aspect; <as>as, the

<ex>complexion</ex> of the sky; the <ex>complexion</ex> of the

news.</as></def>



<hw>Com*plex"ion*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to constitutional complexion.</def>



<q>A moral rather than a <qex>complexional</qex> timidity.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<hw>Com*plex"ion*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>Constitutionally.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Though corruptible, not <qex>complexionally</qex> vicious.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<hw>Com*plex"ion*a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to the complexion, or to the care of it.</def>



<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>



<hw>Com*plex"ioned</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

(such) a complexion; -- used in composition; <as>as, a

dark-<ex>complexioned</ex> or a ruddy-<ex>complexioned</ex>

person</as>.</def>



<q>A flower is the best-<qex>complexioned</qex> grass, as a pearl

is the best-colored clay.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<hw>Com*plex"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Complexities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>complexit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The state of

being complex; intricacy; entanglement.</def>



<q>The objects of society are of the greatest possible

<qex>complexity</qex>.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is complex; intricacy;

complication.</def>



<q>Many-corridored <qex>complexities</qex>

Of Arthur's palace.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Com"plex`ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

complex manner; not simply.</def>



<hw>Com"plex`ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being

complex; complexity.</def>



<au>A. Smith.</au>



<hw>\'d8Com*plex"us</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., an

embracing.]</ety> <def>A complex; an aggregate of parts; a

complication.</def>



<hw>Com*pli"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of bending or yielding; apt to yield; compliant.</def>



<q>Another <qex>compliable</qex> mind.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>The Jews . . . had made their religion <qex>compliable</qex>,

and accemodated to their passions.</q>

<qau>Jortin.</qau>



<hw>Com*pli"ance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Comply</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of complying; a

yielding; as to a desire, demand, or proposal; concession;

submission.</def>



<q>What <qex>compliances</qex> will remove dissension?</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<q>Ready <qex>compliance</qex> with the wishes of his people.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A disposition to yield to others;

complaisance.</def>



<q>A man of few words and of great <qex>compliance</qex>.</q>

<qau>Clarendon.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Concession; submission; consent; obedience;

performance; execution; acqquiescence; assent.</syn>



<hw>Com*pli"an*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Compliance; disposition to yield to others.</def>



<au>Goldsmith.</au>



<hw>Com*pli"ant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Yielding;

bending; pliant; submissive.</def> \'bdThe <xex>compliant</xex>

boughs.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Com*pli"ant*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a compliant

manner.</def>



<hw>Com"pli*ca*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A state

of being complicate or intricate.</def>



<au>Mitford.</au>



<hw>Com"pli*cant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>complicans</ets>, p. pr.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>Overlapping, as the elytra of certain beetles.</def>



<hw>Com"pli*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>complicatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>complicare</ets> to fold

together. See <er>Complex</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Composed

of two or more parts united; complex; complicated;

involved.</def>



<q>How poor, how rich, how abject, how august,

How <qex>complicate</qex>, how wonderful is man!</q>

<qau>Young.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Folded together, or upon

itself, with the fold running lengthwise.</def>



<hw>Com"pli*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Complicated</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Complicating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To

fold or twist together; to combine intricately; to make complex;

to combine or associate so as to make intricate or

difficult.</def>



<q>Nor can his <qex>complicated</qex> sinews fail.</q>

<qau>Young.</qau>



<q>Avarice and luxury very often become one

<qex>complicated</qex> principle of action.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<q>When the disease is <qex>complicated</qex> with other

diseases.</q>

<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>



<hw>Com"pli*cate*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

complex manner.</def>



<hw>Com"pli*cate*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Complexity.</def>



<au>Sir M. Hale.</au>



<hw>Com`pli*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>compliasion</ets>: cf. F. <ets>complication</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or process of complicating; the state of

being complicated; intricate or confused relation of parts;

entaglement; complexity.</def>



<q>A <qex>complication</qex> of diseases.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<q>Through and beyond these dark <qex>complications</qex> of the

present, the New England founders looked to the great necessities

of future times.</q>

<qau>Palfrey.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A disease or diseases, or

adventitious circumstances or conditions, coexistent with and

modifying a primary disease, but not necessarily connected with

it.</def>



<hw>Com"plice</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Complices</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[F., fr. L.

<ets>complex</ets>, <ets>-plicis</ets>, closely connected with

one, confederate. See <er>Complicate</er>, and cf.

<er>Accomplice</er>.]</ety> <def>An accomplice.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>To quell the rebels and their <qex>complices</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Com*plic"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Complicities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[F.

<ets>complicit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state of being an

accomplice; participation in guilt.</def>



<hw>Com*pli"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

complies, yields, or obeys; one of an easy, yieldy temper.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>Com"pli*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>compliment</ets>. It <ets>complimento</ets>, fr.

<ets>comlire</ets> to compliment, finish, suit, fr. L.

<ets>complere</ets> to fill up. See <er>Complete</er>, and cf.

<er>Complement</er>.]</ety> <def>An expression, by word or act,

of approbation, regard, confidence, civility, or admiration; a

flattering speech or attention; a ceremonious greeting; <as>as,

to send one's <ex>compliments</ex> to a friend</as>.</def>



<q>Tedious waste of time, to sit and hear

So many hollow <qex>compliments</qex> and lies.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>Many a <qex>compliment</qex> politely penned.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<cs><col>To make one a compliment</col>, <cd>to show one respect;

to praise one in a flattering way.</cd><au>Locke.</au>



-- <col>To make one's compliments to</col>, <cd>to offer formal

courtesias to.</cd> -- <col>To stand on compliment</col>, <cd>to

treat with ceremony.</cs>



<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Adulation</er>.</syn>



<hw>Com"pli*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

praise, flatter, or gratify, by expressions of approbation,

respect, or congratulation; to make or pay a compliment to.</def>



<q>Monarchs should their inward soul disguise; . . . 

Should <qex>compliment</qex> their foes and shun their

friends.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To praise; flatter; adulate; commend.</syn>



<hw>Com"pli*ment</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To pass compliments;

to use conventional expressions of respect.</def>



<q>I make the interlocutors, upon occasion, <qex>compliment</qex>

with one another.</q>

<qau>Boyle.</qau>



<hw>Com`pli*men"tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Complimentary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Languages . . . grow rich and abundant in

<qex>complimental</qex> phrases, and such froth.</q>

<qau>Sir H. Wotton.</qau>



-- <wordforms><wf>Com`pli*men"tal*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Boyle.</au>  --

<wf>Com`pli*men"tal*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> 

<au>Hammond.</au></wordforms>



<hw>Com`pli*men"ta*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Expressive of regard or praise; of the nature of, or

containing, a compliment; <as>as, a <ex>complimentary</ex>

remark; a <ex>complimentary</ex> ticket.</as></def>

\'bd<xex>Complimentary</xex> addresses.\'b8



<au>Prescott.</au>



<hw>Com`pli*men"ta*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Complimentary.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Boswell.</au>



<hw>Com"pli*ment`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

compliments; one given to complimenting; a flatterer.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Com"pline</hw>, <hw>Com"plin</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From OE. <ets>complie</ets>,

OF. <ets>complie</ets>, F. <ets>complies</ets>, pl., fr. LL.

<ets>completa</ets> (prop. fem. of L. <ets>completus</ets>) the

religious exercise which completes and closes the service of the

day. See <er>Complete</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The

last division of the Roman Catholic breviary; the seventh and

last of the canonical hours of the Western church; the last

prayer of the day, to be said after sunset.</def>



<q>The custom of godly man been to shut up the evening with a

<qex>compline</qex> of prayer at nine of the night.</q>

<qau>Hammond.</qau>



<hw>Com"plot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>complot</ets>, prob. for <ets>comploit</ets>, fr.L.

<ets>complicitum</ets>, prop. p. p. of <ets>complicare</ets>, but

equiv. to <ets>complicatio</ets> complication, entangling. See

<er>Complicate</er>, and cf. <er>Plot</er>.]</ety> <def>A

plotting together; a confederacy in some evil design; a

conspiracy.</def>



<q>I know their <qex>complot</qex> is to have my life.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Com*plot"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Complotted</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Complotting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>comploter</ets>, fr. <ets>complot</ets>.]</ety> <def>To

plot or plan together; to conspire; to join in a secret

design.</def>



<q>We find them <qex>complotting</qex> together, and contriving a

new scence of miseries to the Trojans.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<hw>Com*plot"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

plotting together.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Com*plot"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One joined

in a plot.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Com`plu*ten"sian</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to <xex>Complutum</xex> (now Alcala de Henares) a city

near Madrid; <as>as, the <ex>Complutensian</ex> Bible</as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Com*plu"vi*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A space left unroofed

over the court of a Roman dwelling, through which the rain fell

into the <xex>impluvium</xex> or cistern.</def>



<hw>Com*ply"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Complied</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Complying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Perh. formed fr.

<ets>compliment</ets>, influenced by <ets>ply</ets>,

<ets>pliant</ets>, which are of different origin: cf. It.

<ets>complire</ets> to compliment, finish, suit. See

<er>Compliment</er>, <er>Complete</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To yield assent; to accord; agree, or acquiesce; to adapt

one's self; to consent or conform; -- usually followed by

<xex>with</xex>.</def>



<q>Yet this be sure, in nothing to <qex>comply</qex>,

Scandalous or forbidden in our law.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>They did servilely <qex>comply</qex> with the people in

worshiping God by sensible images.</q>

<qau>Tillotson.</qau>



<q>He that <qex>complies</qex> against his will

Is of his own opinion still.</q>

<qau>Hudibras.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be ceremoniously courteous; to make one's

compliments.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Com*ply"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See <er>comply</er>,

<pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To fulfill; to

accomplish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chapman.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>complicare</ets> to fold up. See

<er>Ply</er>.]</ety> <def>To infold; to embrace.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Seemed to <qex>comply</qex>,

Cloudlike, the daintie deitie.</q>

<qau>Herrick.</qau>



<hw>Com*pone"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>componere</ets>. See <er>Compound</er>.]</ety> <def>To

compose; to settle; to arrange.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A good pretense for <qex>componing</qex> peace.</q>

<qau>Strype.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Com*po"ne</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>See <er>Compony</er>.</def>



<hw>Com*po"nent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>componens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>componere</ets>. See

<er>Compound</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>Serving, or

helping, to form; composing; constituting; constituent.</def>



<q>The <qex>component</qex> parts of natural bodies.</q>

<qau>Sir I. Newton.</qau>



<hw>Com*po"nent</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A constituent part; an

ingredient.</def>



<cs><col>Component of force</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a force

which, acting conjointly with one or more forces, produces the

effect of a single force or resultant; one of a number of forces

into which a single force may be resolved.</cd></cs>



<mhw>{ <hw>Com*po"ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>\'d8Com*po"n\'82</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F. compon\'82.]</ety>

<fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Divided into squares of alternate

tinctures in a single row; -- said of any bearing; or, in the

case of a bearing having curved lines, divided into patches of

alternate colors following the curve. If there are two rows it is

called <xex>counter-compony</xex>.</def>



<hw>Com*port"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Comported</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Comporting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.

<ets>comporter</ets>, <ets>LL</ets>. <ets>comportare</ets>, fr.L.

<ets>comportare</ets> to bring together; <ets>com-</ets> +

<ets>portare</ets> to carry. See <er>Port demeanor</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To bear or endure; to put up (with); <as>as, to

<ex>comport</ex> with an injury</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Barrow.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To agree; to accord; to suit; -- sometimes

followed by <xex>with</xex>.</def>



<q>How ill this dullness doth <qex>comport</qex> with

greatness.</q>

<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>



<q>How their behavior herein <qex>comported</qex> with the

institution.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<hw>Com*port"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To bear; to endure; to brook; to put with.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The malcontented sort

That never can the present state <qex>comport</qex>.</q>

<qau>Daniel.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To carry; to conduct; -- with a reflexive

pronoun.</def>



<q>Observe how Lord Somers . . . <qex>comported</qex>

himself.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<hw>Com"port</hw> <pr>(?, formerly <?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Cf.OF. <ets>comport</ets>.]</ety> <def>Manner of acting;

behavior; conduct; deportment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]<mark>



<q>I knew them well, and marked their rude

<qex>comport</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Com*port"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Suitable; consistent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdSome

<xex>comportable</xex> method.\'b8



<au>Wotton.</au>



<hw>Com*port"ance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Behavior;

comport.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Goodly <qex>comportance</qex> each to other bear.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Com`por*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>comportatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A bringing together.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Richardson.</au>



<hw>Com*port"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>comportement</ets>.]</ety> <def>Manner of acting; behavior;

bearing.</def>



<q>A graceful <qex>comportment</qex> of their bodies.</q>

<qau>Cowley.</qau>



<q>Her serious and devout <qex>comportment</qex>.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<hw>Com*pose"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Composed</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Composing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>composer</ets>;

<ets>com-</ets> + <ets>poser</ets> to place. The sense is that of

L. <ets>componere</ets>, but the prigin is different. See

<er>Pose</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To form

by putting together two or more things or parts; to put together;

to make up; to fashion.</def>



<q>Zeal ought to be <qex>composed</qex> of the hidhest degrees of

all pious affection.</q>

<qau>Bp. Sprat.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To form the substance of, or part of the

substance of; to constitute.</def>



<q>Their borrowed gold <qex>composed</qex>

The calf in Oreb.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>A few useful things . . . <qex>compose</qex> their

intellectual possessions.</q>

<qau>I. Watts.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To construct by mental labor; to design and

execute, or put together, in a manner involving the adaptation of

forms of expression to ideas, or to the laws of harmony or

proportion; <as>as, to <ex>compose</ex> a sentence, a sermon, a

symphony, or a picture</as>.</def>



<q>Let me <qex>compose</qex>

Something in verse as well as prose.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<q>The genius that <qex>composed</qex> such works as the

\'bdStandard\'b8 and \'bdLast Supper\'b8.</q>

<qau>B. R. Haydon.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To dispose in proper form; to reduce to order;

to put in proper state or condition; to adjust; to

regulate.</def>



<q>In a peaceful grave my corpse <qex>compose</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>How in safety best we may

<qex>Compose</qex> our present evils.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To free from agitation or disturbance; to

tranquilize; to soothe; to calm; to quiet.</def>



<q><qex>Compose</qex> thy mind;

Nor frauds are here contrived, nor force designed.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>To arrange (types) in a

composing stick in order for printing; to set (type).</def>



<hw>Com*pose"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To come to terms.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Com*posed"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Free from

agitation; calm; sedate; quiet; tranquil; self-possessed.</def>



<q>The Mantuan there in sober triumph sate,

<qex>Composed</qex> his posture, and his look sedate.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



-- <wordforms><wf>Com*pos"ed*ly</wf> <pr>(<?/)</pr>,

<pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Com*pos"ed*ness</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Com*pos"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who composes; an author. Specifically, an author of a

piece of music.</def>



<q>If the thoughts of such authors have nothing in them, they at

least . . . show an honest industry and a good intention in the

<qex>composer</qex>.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<q>His [Mozart's] most brilliant and solid glory is founded upon

his talents as a <qex>composer</qex>.</q>

<qau>Moore (Encyc. of Mus. ).</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who, or that which, quits or calms; one who

adjust a difference.</def>



<q>Sweet <qex>composes</qex> of the pensive s<?/ul.</q>

<qau>Gay.</qau>



<hw>Com*pos"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Tending to

compose or soothe.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Pertaining to, or used in, composition.</def>



<cs><col>Composing frame</col> <fld>(Print.)</fld>, <cd>a stand

for holding cases of type when in use.</cd> -- <col>Composing

rule</col> <fld>(Print.)</fld>, <cd>a thin slip of brass or

steel, against which the type is arranged in a composing stick,

or by the aid of which stickfuls or handfuls or type are lifted;

-- called also <altname>setting rule</altname>.</cd> --

<col>Composing stick</col> <fld>(Print.)</fld>, <cd>an instrument

usually of metal, which the compositor holds in his left hand,

and in which he arranges the type in words and lines. It has one

open side, and one adjustable end by means of which the length of

the lines, and consequently the width of the page or column, may

be determined.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Com*pos"i*t\'91</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., from L. <ets>compositus</ets> made up of parts. See

<er>Composite</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A large family

of dicotyledonous plants, having their flowers arranged in dense

heads of many small florets and their anthers united in a tube.

The daisy, dandelion, and asters, are examples.</def>



<hw>Com*pos"ite</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>compositus</ets> made up of parts, p. p. of

<ets>componere</ets>. See <er>Compound</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>,

and cf. <er>Compost</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Made up of

distinct parts or elements; compounded; <as>as, a

<ex>composite</ex> language</as>.</def>



<q>Happiness, like air and water . . . is

<qex>composite</qex>.</q>

<qau>Landor.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Belonging to a certain order

which is composed of the Ionic order grafted upon the Corinthian.

It is called also the <altname>Roman</altname> or the

<altname>Italic</altname> order, and is one of the five orders

recognized by the Italian writers of the sixteenth century. See

<er>Capital</er>.</def>



<-- p. 292 -->



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the order

<spn>Composit\'91</spn>; bearing involucrate heads of many small

florets, as the daisy, thistle, and dandelion.</def>



<cs><col>Composite carriage</col>, <cd>a railroad car having

compartments of different classes.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> --

<col>Composite number</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>one which can

be divided exactly by a number exceeding unity, as 6 by 2 or

3.</cd><--  the opposite of <col>prime number</col> -->. --

<mcol><col>Composite</col> <col>photograph <or/

portrait</col></mcol>, <cd>one made by a combination, or

blending, of several distinct photographs.</cd> <au>F.

Galton.</au> -- <col>Composite sailing</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>,

<cd>a combination of parallel and great circle sailing.</cd> --

<col>Composite ship</col>, <cd>one with a wooden casing and iron

frame.</cd></cs>



<hw>Com*pos"ite</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That

which is made up of parts or compounded of several elements;

composition; combination; compound.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Com`po*si"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>composition</ets>, fr. L. <ets>compositio</ets>. See

<er>Composite</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or art of

composing, or forming a whole or integral, by placing together

and uniting different things, parts, or ingredients. In specific

uses: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The invention or combination of the parts

of any literary work or discourse, or of a work of art; <as>as,

the <ex>composition</ex> of a poem or a piece of

music</as>.</def> \'bdThe constant habit of elaborate

<xex>composition.\'b8 <au>Macaulay.</au> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Fine

Arts)</fld> <def>The art or practice of so combining the

different parts of a work of art as to produce a harmonious

whole; also, a work of art considered as such.</def> See 4,

below. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The act of writing for practice in a

language, as English, Latin, German, etc.</def> <sd>(d)</sd>

<fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>The setting up of type and arranging it

for printing.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being put together or composed;

conjunction; combination; adjustment.</def>



<q>View them in <qex>composition</qex> with other things.</q>

<qau>I. Watts.</qau>



<q>The elementary <qex>composition</qex> of bodies.</q>

<qau>Whewell.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A mass or body formed by combining two or more

substances; <as>as, a chemical <ex>composition</ex></as>.</def>



<q>A <qex>omposition</qex> that looks . . . like marble.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A literary, musical, or artistic production,

especially one showing study and care in arrangement; -- often

used of an elementary essay or translation done as an educational

exercise.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Consistency; accord; congruity.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>There is no <qex>composition</qex> in these news

That gives them credit.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Mutual agreement to terms or conditions for the

settlement of a difference or controversy; also, the terms or

conditions of settlement; agreement.</def>



<q>Thus we are agreed:

I crave our <qex>composition</qex> may be written.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The adjustment of a debt, or

avoidance of an obligation, by some form of compensation agreed

on between the parties; also, the sum or amount of compensation

agreed upon in the adjustment.</def>



<q><qex>Compositions</qex> for not taking the order of

knighthood.</q>

<qau>Hallam.</qau>



<q>Cleared by <qex>composition</qex> with their creditors.</q>

<qau>Blackstone.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>Synthesis as opposed to analysis.</def>



<q>The investigation of difficult things by the method of

analysis ought ever to precede the method of

<qex>composition</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir I. Newton.</qau>



<cs><col>Composition cloth</col>, <cd>a kind of clotch covered

with a preparation making it waterproof.</cd> -- <col>Composition

deed</col>, <cd>an agreement for composition between a debtor and

several creditors.</cd> -- <col>Composition plane</col>

<fld>(Crystallog.)</fld>, <cd>the plane by which the two

individuals of a twin crystal are united in their reserved

positions.</cd> -- <col>Composition of forces</col>

<fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>the finding of a single force (called the

<xex>resultant<xex>) which shall be equal in effect to two or

more given forces (called the <xex>components<xex>) when acting

in given directions.</cd> <au>Herbert.</au> -- <col>Composition

metal</col>, <cd>an alloy resembling brass, which is sometimes

used instead of copper for sheathing vessels; -- also called

<altname>Muntz metal</altname> and <altname>yellow

metal</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Composition of proportion</col>

<fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>an arrangement of four proportionals so

that the sum of the arrangement of four proportionals so that the

sum of the third and fourth to the fourth.</cd></cs?



<hw>Com*pos"i*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>compositivus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the quality of

entering into composition; compounded.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Com*pos"i*tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., an

arranger.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who composes or sets in

order.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>One who sets type and

arranges it for use.</def>



<hw>Com*pos"i*tous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the <xex>Composit\'91</xex>;

composite.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Darwin.</au>



<hw>Com*pos"si*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>com-</ets> + <ets>possible</ets>.]</ety> <def>Able to exist

with another thing; consistent.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Chillingworth.</au>



<hw>Com"post</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[OF.

<ets>compost</ets>, fr. L. <ets>compositus</ets>, p. p. See

<er>Composite</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A mixture; a

compound.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>A sad <qex>compost</qex> of more bitter than sweet.</q>

<qau>Hammond.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Agric.)</fld> <def>A mixture for fertilizing

land; esp., a composition of various substances (as muck, mold,

lime, and stable manure) thoroughly mingled and decomposed, as in

a compost heap.</def>



<q>And do not spread the <qex>compost</qex> on the weeds

To make them ranker.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Com"post</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To manure

with compost.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To mingle, as different fertilizing substances,

in a mass where they will decompose and form into a

compost.</def>



<hw>Com*pos"ture</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>compositura</ets>, <ets>-postura</ets>, a joining.]</ety>

<def>Manure; compost.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Com*po"sure</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Compose</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of composing,

or that which is composed; a composition.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Signor Pietro, who had an admirable way both of

<qex>composure</qex> [in music] and teaching.</q>

<qau>Evelyn.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Orderly adjustment; disposition.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Various <qex>composures</qex> and combinations of these

corpuscles.</q>

<qau>Woodward.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Frame; make; temperament.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>His <qex>composure</qex> must be rare indeed

Whom these things can not blemish.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A settled state; calmness; sedateness;

tranquillity; repose.</def> \'bdWe seek peace and

<xex>composure</xex>.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<q>When the passions . . . are all silent, the mind enjoys its

most perfect <qex>composure</qex>.</q>

<qau>I. Watts.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A combination; a union; a bond.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Com`po*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>compotatio</ets>; <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>potare</ets> to

drink.]</ety> <def>The act of drinking or tippling

together.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>The fashion of <qex>compotation</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<hw>Com"po*ta`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who drinks with another.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>\'d8Com"pote</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See

<er>Compost</er>.]</ety> <def>A preparation of fruit in sirup in

such a manner as to preserve its form, either whole, halved, or

quartered; <as>as, a <ex>compote</ex> of pears</as>.</def>



<au>Littr<?/.</au>



<-- p. 292 -->



<hw>\'d8Com"pound</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Malay

<ets>kompund</ets> a village.]</ety> <def>In the East Indies, an

inclosure containing a house, outbuildings, etc.</def>



<hw>Com*pound"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Compounded</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Compounding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>componen</ets>, <ets>compounen</ets>, L.

<ets>componere</ets>, <ets>compositum</ets>; <ets>com-</ets>+

<ets>ponere</ets> to put set. The <ets>d</ets> is excrescent. See

<er>Position</er>, and cf. <er>Compon\'82</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To form or make by combining different elements,

ingredients, or parts; <as>as, to <ex>compound</ex> a

medicine</as>.</def>



<q>Incapacitating him from successfully <qex>compounding</qex> a

tale of this sort.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To put together, as elements, ingredients, or

parts, in order to form a whole; to combine, mix, or unite.</def>



<q>We have the power of altering and <qex>compounding</qex> those

images into all the varieties of picture.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To modify or change by combination with some

other thing or part; to mingle with something else.</def>



<q>Only <qex>compound</qex> me with forgotten dust.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To compose; to constitute.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>His pomp and all what state <qex>compounds</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To settle amicably; to adjust by agreement; to

compromise; to discharge from obligation upon terms different

from those which were stipulated; <as>as, to <ex>compound</ex> a

debt</as>.</def>



<q>I pray, my lords, let me <qex>compound</qex> this strife.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>To compound a felony</col>, <cd>to accept of a

consideration for forbearing to prosecute, such compounding being

an indictable offense. See <er>Theftbote</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Com*pound"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To effect a

composition; to come to terms of agreement; to agree; to settle

by a compromise; -- usually followed by <xex>with</xex> before

the person participating, and <xex>for</xex> before the thing

compounded or the <xex>consideration</xex>.</def>



<q>Here's a fellow will help you to-morrow; . . .

<qex>compound</qex> with him by the year.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>They were at last glad to <qex>compound</qex> for his bare

commitment to the Tower.</q>

<qau>Clarendon.</qau>



<q>Cornwall <qex>compounded</qex> to furnish ten oxen after

Michaelmas for thirty pounds.</q>

<qau>R. Carew.</qau>



<q><qex>Compound</qex> for sins they are inclined to

By damning those they have no mind to.</q>

<qau>Hudibras.</qau>



<hw>Com"pound</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>compouned</ets>, p. p. of <ets>compounen</ets>. See

<er>Compound</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>Composed of two

or more elements, ingredients, parts; produced by the union of

several ingredients, parts, or things; composite; <as>as, a

<ex>compound</ex> word</as>.</def>



<q><qex>Compound</qex> substances are made up of two or more

simple substances.</q>

<qau>I. Watts.</qau>



<cs><mcol><col>Compound addition</col>, <col>substraction</col>,

<col>multiplication</col>, <col>division</col></mcol>

<fld>(Arith.)</fld>, <cd>the addition, substraction, etc., of

compound numbers.</cd> -- <col>Compound crystal</col>

<fld>(Crystallog.)</fld>, <cd>a twin crystal, or one seeming to

be made up of two or more crystals combined according to regular

laws of composition.</cd> -- <col>Compound engine</col>

<fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a form of steam engine in which the steam

that has been used in a high-pressure cylinder is made to do

further service in a larger low-pressure cylinder, sometimes in

several larger cylinders, successively.</cd> -- <col>Compound

ether</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under

<er>Ether</er>.</cd> -- <col>Compound flower</col>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a flower head resembling a single flower,

but really composed of several florets inclosed in a common

calyxlike involucre, as the sunflower or dandelion.</cd> --

<col>Compound fraction</col>. <fld>(Math.)</fld> <cd>See

<er>Fraction</er>.</cd> -- <col>Compound fracture</col>. <cd>See

<er>Fracture</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Compound householder</col>,

<cd>a householder who compounds or arranges with his landlord

that his rates shall be included in his rents.</cd>

<mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Compound interest</col>. <cd>See

<er>Interest</er>.</cd> -- <col>Compound larceny</col>.

<fld>(Law)</fld> <cd>See <er>Larceny</er>.</cd> -- <col>Compound

leaf</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a leaf having two or more

separate blades or leaflets on a common leafstalk.</cd> --

<col>Compound microscope</col>. <cd>See <er>Microscope</er>.</cd>

-- <col>Compound motion</col>. <cd>See <er>Motion</er>.</cd> --

<col>Compound number</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>one

constructed according to a varying scale of denomination; as, 3

<xex>cwt.<xex>, 1 <xex>qr.<xex>, 5 <xex>lb.<xex>; -- called also

<altname>denominate number</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Compound

pier</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a clustered column.</cd> --

<col>Compound quantity</col> <fld>(Alg.)</fld>, <cd>a quantity

composed of two or more simple quantities or terms, connected by

the sign + (plus) or - (minus). Thus, <mathex>a + b - c</mathex>,

and <mathex>bb - b</mathex>, are compound quantities.</cd> --

<col>Compound radical</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See

<er>Radical</er>.</cd> -- <col>Compound ratio</col>

<fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>the product of two or more ratios; thus

<mathex>ab:cd</mathex> is a ratio compounded of the simple ratios

<mathex>a:c</mathex> and <mathex>b:d</mathex>.</cd> --

<col>Compound rest</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>the tool

carriage of an engine lathe.</cd> -- <col>Compound screw</col>

<fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a screw having on the same axis two or

more screws with different pitch (a differential screw), or

running in different directions (a right and left screw).</cd> --

<col>Compound time</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>that in which two

or more simple measures are combined in one; as, 6-8 time is the

joining of two measures of 3-8 time.</cd> -- <col>Compound

word</col>, <cd>a word composed of two or more words;

specifically, two or more words joined together by a

hyphen.</cd></cs>



<hw>Com"pound</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which is

compounded or formed by the union or mixture of elements

ingredients, or parts; a combination of simples; a compound word;

the result of composition.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>Rare <qex>compound</qex> of oddity, frolic, and fun.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<q>When the word \'bdbishopric\'b8 was first made, it was made as

a <qex>compound</qex>.</q>

<qau>Earle.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A union of two or more

ingredients in definite proportions by weight, so combined as to

form a distinct substance; <as>as, water is a <ex>compound</ex>

of oxygen and hydrogen</as>.</def>



<note><hand/ Every definite chemical <xex>compound</xex> always

contains the same elements, united in the same proportions by

weight, and with the same internal arrangement.</note>



<cs><col>Binary compound</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>. <cd>See under

<er>Binary</er>.</cd> -- <col>Carbon compounds</col>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld>. <cd>See under <er>Carbon</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Com*pound"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That

may be compounded.</def>



<hw>Com*pound"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who, or that which, compounds or mixes; <as>as, a

<ex>compounder</ex> of medicines</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who attempts to bring persons or parties to

terms of agreement, or to accomplish, ends by compromises.</def>

\'bd<xex>Compounder</xex> in politics.\'b8



<au>Burke.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>One who compounds a debt, obligation, or

crime.</def>



<q>Religious houses made <qex>compounders</qex>

For the horrid actions of their founders.</q>

<qau>Hudibras.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>One at a university who pays extraordinary fees

for the degree he is to take.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<au>A. Wood.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld> <def>A Jacobite who favored

the restoration of James II, on condition of a general amnesty

and of guarantees for the security of the civil and

ecclesiastical constitution of the realm.</def>



<hw>\'d8Com`pra*dor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pg., a

buyer.]</ety> <def>A kind of steward or agent.</def>

<mark>[China]</mark>



<au>S. W. Williams</au>



<hw>Com`pre*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>comprecatio</ets>, fr. <ets>comprecari</ets> to pray to. See

<er>Precarious</er>.]</ety> <def>A praying together.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Wilkins.</au>



<hw>Com`pre*hend"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Comprehended</er>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Comprehending</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[L. <ets>comprehendere</ets>, <ets>comprehensum</ets>;

<ets>com-</ets> + <ets>prehendere</ets> to grasp, seize;

<ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>hendere</ets> (used only in comp.).

See <er>Get</er>, and cf. <er>Comprise</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To contain; to embrace; to include; <as>as, the states

<ex>comprehended</ex> in the Austrian Empire</as>.</def>



<q>Who hath . . . <qex>comprehended</qex> the dust of the earth

in a measure.</q>

<qau>Is. xl. 12.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To take in or include by construction or

implication; to comprise; to imply.</def>



<q><qex>Comprehended</qex> all in this one word, Discretion.</q>

<qau>Hobbes.</qau>



<q>And if there be any other commandment, it is briefly

<qex>comprehended</qex> in this saying.</q>

<qau>Rom. xiii. 9.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To take into the mind; to grasp with the

understanding; to apprehend the meaning of; to understand.</def>



<q>At a loss to <qex>comprehend</qex> the question.</q>

<qau>W. Irwing.</qau>



<q>Great things doeth he, which we can not

<qex>comprehend</qex>.</q>

<qau>Job. xxxvii. 5.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To contain; include; embrace; comprise; inclose;

grasp; embody; involve; imply; apprehend; imagine; conceive;

understand. See <er>Apprehend</er>.</syn>



<hw>Com`pre*hen`si*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>The quality or state of being comprehensible; capability of

being understood.</def>



<hw>Com"pre*hen"si*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>comprehensibilis</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>compre\'82hensible</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Capable of

being comprehended, included, or comprised.</def>



<q>Lest this part of knowledge should seem to any not

<qex>comprehensible</qex> by axiom, we will set down some heads

of it.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Capable of being understood; intelligible;

conceivable by the mind.</def>



<q>The horizon sets the bounds . . . between what is and what is

not <qex>comprehensible</qex> by us.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<hw>Com`pre*hen"si*ble*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality

of being comprehensible; comprehensibility.</def>



<hw>Com`pre*hen"si*bly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>With great extent of signification; comprehensively.</def>



<au>Tillotson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Intelligibly; in a manner to be comprehended or

understood.</def>



<hw>Com`pre*hen"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>comprehensio</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>compr\'82hension</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

comprehending, containing, or comprising; inclusion.</def>



<q>In the Old Testament there is a close <qex>comprehension</qex>

of the New; in the New, an open discovery of the Old.</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is comrehended or inclosed within

narrow limits; a summary; an epitome.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Though not a catalogue of fundamentals, yet . . . a

<qex>comprehension</qex> of them.</q>

<qau>Chillingworth.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The capacity of the mind to perceive and

understand; the power, act, or process of grasping with the

intellect; perception; understanding; <as>as, a

<ex>comprehension</ex> of abstract principles</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>The complement of attributes

which make up the notion signified by a general term.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure by which the name of

a whole is put for a part, or that of a part for a whole, or a

definite number for an indefinite.</def>



<hw>Com`pre*hen"sive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>compr\'82hensif</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Including

much; comprising many things; having a wide scope or a full

view.</def>



<q>A very <qex>comprehensive</qex> definition.</q>

<qau>Bentley.</qau>



<q>Large and <qex>comprehensive</qex> idea.</q>

<qau>Channing.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having the power to comprehend or understand

many things.</def> \'bdHis <xex>comprehensive</xex> head.\'b8



<au>Pope.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Possessing peculiarities

that are characteristic of several diverse groups.</def>



<note><hand/ The term is applied chiefly to early fossil groups

which have a combination of structures that appear in more fully

developed or specialized forms in later groups.

<xex>Synthetic</xex>, as used by Agssiz, is nearly

synonymous.</note>



<syn>Syn. -- Extensive; wide; large; full; compendious.</syn>



<hw>Com`pre*hen"sive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

comprehensive manner; with great extent of scope.</def>



<hw>Com`pre*hen"sive*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of

being comprehensive; extensiveness of scope.</def>



<q>Compare the beauty and <qex>comprehensiveness</qex> of legends

on ancient coins.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<hw>Com`pre*hen"sor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

comprehends; one who has attained to a full knowledge.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>When I shall have dispatched this weary pilgrimage, and from a

traveler shall come to be a <qex>comprehensor</qex>, farewell

faith and welcome vision.</q>

<qau>Bp. Hall.</qau>



<hw>Com*press"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Compressed</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Compressing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>compressus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>comprimere</ets> to

compress: <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>premere</ets> to press. See

Press.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To press or squeeze together; to

force into a narrower compass; to reduce the volume of by

pressure; to compact; to condense; <as>as, to <ex>compress</ex>

air or water</as>.</def>



<q>Events of centuries . . . <qex>compressed</qex> within the

compass of a single life.</q>

<qau>D. Webster.</qau>



<q>The same strength of expression, though more

<qex>compressed</qex>, runs through his historical harangues.</q>

<qau>Melmoth.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To embrace sexually.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Pope.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- To crowd; squeeze; condense; reduce; abridge.</syn>



<hw>Com"press</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>compresse</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>A folded

piece of cloth, pledget of lint, etc., used to cover the dressing

of wounds, and so placed as, by the aid of a bandage, to make due

pressure on any part.</def>



<hw>Com*pressed"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Pressed together; compacted; reduced in volume by

pressure.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Flattened lengthwise.</def>



<cs><col>Compessed air engine</col>, <cd>an engine operated by

the elastic force of compressed air.</cd></cs>



<hw>Com*press`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>compressibilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The

quality of being compressible of being compressible; <as>as, the

<ex>compressibility</ex> of elastic fluids</as>.</def>



<hw>Com*press"i*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>compressible</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being pressed

together or forced into a narrower compass, as an elastic or

spongy substance.</def>



<hw>Com*press"ible*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of

being compressible; compressibility.</def>



<hw>Com*pres"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>compressio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>compression</ets>.]</ety>

<def>The act of compressing, or state of being compressed.</def>

\'bd<xex>Compression</xex> of thought.\'b8



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Com*press"ive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>compressif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Compressing, or having power

or tendency to compress; <as>as, a <ex>compressive</ex>

force</as>.</def>



<hw>Com*press"or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.]</ety>

<def>Anything which serves to compress</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A muscle that compresses certain

parts.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>An instrument

for compressing an artery (esp., the femoral artery) or other

part.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>An apparatus for confining or

flattening between glass plates an object to be examined with the

microscope; -- called also

<altname>compressorium</altname>.</def> <sd>(d)</sd>

<fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A machine for compressing gases;

especially, an air compressor.</def>



<hw>Com*pres"sure</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Compression.</def>



<hw>Com*print"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To print together.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>To print

surreptitiously a work belonging to another.</def>



<au>E. Phillips.</au>



<hw>Com"print</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(O. Eng.

Law)</fld> <def>The surreptitious printing of another's copy or

book; a work thus printed.</def>



<hw>Com*pris"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of

comprising or comprehending; a compendium or epitome.</def>



<q>A <qex>comprisal</qex> . . . and sum of all wickedness.</q>

<qau>Barrow.</qau>



<hw>Com*prise"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Comprised</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Comprising</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From F.

<ets>compris</ets>, <ets>comprise</ets>, p. p. of

<ets>comprendre</ets>, L. <ets>comprehendere</ets>. See

<er>Comprehend</er>.]</ety> <def>To comprehend; to include.</def>



<q><qex>Comprise</qex> much matter in few words.</q>

<qau>Hocker.</qau>



<q>Friendship does two souls in one <qex>comprise</qex>.</q>

<qau>Roscommon.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To embrace; include; comprehend; contain; encircle;

inclose; involve; imply.</syn>



<hw>Com"pro*bate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>comprobatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>comprobare</ets>, to

approve wholly.]</ety> <def>To agree; to concur.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Elyot.</au>



<hw>Com`pro*ba"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>comprobatio</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Joint

attestation; proof.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Approbation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Foxe.</au>



<hw>Com"pro*mise</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>compromis</ets>, fr. L. <ets>compromissum</ets> a mutual

promise to abide by the decision of an arbiter, fr.

<ets>compromittere</ets> to make such a promise; <ets>com-</ets>

+ <ets>promittere</ets> to promise. See <er>Promise</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A mutual agreement to refer matters in dispute

to the decision of arbitrators.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Burrill.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A settlement by arbitration or by mutual consent

reached by concession on both sides; a reciprocal abatement of

extreme demands or rights, resulting in an agreement.</def>



<q>But basely yielded upon <qex>compromise</qex>

That which his noble ancestors achieved with blows.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>All government, indeed every human benefit and enjoyment,

every virtue and every prudent act, is founded on

<qex>compromise</qex> and barter.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<q>An abhorrence of concession and <qex>compromise</qex> is a

never failing characteristic of religious factions.</q>

<qau>Hallam.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A committal to something derogatory or

objectionable; a prejudicial concession; a surrender; <as>as, a

<ex>compromise</ex> of character or right</as>.</def>



<q>I was determined not to accept any fine speeches, to the

<qex>compromise</qex> of that sex the belonging to which was,

after all, my strongest claim and title to them.</q>

<qau>Lamb.</qau>



<hw>Com"pro*mise</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. &

p. p.</pos> <er>Compromised</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Compromising</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From

<er>Compromise</er>, <pos>n.</pos>; cf.

<er>Compromit</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To bind by mutual

agreement; to agree.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Laban and himself were <qex>compromised</qex>

That all the eanlings which were streaked and pied

Should fall as Jacob's hire.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To adjust and settle by mutual concessions; to

compound.</def>



<q>The controversy may easily be <qex>compromised</qex>.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To pledge by some act or declaration; to

endanger the life, reputation, etc., of, by some act which can

not be recalled; to expose to suspicion.</def>



<q>To pardon all who had been <qex>compromised</qex> in the late

disturbances.</q>

<qau>Motley.</qau>



<hw>Com"pro*mise</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

agree; to accord.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make concession for concilation and

peace.</def>



<hw>Com"pro*mi`ser</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

compromises.</def>



<hw>Com`pro*mis*so"ri*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Relating to compromise.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Chalmers.</au>



<hw>Com"pro*mit`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Compromitted</er>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Compromitting</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[L. <ets>compromittere</ets>. See <er>Compromise</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To pledge by some act or

declaration; to promise.</def>



<au>State Trials (1529).</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To put to hazard, by some indiscretion; to

endanger; to compromise; <as>as, to <ex>compromit</ex> the honor

or the safety of a nation</as>.</def>



<hw>Com`pro*vin"cial</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Belonging to, or associated in, the same province.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>One who belongs

to the same province.</def></def2> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The six islands, <qex>comprovincial</qex>

In ancient times unto Great Britiain.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Com*sog"na*thus</hw> <pr>(? <?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ elegant, pretty + <?/ jaw.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of Dinosauria found in the

Jurassic formation, and remarkable for having several birdlike

features.</def>



<hw>Compt</hw> <pr>(kount, <it>formerly</it> k\'cemt; 215)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>compte</ets>. See <er>Count</er> an

account.]</ety> <def>Account; reckoning; computation.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Compt</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>compter</ets>. See

<er>Count</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>To compute; to

count. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Count</er>.</def>



<hw>Compt</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>comptus</ets>, p. p.

of <ets>comere</ets> to care for, comb, arrange, adorn.]</ety>

<def>Neat; spruce.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Cotgrave.</au>



<hw>Compt"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

counter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>\'d8Compte" ren`du</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A

report of an officer or agent.</def>



<hw>Compt"i*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Compt</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>Accountable;

responsible; sensitive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>I am very <qex>comptible</qex> even to the least sinister

usage.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Compt"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>Neatly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sherwood.</au>



<hw>Comp*trol"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & v.</pos> <def>See

<er>Control</er>.</def>



<hw>Comp*trol"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

controller; a public officer whose duty it is to examine certify

accounts.</def>



<hw>Com*pul"sa*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

L. <ets>compulsare</ets>, v. intens. of <ets>compellere</ets>.

See <er>Compel</er>.]</ety> <def>Compulsatory.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Com*pul"sa*tive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>By

compulsion.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Com*pul"sa*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Operating with force; compelling; forcing; constraininig;

resulting from, or enforced by, compulsion.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>To recover of us, by strong hand

And terms <qex>compulsatory</qex>, those foresaid lands.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Com*pul"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>compulsio</ets>. See <er>Compel</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of

compelling, or the state of being compelled; the act of driving

or urging by force or by physical or moral constraint; subjection

to force.</def>



<q>If reasons were as plentiful as blackberries, I would give no

man a reason upon <qex>compulsion</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>With what <qex>complusion</qex> and laborious flight

We sunk thus low.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Constraint</er>.</syn>



<hw>Com*pul"sive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

power to compel; exercising or applying compulsion.</def>



<q>Religion is . . . inconsistent with all <qex>compulsive</qex>

motives.</q>

<qau>Sharp.</qau>



<hw>Com*pul"sive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>By compulsion; by

force.</def>



<hw>Com*pul"so*ri*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv. In a compulsory

manner</pos><def>; <xex>by force or constraint</xex>.</def>



<hw>Com*pul"so*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>compulsorius</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having the power

of compulsion; constraining.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Obligatory; enjoined by authority; necessary;

due to complusion.</def>



<q>This contribution therestening fall infinitely short of their

hopes, they soon made it <qex>compulsory</qex>.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<hw>Com*punct"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>compunctus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <def>Affected with

compunction; conscience-stricken.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Com*punc"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>compunction</ets>, F. <ets>componction</ets>, L.

<ets>compunctio</ets>, fr. <ets>compungere</ets>,

<ets>compunctum</ets>, to prick; <ets>com-</ets> +

<ets>pungere</ets> to prick, sting. See <er>Pungent</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A pricking; stimulation.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>That acid piecering spirit which, with such activity and

<qex>compunction</qex>, invadeth the brains and nostrils.</q>

<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A picking of heart; poignant grief proceeding

from a sense of guilt or consciousness of causing pain; the sting

of conscience.</def>



<q>He acknowledged his disloyalty to the king, with expressions

of great <qex>compunction</qex>.</q>

<qau>Clarendon.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Compunction</er>, <er>Remorse</er>,

<er>Contrition</er>.</syn> <usage> <xex>Remorse</xex> is anguish

of soul under a sense of guilt or consciousness of having offened

God or brought evil upon one's self or others.

<xex>Compunction</xex> is the pain occasioned by a wounded and

awakened conscience. Neither of them implies true

<xex>contrition</xex>, which denotes self-condemnation,

humiliation, and repentance. We speak of the gnawings of

<xex>remorse</xex>; of <xex>compunction</xex> for a specific act

of transgression; of deep <xex>contrition</xex> in view of our

past lives. See <er>Regret</er>.</usage>



<hw>Com*punc"tion*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without

compunction.</def>



<hw>Com*punc"tious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of the

nature of compunction; caused by conscience; attended with, or

causing, compunction.</def>



<q>That no <qex>compunctious</qex> vistings of nature

Shake my fell purpose.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Com*punc"tious*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With

compunction.</def>



<hw>Com*punc"tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Sensitive

in respect of wrongdoing; conscientious.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>



<hw>Com`pur*ga"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>compurgatio</ets>, fr. <ets>compurgare</ets> to purify

wholly; <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>purgare</ets> to make pure. See

Purge, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld>

<def>The act or practice of justifying or confirming a man's

veracity by the oath of others; -- called also <altname>wager of

law</altname>. See <er>Purgation</er>; also <cref>Wager of

law</cref>, under <er>Wager</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Exculpation by testimony to one's veracity or

innocence.</def>



<q>He was privileged from his childhood from suspicion of

incontinency and needed no <qex>compurgation</qex>.</q>

<qau>Bp. Hacket.</qau>



<hw>Com"pur*ga`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[LL.]</ety> <def>One who bears testimony or swears to the

veracity or innocence of another. See <er>Purgation</er>; also

<cref>Wager of law</cref>, under <er>Wager</er>.</def>

<-- = character witness. -->



<q>All they who know me . . . will say they have reason in this

matter to be my <qex>compurgators</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chillingworth.</qau>



<hw>Com*pur`ga*to"ri*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Relating to a compurgator or to compurgation.</def>

\'bdTheir <xex>compurgatorial</xex> oath.\'b8



<au>Milman.</au>



<hw>Com*put"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>computabilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being computed,

numbered, or reckoned.</def>



<q>Not easily <qex>computable</qex> by arithmetic.</q>

<qau>Sir M. Hale.</qau>



<-- computable number. -->



<hw>Com`pu*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>computatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>computation</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or process of computing; calculation;

reckoning.</def>



<q>By just <qex>computation</qex> of the time.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>By a <qex>computation</qex> backward from ourselves.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The result of computation; the amount

computed.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Reckoning; calculation; estimate; account.</syn>



<hw>Com*pute"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Computed</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Computing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>computare</ets>. See <er>Count</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>

<def>To determine calculation; to reckon; to count.</def>



<q>Two days, as we <qex>compute</qex> the days of heaven.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>What's done we partly may <qex>compute</qex>,

But know not what's resisted.</q>

<qau>Burns.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To calculate; number; count; recken; estimate;

enumerate; rate. See <er>Calculate</er>.</syn>



<hw>Com*pute"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>computus</ets>:

cf. F. <ets>comput</ets>.]</ety> <def>Computation.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Com*put"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

computes.</def>



<-- a machine which computes -->



<hw>Com"pu*tist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

computer.</def>



<hw>Com"rade</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Sp. <ets>camarada</ets>, fr. L. <ets>camara</ets>, a

chamber; hence, a chamber-fellowship, and then a chamber-fellow:

cf. F. <ets>camarade</ets>. Cf. <er>Chamber</er>.]</ety> <def>A

mate, companion, or associate.</def>



<q>And turned my flying <qex>comrades</qex> to the charge.</q>

<qau>J. Baillie.</qau>



<q>I abjure all roofs, and choose . . . 

To be a <qex>comrade</qex> with the wolf and owl.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Com"rade*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>camarederie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The spirit of comradeship;

comradeship.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>\'bdCertainly\'b8, said Dunham, with the <qex>comradery</qex>

of the smoker.</q>

<qau>W. D. Howells.</qau>



<hw>Com"rade*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being a

comrade; intimate fellowship.</def>



<hw>Com"rogue`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A fellow

rogue.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Com"tism</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Named

after the French philosopher, Auguste <ets>Comte</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Positivism; the positive philosophy. See

<er>Positivism</er>.</def>



<hw>Com"tist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A disciple of

Comte; a positivist.</def>



<hw>Con</hw><def>- (<?/). A prefix, fr. L. <xex>cum</xex>,

signifying <xex>with</xex>, <xex>together</xex>, etc. See

<er>Com</er>-.</def>



<hw>Con</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Abbrev. from L.

<ets>contra</ets> against.]</ety> <def>Against the affirmative

side; in opposition; on the negative side; -- The antithesis of

<xex>pro</xex>, and usually in connection with it. See

<er>Pro</er>.</def>



<hw>Con</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Conned</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Conning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>cunnan</ets> to

know, be able, and (derived from this) <ets>cunnian</ets> to try,

test. See <er>Can</er>, <ets>v. t. & i.</ets>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To know; to understand; to acknowledge.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Of muses, Hobbinol, I <qex>con</qex> no skill.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<q>They say they <qex>con</qex> to heaven the highway.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To study in order to know; to peruse; to learn;

to commit to memory; to regard studiously.</def>



<q>Fixedly did look

Upon the muddy waters which he <qex>conned</qex>

As if he had been reading in a book.</q>

<qau>Wodsworth.</qau>



<q>I did not come into Parliament to <qex>con</qex> my

lesson.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<cs><col>To con answer</col>, <cd>to be able to answer.</cd>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <col>To con thanks</col>, <cd>to thank; to

acknowledge obligation. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Con</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Cond</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To conduct, or superintend the steering

of (a vessel); to watch the course of (a vessel) and direct the

helmsman how to steer.</def>



<hw>Con*a"cre</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

underlet a proportion of, for a single crop; -- said of a

farm.</def> <mark>[Ireland]</mark>



<hw>Con*a"cre</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A system of letting a

proportion of a farm for a single crop. <mark>[Ireland]</mark>

Also used adjectively; <as>as, the <ex>conacre</ex> system or

principle</as>.</def>



<au>Mozley & W.</au>



<hw>\'d8Co*na"ri*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The pineal

gland.</def>



<hw>Co*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conatio</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Philos.)</fld> <def>The power or

act which directs or impels to effort of any kind, whether

muscular or psychical.</def>



<q>Of <qex>conation</qex>, in other words, of desire and

will.</q>

<qau>J. S. Mill.</qau>



<hw>Co"na*tive</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Conatus</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to conation.</def>



<q>This division of mind into the three great classes of the

cognitive faculties, the feelings, . . . and the exertive or

<qex>conative</qex> powers, . . . was first promulgated by

Kant.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Co*na"tus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.

<ets>conatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>conari</ets> to attempt.]</ety>

<def>A natural tendency inherent in a body to develop itself; an

attempt; an effort.</def>



<q>What <qex>conatus</qex> could give prickles to the porcupine

or hedgehog, or to the sheep its fleece?</q>

<qau>Paley.</qau>



<hw>Con*cam"er*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>concameratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>concamerare</ets> to arch

over. See <er>Camber</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To arch over;

to vault.</def>



<q>Of the upper beak an inch and a half consisteth of one

<qex>concamerated</qex> bone.</q>

<qau>Grew.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To divide into chambers or cells.</def>



<au>Woodward.</au>



<hw>Con*cam`er*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>concameratio</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An arch or

vault.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A chamber of a multilocular shell.</def>



<au>Glanvill.</au>



<hw>Con*cat"e*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Concatenated</er>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Concatenating</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[L. <ets>concatenatus</ets>, p. p. of concatenare to

concatenate. See <er>Catenate</er>.]</ety> <def>To link together;

to unite in a series or chain, as things depending on one

another.</def>



<q>This all things friendly will <qex>concatenate</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dr. H. More</qau>



<hw>Con*cat`e*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>concatenatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A series of links united; a

series or order of things depending on each other, as if linked

together; a chain, a succession.</def>



<q>The stoics affirmed a fatal, unchangeable

<qex>concatenation</qex> of causes, reaching even to the illicit

acts of man's will.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<q>A <qex>concatenation</qex> of explosions.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<hw>Con*cause"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A joint

cause.</def>



<au>Fotherby.</au>



<-- p. 294 -->



<hw>Con`ca*va"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act

of making concave.</def>



<hw>Con"cave</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>concavus</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>cavus</ets>

hollow: cf. F. <ets>concave</ets>. See <er>Cave</er> a

hollow.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Hollow and curved or rounded;

vaulted; -- said of the interior of a curved surface or line, as

of the curve of the of the inner surface of an eggshell, in

opposition to <contr>convex</contr>; <as>as, a <ex>concave</ex>

mirror; the <ex>concave</ex> arch of the sky.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hollow; void of contents.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>As <qex>concave</qex> . . . as a worm-eaten nut.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Con"cave</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>concavum</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A hollow; an arched

vault; a cavity; a recess.</def>



<q>Up to the fiery <qex>concave</qex> towering hight.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A curved sheath or breasting

for a revolving cylinder or roll.</def>



<hw>Con"cave</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>concaved</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr.& vb.

n.</pos> <er>Concaving</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make hollow or

concave.</def>



<hw>Con"caved</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Her.)</fld>

<def>Bowed in the form of an arch; -- called also

<altname>arched</altname>.</def>



<hw>Con"cave*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Hollowness;

concavity.</def>



<hw>Con*cav"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Concavities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L.

<ets>concavitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>concavit\'82</ets>. See

<er>Concave</er>.]</ety> <def>A concave surface, or the space

bounded by it; the state of being concave.</def>



<hw>Con*ca`vo-con"cave</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Concave or hollow on both sides; double concave.</def>



<hw>Con*ca`vo-con"vex</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Concave on one side and convex on the other, as

an eggshell or a crescent.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Optics)</fld> <def>Specifically, having such a

combination of concave and convex sides as makes the focal axis

the shortest line between them. See <xex>Illust</xex>. under

<er>Lens</er>.</def>



<hw>Con*ca*"vous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>concavus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Concave.</def>



<au>Abp. potter.</au>



-- <wordforms><wf>Con*ca"vous*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Con*ceal"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Concealed</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Concealing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>conceler</ets>,

L. <ets>concelare</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>celare</ets>to

hide; akin to AS. <ets>helan</ets>, G. hehlen, E. <ets>hele</ets>

(<ets>to cover</ets>), <ets>helmet</ets>. See <er>Hell</er>,

<er>Helmet</er>.]</ety> <def>To hide or withdraw from

observation; to cover; to cover or keep from sight; to prevent

the discovery of; to withhold knowledge of.</def>



<q>It is the glory of God to <qex>conceal</qex> a thing.</q>

<qau>Prov. xxv. 2.</qau>



<q>Declare ye among the nations, . . . publish and

<qex>conceal</qex> not.</q>

<qau>Jer. 1. 2.</qau>



<q>He which finds him shall deserve our thanks, . . . 

He that <qex>conceals</qex> him, death.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To hide; secrete; screen; cover; disguise;

dissemble; mask; veil; cloak; screen.</syn> <usage> -- <er>To

Conceal</er>, <er>Hide</er>, <er>Disguise</er>,

<er>Dissemble</er>, <er>Secrete</er>. To <xex>hide</xex> is the

generic term, which embraces all the rest. To <xex>conceal</xex>

is simply not make known what we wish to keep secret. In the

Bible <xex>hide</xex> often has the specific meaning of

<xex>conceal</xex>. See <au>1 Sam. iii. 17, 18</au>. To

<xex>disguise</xex> or <xex>dissemble</xex> is to conceal by

assuming some false appearance. To <xex>secrete</xex> is to hide

in some place of secrecy. A man may <xex>conceal</xex> facts,

<xex>disguise</xex> his sentiments, <xex>dissemble</xex> his

feelings, <xex>secrete</xex> stolen goods.</usage>



<q>Bur double griefs afflict <qex>concealing</qex> hearts.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<q>Both <qex>dissemble</qex> deeply their affections.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>We have in these words a primary sense, which reveals a future

state, and a secondary sense, which <qex>hides</qex> and

<qex>secretes</qex> it.</q>

<qau>Warburton.</qau>



<hw>Con*ceal"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of being concealed.</def>



<hw>Con*cealed"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Hidden;

kept from sight; secreted.</def>



-- <wordforms><wf>Con*ceal"ed*ly</wf> <pr>(<?/)</pr>,

<pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Con*ceal"ed*ness</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<cs><col>Concealed weapons</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>dangerous

weapons so carried on the person as to be knowingly or willfully

concealed from sight, -- a practice forbidden by statute.<-- in

some states! --></cd></cs>



<hw>Con*ceal"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

conceals.</def>



<hw>Con*ceal"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>concelement</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

concealing; the state of being concealed.</def>



<q>But let <qex>concealment</qex>, like a worm i' the bud,

Feed on her damask cheek.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Some dear cause

Will in <qex>concealment</qex> wrap me up awhile.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A place of hiding; a secret place; a retreat

frem observation.</def>



<q>The cleft tree

Offers its kind <qex>concealment</qex> to a few.</q>

<qau>Thomson.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A secret; out of the way knowledge.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Well read in strange <qex>concealments</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Suppression of such facts and

circumstances as in justice ought to be made known.</def>



<au>Wharton.</au>



<hw>Con*cede"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Conceded</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Conceding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>concedere</ets>, <ets>concessum</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> +

<ets>cedere</ets> to go along, give way, yield: cf. F.

<ets>conc\'82der</ets>. See <er>Cede</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To yield or suffer; to surrender; to grant; as. to

<xex>concede</xex> the point in question.</def>



<au>Boyle.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To grant, as a right or privilege; to make

concession of.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To admit to be true; to acknowledge.</def>



<q>We <qex>concede</qex> that their citizens were those who lived

under different forms.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To grant; allow; admit; yield; surrender.</syn>



<hw>Con*cede"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To yield or make

concession.</def>



<q>I wished you to <qex>concede</qex> to America, at a time when

she prayed concession at our feet.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<hw>Con*ceit"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Through

French, fr. L. <ets>conceptus</ets> a conceiving, conception, fr.

<ets>concipere</ets> to conceive: cf. OF. p. p. nom.

<ets>conciez</ets> conceived. See <er>Conceive</er>, and cf.

<er>Concept</er>, <er>Deceit</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That

which is conceived, imagined, or formed in the mind; idea;

thought; image; conception.</def>



<q>In laughing, there ever procedeth a <qex>conceit</qex> of

somewhat ridiculous.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<q>A man wise in his own <qex>conceit</qex>.</q>

<qau>Prov. xxvi. 12.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Faculty of conceiving ideas; mental faculty;

apprehension; <as>as, a man of quick <ex>conceit</ex></as>.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>How often, alas! did her eyes say unto me that they loved! and

yet I, not looking for such a matter, had not my

<qex>conceit</qex> open to understand them.</q>

<qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Quickness of apprehension; active imagination;

lively fancy.</def>



<q>His wit's as thick as Tewksbury mustard; there's more

<qex>conceit</qex> in him than is in a mallet.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A fanciful, odd, or extravagant notion; a quant

fancy; an unnatural or affected conception; a witty thought or

turn of expression; a fanciful device; a whim; a quip.</def>



<q>On his way to the gibbet, a freak took him in the head to go

off with a <qex>conceit</qex>.</q>

<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>



<q>Some to <qex>conceit</qex> alone their works confine,

And glittering thoughts struck out at every line.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<q>Tasso is full of <qex>conceits</qex> . . . which are not only

below the dignity of heroic verse but contrary to its nature.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>An overweening idea of one's self; vanity.</def>



<q>Plumed with <qex>conceit</qex> he calls aloud.</q>

<qau>Cotton.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Design; pattern.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<cs><col>In conceit with</col>, <cd>in accord with; agreeing or

conforming.</cd> -- <col>Out of conceit with</col>, <cd>not

having a favorable opinion of; not pleased with; as, a man is

<xex>out of conceit with<xex> his dress.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To

put <nul>[one]</nul> out conceit with</col>, <cd>to make one

indifferent to a thing, or in a degree displeased with

it.</cd></cs>



<hw>Con*ceit"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

conceive; to imagine.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>The strong, by <qex>conceiting</qex> themselves weak, are

therebly rendered as inactive . . . as if they really were

so.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<q>One of two bad ways you must <qex>conceit</qex> me,

Either a coward or a flatterer.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Con*ceit"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To form an idea; to

think.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Those whose . . . vulgar apprehensions <qex>conceit</qex> but

low of matrimonial purposes.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Con*ceit"ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Endowed with

fancy or imagination.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>He was . . . pleasantly <qex>conceited</qex>, and sharp of

wit.</q>

<qau>Knolles.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Entertaining a flattering opinion of one's self;

vain.</def>



<q>If you think me too <qex>conceited</qex>

Or to passion quickly heated.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<q><qex>Conceited</qex> of their own wit, science, and

politeness.</q>

<qau>Bentley.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Curiously contrived or designed; fanciful.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A <qex>conceited</qex> chair to sleep in.</q>

<qau>Evelyn.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Vain; proud; opinionated; egotistical.</syn>



<hw>Con*ceit"ed*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In an

egotistical manner.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fancifully; whimsically.</def>



<hw>Con*ceit"ed*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being

conceited; conceit; vanity.</def>



<au>Addison.</au>



<hw>Con*ceit"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without wit;

stupid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Think'st thou I am so shallow, so <qex>conceitless</qex>.

To be seduced by thy flattery?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Con*ceiv"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>concevable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being conceived,

imagined, or understood.</def> \'bdAny <xex>conceivable</xex>

weight.\'b8



<au>Bp. Wilkins.</au>



<q>It is not <qex>conceivable</qex> that it should be indeed that

very person whose shape and voice it assumed.</q>

<qau>Atterbury.</qau>



-- <wordforms><wf>Con*ceiv"a*ble*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos> --

<wf>Con*ceiv"a*bly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Con*ceive"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Conceived</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Conceiving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>conzoivre</ets>,

<ets>concever</ets>, <ets>conceveir</ets>, F.

<ets>concevoir</ets>, fr. L. <ets>oncipere</ets> to take, to

conceive; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>capere</ets> to seize or take.

See <er>Capable</er>, and cf. <er>Conception</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To receive into the womb and begin to breed; to

begin the formation of the embryo of.</def>



<q>She hath also <qex>conceived</qex> a son in her old age.</q>

<qau>Luke i. 36.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To form in the mind; to plan; to devise; to

generate; to originate; <as>as, to <ex>conceive</ex> a purpose,

plan, hope</as>.</def>



<q>It was among the ruins of the Capitol that I first

<qex>conceived</qex> the idea of a work which has amused and

exercised near twenty years of my life.</q>

<qau>Gibbon.</qau>



<q><qex>Conceiving</qex> and uttering from the heart words of

falsehood.</q>

<qau>Is. lix. 13.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To apprehend by reason or imagination; to take

into the mind; to know; to imagine; to comprehend; to

understand.</def> \'bdI <xex>conceive</xex> you.\'b8



<au>Hawthorne.</au>



<q>O horror, horror, horror! Tongue nor heart

Cannot <qex>conceive</qex> nor name thee!</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>You will hardly <qex>conceive</qex> him to have been bred in

the same climate.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To apprehend; imagine; suppose; understand;

comprehend; believe; think.</syn>



<hw>Con*ceive"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To have an

embryo or fetus formed in the womb; to breed; to become

pregnant.</def>



<q>A virgin shall <qex>conceive</qex>, and bear a son.</q>

<qau>Isa. vii. 14.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To have a conception, idea, or opinion; think;

-- with <xex>of</xex>.</def>



<q><qex>Conceive</qex> of things clearly and distinctly in their

own natures.</q>

<qau>I. Watts.</qau>



<hw>Con*ceiv"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

conceives.</def>



<hw>Con*cel"e*brate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>concelebratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>concelebrare</ets> to

concelebrate.]</ety> <def>To celebrate together.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Holland.</au>



<hw>Con*cent"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>concentus</ets>, fr. <ets>concinere</ets> to sing together;

<ets>con-</ets> + <ets>canere</ets> to sing.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Concert of voices; concord of sounds; harmony; <as>as, a

<ex>concent</ex> of notes</as>.</def> <mark>[Archaic.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<q>That undisturbed song of pure <qex>concent</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Consistency; accordance.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>In <qex>concent</qex> to his own principles.</q>

<qau>Atterbury.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Con*cen"ter</hw>, <hw>Con*cen"tre</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Concentered</er> or <er>Concentred</er>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr & vb. n.</pos> <er>Concentering</er>

<pr>(?)</pr> or <er>Concentring</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[F. <ets>concentrer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>con-</ets> +

<ets>centrum</ets> center. See <er>Center</er>, and cf.

<er>Concentrate</er>]</ety> <def>To come to one point; to meet

in, or converge toward, a common center; to have a common

center.</def>



<q>God, in whom all perfections <qex>concenter</qex>.</q>

<qau>Bp. Beveridge.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Con*cen"ter</hw>, <hw>Con*cen"tre</hw>  }</mhw>,

<pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To draw or direct to a common center; to

bring together at a focus or point, as two or more lines; to

concentrate.</def>



<q>In thee <qex>concentering</qex> all their precious beams.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>All is <qex>concentered</qex> in a life intense.</q>

<qau>Byren.</qau>



<hw>Con*cen"trate</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Concentrated</er>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Concentrating</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>con-</ets> + L. <ets>centrum</ets> center. Cf.

<er>Concenter</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To bring to, or

direct toward, a common center; to unite more closely; to gather

into one body, mass, or force; to fix; <as>as, to

<ex>concentrate</ex> rays of light into a focus; to

<ex>concentrate</ex> the attention.</as></def>



<q>(He) <qex>concentrated</qex> whole force at his own camp.</q>

<qau>Motley.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To increase the strength and diminish the bulk

of, as of a liquid or an ore; to intensify, by getting rid of

useless material; to condense; <as>as, to <ex>concentrate</ex>

acid by evaporation; to <ex>concentrate</ex> by washing</as>; --

opposed to <ant>dilute</ant>.</def>



<q>Spirit of vinegar <qex>concentrated</qex> and reduced to its

greatest strength.</q>

<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To combine; to condense; to consolidate.</syn>



<hw>Con*cen"trate</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<def>To approach or meet in a common center; to consolidate;

<as>as, population tends to <ex>concentrate</ex> in

cities</as>.</def>



<hw>Con`cen*tra"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>concentration</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or

process of concentrating; the process of becoming concentrated,

or the state of being concentrated; concentration.</def>



<q><qex>Concentration</qex> of the lunar beams.</q>

<qau>Boyle.</qau>



<q>Intense <qex>concetration</qex> of thought.</q>

<qau>Sir J. Herschel.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act or process of reducing the volume of a

liquid, as by evaporation.</def>



<q>The acid acquires a higher degree of

<qex>concentration</qex>.</q>

<qau>Knight.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>The act or process of

removing the dress of ore and of reducing the valuable part to

smaller compass, as by currents of air or water.</def>



<hw>Con*cen"tra*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Serving or tending to concentrate; characterized by

concentration.</def>



<q>A discrimination is only possible by a

<qex>concentrative</qex> act, or act of attention.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>



<hw>Con*cen"tra*tive*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The quality of concentrating.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Phren.)</fld> <def>The faculty or propensity

which has to do with concentrating the intellectual the

intellectual powers.</def>



<au>Combe.</au>



<hw>Con"cen*tra`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>An apparatus for the separation of dry

comminuted ore, by exposing it to intermittent puffs of

air.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Con*cen"tric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Con*cen"tric*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[F. <ets>concentrique</ets>. See <er>Concenter</er>.]</ety>

<def>Having a common center, as circles of different size, one

within another.</def>



<q><qex>Concentric</qex> circles upon the surface of the

water.</q>

<qau>Sir I. Newton.</qau>



<q><qex>Concentrical</qex> rings like those of an onion.</q>

<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>



<hw>Con*cen"tric</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That which has a common

center with something else.</def>



<q>Its pecular relations to its <qex>concentrics</qex>.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<hw>Con*cen"tric*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a concentric

manner.</def>



<hw>Con`cen*tric"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

state of being concentric.</def>



<hw>Con*cen"tu*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>From</pos> <er>Concent</er>.]</wordforms>

<def>Possesing harmony; accordant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Warton.</au>



<hw>Con"cept</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conceptus</ets> (cf. neut. <ets>conceptum</ets> fetus), p.

p. of <ets>concipere</ets> to conceive: cf. F.

<ets>concept</ets>. See <er>Conceit</er>.]</ety> <def>An abstract

general conception; a notion; a universal.</def>



<q>The words <qex>conception</qex>, <qex>concept</qex>,

<qex>notion</qex>, should be limited to the thought of what can

not be represented in the imagination; as, the thought suggested

by a general term.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>



<hw>Con*cep"ta*cle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conceptaculum</ets>, fr. <ets>concipere</ets> to receive.

See <er>Conceive</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That in which

anything is contained; a vessel; a receiver or receptacle.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Woodward.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A pericarp,

opening longitudinally on one side and having the seeds loose in

it; a follicle; a double follicle or pair of follicles.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the cases containing the spores, etc.,

of flowerless plants, especially of algae.</def>



<hw>Con*cep`ti*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality of being conceivable; conceivableness.</def>



<au>Cudworth.</au>



<hw>Con*cep"ti*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Conceive</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being conceived;

conceivable.</def>



<au>Sir M. Hale.</au>



<hw>Con*cep"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>conception</ets>, L. <ets>conceptio</ets>, fr.

<ets>concipere</ets> to conceive. See <er>Conceive</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of conceiving in the womb; the

initiation of an embryonic animal life.</def>



<q>I will greaty multiply thy sorrow and thy

<qex>conception</qex>.</q>

<qau>Gen. iii. 16.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being conceived; beginning.</def>



<q>Joy had the like <qex>conception</qex> in our eyes.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The power or faculty of apprehending of forming

an idea in the mind; the power of recalling a past sensation or

perception.</def>



<q>Under the article of <qex>conception</qex>, I shall confine

myself to that faculty whose province it is to enable us to form

a notion of our past sensations, or of the objects of sense that

we have formerly perceived.</q>

<qau>Stewart.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The formation in the mind of an image, idea, or

notion, apprehension.</def>



<q><qex>Conception</qex> consists in a conscious act of the

understanding, bringing any given object or impression into the

same class with any number of other objects or impression, by

means of some character or characters common to them all.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The image, idea, or notion of any action or

thing which is formed in the mind; a concept; a notion; a

universal; the product of a rational belief or judgment. See

<er>Concept</er>.</def>



<q>He [Herodotus] says that the sun draws or attracts the water;

a metaphorical term obviously intended to denote some more

general and abstract <qex>conception</qex> than that of the

visible operation which the word primarily signifies.</q>

<qau>Whewell.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Idea; purpose; design.</def>



<q>Note this dangerous <qex>conception</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Conceit; affected sentiment or thought.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>He . . . is full of <qex>conceptions</qex>, points of epigram,

and witticism.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Idea; notion; perception; apprehemsion;

comprehension.</syn>



<-- p. 295 -->



<hw>Con*cep"tion*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to conception.</def>



<hw>Con*cep"tion*al*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

conceptualist.</def>



<hw>Con*cep"tious</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Apt to conceive;

fruitful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Con*cep"tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>conceptif</ets>, L. <ets>conceptivus</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Capable of conceiving.</def>



<au>Sir T. Browne</au>



<hw>Con*cep"tu*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to conception.</def>



<hw>Con*cep"tu*al*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>A theory, intermediate between realism

and nominalism, that the mind has the power of forming for itself

general conceptions of individual or single objects.</def>



<au>Stewart.</au>



<hw>Con*cep"tu*al*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld>

<def>One who maintains the theory of conceptualism.</def>



<au>Stewart.</au>



<hw>Con*cern"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Concerned</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Concerning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>concerner</ets>,

LL. <ets>concernere</ets> to regard, concern, fr. L.

<ets>concernere</ets> to mix or mingle together, as in a sieve

for separating; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>cernere</ets> to separate,

sift, distinguish by the senses, and especially by the eyes, to

perceive, see. See <er>Certain</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

relate or belong to; to have reference to or connection with; to

affect the interest of; to be of importance to.</def>



<q>Preaching the kingdom of God, and teaching those things which

<qex>concern</qex> the Lord Jesus Christ.</q>

<qau>Acts xxviii. 31.</qau>



<q>Our wars with France have affected us in our most tender

interests, and <qex>concerned</qex> us more than those with any

other nation.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<q>It much <qex>concerns</qex> a preacher first to learn

The genius of his audience and their turn.</q>

<qau>Dodsley.</qau>



<q>Ignorant, so far as the usual instruction is

<qex>concerned</qex>.</q>

<qau>J. F. Cooper.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To engage by feeling or sentiment; to interest;

<as>as, a good prince <ex>concerns</ex> himself in the happiness

of his subjects</as>.</def>



<q>They think themselves out the reach of Providence, and no

longer <qex>concerned</qex> to solicit his favor.</q>

<qau>Rogers.</qau>



<hw>Con*cern"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To be of

importance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Which to deny <qex>concerns</qex> more than avails.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Con*cern"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which

relates or belongs to one; business; affair.</def>



<q>The private <qex>concerns</qex> of fanilies.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which affects the welfare or happiness;

interest; moment.</def>



<q>Mysterious secrets of a high <qex>concern</qex>.</q>

<qau>Roscommon.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Interest in, or care for, any person or thing;

regard; solicitude; anxiety.</def>



<q>O Marcia, let me hope thy kind <qex>concerns</qex>

And gentle wishes follow me to beattle.</q>

<qau>{\*\bkmkstart last}\error \*\bkmkend last}Addison.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>Persons connected in business;

a firm and its business; <as>as, a banking

<ex>concern</ex></as>.</def>



<cs><col>The whole concern</col>, <cd>all connected with a

particular affair or business.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Care; anxiety; solicitude; interest; regard;

business; affair; matter; moment. See <er>Care</er>.</syn>



<hw>Con*cerned"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Concern</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, 2.]</ety> <def>Disturbed;

troubled; solicitous; <as>as, to be much <ex>concerned</ex> for

the safety of a friend</as>.</def>



<hw>Con*cern"ed*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

concerned manner; solicitously; sympathetically.</def>



<hw>Con*cern"ing</hw>, <pos>prep.</pos> <def>Pertaining to;

regarding; having relation to; respecting; as regards.</def>



<q>I have accepted thee <qex>concerning</qex> this thing.</q>

<qau>Gen. xix. 21.</qau>



<q>The Lord hath spoken good <qex>concerning</qex> Israel.</q>

<qau>Num. x. 29.</qau>



<hw>Con*cern"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Important.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>So great and so <qex>concerning</qex> truth.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<hw>Con*cern"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>That in which one is concerned or interested; concern;

affair; interest.</def> \'bdOur everlasting

<xex>concernments</xex>.\'b8



<au>I. Watts.</au>



<q>To mix with thy <qex>concernments</qex> I desist.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Importance; moment; consequence.</def>



<q>Let every action of <qex>concernment</qex> to begun with

prayer.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Concern; participation; interposition.</def>



<q>He married a daughter to the earl without any other

approbation of her father or <qex>concernment</qex> in it, than

suffering him and her come into his presence.</q>

<qau>Clarendon.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Emotion of mind; solicitude; anxiety.</def>



<q>While they are so eager to destory the fame of others, their

ambition is manifest in their <qex>concernment</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Con*cert"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Concerted</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Concerting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.

<ets>concerter</ets>, It. <ets>concertare</ets>,

<ets>conertare</ets>, prob. from L. <ets>consertus</ets>, p. p.

of <ets>conserere</ets> to join together; <ets>con-</ets> +

<ets>serere</ets> to join together, influenced by

<ets>concertare</ets> to contend; <ets>con-</ets> +

<ets>centare</ets> to strive; properly, to try to decide; fr.

<ets>cernere</ets> to distinguish. See <er>Series</er>, and cf.

<er>Concern</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To plan together; to

settle or adjust by conference, agreement, or consultation.</def>



<q>It was <qex>concerted</qex> to begin the siege in March.</q>

<qau>Bp. Burnet.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To plan; to devise; to arrange.</def>



<q>A commander had more trouble to <qex>concert</qex> his defense

before the people than to plan . . . the compaign.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<hw>Con*cert"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To act in harmony or

conjunction; to form combined plans.</def>



<q>The ministers of Denmark were appointed to <qex>concert</qex>

with Talbot.</q>

<qau>Bp. Burnet</qau>



<hw>Con"cert</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>concert</ets>, It. <ets>concerto</ets>, <ets>conserto</ets>,

fr. <ets>concertare</ets>. See <er>Concert</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Agreement in a design or plan;

union formed by mutual communication of opions and viewa;

accordance in a scheme; harmony; simultaneous action.</def>



<q>All these discontens, how ruinous soever, have arisen from the

want of a due communication and <qex>concert</qex>.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Musical accordance or harmony; concord.</def>



<q>Let us in <qex>concert</qex> to the season sing.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A musical entertainment in which several voices

or instruments take part.</def>



<q>Visit by night your lady's chamber window

With some sweet <qex>concert</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>And boding screech owls make the <qex>concert</qex> full.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>Concert pitch</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Pitch</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Con`cer*tan"te</hw> <pr>(?; It. ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[It., orig p. pr. of <ets>concertare</ets> to form or

perform a concert. See <er>Concert</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>

<def>A concert for two or more principal instruments, with

orchestral accompaniment. Also adjectively; <as>as,

<ex>concertante</ex> parts</as>.</def>



<hw>Con`cer*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>concertatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Strife; contention.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Con*cer"ta*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>concertativus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Contentious;

quarrelsome.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Con*cert"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Mutually

contrived or planned; agreed on; <as>as, <ex>concerted</ex>

schemes, signals</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Concerted piece</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a

composition in parts for several voices or instrument, as a trio,

a quartet, etc.</cd></cs>



<hw>Con`cer*ti"na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From It.

<ets>concerto</ets> a concert.]</ety> <def>A small musical

imstrument on the principle of the accordion. It is a small

elastic box, or bellows, having free reeds on the inside, and

keys and handles on the outside of each of the two hexagonal

heads.</def>



<hw>Con`cer*ti"no</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Concertina</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A piece for

one or more solo instruments with orchestra; -- more concise than

the <xex>concerto</xex>.</def>



<hw>Con*cer"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Act of

concerting; adjustment.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Young.</au>



<hw>\'d8Con*cert`meis"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[G.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The head violinist or

leader of the strings in an orchestra; the sub-leader of the

orchestra; concert master.</def>



<hw>Con*cer"to</hw> <pr>(?; It. ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Concertos</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[It. See

<er>Concert</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A

composition (usually in symphonic form with three movements) in

which one instrument (or two or three) stands out in bold relief

against the orchestra, or accompaniment, so as to display its

qualities or the performer's skill.</def>



<hw>Con*ces"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>concessio</ets>, fr. <ets>concedere</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>concession</ets>. See Concede.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

act of conceding or yielding; usually implying a demand, claim,

or request, and thus distinguished from <xex>giving</xex>, which

is voluntary or spontaneous.</def>



<q>By mutual <qex>concession</qex> the business was adjusted.</q>

<qau>Hallam.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A thing yielded; an acknowledgment or admission;

a boon; a grant; esp. a grant by government of a privilege or

right to do something; <as>as, a <ex>concession</ex> to build a

canal</as>.</def>



<q>This is therefore a <qex>concession</qex> , that he doth . . .

believe the Scriptures to be sufficiently plain.</q>

<qau>Sharp.</qau>



<q>When a lover becomes satisfied by small compliances without

further pursuits, then expect to find popular assemblies content

with small <qex>concessions</qex>.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<hw>Con*ces"sion*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who favors

concession.</def>



<hw>Con*ces"sive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>concessivus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Implying concession; <as>as,

a <ex>concessive</ex> conjunction</as>.</def>



<au>Lowth.</au>



<hw>Con*ces"sive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>By way of

concession.</def>



<hw>Con*ces"so*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Conceding; permissive.</def>



<hw>Con*cet"tism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The use of

<xex>concetti</xex> or affected conceits.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>C. Kingsley.</au>



<hw>\'d8Con*cet"to</hw> <pr>(?; It. ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl. <plw>Concetti</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[It., fr.

L. <ets>conceptus</ets>. See <er>Conceit</er>.]</ety>

<def>Affected wit; a conceit.</def>



<au>Chesterfield.</au>



<hw>Conch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>concha</ets>, Gr. <?/. See <er>Coach</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

name applied to various marine univalve shells; esp. to those of

the genus <spn>Strombus</spn>, which are of large size. <spn>S.

gigas</spn> is the large pink West Indian conch. The large king,

queen, and cameo conchs are of the genus <spn>Cassis</spn>. See

<er>Cameo</er>.</def>



<note><hand/ The <xex>conch</xex> is sometimes used as a horn or

trumpet, as in fogs at sea, or to call laborers from work.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In works of art, the shell used by Tritons as a

trumpet.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>One of the white natives of the Bahama Islands

or one of their descendants in the Florida Keys; -- so called

from the commonness of the conch there, or because they use it

for food.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>See <er>Concha</er>,

<pos>n.</pos></def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The external ear. See <er>Concha</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, 2.</def>



<hw>\'d8Con"cha</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL. (in

sense 1), fr. <?/ <ets>concha</ets>. See <er>Conch</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The plain semidome of an

apse; sometimes used for the entire apse.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The external ear; esp. the

largest and deepest concavity of the external ear, surrounding

the entrance to the auditory canal.</def>



<hw>Con"chal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>Pertaining to the concha, or external ear; <as>as, the

<ex>conchal</ex> cartilage</as>.</def>



<hw>Con"chi*fer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>conchof\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One

of the Conchifera.</def>



<hw>\'d8Con*chif"e*ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n</pos>,

<plu>pl.</plu> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>concha</ets> +

<ets>ferre</ets> to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>That

class of Mollusca which includes the bivalve shells; the

Lamellibranchiata. See <er>Mollusca</er>.</def>



<hw>Con*chif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Producing or having shells.</def>



<hw>Con"chi*form</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Conch</ets> +

<ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Shaped like one half of a bivalve

shell; shell-shaped.</def>



<hw>Con"chi*nine</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Formed by transposition fr. <ets>cinchonine</ets>.]</ety>

<def>See <er>Quinidine</er>.</def>



<hw>Con"chite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>conchite</ets>. See <er>Conch</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A fossil or petrified conch or

shell.</def>



<hw>Con*chit"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Composed of

shells; containing many shells.</def>



<hw>Con"choid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/

shell + <?/ form: cf. F. <ets>concho\'8bde</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A curve, of the fourth degree, first made

use of by the Greek geometer, Nicomedes, who invented it for the

purpose of trisecting an angle and duplicating the cube.</def>



<hw>Con*choid"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>concho\'8bdal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Having

elevations or depressions in form like one half of a bivalve

shell; -- applied principally to a surface produced by

fracture.</def>



<hw>Con`cho*log"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or connected with,

conchology.</def>



<hw>Con*chol"o*gist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One who studies, or is versed in,

conchology.</def>



<hw>Con*chol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Conch</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The science of Mollusca, and of the

shells which they form; malacology.</def>



<hw>Con*chom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Conch</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An instrument for measuring shells, or

the angle of their spire.</def>



<hw>Con*chom"e*try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The art of measuring shells or their

curves; conchyliometry.</def>



<hw>Con`cho-spi"ral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A kind

of spiral curve found in certain univalve shells.</def>



<au>Agassiz.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Con`chy*la"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Con*chyl`i*a"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>conchylium</ets> shell, Gr. <?/, dim. of <?/,

equiv. to <?/. See <er>Conch</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining

to shells; resembling a shell; <as>as, <ex>conchyliaceous</ex>

impressions</as>.</def>



<au>Kirwan.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Con*chyl`i*ol"o*gist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>,

<hw>Con*chyl`i*ol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<def>See <er>Conchologist</er>, and <er>Conchology</er>.</def>



<hw>Con*chyl`i*om"e*try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ + <ets>-metry</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as

<er>Conchometry</er>.</def>



<hw>Con*chyl"i*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Conchylaceous.</def>



<hw>Con"ci*a`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.

<ets>conciatore</ets>, fr. <ets>conciare</ets> to adjust, dress,

fr. L. <ets>comtus</ets>, p. p. See <er>Compt</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Glass Works)</fld> <def>The person who

weighs and proportions the materials to be made into glass, and

who works and tempers them.</def>



<hw>\'d8Con`cierge"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>One who keeps the entrance to an edifice,

public or private; a doorkeeper; a janitor, male or female.</def>



<hw>Con*cil"i*a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conciliabulum</ets>, fr. <ets>concitium</ets> assembly: cf.

F. <ets>conciliabule</ets>. See <er>Council</er>.]</ety> <def>A

small or private assembly, especially of an ecclesiastical

nature.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Con*cil"i*a*ble</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>conciliable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being conciliated

or reconciled.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Con*cil"i*a*bule</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Conciliable</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>An obscure

ecclesiastical council; a conciliable.</def>



<au>Milman.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Con*cil"i*ar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Con*cil"i*a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>conciliare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining

to, or issued by, a council.</def>



<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>



<hw>Con*cil"i*ate</hw> <pr>(?; 106)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Conciliated</er>; <pos>p.

pr & vb. n.</pos> <er>Conciliating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>conciliatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>conciliare</ets> to draw or

bring together, unite, from <ets>concilium</ets> council. See

<er>Council</er>.]</ety> <def>To win ower; to gain from a state

of hostility; to gain the good will or favor of; to make

friendly; to mollify; to propitiate; to appease.</def>



<q>The rapacity of his father's administration had excited such

universal discontent, that it was found expedient to

<qex>conciliate</qex> the nation.</q>

<qau>Hallam.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To reconcile; propitiate; appease; pacify.</syn>



<hw>Con*cil`i*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conciliatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of

conciliating; the state of being conciliated.</def>



<q>The house has gone further; it has declared

<qex>conciliation</qex> admissible previous to any submission on

the part of America.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<hw>Con*cil"i*a*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Conciliatory.</def>



<au>Coleridge.</au>



<hw>Con*cil"i*a`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who conciliates.</def>



<hw>Con*cil"i*a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?; 106)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Tending to conciliate; pacific; mollifying;

propitiating.</def>



<q>The only alternative, therefore, was to have recourse to the

<qex>conciliatory</qex> policy.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<hw>Con*cin"nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>concinnatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>concinnare</ets> to

concinnate. See <er>Concinnity</er>.]</ety> <def>To place fitly

together; to adapt; to clear.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Holland.</au>



<hw>Con*cin"ni*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>concinnitas</ets>, fr. <ets>concinnus</ets> skillfully put

together, beautiful. Of uncertain origin.]</ety> <def>Internal

harmony or fitness; mutual adaptation of parts; elegance; -- used

chiefly of style of discourse.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>An exact <qex>concinnity</qex> and eveness of fancy.</q>

<qau>Howell.</qau>



<hw>Con*cin"nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>concinnus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Characterized by concinnity;

neat; elegant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>The most <qex>concinnous</qex> and most rotund of proffessors,

M. Heyne.</q>

<qau>De Quiency.</qau>



<hw>Con"cio*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>concionatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>concionari</ets> to

adress.]</ety> <def>To preach.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Lithgow.</au>



<hw>Con"cio*na`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An haranguer of the people; a

preacher.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Old Law)</fld> <def>A common councilman.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Con"cio*na`to*ry</hw> <pr>(?; 106)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Of or pertaining to preaching or public addresses.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Howell.</au>



<hw>Con*cise"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>concisus</ets> cut off, short, p. p. of <ets>concidere</ets>

to cut to pieces; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>caedere</ets> to cut;

perh. akin to <ets>scindere</ets> to cleave, and to E.

<ets>shed</ets>, v.t.; cf. F. <ets>concis</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Expressing much in a few words; condensed; brief and

compacted; -- used of style in writing or speaking.</def>



<q>The <qex>concise</qex> style, which expresseth not enough, but

leaves somewhat to be understood.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<q>Where the author is . . . too brief and <qex>concise</qex>,

amplify a little.</q>

<qau>I. Watts.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Laconic; terse; brief; short; compendious; summary;

succinct. See <er>Laconic</er>, and <er>Terse</er>.</syn>



<hw>Con*cise"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a concise manner;

briefly.</def>



<hw>Con*cise"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

concise.</def>



<hw>Con*ci"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>concisio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>concision</ets>. See

<er>Concise</er>.]</ety> <def>A cutting off; a division; a

schism; a faction.</def>



<au>South.</au>



<hw>Con`ci*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>concitatio</ets>. See <er>Concite</er>.]</ety> <def>The act

of stirring up, exciting, or agitating.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

\'bdThe <xex>concitation</xex> of humors.\'b8



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Con*cite"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>concitare</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>citare</ets>. See

Cite.]</ety> <def>To excite or stir up.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Cotgrave.</au>



<-- p. 296 -->



<hw>Con`cla*ma"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conclamatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>An outcry or shout of many

together.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Before his funeral <qex>conclamation</qex>.</q>

<qau>May (Lucan).</qau>



<hw>Con"clave</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>conclave</ets> a room that may locked up;

<ets>con-</ets> + <ets>clavis</ets> key. See

<er>Clavicle</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The set of apartments

within which the cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church are

continuously secluded while engaged in choosing a pope.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The body of cardinals shut up in the conclave

for the election of a pope; hence, the body of cardinals.</def>



<q>It was said a cardinal, by reason of his apparent likelihood

to step into St. Peter's chair, that in two <qex>conclaves</qex>

he went in pope and came out again cardinal.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A private meeting; a close or secret

assembly.</def>



<q>The verdicts pronounced by this <qex>conclave</qex> (Johnson's

Club) on new books, were speedily known over all London.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<cs><col>To be in conclave</col>, <cd>to be engaged in a secret

meeting; -- said of several, or a considerable number of,

persons.</cd></cs>



<hw>Con"cla`vist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>conclaviste</ets>, It. <ets>conclavista</ets>.]</ety>

<def>One of the two ecclesiastics allowed to attend a cardinal in

the conclave.</def>



<hw>Con*clude"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Concluded</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Concluding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>concludere</ets>, <ets>conclusum</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> +

<ets>claudere</ets> to shut. See <er>Close</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To shut up; to inclose.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The very person of Christ [was] <qex>concluded</qex> within

the grave.</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To include; to comprehend; to shut up together;

to embrace.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>For God hath <qex>concluded</qex> all in unbelief.</q>

<qau>Rom. xi. 32.</qau>



<q>The Scripture hath <qex>concluded</qex> all under sin.</q>

<qau>Gal. iii. 22.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To reach as an end of reasoning; to infer, as

from premises; to close, as an argument, by inferring; --

sometimes followed by a dependent clause.</def>



<q>No man can <qex>conclude</qex> God's love or hatred to any

person by anything that befalls him.</q>

<qau>Tillotson.</qau>



<q>Therefore we <qex>conclude</qex> that a man is justified by

faith.</q>

<qau>Rom. iii. 28.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To make a final determination or judgment

concerning; to judge; to decide.</def>



<q>But no frail man, however great or high,

Can be <qex>concluded</qex> blest before he die.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<q>Is it <qex>concluded</qex> he shall be protector?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To bring to an end; to close; to finish.</def>



<q>I will <qex>conclude</qex> this part with the speech of a

counselor of state.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To bring about as a result; to effect; to make;

<as>as, to <ex>conclude</ex> a bargain</as>.</def> \'bdIf we

<xex>conclude</xex> a peace.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>To shut off; to restrain; to limit; to estop; to

bar; -- generally in the passive; <as>as, the defendant is

<ex>concluded</ex> by his own plea; a judgment <ex>concludes</ex>

the introduction of further evidence argument.</as></def>



<q>If therefore they will appeal to revelation for their creation

they must be <qex>concluded</qex> by it.</q>

<qau>Sir M. Hale.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To infer; decide; determine; settle; close; finish;

terminate; end.</syn>



<hw>Con*clude"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To come to

a termination; to make an end; to close; to end; to

terminate.</def>



<q>A train of lies,

That, made in lust, <qex>conclude</qex> in perjuries.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>And, to <qex>conclude</qex>,

The victory fell on us.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To form a final judgment; to reach a

decision.</def>



<q>Can we <qex>conclude</qex> upon Luther's instability?</q>

<qau>Bp. Atterbury.</qau>



<q><qex>Conclude</qex> and be agreed.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Con*clud"en*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Deduction from premises; inference; conclusion.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir M. Hale.</au>



<hw>Con*clud"ent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>concludens</ets>, p. pr.]</ety> <def>Bringing to a close;

decisive; conclusive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Arguments highly consequential and <qex>concludent</qex> to my

purpose.</q>

<qau>Sir M. Hale.</qau>



<hw>Con*clud"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

concludes.</def>



<hw>Con*clud"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>Conclusively.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Digby.</au>



<hw>Con*clu"si*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Demonstrable; determinable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Hammond.</au>



<hw>Con*clu"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.

L. <ets>conclusio</ets>. See <er>Conclude</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The last part of anything; close; termination;

end.</def>



<q>A fluorish of trumpets announced the <qex>conclusion</qex> of

the contest.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Final decision; determination; result.</def>



<q>And the <qex>conclusion</qex> is, she shall be thine.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Any inference or result of reasoning.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>The inferred proposition of a

syllogism; the necessary consequence of the conditions asserted

in two related propositions called premises. See

<er>Syllogism</er>.</def>



<q>He granted him both the major and minor, but denied him the

<qex>conclusion</qex>.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Drawing of inferences.</def>

<mark>[Poetic]</mark>



<q>Your wife Octavia, with her modest eyes

And still <qex>conclusion</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>An experiment, or something from which a

conclusion may be drawn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>We practice likewise all <qex>conclusions</qex> of grafting

and inoculating.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The end or close

of a pleading, <it>e.g.</it>, the formal ending of an indictment,

\'bdagainst the peace,\'b8 etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An

estoppel or bar by which a person is held to a particular

position.</def>



<au>Wharton.</au>



<cs><col>Conclusion to the country</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>,

<cd>the conclusion of a pleading by which a party \'bdputs

himself upon the country,\'b8 <it>i.e.</it>, appeals to the

verdict of a jury.</cd> <au>Mozley & W.</au> -- <col>In

conclusion</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Finally.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd>

<cd>In short.</cd> -- <col>To try conclusions</col>, <cd>to make

a trial or an experiment.</cd></cs>



<q>Like the famous ape,

<qex>To try conclusions</qex>, in the basket creep.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Inference; deduction; result; consequence; end;

decision. See <er>Inference</er>.</syn>



<hw>Con*clu"sive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>conclusif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to a close or

termination; decisive; convincing; putting an end to debate or

question; leading to, or involving, a conclusion or

decision.</def>



<q>Secret reasons . . . equally <qex>conclusive</qex> for us as

they were for them.</q>

<qau>Rogers.</qau>



<cs><col>Conclusive evidence</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>that of

which, from its nature, the law allows no contradiction or

explanation.</cd> -- <col>Conclusive presumption</col>

<fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an inference which the law makes so

peremptorily that it will not allow it to be overthrown by any

contrary proof, however strong.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Final; ultimate; unanswerable. See

<er>Final</er>.</syn>



<hw>Con*clu"sive*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In

the way of conclusion; decisively; positively.</def>



<au>Burke.</au>



<hw>Con*clu"sive*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of

being conclusive; decisiveness.</def>



<hw>Con*clu"so*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Conclusive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Con*coct"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Concocted</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Concocting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>concoctus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>concoquere</ets> to cook

together, to digest, mature; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>coquere</ets>

to cook. See <er>Cook</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To digest; to

convert into nourishment by the organs of nutrition.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Food is <qex>concocted</qex>, the heart beats, the blood

circulates.</q>

<qau>Cheyne.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To purify or refine chemically.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Thomson.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To prepare from crude materials, as food; to

invent or prepare by combining different ingredients; <as>as, to

<ex>concoct</ex> a new dish or beverage</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To digest in the mind; to devise; to make up; to

contrive; to plan; to plot.</def>



<q>He was a man of a feeble stomach, unable to <qex>concoct</qex>

any great fortune.</q>

<qau>Hayward.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To mature or perfect; to ripen.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Con*coct"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

concocts.</def>



<hw>Con*coc"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>concoctio</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A change in food

produced by the organs of nutrition; digestion.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of concocting or preparing by combining

different ingredients; also, the food or compound thus

prepared.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The act of digesting in the mind; planning or

devising; rumination.</def>



<au>Donne.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Abatement of a morbid process,

as a fever and return to a normal condition.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The act of perfecting or maturing.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Con*coct"ive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having the

power of digesting or ripening; digestive.</def>



<q>Hence the <qex>concoctive</qex> powers, with various art,

Subdue the cruder aliments to chyle.</q>

<qau>J. Armstrong.</qau>



<hw>Con"col`or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>concolor</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>color</ets>

color.]</ety> <def>Of the same color; of uniform color.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Concolor</xex> animals.\'b8



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Con"col`or*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of the same color throughout.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Con*com"i*tance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Con*com"i*tan*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>concomitance</ets>, fr. LL.

<ets>concomitantia</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The state of

accompanying; accompaniment.</def>



<q>The secondary action subsisteth not alone, but in

<qex>concomitancy</qex> with the other.</q>

<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(R.C.Ch.)</fld> <def>The doctrine of the

existence of the entire body of Christ in the eucharist, under

each element, so that the body and blood are both received by

comunication in one kind only.</def>



<hw>Con*com"i*tant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.

L.  <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>comitari</ets> to accompany,

<ets>comes</ets> companion. See <er>Count</er> a nobleman.]</ety>

<def>Accompanying; conjoined; attending.</def>



<q>It has pleased our wise Creator to annex to several objects,

as also to several of our thoughts, a <qex>concomitant</qex>

pleasure.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<hw>Con*com"i*tant</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or that

which, accompanies, or is collaterally connected with another; a

companion; an associate; an accompaniment.</def>



<q>Reproach is a <qex>concomitant</qex> to greatness.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<q>The other <qex>concomitant</qex> of ingratitude is

hardheartedness.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<hw>Con*com"i*tant*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In company with

others; unitedly; concurrently.</def>



<au>Bp. pearson.</au>



<hw>Con"cord</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>concorde</ets>, L. <ets>concordia</ets>, fr.

<ets>concors</ets> of the same mind, agreeing; <ets>con-</ets> +

<ets>cor</ets>, <ets>cordis</ets>, heart. See <er>Heart</er>, and

cf. <er>Accord</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A state of

agreement; harmony; union.</def>



<q>Love quarrels oft in pleasing <qex>concord</qex> end.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Agreement by stipulation; compact; covenant;

treaty or league.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The <qex>concord</qex> made between Henry and Roderick.</q>

<qau>Davies.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Agreement of words with one

another, in gender, number, person, or case.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Old Law)</fld> <def>An agreement between the

parties to a fine of land in reference to the manner in which it

should pass, being an acknowledgment that the land in question

belonged to the complainant. See <er>Fine</er>.</def>



<au>Burril.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <ety>[Prob. influenced by <ets>chord</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An agreeable combination of tones

simultaneously heard; a consonant chord; consonance;

harmony.</def>



<hw>Con"cord</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A variety of American

grape, with large dark blue (almost black) grapes in compact

clusters.</def>



<hw>Con*cord"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>concorder</ets>, L. <ets>concordare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To

agree; to act together.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Clarendon.</au>



<hw>Con*cord"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>concordabilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of according;

agreeing; harmonious.</def>



<hw>Con*cord"ance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.

LL. <ets>concordantia</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Agreement;

accordance.</def>



<q>Contrasts, and yet <qex>concordances</qex>.</q>

<qau>Carlyle.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Concord; agreement.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Aschlam.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An alphabetical verbal index showing the places

in the text of a book where each principal word may be found,

with its immediate context in each place.</def>



<q>His knowledge of the Bible was such, that he might have been

called a living <qex>concordance</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A topical index or orderly analysis of the

contents of a book.</def>



<hw>Con*cord"an*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Agreement.</def>



<au>W. Montagu.</au>



<hw>Con*cord"ant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>concordans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>concordare</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>concordant</ets>. See <er>Concord</er>.]</ety>

<def>Agreeing; correspondent; harmonious; consonant.</def>



<q>Were every one employed in points <qex>concordant</qex> to

their natures, professions, and arts, commonwealths would rise up

of themselves.</q>

<qau>Sir T. Browne</qau>



<hw>Con*cord"ant*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a concordant

manner.</def>



<hw>Con*cor"dat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>concordat</ets>, L. <ets>concordato</ets>, prop. p. p. of

<ets>concordare</ets>. See <er>Concord</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A compact, covenant, or agreement concerning anything.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An agreement made between the pope and a

sovereign or government for the regulation of ecclesiastical

matters with which both are concerned; <as>as, the

<ex>concordat</ex> between Pope Pius VIL and Bonaparte in

1801</as>.</def>



<au>Hook.</au>



<hw>Con*cord"ist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

compiler of a concordance.</def>



<hw>Con*cor"po*rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>concorporatus</ets>, p. p. of

<ets>concorporare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To unite in one mass or

body; to incorporate.</def> <mark>[Archaic.]</mark>



<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>



<hw>Con*cor"po*rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>United

in one body; incorporated.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Con*cor`po*ra"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>concorporatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Union of things in one mass

or body.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Dr. H. More.</au>



<hw>Con"course</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>concours</ets>, L. <ets>concursus</ets>, fr.

<ets>concurrere</ets> to run together. See

<er>Concur</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A moving, flowing, or

running together; confluence.</def>



<q>The good frame of the universe was not the product of chance

or fortuitous <qex>concourse</qex> of particles of matter.</q>

<qau>Sir M. Hale.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An assembly; a gathering formed by a voluntary

or spontaneous moving and meeting in one place.</def>



<q>Amidst the <qex>concourse</qex> were to be seen the noble

ladies of Milan, in gay, fantastic cars, shining in silk

brocade.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The place or point of meeting or junction of two

bodies.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The drop will begin to move toward the <qex>concourse</qex> of

the glasses.</q>

<qau>Sir I. Newton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>An open space where several roads or paths meet;

esp. an open space in a park where several roads meet.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Concurrence; co\'94peration.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The divine providence is wont to afford its

<qex>concourse</qex> to such proceeding.</q>

<qau>Barrow.</qau>



<hw>Con`cre*ate"</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<def>To create at the same time.</def>



<q>If God did <qex>concreate</qex> grace with Adam.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<hw>Con`cre*ma"tion</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>concrematio</ets>, fr. <ets>concremare</ets>. See

<er>Cremate</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of burning different things

together.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Con"cre*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>concrementum</ets>, fr. <ets>concrescere</ets>. See

<er>Concrete</er>.]</ety> <def>A growing together; the collection

or mass formed by concretion, or natural union.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The <qex>concrement</qex> of a pebble or flint.</q>

<qau>Sir M. Hale</qau>



<hw>Con*cres"cence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>concrescentia</ets>.]</ety> <def>Coalescence of particles;

growth; increase by the addition of particles.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Sir W. Raleigh.</au>



<hw>Con*cres"ci*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Capable of being changed from a liquid to a

solid state.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>They formed a . . . fixed <qex>concrescible</qex> oil.</q>

<qau>Fourcroy (Trans. ).</qau>



<hw>Con*cres"cive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Growing

together, or into union; uniting.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Eclec. Rev.</au>



<hw>Con"crete</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>concretus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>concrescere</ets> to grow

together; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>crescere</ets> to grow; cf. F.

<ets>concret</ets>. See <er>Crescent</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>United in growth; hence, formed by coalition of separate

particles into one mass; united in a solid form.</def>



<q>The first <qex>concrete</qex> state, or consistent surface, of

the chaos must be of the same figure as the last liquid

state.</q>

<qau>Bp. Burnet.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Standing for an

object as it exists in nature, invested with all its qualities,

as distingushed from standing for an attribute of an object; --

opposed to <xex>abstract</xex>.</def> Hence: <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>Applied to a specific object; special; particular; --

opposed to <xex>general</xex>. See <er>Abstract</er>, 3.</def>



<q><qex>Concrete</qex> is opposed to a abstract. The names of

individuals are <qex>concrete</qex>, those of classes

abstract.</q>

<qau>J. S. Mill.</qau>



<q><qex>Concrete</qex> terms, while they express the quality, do

also express, or imply, or refer to, some subject to which it

belongs.</q>

<qau>I. Watts.</qau>



<cs><col>Concrete number</col>, <cd>a number associated with, or

applied to, a particular object, as <xex>three<xex> men,

<xex>five<xex> days, etc., as distinguished from an

<xex>abstract<xex> number, or one used without reference to a

particular object.</cd> -- <col>Concrete quantity</col>, <cd>a

physical object or a collection of such objects.</cd> <au>Davies

& Peck.</au> -- <col>Concrete science</col>, <cd>a physical

science, one having as its subject of knowledge concrete things

instead of abstract laws.</cd> -- <col>Concrete sound

<xex>or</xex> movement of the voice</col>, <cd>one which slides

continuously up or down, as distinguished from a

<xex>discrete</xex> movement, in which the voice leaps at once

from one line of pitch to another.</cd></cs>



<au>Rush.</au>



<hw>Con"crete</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A compound or

mass formed by concretion, spontaneous union, or coalescence of

separate particles of matter in one body.</def>



<q>To divide all <qex>concretes</qex>, minerals and others, into

the same number of distinct substances.</q>

<qau>Boyle.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A mixture of gravel, pebbles, or broken stone

with cement or with tar, etc., used for sidewalks, roadways,

foundations, etc., and esp.  for submarine structures.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>A term designating both a

quality and the subject in which it exists; a concrete

term.</def>



<q>The <qex>concretes</qex> \'bdfather\'b8 and \'bdson\'b8 have,

or might have, the abstracts \'bdpaternity\'b8 and

\'bdfiliety\'b8.</q>

<qau>J. S. Mill.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Sugar Making)</fld> <def>Sugar boiled down from

cane juice to a solid mass.</def>



<hw>Con*crete"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Concreted</er>; <pos>p.

pr & vb. n.</pos> <er>Concreting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To unite

or coalesce, as separate particles, into a mass or solid

body.</def>



<note><hand/ Applied to some substances, it is equivalent to

<xex>indurate</xex>; as, metallic matter <xex>concretes</xex>

into a hard body; applied to others, it is equivalent to

<xex>congeal</xex>, <xex>thicken</xex>, <xex>inspissate</xex>,

<xex>coagulate</xex>, as in the concretion of blood. \'bdThe

blood of some who died of the plague could not be made to

<xex>concrete</xex>.\'b8</note>



<au>Arbuthnot.</au>



<hw>Con*crete"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To form

into a mass, as by the cohesion or coalescence of separate

particles.</def>



<q>There are in our inferior world divers bodies that are

<qex>concreted</qex> out of others.</q>

<qau>Sir M. Hale.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cover with, or form of, concrete, as a

pavement.</def>



<hw>Con*crete"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a concrete

manner.</def>



<hw>Con*crete"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

concrete.</def>



<hw>Con*cre"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>concretio</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The process of

concreting; the process of uniting or of becoming united, as

particles of matter into a mass; solidification.</def>



<-- p. 297 -->



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A mass or nodule of solid matter formed by

growing together, by congelation, condensation, coagulation,

induration, etc.; a clot; a lump; a calculus.</def>



<q>Accidental ossifications or deposits of phosphates of lime in

certain organs . . . are called osseous

<qex>concretions</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dunglison.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A rounded mass or nodule

produced by an aggregation of the material around a center;

<as>as, the calcareous <ex>concretions</ex> common in beds of

clay</as>.</def>



<hw>Con*cre"tion*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Concretionary.</def>



<hw>Con*cre"tion*a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to, or formed by, concretion or aggregation;

producing or containing concretions.</def>



<hw>Con*cre"tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Promoting

concretion.</def>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Con*cre"tive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a concrete

manner.</def>



<hw>Con*cre"ture</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

mass formed by concretion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Con*crew"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Concrete</er>, <pos>a.</pos>, and <er>Accrue</er>.]</ety>

<def>To grow together.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Con*crim`i*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

joint accusation.</def>



<hw>Con*cu"bi*na*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

practice of concubinage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Strype.</au>



<hw>Con*cu"bi*nage</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The cohabiting of a man and a woman who are not legally

married; the state of being a concubine.</def>



<note><hand/ In some countries, <xex>concubinage</xex> is

marriage of an inferior kind, or performed with less solemnity

than a true or formal marriage; or marriage with a woman of

inferior condition, to whom the husband does not convey his rank

or quality. Under Roman law, it was the living of a man and woman

in sexual relations without marriage, but in conformity with

local law.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A plea, in which it is alleged

that the woman suing for dower was not lawfully married to the

man in whose lands she seeks to be endowed, but that she was his

concubine.</def>



<hw>Con*cu"bi*nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>concubinalis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to

concubinage.</def>



<hw>Con*cu`bi*na"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos>

<def>Concubinary.</def>



<q>The married and <qex>concubinarian</qex>, as well as looser

clergy.</q>

<qau>Milman.</qau>



<hw>Con*cu"bi*na*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>concubinarius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Relating to concubinage;

living in concubinage.</def>



<hw>Con*cu"bi*na*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Concubinaries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <def>One who lives

in concubinage.</def>



<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>



<hw>Con*cu"bi*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>concubinatus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Concubinage.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Con"cu*bine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L.

<ets>concubina</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>cubare</ets> to lie

down, <ets>concumbere</ets> to lie together, akin to E.

<ets>cubit</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A woman who cohabits

with a man without being his wife; a paramour.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Concubine</xex> has been sometimes, but rarely,

used of a male paramour as well as of a female.</note>



<au>Trench.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A wife of inferior condition; a lawful wife, but

not united to the man by the usual ceremonies, and of inferior

condition. Such were Hagar and Keturah, the concubines of

Abraham; and such concubines were allowed by the Roman laws.

Their children were not heirs of their father.</def>



<hw>Con*cul"cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Concultated</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Conculcating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>conculcatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>conculcare</ets> to

conculcate fr. <ets>calx</ets> heel.]</ety> <def>To tread or

trample under foot.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Montagu</au>



-- <wordforms><wf>Con`cul*ca"tion</wf> <pr>(<?/)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>



<hw>Con*cu"pis*cence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,

fr. L. <ets>concupiscentia</ets>.]</ety> <def>Sexual lust; morbid

carnal passion.</def>



<q><qex>Concupiscence</qex> like a pestilence walketh in

darkness.</q>

<qau>Horne.</qau>



<hw>Con*cu"pis*cent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>concupiscens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>concupiscere</ets>, v.

incho. of <ets>concupere</ets> to long for; <ets>con-</ets> +

<ets>cupere</ets>. See <er>Covet</er>.]</ety> <def>Having sexual

lust; libidinous; lustful; lecherous; salacious.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Con*cu`pis*cen"tial</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Relating to concupiscence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Con*cu`pis*cen"tious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Concupiscent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Con*cu`pis*ci*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>concupiscible</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Exciting to,

or liable to be affected by, concupiscence; provoking lustful

desires.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Exciting desire, good or evil.</def>



<q>The schools reduce all the passions to these two heads, the

<qex>concupiscible</qex> and irascible appetite.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<hw>Con*cu"pis*ci*ble*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of

being concupiscible.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Con"cu*py</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Concupiscence. <note>[Used only in \'bdTroilus and

Cressida\'b8]</note></def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Con*cur"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Concurred</er>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Concurring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>concurrere</ets>

to run together, agree; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>currere</ets> to

run. See <er>Current</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To run

together; to meet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Anon they fierce encountering both <qex>concurred</qex>

With grisly looks and faces like their fates.</q>

<qau>J. Hughes.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To meet in the same point; to combine or

conjoin; to contribute or help toward a common object or

effect.</def>



<q>When outward causes <qex>concur</qex>.</q>

<qau>Jer. Colier.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To unite or agree (in action or opinion); to

join; to act jointly; to agree; to coincide; to correspond.</def>



<q>Mr. Burke <qex>concurred</qex> with Lord Chatham in

opinion.</q>

<qau>Fox.</qau>



<q>Tories and Whigs had <qex>concurred</qex> in paying honor to

Walker.</q>

<qau>Makaulay.</qau>



<q>This <qex>concurs</qex> directly with the letter.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To assent; to consent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- To agree; unite; combine; conspire; coincide;

approve; acquiesce; assent.</syn>



<hw>Con*cur"rence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,

competition, equality of rights, fr. LL. <ets>concurrentia</ets>

competition.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of concurring; a

meeting or coming together; union; conjunction;

combination.</def>



<q>We have no other measure but our own ideas, with the

<qex>concurence</qex> of other probable reasons, to persuade

us.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A meeting of minds; agreement in opinion; union

in design or act; -- implying joint approbation.</def>



<q>Tarquin the Proud was expelled by the universal

<qex>concurrence</qex> of nobles and people.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Agreement or consent, implying aid or

contribution of power or influence; co\'94peration.</def>



<q>We collect the greatness of the work, and the necessity of the

divine <qex>concurrence</qex> to it.</q>

<qau>Rogers.</qau>



<q>An instinct that works us to its own purposes without our

<qex>concurrence</qex>.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A common right; coincidence of equal powers; as,

a <qex>concurrence</qex> of jurisdiction in two different

courts.</def></q>



<hw>Con*cur"ren*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Concurrence.</def>



<hw>Con*cur"rent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>concurrent</ets>, L. <ets>concurrens</ets>, p. pr. of

<ets>concurrere</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Acting in

conjunction; agreeing in the same act or opinion; contibuting to

the same event of effect; co\'94perating.</def>



<q>I join with these laws the personal presence of the kings'

son, as a <qex>concurrent</qex> cause of this reformation.</q>

<qau>Sir J. Davies.</qau>



<q>The <qex>concurrent</qex> testimony of antiquity.</q>

<qau>Bp. Warburton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Conjoined; associate; concomitant; existing or

happening at the same time.</def>



<q>There is no difference the <qex>concurrent</qex> echo and the

iterant but the quickness or slowness of the return.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<q>Changes . . . <qex>concurrent</qex> with the visual changes in

the eye.</q>

<qau>Tyndall.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Joint and equal in authority; taking cognizance

of similar questions; operating on the same objects; <as>as, the

<ex>concurrent</ex> jurisdiction of courts</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>Meeting in one point.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Meeting; uniting; accompanying; conjoined;

associated; coincident; united.</syn>



<hw>Con*cur"rent</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who, or

that which, concurs; a joint or contributory cause.</def>



<q>To all affairs of importance there are three necessary

<qex>concurrents</qex> . . . time, industry, and faculties.</q>

<qau>Dr. H. More.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One pursuing the same course, or seeking the

same objects; hence, a rival; an opponent.</def>



<q>Menander . . . had no <qex>concurrent</qex> in his time that

came near unto him.</q>

<qau>Holland.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Chron.)</fld> <def>One of the supernumerary

days of the year over fifty-two complete weeks; -- so called

because they <xex>concur</xex> with the solar cycle, the course

of which they follow.</def>



<hw>Con*cur"rent*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With concurrence;

unitedly.</def>



<hw>Con*cur"rent*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or

quality of being concurrent; concurrence.</def>



<hw>Con*cur"ring</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Agreeing.</def>



<cs><col>Concurring figure</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>one

which, being laid on another, exactly meets every part of it, or

one which correspondends with another in all its parts.</cd></cs>



<hw>Con*cuss"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>concussus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>concutere</ets>. See

<er>Concussion</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To shake or

agitate.</def> \'bd<xex>Concussed</xex> with uncertainty.\'b8



<au>Daniel.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To force (a person) to do

something, or give up something, by intimidation; to

coerce.</def>



<au>Wharton.</au>



<hw>Con`cus*sa"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

violent shock or agitation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<hw>Con*cus"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>concussio</ets>, fr. <ets>concutere</ets>,

<ets>concussum</ets>, to shake violenty; <ets>con-</ets> +

<ets>quatere</ets> to shake. See <er>Cashier</er>,

<er>Quash</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A shaking or agitation; a

shock; caused by the collision of two bodies.</def>



<q>It is believed that great ringing of bells, in populous

cities, hath dissipated pestilent air; which may be from the

<qex>concussion</qex> of the air.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A condition of lowered

functional activity, without visible structural change, produced

in an organ by a shock, as by fall or blow; <as>as, a

<ex>concussion</ex> of the brain</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Civil Law)</fld> <def>The unlawful forcing of

another by threats of violence to yield up something of

value.</def>



<q>Then <qex>concussion</qex>, rapine, pilleries,

Their catalogue of accusations fill.</q>

<qau>Daniel.</qau>



<cs><col>Concussion fuse</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>one that is

ignited by the concussion of the shell when it strikes.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Shock</er>.</syn>



<hw>Con*cus"sive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having the

power or quality of shaking or agitating.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Cond</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>conduen</ets>, <ets>condien</ets>, F. <ets>conduire</ets> to

conduct, fr. L. <ets>conducere</ets>. See <er>Conduct</er>, and

cf. <er>Con</er> (<ets>Naut</ets>.), <er>Conn</er>.

<er>Cun</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To con, as a

ship.</def>



<hw>Con*demn"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Condemned</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Condemning</er>

<pr>(? <or/ <?/)</pr>]. <ety>[L. <ets>condemnare</ets>;

<ets>con-</ets> + <ets>damnare</ets> to condemn: cf. F.

<ets>condamner</ets>. See <er>Damn</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To pronounce to be wrong; to disapprove of; to

censure.</def>



<q><qex>Condemn</qex> the fault, and not the actor of it!

Why, every fault's <qex>condemned</qex> ere it be done.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Wilt thou <qex>condemn</qex> him that is most just?</q>

<qau>Job xxxiv. 17.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To declare the guilt of; to make manifest the

faults or unworthiness of; to convict of guilt.</def>



<q>The queen of the south shall rise up in the judgment with this

generation, and shall <qex>condemn</qex> it.</q>

<qau>Matt. xii. 42.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To pronounce a judicial sentence against; to

sentence to punishment, suffering, or loss; to doom; -- with

<xex>to</xex> before the penalty.</def>



<q>Driven out from bliss, <qex>condemned</qex>

In this abhorred deep to utter woe.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>To each his sufferings; all are men,

<qex>Condemned</qex> alike to groan.</q>

<qau>Gray.</qau>



<q>And they shall <qex>condemn</qex> him to death.</q>

<qau>Matt. xx. 18.</qau>



<q>The thief <qex>condemned</qex>, in law already dead.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<q>No flocks that range the valley free,

To slaughter I <qex>condemn</qex>.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To amerce or fine; -- with <xex>in</xex> before

the penalty.</def>



<q>The king of Egypt . . . <qex>condemned</qex> the land in a

hundred talents of silver.</q>

<qau>2 Cron. xxxvi. 3.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To adjudge or pronounce to be unfit for use or

service; to adjudge or pronounce to be forfeited; <as>as, the

ship and her cargo were <ex>condemned</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To doom to be taken for public

use, under the right of eminent domain.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- To blame; censure; reprove; reproach; upbraid;

reprobate; convict; doom; sentence; adjudge.</syn>



<hw>Con"dem*na"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, a. <ety>[L.

<ets>condemnabilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Worthy of condemnation;

blamable; culpable.</def>



<hw>Con"dem*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>condemnatio</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

condemning or pronouncing to be wrong; censure; blame;

disapprobation.</def>



<q>In every other sense of <qex>condemnation</qex>, as blame,

censure, reproof, private judgment, and the like.</q>

<qau>Paley.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of judicially condemning, or adjudging

guilty, unfit for use, or forfeited; the act of dooming to

punishment or forfeiture.</def>



<q>A legal and judicial <qex>condemnation</qex>.</q>

<qau>Paley.</qau>



<q>Whose <qex>condemnation</qex> is pronounced.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The state of being condemned.</def>



<q>His pathetic appeal to posterity in the hopeless hour of

<qex>condemnation</qex>.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The ground or reason of condemning.</def>



<q>This is the <qex>condemnation</qex>, that light is come into

the world, and men loved darkness rather light, because their

deeds were evil.</q>

<qau>John iii. 19.</qau>



<hw>Con*dem"na*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Condemning; containing or imposing condemnation or censure;

<as>as, a <ex>condemnatory</ex> sentence or decree</as>.</def>



<hw>Con*demned"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Pronounced to be wrong, guilty, worthless, or forfeited;

adjudged or sentenced to punishment, destruction, or

confiscation.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Used for condemned persons.</def>



<q>Richard Savage . . . had lain with fifty pounds weight of

irons on his legs in the <qex>condemned</qex> ward of

Newgate.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Con*dem"ner</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

who condemns or censures.</def>



<hw>Con*den`sa*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Capability of being condensed.</def>



<hw>Con*den"sa*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>condensable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being condensed;

<as>as, vapor is <ex>condensable</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Con*den"sate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>condensatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>condensare</ets>. See

<er>Condense</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>Made dense;

condensed.</def>



<q>Water . . . thickened or <qex>condensate</qex>.</q>

<qau>Peacham.</qau>



<hw>Con*den"sate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Condensated</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Condensating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To

condense.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Hammond.</au>



<hw>Con`den*sa"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>condensatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>condensation</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or process of condensing or of being

condensed; the state of being condensed.</def>



<q>He [Goldsmith] was a great and perhaps an unequaled master of

the arts of selection and <qex>condensation</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The act or process of

reducing, by depression of temperature or increase of pressure,

etc., to another and denser form, as gas to the condition of a

liquid or steam to water.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A rearrangement or

concentration of the different constituents of one or more

substances into a distinct and definite compound of greater

complexity and molecular weight, often resulting in an increase

of density, as the <xex>condensation</xex> of oxygen into ozone,

or of acetone into mesitylene.</def>



<cs><col>Condensation product</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a

substance obtained by the polymerization of one substance, or by

the union of two or more, with or without separation of some

unimportant side products.</cd> -- <col>Surface

condensation</col>, <cd>the system of condensing steam by contact

with cold metallic surfaces, in distinction from condensation by

the injection of cold water.</cd></cs>



<hw>Con*den"sa*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>condensatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the property of

condensing.</def>



<hw>Con*dense"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Condensed</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Condensing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>condensare</ets>;

<ets>con-</ets> + <ets>densare</ets> to make thick or dense,

<ets>densus</ets> thick, dense: cf. F. <ets>condenser</ets>. See

<er>Dense</er>, and cf. <er>Condensate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To make more close, compact, or dense; to compress or

concentrate into a smaller compass; to consolidate; to abridge;

to epitomize.</def>



<q>In what shape they choose,

Dilated or <qex>condensed</qex>, bright or obscure.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>The secret course pursued at Brussels and at Madrid may be

<qex>condensed</qex> into the usual formula, dissimulation,

procrastination, and again dissimulation.</q>

<qau>Motley.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Chem. & Physics)</fld> <def>To reduce into

another and denser form, as by cold or pressure; <as>as, to

<ex>condense</ex> gas into a liquid form, or steam into

water</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Condensed milk</col>, <cd>milk reduced to the

consistence of very thick cream by evaporation (usually with

addition of sugar) for preservation and transportation.</cd> --

<col>Condensing engine</col>, <cd>a steam engine in which the

steam is condensed after having exerted its force on the

piston.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- To compress; contract; crowd; thicken; concentrate;

abridge; epitomize; reduce.</syn>



<hw>Con*dense"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To become

more compact; to be reduced into a denser form.</def>



<q>Nitrous acid is gaseous at ordinary temperatures, but

<qex>condenses</qex> into a very volatile liquid at the zero of

Fahrenheit.</q>

<qau>H. Spencer.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To combine or

unite (as two chemical substances) with or without separation of

some unimportant side products.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To

undergo polymerization.</def>



<hw>Con*dense"</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>condensus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Condensed; compact;

dense.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>The huge <qex>condense</qex> bodies of planets.</q>

<qau>Bentley.</qau>



<hw>Con*dens"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who, or that which, condenses.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Physic)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> An instrument for

condensing air or other elastic fluids, consisting of a cylinder

having a movable piston to force the air into a receiver, and a

valve to prevent its escape. <sd>(b)</sd> An instrument for

concentrating electricity by the effect of induction between

conducting plates separated by a nonconducting plate.

<sd>(c)</sd> A lens or mirror, usually of short focal distance,

used to concentrate light upon an object.</def>



<-- p. 298 -->



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An apparatus for receiving

and condensing the volatile products of distillation to a liquid

or solid form, by cooling.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld> <def>An apparatus, separate

from the cylinder, in which the exhaust steam is condensed by the

action of cold water or air. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Steam

engine</er>.</def>



<cs><col>Achromatic condenser</col> <fld>(Optics)</fld>, <cd>an

achromatic lens used as a condenser.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Bull's-eye condenser</col>, <or/

<col>Bull's-eye</col></mcol> <fld>(Optics)</fld>, <cd>a lens of

short focal distance used for concentrating rays of light.</cd>

-- <col>Injection condenser</col>, <cd>a vessel in which steam is

condensed by the direct contact of water.</cd> -- <col>Surface

condenser</col>, <cd>an apparatus for condensing steam,

especially the exhaust of a steam engine, by bringing it into

contact with metallic surface cooled by water or air.</cd></cs>



<hw>Con*den"si*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of being condensed; <as>as, a gas <ex>condensible</ex> to a

liquid by cold</as>.</def>



<hw>Cond"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Cond</er>.]</ety> <def>One who watches shoals of fish; a

balker. See <er>Balker</er>.</def>



<hw>Con`de*scend"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Condescended</er>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Condescending</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[F. <ets>condescendre</ets>, LL. <ets>condescendere</ets>,

fr. L. <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>descendere</ets>. See

<er>Descend</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To stoop or descend; to

let one's self down; to submit; to waive the privilege of rank or

dignity; to accommodate one's self to an inferior.</def>

\'bd<xex>Condescend</xex> to men of low estate.\'b8



<au>Rom. xii. 16.</au>



<q>Can they think me so broken, so debased

With corporal servitude, that my mind ever

Will <qex>condescend</qex> to such absurd commands?</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>Spain's mighty monarch,

In gracious clemency, does <qex>condescend</qex>,

On these conditions, to become your friend.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<note>Often used ironically, implying an assumption of

superiority.</note>



<q>Those who thought they were honoring me by

<qex>condescending</qex> to address a few words to me.</q>

<qau>F. W. Robinson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To consent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>All parties willingly <qex>condescended</qex> heruento.</q>

<qau>R. Carew.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To yield; stoop; descend; deign; vouchsafe.</syn>



<mhw>{ <hw>Con`de*scend"ence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Con`de*scend"en*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>condescendance</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Condescension.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Con`de*scend"ing*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>In a condescending manner.</def>



<au>Atterbury.</au>



<hw>Con`de*scen"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>condescensio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of condescending;

voluntary descent from one's rank or dignity in intercourse with

an inferior; courtesy toward inferiors.</def>



<q>It forbids pride . . . and commands humility, modesty, and

<qex>condescension</qex> to others.</q>

<qau>Tillotson.</qau>



<q>Such a dignity and <qex>condescension</qex> . . . as are

suitable to a superior nature.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Complaisance; courtesy; affability.</syn>



<hw>Con`de*scent"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Condescend</er>, <er>Descent</er>.]</ety> <def>An act of

condescension.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Dr. H. More.</au>



<hw>Con*dign"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>condigne</ets>, L. <ets>condignus</ets> very worthy;

<ets>con-</ets> + <ets>dignus</ets> worthy. See <er>Deign</er>,

and cf. <er>Digne</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Worthy; suitable;

deserving; fit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q><qex>Condign</qex> and worthy praise.</q>

<qau>Udall.</qau>



<q>Herself of all that rule she deemend most

<qex>condign</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Deserved; adequate; suitable to the fault or

crime.</def> \'bd<xex>Condign</xex> censure.\'b8



<au>Milman.</au>



<q>Unless it were a bloody murderer . . . 

I never gave them <qex>condign</qex> punishment.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Con*dig"ni*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>condignit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Scholastic Theol.)</fld>

<def>Merit, acguired by works, which can claim reward on the

score of general benevolence.</def>



<q>Such a worthiness of <qex>condignity</qex>, and proper merit

of the heavenly glory, cannot be found in any the best, most

perfect, and excellent of created beings.</q>

<qau>Bp. Bull.</qau>



<hw>Con*dign"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>According

to merit.</def>



<hw>Con*dign"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Agreeableness to

deserts; suitableness.</def>



<hw>Con"di*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>condimentum</ets>, fr. <ets>condire</ets>. See

<er>Condite</er>.]</ety> <def>Something used to give relish to

food, and to gratify the taste; a pungment and appetizing

substance, as pepper or mustard; seasoning.</def>



<q>As for radish and the like, they are for

<qex>condiments</qex>, and not for nourishment.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<hw>Con`dis*ci"ple</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>condiscipulus</ets>. See <er>Disciple</er>.]</ety> <def>A

schoolfellow; a fellow-student.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Con"dite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conditus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>condire</ets> to preserve,

pickle, season. See <er>Recondite</er>.]</ety> <def>Preserved;

pickled.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Burton.</au>



<hw>Con*dite"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To pickle;

to preserve; <as>as, to <ex>condite</ex> pears, quinces,

etc.</as></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>



<hw>Con*di"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L.

<ets>conditio</ets> (better <ets>condicio</ets>) agreement,

compact, condition; <ets>con-</ets> + a root signifying to

<ets>show</ets>, <ets>point out</ets>, akin to <ets>dicere</ets>

to say, <ets>dicare</ets> to proclaim, dedicate. See

<er>Teach</er>, <er>Token</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Mode or

state of being; state or situation with regard to external

circumstances or influences, or to physical or mental integrity,

health, strength, etc.; predicament; rank; position,

estate.</def>



<q>I am in my <qex>condition</qex>

A prince, Miranda; I do think, a king.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>And O, what man's <qex>condition</qex> can be worse

Than his whom plenty starves and blessings curse?</q>

<qau>Cowley.</qau>



<q>The new <qex>conditions</qex> of life.</q>

<qau>Darwin.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Essential quality; property; attribute.</def>



<q>It seemed to us a <qex>condition</qex> and property of divine

powers and beings to be hidden and unseen to others.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Temperament; disposition; character.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The <qex>condition</qex> of a saint and the complexion of a

devil.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>That which must exist as the occasion or

concomitant of something else; that which is requisite in order

that something else should take effect; an essential

qualification; stipulation; terms specified.</def>



<q>I had as lief take her dowry with this <qex>condition</qex>,

to be whipped at the high cross every morning.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Many are apt to believe remission of sins, but they believe it

without the <qex>condition</qex> of repentance.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A clause in a contract, or

agreement, which has for its object to suspend, to defeat, or in

some way to modify, the principal obligation; or, in case of a

will, to suspend, revoke, or modify a devise or bequest. It is

also the case of a future uncertain event, which may or may not

happen, and on the occurrence or non-occurrence of which, the

accomplishment, recission, or modification of an obligation or

testamentary disposition is made to depend.</def>



<au>Blount. Tomlins. Bouvier. Wharton.</au>



<cs><col>Equation of condition</col>. <fld>(Math.)</fld> <cd>See

under <er>Equation</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>On</col> <or/

<col>Upon condition (that)</col></mcol>, <cd>used for

<xex>if<xex> in introducing conditional sentences. \'bd<xex>Upon

condition<xex> thou wilt swear to pay him tribute . . . thou

shalt be placed as viceroy under him.\'b8</cd> <au>Shak.</au> --

<col>Conditions of sale</col>, <cd>the terms on which it is

proposed to sell property by auction; also, the instrument

containing or expressing these terms.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- State; situation; circumstances; station; case;

mode; plight; predicament; stipulation; qualification; requisite;

article; provision; arrangement. See <er>State</er>.</syn>



<hw>Con*di"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Conditioned</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Conditioning</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make

terms; to stipulate.</def>



<q>Pay me back my credit,

And I'll <qex>condition</qex> with ye.</q>

<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>To impose upon an object

those relations or conditions without which knowledge and thought

are alleged to be impossible.</def>



<q>To think of a thing is to <qex>condition</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>



<hw>Con*di"tion</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. LL.

<ets>conditionare</ets>. See <er>Condition</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To invest with, or limit

by, conditions; to burden or qualify by a condition; to impose or

be imposed as the condition of.</def>



<q>Seas, that daily gain upon the shore,

Have ebb and flow <qex>conditioning</qex> their march.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To contract; to stipulate; to agree.</def>



<q>It was <qex>conditioned</qex> between Saturn and Titan, that

Saturn should put to death all his male children.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Raleigh.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(U. S. Colleges)</fld> <def>To put under

conditions; to require to pass a new examination or to make up a

specified study, as a condition of remaining in one's class or in

college; <as>as, to <ex>condition</ex> a student who has failed

in some branch of study</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To test or assay, as silk (to ascertain the

proportion of moisture it contains).</def>



<au>McElrath.</au>



<-- 5. <def>train; acclimate.</def> -->



<hw>Con*di"tion*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conditionalis</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Containing,

implying, or depending on, a condition or conditions; not

absolute; made or granted on certain terms; <as>as, a

<ex>conditional</ex> promise</as>.</def>



<q>Every covenant of God with man . . . may justly be made (as in

fact it is made) with this <qex>conditional</qex> punishment

annexed and declared.</q>

<qau>Bp. Warburton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Gram. & Logic)</fld> <def>Expressing a

condition or supposition; <as>as, a <ex>conditional</ex> word,

mode, or tense</as>.</def>



<q>A <qex>conditional</qex> proposition is one which asserts the

dependence of one categorical proposition on another.</q>

<qau>Whately.</qau>



<q>The words hypothetical and <qex>conditional</qex> may be . . .

used synonymously.</q>

<qau>J. S. Mill.</qau>



<hw>Con*di"tion*al</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

limitation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A conditional word, mode, or proposition.</def>



<q>Disjunctives may be turned into <qex>conditionals</qex>.</q>

<qau>L. H. Atwater.</qau>



<hw>Con*di`tion*al"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality of being conditional, or limited; limitation by certain

terms.</def>



<hw>Con*di"tion*al*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In

a conditional manner; subject to a condition or conditions; not

absolutely or positively.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Con*di"tion*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety><mark>[LL. <ets>conditionatus</ets>, p. p. See

<er>Condition</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>

<def>Conditional.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Barak's answer is faithful, though

<qex>conditionate</qex>.</q>

<qau>Bp. Hall.</qau>



<hw>Con*di"tion*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To qualify by conditions; to regulate.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To put under conditions; to render

conditional.</def>



<hw>Con*di"tioned</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Surrounded; circumstanced; in a certain state or condition,

as of property or health; <as>as, a well <ex>conditioned</ex>

man</as>.</def>



<q>The best <qex>conditioned</qex> and unwearied spirit.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having, or known under or by, conditions or

relations; not independent; not absolute.</def>



<q>Under these, thought is possible only in the

<qex>conditioned</qex> interval.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>



<hw>Con*di"tion*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>Conditionally.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Con"di*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Conditories</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L.

<ets>conditorium</ets>, fr. <ets>condere</ets> to hide. See

<er>Recondite</er>.]</ety> <def>A repository for holding things;

a hinding place.</def>



<hw>Con*dog"</hw> <pr>(?; 115)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[A

punning corruption of con<ets>cur</ets>.]</ety> <def>To concur;

to agree.</def> <mark>[Burlesque]</mark>



<note><hand/ This word appears in early dictionaries as a synonym

for the word <xex>agree</xex>; thus. \'bdAgree; concurre, cohere,

<xex>condog</xex>, condescend.\'b8</note>



<au>Cockeram.</au>



<hw>Con*do"la*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Expressing condolence.</def>



<au>Smart.</au>



<hw>Con*dole"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Condoled</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Condoling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>condolere</ets>;

<ets>con-</ets> + <ets>dolere</ets> to feel pain, grieve. See

<er>Doleful</er>.]</ety> <def>To express sympathetic sorrow; to

grieve in sympathy; -- followed by <xex>with</xex>.</def>



<q>Your friends would have cause to rejoice, rather than

<qex>condole</qex> with you.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Temple.</qau>



<hw>Con*dole"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To lament or grieve

over.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>I come not, Samson, to <qex>condole</qex> thy chance.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Con*dole"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Condolence.</def> \'bdA pitiful <xex>condolement</xex>.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Sorrow; mourning; lamentation.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Con*do"lence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>condol\'82ance</ets>.]</ety> <def>Expression of sympathy

with another in sorrow or grief.</def>



<q>Their congratulations and their <qex>condolences</qex>.</q>

<qau>Steele.</qau>



<q>A special mission of <qex>condolence</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Con*dol"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

condoles.</def>



<hw>Con`do*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>condonatio</ets> a giving away.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

act of condoning or pardoning.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Forgiveness, either express or

implied, by a husband of his wife or by a wife of her husband,

for a breach of marital duty, as adultery, with an implied

condition that the offense shall not be repeated.</def>



<au>Bouvier. Wharton.</au>



<hw>Con*done"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Condoned</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Condoning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>condonare</ets>,

<ets>-donatum</ets>, to give up, remit, forgive; <ets>con-</ets>

+ <ets>donare</ets> to give. See <er>Donate</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To pardon; to forgive.</def>



<q>A fraud which he had either concocted or

<qex>condoned</qex>.</q>

<qau>W. Black.</qau>



<q>It would have been magnanimous in the men then in power to

have overlooked all these things, and, <qex>condoning</qex> the

politics, to have rewarded the poetry of Burns.</q>

<qau>J. C. Shairp.</qau>



<-- 1b.  to consider or treat as if harmless or trivial -->



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To pardon; to overlook the

offense of; esp., to forgive for a violation of the marriage law;

-- said of either the husband or the wife.</def>



<hw>Con"dor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.

<ets>condor</ets>, fr. Peruvian <ets>cuntur</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A very large bird of the Vulture

family (<spn>Sarcorhamphus gryphus</spn>), found in the most

elevated parts of the Andes.</def>



<-- also California condor -->



<hw>\'d8Con`dot*tie"re</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Condottieri</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[It.,

captain.]</ety> <def>A military adventurer of the fourteenth and

fifteenth centuries, who sold his services, and those of his

followers, to any party in any contest.</def>



<hw>Con*duce"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Conduced</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Conducing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>conducere</ets> to

bring together, conduce, hire; <ets>con-</ets> +

<ets>ducere</ets> to lead. See <er>Duke</er> and cf. Conduct,

<pos>n.</pos>, <er>Cond</er>.]</ety> <def>To lead or tend, esp.

with reference to a favorable or desirable result; to contribute;

-- usually followed by <xex>to</xex> or toward.</def>



<q>He was sensible how much such a union would <qex>conduce</qex>

to the happiness of both.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<q>The reasons you allege do more <qex>conduce</qex>

To the hot passion of distemper'd blood.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To contribute; aid; assist; tend; subserve.</syn>



<hw>Con*duce"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To conduct; to lead; to

guide.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>He was sent to <qex>conduce</qex> hither the princess.</q>

<qau>Sir H. Wotton.</qau>



<hw>Con*du"cent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conducens</ets>, p. pr.]</ety> <def>Conducive;

tending.</def>



<q><qex>Conducent</qex> to the good success of this business.</q>

<qau>Abp. Laud.</qau>



<hw>Con*du"ci*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

state or quality of being conducible; conducibleness.</def>



<au>Bp. Wilkins.</au>



<hw>Con*du"ci*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conducibilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Conducive; tending;

contributing.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<q>All his laws are in themselves <qex>conducible</qex> to the

temporal interest of them that observe them.</q>

<qau>Bentley.</qau>



<hw>Con*du"ci*ble*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality of being

conducible.</def>



<hw>Con*du"ci*bly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a manner to

promote.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Con*du"cive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Loading or

tending; helpful; contributive; tending to promote.</def>



<q>However <qex>conducive</qex> to the good or our country.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<hw>Con*du"cive*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of

conducing.</def>



<hw>Con"duct</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>conductus</ets> defense, escort, fr. L.

<ets>conductus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>conducere</ets>. See

<er>Conduce</er>, and cf. <er>Conduit</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act or method of conducting; guidance; management.</def>



<q>Christianity has humanized the <qex>conduct</qex> of war.</q>

<qau>Paley.</qau>



<q>The <qex>conduct</qex> of the state, the administration of its

affairs.</q>

<qau>Ld. Brougham.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Skillful guidance or management;

generalship.</def>



<q><qex>Conduct</qex> of armies is a prince's art.</q>

<qau>Waller.</qau>



<q>Attacked the Spaniards . . . with great impetuosity, but with

so little <qex>conduct</qex>, that his forces were totally

routed.</q>

<qau>Robertson.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Convoy; escort; guard; guide.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>I will be your <qex>conduct</qex>.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<q>In my <qex>conduct</qex> shall your ladies come.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>That which carries or conveys anything; a

channel; a conduit; an instrument.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Although thou been <qex>conduct</qex> of my chame.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The manner of guiding or carrying one's self;

personal deportment; mode of action; behavior.</def>



<q>All these difficulties were increased by the

<qex>conduct</qex> of Shrewsbury.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<q>What in the <qex>conduct</qex> of our life appears

So well designed, so luckily begun,

But when we have our wish, we wish undone?</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Plot; action; construction; manner of

development.</def>



<q>The book of Job, in <qex>conduct</qex> and diction.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<cs><col>Conduct money</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a portion of

a seaman's wages retained till the end of his engagement, and

paid over only if his conduct has been satisfactory.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Behavior; deportment; demeanor; bearing; management;

guidance. See <er>Behavior</er>.</syn>



<hw>Con*duct"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Conducted</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Conducting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See

<er>Conduct</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To lead,

or guide; to escort; to attend.</def>



<q>I can <qex>conduct</qex> you, lady, to a low

But loyal cottage, where you may be safe.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To lead, as a commander; to direct; to manage;

to carry on; <as>as, to <ex>conduct</ex> the affairs of a

kingdom</as>.</def>



<q>Little skilled in the art of <qex>conducting</qex> a

siege.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To behave; -- with the reflexive; <as>as, he

<ex>conducted</ex> himself well</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>To serve as a medium for

conveying; to transmit, as heat, light, electricity, etc.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>To direct, as the leader in

the performance of a musical composition.</def>



<hw>Con*duct"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To act as a

conductor (as of heat, electricity, etc.); to carry.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To conduct one's self; to behave.</def>

<mark>[U. S.]</mark>



<hw>Con*duct`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>conductibilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Capability of being conducted; <as>as, the

<ex>conductibility</ex> of heat or electricity</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Conductivity; capacity for receiving and

transmitting.</def>



<hw>Con*duct"i*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of being conducted.</def>



<-- p. 299 -->



<hw>Con*duc"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conductio</ets> a bringing together: cf. F.

<ets>conduction</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of leading

or guiding.</def>



<au>Sir W. Raleigh.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of training up.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Transmission through, or by

means of, a conductor; also, conductivity.</def>



<q>[The] communication [of heat] from one body to another when

they are in contact, or through a homogenous body from particle

to particle, constitutes <qex>conduction</qex>.</q>

<qau>Amer. Cyc.</qau>



<hw>Con*duct"ive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having the

quality or power of conducting; <as>as, the <ex>conductive</ex>

tissue of a pistil</as>.</def>



<q>The ovarian walls . . . are seen to be distinctly

<qex>conductive</qex>.</q>

<qau>Goodale (Gray's Bot. ).</qau>



<hw>Con`duc*tiv"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality or power of conducting, or of receiving and transmitting,

<as>as, the <ex>conductivity</ex> of a nerve</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Thermal conductivity</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>the

quantity of heat that passes in unit time through unit area of<--

a--> plate whose thickness is unity, when its opposite faces

differ in temperature by one degree.</cd> <au>J. D. Everett.</au>

-- <col>Thermometic conductivity</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>,

<cd>the thermal conductivity when the unit of heat employed is

the heat required to raise <--a -->unit volume of the substance

one degree.</cd></cs>



<hw>Con*duct"or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL., a

carrier, transporter, L., a lessee.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

who, or that which, conducts; a leader; a commander; a guide; a

manager; a director.</def>



<q>Zeal, the blind <qex>conductor</qex> of the will.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One in charge of a public conveyance, as of a

railroad train or a street car.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The leader or director of an

orchestra or chorus.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>A substance or body capable

of being a medium for the transmission of certain forces, esp.

heat or electricity; specifically, a lightning rod.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>A grooved sound or staff used

for directing instruments, as lithontriptic forceps, etc.; a

director.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Same as

<er>Leader</er>.</def>



<cs><col>Prime conductor</col> <fld>(Elec.)</fld>, <cd>the

largest conductor of an electrical machine, serving to collect,

accumulate, or retain the electricity.</cd></cs>



<hw>Con*duct"o*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>conductorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the property of

conducting.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Con*duct"ress</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A woman

who leads or directs; a directress.</def>



<hw>Con"duit</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F., fr. LL. <ets>conductus</ets> escort, conduit. See

<er>Conduct</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A pipe, canal, channel,

or passage for conveying water or fluid.</def>



<q>All the <qex>conduits</qex> of my blood froze up.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>This is the fountain of all those bitter waters, of which,

through a hundred different <qex>conduits</qex>, we have

drunk.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A structure

forming a reservoir for water.</def>



<au>Oxf. Gloss.</au>



<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A narrow passage for private

communication.</def>



<hw>Con*du"pli*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conduplicatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>conduplicare</ets>. See

<er>Duplicate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Folded

lengthwise along the midrib, the upper face being within; -- said

of leaves or petals in vernation or \'91stivation.</def>



<hw>Con*du`pli*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conduplicatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A doubling together or

folding; a duplication.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Con`du*ran"go</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>See <er>Cundurango</er>.</def>



<hw>Con*dur"rite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of the mineral domeykite, or

copper arsenide, from the Condurra mine in Cornwall,

England.</def>



<hw>Con"dy*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a condyle.</def>



<cs><col>Condylar foramen</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>a formen

in front of each condyle of the occipital bone; -- sometimes

called the <xex>anterior condylar foramen<xex> when a second, or

posterior, foramen is present behind the condyle, as often

happens in man.</cd></cs>



<hw>Con"dyle</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>condylus</ets> knuckle, joint, Gr. <?/: cf. F.

<ets>condyle</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A bony

prominence; particularly, an eminence at the end of a bone

bearing a rounded articular surface; -- sometimes applied also to

a concave articular surface.</def>



<hw>Con"dy*loid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Condyle</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>condylo\'8bde</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Shaped

like or pertaining to a condyle.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Con`dy*lo"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>\'d8Con"dy*lome</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl. <plw>Condylomata</plw> <pr>(#)</pr> <xex>or</xex>

<pr>(#)</pr>, E. <plw>Condylomes</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu>

<ety>[NL. <ets>condyloma</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, from <?/ knuckle.

See <er>-oma</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A wartlike new

growth on the outer skin or adjoining mucous membrance.</def>



<note><hand/ There are two kinds of condylomata, the pointed and

the broad, the latter being of syphilitic origin.</note>



<hw>\'d8Con*dyl"o*ped</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ knuckle (or joint) + <ets>-pod</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An arthropod.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cone</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conus</ets> cone (in sense 1), Gr. <?/; akin to Skr.

<ets>\'87ana</ets> whetstone, L. <ets>cuneus</ets> wedge, and

prob. to E. <ets>hone</ets>. See <er>Hone</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A solid

of the form described by the revolution of a right-angled

triangle about one of the sides adjacent to the right angle; --

called also a <altname>right cone</altname>. More generally, any

solid having a vertical point and bounded by a surface which is

described by a straight line always passing through that vertical

point; a solid having a circle for its base and tapering to a

point or vertex.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything shaped more or less like a mathematical

cone; <as>as, a volcanic <ex>cone</ex>, a collection of scori\'91

around the crater of a volcano, usually heaped up in a conical

form</as>.</def>



<q>Now had Night measured with her shadowy <qex>cone</qex>

Half way up hill this vast sublunar vault.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The fruit or strobile of the

<spn>Conifer\'91</spn>, as of the pine, fir, cedar, and cypress.

It is composed of woody scales, each one of which has one or two

seeds at its base.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A shell of the genus

<spn>Conus</spn>, having a conical form.</def>



<cs><col>Cone of rays</col> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>the pencil of

rays of light which proceed from a radiant point to a given

surface, as that of a lens, or conversely.</cd> -- <col>Cone

pulley</col>. <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Oblique</col> <or/ <col>Scalene cone</col></mcol>,

<cd>a cone of which the axis is inclined to the plane of its

base.</cd> -- <col>Eight cone</col>. <cd>See <er>Cone</er>,

1.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cone</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To render

coneshaped; to bevel like the circular segment of a cone; <as>as,

to <ex>cone</ex> the tires of car wheels</as>.</def>



<hw>Cone"-in-cone"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Consisting of a series of parallel cones,

each made up of many concentric cones closely packed together; --

said of a kind of structure sometimes observed in sedimentary

rocks.</def>



<hw>Co*ne"ine</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; 104)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Conine</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Co"ne*pate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Co"ne*patl</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Mexican

<ets>conepatl</ets> and <ets>epatl</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The skunk.</def>



<hw>Cone" pul"ley</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A pulley for driving

machines, etc., having two or more parts or steps of different

diameters; a pulley having a conical shape.</def>



<hw>Co"ney</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A rabbit. See <er>Cony</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish. See

<er>Cony</er>.</def>



<hw>Con"fab</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Contr. from

<ets>confabulation</ets>.]</ety> <def>Familiar talk or

conversation.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Con*fab"u*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Confabulated</er>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Confabulating</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[L. <ets>confabulatus</ets>, p. p. of

<ets>confabulary</ets>, to converse together; <ets>con-</ets> +

<ets>fabulary</ets> to speak, fr. <ets>fabula</ets>. See

<er>Fable</er>.]</ety> <def>To talk familiarly together; to chat;

to prattle.</def>



<q>I shall not ask Jean Jaques Rousseau

If birds <qex>confabulate</qex> or no.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<hw>Con*fab`u*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>confabulatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Familiar talk; easy,

unrestrained, unceremonious conversation.</def>



<q>Friends' <qex>confabulations</qex> are comfortable at all

times, as fire in winter.</q>

<qau>Burton.</qau>



<hw>Con*fab"u*la*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of

the nature of familiar talk; in the form of a dialogue.</def>



<au>Weever.</au>



<hw>Con"fa*lon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See

<er>Confalon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>One of a

fraternity of seculars, also called

<altname>Penitents</altname>.</def>



<hw>Con*far`re*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>confarreatio</ets>, fr. <ets>confarreare</ets> to marry;

<ets>con-</ets> + <ets>farreum</ets> (sc. <ets>libum</ets> cake)

a spelt cake, fr. <ets>farreus</ets> made of spelt, fr.

<ets>far</ets> a sort of grain.]</ety> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <def>A

form of marriage among the Romans, in which an offering of bread

was made, in presence of the high priest and at least ten

witnesses.</def>



<hw>Con*fat"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p.a.</pos> <def>Fated or

decreed with something else.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>A. Tucker.</au>



<hw>Con*fect"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Confected</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Confecting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>confectus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>conficere</ets> to prepare.

See <er>Comfit</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To prepare, as

sweetmeats; to make a confection of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Saffron <qex>confected</qex> in Cilicia.</q>

<qau>W. Browne.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To construct; to form; to mingle or mix.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Of this were <qex>confected</qex> the famous everlasting lamps

and tapers.</q>

<qau>Sir T. Herbert.</qau>



<q>[My joys] are still <qex>confected</qex> with some fears.</q>

<qau>Stirling.</qau>



<hw>Con"fect</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A comfit; a

confection.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>At supper eat a pippin roasted and sweetened with sugar of

roses and caraway <qex>confects</qex>.</q>

<qau>Harvey.</qau>



<hw>Con*fec"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.

L. <ets>confectio</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A composition of

different materials.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A new <qex>confection</qex> of mold.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A preparation of fruits or roots, etc., with

sugar; a sweetmeat.</def>



<q>Certain <qex>confections</qex> . . . are like to candied

conserves, and are made of sugar and lemons.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A composition of drugs.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A soft solid made by

incorporating a medicinal substance or substances with sugar,

sirup, or honey.</def>



<note><hand/ The pharmacop\'d2ias formerly made a distinction

between <xex>conserves</xex> (made of fresh vegetable substances

and sugar) and <xex>electuaries</xex> (medicinal substances

combined with sirup or honey), but the distinction is now

abandoned and all are called <xex>confections</xex>.</note>



<hw>Con*fec"tion*a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

LL. <ets>confectionaris</ets> a pharmacist.]</ety> <def>A

confectioner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>He will take your daughters to be <qex>confectionaries</qex>,

and to be cooks.</q>

<qau>1 Sam. viii. 13.</qau>



<hw>Con*fec"tion*a*ry</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Prepared as a

confection.</def>



<q>The biscuit or <qex>confectionary</qex> plum.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<hw>Con*fec"tion*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A compounder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Canidia Neapolitana was <qex>confectioner</qex> of

unguents.</q>

<qau>Haywood.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One whose occupation it is to make or sell

confections, candies, etc.</def>



<hw>Con*fec"tion*er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Sweetmeats, in general; things prepared and sold

by a confectioner; confections; candies.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A place where candies, sweetmeats, and similar

things are made or sold.</def>



<hw>Con*fec"to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to the art of making sweetmeats.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Beaumont.</au>



<hw>Con*fec"ture</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Confiture</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Con*fed"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>conf<?/d<?/rer</ets>. See <er>Confederate</er>.]</ety>

<def>To confederate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. North.</au>



<hw>Con*fed"er*a*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Confederacies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[From

<er>Confederate</er>, a.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A league or

compact between two or more persons, bodies of men, or states,

for mutual support or common action; alliance.</def>



<q>The friendships of the world are oft

<qex>Confederacies</qex> in vice or leagues of pleasure.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<q>He hath heard of our <qex>confederacy</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Virginia promoted a <qex>confederacy</qex>.</q>

<qau>Bancroft.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The persons, bodies, states, or nations united

by a league; a confederation.</def>



<q>The Grecian common wealth, . . . the most heroic

<qex>confederacy</qex> that ever existed.</q>

<qau>Harris.</qau>



<q>Virgil has a whole <qex>confederacy</qex> against him.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A combination of two or more

persons to commit an unlawful act, or to do a lawful act by

unlawful means. See <er>Conspiracy</er>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- League; compact; alliance; association; union;

combination; confederation.</syn>



<hw>Con*fed"er*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>confoederatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>confoederare</ets> to

join by a league; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>foederare</ets> to

establish by treaty or league, fr. <ets>foedus</ets> league,

compact. See <er>Federal</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>United in

a league; allied by treaty; engaged in a confederacy; banded

together; allied.</def>



<q>All the swords

In Italy, and her <qex>confederate</qex> arms,

Could not have made this peace.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Amer. Hist.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the

government of the eleven Southern States of the United States

which (1860-1865) attempted to establish an independent nation

styled the Confederate States of America; <as>as, the

<ex>Confederate</ex> congress; <ex>Confederate</ex>

money.</as></def>



<hw>Con*fed"er*ate</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who

is united with others in a league; a person or a nation engaged

in a confederacy; an ally; also, an accomplice in a bad

sense.</def>



<q>He found some of his <qex>confederates</qex> in gaol.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Amer. Hist.)</fld> <def>A name designating an

adherent to the cause of the States which attempted to withdraw

from the Union (1860-1865).</def>



<hw>Con*fed"er*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Confederated</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Confederating</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To unite in a legue or

confederacy; to ally.</def>



<q>With these the Piercies them <qex>confederate</qex>.</q>

<qau>Daniel.</qau>



<hw>Con*fed"er*ate</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To unite in a

league; to join in a mutual contract or covenant; to band

together.</def>



<q>By words men . . . covenant and <qex>confederate</qex>.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<hw>Con*fed"er*a`ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

confederate.</def>



<hw>Con*fed`er*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>confoederatio</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>conf\'82d\'82ration</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act

of confederating; a league; a compact for mutual support;

alliance, particulary of princes, nations, or states.</def>



<q>The three princes enter into some strict league and

<qex>confederation</qex> among themselves.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<q>This was no less than a political <qex>confederation</qex> of

the colonies of New England.</q>

<qau>Palfrey.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The parties that are confederated, considered as

a unit; a confederacy.</def>



<cs><col>Articles of confederation</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Article</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Con*fed"er*a*tive</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Of or pertaining to a confederation.</def>



<hw>Con*fed"er*a`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

confederate.</def>



<au>Grafton.</au>



<hw>Con*fer"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v.t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p</pos>. <er>Conferred</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Conferring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>conferre</ets> to

bring together, contribute, consult; <ets>con-</ets> +

<ets>ferre</ets> to bear: cf. F. <ets>conf\'82rer</ets>. See 1st

<er>Bear</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To bring together for

comparison; to compare.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>If we <qex>confer</qex> these observations with others of the

like nature, we may find cause to rectify the general

opinion.</q>

<qau>Boyle.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To grant as a possession; to bestow.</def>



<q>The public marks of honor and reward

<qex>Conferred</qex> upon me.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To contribute; to conduce.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The closeness and compactness of the parts resting together

doth much <qex>confer</qex> to the strength of the union.</q>

<qau>Glanvill.</qau>



<hw>Con*fer"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To have discourse; to

consult; to compare views; to deliberate.</def>



<q>Festus, when he had <qex>conferred</qex> with the council,

answered.</q>

<qau>Acts xxv. 12.</qau>



<q>You shall hear us <qex>confer</qex> of this.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To counsel; advise; discourse; converse.</syn>



<hw>Con`fer*ee"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Referee</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who is conferred

with, or who takes part in a conference; <as>as, the

<ex>conferees</ex> on the part of the Senate</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One upon whom something is conferred.</def>



<hw>Con"fer*ence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>conf\'82rence</ets>. See <er>Confer</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of comparing two or more things together;

comparison.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Helps and furtherances which . . . the mutual

<qex>conference</qex> of all men's collections and observations

may afford.</q>

<qau>Hocker.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of consulting together formally; serious

conversation or discussion; interchange of views.</def>



<q>Nor with such free and friendly <qex>conference</qex>

As he hath used of old.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A meeting for consultation, discussion, or an

interchange of opinions.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A meeting of the two branches of a legislature,

by their committees, to adjust between them.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Methodist Church)</fld> <def>A stated meeting

of preachers and others, invested with authority to take

cognizance of ecclesiastical matters.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A voluntary association of Congregational

churches of a district; the district in which such churches

are.</def>



<cs><col>Conference meeting</col>, <cd>a meeting for conference.

Specifically, a meeting conducted (usually) by laymen, for

conference and prayer. <mark>[U. S.]</mark></cd> --

<col>Conference room</col></mcol>, <cd>a room for conference and

prayer, and for the pastor's less formal addresses. <mark>[U.

S.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Con`fer*en"tial</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Relating to conference.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Clarke.</au>



<hw>Con*fer"ra*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of being conferred.</def>



<hw>Con`fer*ree"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Conferee</er>.</def>



<-- p. 300 -->



<-- p. 300  -->



<hw>Con*fer"rer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who confers; one who converses.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who bestows; a giver.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Con`fer*ru"mi*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Con`fer*ru"mi*na`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>conferruminare</ets> to cement. See

<er>Ferruminate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Closely

united by the coalescence, or sticking together, of contiguous

faces, as in the case of the cotyledons of the live-oak

acorn.</def>



<hw>\'d8Con*fer"va</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Conferv\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L., a kind of

water plant. See <er>Comfrey</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Any unbranched, slender, green plant of the fresh-water

algae. The word is frequently used in a wider sense.</def>



<hw>Con`fer*va"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Belonging to the confervae.</def>



<hw>Con*fer"void</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Conferva</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Like, or

related to, the confervae.</def>



<au>Loudon.</au>



<hw>Con*fer"vous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining

to confervae; consisting of, or resembling, the confervae.</def>



<q>Yon exiguous pool's <qex>confervous</qex> scum.</q>

<qau>O. W. Holmes.</qau>



<hw>Con*fess"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Confessed</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos>

<er>Confessing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>confesser</ets>,

fr. L. <ets>confessus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>confiteri</ets> to

confess; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>fateri</ets> to confess; akin to

<ets>fari</ets> to speak. See 2d <er>Ban</er>,

<er>Fame</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make acknowledgment or

avowal in a matter pertaining to one's self; to acknowledge, own,

or admit, as a crime, a fault, a debt.</def>



<q>And there <qex>confess</qex>

Humbly our faults, and pardon beg.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>I must <qex>confess</qex> I was most pleased with a beautiful

prospect that none of them have mentioned.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To acknowledge faith in; to profess belief

in.</def>



<q>Whosoever, therefore, shall <qex>confess</qex> me before men,

him will I <qex>confess</qex>, also, before my Father which is in

heaven.</q>

<qau>Matt. x. 32.</qau>



<q>For the Sadducees say that there is no resurrection, neither

angel, nor spirit; but the Pharisees <qex>confess</qex> both.</q>

<qau>Acts xxiii. 8.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To admit as true; to assent to; to acknowledge,

as after a previous doubt, denial, or concealment.</def>



<q>I never gave it him. Send for him hither,

And let him <qex>confess</qex> a truth.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>As I <qex>confess</qex> it needs must be.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<q>As an actor <qex>confessed</qex> without rival to shine.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To make known or

acknowledge, as one's sins to a priest, in order to receive

absolution; -- sometimes followed by the reflexive pronoun.</def>



<q>Our beautiful votary took an opportunity of

<qex>confessing</qex> herself to this celebrated father.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sd>(b)</sd> <def>To hear or receive such confession; -- said of

a priest.</def>



<q>He . . . heard mass, and the prince, his son, with him, and

the most part of his company were <qex>confessed</qex>.</q>

<qau>Ld. Berners.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To disclose or reveal, as an effect discloses

its cause; to prove; to attest.</def>



<q>Tall thriving trees <qex>confessed</qex> the fruitful

mold.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Admit; grant; concede; avow; own; assent; recognize;

prove; exhibit; attest.</syn> <usage> -- <er>To Confess</er>,

<er>Acknowledge</er>, <er>Avow</er>. <xex>Acknowledge</xex> is

opposed to <xex>conceal</xex>. We <xex>acknowledge</xex> what we

feel must or ought to be made known. (See <er>Acknowledge</er>.)

<xex>Avow</xex> is opposed to <xex>withhold</xex>. We

<xex>avow</xex> when we make an open and public declaration, as

against obloquy or opposition; as, to <xex>avow</xex> one's

principles; to <xex>avow</xex> one's participation in some act.

<xex>Confess</xex> is opposed to <xex>deny</xex>. We

<xex>confess</xex> (in the ordinary sense of the word) what we

feel to have been wrong; as, to <xex>confess</xex> one's errors

or faults. We sometimes use <xex>confess</xex> and

<xex>acknowledge</xex> when there is no admission of our being in

the wrong; as, this, I <xex>confess</xex>, is my opinion; I

<xex>acknowledge</xex> I have always thought so; but in these

cases we mean simply to imply that others may perhaps

<xex>think</xex> us in the wrong, and hence we use the words by

way of deference to their opinions. It was in this way that the

early Christians were led to use the Latin <xex>confiteor</xex>

and <xex>confessio fidei</xex> to denote the public declaration

of their faith in Christianity; and hence the corresponding use

in English of the verb <xex>confess</xex> and the noun

<xex>confession</xex>.</usage>



<hw>Con*fess"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make

confession; to disclose sins or faults, or the state of the

conscience.</def>



<q>Every tongue shall <qex>confess</qex> to God.</q>

<qau>Rom. xiv. 11.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To acknowledge; to admit; to concede.</def>



<q>But since

(And I <qex>confess</qex> with right) you think me bound.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Con*fess"ant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>confessant</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who confesses to a

priest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Con*fess"a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>confessarius</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who makes a

confession.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<hw>Con*fess"ed*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>By

confession; without denial.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>confessly</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Con*fess"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

makes a confession.</def>



<hw>Con*fes"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>confession</ets>, L. <ets>confessio</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Acknowledgment; avowal, especially in a matter

pertaining to one's self; the admission of a debt, obligation, or

crime.</def>



<q>With a crafty madness keeps aloof,

When we would bring him on to some <qex>confession</qex>

Of his true state.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Acknowledgment of belief; profession of one's

faith.</def>



<q>With the mouth <qex>confession</qex> is made unto

salvation.</q>

<qau>Rom. x. 10.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The act of disclosing sins or

faults to a priest in order to obtain sacramental

absolution.</def>



<q>Auricular <qex>confession</qex> . . . or the private and

special <qex>confession</qex> of sins to a priest for the purpose

of obtaining his absolution.</q>

<qau>Hallam.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A formulary in which the articles of faith are

comprised; a creed to be assented to or signed, as a preliminary

to admission to membership of a church; a confession of

faith.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An admission by a party to whom

an act is imputed, in relation to such act. A judicial confession

settles the issue to which it applies; an extrajudical confession

may be explained or rebutted.</def>



<au>Wharton.</au>



<cs><col>Confession and avoidance</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a

mode of pleading in which the party confesses the facts as stated

by his adversary, but alleges some new matter by way of avoiding

the legal effect claimed for them.</cd></cs>



<au>Mozley & W.</au>



<cs><col>Confession of faith</col>, <cd>a formulary containing

the articles of faith; a creed.</cd> -- <col>General

confession</col>, <cd>the confession of sins made by a number of

persons in common, as in public prayer.</cd> -- <col>Westminster

Confession</col>. <cd>See <cref>Westminster Assembly</cref>,

under <er>Assembly</er>.</cs>



<hw>Con*fes"sion*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>confessional</ets>.]</ety> <def>The recess, seat, or

inclosed place, where a priest sits to hear confessions; often a

small structure furnished with a seat for the priest and with a

window or aperture so that the penitent who is outside may

whisper into the priest's ear without being seen by him or heard

by others.</def>



<hw>Con*fes"sion*al</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to a

confession of faith.</def>



<cs><col>Confessional equality</col>, <cd>equality before the law

of persons confessing different creeds.</cd></cs>



<hw>Con*fes"sion*al*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>An exaggerated estimate of the importance

of giving full assent to any particular formula of the Christian

faith.</def>



<au>Shaff.</au>



<hw>Con*fes"sion*al*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A priest

hearing, or sitting to hear, confession.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Boucher</au>



<hw>Con*fes"sion*a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>confessionarium</ets>.]</ety> <def>A confessional.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Con*fes"sion*a*ry</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to

auricular confession; <as>as, a <ex>confessionary</ex>

litany</as>.</def>



<hw>Con*fes"sion*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>confessioniste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One professing a certain

faith.</def>



<au>Bp. Montagu.</au>



<hw>Con*fess"or</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>confessor</ets>, F. <ets>confesseur</ets>, fr. L. & LL.

<ets>confessor</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who confesses;

one who acknowledges a fault, or the truth of a charge, at the

risk of suffering; specifically, one who confesses himself a

follower of Christ and endures persecution for his faith.</def>



<q>He who dies for religion is a martyr; he who suffers for it is

a <qex>confessor</qex>.</q>

<qau>Latham.</qau>



<q>Our religion which hath been sealed with the blood of so many

martyrs and <qex>confessors</qex>.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A priest who hears the confessions of others and

is authorized to grant them absolution.</def>



<hw>Con*fess"or*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act or state of

suffering persecution for religious faith.</def>



<q>Our duty to contend even to <qex>confessorship</qex>.</q>

<qau>J. H. Newman.</qau>



<hw>Con*fest"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>See

<er>Cofessedly</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Con`fi*dant"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>; 277), <pos>n.

masc.</pos>, <hw>Con`fi*dante"</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.

fem.</pos> }</mhw><ety>[F. <ets>confident</ets>,

<ets>confidente</ets>, formerly also spelt <ets>confidant</ets>,

<ets>confidante</ets>. See <er>Confide</er>, and cf.

<er>Confident</er>.]</ety> <def>One to whom secrets, especially

those relating to affairs of love, are confided or intrusted; a

confidential or bosom friend.</def>



<q>You love me for no other end

Than to become my <qex>confidant</qex> and friend;

As such I keep no secret from your sight.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Con*fide"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Confided</er>; <pos>p.pr.

& vb.n.</pos> <er>Confiding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>confidere</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>fidere</ets> to

trust. See <er>Faith</er>, and cf. <er>Affiance</er>.]</ety>

<def>To put faith (<xex>in</xex>); to repose confidence; to

trust; -- usually followed by <xex>in</xex>; <as>as, the prince

<ex>confides</ex> in his ministers</as>.</def>



<q>By thy command I rise or fall,

In thy protection I <qex>confide</qex>.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<q>Judge before friendships, then <qex>confide</qex> till

death.</q>

<qau>Young.</qau>



<hw>Con*fide"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To intrust; to give in

charge; to commit to one's keeping; -- followed by

<xex>to</xex>.</def>



<q>Congress may . . . <qex>confide</qex> to the Circuit

jurisdiction of all offenses against the United States.</q>

<qau>Story.</qau>



<hw>Con"fi*dence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>confidentia</ets> firm trust in, self-confidence: cf. F.

<ets>confidence</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

confiding, trusting, or putting faith in; trust; reliance;

belief; -- formerly followed by <xex>of</xex>, now commonly by

<xex>in</xex>.</def>



<q>Society is built upon trust, and trust upon

<qex>confidence</qex> of one another's integrity.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<q>A cheerful <qex>confidence in the mercy of God</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That in which faith is put or reliance

had.</def>



<q>The Lord shall be thy <qex>confidence</qex>.</q>

<qau>Prov. iii. 26.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The state of mind characterized by one's

reliance on himself, or his circumstamces; a feeling of

self-sufficiency; such assurance as leads to a feeling of

security; self-reliance; -- often with <xex>self</xex>

prefixed.</def>



<q>Your wisdom is consumed in <qex>confidence</qex>;

Do not go forth to-day.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>But <qex>confidence</qex> then bore thee on secure

Either to meet no danger, or to find

Matter of glorious trial.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Private conversation; (<pluf>pl.</pluf>) secrets

shared; <as>as, there were <ex>confidences</ex> between

them</as>.</def>



<q>Sir, I desire some <qex>confidence</qex> with you.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>Confidence game</col>, <cd>any swindling operation in

which advantage is taken of the confidence reposed by the victim

in the swindler.</cd> -- <col>Confidence man</col>, <cd>a

swindler.</cd> -- <col>To take into one's confidence</col>,

<cd>to admit to a knowledge of one's feelings, purposes, or

affairs.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Trust; assurance; expectation; hope.</syn>



<q>I am <qex>confident</qex> that very much be done.</q>

<qau>Boyle.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Trustful; without fear or suspicion; frank;

unreserved.</def>



<q>Be <qex>confident</qex> to speak, Northumberland;

We three are but thyself.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Having self-reliance; bold; undaunted.</def>



<q>As <qex>confident</qex> as is the falcon's flight

Against a bird, do I with Mowbray fight.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Having an excess of assurance; bold to a fault;

dogmatical; impudent; presumptuous.</def>



<q>The fool rageth and is <qex>confident</qex>.</q>

<qau>Prov. xiv. 16.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Giving occasion for confidence.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>The cause was more <qex>confident</qex> than the event was

prosperious.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<hw>Con"fi*dent</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Confidant</er>.</def>



<au>South. Dryden.</au>



<hw>Con`fi*den"tial</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>confidentiel</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Enjoying, or

treated with, confidence; trusted in; trustworthy; <as>as, a

<ex>confidential</ex> servant or clerk</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Communicated in confidence; secret.</def>

\'bd<xex>Confidential</xex> messages.\'b8



<au>Burke.</au>



<cs><col>Confidential communication</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>

<cd>See <cref>Privileged communication</cref>, under

<er>Privileged</er>.</cd> -- <col>Confidential creditors</col>,

<cd>those whose claims are of such a character that they are

entitled to be paid before other creditors.</cd> --

<col>Confidential debts</col>, <cd>debts incurred for borrowed

money, and regarded as having a claim to be paid before other

debts.</cd></cs>



<au>McElrath.</au>



<hw>Con`fi*den"tial*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In

confidence; in reliance on secrecy.</def>



<hw>Con"fi*dent*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With

confidence; with strong assurance; positively.</def>



<hw>Con"fi*dent*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of

being confident.</def>



<hw>Con*fid"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

confides.</def>



<hw>Con*fid"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That confides; trustful;

unsuspicious.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Con*fid"ing*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Con*fid"ing*ness</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Con*fig"ur*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>configuratus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>configurare</ets> to form

or after; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>figurare</ets> to form,

<ets>figura</ets> form. See <er>Figure</er>.]</ety> <def>To take

form or position, as the parts of a complex structure; to agree

with a pattern.</def>



<q>Known by the name of uniformity;

Where pyramids to pyramids relate

And the whole fabric doth <qex>configurate</qex>.</q>

<qau>Jordan.</qau>



<hw>Con*fig`u*ra"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>configuratio</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Form, as

depending on the relative disposition of the parts of a thing'

shape; figure.</def>



<q>It is the variety of <qex>configurations</qex> [of the mouth]

. . . which gives birth and origin to the several vowels.</q>

<qau>Harris.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Astrol.)</fld> <def>Relative position or aspect

of the planets; the face of the horoscope, according to the

relative positions of the planets at any time.</def>



<q>They [astrologers] undertook . . . to determine the course of

a man's character and life from the <qex>configuration</qex> of

the stars at the moment of his birth.</q>

<qau>Whewell.</qau>



<hw>Con*fig"ure</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Configured</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos>

<er>Configuring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>configurare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>configurer</ets>. See

<er>Configurate</er>.]</ety> <def>To arrange or dispose in a

certain form, figure, or shape.</def>



<au>Bentley.</au>



<hw>Con*fin"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of being confined, restricted, or limited.</def>



<q>Not <qex>confinable</qex> to any limits.</q>

<qau>Bp. Hall.</qau>



<hw>Con*fine"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Confined</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos>

<er>Confining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>confiner</ets> to

border upon, LL. <ets>confinare</ets> to set bounds to;

<ets>con-</ets> + <ets>finis</ets> boundary, end. See

<er>Final</er>, <er>Finish</er>.]</ety> <def>To restrain within

limits; to restrict; to limit; to bound; to shut up; to inclose;

to keep close.</def>



<q>Now let not nature's hand

Keep the wild flood <qex>confined</qex>! let order die!</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>He is to <qex>confine</qex> himself to the compass of numbers

and the slavery of rhyme.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<cs><col>To be confined</col>, <cd>to be in childbed.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- To bound; limit; restrain; imprison; immure;

inclose; circumscribe; restrict.</syn>



<hw>Con"fine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <pos>or</pos> <def>(<?/); 277),

<xex>v. i.</xex> To have a common boundary; to border; to lie

contiguous; to touch; -- followed by <xex>on</xex> or

<xex>with</xex>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Where your g;oomy bounds

<qex>Confine</qex> with heaven.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>Beywixt hezven and earth and skies there stands a place.

<qex>Confuining</qex> on all three.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Con"fine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Common boundary; border; limit; -- used chiefly in the

plural.</def>



<q>Events that came to pass within the <qex>confines</qex> of

Judea.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<q>And now in little space

The <qex>confines</qex> met of emryrean heaven,

And of this world.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>On the <qex>confines</qex> of the city and the Temple.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Apartment; place of restraint; prison.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q><qex>Confines</qex>, wards, and dungeons.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>The extravagant and erring spirit hies

To his <qex>confine</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Con"fine`less</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> 

<def>Without limitation or end; boundless.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Con*fine"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Restraint within limits; imprisonment; any restraint of

liberty; seclusion.</def>



<q>The mind hates restraint, and is apt to fancy itself under

<qex>confinement</qex> when the sight is pent up.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Restraint within doors by sickness, esp. that

caused by childbirth; lying-in.</def>



<hw>Con*fin"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, limits or restrains.</def>



<hw>Con"fi`ner</hw> <pr>(? <or/ <?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

who lives on confines, or near the border of a country; a

borderer; a near neighbor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<q>Happy <qex>confiners</qex> you of other lands,

That shift your soil, and oft 'scape tyrants' hands.</q>

<qau>Daniel.</qau>



<hw>Con*fin"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>confinit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Community of limits;

contiguity.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Con*firm"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Confrmed</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos>

<er>Confirming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>confermen</ets>,

<ets>confirmen</ets>, OF. <ets>confermer</ets>, F.

<ets>confirmer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>confirmare</ets>;

<ets>con-</ets> + <ets>firmare</ets> to make firm, fr.

<ets>firmus</ets> firm. See <er>Firm</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To make firm or firmer; to add strength to; to establish;

<as>as, health is <ex>confirmed</ex> by exercise</as>.</def>



<q><qex>Confirm</qex> the crown to me and to mine heirs.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Annd <qex>confirmed</qex> the same unto Jacob for a law.</q>

<qau>Ps. cv. 10.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To strengthen in judgment or purpose.</def>



<q><qex>Confirmed</qex>, then, I resolve

Adam shall share with me in bliss or woe.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To give new assurance of the truth of; to render

certain; to verify; to corroborate; <as>as, to <ex>confirm</ex> a

rumor</as>.</def>



<q>Your eyes shall witness and <qex>confirm</qex> my tale.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<q>These likelihoods <qex>confirm</qex> her flight.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To render valid by formal assent; to complete by

a necessary sanction; to ratify; <as>as, to <ex>confirm</ex> the

appoinment of an official; the Senate <ex>confirms</ex> a

treaty.</as></def>



<q>That treaty so prejudicial ought to have been remitted rather

than <qex>confimed</qex>.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>To administer the rite of

confirmation to. See <er>Confirmation</er>, 3.</def>



<q>Those which are thus <qex>confirmed</qex> are thereby supposed

to be fit for admission to the sacrament.</q>

<qau>Hammond.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To strengthen; corroborate; substantiate; establish;

fix; ratify; settle; verify; assure.</syn>



<hw>Con*firm"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That may

be confirmed.</def>



<hw>Con*firm"ance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Confirmation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Con`fir*ma"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>confirmation</ets>, L. <ets>confirmatio</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of confirming or strengthening; the act

of establishing, ratifying, or sanctioning; <as>as, the

<ex>confirmation</ex> of an appointment</as>.</def>



<q>Their blood is shed

In <qex>confirmation</qex> of the noblest claim.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which confirms; that which gives new

strength or assurance; as to a statement or belief; additional

evidence; proof; convincing testimony.</def>



<q>Trifles light as air

Are to the jealous <qex>confirmations</qex> strong

As proofs of holy writ.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A rite supplemental to

baptism, by which a person is admitted, through the laying on of

the hands of a bishop, to the full privileges of the church, as

in the Roman Catholic, the Episcopal Church, etc.</def>



<q>This ordinance is called <qex>confirmation</qex>, because they

who duly receive it are confirmed or strengthened for the

fulfillment of their Christian duties, by the grace therein

bestowed upon them.</q>

<qau>Hook.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A conveyance by which a

voidable estate is made sure and not voliable, or by which a

particular estate is increased; a contract, express or implied,

by which a person makes that firm and binding which was before

voidable.</def>



<hw>Con*firm"a*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>confirmativus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>confirmatif</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Tending confirm or establish.</def>



<au>Sherwood.</au>



-- <wordforms><wf>Con*firm"a*tive*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Con"fir*ma`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which, confirms; a

confirmer.</def>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Con*firm"a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. .</pos>

<def>Serving to confirm; corroborative.</def>



<q>A fact <qex>confirmatory</qex> of the conclusion.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Pertaining to the rite of confirmation.</def>



<au>Compton.</au>



<hw>Con*firm"ed*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With

confirmation.</def>



<hw>Con*firm"ed*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A fixed

state.</def>



<hw>Con`fir*mee"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>confirm<?/</ets>, p.p. of <ets>confirmer</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One to whom anuthing is confirmed.</def>



<hw>Con*firm"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, confirms, establishes, or ratifies; one who

corroborates.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Con*firm"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a confirming

manner.</def>



<hw>Con*fis"ca*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>confiscable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being confiscated;

liable to forfeiture.</def>



<hw>Con"fis*cate</hw> <pr>(? <or/ <?/)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>confiscatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>confiscare</ets> to

confiscate, prop., to lay up in a chest; <ets>con-</ets> +

<ets>fiscus</ets> basket, purse, treasury. See

<er>Fiscal</er>.]</ety> <def>Seized and appropriated by the

government to the public use; forfeited.</def>



<q>Lest that your goods too soon be <qex>confiscate</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Con"fis*cate</hw> <pr>(? <or/ <?/; 277)</pr>, <pos>v. t.

</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp & p. p.</pos> <er>Confiscated</er>;

<pos>p</pos>.<pos>pr & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Confiscating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To seize as forfeited to

the public treasury; to appropriate to the public use.</def>



<q>It was judged that he should be banished and his whole estate

<qex>confiscated</qex> and seized.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<hw>Con`fis*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>confiscatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of taking

property or condemning it to be taken, as forfeited to the public

use.</def>



<q>The <qex>confiscations</qex> following a subdued

rebellion.</q>

<qau>Hallam.</qau>



<hw>Con"fis*ca`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a

treasurer.]</ety> <def>One who confiscates.</def>



<au>Burke.</au>



<hw>Con*fis"ca*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Effecting confiscation; characterized by

confiscations.</def> \'bd<xex>Confiscatory</xex> and

exterminatory periods.\'b8



<au>Burke.</au>



<hw>Con"fit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Comfit</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Con"fi*tent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>confitens</ets>, p.pr.]</ety> <def>One who confesses his

sins and faults.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Con*fit"e*or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., I

confess. See <er>Confess</er>.]</ety> <fld>(R.C.Ch.)</fld> <def>A

form of prayer in which public confession of sins is made.</def>



<hw>Con"fi*ture</hw> <pr>(? <or/ <?/; 106)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>The state or quality of being congenial; natural affinity;

adaptation; suitableness.</def>



<au>Sir J. Reynolds.</au>



<q>If <qex>congeniality</qex> of tastes could have made a

marriage happy, that union should have been thrice blessed.</q>

<qau>Motley.</qau>



<hw>Con*gen"ial*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

make congenial.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Con*gen"ial*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a congenial

manner; <as>as, <ex>congenially</ex> married or

employed</as>.</def>



<hw>Con*gen"ial*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Congeniality.</def>



<hw>Con*gen"ious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Congeneric.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Con*gen"i*tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Congenite</er>.]</ety> <def>Existing at, or dating from,

birth; pertaining to one from birth; born with one; connate;

constitutinal; natural; <as>as, a <ex>congenital</ex>

deformity</as>. See <er>Connate</er>.</def>



<hw>Con*gen"i*tal*ly</hw>, <pos>dv.</pos> <def>In a congenital

manner.</def>



<hw>Con*gen"ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>congenitus</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>genitus</ets>, p.p.

of <ets>gignere</ets> to beget. See <er>Generate</er>.]</ety>

<def>Congenital; connate; inborn. See <er>Congenital</er>.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Many conclusions, of moral and intellectual truths, seem . . .

to be <qex>congenite</qex> with us.</q>

<qau>Sir M. Hale.</qau>



<hw>Con"ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conger</ets>, <ets>congrus</ets>, akin to Gr. <?/: cf. F.

<ets>congre</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The conger

eel; -- called also <altname>congeree</altname>.</def>



<cs><col>Conger sea</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the sea eel;

a large species of eel (<spn>Conger vulgaris</spn>), which

sometimes grows to the length of ten feet.</cd></cs>



<hw>Con*ge"ri*es</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. sing & pl.</pos>

<ety>[L., fr. <ets>congerere</ets>. See <er>Congest</er>.]</ety>

<def>A collection of particles or bodies into one mass; a heap;

an aggregation.</def>



<hw>Con*gest"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t. </pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>congestus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>congere</ets> to bring

together; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>gerere</ets>. See

<er>Gerund</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To collect or gather into a mass or aggregate;

to bring together; to accumulate.</def>



<q>To what will thy <qex>congested</qex> guilt amount?</q>

<qau>Blackmore.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To cause an overfullness of

the blood vessels (esp. the capillaries) of an organ or

part.</def>



<hw>Con*gest"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Crowded together.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Containing an unnatural

accumulation of blood; hyper\'91mic; -- said of any part of the

body.</def>



<hw>Con*ges"tion</hw> <pr>(?; 106)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>congestio: cf. F. <ets>congestion</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of gathering into a heap or mass;

accumulation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The <qex>congestion</qex> of dead bodies one upon another.</q>

<qau>Evelyn.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Overfullness of the capillary

and other blood vessels, etc., in any locality or organ (often

producing other morbid symptoms); local hyper<?/mic, active or

passive; <as>as, arterial <ex>congestion</ex>; venous

<ex>congestion</ex>; <ex>congestion</ex> of the lungs.</as></def>



<hw>Con*gest"ive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, indicating, or attended

with, congestion in some part of the body; <as>as, a

<ex>congestive</ex> fever</as>.</def>



<hw>Con"gi*a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Congiaries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.

<ets>congiarium</ets>, fr. <ets>congius</ets> a liquid

measure.]</ety> <def>A present, as of corn, wine, or oil, made by

a Roman emperor to the soldiers or the people; -- so called

because measured to each in a <xex>congius</xex>.</def>



<au>Addison.</au>



<note><hand/ In later years, when gifts of money were

distributed, the name <xex>congius</xex> was retained.</note>



<hw>\'d8Con"gi*us</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Roman Antiq.)</fld> <def>A

liquid measure containing about three quarts.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A gallon, or four

quarts.</def> <altsp>[Often abbreviated to

<asp>cong.</asp>]</altsp>



<hw>Con*gla"ci*ate</hw> <pr>(?; 221)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>conglaciatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>conglaciare</ets>.

See <er>Glaciate</er>.]</ety> <def>To turn to ice; to

freeze.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Con*gla`ci*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>conglaciation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of

changing into ice, or the state of being converted to ice; a

freezing; congelation; also, a frost.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Con*glo"bate</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conglobatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>conglobare</ets> to

conglobate. See <er>Globate</er>.]</ety> <def>Collected into, or

forming, a rounded mass or ball; <as>as, the <ex>conglobate</ex>

[lymphatic] glands; <ex>conglobate</ex> flowers.</as></def>



<hw>Con*glo"bate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Conglobated</er>;

<pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos> <er>Conglobating</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[Cf. <er>Conglore</er>.]</ety> <def>To collect or form into

a ball or rounded mass; to gather or mass together.</def>



<q><qex>Conglobated</qex> bubbles undissolved.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<hw>Con`glo*ba"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conglobatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>conglobation</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or process of forming into a ball.</def>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A round body.</def>



<hw>Con*globe"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t. </pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp & p. p.</pos> <er>Conglobed</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Conglobing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>conglobare</ets>:

cf. F. <ets>conglober</ets>. Cf. <er>Conglobate</er>.]</ety>

<def>To gather into a ball; to collect into a round mass.</def>



<q>Then founded, then <qex>conglobed</qex>

Like things to like.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Con*globe"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To collect, unite, or

coalesce in a round mass.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Con*glob"u*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>globule</ets>.]</ety> <def>To

gather into a small round mass.</def>



<hw>Con*glom"er*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conglomeratus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>conglomerare</ets> to roll

together; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>glomerare</ets> to wind into a

ball. See <er>Glomerate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Gathered

into a ball or a mass; collected together; concentrated; <as>as,

<ex>conglomerate</ex> rays of light</as>.</def>



<q>Beams of light when they are multiplied and

<qex>conglomerate</qex>.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<q>Fluids are separated in the liver and the other conglobate and

<qex>conglomerate</qex> glands.</q>

<qau>Cheyne.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Closely crowded together;

densly clustered; <as>as, <ex>conglomerate</ex>

flowers</as>.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Composed of stones, pebbles,

or fragments of rocks, cemented together.</def>



<hw>Con*glom"er*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>That which is heaped together in a mass or conpacted from

various sources; a mass formed of fragments; collection;

accumulation.</def>



<q>A <qex>conglomerate</qex> of marvelous anecdotes, marvelously

heaped together.</q>

<qau>Trench.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A rock, composed or rounded

fragments of stone cemented together by another mineral

substance, either calcareous, siliceous, or argillaceous; pudding

stone; -- opposed to <xex>agglomerate</xex>. See

<er>Breccia</er>.</def>



<q>A <qex>conglomerate</qex>, therefore, is simply gravel bound

together by a cement.</q>

<qau>Lyell.</qau>



<hw>Con*glom"er*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Conglomerated</er>;

<pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos> <er>Conglomerating</er>.]</wordforms>

<def>To gather into a ball or round body; to collect into a

mass.</def>



<hw>Con*glom`er*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conglomeratio</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>conglomeration</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of

gathering into a mass; the state of being thus collected;

collection; accumulation; that which is conglomerated; a mixed

mass.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Con*glu"tin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Conglutinate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A variety

of vegetable casein, resembling legumin, and found in almonds,

rye, wheat, etc.</def>



<hw>Con*glu"ti*nant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.,

<ets>conglutinans</ets>, p.pr.]</ety> <def>Cementing together;

uniting closely; causing to adhere; promoting healing, as of a

wound or a broken bone, by adhesion of the parts.</def>



<hw>Con*glu"ti*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conglutinatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>conglutinare</ets> to

glue; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>glutinare</ets> to glue,

<ets>gluten</ets> glue.]</ety> <def>Glued together; united, as by

some adhesive substance.</def>



<hw>Con*glu"ti*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Conglutinated</er>;

<pos>p.pr. & vb.n</pos>. Conglutinating.]</wordforms> <def>To

glue together; to unite by some glutinous or tenacious substance;

to cause to adhere or to grow together.</def>



<q>Bones . . . have had their broken parts

<qex>conglutinated</qex> within three or four days.</q>

<qau>Boyle.</qau>



<hw>Con*glu"ti*nate</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To unite by the

intervention of some glutinous substance; to coalesce.</def>



<-- p. 303 -->



<hw>Con*glu`ti*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conglutinatio</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>conglutination</ets>.]</ety> <def>A gluing together; a

joining by means of some tenacious substance; junction;

union.</def>



<q><qex>Conglutination</qex> of parts separated by a wound.</q>

<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>



<hw>Con*glu"ti*na"tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>conglutinatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Conglutinant.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Con"gou</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Con"go</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Chin.

<ets>kung-foo</ets> labor.]</ety> <def>Black tea, of higher grade

(finer leaf and less dusty) than the present bohea. See

<er>Tea</er>.</def>



<q>Of black teas, the great mass is called <qex>Congou</qex>, or

the \'bdwell worked\'b8, a name which took the place of the

<qex>Bohea</qex> of 150 years ago, and is now itself giving way

to the term \'bdEnglish breakfast tea.\'b8</q>

<qau>S. W. Williams.</qau>



<hw>Con"go snake"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>An amphibian (<spn>Amphiuma means</spn>) of the order

<spn>Urodela</spn>, found in the southern United States. See

<er>Amphiuma</er>.</def>



<hw>Con*grat"u*lant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>congratulans</ets>, p. pr.]</ety> <def>Rejoicing together;

congratulatory.</def>



<q>With like joy

<qex>Congratulant</qex> approached him.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Con*grat"u*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Congratulated</er>;

<pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos> <er>Congratulating</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[L. <ets>congratulatus</ets>, p.p. of

<ets>congratulari</ets> to wish joy abundantly; <ets>con-</ets> +

<ets>gratulari</ets> to wish joy, from <ets>gratus</ets>

pleasing. See <er>Grateful</er>.]</ety> <def>To address with

expressions of sympathetic pleasure on account of some happy

event affecting the person addressed; to wish joy to.</def>



<q>It is the king's most sweet pleasure and affection to

<qex>congratulate</qex> the princess at her pavilion.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>To congratulate one's self</col>, <cd>to rejoice; to

feel satisfaction; to consider one's self happy or

fortunate.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>To Congratulate</er>, <er>Felicitate</er>.</syn>

<usage> To <xex>felicitate</xex> is simply to wish a person joy.

To <xex>congratulate</xex> has the additional signification of

uniting in the joy of him whom we congratulate.  Hence they are

by no means synonymous. One who has lost the object of his

affections by her marriage to a rival, might perhaps

<xex>felicitate</xex> that rival on his success, but could never

be expected to <xex>congratulate</xex> him on such an

event.</usage>



<q><qex>Felicitations</qex> are little better than compliments;

<qex>congratulations</qex> are the expression of a genuine

sympathy and joy.</q>

<qau>Trench.</qau>



<hw>Con*grat"u*late</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To express of

feel sympathetic joy; <as>as, to <ex>congratulate</ex> with one's

country</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Swift.</au>



<q>The subjects of England may <qex>congratulate</qex> to

themselves.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Con*grat`u*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>congratulatio</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>congratulation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of congratulating;

an expression of sympathetic pleasure.</def>



<q>With infinite <qex>congratulations</qex> for our safe

arrival.</q>

<qau>Dr. J. Scott.</qau>



<hw>Con*grat"u*la`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

who offers congratulation.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Con*grat"u*la*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Expressive of sympathetic joy; <as>as, a

<ex>congratulatory</ex> letter</as>.</def>



<hw>Con*gree"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<ety>[Pref.<ets>on-</ets>+ L. <ets>gratus</ets> pleasing. Cf.

<er>Agree</er>.]</ety> <def>To agree.</def> <mark>[bs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Con*greet"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To salute

mutually.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Con"gre*gate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>congregatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>congregare</ets> to

congregate; <ets>on-</ets> + <ets>gregare</ets> to collect into a

flock, fr. <ets>grex</ets> flock, herd. See

<er>Gregarious</er>.]</ety> <def>Collected; compact; close.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Con"gre*gate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Congregated</er>;

<pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos> <er>Congregating</er>]</wordforms>

<def>To collect into an assembly or assemblage; to assemble; to

bring into one place, or into a united body; to gather together;

to mass; to compact.</def>



<q>Any multitude of Christian men <qex>congregated</qex> may be

termed by the name of a church.</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<q>Cold <qex>congregates</qex> all bodies.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<q>The great receptacle

Of <qex>congregated</qex> waters he called Seas.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Con"gre*gate</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To come together; to

assemble; to meet.</def>



<q>Even there where merchants most do <qex>congregate</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Con`gre*ga"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>congregatio</ets>: <ets>cf</ets>. <ets>F</ets>.

<ets>congr\'82gation</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

congregating, or bringing together, or of collecting into one

aggregate or mass.</def>



<q>The means of reduction in the fire is but by the

<qex>congregation</qex> of homogeneal parts.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A collection or mass of separate things.</def>



<q>A foul and pestilent <qex>congregation</qex> of vapors.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An assembly of persons; a gathering; esp. an

assembly of persons met for the worship of God, and for religious

instruction; a body of people who habitually so meet.</def>



<q>He [Bunyan] rode every year to London, and preached there to

large and attentive <qex>congregations</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Anc. Jewish Hist.)</fld> <def>The whole body of

the Jewish people; -- called also <altname>Congregation of the

Lord</altname>.</def>



<q>It is a sin offering for the <qex>congregation</qex>.</q>

<qau>Lev. iv. 21.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A body of

cardinals or other ecclesiastics to whom as intrusted some

departament of the church business; <as>as, the <ex>Congregation

of the Propaganda</ex>, which has charge of the missions of the

Roman Catholic Church</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A company of

religious persons forming a subdivision of a monastic

order.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>The assemblage of Masters and Doctors at Oxford

or Cambrige University, mainly for the granting of degrees.</def>

<mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Scotch Church Hist.)</fld> <def>the name

assumed by the Protestant party under John Knox. The leaders

called themselves (1557) <xex>Lords of the

Congregation</xex>.</def>



<hw>Con`gre*ga"tion*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to a congregation; conducted,

or participated in, by a congregation; <as>as,

<ex>congregational</ex> singing</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Belonging to the system of Congregationalism, or

to Congregationalist; holding to the faith and polity of

Congregationalism; <as>as, a <ex>Congregational</ex>

church</as>.</def>



<hw>Con`gre*ga"tion*al*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>That system of church organization which vests

all ecclesiastical power in the assembled brotherhood of each

local church.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The faith and polity of the Congregational

churches, taken collectively.</def>



<note><hand/ In this sense (which is its usual signification)

<xex>Congregationalism</xex> is the system of faith and practice

common to a large body of evangelical Trinitarian churches, which

recognize the local brotherhood of each church as independent of

all dictation in ecclesiastical matters, but are united in

fellowship and joint action, as in councils for mutual advice,

and in consociations, conferences, missionary organizations,

etc., and to whose membership the designation

\'bdCongregationalists\'b8 is generally restricted; but Unitarian

and other churches are Congregational in their polity.</note>



<hw>Con`gre*ga"tion*al*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

belongs to a Congregational church or society; one who holds to

Congregationalism.</def>



<hw>Con"gress</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Congresses</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.

<ets>congressus</ets>, fr. <ets>congredi</ets>, p.p.

<ets>-gressus</ets>, to go or come together; <ets>con-</ets> +

<ets>grati</ets> to go or step, <ets>gradus</ets> step: cf. F.

<ets>congr<?/s</ets>. See <er>Grade</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A meeting of individuals, whether friendly or hostile; an

encounter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Here Pallas urges on, and Lausus there;<

heir <qex>congress</qex> in the field great Jove withstands.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A sudden encounter; a collision; a shock; --

said of things.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>From these laws may be deduced the rules of the

<qex>congresses</qex> and reflections of two bodies.</q>

<qau>Cheyne.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The coming together of a male and female in

sexual commerce; the act of coition.</def>



<au>Pennant.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A gathering or assembly; a conference.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A formal assembly, as of princes, deputies,

representatives, envoys, or commissioners; esp., a meeting of the

representatives of several governments or societies to consider

and determine matters of common interest.</def>



<q>The European powers strove to . . . accommodate their

differences at the <qex>congress</qex> of Vienna.</q>

<qau>Alison.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>The collective body of senators and

representatives of the people of a nation, esp. of a republic,

constituting the chief legislative body of the nation.</def>



<note><hand/ In the Congress of the United States (which took the

place of the Federal Congress, March 4, 1789), the Senate

consists of two Senators from each State, chosen by the State

legislature for a term of six years, in such a way that the terms

of one third of the whole number expire every year; the House of

Representatives consists of members elected by the people of the

several Congressional districts, for a term of two years, the

term of all ending at the same time. The united body of Senators

and Representatives for any term of two years for which the whole

body of Representatives is chosen is called <xex>one

Congress</xex>. Thus the session which began in December, 1887,

was the first (or long) session, and that which began in

December, 1888, was the second (or short) session, of the

<xex>Fiftieth Congress</xex>. When an extra session is had before

the date of the first regular meeting of a Congress, that is

called the first session, and the following regular session is

called the second session.</note>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>The lower house of the Spanish Cortes, the

members of which are elected for three years.</def>



<cs><col>The Continental Congress</col>, <cd>an assembly of

deputies from the thirteen British colonies in America, appointed

to deliberate in respect to their common interests. They first

met in 1774, and from time thereafter until near the close of the

Revolution.</cd> -- <col>The Federal Congress</col>, <cd>the

assembly of representatives of the original States of the

American Union, who met under the Articles of Confederation from

1781 till 1789.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Congress boot</col> <or/

<col>gaiter</col></mcol>, <cd>a high shoe or half-boot, coming

above the ankle, and having the sides made in part of some

elastic material which stretches to allow the boot to be drawn on

and off. <mark>[U.S.]</mark></cd> -- <col>Congress water</col>,

<cd>a saline mineral water from the Congress spring at Saratoga,

in the State of New York.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Assembly; meeting; convention; convocation; council;

diet; conclave; parliament; legislature.</syn>



<hw>Con*gres"sion</hw> <pr>(? <or/ <?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>congressio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A coming or bringing

together, as in a public meeting, in a dispute, in the act of

comparing, or in sexual intercourse.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>



<hw>Con*gres"sion*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to a congress, especially, to the Congress of the

United States; <as>as, <ex>congressional</ex> debates</as>.</def>



<q><qex>Congressional</qex> and official labor.</q>

<qau>E. Everett.</qau>



<cs><col>Congressional District</col>, <cd>one of the divisions

into which a State is periodically divided (according to

population), each of which is entitled to elect a Representative

to the Congress of the United States.</cd></cs>



<hw>Con*gres"sive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Encountering, or coming together.</def>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Con"gress*man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Congressmen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>. </plu> <def>A member of

the Congress of the United States, esp. of the House of

Representatives.</def>



<hw>Con"greve rock"et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>See under

<er>Rocket</er>.</def>



<hw>Con"grue"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>congruere</ets>. See <er>Congruous</er>.]</ety> <def>To

agree; to be suitable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Con"gru*ence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>congruentia</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>cornguence</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Suitableness of one thing to another; agreement;

consistency.</def>



<au>Holland.</au>



<hw>Con"gru*en*cy</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> 

<def>Congruence.</def>



<cs><col>Congruency of lines</col>. <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <cd>See

<cref>Complex of lines</cref>, under <er>Complex</er>,

<pos>n.</pos></cd></cs>



<hw>Con"gru*ent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>congruens</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>congruere</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>congruent</ets>.]</ety> <def>Possessing congruity; suitable;

agreeing; corresponding.</def>



<q>The <qex>congruent</qex> and harmonious fitting of parts in a

sentence.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<cs><col>Congruent figures</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>,

<cd>concurring figures.</cd></cs>



<hw>Con"gru*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>congruisme</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Scholastic Theol.)</fld>

<def>See <er>Congruity</er>.</def>



<hw>Con*gru"i*ty</hw> <pr>(? <or/ <?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl. <plw>Congruities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>congruit<?/</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The state or

quality of being congruous; the relation or agreement between

things; fitness; harmony; correspondence; consistency.</def>



<q>With what <qex>congruity</qex> doth the church of Rome deny

that her enemies do at all appertain to the church of Christ?</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<q>A whole sentence may fail of its <qex>congruity</qex> by

wanting one particle.</q>

<qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>Coincidence, as that of lines

or figures laid over one another.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Scholastic Theol.)</fld> <def>That, in an

imperfectly good persons, which renders it suitable for God to

bestow on him gifts of grace.</def>



<hw>Con"gru*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>congruus</ets>, fr. <ets>congruere</ets> to come together,

to coincide, to agree. Of uncertain origin.]</ety> <def>Suitable

or concordant; accordant; fit; harmonious; correspondent;

consistent.</def>



<q>Not <qex>congruous</qex> to the nature of epic poetry.</q>

<qau>Blair.</qau>



<q>It is no ways <qex>congruous</qex> that God should be always

frightening men into an acknowledgment of the truth.</q>

<qau>Atterbury.</qau>



<hw>Con"gru*ous*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a congruous

manner.</def>



<hw>Con*hy"drine</hw> <pr>(? <or/ <?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Con</ets>ium + <ets>hydr</ets>ate.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A vegetable alkaloid found with conine in

the poison hemlock (<spn>Conium maculatum</spn>). It is a white

crystalline substance, <chform>C8H17NO</chform>, easily

convertible into conine.</def>



<hw>\'d8Co*ni"a</hw> <pr>(? <or/ <?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL. See <er>Conium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>Same as <er>Conine</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Con"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Con"ic*al</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F.

<ets>conique</ets>. See <er>Cone</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Having the form of, or resembling, a geometrical cone; round

and tapering to a point, or gradually lessening in circumference;

<as>as, a <ex>conic</ex> or <ex>conical</ex> figure; a

<ex>conical</ex> vessel.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to a cone; <as>as,

<ex>conic</ex> sections</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Conic section</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>a curved

line formed by the intersection of the surface of a right cone

and a plane. The conic sections are the parabola, ellipse, and

hyperbola. The right lines and the circle which result from

certain positions of the plane are sometimes, though not

generally included.</cd> -- <col>Conic sections</col>, <cd>that

branch of geometry which treats of the parabola, ellipse, and

hyperbola.</cd> -- <col>Conical pendulum</col>. <cd>See

<er>Pendulum</er>.</cd> -- <col>Conical projection</col>, <cd>a

method of delineating the surface of a sphere upon a plane

surface as if projected upon the surface of a cone; -- much used

by makers of maps in Europe.</cd> -- <col>Conical surface</col>

<fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>a surface described by a right line

moving along any curve and always passing through a fixed point

that is not in the plane of that curve.</cd></cs>



<hw>Con"ic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A conic

section.</def>



<hw>Con`i*cal"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Conicalness.</def>



<hw>Con"ic*al*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In the

form of a cone.</def>



<hw>Con"ic*al*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>State or quality of

being conical.</def>



<hw>Con"i*co-</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Conic</er>.]</ety> <def>A combining form, meaning

<xex>somewhat resembling a cone</xex>; <as>as,

<ex>conico</ex>-cylindrical, resembling a cone and a cylinder;

<ex>conico</ex>-hemispherical;

<ex>conico</ex>-subulate.</as></def>



<hw>Con"i*coid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Conic</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Conoidal</er>.</def>



<hw>Con"ics</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>That branch of geometry which treats of the cone and the

curves which arise from its sections.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Conic sections.</def>



<hw>\'d8Co*nid"i*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Conida</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[NL.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A peculiar kind of reproductive cell found

in certain fungi, and often containing zo\'94spores.</def>



<hw>Co"ni*fer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conifer</ets>; <ets>conus</ets> cone + <ets>ferre</ets> to

bear: cf. F. <ets>conif\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A tree or shrub bearing cones; one of the order

<spn>Coniferae</spn>, which includes the pine, cypress, and

(according to some) the yew.</def>



<hw>Co*nif"er*in</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A glucoside extracted from the cambium

layer of coniferous trees as a white crystalline substance.</def>



<hw>Co*nif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>Bearing cones, as the pine and cypress.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>Pertaining to the order <spn>Coniferae</spn>, of which the

pine tree is the type.</def>



<hw>Co"ni*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cone</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>coniforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Cone-shaped; conical.</def>



<hw>Co*ni"ine</hw> <pr>(? <or/ <?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Conine</er>.</def>



<hw>Co"ni*mene</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.

uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as

<er>Olibene</er>.</def>



<hw>Co"nine</hw> <pr>(? <or/ <?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Conium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A powerful and

very poisonous vegetable alkaloid found in the hemlock

(<spn>Conium maculatum</spn>) and extracted as a colorless oil,

<chform>C8H17N</chform>, of strong repulsive odor and acrid

taste. It is regarded as a derivative of piperidine and likewise

of one of the collidines. It occasions a gradual paralysis of the

motor nerves. Called also <altname>coniine</altname>,

<altname>coneine</altname>, <altname>conia</altname>, etc.  See

<er>Conium</er>, 2.</def>



<hw>\'d8Co`ni*ros"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the

Conirostres.</def>



<hw>Co`ni*ros"tral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the Conirostres.</def>



<hw>\'d8Co`ni*ros"tres</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>conus</ets> cone + <ets>rostrum</ets>

beak: cf. F. <ets>conirostre</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A tribe of perching birds, including those which have a

strong conical bill, as the finches.</def>



<hw>Con`i*sor"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Obs</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Cognizor</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Co*nis"tra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ dust.]</ety> <fld>(Greek Antiq.)</fld>

<def>Originally, a part of the palestra, or gymnasium among the

Greeks; either the place where sand was stored for use in

sprinkling the wrestlers, or the wrestling ground itself. Hence,

a part of the orchestra of the Greek theater.</def>



<hw>Co"nite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ dust:

cf. F. <ets>conite</ets>. So called on account of its gray

color.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A magnesian variety of

dolomite.</def>



<hw>\'d8Co*ni"um</hw> <pr>(? <or/ <?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ hemlock.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of biennial, poisonous,

white-flowered, umbelliferous plants, bearing ribbed fruit

(\'bdseeds\'b8) and decompound leaves.</def>



<-- p. 304 -->



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The common hemlock

(<spn>Conium maculatum</spn>, poison hemlock, spotted hemlock,

poison parsley), a roadside weed of Europe, Asia, and America,

cultivated in the United States for medicinal purpose. It is an

active poison. The leaves and fruit are used in medicine.</def>



<hw>Con*ject"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conjectus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>conjicere</ets>. See

<er>Conjecture</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>To throw together,

or to throw.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Montagu.</au>



<hw>Con*ject"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To conjecture; also, to

plan.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Con*ject"or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.]</ety>

<def>One who guesses or conjectures.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A great <qex>conjector</qex> at other men by their

writings.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Con*jec"tur*a*ble</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> 

<def>Capable of being conjectured or guessed.</def>



<hw>Con*jec"tur*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conjecturalis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>conjectural</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Dependent on conjecture; fancied; imagined; guessed at;

undetermined; doubtful.</def>



<q>And mak'st <qex>conjectural</qex> fears to come into me.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>A slight expense of <qex>conjectural</qex> analogy.</q>

<qau>Hugh Miller.</qau>



<q>Who or what such editor may be, must remain

<qex>conjectural</qex>.</q>

<qau>Carlyle.</qau>



<hw>Con*jec"tur*al*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

conjecturer.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Month. rev.</au>



<hw>Con*jec`tur*al"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That

which depends upon guess; guesswork.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Con*jec`tur*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a conjectural

manner; by way of conjecture.</def>



<au>Boyle.</au>



<hw>Con*jec"ture</hw> <pr>(; 135?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conjectura</ets>, fr. <ets>conjicere</ets>,

<ets>conjectum</ets>, to throw together, infer, conjecture;

<ets>con-</ets> + <ets>jacere</ets> to throw: cf. F.

<ets>conjecturer</ets>. See <er>Jet</er> a shooting forth.]</ety>

<def>An opinion, or judgment, formed on defective or presumptive

evidence; probable inference; surmise; guess; suspicion.</def>



<q>He [Herodotus] would thus have corrected his first loose

<qex>conjecture</qex> by a real study of nature.</q>

<qau>Whewell.</qau>



<q><qex>Conjectures</qex>, fancies, built on nothing firm.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Con*jec"ture</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. &

p.p.</pos> <er>Conjectured</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.pr. &

vb.n.</pos> <er>Conjecturing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>conjecturer</ets>. Cf. <er>Conject</er>.]</ety> <def>To

arrive at by conjecture; to infer on slight evidence; to surmise;

to guess; to form, at random, opinions concerning.</def>



<q>Human reason can then, at the best, but <qex>conjecture</qex>

what will be.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<hw>Con*jec"ture</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To make conjectures;

to surmise; to guess; to infer; to form an opinion; to

imagine.</def>



<hw>Con*jec"tur*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

conjectures.</def>



<au>Hobbes.</au>



<hw>Con*join</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Conjoined</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos>

<er>Conjoining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>conjoindre</ets>,

fr. L. <ets>conjungere</ets>, <ets>-junctum</ets>;

<ets>con-</ets> + <ets>jungere</ets> to join. See <er>Join</er>,

and cf. <er>Conjugate</er>, <er>Conjunction</er>.]</ety> <def>To

join together; to unite.</def>



<q>The English army, that divided was

Into two parties, is now <qex>conjoined</qex> in one.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>If either of you know any inward impediment why you should not

be <qex>conjoined</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Let that which he learns next be nearly <qex>conjoined</qex>

with what he knows already.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<hw>Con*join"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To unite; to join; to

league.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Con*joined"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Joined together or touching.</def>



<hw>Con*joint"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>conjoint</ets>, p.p. of <ets>conjoindre</ets>. See

<er>Conjoin</er>, and cf. <er>Conjunct</er>.]</ety> <def>United;

connected; associated.</def> \'bdInfluence

<xex>conjoint</xex>.\'b8



<au>Glover.</au>



<cs><col>Conjoint degrees</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>two notes

which follow each other immediately in the order of the scale, as

<xex>ut<xex> and <xex>re<xex>.</cd></cs>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<cs><col>Conjoint tetrachords</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, two

tetrachords or fourths, where the same note is the highest of one

and the lowest of the other; -- also written <asp>conjunct</asp>.



<hw>Con*joint"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a conjoint manner;

untitedly; jointly; together.</def>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Con*joint"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The qquality of being

conjoint.</def>



<hw>Con*ju"bi*lant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Shouting

together for joy; rejoicing together.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Neale.</au>



<hw>Con"ju*gal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conjugalis</ets>, fr. <ets>conjux</ets> husband, wife,

consort, fr. <ets>conjungere</ets> to unite, join in marriage.

See <er>Conjoin</er>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to marriage; suitable

or appropriate to the marriage state or to married persons;

matrimonial; connubial.</def> \'bd<xex>Conjugal</xex>

affection.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Con`ju*gal"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

conjugal state; sexual intercourse.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Con"ju*gal*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

conjugal manner; matrimonially; connubially.</def>



<hw>Con"ju*gate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conjugatus</ets>, p.p. or <ets>conjugare</ets> to unite;

<ets>con-</ets> + <ets>jugare</ets> to join, yoke, marry, jugum

yoke; akin to <ets>jungere</ets> to join. See

<er>Join</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>United in pairs; yoked

together; coupled.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>In single pairs;

coupled.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Containing two or more

radicals supposed to act the part of a single one.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Agreeing in derivation and

radical signification; -- said of words.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Presenting themselves

simultaneously and having reciprocal properties; -- frequently

used in pure and applied mathematics with reference to two

quantities, points, lines, axes, curves, etc.</def>



<cs><col>Conjugate axis of a hyperbola</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>,

<cd>the line through the center of the curve, perpendicular to

the line through the two foci.</cd> -- <col>Conjugate

diameters</col> <fld>(Conic Sections)</fld>, <cd>two diameters of

an ellipse or hyperbola such that each bisects all chords drawn

parallel to the other.</cd> -- <col>Conjugate focus</col>

<fld>(Opt.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Focus</er>.</cd> --

<col>Conjugate mirrors</col> <fld>(Optics)</fld>, <cd>two mirrors

so placed that rays from the focus of one are received at the

focus of the other, especially two concave mirrors so placed that

rays proceeding from the principal focus of one and reflected in

a parallel beam are received upon the other and brought to the

principal focus.</cd> -- <col>Conjugate point</col>

<fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>an acnode. See <er>Acnode</er>, and

<er>Double point</er>.</cd> -- <col>Self-conjugate triangle</col>

<fld>(Conic Sections)</fld>, <cd>a triangle each of whose

vertices is the pole of the opposite side with reference to a

conic.</cd></cs>



<hw>Con`ju*gate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conjugatum</ets> a combining, etymological

relationship.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A word agreeing in

derivation with another word, and therefore generally resembling

it in signification.</def>



<q>We have learned, in logic, that <qex>conjugates</qex> are

sometimes in name only, and not in deed.</q>

<qau>Abp. Bramhall.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A complex radical supposed to

act the part of a single radical.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Con"ju*gate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Conjugated</er>;

<pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos> <er>Conjugating</er>.]</wordforms>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To unite in marriage; to join.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir H. Wotton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>To inflect (a verb), or give

in order the forms which it assumed in its several voices, moods,

tenses, numbers, and persons.</def>



<hw>Con"ju*gate</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>To

unite in a kind of sexual union, as two or more cells or

individuals among the more simple plants and animals.</def>



<hw>Con`ju*ga"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conjugatio</ets> conjugation (in senses 1 & 3).]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>the act of uniting or combining; union;

assemblage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Mixtures and <qex>conjugations</qex> of atoms.</q>

<qau>Bentley.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Two things conjoined; a pair; a couple.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The sixth <qex>conjugations</qex> or pair of nerves.</q>

<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The act of

conjugating a verb or giving in order its various parts and

inflections.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A scheme in which are

arranged all the parts of a verb.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A class

of verbs conjugated in the same manner.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A kind of sexual union; --

applied to a blending of the contents of two or more cells or

individuals in some plants and lower animals, by which new spores

or germs are developed.</def>



<hw>Con`ju*ga"tion*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>relating to conjugation.</def>



<au>Ellis.</au>



<hw>Con*ju"gi*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conjugialis</ets>, fr. <ets>conjugium</ets>. Cf.

<er>Conjugal</er>.]</ety> <def>Conjugal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Swedenborg.</au>



<hw>\'d8Con*ju"gi*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Law)</fld> <def>The marriage

tie.</def>



<hw>Con*junct"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conjunctus</ets>, p.p. See <er>Conjoin</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>United; conjoined; concurrent.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Same as

<er>Conjoined</er>.</def>



<hw>Con*junc"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conjunctio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>conjunction</ets>. See

<er>Conjoin</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of conjoining,

or the state of being conjoined, united, or associated; union;

association; league.</def>



<q>He will unite the white rose and the red:

Smille heaven upon his fair <qex>conjunction</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Man can effect no great matter by his personal strength but as

he acts in society and <qex>conjunction</qex> with others.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The meeting of two or more

stars or planets in the same degree of the zodiac; <as>as, the

<ex>conjunction</ex> of the moon with the sun, or of Jupiter and

Saturn</as>. See the Note under <er>Aspect</er>, <pos>n.</pos>,

6.</def>



<note><hand/ Heavenly bodies are said to be in

<xex>conjunction</xex> when they are seen in the same part of the

heavens, or have the same longitude or right ascension. The

<xex>inferior</xex> conjunction of an inferior planet is its

position when in conjunction on the same side of the sun with the

earth; the <xex>superior</xex> conjunction of a planet is its

position when on the side of the sun most distant from the

earth.</note>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A connective or connecting

word; an indeclinable word which serves to join together

sentences, clauses of a sentence, or words; <as>as, <ex>and</ex>,

<ex>but</ex>, <ex>if</ex></as>.</def>



<q>Though all <qex>conjunctions</qex> conjoin sentences, yet,

with respect to the sense, some are conjunctive and some

disjunctive.</q>

<qau>Harris.</qau>



<hw>Con*junc"tion*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Relating to a conjunction.</def>



<hw>\'d8Con`junc*ti"va</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., from L. <ets>conjunctivus</ets> connective.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The mucous membrane which covers the

external surface of the ball of the eye and the inner surface of

the lids; the conjunctival membrance.</def>



<hw>Con`junc*ti"val</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Joining; connecting.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the

conjunctiva.</def>



<hw>Con*junc"tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conjunctivus</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Serving to

unite; connecting together.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Closely united.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<cs><col>Conjunctive mood</col> <fld>(Gram.)</fld>, <cd>the mood

which follows a conjunction or expresses contingency; the

subjunctive mood.</cd> -- <col>Conjunctive tissue</col>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the tissue found in nearly all parts of

most animals. It yields gelatin on boiling, and consists of

vriously arranged fibers which are imbedded protoplasmic cells,

or corpuscles; -- called also <altname>cellular tissue</altname>

and <altname>connective tissue</altname>. Adipose or fatty tissue

is one of its many forms, and cartilage and bone are sometimes

included by the phrase.</cd></cs>



<hw>Con*junc"tive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In conjunction or

union; together.</def>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Con*junc"tive*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or

quality of being conjunctive.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Con*junc`ti*vi"tis</hw> <pr>(? <or/ <?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the conjunctiva.</def>



<hw>Con*junct"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In

union; conjointly; unitedly; together.</def>



<au>Sir W. Hamilton.</au>



<hw>Con*junc"ture</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>conjoncture, LL. <ets>conjunctura</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of joining, or state of being joined;

union; connection; combination.</def>



<q>The <qex>conjuncture</qex> of philosophy and divinity.</q>

<qau>Hobbes.</qau>



<q>A fit <qex>conjuncture</qex> or circumstances.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A crisis produced by a combination of

circumstances; complication or combination of events or

circumstances; plight resulting from various conditions.</def>



<q>He [Chesterfield] had recently governed Ireland, at a

momentous <qex>conjuncture</qex>, with eminent firmness, wisdom,

and humanity.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Con`ju*ra"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conjuratio</ets>, cf. F. <ets>conjuration</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of calling or summoning by a sacred

name, or in solemn manner; the act of binding by an oath; an

earnest entreaty; adjuration.</def>



<q>We charge you, in the name of God, take heed; . . . 

Under this <qex>conjuration</qex> speak, my lord.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act or process of invoking supernatural aid

by the use of a magical form of words; the practice of magic

arts; incantation; enchantment.</def>



<q>Pretended <qex>conjurations</qex> and prophecies of that

event.</q>

<qau>Hallam.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A league for a criminal purpose;

conspiracy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdThe

<xex>conjuration</xex> of Catiline.\'b8



<au>Sir T. Elyot.</au>



<hw>Con"ju*ra`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[LL.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>One who swears or

is sworn with others; one bound by oath with others; a

compurgator.</def>



<au>Burrill.</au>



<hw>Con*jure"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Conjured</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos>

<er>Conjuring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>conjurer</ets>,

fr. L. <ets>conjurare</ets> to swear together, to conspire;

<ets>con-</ets> + <ets>jurare</ets> to swear. See

<er>Jury</er>.]</ety> <def>To call on or summon by a sacred name

or in solemn manner; to implore earnestly; to adjure.</def>



<q>I <qex>conjure</qex> you, let him know,

Whate'er was done against him, Cato did it.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<hw>Con*jure"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To combine together by

an eath; to conspire; to confederate.</def> <mark>[A

Latinism]</mark>



<q>Drew after him the third part of Heaven's sons

<qex>Conjured</qex> against the Highest.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Con"jure</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To affect

or effect by conjuration; to call forth or send away by magic

arts; to excite or alter, as if by magic or by the aid of

supernatural powers.</def>



<q>The habitation which your prophet . . . <qex>conjured</qex>

the devil into.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>To conjure up</col>, <cd>or make visible, as a spirit,

by magic arts; hence, to invent; as, <xex>to conjure up<xex> a

story; <xex>to conjure up<xex> alarms.</cd></cs>



<hw>Con"jure</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To practice

magical arts; to use the tricks of a conjurer; to juggle; to

charm.</def>



<q>She <qex>conjures</qex>; away with her.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Con*jure"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Serious

injunction; solemn demand or entreaty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Con*jur"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

conjures; one who calls, entreats, or charges in a solemn

manner.</def>



<hw>Con"jur*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who practices magic arts; one who pretends to act by the

aid super natural power; also, one who performs feats of

legerdemain or sleight of hand.</def>



<q>Dealing with witches and with <qex>conjurers</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>From the account the loser brings,

The <qex>conjurer</qex> knows who stole the things.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who conjectures shrewdly or judges wisely; a

man of sagacity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Addison.</au>



<hw>Con*ju"ror</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Law)</fld>

<def>One bound by a common cath with others.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Con"ju*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The practice

of magic; enchantment.</def>



<au>Motley.</au>



<hw>Conn</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>See

<er>Con</er>, to direct a ship.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Con*nas"cence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Con*nas"cen*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>nascentia</ets> birth, fr.

<ets>nascens</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>nasci</ets> to be born.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The common birth of two or more at the same

tome; production of two or more together.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is born or produced with

another.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The act of growing together.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Wiseman.</au>



<hw>Con*nas"cent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Born

together; produced at the same time.</def>



<au>Craig.</au>



<hw>Con"nate</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>connatus</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>natus</ets> born,

p.p. of <ets>nasci</ets>. <ets>See</ets> <er>Cognate</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Born with another; being of the same

birth.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Congenital; existing from birth.</def>

\'bd<xex>Connate</xex> notions.\'b8



<au>South.</au>



<q>A difference has been made by some; those diseases or

conditions which are dependent on original conformation being

called <qex>congenital</qex>; while the diseases of affections

that may have supervened during gestation or delivery are called

<qex>connate</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dunglison.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Congenitally united; growing

from one base, or united at their bases; united into one body;

<as>as, <ex>connate</ex> leaves or athers</as>. See

<xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Connate-perfoliate</er>.</def>



<hw>Con"nate-per*fo"li*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Connate or coalescent at the base so as to

produce a broad foliaceous body through the center of which the

stem passes; -- applied to leaves, as the leaves of the

boneset.</def>



<hw>Con*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Connection

by birth; natural union.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Dr. H. More.</au>



<hw>Con*nat"u*ral</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>a. </pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>natural</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Connected by nature; united in nature; inborn;

inherent; natural.</def>



<q>These affections are <qex>connatural</qex> to us.</q>

<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Partaking of the same nature.</def>



<q>And mix with our <qex>connatural</qex> dust.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Con*nat`u*ral"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Participation of the same nature; natural union or

connection.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>A congruity and <qex>connaturality</qex> between them.</q>

<qau>Sir M. Hale.</qau>



<hw>Con*nat"u*ral*ize</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<def>To bring to the same nature as something else; to

adapt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Dr. J. Scott.</au>



<hw>Con*nat"u*ral*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>By the act of

nature; originally; from birth.</def>



<au>Sir M. Hale.</au>



<hw>Con*nat"u*ral*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Participation of

the same nature; natural union.</def>



<au>I. Walton.</au>



<hw>Con*na"ture</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Participation in a common nature or character.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q><qex>Connature</qex> was defined as likeness in kind between

either two changes in consciousness, or two states of

consciousness.</q>

<qau>H. Spencer.</qau>



<hw>Con*nect"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Connected</er>; <pos>p.pr.

& vb.n.</pos> <er>Connecting</er>>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>connectere</ets>, <ets>-nexum</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> +

<ets>nectere</ets> to bind. See <er>Annex</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To join, or fasten together, as by something

intervening; to associate; to combine; to unite or link together;

to establish a bond or relation between.</def>



<q>He fills, he bounds, <qex>connect</qex> and equals all.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<q>A man must the connection of each intermediate idea with those

that it <qex>connects</qex> before he can use it in a

syllogism.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To associate (a person or thing, or one's self)

with another person, thing, business, or affair.</def>



<cs><col>Connecting rod</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a rod or

bar joined to, and connecting, two or more moving parts; esp. a

rod connecting a crank wrist with a beam, crosshead, piston rod,

or piston, as in a steam engine.</cd></cs>



<hw>Con*nect"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To join,

unite, or cohere; to have a close relation; <as>as, one line of

railroad <ex>connects</ex> with another; one argument

<ex>connect</ex> with another.</as></def>



<hw>Con*nect"ed*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a connected

manner.</def>



<hw>Con*nec"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Connexion</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

connecting, or the state of being connected; junction; union;

alliance; relationship.</def>



<q>He [Algazel] denied the possibility of a known

<qex>connection</qex> between cause and effect.</q>

<qau>Whewell.</qau>



<q>The eternal and inserable <qex>connection</qex> between virtue

and hapiness.</q>

<qau>Atterbury.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which connects or joins together; bond;

tie.</def>



<q>Any sort of <qex>connection</qex> which is perceived or

imagined between two or more things.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A relation; esp. a person connected with another

by marriage rather than by blood; -- used in a loose and

indefinite, and sometimes a comprehensive, sense.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The persons or things that are connected;

<as>as, a business <ex>connection</ex>; the Methodist

<ex>connection</ex>.</as></def>



<q>Men elevated by powerful <qex>connection</qex>.</q>

<qau>Motley.</qau>



<q>At the head of a strong parliamentary

<qex>connection</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<q>Whose names, forces, <qex>connections</qex>, and characters

were perfectly known to him.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<cs><col>In this connection</col>, <cd>in connection with this

subject. <note>[A phrase objected to by some

writers.]</note></cd></cs>



<note><hand/ This word was formerly written, as by Milton, with

<xex>x</xex> instead of <xex>t</xex> in the termination,

<xex>connexion</xex>, and the same thing is true of the kindred

words <xex>inflexion</xex>, <xex>reflexion</xex>, and the like.

But the general usage at present is to spell them

<xex>connection</xex>, <xex>inflection</xex>,

<xex>reflection</xex>, etc.</note>



<syn>Syn. -- Union; coherence; continuity; junction; association;

dependence; intercourse; commerce; communication; affinity;

relationship.</syn>



<hw>Con*nect"ive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Connecting, or adapted to connect; involving

connection.</def>



<cs><col>Connection tissue</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <cd>See

<cref>Conjunctive tissue</cref>, under

<er>Conjunctive</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Con*nect"ive</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That which

connects</def>. Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Gram.)</fld>

<def>A word that connect words or sentences; a conjunction or

preposition.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>That part

of an anther which connects its thec\'91, lobes, or cells.</def>



<hw>Con*nect"ive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In connjunction;

jointly.</def>



<hw>Con*nect"or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, connects</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A flexible tube

for connecting the ends of glass tubes in pneumatic

experiments.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A device for holding two

parts of an electrical conductor in contact.</def></def>



<hw>Con"ner</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Cunner</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> A marine European

fish (<spn>Crenilabrus melops</spn>); also, the related American

cunner. See <er>Cunner</er>.</def>



<hw>Con*nex"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>connexus</ets>, p.p. See <er>Connect</er>.]</ety> <def>To

connect.</def>



<au>Sir M. Hale.</au>



<hw>Con*nex"ion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>connexio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>connexion</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Connection. See <er>Connection</er>.</def>



<hw>Con*nex"ive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See

<er>Connective</er>.</def>



<hw>Con"ning tow"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

shotproof pilot house of a war vessel.</def>



<hw>Con*niv"ance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>connivence</ets>, L. <ets>conniventia</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Intentional failure or forbearance to discover a

fault or wrongdoing; voluntary oversight; passive consent or

co<?/peration.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Corrupt or guilty assent to

wrongdoing, not involving actual participation in, but knowledge

of, and failure to prevent or oppose it.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Collusion</er>.</syn>



<hw>Con*nive"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Connived</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos>

<er>Conniving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>connivere</ets> to

shut the eues, connive, fr. <ets>con-</ets> + (perh.) a word akin

to <ets>nicere</ets> to beckon, <ets>nictare</ets> to

wink.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To open and close the eyes rapidly;

to wink.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The artist is to teach them how to nod judiciously, and to

<qex>connive</qex> with either eye.</q>

<qau>Spectator.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To close the eyes upon a fault; to wink (at); to

fail or forbear by intention to discover an act; to permit a

proceeding, as if not aware of it; -- usually followed by

<xex>at</xex>.</def>



<q>To <qex>connive</qex> at what it does not approve.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<q>In many of these, the directors were heartily concurring; in

most of them, they were encouraging, and sometimes commanding; in

all they were <qex>conniving</qex>.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<q>The government thought it expedient, occasionally, to

<qex>connive</qex> at the violation of this rule.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Con*nive"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To shut the eyes to; to

overlook; to pretend not to see.</def> <mark>[R. & Obs.]</mark>

\'bdDivorces were not <xex>connived</xex> only, but with eye open

allowed.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Con*niv"en*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Connivance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Con*niv"ent</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>connivens</ets>, p. pr.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Forbearing

to see; designedly inattentive; <as>as, <ex>connivent</ex>

justice</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Brought close together;

arched inward so that the points meet; converging; in close

contact; <as>as, the <ex>connivent</ex> petals of a flower, wings

of an insect, or folds of membrane in the human system,

etc.</as></def>



<hw>Con*niv"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

connives.</def>



<hw>Con`nois*seur"</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>connaisseur</ets>, formerly <ets>connoisseur</ets>, fr.

<ets>conna\'8ctre</ets> to know, fr. L. <ets>cognoscere</ets> to

become acquainted with; <ets>co-</ets> + <ets>noscere</ets>,

<ets>gnoscere</ets>, to learn to know. See <er>Know</er>, <er>amd

cf</er>. <er>Cognizor</er>.]</ety> <def>One well versed in any

subject; a skillful or knowing person; a critical judge of any

art, particulary of one of the fine arts.</def>



<q>The <qex>connoisseur</qex> is \'bdone who knows,\'b8 as

opposed to the dilettant, who only \'bdthinks he knows.\'b8</q>

<qau>Fairholt.</qau>



<hw>Con`nois*seur"ship</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>State of being a connoisseur.</def>



<hw>Con"no*tate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>con-</ets> + <ets>notatus</ets>, p.p.of <ets>notare</ets> to

mark. Cf. <er>Connote</er>.]</ety> <def>To connote; to suggest or

designate (something) as additional; to include; to imply.</def>



<au>Hammond.</au>



<hw>Con`no*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>connotation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of connoting; a

making known or designating something additional; implication of

something more than is asserted.</def>



<hw>Con*no"ta*tive</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> 

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Implying something additional; illative.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Log.)</fld> <def>Implying an attribute. See

<er>Connote</er>.</def>



<cs><col>Connotative term</col>, <cd>one which denotes a subject

and implies an attribute.</cd></cs>



<au>J. S. Mill.</au>



<hw>Con*no"ta*tive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a connotative

manner; expressing connotation.</def>



<hw>Con*note"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Connoted</er>; <pos>p.pr.

& vb.n.</pos> <er>Connoting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See

<er>Connotate</er>, and <er>Note</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

mark along with; to suggest or indicate as additional; to

designate by implication; to include in the meaning; to

imply.</def>



<q>Good, in the general notion of it, <qex>connotes</qex> also a

certain suitableness of it to some other thing.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>To imply as an

attribute.</def>



<q>The word \'bdwhite\'b8 denotes all white things, as snow,

paper, the foam of the sea, etc., and ipmlies, or as it was

termed by the schoolmen, <qex>connotes</qex>, the attribute

\'bdwhiteness.\'b8</q>

<qau>J. S. Mill.</qau>



<hw>Con*nu"bi*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>connubialis</ets>, fr. <ets>connubium</ets> marriage;

<ets>con-</ets> + <ets>nubere</ets> to veil, to marry. See

<er>Nupital</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to marriage, or

the marriage state; conjugal; nuptial.</def>



<q>Nor Eve the rites

Mysterious of <qex>connubial</qex> love refused.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>Kind, <qex>connubial</qex> tenderness.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<hw>Con*nu`bi*al"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality of being connubial; something characteristics of the

conjugal state; an expression of connubial tenderness.</def>



<q>Some <qex>connubialities</qex> which had begun to pass between

Mr. and Mrs. B.</q>

<qau>Dickens.</qau>



<hw>Con*nu`mer*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>connumeratio</ets>, fr. L. <ets>connumerare</ets>,

<ets>-numeratum</ets>, to number with.]</ety> <def>A reckoning

together.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Porson.</au>



<hw>Con"nu*sance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>See <er>Cognizance</er>.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Con"nu*sant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Law)</fld>

<def>See <er>Cognizant</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Con`nu*sor"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Law)</fld>

<def>See <er>Cognizor</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Con`nu*tri"tious</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Nutritious by force of habit; -- said of certain kinds of

food.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Crabb.</au>



<hw>Con"ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[<?/ 45. Cf.

<er>Canny</er>, <er>Gunning</er>.]</ety> <def>Brave; fine;

canny.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<au>Grose.</au>



<hw>Co"no*dont</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

cone + <?/, <?/, tooth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

peculiar toothlike fossil of many forms, found especially in

carboniferous rocks. Such fossils are supposed by some to be the

teeth of marsipobranch fishes, but they are probably the jaws of

annelids.</def>



<hw>Co"noid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

conical; <?/ cone + <?/ from: cf. F.

<ets>cono\'8bde</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Anything that has

a form resembling that of a cone.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A solid formed

by the revolution of a conic section about its axis; <as>as, a

parabolic <ex>conoid</ex>, elliptic conoid, etc.</as>; -- more

commonly called <altname>paraboloid</altname>,

<altname>ellipsoid</altname>, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A

surface which may be generated by a straight line moving in such

a manner as always to meet a given straight line and a given

curve, and continue parallel to a given plane.</def>



<au>Math. Dict.</au>



<hw>Co"noid</hw><def>, Resembling a cone; conoidal.</def>



<hw>Co*noid"al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>cono\'8bdal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Nearly, but not exactly,

conical.</def>



<au>Lindley.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Co*noid"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Co*noid"ic*al</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to a conoid;

having the form of a conoid.</def>



<hw>Co*nom`i*nee"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

nominated in conjunction with another; a joint nominee.</def>



<au>Kirby.</au>



<hw>Con*quad"rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conquadratus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>conquadrare</ets>.]</ety>

<def>To bring into a square.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Ash.</au>



<hw>Con*quas"sate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conquassatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>conquassare</ets>.]</ety>

<def>To shake; to agitate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Harvey.</au>



-- <wordforms><wf>Con`quas*sa"tion</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>



<hw>Con"quer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Conquered</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos>

<er>Conquering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>conquerre</ets>,

F. <ets>conqu\'82rir</ets>, fr. L. <ets>conquirere</ets>,

<ets>-quisitum</ets>, to seek or search for, to bring together,

LL., to conquer; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>quaerere</ets> to seek.

See <er>Quest</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To gain or acquire by

force; to take possession of by violent means; to gain dominion

over; to subdue by physical means; to reduce; to overcome by

force of arms; to cause to yield; to vanquish.</def> \'bdIf thou

<xex>conquer</xex> Rome.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>If we be <qex>conquer'd</qex>, let men <qex>conquer</qex>

us.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>We <qex>conquered</qex> France, but felt our captive's

charms.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To subdue or overcome by mental or moral power;

to surmount; <as>as, to <ex>conquer</ex> difficulties, temptatin,

etc.</as></def>



<q>By winning words to <qex>conquer</qex> hearts,

And make persuasion do the work of fear.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To gain or obtain, overcoming obstacles in the

way; to win; <as>as, to <ex>conquer</ex> freedom; to

<ex>conquer</ex> a peace.</as></def>



<syn>Syn. -- To subdue; vanquish; overcome; overpower; overthrow;

defeat; rout; discomfit; subjugate; reduce; humble; crush;

surmount; subject; master.</syn> <usage> -- <er>To Conquer</er>,

<er>Vanquish</er>, <er>Subdue</er>, <er>Subjugate</er>,

<er>Overcome</er>. These words agree in the general idea

expressed by <xex>overcome</xex>, -- that of bringing under one's

power by the exertion of force. <xex>Conquer</xex> is wider and

more general than <xex>vanquish</xex>, denoting usually a

succession of conflicts. <xex>Vanquish</xex> is more individual,

and refers usually to a single conflict. Thus, Alexander

<xex>conquered</xex> Asia in a succession of battles, and

<xex>vanquished</xex> Darius in one decisive engagement.

<xex>Subdue</xex> implies a more gradual and continual pressure,

but a surer and more final subjection. We speak of a nation as

<xex>subdued</xex> when its spirit is at last broken, so that no

further resistance is offered. <xex>Subjugate</xex> is to bring

completely under the yoke of bondage. The ancient Gauls were

never finally <xex>subdued</xex> by the Romans until they were

completely <xex>subjugated</xex>. These words, when used

figuratively, have correspondent meanings. We <xex>conquer</xex>

our prejudices or aversions by a succesion of conflicts; but we

sometimes <xex>vanquish</xex> our reluctance to duty by one

decided effort: we endeavor to <xex>subdue</xex> our evil

propensities by watchful and persevering exertions.

<xex>Subjugate</xex> is more commonly taken in its primary

meaning, and when used figuratively has generally a bad sense;

as, his reason was completely <xex>subjugated</xex> to the sway

of his passions.</usage>



<hw>Con"quer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To gain the

victory; to overcome; to prevail.</def>



<q>He went forth <qex>conquering</qex> and to

<qex>conquer</qex>.</q>

<qau>Rev. vi. 2.</qau>



<q>The champions resolved to <qex>conquer</qex> or to die.</q>

<qau>Waller.</qau>



<hw>Con*quer*a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of being conquered or subdued.</def>



<au>South.</au>



-- <wordforms><wf>Con"quer*a*ble*ness</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Con"quer*ess</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A woman who

conquers.</def>



<au>Fairfax.</au>



<hw>Con"quer*or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>conquereor</ets>, fr. <ets>conquerre</ets>,]</ety> <def>One

who conquers.</def>



<cs><col>The Conqueror</col> <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld>. <cd>William

the Norman (1027-1067) who invaded England, defeated Harold in

the battle of Hastings, and was crowned king, in 1066.</cd></cs>



<hw>Con"quest</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>conquest</ets>, <ets>conqueste</ets>, F.

<ets>conqu\'88te</ets>, LL. <ets>conquistum</ets>,

<ets>conquista</ets>, prop. p.p. from L. <ets>conquirere</ets>.

See <er>Conquer</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or process

of conquering, or acquiring by force; the act of overcoming or

subduing opposition by force, whether physical or moral;

subjection; subjugation; victory.</def>



<q><qex>In joys of conquest</qex> he resigns his breath.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<q>Three years sufficed for the <qex>conquest</qex> of the

country.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is conquered; possession gained by

force, physical or moral.</def>



<q>Wherefore rejoice? What <qex>conquest</qex> brings he

home?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Feudal Law)</fld> <def>The acquiring of

property by other means than by inheritance; acquisition.</def>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The act of gaining or regaining by successful

strugle; <as>as, the <ex>conquest</ex> of liberty or

peace</as>.</def>



<cs><col>The Conquest</col> <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld>, <cd><xex>the

subjugation of England by William of Normandy in

1066<xex>.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Victory; triumph; mastery; reduction; subjugation;

subjection.</syn>



<hw>Con`san*guin"e*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of

the same blood; related by birth.</def>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Con*san"guined</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of kin

blood; related.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Con`san*guin"e*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conguineus</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>sanguis</ets>

blood: cf. F. <ets>consanguin</ets>. See

<er>Sanquine</er>.]</ety> <def>Of the same blood; related by

birth; descended from the same parent or ancestor.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Con`san*guin"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>consanguinitas</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>consanguintit<?/</ets>.]</ety> <def>The relation of person

by blood, is distinction from <xex>affinity</xex> or relation by

marriage; blood relationship; <as>as, lineal

<ex>consanguinity</ex>; collateral

<ex>consanguinity</ex>.</as></def>



<q>Invoking aid by the ties of <qex>consanguinity</qex>.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<hw>Con*sar`ci*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>consarcinare</ets>, <ets>-natum</ets>, to patch

together.]</ety> <def>A patching together; patchwork.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Con"science</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>conscience</ets>, fr. L. <ets>conscientia</ets>, fr.

consciens, p.pr. of conscire to know, to be conscious;

<ets>con-</ets> + <ets>scire</ets> to know. See

<er>Science</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Knowledge of one's own

thoughts or actions; consciousness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The sweetest cordial we receive, at last,

Is <qex>conscience</qex> of our virtuous actions past.</q>

<qau>Denham.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The faculty, power, or inward principle which

decides as to the character of one's own actions, purposes, and

affections, warning against and condemning that which is wrong,

and approving and prompting to that which is right; the moral

faculty passing judgment on one's self; the moral sense.</def>



<q>My <qex>conscience</qex> hath a thousand several tongues,

And every tongue brings in a several tale,

And every tale condemns me for a villain.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>As <qex>science</qex> means <qex>knowledge</qex>,

<qex>conscience</qex> etymologically means

<qex>self-knowledge</qex> . . . But the English word implies a

moral standard of action in the mind as well as a consciousness

of our own actions. . . . <qex>Conscience</qex> is the reason,

employed about questions of right and wrong, and accompanied with

the sentiments of approbation and condemnation.</q>

<qau>Whewell.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The estimate or determination of conscience;

conviction or right or duty.</def>



<q><qex>Conscience</qex> supposes the existence of some such

[<it>i.e.</it>, moral] faculty, and properly signifies our

consciousness of having acted agreeably or contrary to its

directions.</q>

<qau>Adam Smith.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Tenderness of feeling; pity.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<cs><col>Conscience clause</col>, <cd>a clause in a general law

exempting persons whose religious scruples forbid compliance

therewith, -- as from taking judicial oaths, rendering military

service, etc.</cd> -- <col>Conscience money</col>, <cd>stolen or

wrongfully acquired money that is voluntarily restored to the

rightful possessor. Such money paid into the United States

treasury by unknown debtors is called the <xex>Conscience

fund<xex>.</cd> -- <col>Court of Conscience</col>, <cd>a court

established for the recovery of small debts, in London and other

trading cities and districts. <mark>[Eng.]</mark></cd>

<au>Blackstone.</au> -- <mcol><col>In conscience</col>, <col>In

all conscience</col></mcol>, <cd>in deference or obedience to

conscience or reason; in reason; reasonably.</cd> \'bdThis is

enough <xex>in conscience</xex>.\'b8 <au>Howell.</au> \'bdHalf a

dozen fools are, <xex>in all conscience</xex>, as many as you

should require.\'b8 <au>Swift.</au> </cd> -- <mcol><col>To make

conscience of</col>, <col>To make a matter of

conscience</col></mcol>, <cd>to act according to the dictates of

conscience concerning (any matter), or to scruple to act contrary

to its dictates.</cd></cs>



<hw>Con"scienced</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a

conscience.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

\'bdSoft-<qex>conscienced</qex> men.\'b8 <au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Con"science*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without conscience;

indifferent to conscience; unscrupulous.</def>



<q><qex>Conscienceless</qex> and wicked patrons.</q>

<qau>Hookre.</qau>



<hw>Con"scient</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>consciens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p.pr.]</ety>

<def>Conscious.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Con`sci*en"tious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>consciencieux</ets>, LL.

<ets>conscientiosus</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Influenced by

conscience; governed by a strict regard to the dictates of

conscience, or by the known or supposed rules of right and wrong;

-- said of a person.</def>



<q>The advice of wise and <qex>conscientious</qex> men.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<-- p. 306 -->



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Characterized by a regard to conscience;

conformed to the dictates of conscience; -- said of

actions.</def>



<q>A holy and <qex>conscientious</qex> course.</q>

<qau>Abp. Tillotson.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Scrupulous; exact; faithful; just; upright.</syn>



<hw>Con`sci*en"tious*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>In a conscientious manner; as a matter of conscience; hence;

faithfully; accurately; completely.</def>



<hw>Con`sci*en"tious*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of

being conscientious; a scrupulous regard to the dictates of

conscience.</def>



<hw>Con"scion*a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Irregularly formed fr. <ets>conscience</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Governed by, or according to, conscience; reasonable;

just.</def>



<q>Let my debtors have <qex>conscionable</qex> satisfaction.</q>

<qau>Sir H. Wotton.</qau>



<hw>Con"scion*a*ble*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of

being conscionable; reasonableness.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Con"scion*a*bly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Reasonably;

justly.</def>



<hw>Con"scious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conscius</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>scire</ets> to know.

See <er>Conscience</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Possessing the

faculty of knowing one's own thoughts or mental operations.</def>



<q>Some are thinking or <qex>conscious</qex> beings, or have a

power of thought.</q>

<qau>I. Watts.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Possessing knowledge, whether by internal,

conscious experience or by external observation; cognizant;

aware; sensible.</def>



<q>Her <qex>conscious</qex> heart imputed suspicion where none

could have been felt.</q>

<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>



<q>The man who breathes most healthilly is least

<qex>conscious</qex> of his own breathing.</q>

<qau>De Quincey.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Made the object of consciousness; known to one's

self; <as>as, <ex>conscious</ex> guilt</as>.</def>



<q>With <qex>conscious</qex> terrors vex me round.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Aware; apprised; sensible; felt; known.</syn>



<hw>Con"scious*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a conscious

manner; with knowledge of one's own mental operations or

actions.</def>



<hw>Con"scious*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The state of being conscious; knowledge of one's own

existence, condition, sensations, mental operations, acts,

etc.</def>



<q><qex>Consciousness</qex> is thus, on the one hand, the

recognition by the mind or \'bdego\'b8 of its acts and

affections; -- in other words, the self-affirmation that certain

modifications are known by me, and that these modifications are

mine.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Immediate knowledge or perception of the

presence of any object, state, or sensation. See the Note under

<er>Attention</er>.</def>



<q>Annihilate the <qex>consciousness</qex> of the object, you

annihilate the <qex>consciousness</qex> of the operation.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>



<q>And, when the steam

Which overflowed the soul had passed away,

A <qex>consciousness</qex> remained that it had left.

 . . . images and precious thoughts

That shall not die, and can not be destroyed.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<q>The <qex>consciousness</qex> of wrong brought with it the

<qex>consciousness</qex> of weakness.</q>

<qau>Froude.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Feeling, persuasion, or expectation; esp.,

inward sense of guilt or innocence.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>An honest mind is not in the power of a dishonest: to break

its peace there must be some guilt or

<qex>consciousness</qex>.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<hw>Con*scribe"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conscribere</ets>. See <er>Conscript</er>.]</ety> <def>To

enroll; to enlist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>E. Hall.</au>



<hw>Con"script</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conscriptus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>conscribere</ets> to write

together, to enroll; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>scribere</ets> to

write. See <er>Scribe</er>.]</ety> <def>Enrolled; written;

registered.</def>



<cs><col>Conscript fathers</col> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld>,

<cd>the senators of ancient Rome. When certain new senators were

first enrolled with the \'bdfathers\'b8 the body was called

<xex>Patres et Conscripti<xex>; afterward all were called

<xex>Patres conscripti<xex>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Con"script</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One taken by lot, or

compulsorily enrolled, to serve as a soldier or sailor.</def>



<hw>Con*script"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

enroll, by compulsion, for military service.</def>



<hw>Con*scrip"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conscriptio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>conscription</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>An enrolling or registering.</def>



<q>The <qex>conscription</qex> of men of war.</q>

<qau>Bp. Burnet.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A compulsory enrollment of men for military or

naval service; a draft.</def>



<hw>Con*scrip"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Belonging to, or of the nature of, a conspiration.</def>



<hw>Con"se*crate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>consceratus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>conscerare</ets> to

conscerate; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>sacrare</ets> to consecrate,

<ets>sacer</ets> sacred. See <er>Sacred</er>.]</ety>

<def>Consecrated; devoted; dedicated; sacred.</def>



<q>They were assembled in that <qex>consecrate</qex> place.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<hw>Con"se*crate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Consecrated</er>;

<pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos> <er>Consecrating</er>.]</wordforms>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To make, or declare to be, sacred; to

appropriate to sacred uses; to set apart, dedicate, or devote, to

the service or worship of God; <as>as, to <ex>consecrate</ex> a

church; to give (one's self) unreservedly, as to the service of

God.</as></def>



<q>One day in the week is . . . <qex>consecrated</qex> to a holy

rest.</q>

<qau>Sharp.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To set apart to a sacred office; <as>as, to

<ex>consecrate</ex> a bishop</as>.</def>



<q>Thou shalt <qex>consecrate</qex> Aaron and his sons.</q>

<qau>Ex. xxix. 9.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To canonize; to exalt to the rank of a saint; to

enroll among the gods, as a Roman emperor.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To render venerable or revered; to hallow; to

dignify; <as>as, rules or principles <ex>consecrated</ex> by

time</as>.</def>



<au>Burke.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Addict</er>.</syn>



<hw>Con"se*cra`ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Consecrator.</def>



<hw>Con`se*cra"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>consecratio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>cons\'82cration</ets>.]</ety>

<def>The act or ceremony of consecrating; the state of being

consecrated; dedication.</def>



<q>Until the days of your <qex>consecration</qex> be at an

end.</q>

<qau>Lev. viii. 33.</qau>



<q><qex>Consecration</qex> makes not a place sacred, but only

solemny declares it so.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<hw>Con"se*cra`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who consecrates; one who performs the

rites by which a person or thing is devoted or dedicated to

sacred purposes.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>consecrater</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Con"se*cra*to*ry</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> 

<def>Of or pertaining to the act of consecration;

dedicatory.</def>



<q>The <qex>consecratory</qex> prayer.</q>

<qau>Bp. Burnet.</qau>



<hw>Con`sec*ta"ne*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>consectaneus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Following as a matter of

course.</def>



<qau>Blount.</qau>



<hw>Con"sec*ta*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>consectarius</ets>, fr. <ets>consectari</ets> to follow

after eagerly; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>sectari</ets> to follow

eagerly, fr. <ets>sequi</ets> to follow.]</ety> <def>Following by

consequence; consequent; deducible.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

\'bd<xex>Consectary</xex> impieties.\'b8



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Con"sec*ta*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That which follows by

consequence or is logically deducible; deduction from premises;

corollary.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Con"se*cute</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

follow closely; to endeavor to overtake; to pursue.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Burnet.</au>



<hw>Con`se*cu"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>consecutio</ets>. See <er>Consequent</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A following, or sequel; actual or logical

dependence.</def>



<au>Sir M. Hale.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A succession or series of any kind.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir I. Newton.</au>



<cs><col>Month of consecution</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>a

month as reckoned from one conjunction of the moon with the sun

to another.</cd></cs>



<hw>Con*sec"u*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>cons\'82cutif</ets>. See <er>Consequent</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Following in a train; suceeding one another in a

regular order; successive; uninterrupted in course or succession;

with no interval or break; <as>as, fifty <ex>consecutive</ex>

years</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Following as a consequence or result; actually

or logically dependent; consequential; succeeding.</def>



<q>The actions of a man <qex>consecutive</qex> to volition.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Having similarity of sequence;

-- said of certain parallel progressions of two parts in a piece

of harmony; <as>as, <ex>consecutive</ex> fifths, or

<ex>consecutive</ex> octaves, which are forbidden</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Consecutive chords</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>chords

of the same kind suceeding one another without

interruption.</cd></cs>



<hw>Con*sec"u*tive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a consecutive

manner; by way of sequence; successively.</def>



<hw>Con*sec"u*tive*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or

quality of being consecutive.</def>



<hw>Con*sen"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>consensio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Agreement; accord.</def>



<au>Bentley.</au>



<hw>Con*sen"su*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Consent</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>, and cf.

<er>Sensual</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld>

<def>Existing, or made, by the mutual consent of two or more

parties.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Excited or caused by

sensation, sympathy, or reflex action, and not by conscious

volition; <as>as, <ex>consensual</ex> motions</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Consensual contract</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a

contract formed merely by consent, as a marriage

contract.</cd></cs>



<hw>Con*sen"sus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. See

<er>Consent</er>.]</ety> <def>Agreement; accord; consent.</def>



<q>That traditional <qex>consensus</qex> of society which we call

public opinion.</q>

<qau>Tylor.</qau>



<hw>Con*sent"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Consented</er>; <pos>p.pr.

& vb.n</pos> <er>Consenting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.

<ets>consentir</ets>, fr. L. <ets>consentire</ets>,

<ets>-sensum</ets>, to feel together, agree; <ets>con-</ets> +

<ets>sentire</ets> to feel. See Sense.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

agree in opinion or sentiment; to be of the same mind; to accord;

to concur.</def>



<q>And Saul was <qex>consenting</qex> unto his death.</q>

<qau>Acts. viii. 1.</qau>



<q>Flourishing many years before Wyclif, and much

<qex>consenting</qex> with him in jugdment.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To indicate or express a willingness; to yield

to guidance, persuasion, or necessity; to give assent or

approval; to comply.</def>



<q>My poverty, but not my will, <qex>consents</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>And whispering \'bdI will ne'er consent,\'b8 --

<qex>consented</qex>.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To accede; yield; assent; comply; agree; allow;

concede; permit; admit; concur; acquiesce.</syn>



<hw>Con*sent"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To grant; to allow; to

assent to; to admit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Interpreters . . . will not <qex>consent</qex> it to be a true

story.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Con*sent"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>consent</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Agreement in opinion

or sentiment; the being of one mind; accord.</def>



<q>All with one <qex>consent</qex> began to make exuse.</q>

<qau>Luke xiv. 18.</qau>



<q>They feil together all, as by <qex>consent</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Correspondence in parts, qualities, or

operations; agreement; harmony; coherence.</def>



<q>The melodious <qex>consent</qex> of the birds.</q>

<qau>Holland.</qau>



<q>Such is the world's great harmony that springs

From union, order, full <qex>consent</qex> of things.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Voluntary accordance with, or concurrence in,

what is done or proposed by another; acquiescence; compliance;

approval; permission.</def>



<q>Thou wert possessed of David's throne

By free <qex>consent</qex> of all.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Capable, deliberate, and

voluntary assent or agreement to, or concurrence in, some act or

purpose, implying physical and mental power and free

action.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Sympathy. See

<er>Sympathy</er>, 4.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Assent; acquiescence; concurrence; agreement;

approval; permission. See <er>Assent</er>.</syn>



<cs><col>Age of consent</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an age, fixed

by statute and varying in different jurisdictions, at which one

is competent to give consent. Sexual intercourse with a female

child under the age of consent is punishable as rape.</cd></cs>



<hw>Con*sen`ta*ne"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Mutual agreement.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Con`sen*ta"ne*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>consentaneus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Consistent; agreeable;

suitable; accordant to; harmonious; concurrent.</def>



<q>A good law and <qex>consentaneous</qex> to reason.</q>

<qau>Howell.</qau>



-- <wordforms><wf>Con`sen*ta"ne*ous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Con`sen*ta"ne*ous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Con*sent"ant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F., p.

pr. of <ets>consentir</ets>.]</ety> <def>Consenting.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Con*sent"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>One who

consents.</def>



<hw>Con*sen"tient</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>consentients</ets>, p. pr. See <er>Consent</er>.]</ety>

<def>Agreeing in mind; accordant.</def>



<q>The <qex>consentient</qex> judgment of the church.</q>

<qau>Bp. Pearson.</qau>



<hw>Con*sent"ing*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With

consent; in a compliant manner.</def>



<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<hw>Con"se*quence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

<ets>consequentia</ets>: cf. F. <ets>cons\'82quence</ets>. See

<er>Consequent</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which follows

something on which it depends; that which is produced by a cause;

a result.</def>



<q>Shun to taste,

And shun the bitter <qex>consequence</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>A proposition collected from

the agreement of other previous propositions; any conclusion

which results from reason or argument; inference.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Chain of causes and effects; consecution.</def>



<q>Such fatal <qex>consequence</qex> unites us three.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>Link follows link by necessary <qex>consequence</qex>.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Importance with respect to what comes after;

power to influence or produce an effect; value; moment; rank;

distinction.</def>



<q>It is a matter of small <qex>consequence</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>A sense of your own worth and <qex>consequence</qex>.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<cs><col>In consequence</col>, <cd>hence; for this cause.</cd> --

<col>In consequence of</col>, <cd>by reason of; as the effect

of.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Effect; result; end. See <er>Effect</er>.</syn>



<hw>Con"se*quen`cing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Drawing inference.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Con"se*quent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>consequens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of

<ets>consequi</ets> to follow; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>sequi to

follow</ets>: <ets>cf</ets>. <ets>F</ets>.

<ets>cons\'82quent</ets>. See <er>Second</er>, and cf.

<er>Consecution</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Following as a

result, inference, or natural effect.</def>



<q>The right was <qex>consequent</qex> to, and built on, an act

perfectly personal.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>Following by necessary

inference or rational deduction; <as>as, a proposition

<ex>consequent</ex> to other propositions</as>.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Consequent points</col>, <col>Consequent

poles</col></mcol> <fld>(Magnetism)</fld>, <cd>a number of poles

distributed under certain conditions, along the axis of a

magnetized steel bar, which regularly has but the two poles at

the extremities.</cd></cs>



<hw>Con"se*quent</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which

follows, or results from, a cause; a result or natural

effect.</def>



<q>They were ill-governed, which is always a

<qex>consequent</qex> of ill payment.</q>

<qau>Sir J. Davies.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>That which follows from

propositions by rational deduction; that which is deduced from

reasoning or argumentation; a conclusion, or inference.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The second term of a ratio,

as the term <xex>b</xex> in the ratio <mathex>a:b</mathex>, the

first <xex>a</xex>, being the <xex>antecedent</xex>.</def>



<hw>Con`se*quen"tial</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Following as a consequence, result, or logical inference;

consequenment.</def>



<q>All that is revealed in Scripture has a

<qex>consequential</qex> necessity of being believed . . .

because it is of divine authority.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<q>These kind of arguments . . . are highly

<qex>consequential</qex> and concludent to my purpose.</q>

<qau>Sir M. Hale.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Assuming or exhibiting an air of consequence;

pretending to importance; pompous; self-important; <as>as, a

<ex>consequential</ex> man</as>. See <er>Consequence</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, 4.</def>



<q>His stately and <qex>consequential</qex> pace.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<cs><col>Consequential damage</col> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<cd>Damage so remote as not to be actionable</cd> <sd>(b)</sd>

<cd>Damage which although remote is actionable.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd>

<cd>Actionable damage, but not following as an immediate result

of an act.</cd></cs>



<hw>Con`se*quen"tial*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>With just deduction of consequence; with right connection of

ideas; logically.</def>



<q>The faculty of writing <qex>consequentially</qex>.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>By remote consequence; not immediately;

eventually; <as>as, to do a thing

<ex>consequentially</ex></as>.</def>



<au>South.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>In a regular series; in the order of cause and

effect; with logical concatenation; consecutively;

continuously.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>With assumed importance; pompously.</def>



<hw>Con`se*quen"tial*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of

being consequential.</def>



<hw>Con"se*quent*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>By

consequence; by natural or logical sequence or connection.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Accordingly</er>.</syn>



<hw>Con*ser"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>consertio</ets>, fr. <ets>conserere</ets>,

<ets>-sertum</ets> to connect; <ets>con-</ets> +

<ets>serere</ets> to join.]</ety> <def>Junction; adaptation</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q><qex>Consertion</qex> of design, how exquisite.</q>

<qau>Young.</qau>



<hw>Con*serv"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conservabilitis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being

preserved from decay or injury.</def>



<hw>Con*serv"an*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Conservation, as from injury, defilement, or irregular

use.</def>



<q>[An act was] passed in 1866, for vesting in the Conservators

of the River Thames the <qex>conservancy</qex> of the Thames and

Isis.</q>

<qau>Mozley & W.</qau>



<hw>Con*serv"ant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conservans</ets>, p.pr.]</ety> <def>Having the power or

quality of conservation.</def>



<hw>Con`ser*va"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conservatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>conservation</ets>.]</ety>

<def>The act of preserving, guarding, or protecting; the keeping

(of a thing) in a safe or entire state; preservation.</def>



<q>A step necessary for the <qex>conservation</qex> of

Protestantism.</q>

<qau>Hallam.</qau>



<q>A state without the means of some change is without the means

of its <qex>conservation</qex>.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<cs><col>Conservation of areas</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>,

<cd>the principle that the radius vector drawn from a planet to

the sun sweeps over equal areas in equal times.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Conservation of energy</col>, <or/ <col>Conservation

of force</col></mcol> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>the principle that

the total energy of any material system is a quantity which can

neither be increased nor diminished by any action between the

parts of the system, though it may be transformed into any of the

forms of which energy is susceptible.</cd></cs>



<au>Clerk Maxwell.</au>



<hw>Con`ser*va"tion*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Tending to conserve; preservative.</def>



<hw>Con*serv"a*tism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[For

<ets>conservatism</ets>.]</ety> <def>The disposition and tendency

to preserve what is established; opposition to change; the habit

of mind; or conduct, of a conservative.</def>



<hw>Con*serv"a*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>conservatif</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having power to

preserve in a safe of entire state, or from loss, waste, or

injury; preservative.</def>



<-- p. 307 -->



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Tending or disposed to maintain existing

institutions; opposed to change or innovation.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to a political party which

favors the conservation of existing institutions and forms of

government as the <xex>Conservative</xex> party in england; --

contradistinguished from <xex>Liberal</xex> and

<xex>Radical</xex>.</def>



<q>We have always been conscientuously attached to what is called

the Tory, and which might with more propierty be called the

<qex>Conservative</qex>, party.</q>

<qau>Quart. Rev. (1830).</qau>



<cs><col>Conservative system</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a

material sustem of such a nature that after the system has

undergone any series of changes, and been brought back in any

manner to its original state, the whole work done by external

agents on the system is equal to the whole work done by the

system overcoming external forces.</cd></cs>



<qau>Clerk Maxwell.</qau>



<hw>Con*serv"a*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who, or that which, preserves from ruin, injury,

innovation, or radical change; a preserver; a conserver.</def>



<q>The Holy Spirit is the great <qex>conservative</qex> of the

new life.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who desires to maintain existing

institutions and customs; also, one who holds moderate opinions

in politics; -- opposed to <xex>revolutionary</xex> or

<xex>radical</xex>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld> <def>A member of the

Conservative party.</def>



<hw>Con*serv"a*tive*ness</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>The quality of

being conservative.</def>



<hw>\'d8Con`ser"va*toire`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A public place of instruction in any special

branch, esp. music and the arts. [See <er>Conservatory</er>,

3].</def>



<hw>Con"ser*va`tor</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.: cf. F. <ets>conservateur</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who preserves from injury or violation; a protector; a

preserver.</def>



<q>The great Creator and <qex>Conservator</qex> of the world.</q>

<qau>Derham.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An officer who has

charge of preserving the public peace, as a justice or

sheriff.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One who has an official charge

of preserving the rights and privileges of a city, corporation,

community, or estate.</def>



<q>The lords of the secret council were likewise made

<qex>conservators</qex> of the peace of the two kingdoms.</q>

<qau>Clarendon.</qau>



<q>The <qex>conservator</qex> of the estate of an idiot.</q>

<qau>Bouvier.</qau>



<cs><col>Conservators of the River Thames</col>, <cd>a board of

comissioners instituted by Parliament to have the conservancy of

the Thames.</cd></cs>



<hw>Con*serv"a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>conservatoire</ets>, LL.

<ets>conservatorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the quality of

preserving from loss, decay, or injury.</def>



<hw>Con*serv"a*to*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>conservatoire</ets>, LL. <ets>conservatorium</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>That which preserves from injury.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdA <xex>conservatory</xex> of life.\'b8



<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A place for preserving anything from loss,

decay, waste, or injury; particulary, a greenhouse for preserving

exotic or tender plants.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A public place of instruction, designed to

preserve and perfect the knowledge of some branch of science or

art, esp. music.</def>



<hw>Con`ser*va"trix</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A woman who preserves from loss, injury,

etc.</def>



<hw>Con*serve"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Conserved</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos>

<er>Conserving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>conserver</ets>,

L. <ets>conservare</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>servare</ets> to

keep, guard. See <er>Serve</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To keep

in a safe or sound state; to save; to preserve; to protect.</def>



<q>The amity which . . . they meant to <qex>conserve</qex> and

maintain with the emperor.</q>

<qau>Strype.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To prepare with sugar, etc., for the purpose of

preservation, as fruits, etc.; to make a conserve of.</def>



<hw>Con"serve</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>conserve</ets>, fr. <ets>conserver</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Anything which is conserved; especially, a sweetmeat

prepared with sugar; a confection.</def>



<q>I shall . . . study broths, plasters, and

<qex>conserves</qex>, till from a fine lady I become a notable

woman.</q>

<qau>Tatler.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A medicinal confection made of

freshly gathered vegetable substances mixed with finely powdered

refined sugar. See <er>Confection</er>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A conservatory.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Evelyn.</au>



<hw>Con*serv"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

conserves.</def>



<hw>Con*sid"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Considered</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos>

<er>Considering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.

<ets>consid\'82rer</ets>, L. <ets>considerare</ets>,

<ets>-sideratum</ets>, to consider, view attentively, prob. fr.

<ets>con-</ets> + <ets>sidus</ets>, <ets>sideris</ets>, star,

constellation; orig., therefore, to look at the stars. See

<er>Sidereal</er>, and cf. <er>Desire</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To fix the mind on, with a view to a careful examination; to

thank on with care; to ponder; to study; to meditate on.</def>



<q>I will <qex>consider</qex> thy testimonies.</q>

<qau>Ps. cxix. 95.</qau>



<q>Thenceforth to speculations high or deep

I turned my thoughts, and with capacious mind

<qex>Considered</qex> all things visible.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To look at attentively; to observe; to

examine.</def>



<q>She <qex>considereth</qex> a field, and buyeth it.</q>

<qau>Prov. xxxi. 16.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To have regard to; to take into view or account;

to pay due attention to; to respect.</def>



<q><qex>Consider</qex>, sir, the chance of war: the day

Was yours by accident.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>England could grow into a posture of being more united at

home, and more <qex>considered</qex> abroad.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Temple.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To estamate; to think; to regard; to view.</def>



<q><qex>Considered</qex> as plays, his works are absurd.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<note><hand/ The proper sense of <xex>consider</xex> is often

blended with an idea of the result of <xex>considering</xex>; as,

\'bdBlessed is he that <xex>considereth</xex> the

poor.\'b8</note> <au>Ps. xli. 1. ;</au> <it>i.e.</it>,

<xex>considers</xex> with sympathy and pity. \'bdWhich [services]

if I have not enough <xex>considered</xex>.\'b8 <au>Shak. ;</au>



<it>i.e.</it>, requited as the sufficient <xex>considering</xex>

of them would suggest. \'bd<xex>Consider</xex> him liberally.\'b8



<au>J. Hooker.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- To ponder; weigh; revolve; study; reflect or

meditate on; contemplate; examine. See <er>Ponder</er>.</syn>



<hw>Con*sid"er</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To think

seriously; to make examination; to reflect; to deliberate.</def>



<q>We will <qex>consider</qex> of your suit.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>'T were to <qex>consider</qex> too curiously, to

<qex>consider</qex> so.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>She wished she had taken a moment to <qex>consider</qex>,

before rushing down stairs.</q>

<qau>W. Black</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To hesitate.</def> <mark>[Poetic & R.]</mark>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Con*sid"er*a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>consid\'82rable</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Worthy of

consideration, borne in mind, or attended to.</def>



<q>It is <qex>considerable</qex>, that some urns have had

inscriptions on them expressing that the lamps were burning.</q>

<qau>Bp. Wilkins.</qau>



<q>Eternity is infinitely the most <qex>considerable</qex>

duration.</q>

<qau>Tillotson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of some distinction; noteworthy; influential;

respectable; -- said of persons.</def>



<q>You are, indeed, a very <qex>considerable</qex> man.</q>

<qau>Junius.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Of importance or value.</def>



<q>In painting, not every action, nor every person, is

<qex>considerable</qex> enough to enter into the cloth.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>A <qex>considerable</qex> sum of money.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<hw>Con*sid"er*a*ble*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Worthiness of

consideration; dignity; value; size; amount.</def>



<hw>Con*sid"er*a*bly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a manner or to

a degree not trifling or unimportant; greatly; much.</def>



<q>The breeds . . . differ <qex>considerably</qex> from each

other.</q>

<qau>Darwin.</qau>



<hw>Con*sid"er*ance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>considerantia</ets>.]</ety> <def>Act of considering;

consideration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Con*sid"er*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>consideratus</ets>, p.p.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Given to

consideration or to sober reflection; regardful of consequences

or circumstances; circumspect; careful; esp. careful of the

rights, claims, and feelings of other.</def>



<q>Of dauntless courage and <qex>considerate</qex> pride.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q><?/neas is patient, <qex>considerate</qex>, and careful of his

people.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>The wisest and most <qex>considerate</qex> men in the

world.</q>

<qau>Sharp.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having respect to; regardful.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>They may be . . . more <qex>considerate</qex> of praise.</q>

<qau>Dr. H. More.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Thoughtful; reflective; careful; discreet; prudent;

deliberate; serious. See <er>Thoughtful</er>.</syn>



-- <wordforms><wf>Con*sid"er*ate*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Con*sid"er*ate*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Con*sid`er*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>consideratio</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>consid<?/ration</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or

process of considering; continuous careful thought; examination;

contemplation; deliberation; attention.</def>



<q>Let us think with <qex>consideration</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau>



<q><qex>Consideration</qex>, like an angel, came.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Attentive respect; appreciative regard; -- used

especially in diplomatic or stately correspondence.</def>



<q>The undersigned has the honor to repeat to Mr. Hulseman the

assurance of his high <qex>consideration</qex>.</q>

<qau>D. Webster.</qau>



<q>The <qex>consideration</qex> with which he was treated.</q>

<qau>Whewell.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Thoughtful or sympathetic regard or

notice.</def>



<q><qex>Consideration</qex> for the poor is a doctrine of the

church.</q>

<qau>Newman.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Claim to notice or regard; some degree of

importance or consequence.</def>



<q>Lucan is the only author of <qex>consideration</qex> among the

Latin poets who was not explained for . . . the Dauphin.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The result of delibration, or of attention and

examonation; matured opinion; a reflection; <as>as,

<ex>considerations</ex> on the choice of a profession</as>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>That which is, or should be, taken into account

as a ground of opinion or action; motive; reason.</def>



<q>He was obliged, antecedent to all other

<qex>considerations</qex>, to search an asylum.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>Some <qex>considerations</qex> which are necessary to the

forming of a correct judgment.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The cause which moves a

contracting party to enter into an agreement; the material cause

of a contract; the price of a stripulation; compensation;

equivalent.</def>



<au>Bouvier.</au>



<note><hand/ <xex>Consideration</xex> is what is done, or

promised to be done, in exchange for a promise, and \'bdas a mere

advantage to the promisor without detriment to the promisee would

not avail, the proper test is detriment to the

promisee.\'b8</note>



<au>Wharton.</au>



<hw>Con*sid"er*a*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Considerate; careful; thoughtful.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>I love to be <qex>considerative</qex>.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<hw>Con*sid"er*a`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

who considers.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Con*sid"er*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

considers; a man of reflection; a thinker.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Con*sid"er*ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With

consideration or deliberation.</def>



<hw>Con*sign"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Consigned</er> 3;

<pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos> <er>Consigning</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[F. <ets>consigner</ets>, L. <ets>consignare</ets>,

<ets>-signatu</ets>,, to seal or sign; <ets>con-</ets> +

<ets>signare</ets>, fr. <ets>signum</ets> mark. See

<er>Sign</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To give, transfer, or

deliver, in a formal manner, as if by signing over into the

possession of another, or into a different state, with the sense

of fixedness in that state, or permanence of possession; <as>as,

to <ex>consign</ex> the body to the grave</as>.</def>



<q>At the day of general account, good men are to be

<qex>consigned</qex> over to another state.</q>

<qau>Atterbury.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To give in charge; to commit; to intrust.</def>



<q>Atrides, parting for the Trojan war,

<qex>Consigned</qex> the youthful consort to his care.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<q>The four evangelists <qex>consigned</qex> to writing that

history.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>To send or address (by bill of

lading or otherwise) to an agent or correspondent in another

place, to be cared for or sold, or for the use of such

correspondent; <as>as, to <ex>cosign</ex> a cargo or a ship</as>;

to set apart.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To assign; to devote; to set apart.</def>



<q>The French commander <qex>consigned</qex> it to the use for

which it was intended by the donor.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To stamp or impress; to affect.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q><qex>Consign</qex> my spirit with great fear.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To commit; deliver; intrust; resign. See

<er>Commit</er>.</syn>



<hw>Con*sign"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To submit; to surrender or yield one's self.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>All lovers young, all lovers must

<qex>Consign</qex> to thee, and come to dust.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To yield consent; to agree; to acquiesce.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Augment or alter . . . 

And we'll <qex>consign</qex> thereto.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Con*sig"na*ta*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Consignitary</er>.]</ety> <def>A consignee.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Jenkins.</au>



<hw>Con`sig*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>consignatio</ets> written proof, document: cf. F.

<ets>consignation</ets> comsignation.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

act of consigning; the act of delivering or committing to another

person, place, or state.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>So is despair a certain <qex>consignation</qex> to eternal

ruin.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of ratifying or establishing, as if

signing; confirmation; ratuficator.</def>



<q>A direct <qex>consignation</qex> of pardon.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A stamp; an indication; a sign.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The most certain <qex>consignations</qex> of an excellent

virtue.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<hw>Con*sig"na*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Consignitary</er>.]</ety> <def>One of several that jointly

sign a written instrument, as a treaty.</def>



<au>Fallows.</au>



<hw>Con*sig"na*ture</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>; 135), <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Joint signature.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Colgrave.</au>



<hw>\'d8Con"signe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A

countersign; a watchword.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One who is

orders to keep within certain limits.</def>



<hw>Con`sign*ee"</hw> <pr>(?;  277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>consign<?/</ets>, p.p. of <ets>consigner</ets>.]</ety>

<def>The person to whom goods or other things are consigned; a

factor; -- correlative to <xex>consignor</xex>.</def>



<q>Consigner and <qex>consignee</qex> are used by merchants to

express generally the shipper of merchandise, and the person to

whom it is addressed, by bill of lading or otherwise.</q>

<qau>De Colange.</qau>



<hw>Con*sign"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

consigns. See <er>Consignor</er>.</def>



<hw>Con`sig*nif"i*cant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Having joint or equal signification; synonymous.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Spelman.</au>



<hw>Con*sig`ni*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Joint signification.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Con`sig*nif"i*ca*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Consignificant; jointly significate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Con*sig"ni*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>con-</ets> + <ets>sognify</ets>.]</ety> <def>To signify or

denote in combination with something else.</def>



<q>The cipher . . . only serves to connote and

<qex>consignify</qex>, and to change the value or the

figures.</q>

<qau>Horne Tooke.</qau>



<hw>Con*sign"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of consigning; consignation.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>The act of consigning or

sending property to an agent or correspondent in another place,

as for care, sale, etc.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>That which is consigned; the

goods or commodities sent or addressed to a consignee at one time

or by one conveyance.</def>



<q>To increase your <qex>consignments</qex> of this valuable

branch of national commerce.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The writing by which anything is

consigned.</def>



<hw>Con*sign"or</hw> <pr>(? <or/ <?/; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>One who consigns something to another; -- opposed to

<xex>consignee</xex>. <altsp>[Written also

<asp>consigner</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Con*sil"i*ence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>con-</ets> + <ets>salire</ets> to leap.]</ety>

<def>Act of concurring; coincidence; concurrence.</def>



<q>The <qex>consilience</qex> of inductions takes place when one

class of facts coincides with an induction obtained from another

different class.</q>

<qau>Whewell.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Con`si*mil"i*tude</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Con`si*mil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>consimilitude</ets>. See

<er>Similitude</er>.]</ety> <def>Common resemblance.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Aubrey.</au>



<hw>Con*sist"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Consisted</er>; <pos>p.pr.

& vb.n.</pos> <er>Consisting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>consistere</ets> to stand still or firm; <ets>con-</ets> +

<ets>sistere</ets> to stand, cause to stand, <ets>stare</ets> to

stand: cf. F. <ets>consister</ets>. See <er>Stand</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To stand firm; to be in a fixed or permanent

state, as a body composed of parts in union or connection; to

hold together; to be; to exist; to subsist; to be supported and

maintained.</def>



<q>He is before all things, and by him all things

<qex>consist</qex>.</q>

<qau>Col. i. 17.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be composed or made up; -- followed by

<xex>of</xex>.</def>



<q>The land would <qex>consist</qex> of plains and valleys.</q>

<qau>T. Burnet.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To have as its substance or character, or as its

foundation; to be; -- followed by <xex>in</xex>.</def>



<q>If their purgation did <qex>consist</qex> in words.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>A man's life <qex>consisteth not in the abudance of the things

which he possesseth</qex>.</q>

<qau>Luke xii. 15.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To be cosistent or harmonious; to be in

accordance; -- formerly used absolutely, now followed by

<xex>with</xex>.</def>



<q>This was a <qex>consisting</qex> story.</q>

<qau>Bp. Burnet.</qau>



<q>Health <qex>consists</qex> with temperance alone.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<q>For orders and degrees

Jar not with liberty, but well <qex>consist</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To insist; -- followed by <xex>on</xex>.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>To Consist</er>, <er>Consist of</er>,

<er>Consist in</er>.</syn> <usage> The verb <xex>consist</xex> is

employed chiefly for two purposes, which are marked and

distinguished by the prepositions used. When we wish to indicate

the parts which unite to compose a thing, we use <xex>of</xex>;

as when we say, \'bdMacaulay's Miscellanies consist chiefly

<xex>of</xex> articles which were first published in the

Edinburgh Review.\'b8 When we wish to indicate the true nature of

a thing, or that on which it depends, we use <xex>in</xex>; as,

\'bdThere are some artists whose skill consists <xex>in</xex> a

certain manner which they have affected.\'b8 \'bdOur safety

consists <xex>in</xex> a strict adherence to duty.\'b8</usage>



<mhw>{ <hw>Con*sist"ence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Con*sist"en*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>consistance</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

condition of standing or adhering together, or being fixed in

union, as the parts of a body; existence; firmness; coherence;

solidity.</def>



<q>Water, being divided, maketh many circles, till it restore

itself to the natural <qex>consistence</qex>.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<q>We are as water, weak, and of no <qex>consistence</qex>.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<q>The same form, substance, and <qex>consistency</qex>.</q>

<qau>T. Burned.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A degree of firmness, density, or

spissitude.</def>



<q>Let the expressed juices be boiled into the

<qex>consistence</qex> of a sirup.</q>

<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>



<-- p. 308 proofed -->



<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which stands together as a united whole; a

combination.</def>



<q>The church of God, as meaning whole <qex>consistence</qex> of

orders and members.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Firmness of constitution or character;

substantiality; durability; persistency.</def>



<q>His friendship is of a noble make and a lasting

<qex>consistency</qex>.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Agreement or harmony of all parts of a complex

thing among themselves, or of the same thing with itself at

different times; the harmony of conduct with profession;

congruity; correspondence; <as>as, the <ex>consistency</ex> of

laws, regulations, or judicial decisions; <ex>consistency</ex> of

opinions; <ex>consistency</ex> of conduct or of

character.</as></def>



<q>That <qex>consistency</qex> of behavior whereby he inflexibly

pursues those measures which appear the most just.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<q><qex>Consistency</qex>, thou art a jewel.</q>

<qau>Popular Saying.</qau>



<hw>Con*sist"ent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>consistens</ets>, p.pr.: cf. F.

<ets>consistant</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Possessing

firmness or fixedness; firm; hard; solid.</def>



<q>The humoral and <qex>consistent</qex> parts of the body.</q>

<qau>Harvey.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having agreement with itself or with something

else; having harmony among its parts; possesing unity; accordant;

harmonious; congruous; compatible; uniform; not

contradictory.</def>



<q>Show me one that has it in his power

To act <qex>consistent</qex> with himself an hour.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<q>With reference to such a lord, to serve and to be free are

terms not <qex>consistent</qex> only, but equivalent.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Living or acting in conformity with one's belief

or professions.</def>



<q>It was utterly to be at once a <qex>consistent</qex> Quaker

and a conspirator.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Con*sist"ent*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a consistent

manner.</def>



<hw>Con`sis*to"ri*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>consistorial</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a

consistory.</def> \'bd<xex>Consistorial</xex> laws.\'b8

<au>Hooker.</au> \'bd<xex>Consistorial</xex> courts.\'b8 <au>Bp.

Hoadley.</au>



<hw>Con`sis*to"rian</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to a Presbyterian consistory; -- a contemptuous

term of 17th century controversy.</def>



<q>You fall next on the <qex>consistorian</qex> schismatics; for

so you call Presbyterians.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Con*sis"to*ry</hw> <pr>(? or ?; 277)</pr> <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl. <plw>Consistories</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L.

<ets>consistorium</ets> a place of assembly, the place where the

emperor's council met, fr. <ets>consistere</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>consistoire</ets>, It. <ets>consistorio</ets>. See

<er>Consist</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Primarily, a place of

standing or staying together; hence, any solemn assembly or

council.</def>



<q>To council summons all his mighty peers,

Within thick clouds and dark tenfold involved,

A gloomy <qex>consistory</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Eng. Ch.)</fld> <def>The spiritual court of a

diocesan bishop held before his chancellor or commissioner in his

cathedral church or elsewhere.</def>



<au>Hook.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>An assembly of prelates;

a session of the college of cardinals at Rome.</def>



<q>Pius was then hearing of causes in <qex>consistory</qex>.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A church tribunal or governing body.</def>



<note><hand/ In some churches, as the Dutch Reformed in America,

a <xex>consistory</xex> is composed of the minister and elders of

an individual church, corresponding to a Presbyterian church

session, and in others, as the Reformed church in France, it is

composed of ministers and elders, corresponding to a presbytery.

In some Lutheran countries it is a body of clerical and lay

officers appointed by the sovereign to superintend ecclesiastical

affairs.</note>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A civil court of justice.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Con*sis"to*ry</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of the nature of, or

pertaining to, a consistory.</def> \'bdTo hold

<xex>consistory</xex> session.\'b8



<au>Strype.</au>



<hw>Con*so"ci*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>nsociatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>consociare</ets> to associate,

unite; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>sociare</ets> to join, unite. See

<er>Social</er>.]</ety> <def>An associate; an accomplice.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark> \'bdWicked <xex>consociates</xex>.\'b8



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<hw>Con*so"ci*ate</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. &

p.p.</pos> <er>Consociated</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.pr. &

vb.n.</pos> <er>Consociating</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To bring into alliance, confederacy, or relationship; to

bring together; to join; to unite.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Join pole to pole, <qex>consociate</qex> severed worlds.</q>

<qau>Mallet.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To unite in an ecclesiastical

consociation.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>



<hw>Con*so"ci*ate</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To be

allied, confederated, or associated; to coalescence.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Bentley.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To form an ecclesiastical consociation.</def>

<mark>[U.S.]</mark>



<hw>Con*so`ci*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>consociatio</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Intimate union;

fellowship; alliance; companionship; confederation; association;

intimacy.</def>



<q>A friendly <qex>consociation</qex> with your kindred

elements.</q>

<qau>Warburton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A voluntary and permanent council or union of

neighboring Congregational churches, for mutual advice and

co<?/peration in ecclesiastical matters; a meeting of pasters and

delegates from churches thus united.</def>



<note><hand/ In Connecticut some of the Congregational churhes

are associated in <xex>consociations</xex> and the others in

conferences.</note>



<hw>Con*so`ci*a"tion*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of

or pertaining to a consociation.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>



<hw>Con*sol"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>consolabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>consolable</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Capable of receiving consolation.</def>



<hw>Con"so*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>consolatus</ets>, p.p. See <er>Console</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>]</ety> <def>To console; to comfort.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Con`so*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>consolatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>consolation</ets>.]</ety>

<def>The act of consoling; the state of being consoled;

allevation of misery or distress of mind; refreshment of spirit;

comfort; that which consoles or comforts the spirit.</def>



<q>Against such cruelties

With inward <qex>consolations</qex> recompensed.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>Are the <qex>consolations</qex> of God small with thee?</q>

<qau>Job xv. 11.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Comfort; solace; allevation. See

<er>Comfort</er>.</syn>



<hw>\'d8Con`so*la"to del ma"re</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[It., the

consulate of the sea.]</ety> <def>A collection of maritime laws

of disputed origin, supposed to have been first published at

Barcelona early in the 14th century. It has formed the basis of

most of the subsequent collections of maritime laws.</def>



<au>Kent. Bouvier.</au>



<hw>Con"so*la`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who consoles or comforts.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Con*sol"a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>consolatorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of a consoling or

comforting nature.</def>



<q>The punishment of tyrants is a noble and awful act of justice;

and it has with truth been said to be <qex>consolatory</qex> to

the human mind.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<hw>Con*sol"a*to*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That which consoles;

a speech or writing intended for consolation.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Con*sole"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Consoled</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos>

<er>Consoling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>consolari</ets>,.

p.p. <ets>consolatus</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>solari</ets>

to console, comfort: cf. F. <ets>consoler</ets>. See

<er>Solace</er>.]</ety> <def>To cheer in distress or depression;

to alleviate the grief and raise the spirits of; to relieve; to

comfort; to soothe.</def>



<q>And empty heads <qex>console</qex> with empty sound.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<q>I am much <qex>consoled</qex> by the reflection that the

religion of Christ has been attacked in vain by all the wits and

philosophers, and its triumph has been complete.</q>

<qau>P. Henry.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To comfort; solace; soothe; cheer; sustain;

encourage; support. See <er>Comfort</er>.</syn>



<hw>Con"sole</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A bracket whose projection

is not more than half its height.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any

small bracket; also, a console table.</def>



<cs><col>Console table</col>, <cd>a table whose top is supported

by two or more consoles instead of legs.</cd></cs>



<hw>Con*sol"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

gives consolation.</def>



<hw>Con*sol"i*dant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>consolidans</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>consolidare</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>consolidant</ets>.]</ety> <def>Serving to unite or

consolidate; having the quality of consolidating or making

firm.</def>



<hw>Con*sol"i*date</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>consolidatus</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>consolidare</ets> to make

firm; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>solidare</ets> to make firm;

<ets>solidus</ets> solid. See <er>Solid</er>, and cf.

<er>Consound</er>.]</ety> <def>Formed into a solid mass; made

firm; consolidated.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>A gentleman [should learn to ride] while he is tender and the

brawns and sinews of his thighs not fully

<qex>consolidate</qex>.</q>

<qau>Elyot.</qau>



<hw>Con*sol"i*date</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Consolidated</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos> <er>Consolidating</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make solid; to

unite or press together into a compact mass; to harden or make

dense and firm.</def>



<q>He fixed and <qex>consolidated</qex> the earth.</q>

<qau>T. Burnet.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To unite, as various particulars, into one mass

or body; to bring together in close union; to combine; <as>as, to

<ex>consolidate</ex> the armies of the republic</as>.</def>



<q><qex>Consolidating</qex> numbers into unity.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>To unite by means of

applications, as the parts of a broken bone, or the lips of a

wound.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<syn>Syn. -- To unite; combine; harden; compact; condense;

compress.</syn>



<hw>Con*sol"i*date</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To grow firm and

hard; to unite and become solid; <as>as, moist clay

<ex>consolidates</ex> by drying</as>.</def>



<q>In hurts and ulcers of the head, dryness maketh them more apt

to <qex>consolidate</qex>.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<hw>Con*sol"i*da`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p.p. & a.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Made solid, hard, or compact; united; joined;

solidified.</def>



<q>The Aggregate Fund . . . consisted of a great variety of taxes

and surpluses of taxes and duties which were [in 1715]

<qex>consolidated</qex>.</q>

<qau>Rees.</qau>



<q>A mass of partially <qex>consolidated</qex> mud.</q>

<qau>Tyndall.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having a small surface in

proportion to bulk, as in the cactus.</def>



<q><qex>Consolidated</qex> plants are evidently adapted and

designed for very dry regions; in such only they are found.</q>

<qau>Gray.</qau>



<cs><col>The Consolidated Fund</col>, <cd>a British fund formed

by consolidating (in 1787) three public funds (the Aggregate

Fund, the General Fund, and the South Sea Fund). In 1816, the

larger part of the revenues of Great Britian and Ireland was

assigned to what has been known as <xex>the Consolidated Fund of

the United Kingdom<xex>, out of which are paid the interest of

the national debt, the salaries of the civil list, etc.</cd></cs>



<hw>Con*sol`i*da"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>consolidatio</ets> a confirming: cf. F.

<ets>consolidation</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or

process of consolidating, making firm, or uniting; the state of

being consolidated; solidification; combination.</def>



<q>The <qex>consolidation</qex> of the marble and of the stone

did not fall out at random.</q>

<qau>Woodward.</qau>



<q>The <qex>consolidation</qex> of the great European

monarchies.</q>

<qau>Hallam.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>To organic cohesion of

different circled in a flower; adnation.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The combination of several

actions into one.</def>



<hw>Con*sol"i*da*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>consolidatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tending or having power

to consolidate; healing.</def>



<hw>Con*sol"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Adapted to

console or comfort; cheering; <as>as, this is <ex>consoling</ex>

news</as>.</def>



<hw>Con"sols</hw> <pr>(? <or/ <?/; 277)</pr>, <pos>n. pl. </pos>

<ety>[A contraction of <ets>consol</ets>idated

(annuities).]</ety> <def>The leading British funded government

security.</def>



<note><hand/ A considerable part of the public debt of Great

Britian, which had been contracted in the form of annuities

yielding various rates of interest, was, in 1757, consolidated

into one fund at 3 per cent interest, the account of which is

kept at the Bank of England. This debt has been diminished and

increased at different times, and now constitutes somewhat more

than half of the entire national debt. The stocks are

transferable, and Their value in the market constantly

fluctuates; the price at any time being regarded as a gauge of

the national prosperity and public confidence.</note>



<hw>\'d8Con`som`m<?/"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,

lit. p.p. of <ets>consommer</ets> to finish.]</ety>

<fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>A clear soup or bouillion boiled down

so as to be very rich.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Con"so*nance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Con"so*nan*cy</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>consonantia</ets>: cf. F. <ets>consonnance</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Accord or agreement of sounds

produced simultaneously, as a note with its third, fifth, and

eighth.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Agreement or congruity; harmony; accord;

consistency; suitableness.</def>



<q>The perfect <qex>consonancy</qex> of our persecuted church to

the doctrines of Scripture and antiquity.</q>

<qau>Hammond.</qau>



<q>The optic nerve responds to the waves with which it is in

<qex>consonance</qex>.</q>

<qau>Tyndall.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Friendship; concord.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>By the <qex>consonancy</qex> of our youth.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Agreement; accord; consistency; unison; harmony;

congruity; suitableness; agreeableness.</syn>



<hw>Con"so*nant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>consonans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>; p.pr. of

<ets>consonare</ets> to sound at the same time, agree;

<ets>con-</ets> + <ets>sonare</ets> to sound: cf. F.

<ets>consonnant</ets>. See <er>Sound</er> to make a noise.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Having agreement; congruous; consistent;

according; -- usually followed by <xex>with</xex> or

<xex>to</xex>.</def>



<q>Each one pretends that his opinion . . . is

<qex>consonant</qex> to the words there used.</q>

<qau>Bp. Beveridge.</qau>



<q>That where much is given shall be much required is a thing

<qex>consonant</qex> with natural equity.</q>

<qau>Dr. H. More.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having like sounds.</def>



<q><qex>Consonant</qex> words and syllables.</q>

<qau>Howell.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>harmonizing together;

accordant; <as>as, <ex>consonant</ex> tones, <ex>consonant</ex>

chords</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to consonants; made up of, or

containing many, consonants.</def>



<q>No Russian whose dissonant <qex>consonant</qex> name

Almost shatters to fragments the trumpet of fame.</q>

<qau>T. Moore.</qau>



<hw>Con"so*nant</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>consonans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>.]</ety> <def>An

articulate sound which in utterance is usually combined and

sounded with an open sound called a vowel; a member of the spoken

alphabet other than a vowel; also, a letter or character

representing such a sound.</def>



<note>Consonants are divided into various classes, as mutes,

spirants, sibilants, nasals, semivowels, etc. All of them are

sounds uttered through a closer position of the organs than that

of a vowel proper, although the most open of them, as the

semivowels and nasals, are capable of being used as if vowels,

and forming syllables with other closer consonants, as in the

English <xex>feeble</xex> (<?/), <xex>taken</xex> (<?/). All the

consonants excepting the mutes may be indefinitely, prolonged in

utterance without the help of a vowel, and even the mutes may be

produced with an aspirate instead of a vocal explosion. Vowels

and consonants may be regarded as the two poles in the scale of

sounds produced by gradual approximation of the organ, of speech

from the most open to the closest positions, the vowel being more

open, the consonant closer; but there is a territory between them

where the sounds produced partake of the qualities of

both.</note>



<note><hand/ \'bdA <xex>consonant</xex> is the result of audible

friction, squeezing, or stopping of the breath in some part of

the mouth (or occasionally of the throath.) The main distinction

between vowels and consonants is, that while in the former the

mouth configuration merely modifies the vocalized breath, which

is therefore an essential element of the vowels, in consonants

the narrowing or stopping of the oral passage is the foundation

of the sound, and the state of the glottis is something

secondary.\'b8</note>



<au>H. Sweet.</au>



<hw>Con`so*nan"tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr><def>, <?/. Of the nature of

a consonant; pertaining to consonants.</def>



<hw>Con"so*nant*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

change into, or use as, a consonant.</def> \'bdThe vowel is

<xex>consonantized</xex>, that is, made closer in position.\'b8



<au>Peile.</au>



<hw>Con"so*nant*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a consonant,

consistent, or congruous manner; agreeably.</def>



<hw>Con"so*nant*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or

condition of being consonant, agreeable, or consistent.</def>



<hw>Con"so*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>consonus</ets>. See <er>Consonant</er>.]</ety> <def>Agreeing

in sound; symphonious.</def>



<hw>Con*so`pi*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

act of sleeping, or of lulling, to sleep.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>Con"so*pite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>consopitus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>consopire</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Lulled to sleep.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Dr. H. More.</au>



<hw>Con"so*pite</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To lull to sleep; to

quiet; to compose.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The operation of the masculine faculties of the soul were, for

a while, well slacked and <qex>consopited</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dr. H. More.</qau>



<hw>Con"sort</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>consore</ets>, <ets>-sortis</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> +

<ets>sors</ets> lot, fate, share. See <er>Sort</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>One who shares the lot of another; a companion;

a partner; especially, a wife or husband.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<q>He single chose to live, and shunned to wed,

Well pleased to want a <qex>consort</qex> of his bed.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>The <qex>consort</qex> of the queen has passed from this

troubled sphere.</q>

<qau>Thakeray.</qau>



<q>The snow-white gander, invariably accompanied by his darker

<qex>consort</qex>.</q>

<qau>Darwin.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A ship keeping company with

another.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Concurrence; conjunction; combination;

association; union.</def> \'bdBy Heaven's <xex>consort</xex>.\'b8

<au>Fuller.</au> \'bdWorking in <xex>consort</xex>.\'b8

<au>Hare.</au>



<q>Take it singly, and is carries an air of levity; but, in

<qex>consort</qex> with the rest, has a meaning quite

different.</q>

<qau>Atterbury.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <ety>[LL. <ets>consortium</ets>.]</ety> <def>An

assembly or association of persons; a company; a group; a

combination. </def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>In one <qex>consort</qex> there sat

Cruel revenge and rancorious despite,

Disloyal treason, and heart-burning hate.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<q>Lord, place me in thy <qex>consort</qex>.</q>

<qau>Herbert.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <ety>[Perh. confused with <ets>concert</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Harmony of sounds; concert, as of musical instruments.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<q>To make a sad <qex>consort`</qex>;

Come, let us join our mournful song with theirs.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<-- p. 309 -->



<cs><col>Prince consort</col>, <cd>the husband of a queen

regnant.</cd> -- <col>Queen consort</col>, <cd>the wife of a

king, as distinguished from a <xex>queen regnant<xex>, who rules

alone, and a <xex>queen dowager<xex>, the window of a

king.</cd></cs>



<hw>Con*sort"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Consorted</er>; <pos>p.pr.

& vb.n.</pos> <er>Consorting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To unite or

to keep company; to associate; -- used with

<xex>with</xex>.</def>



<q>Which of the Grecian chiefs <qex>consorts</qex> with thee?</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Con*sort"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To unite or

join, as in affection, harmony, company, marriage, etc.; to

associate.</def>



<q>He with his <qex>consorted</qex> Eve.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>For all that pleasing is to living ears

Was there <qex>consorted</qex> in one harmony.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<q>He begins to <qex>consort</qex> himself with men.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To attend; to accompany.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Thou, wretched boy, that didst <qex>consort</qex> him here,

Shalt with him hence.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Con*sort"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Suitable

for association or companionship.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir H. Wotton.</au>



<hw>Con*sor"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>consortio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Fellowship; association;

companionship.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Con"sort*ship</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

condition of a consort; fellowship; partnership.</def>



<au>Hammond.</au>



<hw>Con"sound</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Corrupted

fr. F. <ets>consoude</ets>, fr L. <ets>consolida</ets> comfrey

(so called because supposed to have healing power);

<ets>con-</ets> + <ets>solidus</ets> solid,

<ets>consolidare</ets> to make solid. Cf. <er>Comfrey</er>,

<er>Consolidate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name

applied loosely to several plants of different genera, esp. the

comfrey.</def>



<hw>Con`spe*cif"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of the

same species.</def>



<hw>Con`spec*tu"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Conspectuities</plw>.</plu> <def>The faculty of seeing;

sight; eye.</def> <note>[A word of Menenius's making.

<au>Coriolanus ii. 1</au>]</note>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Con*spec"tus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A general

sketch or outline of a subject; a synopsis; an epitome.</def>



<hw>Con*sper"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conspersio</ets>, fr. <ets>conspergere</ets> to

sprinkle.]</ety> <def>The act of sprinkling.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The <qex>conspersion</qex> washing the doorposts.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<hw>Con`spi*cu"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

state or quality of being clear or bright; brightness;

conspicuosness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Chapman.</au>



<hw>Con*spic"u*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conspicuus</ets>, fr. <ets>conspicere</ets> to get sight of,

to perceive; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>spicere</ets>,

<ets>specere</ets>, to look. See <er>Spy</er>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Open to the view; obvious to the eye; easy to be seen;

plainly visible; manifest; attracting the eye.</def>



<q>It was a rock

Of alabaster, piled up to the clouds,

<qex>Conspicious</qex> far.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q><qex>Conspicious</qex> by her veil and hood,

Signing the cross, the abbess stood.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Obvious to the mental eye; easily recognized;

clearly defined; notable; prominent; eminent; distinguished;

<as>as, a <ex>conspicuous</ex> exellence, or fault</as>.</def>



<q>A man who holds a <qex>conspicuous</qex> place in the

political, eccesiastical, and literary history of England.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Distinguished; eminent; famous; illustrious;

prominent; celebrated. See <er>Distinguished</er>.

 -- <wordforms><wf>Con*spic"u*ous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Con*spic"u*ous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></syn></wordforms>



<hw>Con*spir"a*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Conspiracies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[See

<er>Conspiration</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A combination of

men for an evil purpose; as agreement, between two or more

persons, to commit a crime in concert, as treason; a plot.</def>



<q>When shapen was all his <qex>conspiracy</qex>

From point to point.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<q>They made a <qex>conspiracy</qex> against [Amaziah].</q>

<qau>2 Kings xiv. 19.</qau>



<q>I had forgot that foul <qex>conspiracy</qex></q>

<q>Of the beast Caliban and his confederates.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A concurence or general tendency, as of

circumstances, to one event, as if by agreement.</def>



<q>A <qex>conspiracy</qex> in all heavenly and earthly

things.</q>

<qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An agreement, manifesting

itself in words or deeds, by which two or more persons

confederate to do an unlawful act, or to use unlawful to do an

act which is lawful; confederacy.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Combination; plot; cabal.</syn>



<hw>Con*spir"ant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conspirans</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>conspirare</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>conspirant</ets>.]</ety> <def>Engaging in a plot to commit a

crime; conspiring.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Con`spi*ra"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>conspiration</ets>, L. <ets>conspiratio</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Agreement or concurrence for some end or purpose;

conspiracy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>As soon as it was day, certain Jews made a

<qex>conspiration</qex>.</q>

<qau>Udall.</qau>



<q>In our natural body every part has a nacassary sympathy with

every other, and all together form, by their harmonious

<qex>onspiration</qex>, a healthy whole.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>



<hw>Con*spir"a*tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

engages in a conspiracy; a plotter.</def>



<au>2 Sam. xv. 31.</au>



<hw>Con*spire"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Conspired</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos>

<er>Conspiring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>conspirer</ets>,

L. <ets>onspirare</ets> to blow together, harmonize, agree, plot;

<ets>con-</ets> + <ets>spirare</ets> to breathe, blow. See

<er>Spirit</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make an agreement,

esp. a secret agreement, to do some act, as to commit treason or

a crime, or to do some unlawful deed; to plot together.</def>



<q>They <qex>conspired</qex> against [Joseph] to slay him.</q>

<qau>Gen. xxxvii. 18.</qau>



<q>You have <qex>conspired</qex> against our royal person,

Joined with an enemy proclaimed.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To concur to one end; to agree.</def>



<q>The press, the pulpit, and the stage

<qex>Conspire</qex> to censure and expose our age.</q>

<qau>Roscommon.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To unite; concur; complot; confederate;

league.</syn>



<hw>Con*spire"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To plot; to plan; to

combine for.</def>



<q>Angry clouds <qex>conspire</qex> your overthrow.</q>

<qau>Bp. Hall.</qau>



<hw>Con*spir"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

conspires; a conspirator.</def>



<hw>Con*spir"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In the manner of a

conspirator; by conspiracy.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Con`spis*sa"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conspissatio</ets>, fr. <ets>onspissare</ets> to make

thick.]</ety> <def>A making thick or viscous; thickness;

inspissation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Dr. H. More.</au>



<hw>Con*spur"ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conspurcatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>conspurcare</ets>.]</ety>

<def>To pollute; to defile.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Cockeram.</au>



<hw>Con`spur*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conspurcare</ets>, <ets>-spuratum</ets>, to defile.]</ety>

<def>This act of defiling; defilement; pollution.</def>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<hw>Con"sta*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>conestable</ets>, <ets>constable</ets>, a constable (in

sense 1), OF. <ets>conestable</ets>, F. <ets>conn<?/table</ets>,

LL. <ets>conestabulus</ets>, <ets>constabularius</ets>,

<ets>comes stabuli</ets>, orig., count of the stable, master of

the horse, equerry; <ets>comes</ets> ount (L. ompanion) + L.

<ets>stabulum</ets> stable. See <er>Count</er> a nobleman, and

<er>Stable</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A high officer in the

monarhical establishments of the Middle Ages.</def>



<note><hand/ The <xex>constable of France</xex> was the first

officer of the crown, and had the chief ommand of the army. It

was also his duty to regulate all matters of chivalry. The office

was suppressed in 1627. The <xex>constable</xex>, or <xex>lord

high constable</xex>, <xex>of England</xex>, was one of the

highest officers of the crown, commander in chief of the forces,

and keeper of the peace of the nation. He also judicial

cognizance of many important matters. The office was as early as

the Conquest, but has been disused (except on great and solemn

occasions), since the attainder of Stafford, duke of Buckingham,

in the reign of Henry VIII.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An officer of the peace having

power as a conservator of the public peace, and bound to exeute

the warrants of judicial offiers.</def>



<au>Bouvier.</au>



<note><hand/ In England, at the present time, the

<xex>constable</xex> is a conservator of the peace within his

district, and is also charged by various statutes with other

duties, such as serving summons, precepts, warrants, etc. In the

United States, <xex>constables</xex> are town or its officers of

the peace, with powers similar to those of the constables of

England. In addition to their duties as conservators of the

peace, they are invested with others by statute, such as to

execute civil as well as criminal process in certain cases, to

attend courts, keep juries, etc. In some cities, there are

officers called <xex>high constables</xex>, who act as shiefs of

the constabulary or police force. In other cities the title of

constable, as well as the office, is merged in that of the polie

officer.</note>



<cs><col>High constable</col>, a constable having certain duties

and powers within a hundred. <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Petty

constable</col>, a conservator of the peace within a parish or

tithing; a tithingman. <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Special

constable</col></mcol>, <cd>a person appointed to act as

constable of special occasions.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To

overrun</col>, <or/ <col>outrun</col>, <col>the

constable</col></mcol>, <cd>the spend more than one's income; to

get into debt. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>



<au>Smollett.</au>



<hw>Con"sta*bler*y</hw> <pr>(? <or/ <?/ )</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[OF. <ets>conestablerie</ets>. Cf.

<er>Constabulary</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

constabulary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The distrit or jurisdiction of a

constable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Con"sta*bleship</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

office or functions of a constable.</def>



<hw>Con"sta*bless</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The wife of a

constable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Con"sta*ble*wick`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Constable</ets> + <ets>wick</ets> a village]</ety>

<def>The district to which a constable's power is limited.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir M. Hale.</au>



<hw>Con*stab"u*la*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>constabularius</ets> an equerry. See

<er>Constable</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to constables;

consisting of constables.</def>



<hw>Con*stab"u*la*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The collective body

of constables in any town, district, or country.</def>



<hw>Con*stab"u*la*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

constabulary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Burnet.</au>



<hw>Con"stan*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>constantia</ets>: cf. F. <ets>constance</ets>. See

<er>Constant</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The state or quality

of being constant or steadfast; freedom from hange; stability;

fixedness; immutabilitu; asm the <xex>constancy</xex> of God in

his nature and attributes.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fixedness or firmness of mind; persevering

resolution; especially, firmness of mind under sufferings,

steadiness in attashments, or perseverance in enterprise;

stability; fidelity.</def>



<q>A fellow of plain unoined <qex>constancy</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q><qex>Constancy</qex> and contempt of danger.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Fixedness; stability; firmness; steadiness;

permanence; steadfastness; resolution. See

<er>Firmness</er>.</syn>



<hw>Con"stant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>onstans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p.pr. of

<ets>constare</ets> to stand firm, to be consistent;

<ets>con-</ets> + <ets>stare</ets> to stand: cf.F.

<ets>constant</ets>. See <er>Stand</er> and f. <er>Cost</er>,

<pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Firm; solid; fixed;

immovable; -- opposed to <xex>fluid</xex>.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>If . . . you mix them, you may turn these two fluid liquors

into a <qex>constant</qex> body.</q>

<qau>Boyle.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not liable, or given, to change; permanent;

regular; continuous; continually recurring; steadfast; faithful;

not fickle.</def>



<q>Both loving one fair maid, they yet remained

<qex>constant</qex> friends.</q>

<qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau>



<q>I am <qex>constant</qex> to my purposes.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>His gifts, his <qex>constant</qex> ourtship, nothing

gained.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>Onward the <qex>constant</qex> current sweeps.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Math. & Physics)</fld> <def>Remaining unchanged

or invariable, as a quantity, forc, law, etc.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Consistent; logical.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Fixed; steadfast; unchanging; permanent;

unalterable; immutable; perpetual; continual; resolute; firm;

unshaken; determined.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Constant</er>,

<er>Continual</er>, <er>Perpetual</er>. These words are sometimes

used in an absolute and sometimes in a qualified sense.

<xex>Constant</xex> denotes, in its absolute sense, unchangeably

fixed; as, a <xex>constant</xex> mind or purpose. In its

qualified sense, it marks something as a \'bdstanding\'b8 fact or

occurence; as, liable to <xex>constant</xex> interruptions;

<xex>constantly</xex> called for. <xex>Continual</xex>, in its

absolute sense, coincides with <xex>continuous</xex>. See

<er>Continuous</er>. In its qualified sense, it describes, a

thing as occuring in steady and rapid succession; as, a round of

<xex>continual</xex> calls; <xex>continually</xex> changing.

<xex>Perpetual</xex> denotes, in its absolute sense, what

literally never ceases or comes to an end; as,

<xex>perpetual</xex> motion. In its qualified sense, it is used

hyperbolically, and denotes that which rarely ceases; as,

<xex>perpetual</xex> disturbance; <xex>perpetual</xex> noise;

<xex>perpetual</xex> intermeddling.</usage>



<hw>Con"stant</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which is

not subject to change; that which is invariable.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A quantity that does not

change its value; -- used in countradistinction <?/o

<xex>variable</xex>.</def>



<cs><col>Absolute costant</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>one whose

value is absolutely the same under all cirumstanes, as the number

10, or any numeral.</cd> -- <col>Arbitrary constant</col>, <cd>an

undetermined constant in a differential equation having the same

value during all changes in the values of the

variables.</cd></cs>



<hw>Con*stan"ti*a</hw> <pr>(? <or/ <?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>A superior wine, white and red, from Constantia, in Cape

Colony.</def>



<hw>Con"stant*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With

constancy; steadily; continually; perseveringly; without

cessation; uniformly.</def>



<q>But she <qex>constantly</qex> affirmed that it was even

so.</q>

<qau>Acts. xii. 15.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Con"stat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., it is

evident.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A certificate showing what

appears upon record touching a matter in question.</def>



<hw>Con*state"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>constater</ets>; L. <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>stare</ets> to

stand.]</ety> <def>To ascertain; to verify; to establish; to

prove.</def>



<au>F. P. Cobbe.</au>



<hw>Con"stel*late</hw> <pr>(? <or/ <?/)</pr>, <pos>v. i. </pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>L</ets>. <ets>stellatus</ets>,

p.p. of <ets>stellare</ets> to cover with stars,

<ets>stella</ets> star. See <er>Stellate</er>.]</ety> <def>To

join luster; to shine with united radiance, or one general

light.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>The several things which engage our affections . . . shine

forth and <qex>constellate</qex> in God.</q>

<qau>Boule.</qau>



<hw>Con"stel*late</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

unite in one luster or radiane, as stars.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Whe know how to <qex>constellate</qex> these lights.</q>

<qau>Boyle.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To set or adorn with stars or constellations;

<as>as, <ex>constellated</ex> heavens</as>.</def>



<au>J. Barlow.</au>



<hw>Con`stel*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>constellation</ets>, L. <ets>constellatio</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A cluster or group of fixed stars, or dvision of

the heavens, designated in most cases by the name of some animal,

or of some mythologial personage, within whose imaginary outline,

as traced upon the heavens, the group is included.</def>



<q>The <qex>constellations</qex> seem to have been almost

purposely named and delineated to cause as much confusion and

inconvenience as possible.</q>

<qau>Sir J. Herschel.</qau>



<note><hand/ In each of the constellations now recognized by

astronomers (about 90 in number) the brightest stars, both named

and unnamed are designated nearly in the order of brilliancy by

the letters of the Greek alphabet; as, <?/ Tauri (Aldebaran) is

the first star of Taurus, <?/ Orionis (Bellatrix) is the third

star of Orion.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An assemblage of splendors or excellences.</def>



<q>The <qex>constellations</qex> of genius had already begun to

show itself . . . which was to shed a glory over the meridian and

close of Philip's reign.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Fortune; fate; destiny.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>It is <qex>constellation</qex>, which causeth all that a man

doeth.</q>

<qau>Gower.</qau>



<hw>Con`ster*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>consternatio</ets>, fr. consternare to overome, perplex, an

accessory form of <ets>consternere</ets> to trow down, prostrate;

<ets>con + sternere</ets> to spread out, throw down: cf. F.

<ets>consternation</ets>. See <er>Straum</er>.]</ety>

<def>Amazement or horror that confounds the faculties, and

incapacitates for refletion; terror, combined with amaxement;

dismay.</def>



<q>The chiefs around,

In silence wrapped, in <qex>onsternation</qex> downed.

Attend the stern reply.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Alarm; fright; amazement; astonishment; surprise;

panic; returbation. See <er>Alarm</er>.</syn>



<hw>Con"sti*pate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Constipated</er>;

<pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos> <er>Constipating</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[L. <ets>constipatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>constipare</ets>;

<ets>con-</ets> + <ets>stipare</ets> to crowd together. See

<er>Costive</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To crowd or cram into a

narrow compass; to press together or condense.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Of cold the property is to condense and

<qex>constipate</qex>.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To stop (a channel) by filling it, and

preventing passage through it; <as>as, to <ex>constipate</ex> the

capillary vessels</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To render costive; to cause

constipation in.</def>



<hw>Con`sti*pa"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>constipatio</ets> a crowding together: cf.F.

<ets>constipation</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Act of crowding

anything into a less compass, or the state of being crowded or

pressed together; condensation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Fullness of matter, or a pretty close <qex>constipation</qex>

. . . of its particles.</q>

<qau>Boyle.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A state of the bowels in which the evacuations

are infrequent and difficult, or the intestines become filled

with hardened faces; costiveness.</def>



<hw>Con*stit"u*en*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. 

<plw>Constituencies</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>A body of

constituents, as the body of citizens or voters in a

representative district.</def>



<hw>Con*stit"u*ent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>constituens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p.pr. See

<er>Constitute</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Serving to form,

compose, or make up; elemental; component.</def>



<q>Body, soul, and reason are the three parts necessarily

<qex>constituent</qex> of a man.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having the power of electing or

appointing.</def>



<q>A question of right arises between the <qex>constituent</qex>

and representative body.</q>

<qau>Junius.</qau>



<hw>Con*stit"u*ent</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

person or thing which constitutes, determines, or

constructs.</def>



<q>Their first composure and origination require a higher and

nobler <qex>constituent</qex> than chance.</q>

<qau>Sir M. Hale</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which constitutes or composes, as a part,

or an essential part; a component; an element.</def>



<q>We know how to bring these <qex>constituents</qex> together,

and to cause them to form water.</q>

<qau>Tyndall.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>One for whom another acts; especially, one who

is represented by another in a legislative assembly; --

correlative to <xex>representative</xex>.</def>



<q>The electors in the district of a representative in Congress,

or in the legislature of a State, are termed his

<qex>constituents</qex>.</q>

<qau>Abbot.</qau>



<q>To appeal from the representatives to the

<qex>constituents</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A person who appoints another

to act for him as attorney in fact.</def>



<au>Burrill.</au>



<hw>Con"sti*tute</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Constituted</er>;

<pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos> <er>Constituting</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[L. <ets>constitutus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>constiture</ets> to

constitute; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>statuere</ets> to place, set,

fr. <ets>status</ets> station, fr. <ets>stare</ets> to stand. See

<er>Stand</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cause to stand; to

establish; to enact.</def>



<q>Laws appointed and <qex>constituted</qex> by lawful

authority.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<-- p. 310 -->



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make up; to compose; to form.</def>



<q>Truth and reason <qex>constitute</qex> that intellectual gold

that defies destruction.</q>

<qau>Johnson.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To appoint, depute, or elect to an offie; to

make and empower.</def>



<q>Me didst Thou <qex>constitute</qex> a priest of thine.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<cs><col>Constituted authorities</col>, <cd>the officers of

government, collectively, as of a nation, city, town,

etc.</cd></cs>



<au>Bartlett.</au>



<hw>Con"sti*tute</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

established law.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>T. Preston.</au>



<hw>Con"sti*tu`ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

constitutes or appoints.</def>



<hw>Con`sti*tu"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>constitution</ets>, L. <ets>constitute</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or process of constituting; the action

of enacting, establishing, or appointing; enactment;

establishment; formation.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being; that form of being, or

structure and connection of parts, which constitutes and

characterizes a system or body; natural condition; structure;

texture; conformation.</def>



<q>The physical <qex>constitution</qex> of the sun.</q>

<qau>Sir J. Herschel.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The agregate of all one's inherited physical

qualities; the aggregate of the vital powers of an individual,

with refernce to ability to endure hardship, resist disease,

etc.; <as>as, a robust <ex>constitution</ex></as>.</def>



<q>Our <qex>constitutions</qex> have never been enfeebled by the

vices or luxuries of the oid world.</q>

<qau>Story.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The aggregate of mental qualities;

temperament.</def>



<q>He defended himself with . . . less passion than was expected

from his <qex>constitution</qex>.</q>

<qau>Clarendon.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The fundamental, organic law or principles of

government of men, embodied in written documents, or implied in

the institutions and usages of the country or society; also, a

written instrument embodying such organic law, and laying down

fundamental rules and principles for the conduct of

affairs.</def>



<q>Our <qex>constitution</qex> had begun to exist in times when

statesmen were not much accustomed to frame exact

definitions.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<note><hand/ In England the constitution is unwritten, and may be

modified from time to time by act of Parliament. In the United

States a constitution cannot ordinarily be modified, exept

through such processes as the constitution itself ordains.</note>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>An authoritative ordinance, regulation or

enactment; especially, one made by a Roman emperor, or one

affecting ecclesiastical doctrine or disipline; <as>as, the

<ex>constitutions</ex> of Justinian</as>.</def>



<q>The positive <qex>constutions</qex> of our own churches.</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<q>A <qex>constitution</qex> of Valentinian addressed to

Olybrius, then prefect of Rome, for the regulation of the conduct

of advocates.</q>

<qau>George Long.</qau>



<cs><col>Apostolic constitutions</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Apostolic</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Con`sti*tu"tion*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[f.

F. <ets>constitutionnel</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Belonging

to, or inherent in, the constitution, or in the structure of body

or mind; <as>as, a <ex>constitutional</ex> infirmity;

<ex>constitutional</ex> ardor or dullness.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In accordance with, or authorized by, the

constitution of a state or a society; <as>as,

<ex>constitutional</ex> reforms</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Regulated by, dependent on, or secured by, a

constitution; <as>as, <ex>constitutional</ex> government;

<ex>constitutional</ex> rights.</as></def>



<au>Hallam.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Relating to a constitution, or establishment

form of government; <as>as, a <ex>constitutional</ex>

risis</as>.</def>



<q>The anient <qex>constitutional</qex> traditions of the

state.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>For the benefit or one's constitution or health;

<as>as, a <ex>constitutional</ex> walk</as>.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<cs><col>Constitutional law</col>, <cd>law that relates to the

constitution, as a permanent system of political and juridical

government, as distinguished from statutory and common law, which

relate to matters subordinate to such constitution.</cd></cs>



<hw>Con`sti*tu"tion*al</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A walk or other

exercise taken for one's health or constitution.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<au>Thackeray.</au>



<q>The men trudged diurnal <qex>constitutionals</qex> along the

different roads.</q>

<qau>Compton Reade.</qau>



<hw>Con`sti*tu"tion*al*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>The theory, principles, or authority of constitutional

government; attachment or adherene to a constitution or

constitutional government.</def>



<au>Carlyle.</au>



<hw>Con`sti*tu"tion*al*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

advocates a constitutional form of government; a

constitutionalist.</def>



<hw>Con`sti*tu`tion*al"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl. -<plw>ties</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[f. F.

<ets>constitutionalit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

quality or state of being constitutional, or inherent in the

natural frame.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being consistent with the

constitution or frame of government, or of being authorized by

its provisions.</def>



<au>Burke.</au>



<q><qex>Constitutionalities</qex>, bottomless cavilings and

questionings about written laws.</q>

<qau>Carlyle.</qau>



<hw>Con`sti*tu"tion*al*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>In accordance with the constitution or natural

disposition of the mind or body; naturally; <as>as, he was

<ex>constitutionally</ex> timid</as>.</def>



<q>The English were <qex>constitutionally</qex> humane.</q>

<qau>Hallam.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In accordance with the constitution or

fundamental law; legally; <as>as, he was not

<ex>constitutionally</ex> appointed</as>.</def>



<q>Nothing would indue them to acknowledge that [such] an

assembly . . . was <qex>constitutionally</qex> a Parliament.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Con`sti*tu"tion*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who adheres

to the constitution of the country.</def>



<au>Bolingbroke.</au>



<hw>Con"sti*tu`tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Tending or assisting to constitute or compose; elemental;

essential.</def>



<q>An ingredient and <qex>constitutive</qex> part of every

virtue.</q>

<qau>Barrow.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having power to enact, establish, or create;

instituting; determining.</def>



<au>Sir W. Hamilton.</au>



<hw>Con"sti*tu`tive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

constitutive manner.</def>



<hw>Con*strain"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Constrained</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos>

<er>Constraining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF.

<ets>constraindre</ets>, F. <ets>contrainde</ets>, L.

<ets>constringere</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>stringere</ets>

to draw tight. See <er>Strain</er>, and. cf. <er>Constrict</er>,

<er>Conbstringere</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To secure by

bonds; to chain; to bond or con<?/; to hold tightly; to

constringe.</def>



<q>He binds in hains

The droway prophet, and his limbs <qex>constrains</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>When winter frosts <qex>constrain</qex> the fields with

old.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To bring into a narrow compass; to

compress.</def>



<q>How the strait stays the slender waist

<qex>constrain</qex>.</q>

<qau>Gay.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To hold back by force; to restrain; to

repress.</def>



<q>My sire in caves <qex>constrains</qex> the winds.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To compel; to force; to necessiate; to

oblige.</def>



<q>The love of Christ <qex>constraineth</qex> us.</q>

<qau>2. Cor. v. 14.</qau>



<q>I was <qex>constrained</qex> to appeal unto C<?/sar.</q>

<qau>Acts xxviii. 19.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To violate; to ravish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To produce in such a manner as to give an

unnatural effet; <as>as, a <ex>constrained</ex> voice</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- To compel; force; drive; impel; urge; press.</syn>



<hw>Con*strain"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

OF. <ets>constraignable</ets>, F.

<ets>contraignable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being

constrained; liable to constraint, or to restraint.</def>



<au>Hooker.</au>



<hw>Con*strained"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Marked by

constraint; not free; not voluntary; embarrassed; <as>as, a

<ex>constrained</ex> manner; a <ex>constrained</ex>

tone.</as></def>



<hw>Con*strain"ed*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>By

constraint or compulsion; in a constrained manner.</def>



<au>Hooker.</au>



<hw>Con*strain"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

constrains.</def>



<hw>Con*straint"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>constrainte</ets>, F. <ets>constrainte</ets>.]</ety>

<def>The act of constraining, or the state of being constrained;

that which compels to, or restrains from, action; compulsion;

restraint; necessity.</def>



<q>Long imprisonment and hard <qex>constraint</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<q>Not by <qex>constraint</qex>, but b<?/ my choice, I came.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Compulsion; violence; necessity; urgency.</syn>

<usage> -- <er>Constraint</er>, <er>Compulsion</er>.

<xex>Constraint</xex> implies strong binding force; as, the

<xex>constraint</xex> of necessity; the <xex>constraint</xex> of

fear. <xex>Compulsion</xex> implies the exertion of some urgent

impelling force; as, driven by <xex>compulsion</xex>. The former

prevents us from acting agreeably to our wishes; the latter

forces us to act contrary to our will. <xex>Compulsion</xex> is

always produced by some active agent; a <xex>constraint</xex> may

be laid upon us by the forms of civil society, or by other

outward circumstances.</usage>



<au>Crabb.</au>



<hw>Con*straint"ive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Constraining; compulsory.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdAny

<xex>constraintive</xex> vow.\'b8



<au>R. Carew.</au>



<hw>Con*strict"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Constricted</er>;

<pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos> <er>Constricting</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[L. <ets>constrictus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>constringere</ets>.

See <er>Constrain</er>.]</ety> <def>To draw together; to render

narrower or smaller; to bind; to cramp; to contract or ause to

shrink.</def>



<q>Such things as <qex>constrict</qex> the fibers.</q>

<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>



<q>Membranous organs inclosing a cavity which their contraction

<qex>constrict</qex>.</q>

<qau>Todd & Bowman.</qau>



<hw>Con*strict"ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Drawn

together; bound; contracted; cramped.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Contracted or compressed so as

to be smaller in certain places or parts than in others.</def>



<hw>Con*stric"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>constrictio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>constriction</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of constricting by means of some

inherent power or by movement or change in the thing itself, as

distinguished from <xex>compression</xex>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being constricted; the point where

a thing is constricted; a narrowing or binding.</def>



<q>A <qex>constriction</qex> of the parts inservient to

speech.</q>

<qau>Grew.</qau>



<hw>Con*strict"ive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Serving

or tending to bind or constrict.</def>



<hw>Con*strict"or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>That which constricts, draws together, or contracts.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A muscle which contracts or

closes an orifice, or which compresses an organ; a

sphincter.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A serpent that kills its

prey by inclosing and crushing it with its folds; <as>as, the boa

<ex>constrictor</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Con*stringe"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Constringed</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos>

<er>Constringing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>constringere</ets>. See <er>onstrain</er>.]</ety> <def>To

dawn together; to contract; to force to contract itself; to

constrict; to cause to shrink.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Strong liquors . . . intoxicate, <qex>constringe</qex>, harden

the fibers, and coagulate the fluids.</q>

<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>



<hw>Con*strin"gent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>constringens</ets>, p.pr.]</ety> <def>Having the quality of

contracting, binding, or compressing.</def>



<au>Thomson.</au>



<hw>Con*struct"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Constructed</er>;

<pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos> <er>Constructing</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[L. <ets>constructus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>construere</ets> to

bring together, to construct; <ets>con-</ets> +

<ets>struere</ets> to pile up, set in order. See

<er>Structure</er>, and cf. <er>Construe</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To put together the constituent parts of (something) in

their proper place and order; to build; to form; to make; <as>as,

to <ex>construct</ex> an edlifice</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To devise; to invent; to set in order; to

arrange; <as>as, to <ex>construct</ex> a theory of

ethics</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- To build; erect; form; compile; make; fabricate;

originate; invent.</syn>



<hw>Con"struct</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Formed by,

or relating to, construction, interpretation, or inference.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Construct form</col> <or/ <col>state</col></mcol>

<fld>(Heb. Gram.)</fld>, <cd>that of a noun used before another

which has the genitive relation to it.</cd></cs>



<hw>Con*struct"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who,

or that which, constructs or frames.</def>



<hw>Con*struc"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>constructio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>construction</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The process or art of constructing; the act of

building; erection; the act of devising and forming; fabrication;

composition.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The form or manner of building or putting

together the parts of anything; structure; arrangement.</def>



<q>An astrolabe of peculiar <qex>construction</qex>.</q>

<qau>Whewell.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The arrangement and

connection of words in a sentence; syntactical arrangement.</def>



<q>Some particles . . . in certain <qex>constructions</qex> have

the sense of a whole sentence contained in them.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The method of construing, interpreting, or

explaining a declaration or fact; an attributed sense or meaning;

understanding; explanation; interpretation; sense.</def>



<q>Any person . . . might, by the sort of <qex>construction</qex>

that would be put on this act, become liable to the penalties of

treason.</q>

<qau>Hallam.</qau>



<q><qex>Strictly</qex>, <qex>the term</qex>

[<qex>construction</qex>] signifies determining the meaning and

proper effect of language by a consideration of the subject

matter and attendant circumstances in connection with the words

employed.</q>

<qau>Abbott.</qau>



<q>Interpretation properly precedes <qex>construction</qex>, but

it does not go beyond the written text.</q>

<qau>Parsons.</qau>



<cs><col>Construction of an equation</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>,

<cd>the drawing of such lines and figures as will represent

geometrically the quantities in the equation, and their relations

to each other.</cd> -- <col>Construction train</col>

<fld>(Railroad)</fld>, <cd>a train for transporting men and

materials for construction or repairs.</cd></cs>



<hw>Con*struc"tion*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to, or deduced from, construction or

interpretation.</def>



<hw>Con*struc"tion*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who puts a

certain construction upon some writing or instrument, as the

Constitutions of the United States; <as>as, a strict

<ex>constructionist</ex>; a broad

<ex>constructionist</ex>.</as></def>



<hw>Con*struct"ive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>constructif</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having ability to

construct or form; employed in construction; <as>as, to exhibit

<ex>constructive</ex> power</as>.</def>



<q>The <qex>constructive</qex> fingers of Watts.</q>

<qau>Emerson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Derived from, or depending on, construction or

interpretation; not directly expressed, but inferred.</def>



<cs><col>Constructive crimes</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>acts

having effects analogous to those of some statutory or common law

crimes; as, <xex>constructive<xex> treason. Constructive crimes

are no longer recognized by the courts.</cd> -- <col>Constructive

notice</col>, <cd>notice imputed by construction of law.</cd> --

<col>Constructive trust</col>, <cd>a trust which may be assumed

to exist, though no actual mention of it be made.</cd></cs>



<hw>Con*struct"ive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

constructive manner; by construction or inference.</def>



<q>A neutral must have notice of a blockade, either actually by a

formal information, or <qex>constructively</qex> by notice to his

government.</q>

<qau>Kent.</qau>



<hw>Con*struct"ive*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Tendency or ability to form or construct.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Phren.)</fld> <def>The faculty which enables

one to construct, as in mechanical, artistic, or literary

matters.</def>



<hw>Con*struct"or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. LL.

<ets>constructor</ets>.]</ety> <def>A constructer.</def>



<hw>Con*struc"ture</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> 

<def>That which is constructed or formed; an edifice; a

fabric.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Con*strue</hw> <pr>(?; <it>Archaic</it> ?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.

</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp & p. p.</pos> <er>Construed</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr & vb. n.</pos> <er>Construing</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>construere</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>construire</ets>. See <er>Construct</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To apply the rules of syntax to (a sentence or clause) so as

to exhibit the structure, arrangement, or connection of, or to

discover the sense; to explain the construction of; to interpret;

to translate.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To put a construction upon; to explain the sense

or intention of; to interpret; to understand.</def>



<q>Thus we are put to <qex>construe</qex> and paraphrase our own

words to free ourselves either from the ignorance or malice of

our enemies.</q>

<qau>Bp. Stilingfleet.</qau>



<q>And to be dull was <qex>construed</qex> to be good.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<hw>Con"stu*prate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Construprated</er>;

<pos>p.p. & vb.n.</pos> <er>Constuprating</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[L. <ets>constupratus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>constuprare</ets>

to ravish; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>stuprare</ets> to ravish,

<ets>stuprum</ets> rape.]</ety> <def>To ravish; to debauch.</def>



<au>Burton.</au>



<hw>Con`stu*pra"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

act of ravishing; violation; defilement.</def>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<hw>Con`sub*stan"tial</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>consubstantialis</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> +

<ets>substantialis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>consubstantiel</ets>. See

<er>Substantial</er>.]</ety> <def>Of the same kind or nature;

having the same substance or essence; coessential.</def>



<q>Christ Jesus . . . coeternal and <qex>consubstantial</qex>

with the Father and with the Holy Ghost.</q>

<qau>Foxe.</qau>



<hw>Con`sub*stan"tial*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>The doctrine of consubstantiation.</def>



<hw>Con`sub*stan"tial*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

believes in consubstantiation.</def>



<au>Barrow.</au>



<hw>Con`sub*stan"ti*al"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?;  106)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>consubstantialit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Participation of the

same nature; coexistence in the same substance.</def> \'bdHis

[the Son's] . . . <xex>consubstantiality</xex> with the

Father.\'b8



<au>Hammend.</au>



<hw>Con`sub*stan"tial*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>In a consubstantial manner; with identity of substance or

nature.</def>



<hw>Con`sub*stan"ti*ate</hw> <pr>(?; 106)</pr>, <pos>v. t. </pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp & p. p.</pos> <er>Consubstantiated</er>;

<pos>p.pr & vb. n.</pos> <er>Consubstantiating</er>.]</wordforms>

<def>To cause to unite, or to regard as united, in one common

substance or nature.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>His soul must be <qex>consubstantiated</qex> with reason.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<hw>Con`sub*stan"ti*ate</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To profess or

belive the doctrine of consubstantion.</def>



<q>The <qex>consubstantiating</qex> church and priest.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Con`sub*stan"ti*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Partaking of the same substance; united;

consubstantial.</def>



<q>We must love her [the wife] that is thus

<qex>consubstantiate</qex> with us.</q>

<qau>Feltham.</qau>



<hw>Con`sub*stan`ti*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?; 106)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>An identity or union of substance.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>The actual, substantial

presence of the body of Christ with the bread and wine of the

sacrament of the Lord's Supper; impanation; -- opposed to

<xex>transubstantiation</xex>.</def>



<note><hand/ This view, held by Luther himself, was called

<xex>consubstantiation</xex> by non Lutheran writers in

contradistinction to transsubstantiation, the Catholic

view.</note>



<hw>Con"sue*tude</hw> <pr>(?; 144)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>consuetudo</ets>. See <er>Custom</er>.]</ety> <def>Custom,

habit; usage.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>To observe this <qex>consuetude</qex> or law.</q>

<qau>Barnes</qau>.



<hw>Con`sue*tu"di*nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>consuetudinalis</ets>.]</ety> <def>According to custom;

customary; usual.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Con`sue*tu"di*na"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[LL. <ets>consuetudinarius</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Customary.</def>



<-- p. 311 -->



<hw>Cus`sue*tu"di*na*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl. <plw>Consuetudinaries</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>A

manual or ritual of customary devotional exercises.</def>



<hw>Con"sul</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., prob. fr.

<ets>consulere</ets> to deliberate. See <er>Consult</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>One of the two chief

magistrates of the republic.</def>



<note><hand/ They were chosen annually, originally from the

patricians only, but later from the plebeians also.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A senator; a counselor.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Many of the <qex>consuls</qex>, raised and met,

Are at the duke's already.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>With kings and <qex>consuls</qex> of the earth.</q>

<qau>Job. iii. 14 (Douay Ver. )</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Fr. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of the three chief

magistrates of France from 1799 to 1804, who were called,

respectively, first, second, and third consul.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>An official comissioned to reside in some

foreign country, to care for the commercial interests of the

citizens of the appointing government, and to protect its

seamen.</def>



<cs><col>Consul general</col>, <cd>a consul of the first rank,

stationed in an important place, or having jurisdiction in

several places or over several consula.</cd> -- <col>Vice

consul</col>, <cd>a consular officer holding the place of a

consul during the consul's absence or after he has been

relieved.</cd></cs>



<hw>Con"sul*age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>A duty or tax paid by merchants for the

protection of their connerce by means of a consul in a foreign

place.</def>



<hw>Con"su*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>consularis</ets>; cf. F. <ets>consulaire</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Of or pertaining to a consul; performing the duties of a

consul; <as>as, <ex>consular</ex> power; <ex>consular</ex>

dignity; <ex>consular</ex> officers.</as></def>



<hw>Con"su*la"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Consular.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Holland.</au>



<hw>Con"su*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>consulatus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>consulat</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The office of a consul.</def>



<au>Addison.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The jurisdiction or residence of a consul.</def>



<au>Kent.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Consular government; term of office of a

consul.</def>



<hw>Con"sul*ship</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The office of a consul; consulate.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The term of office of a consul.</def>



<hw>Con*sult"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Consulted</er>; <pos>p.pr.

& vb.n.</pos> <er>Consulting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>consultare</ets>, fr. <ets>consulere</ets> to consult: cf.

f. <ets>consulter</ets>. Cf. <er>Counsel</er>.]</ety> <def>To

seek the opinion or advice of another; to take consel; to

deliberate together; to confer.</def>



<q>Let us <qex>consult</qex> upon to-morrow's business.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>All the laws of England have been made by the kings England,

<qex>consulting</qex> with the nobility and commons.</q>

<qau>Hobbes.</qau>



<hw>Con*sult"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To ask

advice of; to seek the opinion of; to apply to for information or

instruction; to refer to; <as>as, to <ex>consult</ex> a

physician; to <ex>consult</ex> a dictionary.</as></def>



<q>Men fergot, or feared, to <qex>consult</qex> . . . ; they were

content to <qex>consult</qex> liberaries.</q>

<qau>Whewell.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To have reference to, in judging or acting; to

have regard to; to consider; <as>as, to <ex>consult</ex> one's

wishes</as>.</def>



<q>We are . . .  to <qex>consult</qex> the necessities of life,

rather than matters of ornament and delight.</q>

<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To deliberate upon; to take for.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Manythings were there <qex>consulted</qex> for the future, yet

nothing was positively resolved.</q>

<qau>Clarendon.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To bring about by counsel or contrivance; to

devise; to contrive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Thou hast <qex>consulted</qex> shame to thy <?/use by cutting

off many people.</q>

<qau>Hab. ii. 10.</qau>



<hw>Con*sult"</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> 

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of consulting or deliberating;

consultation; also, the result of consulation; determination;

decision.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The council broke;

And all grave <qex>consults</qex> dissolved in smoke.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A council; a meeting for consultation.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdA <xex>consult</xex> of coquettes.\'b8



<au>Swift.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Agreement; concert</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Con*sult"a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Formed by

consultation; resulting from conference.</def>



<cs><col>Consultary response</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>the

opinion of a court on a special case.</cd></cs>



<qau>Wharton.</qau>



<hw>Con`sul*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>consultatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>consultation</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of consulting or conferring;

deliberation of two or more persons on some matter, with a view

to a decision.</def>



<q>Thus they doubtful <qex>consultations</qex> dark

Ended.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A council or conference, as of physicians, held

to consider a special case, or of lawyers restained in a

cause.</def>



<cs><col>Writ of consultation</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a writ

by which a cause, improperly removed by prohibition from one

court to another, is returned to the court from which it came; --

so called because the judges, on <xex>consultation<xex>, find the

prohibition ill-founded.</cd></cs>



<hw>Con*sult"a*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to consultation; having the privilege or right of

conference.</def> \'bdA <xex>consultative</xex> . . . power.\'b8



<au>Abp. Bramhall.</au>



<hw>Con*sult"a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Formed

by, or resulting from, consultation; advisory.</def>



<au>Bancroft.</au>



<hw>Con*sult"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

consults, or asks counsel or information.</def>



<hw>Con*sult"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That consults.</def>



<cs><col>Consulting physician</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a

physician who consults with the attending practitioner regarding

any case of disease.</cd></cs>



<hw>Con*sult"ive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Determined

by, or pertaining to, consultation; deliberate;

consultative.</def>



<q>He that remains in the grace of God sins not by any

deliberative, <qex>consultive</qex>, knowing act.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<hw>Con*sum"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of being consumed; that may be destroyed, dissipated, wasted, or

spent.</def> \'bd<xex>Consumable</xex> commodities.\'b8



<au>Locke.</au>



<hw>Con*sume"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Consumed</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos>

<er>Consuming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>consumere</ets> to

take wholly or complectely, to consume; <ets>con-</ets> +

<ets>sumere</ets> to take; <ets>sub + emere</ets> to buv. See

<er>Redeem</er>.]</ety> <def>To destroy, as by decomposition,

dissipation, waste, or fire; to use up; to expend; to waste; to

burn up; to eat up; to devour.</def>



<q>If he were putting to my house the brand

That shall <qex>consume</qex> it.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven, where neither moth

nor rust doth <qex>consume</qex>.</q>

<qau>Matt. vi. 20 (Rev. Ver. ).</qau>



<q>Let me alone . . . that I may <qex>consume</qex> them.</q>

<qau>Ex. xxxii. 10.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To destroy; swallow up; ingulf; absorb; waste;

exhaust; spend; expend; squander; lavish; dissipate.</syn>



<hw>Con*sume"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To waste

away slowly.</def>



<q>Therefore, let Renedick, like covered fire,

<qex>Consume</qex> away in sighs.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Con*sum"ed*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>Excessively.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>



<q>He's so <qex>consumedly</qex> pround of it.</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



<hw>Con*sum"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, consumes; <as>as, the <ex>consumer</ex> of

food</as>.</def>



<hw>Con*sum"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a consuming

manner.</def>



<hw>Con*sum"mate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>consummatus</ets>, p.p. or <ets>consummare</ets> to

accomplish, sum up; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>summa</ets> sum. See

<er>Sum</er>.]</ety> <def>Carried to the utmost extent or degree;

of the highest quality; complete; perfect.</def> \'bdA man of

perfect and <xex>consummate</xex> virtue.\'b8



<au>Addison.</au>



<q>The little band held the post with <qex>consummate</qex>

tenacity.</q>

<qau>Motley</qau>



<hw>Con"sum*mate</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>v. t. </pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp & p. p.</pos> <er>Consummated</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr & vb. n.</pos> <er>Consummating</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To bring to completion; to raise

to the highest point or degree; to complete; to finish; to

perfect; to achieve.</def>



<q>To <qex>consummate</qex> this business happily.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Con*sum"mate*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

consummate manner; completely.</def>



<au>T. Warton.</au>



<hw>Con`sum*ma"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>consummatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of consummating, or

the state of being consummated; completed; completion;

perfection; termination; end (as of the world or of life).</def>



<q>\'bdTis a <qex>consummation</qex>

Devoutly to be wished.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>From its original to its <qex>consummation</qex>.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<q>Quiet <qex>consummation</qex> have,

And renown<?/d be thy grave.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>Consummation of marrige</col>, <cd>completion of the

connubial relation by actual cohabition.</cd></cs>



<hw>Con*sum"ma*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Serving

to consummate; completing.</def> \'bdThe final, the

<xex>consummative</xex> procedure of philosophy.\'b8



<au>Sir W. Hamilton.</au>



<hw>Con*sump"tion</hw> <pr>(?; 215)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>. <ety>[L.

<ets>consumptio: cf. F. <ets>consomption</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or process of consuming by use, waste,

etc.; decay; destruction.</def>



<q>Every new advance of the price to the consumer is a new

incentive to him to retrench the quality of his

<qex>consumption</qex>.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state or process of being consumed, wasted,

or diminished; waste; diminution; loss; decay.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A progressive wasting away of

the body; esp., that form of wasting, attendant upon pulmonary

phthisis and associated with cough, spitting of blood, hectic

fever, etc.; pulmonary phthisis; -- called also

<altname>pulmonary consumption</altname>.</def><-- tuberculosis

-->



<cs><col>Consumption of the bowels</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>,

<cd>inflammation and ulceration of the intestines from tubercular

disease.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Decline; waste; decay. See <er>Decline</er>.</syn>



<hw>Con*sump"tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>consomptif</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining

to consumption; having the quality of consuming, or dissipating;

destructive; wasting.</def>



<q>It [prayer] is not <qex>consumptive</qex> or our time.</q>

<qau>Sharp.</qau>



<q>A long <qex>consumptive</qex> war.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Affected with, or inclined to,

consumption.</def>



<q>The lean, <qex>consumptive</qex> wench, with coughs

decayed.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Con*sump"tive</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One affected with

consumption; <as>as, a resort for

<ex>consumptives</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Con*sump"tive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a way tending

to or indication consumption.</def>



<au>Beddoes.</au>



<hw>Con*sump"tive*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A state of being

consumptive, or a tendency to a consumption.</def>



<hw>Con`ta*bes"cent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>contabescenc</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>contabescere</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Wasting away gradually.</def>



<au>Darwin.</au>



- <wordforms><wf>Con*ta*bes"cence</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Con"tact</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>contactus</ets>, fr. <ets>contingere</ets>,

<ets>-tactum</ets>, to touch on all sides. See

<er>Contingent</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A close union or

junction of bodies; a touching or meeting.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The property of two curves,

or surfaces, which meet, and at the point of meeting have a

common direction.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The plane between two

adjacent bodies of dissimilar rock.</def>



<au>Raymond.</au>



<cs><col>Contact level</col>, <cd>a delicate level so pivoted as

to tilt when two parts of a measuring apparatus come into contact

with each other; -- used in precise determinations of lengths and

in the accurate graduation of instruments.</cd></cs>



<hw>Con*tac"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Act of

touching.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Con*ta"gion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>contagio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>contagion</ets>. See

<er>Contact</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The

transmission of a disease from one person to another, by direct

or indirect contact.</def>



<note><hand/ The term has been applied by some to the action of

miasmata arising from dead animal or vegetable matter, bogs,

fens, etc., but in this sense it is now abandoned.</note>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<q>And will he steal out of his wholesome bed

To dare the vile <qex>contagion</qex> of the night?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which serves as a medium or agency to

transmit disease; a virus produced by, or exhalation proceeding

from, a diseased person, and capable of reproducing the

disease.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The act or means of communicating any influence

to the mind or heart; <as>as, the <ex>contagion</ex> of

enthusiasm</as>.</def> \'bdThe <xex>contagion</xex> of

example.\'b8



<au>Eikon Basilike.</au>



<q>When lust . . . 

Lets in defilement to the inward parts,

The soul grows clotted by <qex>contagion</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Venom; poison.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

\'bdI'll touch my point with this <xex>contagion</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Infection</er>.</syn>



<hw>Con*ta"gioned</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Affected

by contagion.</def>



<hw>Con*ta"gion*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who believes in

the contagious character of certain diseases, as of yellow

fever.</def>



<hw>Con*ta"gious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>contagiosus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>contagieux</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Communicable by contact, by a

virus, or by a bodily exhalation; catching; <as>as, a

<ex>contagious</ex> disease</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Conveying or generating disease; pestilential;

poisonous; <as>as, <ex>contagious</ex> air</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Spreading or communicable from one to another;

exciting similar emotions or conduct in others.</def>



<q>His genius rendered his courage more

<qex>contagious</qex>.</q>

<qau>Wirt.</qau>



<q>The spirit of imitation is <qex>contagious</qex>.</q>

<qau>Ames.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Contagious</er>, <er>Infectious</er>.</syn>

<usage> These words have been used in very diverse senses; but,

in general, a <xex>contagious</xex> disease has considered as one

which is caught from another by contact, by the breath, by bodily

effluvia, etc.; while an <xex>infectious</xex> disease supposes

some entirely different cause acting by a hidden influence, like

the miasma of prison ships, of marshes, etc.,

<xex>infecting</xex> the system with disease. \'bdThis

distinction, though not universally admitted by medical men, as

to the literal meaning, of the words, certainly applies to them

in their figurative use. Thus we speak of the

<xex>contagious</xex> influence of evil associates; their

<xex>contagion</xex> of bad example, the <xex>contagion</xex> of

fear, etc., when we refer to transmission by proximity or

contact. On the other hand, we speak of <xex>infection</xex> by

bad principles, etc., when we consider anything as diffused by

some hidden influence.</usage>



<hw>Con*ta"gious*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a contagious

manner.</def>



<hw>Con*ta"gious*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality of being

contagious.</def>



<hw>\'d8Con*ta"gi*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.]</ety> <def>Contagion; contagious matter.</def>

\'bd<xex>Contagium</xex> of measles.\'b8



<au>Tyndall.</au>



<hw>Con*tain"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Contained</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos>

<er>Containing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>contenen</ets>,

<ets>conteinen</ets>, F. <ets>contenir</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>continere</ets>, <ets>-tentum</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> +

<ets>tenere</ets> to hold. See <er>Tenable</er>, and cf.

<er>Countenance</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To hold within

fixed limits; to comprise; to include; to inclose; to hold.</def>



<q>Behold, heaven and the heaven of heavens can not

<qex>contain</qex> thee; how much less this house!</q>

<qau>2 Chron. vi. 18.</qau>



<q>When that this body did <qex>contain</qex> a spirit.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>What thy stores <qex>contain</qex> bring forth.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To have capacity for; to be able to hold; to

hold; to be equivalent to; <as>as, a bushel <ex>contains</ex>

four pecks</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To put constraint upon; to restrain; to confine;

to keep within bounds.</def> <mark>[Obs., exept as used

reflexively.]</mark>



<q>The king's person <qex>contains</qex> the unruly people from

evil occasions.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<q>Fear not, my lord: we can <qex>contain</qex> ourselves.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Con*tain"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To restrain desire; to

live in continence or chastity.</def>



<q>But if they can not <qex>contain</qex>, let them marry.</q>

<qau>1 Cor. vii. 9.</qau>



<hw>Con*tain"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of being contained or comprised.</def>



<au>Boyle.</au>



<hw>Con*tain"ant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

container.</def>



<hw>Con*tain"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, contains.</def>



<hw>Con*tain"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That

which is contained; the extent; the substance.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The <qex>containment</qex> of a rich man's estate.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<hw>Con*tam"i*na*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Capable of being contaminated.</def>



<hw>Con*tam"i*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Contaminated</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos> <er>Contaminating</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>contaminatus</ets>, p.p.

of <ets>contaminare</ets> to bring into contact, to contaminate,

fr. <ets>contamen</ets> contagion, for <ets>contagmen</ets>;

<ets>con-</ets> + root of <ets>tangere</ets> to touch. See

<er>Contact</er>.]</ety> <def>To soil, stain, or corrupt by

contact; to tarnish; to sully; to taint; to pollute; to

defile.</def>



<q>Shall we now

<qex>Contaminate</qex> our figures with base bribes?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>I would neither have simplicity imposed upon, nor virtue

<qex>contaminated</qex>.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To pollute; defile; sully; taint; tarnish; soil;

stain; corrupt.</syn>



<hw>Con*tam"i*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Contaminated; defiled; polluted; tainted.</def>

\'bd<xex>Contaminate</xex> drink.\'b8



<au>Daniel.</au>



<hw>Con*tam`i*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>contaminatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of

contaminating; pollution; defilement; taint; also, that which

contaminates.</def>



<hw>Con*tam"i*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Tending

or liable to contaminate.</def>



<hw>Con*tan"go</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Contangoes</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[Prob. a

corruption of <ets>contingent</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Stock Exchange)</fld> <def>The premium or interest paid by

the buyer to the seller, to be allowed to defer paying for the

stock purchased until the next fortnightly settlement day.</def>

<mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The postponement of payment by

the buyer of stock on the payment of a premium to the seller. See

<er>Backwardation</er>.</def>



<au>N. Biddle.</au>



<hw>Con*tec"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>contegere</ets>, <ets>-tectum</ets>, to cover up.]</ety>

<def>A covering.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Con"tek</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>conteck</ets>, <ets>conteke</ets>, <ets>contake</ets>, perh.

a corruption either of <ets>contact</ets> or

<ets>contest</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Quarrel; contention;

contest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q><qex>Contek</qex> with bloody knife.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>2</hw> <def>Contumely; reproach.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Wyclif.</au>



<hw>Con*temn"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Contemned</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos> <er>Contemning</er> <pr>(?

<or/ ?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>contemnere</ets>,

<ets>-temptum</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>temnere</ets> to

slight, despise: cf. OF. <ets>contemner</ets>.]</ety> <def>To

view or treat with contempt, as mean and despicable; to reject

with disdain; to despise; to scorn.</def>



<q>Thy pompous delicacies I <qex>contemn</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>One who <qex>contemned</qex> divine and human laws.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To despise; scorn; disdain; spurn; slight; neglect;

underrate; overlook.</syn> <usage> -- <er>To Contemn</er>,

<er>Despise</er>, <er>Scorn</er>, <er>Disdain</er>.

<xex>Contemn</xex> is the generic term, and is applied especially

to objects, qualities, etc., which are deemed contemptible, and

but rarely to individuals; to <xex>despise</xex> is to regard or

treat as mean, unbecoming, or worthless; to <xex>scorn</xex> is

stronger, expressing a quick, indignant contempt;

<xex>disdain</xex> is still stronger, denoting either

unwarrantable pride and haughtiness or an abhorrence of what is

base.</usage>



<hw>Con*tem"ner</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>  <def>One

who contemns; a despiser; a scorner.</def>

\'bd<xex>Contemners</xex> of the gods.\'b8



<au>South.</au>



<hw>Con*tem"ning*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>Contemptuously.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Con*tem"per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>contemperare</ets>, <ets>-temperatum</ets>; <ets>con-</ets>

+ <ets>temperare</ets> to temper. Cf.

<er>Contemperate</er>.]</ety> <def>To modify or temper; to allay;

to qualify; to moderate; to soften.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The antidotes . . . have allayed its bitterness and

<qex>contempered</qex> its malignancy.</q>

<qau>Johnson.</qau>



<hw>Con*tem"per*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Contemper</er>.]</ety> <def>To temper; to moderate.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Moisten and <qex>contemperate</qex> the air.</q>

<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>



<hw>Con*tem`per*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of tempering or moderating.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Proportionate mixture or combination.</def>

\'bd<xex>Contemperation</xex> of light and shade.\'b8



<au>Boyle.</au>



<hw>Con*tem"per*a*ture</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> 

<def>The condition of being tempered; proportionate mixture;

temperature.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The different <qex>contemperature</qex> of the elements.</q>

<qau>SDouth.</qau>



<hw>Con*tem"plance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Contemplation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Con*tem"plant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>contemplans</ets>, p.pr.]</ety> <def>Given to contemplation;

meditative.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Coleridge.</au>



<hw>Con"tem*plate</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp & p. p.</pos> <er>Contemplated</er> <pr>(#

<or/ #)</pr>; <pos>p.pr & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Contemplating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>contemplatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>contemplari</ets> to

contemplate; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>templum</ets> a space for

observation marked out by the augur. See <er>Temple</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To look at on all sides or in all its bearings;

to view or consider with continued attention; to regard with

deliberate care; to meditate on; to study.</def>



<q>To love, at least <qex>contemplate</qex> and admire,

What I see excellent.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>

<q>We thus dilate

Our spirits to the size of that they <qex>contemplate</qex>.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To consider or have in view, as contingent or

probable; to look forward to; to purpose; to intend.</def>



<q>There remain some particulars to complete the information

<qex>contemplated</qex> by those resolutions.</q>

<qau>A. Hamilton.</qau>



<q>If a treaty contains any stipulations which

<qex>contemplate</qex> a state of future war.</q>

<qau>Kent.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To view; behold; study; ponder; muse; meditate on;

reflect on; consider; intend; design; plan; propose; purpose. See

<er>Meditate</er>.</syn>



<hw>Con"tem*plate</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To consider or

think studiously; to ponder; to reflect; to muse; to

meditate.</def>



<q>So many hours must I <qex>contemplate</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Con`tem*pla"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>contemplation</ets>, L. <ets>contemplatio</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of the mind in considering with

attention; continued attention of the mind to a particular

subject; meditation; musing; study.</def>



<q>In <qex>contemplation</qex> of created things,

By steps we may ascend to God.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q><qex>Contemplation</qex> is keeping the idea which is brought

into the mind for some time actually in view.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Holy meditation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>To live in prayer and <qex>contemplation</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The act of looking forward to an event as about

to happen; expectation; the act of intending or purposing.</def>



<q>In <qex>contemplation</qex> of returning at an early date, he

left.</q>

<qau>Reid.</qau>



<cs><col>To have in contemplation</col>, <cd>to inted or purpose,

or to have under consideration.</cd></cs>



<hw>Con*tem"pla*tist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

contemplator.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>I. Taylor.</au>



<hw>Con*tem"pla*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>contemplatif</ets>, L. <ets>contemplativus</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Pertaining to contemplation; addicted to, or

employed in, contemplation; meditative.</def>



<q>Fixed and <qex>contemplative</qex> their looks.</q>

<qau>Denham.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having the power of contemplation; <as>as,

<ex>contemplative</ex> faculties</as>.</def>



<au>Ray.</au>



<hw>Con*tem"pla*tive</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>

<def>A religious or either sex devoted to prayer and meditation,

rather than to active works of charity.</def>



<hw>Con*tem"pla*tive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With

contemplation; in a contemplative manner.</def>



<hw>Con*tem"pla*tive*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of

being contemplative; thoughtfulness.</def>



<hw>Con"tem*pla`tor</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who contemplates.</def>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Con*tem`po*ra*ne"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>The state of being contemporaneous.</def>



<q>The lines of <qex>contemporaneity</qex> in the o\'94litic

system.</q>

<qau>J. Philips.</qau>



<hw>Con*tem`po*ra"ne*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>contemporaneus</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> +

<ets>tempus</ets> time. See <er>Temporal</er>, and cf.

<er>Contemporaneous</er>.]</ety> <def>Living, existing, or

occurring at the same time; contemporary.</def>



<q>The great age of Jewish philosophy, that of Aben Esra,

Maimonides, and Kimchi, had been <qex>contemporaneous</qex> with

the later Spanish school of Arabic philosophy.</q>

<qau>Milman</qau>



- <wordforms><wf>Con*tem`po*ra"ne*ous*ness</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Con*tem`po*ra"ne*ous*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>At the

same time with some other event.</def>



<hw>Con*tem"po*ra*ri*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Existence at the same time; contemporaneousness.</def>



<au>Howell.</au>



<hw>Con*tem"po*ra*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>con-</ets> + L. <ets>temporarius</ets> of belonging to time,

<ets>tempus</ets> time. See <er>Temporal</er>, and cf.

<er>Contemporaneous</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Living,

occuring, or existing, at the same time; done in, or belonging

to, the same times; contemporaneous.</def>



<q>This king [Henry VIII.] was <qex>contemporary</qex> with the

greatest monarchs of Europe.</q>

<qau>Strype.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of the same age; coeval.</def>



<q>A grove born with himself he sees,

And loves his old <qex>contemporary</qex> trees.</q>

<qau>Cowley.</qau>



<hw>Con*tem"po*ra*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Contemporaries</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> One who lives at

the same time with another; <as>as, Petrarch and Chaucer were

<ex>contemporaries</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Con*tempt"</hw> <pr>(?; 215)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>contemptus</ets>, fr. <ets>contemnere</ets>: cf. OF.

<ets>contempt</ets>. See <er>Contemn</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of contemning or despising; the feeling with which

one regards that which is esteement mean, vile, or worthless;

disdain; scorn.</def>



<q>Criminal <qex>contempt</qex> of public feeling.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<q>Nothing, says Longinus, can be great, the <qex>contempt</qex>

of which is great.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being despised; disgrace;

shame.</def>



<q><qex>Contempt</qex> and begarry hangs upon thy back.</q>

<qau>Shaks.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An act or expression denoting contempt.</def>



<q>Little insults and <qex>contempts</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spectator.</qau>



<q>The <qex>contempt</qex> and anger of his lip.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Disobedience of the rules,

orders, or process of a court of justice, or of rules or orders

of a legislative body; disorderly, contemptuous, or insolent

language or behavior in presence of a court, tending to disturb

its proceedings, or impair the respect due to its

authority.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Contempt</xex> is in some jurisdictions

extended so as to include publications reflecting injuriously on

a court of justice, or commenting unfairly on pending

proceedings; in other jurisdictions the courts are prohibited by

statute or by the constitution from thus exercising this

process.</note>



<syn>Syn. -- Disdain; scorn; derision; mockery; contumely;

neglect; disregard; slight.</syn>



<hw>Con*tempt`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>The quality of being contemptible; contemptibleness.</def>



<au>Speed.</au>



<hw>Con*tempt"i*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Worthy of contempt; deserving of scorn or disdain; mean;

vile; despicable.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<q>The arguments of tyranny are as<qex>contemptible</qex> as its

force is dreadful.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Despised; scorned; neglected; abject.</def>



<au>Locke.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Insolent; scornful; contemptuous.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>If she should make tender of her love, 't is very possible he

'll scorn it; for the man . . . hath a <qex>contemptible</qex>

spirit.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Despicable; abject; vile; mean; base; paltry;

worthless; sorry; pitiful; scurrile.</syn> <usage> See

<er>Contemptuous</er>. -- <er>Contemptible</er>,

<er>Despicable</er>, <er>Pitiful</er>, <er>Paltry</er>.

<xex>Despicable</xex> is stronger than <xex>contemptible</xex>,

as <xex>despise</xex> is stronger than <xex>contemn</xex>. It

implies keen disapprobation, with a mixture of anger. A man is

<xex>despicable</xex> chiefly for low actions which mark his

life, such as servility, baseness, or mean adulation. A man is

<xex>contemptible</xex> for mean qualities which distinguish his

character, especially those which show him to be weak, foolish,

or worthless. Treachery is <xex>despicable</xex>, egotism is

<xex>contemptible</xex>. <xex>Pitiful</xex> and <xex>paltry</xex>

are applied to cases which are beneath anger, and are simply

<xex>contemptible</xex> in a high degree.</usage>



<hw>Con*tempt"i*ble*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or

quality of being contemptible, or of being despised.</def>



<hw>Con*tempt"i*bly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a contemptible

manner.</def>



<hw>Con*temp"tu*ous</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> 

<def>Manifecting or expressing contempt or disdain; scornful;

haughty; insolent; disdainful.</def>



<q>A proud, <qex>contemptious</qex> behavior.</q>

<qau>Hammond.</qau>



<q>Savage invectiveand <qex>contemptuous</qex> sarcasm.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<q>Rome . . . entertained the most <qex>contemptuous</qex>

opinion of the Jews.</q>

<qau>Atterbury.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Scornful; insolent; haughty; disdainful;

supercilious; insulting; contumelious.</syn> <usage> --

<er>Contemptuous</er>, <er>Contemptible</er>. These words, from

their similarity of sound, are sometimes erroneously

interchanged, as when a person speaks of having \'bda very

<xex>contemptible</xex> opinion of another.\'b8

<xex>Contemptible</xex> is applied to that which is the object of

contempt; as, <xex>contemptible</xex> conduct;

a<xex>contemptible</xex> fellow. <xex>Contemptuous</xex> is

applied to that which indicates contempts; as, a

<xex>contemptuous</xex> look; a <xex>contemptuous</xex> remark;

<xex>contemptuous</xex> treatment. A person, or whatever is

personal, as an action, an expression, a feeling, an opinion, may

be either <xex>contemptuous</xex> or <xex>contemptible</xex>; a

thing may be <xex>contemptible</xex>, but can not be

<xex>contemptuous</xex>.</usage>



<hw>Con*temp"tu*ous*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

contemptuous manner; with scorn or disdain; despitefully.</def>



<q>The apostles and most eminent Christians were poor, and used

<qex>contemptuously</qex>.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<hw>Con*temp"tu*ous*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Disposition to

or manifestion of contempt; insolence; haughtiness.</def>



<hw>Con*tend"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Contended</er>; <pos>p.pr.

& vb.n.</pos> <er>Contending</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF.

<ets>contendre</ets>, L. <ets>contendere</ets>,

<ets>-tentum</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>tendere</ets> to

strech. See <er>Tend</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To strive in

opposition; to contest; to dispute; to vie; to quarrel; to

fight.</def>



<q>For never two such kingdoms did <qex>content</qex>

Without much fall of blood.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>The Lord said unto me, Distress not the Moabites, neither

<qex>contend</qex> with them in battle.</q>

<qau>Deut. ii. 9.</qau>



<q>In ambitious strength I did

<qex>Contend</qex> against thy valor.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To struggle or exert one's self to obtain or

retain possession of, or to defend.</def>



<q>You sit above, and see vain men below

<qex>Contend</qex> for what you only can bestow.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To strive in debate; to engage in discussion; to

dispute; to argue.</def>



<q>The question which our author would <qex>contend</qex>

for.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<q>Many things he fiercely <qex>contended</qex> about were

trivial.</q>

<qau>Dr. H. More.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To struggle; fight; combat; vie; strive; oppose;

emulate; contest; litigate; dispute; debate.</syn>



<hw>Con*tend"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To struggle for; to

contest.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Carthage shall <qex>contend</qex> the world with

Rome.Dryden.</q>



<hw>Con*tend"ent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>contendens</ets>, p.pr.]</ety> <def>n antagonist; a

contestant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>In all notable changes and revolutions the

<qex>contendents</qex> have been still made a prey to the third

party.</q>

<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>



<hw>Con*tend"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

contends; a contestant.</def>



<hw>Con*tend"ress</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A female

contestant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Con*ten"e*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>con-</ets> + <ets>tenemnt</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld>

<def>That which is held together with another thing; that which

is connected with a tenetment, or thing holden, as a certin

quantity of land a<?/jacent to a dwelling, and necessary to the

reputable enjoyment of the dwelling; appurtenance.</def>



<au>Burrill.</au>



<hw>Con*tent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>content</ets>, fr. L. <ets>contentus</ets>, p.p. of

contenire to hold together, restrain. See

<er>Contain</er>.]</ety> <def>Contained within limits; hence,

having the desires limited by that which one has; not disposed to

repine or grumble; satisfied; contented; at rest.</def>



<q>Having food rainment, let us be therewith

<qex>content</qex>.</q>

<qau>1 Tim. vi. 8.</qau>



<hw>Con"tent</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<xex>usually in pl</xex>., <plw>Contents</plw>. <sn>1.</sn>

<def>That which is contained; the thing or things held by a

receptacle or included within specified limits; <as>as, the

<ex>contents</ex> of a cask or bale or of a room; the

<ex>contents</ex> of a book.</as></def>



<q>I shall prove these writings . . . authentic, and the

<qex>contents</qex> true, and worthy of a divine original.</q>

<qau>Grew.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Power of containing; capacity; extent;

size.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Strong ship's, of great <qex>content</qex>.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>Area or quantity of space or

matter contained within certain limits; <as>as, solid

<ex>contents</ex>; superficial <ex>contents</ex>.</as></def>



<q>The geometrical <qex>content</qex>, figure, and situation of

all the lands of a kingdom.</q>

<qau>Graunt.</qau>



<cs><mcol><col>Table of contents</col>, <or/

<col>Contents</col></mcol>, <cd>a table or list of topics in a

book, showing their order and the place where they may be found:

a summary.</cd></cs>



<hw>Con*tent"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>contenter</ets>, LL. <ets>contentare</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>contentus</ets>, p.p. See <er>Content</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To satisfy the desires of;

to make easy in any situation; to appease or quiet; to gratify;

to please.</def>



<q>Do not <qex>content</qex> yourselves with obscure and confused

ideas, where clearer are to be attained.</q>

<qau>I. Watts.</qau>



<q>Pilate, willing to <qex>content</qex> the people, released

Barabbas unto them.</q>

<qau>Mark xv. 15.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To satisfy the expectations of; to pay; to

requite.</def>



<q>Come the next Sabbath, and I will <qex>content</qex> you.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To satisfy; appease; plese. See

<er>Satiate</er>.</syn>



<hw>Con*tent"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Rest or

quietness of the mind in one's present condition; freedom from

discontent; satisfaction; contentment; moderate happiness.</def>



<q>Such is the fullness of my heart's <qex>content</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Acquiescence without examination.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The sense they humbly take upon <qex>content</qex>.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which contents or satisfies; that which if

attained would make one happy.</def>



<q>So will I in England work your grace's full

<qex>content</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Eng. House of Lords)</fld> <def>An expression

of assent to a bill or motion; an affirmate vote; also, a member

who votes \'bdContent.\'b8.</def>



<q>Supposing the number of \'bd<qex>Contents</qex>\'b8 and

\'bdNot contents\'b8 strictly equal in number and

consequence.Burke.</q>



<hw>Con`ten*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>contentatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Content; satisfaction.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Con*tent"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Content;

easy in mind; satisfied; quiet; willing.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Con*tent"ed*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Con*tent"ed*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Con*tent"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of

content.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Barrow.</au>



<hw>Con*ten"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>contention</ets>, L. <ets>contentio</ets>. See

<er>Contend</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A violent effort or

struggle to obtain, or to resist, something; contest;

strife.</def>



<q>I would my ar<?/s could match thee in

<qex>contenion</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Strife in words; controversy; altercation

quarrel; dispute; <as>as, a bone of

<ex>contention</ex></as>.</def>



<q><qex>Contentions</qex> and strivings about the law.</q>

<qau>Titus iii. 9.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Vehemence of endeavor; eagerness; ardor;

zeal.</def>



<q>An end . . . worthy our utmost <qex>contenion</qex> to

obtain.</q>

<qau>Rogers.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A point maintained in an argument, or a line of

argument taken in its support; the subject matter of discussion

of strife; a position taken or contended for.</def>



<q>All men seem agreed what is to be done; the

<qex>contention</qex> is how the subject is to be divided and

defined.</q>

<qau>Bagehot.</qau>



<q>This was my original <qex>contention</qex>, and I still

maintain that you should abide by your former decision.</q>

<qau>Jowett.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Struggle; strife; contest; quarrel; combat;

conflict; feud; litigation; controversy; dissension; variance;

disagreement; debate; competition; emulation.</syn> <usage> --

<er>Contention</er>, <er>Strife</er>. A struggle between two

parties is the idea common to these two words. <xex>Strife</xex>

is a struggle for mastery; <xex>contention</xex> is a struggle

for the possession of some desired object, or the accomplishment

of some favorite end. Neither of the words is necessairly used in

a bad sense, since there may be a generous <xex>strife</xex> or

<xex>contention</xex> between two friends as to which shall incur

danger or submit to sacrifices. Ordinarily, however, these words

denote a struggle arising from bad passions. In that case,

<xex>strife</xex> usually springs from a quarrelsome temper, and

<xex>contention</xex> from, a selfish spirit which seeks its own

aggrandizement, or is fearful lest others should obtain too such.

<xex>Strife</xex> has more reference to the manner than to the

object of a struggle, while <xex>contention</xex> takes more

account of the end to be gained.</usage>



<hw>Con*ten"tious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>contentiosus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>contentieux</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Fond of contention; given to angry debate;

provoking dispute or contention; quarrelsome.</def>



<q>Despotic and <qex>contentious</qex> temper.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Relating to contention or strife; involving or

characterized by contention.</def>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<q>More cheerfull; though not less <qex>contentious</qex>,

regions.</q>

<qau>Brougham.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Contested; litigated;

litigious; having power to decide controversy.</def>



<cs><col>Contentious jurisdiction</col> <fld>(Eng. Eccl.

Law)</fld>, <cd>jurisdiction over matters in controversy between

parties, in contradistinction to <xex>voluntary

jurisdiction<xex>, or that exercised upon matters not opposed or

controverted.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Quarrelsome; pugnacious; dissentious; wrangling;

litigious; perverse; peevish.</syn>



- <wordforms><wf>Con*ten"tious*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Con*ten"tious*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Con*tent"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Content</ets> + <ets>-less</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Discontented; dissatisfied.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Con*tent"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a contented

manner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<-- p. 313 -->



<hw>Con*tent"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>contentement</ets>. See <er>Content</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The state of being contented or

satisfied; content.</def>



<q><qex>Contentment</qex> without external honor is humility.</q>

<qau>Grew.</qau>



<q>Godliness with <qex>contentment</qex> is great gain.</q>

<qau>1 Tim. vi. 6.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act or process of contenting or satisfying;

<as>as, the <ex>contentment</ex> of avarice is

impossible</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Gratification; pleasure; satisfaction.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>At Paris the prince spent one whole day to give his mind some

<qex>contentment</qex> in viewing of a famous city.</q>

<qau>Sir H. Wotton.</qau>



<hw>Con*tents</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> 

<def>See <er>Content</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def>



<hw>Con*ter"mi*na*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Having the same bounds; terminating at the same time or

place; conterminous.</def>



<q>Love and life not <qex>conterminable</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir H. Wotton.</qau>



<hw>Con*ter"mi*nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>conterminalis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Conterminous.</def>



<hw>Con*ter"mi*nant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

the same limits; ending at the same time; conterminous.</def>



<au>Lamb.</au>



<hw>Con*ter"mi*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conterminare</ets> to border upon, fr.

<ets>conterminus</ets> conterminous; <ets>con-</ets> +

<ets>terminus</ets> border.]</ety> <def>Having the same bounds;

conterminous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Con*ter"mi*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conterminus</ets>.  Cf. <er>Conterminous</er>.]</ety>

<def>Having the same bounds, or limits; bordering upon;

contiguous.</def>



<q>This conformed so many of them as were <qex>conterminous</qex>

to the colonies and garrisons, to the Roman laws.</q>

<qau>Sir M. Hale.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Con`ter*ra"ne*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Con`ter*ra"ne*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>conterraneus</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> +

<ets>terra</ets> country.]</ety> <def>Of or belonging to the same

country.</def>



<au>Howell.</au>



<hw>Con*tes`ser*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>contesseratio</ets>, from <ets>contesserare</ets> to

contract friendship by means of the <ets>tesserae</ets>

(friendship tokens).]</ety> <def>An assemblage; a collection;

harmonious union.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>That person of his [George Herbert], which afforded so unusual

a <qex>contesseration</qex> of elegancies.</q>

<qau>Oley.</qau>



<hw>Con*test"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Contested</er>; <pos>p.pr. 

& vb.n.</pos> <er>Contesting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.

<ets>contester</ets>, fr. L. <ets>contestari</ets> to call to

witness, <ets>contestari litem</ets> to introduce a lawsuit by

calling witnesses, to bring an action; <ets>con-</ets> +

<ets>testari</ets> to be a witness, <ets>testic</ets> witness.

See <er>Testify</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make a subject

of dispute, contention, litigation, or emulation; to contend for;

to call in question; to controvert; to oppose; to dispute.</def>



<q>The people . . . <qex>contested</qex> not what was done.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<q>Few philosophical aphorisms have been more frequenty repeated,

few more <qex>contested</qex> than this.</q>

<qau>J. D. Morell.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To strive earnestly to hold or maintain; to

struggle to defend; <as>as, the troops <ex>contested</ex> every

inch of ground</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To make a subject of

litigation; to defend, as a suit; to dispute or resist; as a

claim, by course of law; to controvert.</def>



<cs><col>To contest an election</col>. <fld>(Polit.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To strive to be elected.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd>

<cd>To dispute the declared result of an election.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- To dispute; controvert; debate; litigate; oppose;

argue; contend.</syn>



<hw>Con*test"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To engage in

contention, or emulation; to contend; to strive; to vie; to

emulate; -- followed usually by <xex>with</xex>.</def>



<q>The difficulty of an argument adds to the pleasure of

<qex>contesting</qex> with in, when there are hopes of

victory.</q>

<qau>Bp. Burnet.</qau>



<q>Of man, who dares in pomp with Jove <qex>contest</qex>?</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<hw>Con"test</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Earnest dispute; strife in argument; controversy; debate;

altercation.</def>



<q>Leave all noisy <qex>contest</qex>s, all immodest clamors and

brawling language.</q>

<qau>I. Watts.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Earnest struggle for superiority, victory,

defense, etc.; competition; emulation; strife in arms; conflict;

combat; encounter.</def>



<q>The late battle had, in effect, been a <qex>contest</qex>

between one usurper and another.</q>

<qau>Hallam.</qau>



<q>It was fully expected that the <qex>contest</qex> there would

be long and fierce.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Conflict; combat; battle; encounter; shock;

struggle; dispute; altercation; debate; controvesy; difference;

disagreement; strife.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Contest</er>,

<er>Conflict</er>, <er>Combat</er>, <er>Encounter</er>.

<xex>Contest</xex> is the broadest term, and had originally no

reference to actual fighting. It was, on the contrary, a legal

term signifying to <xex>call witnesses</xex>, and hence came to

denote first a struggle in argument, and then a struggle for some

common object between opposing parties, usually one of

considerable duration, and implying successive stages or acts.

<xex>Conflict</xex> denotes literally a close personal

engagement, in which sense it is applied to actual fighting. It

is, however, more commonly used in a figurative sense to denote

strenuous or direct opposition; as, a mental <xex>conflict</xex>;

<xex>conflicting</xex> interests or passions; a

<xex>conflict</xex> of laws. An <xex>encounter</xex> is a direct

meeting face to face. Usually it is a hostile meeting, and is

then very nearly coincident with <xex>conflict</xex>; as, an

<xex>encounter</xex> of opposing hosts. Sometimes it is used in a

looser sense; as, \'bdthis keen <xex>encounter</xex> of our

wits.\'b8 <au>Shak.</au> <xex>Combat</xex> is commonly applied to

actual fighting, but may be used figuratively in reference to a

strife or words or a struggle of feeling.</usage>



<hw>Con*test"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>contestable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being contested;

debatable.</def>



<hw>Con*test"ant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>contestant</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who contests; an opponent;

a litigant; a disputant; one who claims that which has been

awarded to another.</def>



<hw>Con`tes*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>contestatio</ets> testimony: cf. F. <ets>contestation</ets>

a contesting.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of contesting;

emulation; rivalry; strife; dispute.</def> \'bdLoverlike

<xex>contestation</xex>.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<q>After years spent in domestic, unsociable

<qex>contestations</qex>, she found means to withdraw.</q>

<qau>Clarendon.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Proof by witness; attestation; testimony.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A solemn <qex>contestation</qex> ratified on the part of

God.</q>

<qau>Barrow.</qau>



<hw>Con*test"ing*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

contending manner.</def>



<hw>Con*tex</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

context.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Boyle.</au>



<hw>Con*text"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>contextus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>contexere</ets> to weave, to

unite; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>texere</ets> to weave. See

<er>Text</er>.]</ety> <def>Knit or woven together; close;

firm.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The coats, without, are <qex>context</qex> and callous.</q>

<qau>Derham.</qau>



<hw>Con"text</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>contextus</ets>; cf. F. <ets>contexte</ets> .]</ety>

<def>The part or parts of something written or printed, as of

Scripture, which precede or follow a text or quoted sentence, or

are so intimately associated with it as to throw light upon its

meaning.</def>



<q>According to all the light that the <qex>contexts</qex>

afford.</q>

<qau>Sharp.</qau>



<hw>Con*text"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To knit or

bind together; to unite closely.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Feltham.</au>



<q>The whole world's frame, which is <qex>contexted</qex> only by

commerce and contracts.</q>

<qau>R. Junius.</qau>



<hw>Con*tex"tur*al</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> 

<def>Pertaining to contexture or arrangement of parts; producing

contexture; interwoven.</def>



<au>Dr. John Smith (1666).</au>



<hw>Con*tex"ture</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>contexture</ets>.]</ety> <def>The arrangement and union

of the constituent parts of a thing; a weaving together of parts;

structural character of a thing; system; constitution;

texture.</def>



<q>That wonderful <qex>contexture</qex> of all created

beings.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>He was not of any delicate <qex>contexture</qex>; his limbs

rather sturdy than dainty.</q>

<qau>Sir H. Wotton.</qau>



<hw>Con*tex"tured</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Formed into texture; woven together; arranged;

composed.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Carlyle.</au>



<hw>Con"ti*cent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conticens</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>conticere</ets>;

<ets>con-</ets> + <ets>tacere</ets> to be silent.]</ety>

<def>Silent.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdThe guests sit

<xex>conticent</xex>.\'b8



<au>Thackeray.</au>



<hw>Con`tig*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>contignatio</ets>, fr. <ets>contignare</ets> to join with

beams; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>tignum</ets> beam.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or process of framing together, or

uniting, as beams in a fabric.</def>



<au>Burke.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A framework or fabric, as of beams.</def>



<au>Sir H. Wotton.</au>



<hw>Con*tig"u*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>contiguatus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Contiguous; touching.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Holland.</au>



<hw>Con`ti*gu"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>contiguit<?/</ets>, LL. <ets>contiguitas</ets>.]</ety>

<def>The state of being contiguous; intimate association;

nearness; proximity.</def>



<q>The convicinity and <qex>contiguity</qex> of the two

parishes.</q>

<qau>T. Warton.</qau>



<hw>Con*tig"u*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>contiguus</ets>; akin to <ets>contigere</ets> to touch on

all sides. See <er>Contingent</er>.]</ety> <def>In actual

contact; touching; also, adjacent; near; neighboring;

adjoining.</def>



<q>The two halves of the paper did not appear fully divided . . .

but seemed <qex>contiguous</qex> at one of their angles.</q>

<qau>Sir I. Newton.</qau>



<q>Sees no <qex>contiguous</qex> palace rear its head.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<cs><col>Contiguous angles</col>. <cd>See <cref>Adjacent

angles</cref>, under <er>Angle</er>.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Adjoining; adjacent. See <er>Adjacent</er>.</syn>



- <wordforms><wf>Con*tig"u*ous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Con*tig"u*ous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<mhw>{ <hw>Con"ti*nence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Con"ti*nen*cy</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>continence</ets>, L. <ets>continentia</ets>. See

<er>Continent</er>, and cf. <er>Countenance</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Self-restraint; self-command.</def>



<q>He knew what to say; he knew also, when to leave off, -- a

<qex>continence</qex> which is practiced by few writers.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The restraint which a person imposes upon his

desires and passions; the act or power of refraining from

indulgence of the sexual appetite, esp. from unlawful indulgence;

sometimes, moderation in sexual indulgence.</def>



<q>If they [the unmarried and widows] have not

<qex>continency</qex>, let them marry.</q>

<qau>1 Cor. vii. 9 (Rev. Ver. ).</qau>



<q>Chastity is either abstinence or <qex>continence</qex>:

abstinence is that of virgins or widows; <qex>continence</qex>,

that of married persons.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Uninterrupted course; continuity.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Ayliffe.</au>



<hw>Con"ti*nent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>continens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, prop., p. pr. of

<ets>continere</ets> to hold together, to repress: cf. F.

<ets>continent</ets>. See <er>Contain</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Serving to restrain or limit; restraining; opposing.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Exercising restraint as to the indulgence of

desires or passions; temperate; moderate.</def>



<q>Have a <qex>continent</qex> forbearance till the speed of his

rage goes slower.</q>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Abstaining from sexual intercourse; exercising

restraint upon the sexual appetite; esp., abstaining from illicit

sexual intercourse; chaste.</def>



<q>My past life</q>



<q>Hath been as <qex>continent</qex>, as chaste, as true,</q>



<q>As I am now unhappy.</q>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Not interrupted; connected; continuous; <as>as,

a <ex>continent</ex> fever</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The northeast part of Asia is, if not <qex>continent</qex>

with the west side of America, yet certainly it is the least

disoined by sea of all that coast.</q>

<qau>Berrewood.</qau>



<hw>Con"ti*nent</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>continens</ets>, prop., a holding together: cf. F.

<ets>continent</ets>. See <er>Continent</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which contains

anything; a receptacle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The smaller <qex>continent</qex> which we call a pipkin.</q>

<qau>Bp. Kennet.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One of the grand divisions of land on the globe;

the main land; specifically <fld>(Phys. Geog.)</fld>, a large

body of land differing from an island, not merely in its size,

but in its structure, which is that of a large basin bordered by

mountain chains; <as>as, the <ex>continent</ex> of North

America</as>.</def>



<note><hand/ The <xex>continents</xex> are now usually regarded

as six in number: North America, South America, Europe, Asia,

Africa, and Australia. But other large bodies of land are also

reffered to as continents; as, the Antarctic

<xex>continent</xex>; the <xex>continent</xex> of Greenland.

Europe, Asia, and Africa are often grouped together as the

<xex>Eastern Continent</xex>, and North and South America as the

<xex>Western Continent</xex>.</note>



<cs><col>The Continent</col>, <cd>the main land of Europe, as

distinguished from the islands, especially from

England.</cd></cs>



<hw>Con`ti*nen"tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Of or pertaining to a continent.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the main land of Europe, in

distinction from the adjacent islands, especially England;

<as>as, a <ex>continental</ex> tour; a <ex>continental</ex>

coalition.</as></def>



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<q>No former king had involved himself so frequently in the

labyrinth of <qex>continental</qex> alliances.</q>



<au>Hallam.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Amer. Hist.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the

confederated colonies collectively, in the time of the

Revolutionary War; <as>as, <ex>Continental</ex> money</as>.</def>



<q>The army before Boston was designated as the

<qex>Continental</qex> army, in contradistinction to that under

General Gage, which was called the \'bdMinisterial army.\'b8</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<cs><col>Continental Congress</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Congress</er>.</cd> -- <col>Continental system</col>

<fld>(Hist.)</fld>, <cd>the blockade of Great Britain ordered by

Napoleon by the decree of Berlin, Nov. 21, 1806; the object being

to strike a blow at the maritime and commercial supremacy of

Great Britain, by cutting her off from all intercourse with the

continent of Europe.</cd></cs>



<hw>Con`ti*nen"tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Amer.

Hist.)</fld> <def>A soldier in the Continental army, or a piece

of the Continental currency. See <er>Continental</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>, 3.</def>



<-- "Not worth a continental." [said of Continental currency

after the American revolution] -->



<hw>Con"ti*nent*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

continent manner; chastely; moderately; temperately.</def>



<hw>Con*tin"gence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Contingency</er>.</def>



<hw>Con*tin"gen*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n</pos>,; <plu>pl.

<plw>Contingencies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>contingence</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Union or

connection; the state of touching or contact.</def> \'bdPoint of

<xex>contingency</xex>.\'b8



<au>J. Gregory.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The quality or state of being contingent or

casual; the possibility of coming to pass.</def>



<q>Aristotle says we are not to build certain rules on the

<qex>contingency</qex> of human actions.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An event which may or may not occur; that which

is possible or probable; a fortuitous event; a chance.</def>



<q>The remarkable position of the queen rendering her death a

most important <qex>contingency</qex>.</q>

<qau>Hallam.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>An adjunct or accessory.</def>



<au>Wordsworth.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A certain possible event that

may or may not happen, by which, when happening, some particular

title may be affected.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Casualty; accident; chance.</syn>



<hw>Con*tin"gent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>contingens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p.pr. of

<ets>contingere</ets> to touch on all sides, to happen;

<ets>con-</ets> + <ets>tangere</ets> to touch: cf. F.

<ets>contingent</ets>. See <er>Tangent</er>,

<er>Tact</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Possible, or liable, but

not certain, to occur; incidental; casual.</def>



<q>Weighing so much actual crime against so much

<qex>contingent</qex> advantage.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Dependent on that which is undetermined or

unknown; <as>as, the success of his undertaking is

<ex>contingent</ex> upon events which he can not

control</as>.</def> \'bdUncertain and <xex>contingent</xex>

causes.\'b8



<au>Tillotson.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Dependent for effect on

something that may or may not occur; <as>as, a

<ex>contingent</ex> estate</as>.</def>



<q>If a <qex>contingent</qex> legacy be left to any one when he

attains, or if he attains, the age of twenty-one.</q>

<qau>Blackstone.</qau>



<hw>Con*tin"gent</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An event

which may or may not happen; that which is unforeseen,

undetermined, or dependent on something future; a

contingency.</def>



<q>His understanding could almost pierce into future

<qex>contingets</qex>.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which falls to one in a division or

apportionment among a number; a suitable share; proportion; esp.,

a quota of troops.</def>



<q>From the Alps to the border of Flanders,

<qex>contingents</qex> were required . . . 200,000 men were in

arms.</q>

<qau>Milman.</qau>



<hw>Con*tin"gent*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a contingent

manner; without design or foresight; accidentally.</def>



<hw>Con*tin"gent*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being

contingent; fortuitousness.</def>



<hw>Con*tin"u*a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of being continued</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Con*tin"u*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>continuel</ets>, F. <ets>continuel</ets>. See

<er>Continue</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Proceeding without

interruption or cesstaion; continuous; unceasing; lasting;

abiding.</def>



<q>He that is of a merry heart hath a <qex>continual</qex>

feast.</q>

<qau>Prov. xv. 15.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Occuring in steady and rapid succession; very

frequent; often repeated.</def>



<q>The eye is deligh by a <qex>continental</qex> succession of

small landscapes.</q>

<qau>W. Irwing.</qau>



<cs><col>Continual proportionals</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>,

<cd>quantities in continued proportion.</cd></cs>



<au>Brande & C.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Constant; prepetual; incessant; unceasing;

uninterrupted; unintermitted; continuous. See <er>Constant</er>,

and <er>Continuous</er>.</syn>



<hw>Con*tin"u*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Without cessation; unceasingly; continuously; <as>as, the

current flows <ex>continually</ex></as>.</def>



<q>Why do not all animals <qex>continually</qex> increase in

bigness?</q>

<qau>Bentley.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In regular or repeated succession; very

often.</def>



<q>Thou shalt eat bread at my table <qex>continually</qex>.</q>

<qau>2 Sam. ix. 7.</qau>



<hw>Con*tin"u*ance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>continuance</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A holding on, or

remaining in a particular state; permanence, as of condition,

habits, abode, etc.; perseverance; constancy; duration;

stay.</def>



<q>Great plagues, and of long <qex>continuence</qex>.</q>

<qau>Deut. xxviii. 59.</qau>



<q>Patient <qex>continuance</qex> i well-doing.</q>

<qau>Rom. ii. 7.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Uninterrupted succession; continuation; constant

renewell; perpetuation; propagation.</def>



<q>The brute immedistely regards his own preservation or the

<qex>continuance</qex> of his species.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A holding together; continuity.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The adjournment of

the proceedings in a cause from one day, or from one stated term

of a court, to another.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The entry of such

adjuornment and the grounds thereof on the record.</def>



<hw>Con*tin"u*ant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Continuing; prolonged; sustained; <as>as, a

<ex>continuant</ex> sound</as>.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> 

<def>A continuant sound; a letter whose sound may be

prolonged.</def></def2>



<hw>Con*tin"u*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>continuatus</ets>, p.p. See <er>Continue</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Immediately united together; intimately

connocted.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>We are of Him and in Him, even as though our very flesh and

bones should be made <qex>continuate</qex> with his.</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<-- p. 314 -->



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Uninterrupted; unbroken; continual;

continued.</def>



<q>An untirable and <qex>continuate</qex> goodness.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Con*tin`u*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>continuatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>connuation</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>That act or state of continuing; the state of

being continued; uninterrupted extension or succession;

prolongation; propagation.</def>



<q>Preventing the <qex>continuation</qex> of the royal line.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which extends, increases, supplements, or

carries on; <as>as, the <ex>continuation</ex> of a

story</as>.</def>



<q>My <qex>continuation</qex> of the version of Statius.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<hw>Con*tin"u*a*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>continuatif</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Logic)</fld>

<def>A term or expression denoting continuance.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>To these may be added <qex>continuatives</qex>; as, Rome

remains to this day; which includes, at least, two propositions,

viz., Rome was, and Rome is.</q>

<qau>I. Watts.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A word that continues the

connection of sentences or subjects; a connective; a

conjunction.</def>



<q><qex>Continuatives</qex> . . . consolidate sentences into one

continuous whole.</q>

<qau>Harris.</qau>



<hw>Con*tin"u*a`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>continuateur</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which,

continues; esp., one who continues a series or a work; a

continuer.</def>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Con*tin"ue</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Continued</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos>

<er>Continuing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>continuer</ets>,

L. <ets>continuare</ets>, <ets>-tinuatum</ets>, to connect,

continue, fr. <ets>continuus</ets>. See <er>Continuous</er>, and

cf. <er>Continuate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To remain ina

given place or condition; to remain in connection with; to abide;

to stay.</def>



<q>Here to <qex>continue</qex>, and build up here

A growing empire.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>They <qex>continue</qex> with me now three days, and have

nothing to eat.</q>

<qau>Matt. xv. 32.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be permanent or durable; to endure; to

last.</def>



<q>But now thy kingdom shall not <qex>continue</qex>.</q>

<qau>1 Sam. xiii. 14.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To be steadfast or constant in any course; to

persevere; to abide; to endure; to persist; to keep up or

maintain a particular condition, course, or series of actions;

<as>as, the army <ex>continued</ex> to advance</as>.</def>



<q>If ye <qex>continue</qex> in my word, then are ye my disciples

indeed.</q>

<qau>John viii. 31.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To persevere; persist. See <er>Persevere</er>.</syn>



<hw>Con*tin"ue</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To unite;

to connect.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>the use of the navel is to <qex>continue</qex> the infant unto

the mother.</q>

<qau>Sir T. browne.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To protract or extend in duration; to preserve

or persist in; to cease not.</def>



<q>O <qex>continue</qex> thy loving kindness unto them that know

thee.</q>

<qau>Ps. xxxvi. 10.</qau>



<q>You know how to make yourself happy by only

<qex>continuing</qex> such a life as you have been long acustomed

to lead.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To carry onward or extend; to prolong or

produce; to add to or draw out in length.</def>



<q>A bridge of wond'rous length,

From hell <qex>continued</qex>, reaching th' utmost orb

of this frall world.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To retain; to suffer or cause to remain; <as>as,

the trustees were <ex>continued</ex></as>; also, to suffer to

live.</def>



<q>And how shall we <qex>continue</qex> Claudio.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Con*tin"ued</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p.p. & a.</pos>

<def>Having extension of time, space, order of events, exertion

of energy, etc.; extended; protacted; uninterrupted; also,

resumed after interruption; extending through a succession of

issues, session, etc.; <as>as, a <ex>continued</ex>

story</as>.</def> \'bd<xex>Continued</xex> woe.\'b8

<au>Jenyns.</au> \'bd<xex>Continued</xex> succession.\'b8

<au>Locke.</au>



<cs><col>Continued bass</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a bass

continued through an entire piece of music, while the other parts

of the harmony are indicated by figures beneath the bass; the

same as <xex>thorough bass</xex> or <xex>figured bass</xex>;

basso continuo.</cd> [It.] -- <col>Continued fever</col>

<fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a fever which presents no interruption in

its course.</cd> -- <col>Continued fraction</col>

<fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>a fraction whose numerator is 1, and

whose denominator is a whole number plus a fraction whose

numerator is 1 and whose denominator is a whole number, plus a

fraction, and so on.</cd> -- <col>Continued proportion</col>

<fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>a proportion composed of two or more

equal ratios, in which the consequent of each preceding ratio is

the same with the antecedent of the folowing one; as, 4 : 8 : 8 :

16 :: 16 : 32.</cd></cs>



<hw>Con*tin"u*ed*ly</hw> <pr>(? <or/ <?/)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>Continuously.</def>



<hw>Con*tin"u*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

continues; one who has the power of perseverance or

persistence.</def> \'bdIndulgent <xex>continuers</xex> in

sin.\'b8



<au>Hammond.</au>



<q>I would my horse had the speed of your tongue, and so good a

<qex>continuer</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Con`ti*nu"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Continuities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.

<ets>continuitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>continuit<?/</ets>. See

<er>Continuous</er>.]</ety> <def>the state of being continuous;

uninterupted connection or succession; close union of parts;

cohesion; <as>as, the <ex>continuity</ex> of fibers</as>.</def>



<au>Grew.</au>



<q>The sight would be tired, if it were attracted by a

<qex>continuity</qex> of glittering objects.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<cs><col>Law of continuity</col> <fld>(Math. & Physics)</fld>,

<cd>the principle that nothing passes from one state to another

without passing through all the intermediate states.</cd> --

<col>Solution of continuity</col>. <fld>(Math.)</fld> <cd>See

under <er>Solution</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Con*ti"nu*o</hw> <pr>(? <or/ <?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>It</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Basso

continuo, or continued bass.</def>



<hw>Con*tin"u*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>continuus</ets>, fr. <ets>continere</ets> to hold together.

See <er>Continent</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Without break,

cessation, or interruption; without intervening space or time;

uninterrupted; unbroken; continual; unceasing; constant;

continued; protracted; extended; <as>as, a <ex>continuous</ex>

line of railroad; a <ex>continuous</ex> current of

electricity.</as></def>



<q>he can hear its <qex>continuous</qex> murmur.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Not deviating or varying from

uninformity; not interrupted; not joined or articulated.</def>



<cs><col>Continuous brake</col> <fld>(Railroad)</fld>, <cd>a

brake which is attached to each car a train, and can be caused to

operate in all the cars simultaneously from a point on any car or

on the engine.</cd> -- <col>Continuous impost</col>. <cd>See

<er>Impost</er>.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Continuous</er>, <er>Continual</er>.</syn>

<usage> <xex>Continuous</xex> is the stronger word, and denotes

that the continuity or union of parts is absolute and

uninterrupted; as, a <xex>continuous</xex> sheet of ice; a

<xex>continuous</xex> flow of water or of argument. So Daniel

Webster speaks of \'bda <xex>continuous</xex> and unbroken strain

of the martial airs of England.\'b8 <xex>Continual</xex>, in most

cases, marks a close and unbroken succession of things, rather

than absolute continuity. Thus we speak of <xex>continual</xex>

showers, implying a repetition with occasional interruptions; we

speak of a person as liable to <xex>continual calls</xex>,

<xex>or as subject to continual</xex> applications for aid, etc.

See <er>Constant</er>.</usage>



<hw>Con*tin"u*ous*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

continuous maner; without interruption.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Con*tin"u*ous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Cont"line`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Ropemaking)</fld> <def>The space between the strands on the

outside of a rope.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The space between the bilges

of two casks stowed side by side.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Con*tor"ni*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>\'d8Con*tor"ni*a`te</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos>,

<ety>[It. <ets>contorniato</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>contorniare</ets>

to make a circuit or outline, fr. <ets>contorno</ets> circuit,

outline. See <er>Contour</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Numis.)</fld> <def>A

species of medal or medallion of bronze, having a deep furrow on

the contour or edge; -- supposed to have been struck in the days

of Constantine and his successors.</def>



<au>R. S. Poole.</au>



<hw>Con*tor"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Contortion</er>.</def>



<hw>Con*tort"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>contortus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>contorquere</ets> to twist;

<ets>con-</ets> + <ets>torquere</ets> to twist. See

<er>Torture</er>.]</ety> <def>To twist, or twist together; to

turn awry; to bend; to distort; to wrest.</def>



<q>The vertebral arteries are variously <qex>contorted</qex>.</q>

<qau>Ray.</qau>



<q>Kant <qex>contorted</qex> the term category from the proper

meaning of attributed.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>



<hw>Con*tort"ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Twisted, or

twisted together.</def> \'bdA <xex>contorted</xex> chain of

icicles.\'b8



<au>Massinger.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Twisted back upon

itself, as some parts of plants.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Arranged

so as to overlap each other; <as>as, petals in <ex>contorted</ex>

or convolute \'91stivation</as>.</def>



<hw>Con*tor"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>contortio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>contorsion</ets>. See

<er>Contort</er>, and cf. <er>Torsion</er>.]</ety> <def>A

twisting; a writhing; wry motion; a twist; <as>as, the

<ex>contortion</ex> of the muscles of the face</as>.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<q>All the <qex>contortions</qex> of the sibyl, without the

inspiration.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<hw>Con*ter"tion*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who makes or

practices contortions.</def>



<hw>Con*tor"tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Expressing

contortion.</def>



<hw>Con`tor*tu"pli*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>contortuplicatus</ets>; <ets>contortus</ets> contorted +

<ets>plicare</ets> to fold.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Plaited

lengthwise and twisted in addition, as the bud of the

morning-glory.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>Con*tour"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>contour</ets>, fr. <ets>contourner</ets> to mark the

outlines; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>tourner</ets> to turn. See

<er>Turn</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The outline of a figure or

body, or the line or lines representing such an outline; the line

that bounds; periphery.</def>



<q>Titian's coloring and <qex>contours</qex>.</q>

<qau>A. Drummond.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The outline of a horizontal

section of the ground, or of works of fortification.</def>



<cs><col>Contour feathers</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>those

feathers that form the general covering of a bird.</cd> --

<col>Contour of ground</col> <fld>(Surv.)</fld>, <cd>the outline

of the surface of ground with respect to its undulation,

etc.</cd> -- <col>Contour line</col> <fld>(Topographical

Suv.)</fld>, <cd>the line in which a horizontal plane intersects

a portion of ground, or the corresponding line in a map or

chart.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Con`tour`n\'82'</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[F., p.p. of <ets>contourner</ets> to twist.]</ety>

<fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Turned in a direction which is not the

usual one; -- said of an animal turned to the sinister which is

usually turned to the dexter, or the like.</def>



<hw>Con*tour"ni*a`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Contorniate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Numis.)</fld> <def>Having

furrowed edges, as if turned in a lathe.</def>



<hw>Con"tra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A Latin adverb and

preposition, signifying <xex>against</xex>, <xex>contrary</xex>,

<xex>in opposition</xex>, etc., entering as a prefix into the

composition of many English words. Cf. <er>Counter</er>,

<xex>adv</xex>. & <xex>pref</xex>.</def>



<hw>Con"tra*band</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.

<ets>contrabando</ets>; <ets>contra + bando</ets> ban,

proclamation: cf. F. <ets>contrebande</ets>. See <er>Ban</er> an

edict.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Illegal or prohobited

traffic.</def>



<q>Persons the most bound in duty to prevent

<qex>contraband</qex>, and the most interested in the

seizures.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Goods or merchandise the importation or

exportation of which is forbidden.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A negro slave, during the Civil War, escaped to,

or was brought within, the Union lines. Such slave was considered

contraband of war.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>



<cs><col>Contraband of war</col>, <cd>that which, according to

international law, cannot be supplied to a hostile belligerent

except at the risk of seizure and condemnation by the aggrieved

belligerent.</cd></cs>



<au>Wharton.</au>



<hw>Con"tra*band</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Prohibited or excluded

by law or treaty; forbidden; <as>as, <ex>contraband</ex> goods,

or trade</as>.</def>



<q>The <qex>contraband</qex> will always keep pace, in some

measure, with the fair trade.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<hw>Con"tra*band</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

import illegaly, as prohibited goods; to smuggle.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To declare prohibited; to forbid.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The law severly <qex>contrabands</qex>

Our taking business of men's hands.</q>

<qau>Hudibras.</qau>



<hw>Con"tra*band*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Traffic in contraband gods; smuggling.</def>



<hw>Con"tra*band`ist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

who traffic illegaly; a smuggler.</def>



<hw>Con`tra*bass"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr><def>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Mus.)</fld> Double bass; -- applied to any instrument of

the same deep range as the stringed double bass; <as>as, the

<ex>contrabass</ex> ophicleide; the <ex>cotrabass</ex> tuba or

bombardon.</as></def>



<hw>Con`tra*bas"so</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.

<ets>contrabasso</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The largest

kind of bass viol. See <er>Violone</er>.</def>



<hw>Con*tract"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Contracted</er>;

<pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos> <er>Contracting</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[L. <ets>contractus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>contrahere</ets> to

contract; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>trahere</ets> to draw: cf. F.

<ets>contracter</ets>. See <er>Trace</er>, and cf.

<er>Contract</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To draw

together or nearer; to reduce to a less compass; to shorten,

narrow, or lesen; <as>as, to <ex>contract</ex> one's shpere of

action</as>.</def>



<q>In all things desuetude doth <qex>contract</qex> and narrow

our faculties.</q>

<qau>Dr. H. More.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To draw together so as to wrinkle; to

knit.</def>



<q>Thou didst <qex>contract</qex> and purse thy brow.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To bring on; to incur; to acquire; <as>as, to

<ex>contract</ex> a habit; to <ex>contract</ex> a debt; to

<ex>contract</ex> a disease.</as></def>



<q>Each from each <qex>contract</qex> new strength and light.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<q>Such behavior we <qex>contract</qex> by having much conversed

with persons of high stati<?/r.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To enter into, with mutual obligations; to make

a bargain or covenant for.</def>



<q>We have <qex>contracted</qex> an inviolable amity, peace, and

lague with the aforesaid queen.</q>

<qau>Hakluyt.</qau>



<q>Many persons . . . had <qex>contracted</qex> marriage within

the degrees of consanguinity . . . prohibited by law.</q>

<qau>Strype.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To betroth; to affiance.</def>



<q>The truth is, she and I, long since <qex>contracted</qex>,

Are now so sure, that nothing can dissolve us.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>To shorten by omitting a

letter or letters or by reducing two or more vowels or syllables

to one.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- To shorten; abridge; epitomize; narrow; lessen;

condense; reduce; confine; incur; assume.</syn>



<hw>Con*tract"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To be drawn together so as to be diminished in size or

extent; to shrink; to be reduced in compass or in duration;

<as>as, iron <ex>contracts</ex> in cooling; a rope

<ex>contracts</ex> when wet.</as></def>



<q>Years <qex>contracting</qex> to a moment.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make an agreement; to covenant; to agree; to

bargain; <as>as, to <ex>contract</ex> for carrying the

mail</as>.</def>



<hw>Con"tract</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Contracted:

as, a <xex>contract</xex> verb.</def>



<au>Goodwin.</au>



<hw>Con*tract"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>contractus</ets>, p.p.]</ety> <def>Contracted; affianced;

betrothed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Con"tract</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>contractus</ets>, fr. <ets>contrahere</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>contrat</ets>, formerly also <ets>contract</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The agreement of two or more

persons, upon a sufficient consideration or cause, to do, or to

abstain from doing, some act; an agreement in which a party

undertakes to do, or not to do, a particular thing; a formal

bargain; a compact; an interchange of legal rights.</def>



<au>Wharton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A formal writing which contains the agreement of

parties, with the terms and conditions, and which serves as a

proof of the obligation.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The act of formally betrothing a man and

woman.</def>



<q>This is the the night of the <qex>contract</qex>.</q>

<qau>Longwellow.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Covenant; agreement; compact; stipulation; bargain;

arrangement; obligation. See <er>Covenant</er>.</syn>



<hw>Con*tract"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Drawn together; shrunken; wrinkled; narrow; <as>as, a

<ex>contracted</ex> brow; a <ex>contracted</ex> noun.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Narrow; illiberal; selfish; <as>as, a

<ex>contracted</ex> mind; <ex>contracted</ex> views.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Bargained for; betrothed; <as>as, a

<ex>contracted</ex> peace</as>.</def>



<q>Inquire me out <qex>contracted</qex> bachelors.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Con*tract"ed*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being

contracted; narrowness; meannes; selfishness.</def>



<hw>Con*tract`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Capability of being contracted; quality of being

contractible; <as>as, the <ex>contractibiliy</ex> and

dilatability of air</as>.</def>



<au>Arbuthnot.</au>



<hw>Con*tract"i*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of contraction.</def>



<q>Small air bladders distable and <qex>contractible</qex>.</q>

<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>



<hw>Con*tract"i*ble*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Contractibility.</def>



<hw>Con*tract"ile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>contractile</ets>.]</ety> <def>tending to contract; having

the power or property of contracting, or of shrinking into

shorter or smaller dimensions; <as>as, the <ex>contractile</ex>

tissues</as>.</def>



<q>The heart's <qex>contractile</qex> force.</q>

<qau>H. Brooke.</qau>



<q>Each cilium seems to be composed of <qex>contractile</qex>

substance.</q>

<qau>Hixley.</qau>



<cs><col>Contractile vacuole</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a

pulsating cavity in the interior of a protozoan, supposed to be

excretory in function. There may be one, two, or more.</cd></cs>



<hw>Con`trac*til"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality or property by which bodies shrink

or contract.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The power possessed by the

fibers of living muscle of contracting or shortening.</def>



<note><hand/ When subject to the will, as in the muscles of

locomotion, such power is called <xex>voluntary

contractility</xex>; when not controlled by the will, as in the

muscles of the heart, it is <xex>involuntary

contractility</xex>.</note>



<hw>Con*trac"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>contractio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>contraction</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or process of contracting, shortening,

or shrinking; the state of being contracted; <as>as,

<ex>contraction</ex> of the heart, of the pupil of the eye, or of

a tendion; the <ex>contraction</ex> produced by cold.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The process of shortening an

operation.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The act of incurring or becoming subject to, as

liabilities, obligation, debts, etc.; the process of becoming

subject to; <as>as, the <ex>contraction</ex> of a

disease</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Something contracted or abbreviated, as a word

or phrase; -- as, <xex>plenipo</xex> for

<xex>plenipotentiary</xex>; <xex>crim. con.</xex> for

<xex>criminal conversation</xex>, etc.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The shortening of a word, or

of two words, by the omission of a letter or letters, or by

reducing two or more vowels or syllables to one; as,

<xex>ne'er</xex> for <xex>never</xex>; <xex>can't</xex> for

<xex>can not</xex>; <xex>don't</xex> for <xex>do not</xex>;

<xex>it's</xex> for <xex>it is</xex>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A marriage contract.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Con*trat"ive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Tending to

contract; having the property or power or power of

contracting.</def>



<hw>Con*tract"or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.]</ety>

<def>One who contracts; one of the parties to a bargain; one who

covenants to do anything for another; specifically, one who

contracts to perform work on a rather large scale, at a certain

price or rate, as in building houses or making a railroad.</def>



<hw>Con*trac"ture</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>contractura</ets> a drawing together.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A state of permanent rigidity or

contraction of the muscles, generally of the flexor

muscles.</def>



<hw>Con"tra*dance`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>contra-</ets> + <ets>dance</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>contrdance</ets>. Cf. <er>Country-dance</er>.]</ety> <def>A

dance in which the partners are arranged face to face, or in

opposite lines.</def>



<hw>Con`tra*dict"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Contradicted</er>;

<pos>p.pr. & vb.n</pos> <er>Contradicting</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[L. <ets>contradictus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>contradicere</ets>

to speak against; <ets>contra + dicere</ets> to speak. See

<er>Diction</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To assert the contrary

of; to oppose in words; to take issue with; to gainsay; to deny

the truth of, as of a statement or a speaker; to impugn.</def>



<q>Dear Duff, I prithee, <qex>contradict</qex> thyself,

And say it is not so.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>The future can not <qex>contradict</qex> the past.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be contrary to; to oppose; to resist.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>No truth can <qex>contradict</qex> another truth.</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<q>A greater power than we can <qex>contradict</qex>

Hath thwarted our intents.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Con`tra*dict</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To oppose in words;

to gainsay; to deny, or assert the contrary of, something.</def>



<q>They . . . spake against those things which were spoken by

Paul, <qex>contradicting</qex> and blaspheming.</q>

<qau>Acts xiii. 45.</qau>



<hw>Con`tra*dict"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Capable of being contradicting.</def>



<hw>Con`tra*dict"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>one who

contradicts.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>Con`tra*dic"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>contradictio</ets> answer, objection: cf. F.

<ets>contradiction</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An assertion of

the contrary to what has been said or affirmed; denial of the

truth of a statement or assertion; contrary declaration;

gainsaying.</def>



<q>His fair demands

Shall be accomplished without <qex>contradiction</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Direct opposition or repugnancy; inconsistency;

incongruity or contrariety; one who, or that which, is

inconsistent.</def>



<q>can be make deathless death? That were to make

Strange <qex>contradiction</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>We state our experience and then we come to a manly resolution

of acting in <qex>contradiction</qex> to it.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<q>Both parts of a <qex>contradiction</qex> can not possibly be

true.</q>

<qau>Hobbes.</qau>



<q>Of <qex>contradictions</qex> infinite the slave.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<cs><col>Principle of contradiction</col> <fld>(Logic)</fld>,

<cd>the axiom or law of thought that a thing cannot <xex>be<xex>

and <xex>not be<xex> at the same time, or a thing must either be

or not be, or the same attribute can not at the same time be

affirmed and and denied of the same subject. It develops itself

in three specific forms which have been called the \'bdThree

Logical Axioms.\'b8 <xex>First<xex>. \'bdA is A.\'b8

<xex>Second<xex>, \'bdA is not Not-A\'b8 <xex>Third<xex>,

\'bdEverything is either A or Not-A.\'b8</cd></cs>



<hw>Con`tra*dic"tion*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Contradictory; inconsistent; opposing.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Con`tra*dic"tions</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Filled with contradictions; inconsistent.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Inclined to contradict or cavil</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sharp.</au>



-- <wordforms><wf>Con`tra*dic"tious*ness</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<au>Norris.</au>



<hw>Con`tra*dict"ive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Contradictory; inconsistent.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Con`tra*dict"ive*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos>.</wordforms>



<hw>Con`tra*dict"or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A contradicter.</def>



<hw>Con`tra*dict"o*ri*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>In a contradictory manner.</def>



<au>Sharp.</au>



<hw>Con"tra*dict`o*ri*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality

of being contradictory; opposition; inconsistency.</def>



<au>J. Whitaker.</au>



<hw>Con`tra*dict"o*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>contradictorius</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>contradictoire</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Affirming the

contrary; implying a denial of what has been asserted; also,

mutually contradicting; inconsistent.</def>

\'bd<xex>Contradictory</xex> assertions.\'b8



<au>South.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Opposing or opposed; repugnant.</def>



<q>Schemes . . . <qex>contradictory</qex> to common sense.</q>

<qau>Addisn.</qau>



<hw>Con`tra*dict"o*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Contradictories</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>. <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

proposition or thing which denies or opposes another;

contrariety.</def>



<q>It is common with princes to will

<qex>contradictories</qex>.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>propositions

with the same terms, but opposed to each other both in quality

and quantity.</def>



<hw>Con`tra*dis*tinct"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Distinguished by opposite qualities.</def>



<au>J. Goodwin.</au>



<hw>Con`tra*dis*tinc"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Distinction by contrast.</def>



<q>That there are such things as sins of infirmity in

<qex>contradistinction</qex> to those of presumption is not to be

questioned.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<hw>Con`tra*dis*tinc"tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>having the quality of contradistinction; distinguishing by

contrast.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Con`tra*dis*tinc"tive</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Con`tra*dis*tin"guish</hw> <pr>(?; 144)</pr>, <pos>v. t.

</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp & p. p.</pos>

<er>Contradistinguished</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Contradistinguishing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To

distinguish by a contrast of opposite qualities.</def>



<q>These are our complex ideas of soul and body, as

<qex>contradistinguished</qex>.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<hw>Con`tra*fa*get"to</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The double bassoon, an

octave deeper than the bassoon.</def>



<hw>Con`tra*fis"sure</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A fissure or fracture on the side opposite

to that which received the blow, or at some distance from

it.</def>



<qau>Coxe.</qau>



<hw>Con"tra*hent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>contrahens</ets>, p.pr. See <er>Contract</er>.]</ety>

<def>Entering into covenant; contracting; <as>as,

<ex>contrahent</ex> parties</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Mede.</au>



<hw>Con"tra*in"di*cant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Something, as a symptom, indicating that

the usual mode of treatment is not to be followed.</def>



<au>Burke.</au>



<hw>Con"tra*in*"di*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Contraindicated</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos> <er>Contraindicating</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To indicate, as

by a symptom, some method of treatment contrary to that which the

general tenor of the case would seem to require.</def>



<q><qex>Contraindicating</qex> symptoms must be observed.</q>

<qau>Harvey.</qau>



<hw>Con"tra*in`di*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(med.)</fld> <def>An indication or symptom which forbids the

method of treatment usual in such cases.</def>



<hw>Con*tral"to</hw> <pr>(? <or/ <?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[It., fr. <ets>contra</ets> + <ets>alto</ets>. See

<er>Alto</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The

part sung by the highest male or lowest female voices; the alto

or counter tenor.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>the voice or singer

performing this part; <as>as, her voice is a <ex>contralto</ex>;

she is a <ex>contralto</ex>.</as></def>



<note><hand/ The usual range of the contralto voice is from G,

below middle C, to the C above that; though exceptionally it

embraces two octaves.</note>



<hw>Con*tral"to</hw> <pr>(? <or/ <?/)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a contralto, or to the

part in music called contralto; <as>as, a <ex>contralto</ex>

voice</as>.</def>



<hw>Con"tra*mure</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Countermure</er>.]</ety> <fld>(fort.)</fld> <def>An outer

wall.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chambers.</au>



<hw>Con"tra*nat"u*ral</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. <er>Counternatural</er>.]</ety> <def>Opposed to or

against nature; unnatural.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Rust.</au>



<hw>Con"tra*po*si"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>contra-</ets> + <ets>position</ets>: cf. f.

<ets>conterposition</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A placing over

against; opposite position.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>F. Potter.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>A so-called immediate

inference which consists in denying the original subject of the

contradictory predicate; <it>e.g.</it>: Every S is P; therefore,

no Not-P is S.</def>



<hw>Con`tra*pun"tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[It.

<ets>contrappunto</ets> counterpoint. See

<er>Counterpoint</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Pertaining

to, or according to the rules of, counterpoint.</def>



<hw>Con`tra*pun"tist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.

<ets>contrappuntista</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>One

skilled in counterpoint.</def>



<au>L. Mason.</au>



<hw>Con"tra*re*mon"strant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>One who remonstrates in opposition or answer to a

remonstraint.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>They did the synod wrong to make this distinction of

<qex>contraremonstrants</qex> and remonstrants.</q>

<qau>Hales.</qau>



<hw>Con*tra"ri*ant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>contrarians</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>contrariare</ets> to

oppose, fr. L. <ets>contrarius</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>contrariant</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>contrarier</ets> to

contradict. See <er>Contrary</er>.]</ety> <def>Contrary; opposed;

antagonistic; inconsistent; contradictory.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>The struggles of <qex>contrariant</qex> factions.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<hw>Con*tra"ri*ant*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>Contrarily.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Con"tra*ries</hw> <pr>(? <or/ <?/; 48)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.

</pos> <ety>[Pl. of <er>Contrary</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>Propositions which directly and

destructively contradict each other, but of which the falsehood

of one does not establish the truth of the other.</def>



<q>If two universals differ in quality, they are

<qex>contraries</qex>; as, every vine is a tree; no vine is a

tree. These can never be both true together; but they may be both

false.</q>

<qau>I. Watts.</qau>



<hw>Con`tra*ri"e*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Contrarieties</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L.

<ets>contrarietas</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>contrari\'82t\'82</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The state

or quality of being contrary; opposition; repugnance;

disagreement; antagonism.</def>



<q>There is a <qex>contrariety</qex> between those things that

conscience inclines to, and those that entertain the senses.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Something which is contrary to, or inconsistent

with, something else; an inconsistency.</def>



<q>How can these <qex>contrarieties</qex> agree?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Inconsistency; discrepancy; repugnance.</syn>



<hw>Con"tra*ri*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <pos>or</pos> <def>(<?/),

<xex>adv</xex>. In a contrary manner; in opposition; on the other

side; in opposite ways.</def>



<hw>Con"tra*ri*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>state or quality of

being contrary; opposition; inconsistency; contrariety;

perverseness; obstinancy.</def>



<hw>Con*tra"ri*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>contrariosus</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>contrarios</ets>

<ets>contralius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Showing contrariety;

repugnant; perverse.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<q>She flew <qex>contrarious</qex> in the face of God.</q>

<qau>Mrs. Browning.</qau>



<hw>Con*tra"ri*ous*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Contrarily;

oppositely.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Con"tra*ti*wise</hw> <pr>(? <or/ <?/)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>On the contrary; oppositely; on the other

hand.</def>



<q>Not rendering evil for evil, or railing for railing; but

<qex>contrariwise</qex>, blessing.</q>

<qau>1 Pet. iii. 9.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In a contrary order; conversely.</def>



<q>Everything that acts upon the fluids must, at the same time,

act upon the solids, and <qex>contrariwise</qex>.</q>

<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>



<hw>Con`tra*ro*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Circular motion in a direction contrary to some other

circular motion.</def>



<hw>Con"tra*ry</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; 48)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[OE. <ets>contrarie</ets>, <ets>contraire</ets>, F.

<ets>contraire</ets>, fr. L. <ets>contrarius</ets>, fr.

<ets>contra</ets>. See <er>Contra-</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Opposite; in an opposite direction; in opposition; adverse;

<as>as, <ex>contrary</ex> winds</as>.</def>



<q>And if ye walk <qex>contrary</qex> unto me, and will not

hearken unto me.</q>

<qau>Lev. xxvi. 21.</qau>



<q>We have lost our labor; they are gone a <qex>contrary</qex>

way.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Opposed; contradictory; repugnant;

inconsistent.</def>



<q>Fame, if not double-faced, is double mouthed,

And with <qex>contrary</qex> blast proclaims most deeds.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>The doctrine of the earth's motion appeared to be

<qex>contrary</qex> to the sacred Scripture.</q>

<qau>Whewell.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Given to opposition; perverse; forward; wayward;

<as>as, a <ex>contrary</ex> disposition; a <ex>contrary</ex>

child.</as></def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>Affirming the opposite; so

opposed as to destroy each other; <as>as, <ex>contrary</ex>

propositions</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Contrary motion</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>the

progression of parts in opposite directions, one ascending, the

other descending.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Adverse; repugnant; hostile; inimical; discordant;

inconsistent.</syn>



<hw>Con"tra*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Contraries</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>. <sn>1.</sn> <def>A thing

that is of contrary or opposite qualities.</def>



<q>No <qex>contraries</qex> hold more antipathy

Than I and such a knave.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An opponent; an enemy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>the opposite; a proposition, fact, or condition

incompatible with another; <as>as, slender proofs which rather

show the <ex>contrary</ex></as>. See <er>Converse</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, 1.</def>



<au>Locke.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>See

<er>Contraries</er>.</def>



<cs><col>On the contrary</col>, <cd>in opposition; on the other

hand.</cd> <au>Swift.</au> -- <col>To the contrary</col>, <cd>to

an opposite purpose or intent; on the other side.</cd> \'bdThey

did it, not for want of instruction <xex>to the

contrary</xex>.\'b8 <au>Bp. Stillingfleet.</au></cs>



<hw>Con"trar*ry</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>contrarier</ets>. See <er>Contrary</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>To contradict or oppose; to

thwart.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>I was advised not to <qex>contrary</qex> the king.</q>

<qau>Bp. Latimer.</qau>



<hw>Con*trast"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Contrasted</er>;

<pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos> <er>Contrasting</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[F. <ets>contraster</ets>, LL. <ets>contrastare</ets> to

resist, withstand, fr. L. <ets>contra + stare</ets> to stand. See

<er>Stand</er>.]</ety> <def>To stand in opposition; to exhibit

difference, unlikeness, or opposition of qualities.</def>



<q>The joints which divide the sandstone <qex>contrast</qex>

finely with the divisional planes which separate the basalt into

pillars.</q>

<qau>Lyell.</qau>



<hw>Con*trast"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To set in

opposition, or over against, in order to show the differences

between, or the comparative excellences and defects of; to

compare by difference or contrariety of qualities; <as>as, to

<ex>contrast</ex> the present with the past</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>To give greater effect

to, as to a figure or other object, by putting it in some

relation of opposition to another figure or object.</def>



<q>the figures of the groups must not be all on side . . . but

must <qex>contrast</qex> each other by their several

position.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Con"traxt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>contraste</ets>: cf. It. <ets>contrasto</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of contrasting, or the state of being

contrasted; comparison by contrariety of qualities.</def>



<q>place the prospect of the soul

In sober <qex>contrast</qex> with reality.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Opposition or dissimilitude of things or

qualities; unlikeness, esp. as shown by juxtaposition or

comparison.</def>



<q>The <qex>contrasts</qex> and resemblances of the seasons.</q>

<qau>Whewell.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>The opposition of varied

forms, colors, etc., which by such juxtaposition more vividly

express each other's pecularities.</def>



<qau>Fairholt.</qau>



<hw>Con`tra*stim"u*lant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Counteracting the effects of stimulants; relating to a

course of medical treatment based on a theory of

contrastimulants.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>An agent which counteracts the effect of a

stimulant.</def></def2>



<hw>Con"trate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Contra-</er>.]</ety> <def>Having cogs or teeth projecting

parallel to the axis, instead of radiating from it.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<cs><col>Contrate wheel</col>. <cd>See <er>Crown

wheel</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Con"tra*ten`or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Counter tenor</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Counter

tenor; contralto.</def>



<hw>Con`tra*val*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>contra-</ets> + <ets>vallation</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>contrevallation</ets>. Cf. <er>Countervallation</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A trench guarded with a parapet,

constructed by besiegers, to secure themselves and check sallies

of the besieged.</def>



<hw>Con`tra*vene"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Contravened</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos>

<er>Contravening</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL.

<ets>contravenire</ets>; L. <ets>contra + venire</ets> to come:

cf. F. <ets>contrevenir</ets>. See <er>Come</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To meet in the way of opposition; to come into

conflict with; to oppose; to contradict; to obstruct the

operation of; to defeat.</def>



<q>So plain a proposition . . . was not likely to be

<qex>contravened</qex>.</q>

<qau>Southey.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To violate; to nullify; to be inconsistent with;

<as>as, to <ex>contravene</ex> a law</as>.</def>



<q>Laws that place the subjects in such a state

<qex>contravene</qex> the first principles of the compact of

authority.</q>

<qau>Johnson.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To contradict; set aside; nullify; defeat; cross;

obstruct; baffle; thwart.</syn>



<hw>Con`tra*ven"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

contravenes.</def>



<hw>Con`tra*ven"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.F.

<ets>contravention</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of contravening;

opposition; obstruction; transgression; violation.</def>



<q>Warrants in <qex>contravention</qex> of the acts of

Parliament.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<q>In <qex>contravention</qex> of all his marriage

stipulations.</q>

<qau>Motley.</qau>



<hw>Con`tra*ver"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

turning to the opposite side; antistrophe.</def>



<qau>Congreve.</qau>



<hw>Con`tra*yer"va</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.

<ets>contrayerba</ets>, literally, a counter herb, hence, an

antidote for poison, fr. l. <ets>contra + herba</ets>

herb.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of

<spn>Dorstenia</spn> (<spn>D. Contrayerva</spn>), a South

American plant, the aromatic root of which is sometimes used in

medicine as a gentle stimulant and tonic.</def>



<hw>\'d8Con`tre*coup"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,

fr. <ets>contre</ets> (L. <ets>contra</ets>) + <ets>coup</ets> a

blow.]</ety> <fld>(med.)</fld> <def>A concussion or shock

produced by a blow or other injury, in a part or region opposite

to that at which the blow is received, often causing rupture or

disorganisation of the parts affected.</def>



<hw>\'d8Con`tre*temps"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,

fr. <ets>contre</ets> (L. <ets>conta</ets>) + <ets>temps</ets>

time, fr. L. <ets>tempus</ets>.]</ety> <def>An unexpected and

untoward accident; something inopportune or embarassing; a

hitch.</def>



<q>In this unhappy <qex>contretemps</qex>.</q>

<qau>De Quincey.</qau>



<hw>Con*trib"u*ta*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Capable of being contributed.</def>



<hw>Con*trib"u*ta*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Contributory.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Tributary; contributing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>It was situated on the Ganges, at the place where this river

received a <qex>contributary</qex> stream.</q>

<qau>D'Anville (Trans. ).</qau>



<hw>Con*trib"ute</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Contributed</er>;

<pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos> <er>Contributing</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[L. <ets>contributus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>contribuere</ets>

to bring together, to add; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>tribuere</ets>

to grant, impart. See <er>Tribute</er>.]</ety> <def>To give or

grant i common with others; to give to a common stock or for a

common purpose; to furnish or suply in part; to give (money or

other aid) for a specified object; <as>as, to <ex>contribute</ex>

food or fuel for the poor</as>.</def>



<q>England <qex>contributes</qex> much more than any other of the

allies.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<hw>Con*trib"ute</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To give

a part to a common stock; to lend assistance or aid, or give

something, to a common purpose; to have a share in any act or

effect.</def>



<q>We are engaged in war; the secretary of state calls upon the

colonies to <qex>contribute</qex>.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To give or use one's power or influence for any

object; to assist.</def>



<q>These men also <qex>contributed</qex> to obstruct the progress

of wisdom.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<hw>Con`tri*bu"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>contributio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>contribution</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of contributing.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is contributed; -- either the portion

which an individual furnishes to the common stock, or the whole

which is formed by the gifts of individuals.</def>



<q>A certain <qex>contribution</qex> for the poor saints which

are at jerusalem.</q>

<qau>Rom. xv. 26.</qau>



<q>Aristotle's actual <qex>contributions</qex> to the physical

sciences.</q>

<qau>Whewell.</qau>



<-- p. 316 -->



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>An irregular and arbitrary

imposition or tax leved on the people of a town or country.</def>



<q>These sums, . . . and the forced <qex>contributions</qex> paid

by luckless peasants, enabled him to keep his straggling troops

together.</q>

<qau>Motley.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Payment, by each of several

jointly liable, of a share in a loss suffered or an amount paid

by one of their number for the common benefit.</def>



<hw>Con`tri*bu"tion*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to, or furnishing, a contribution.</def>



<hw>Con*trib"u*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Contributing, or tending to contribute.</def>



<au>Fuller.</au>



<hw>Con*trib"u*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who,

or that which, contributes; specifically, one who writes articles

for a newspaper or magazine.</def>



<hw>Con*trib"u*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Contributing to the same stock or purpose; promoting the

same end; bringing assistance to some joint design, or increase

to some common stock; contributive.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<q>Bonfires of <qex>contributory</qex> wood.</q>

<qau>Chapman.</qau>



<cs><col>Contributory negligence</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>,

<cd>negligence by an injured party, which combines with the

negligence of the injurer in producing the injury, and which bars

recovery when it is the proximate cause of the injury.</cd></cs>



<au>Wharton.</au>



<hw>Con*trib"u*to*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Contributories</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>One who

contributes, or is liable to be called upon to contribute, as

toward the discharge of a common indebtedness.</def>



<au>Abbott.</au>



<hw>Con*trist"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>contrister</ets>. See <er>Contristate</er>.]</ety> <def>To

make sad.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>To deject and <qex>contrist</qex> myself.</q>

<qau>Sterne.</qau>



<hw>Con*tris"tate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>contristatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>contristare</ets>

to sadden; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>tristis</ets> sad.]</ety>

<def>To make sorrowful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Con"trite</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>contritus</ets> bruised, p. p. of <ets>contrere</ets> to

grind, bruise; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>terere</ets> to rub, grind:

cf. F. <ets>contrit</ets> See <er>Trite</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Thoroughly bruised or broken.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Broken down with grief and penitence; deeply

sorrowful for sin because it is displeasing to God; humbly and

thoroughly penitent.</def>



<q>A <qex>contrite</qex> heart, O God, thou wilt not despise.</q>

<qau>Ps. li. 17.</qau>



<q>Be penitent, and for thy fault <qex>contrite</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Penitent; repentant; humble; sorrowful.</syn>



<hw>Con"trite</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A contrite person.</def>



<au>Hooker.</au>



<hw>Con"trite</hw>, <pos>v.</pos> <def>In a contrite

manner.</def>



<hw>Con"trite`ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Deep sorrow and

penitence for sin; contrition.</def>



<hw>Con*tri"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>contrition</ets>, L. <ets>contritio</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of grinding or ribbing to powder;

attrition; friction; rubbing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The breaking of their parts into less parts by

<qex>contrition</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir I. Newton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being contrite; deep sorrow and

repentance for sin, because sin is displeasing to God; humble

penitence; through repentance.</def>



<q>My future days shall be one whole <qex>contrition</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- repentance; penitence; humiliation; compunction;

self-reproach; remorse.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Contrition</er>,

<er>Attrition</er>, <er>repentance</er>. -- <xex>Contrition</xex>

is deep sorrow and self-condemnation, with through repetance for

sin because it is displeasing to God, and implies a feeling of

love toward God. <xex>Attrition</xex> is sorrow for sin, or

imperfect repentance produced by fear of punishment or a sense of

the baseness of sin. <xex>Repentance</xex> is a penitent

renunciation of, and turning from, sin; thorough repentance

produces a new life. <xex>Repentance</xex> is often used as

synonymous with <xex>contrition</xex>. See

<er>Compunction</er>.</usage>



<hw>Con*trit"u*rate</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> 

<def>To triturate; to pulverize.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Con*triv"*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of being contrived, planned, invented, or devised.</def>



<q>A perpetual motion may seem easily <qex>contrivable</qex>.</q>

<qau>Bp. Wilkins.</qau>



<hw>Con*triv"ance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act or faculty of contriving, inventing, devising, or

planning.</def>



<q>The machine which we are inspecting demonstrates, by its

construction, <qex>contrivance</qex> and design.

<qex>Contrivance</qex> must have had a contriver.</q>

<qau>Paley.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The thing contrived, invented, or planned;

disposition of parts or causes by design; a scheme; plan;

atrifice; arrangement.</def>



<q>Government is a <qex>contrivance</qex> of human wisdom to

provide for human wants.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Device; plan; scheme; invention; machine; project;

design; artifice; shift. See <er>Device</er>.</syn>



<hw>Con*trive"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Contrived</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos>

<er>Contriving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>contriven</ets>,

<ets>contreven</ets>, <ets>controven</ets>, to invent, OF.

<ets>controver</ets>, <ets>contruver</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> +

<ets>trouver</ets> to find. See <er>Troubadour</er>,

<er>trover</er>.]</ety> <def>To form by an exercise of ingenuity;

to devise; to invent; to design; to plan.</def>



<q>What more likely to <qex>contrive</qex> this admirable frame

of the universe than infinite wisdom.</q>

<qau>Tillotson.</qau>



<q>neither do thou imagine that I shall <qex>contrive</qex> aught

against his life.</q>

<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To invent; discover; plan; design; project; plot;

concert; hatch.</syn>



<hw>Con*trive"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To make devices; to

form designs; to plan; to scheme; to plot.</def>



<q>The Fates with traitors do <qex>contrive</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Thou hast <qex>contrived</qex> against th very life

Of the defendant.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Con*trive"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Contrivance; invention; arrangement; design; plan.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Consider the admirable <qex>contrivement</qex> and artifice of

this great fabric.</q>

<qau>Glanvill.</qau>



<q>Active to meet their <qex>contrivements</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir G. Buck.</qau>



<hw>Con*triv"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

contrives, devises, plans, or schemas.</def>



<qau>Swift.</qau>



<hw>Con*trol"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>contr\'93le</ets> a counter register, contr. fr.

<ets>contr-r\'93le</ets>; <ets>contre</ets> (L.

<ets>contra</ets>) + <ets>r\'93le</ets> roll, catalogue. See

<er>Counter</er> and <er>Roll</er>, and cf.

<er>Counterroll</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A duplicate book,

register, or account, kept to correct or check another account or

register; a counter register.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which serves to check, restrain, or hinder;

restraint.</def> \'bdSpeak without <xex>control</xex>.\'b8



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Power or authority to check or restrain;

restraining or regulating influence; superintendence; government;

<as>as, children should be under parental

<ex>control</ex></as>.</def>



<q>The House of Commons should exercise a <qex>control</qex> over

all the departments of the executive administration.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<cs><col>Board of control</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Board</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Con*trol"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. &

p.p.</pos> <er>Controlled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.pr. &

vb.n.</pos> <er>Controlling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.

<ets>contr\'93ler</ets>, fr. <ets>contr\'93le</ets>.]</ety>

<altsp>[Formerly written <asp>comptrol</asp> and

<asp>controul</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To check by a

counter register or duplicate account; to prove by counter

statements; to confute.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>This report was <qex>controlled</qex> to be false.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To exercise restraining or governing influence

over; to check; to counteract; to restrain; to regulate; to

govern; to overpower.</def>



<q>Give me a staff of honor for mine age,

But not a scepter to <qex>control</qex> the world.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>I feel my virtue struggling in my soul:

But stronger passion does its power <qex>control</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To restrain; rule; govern; manage; guide; regulate;

hinder; direct; check; curb; counteract; subdue.</syn>



<hw>Con*trol`la*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Capability of being controlled; controllableness.</def>



<hw>Con*trol"la*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of being controlled, checked, or restrained; amenable to

command.</def>



<q>Passion is the drunkeness of the mind, and, therefore, . . .

not always <qex>controllable</qex> by reason.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<hw>Con*trol"la*ble*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Capability of

being controlled.</def>



<hw>Con*trol"ler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<ets>control</ets>, v.t.: cf. F. <ets>contr\'93leur</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>One who, or that which, controls or restraines;

one who has power or authority to regulate or control; one who

governs.</def>



<q>The great <qex>controller</qex> of our fate

Deigned to be man, and lived in low estate.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An officer appointed to keep a counter register

of accounts, or to examine, rectify, or verify accounts.</def>

<altsp>[More commonly written <asp>controller</asp>.]</altsp>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>An iron block, usually bolted

to a ship's deck, for controlling the running out of a chain

cable. The links of the cable tend to drop into hollows in the

block, and thus hold fast until disengaged.</def>



<hw>Con*trol"ler*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The office of a

controller.</def>



<hw>Con*trol"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The power or act of controlling; the state of being

rstrained; control; restraint; regulation; superintendence.</def>



<q>You may do it without <qex>controlment</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Opposition; resistance; hostility.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Here have we war for war, and blood for blood,

<qex>Controlment</qex> for controlment.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Con`tro*ver"sal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Turning or looking opposite ways.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The temple of Janus, with his two <qex>controversal</qex>

faces.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Controversal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Boyle.</au>



<hw>Con`tro*ver"sa*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Controversial.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<hw>Con"tro*verse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>controverse</ets>.]</ety> <def>Controversy.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Con"tro*verse</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>controversari</ets>, fr. <ets>controversus</ets> turned

against, disputed.]</ety> <def>To dispute; to controvert.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Controversed</xex> causes.\'b8



<au>Hooker.</au>



<hw>Con"tro*ver`ser</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

disputant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Con`tro*ver"sial</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

LL. <ets>controversialis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Relating to, or

consisting of, controversy; disputatious; polemical; <as>as,

<ex>controversial</ex> divinity</as>.</def>



<q>Whole libraries of <qex>controversial</qex> books.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Con`tro*ver"sial*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who carries

on a controversy; a disputant.</def>



<q>He [Johnson] was both intellectually and morally of the stuff

of which <qex>controversialists</qex> are made.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Con`tro*ver"sial*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

controversial manner.</def>



<hw>Con`tro*ver"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Act of

controverting; controversy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Hooker.</au>



<hw>Con"tro*ver`sor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

controverser.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Con"tro*ver`sy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Controversies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.

<ets>controversia</ets>, fr. <ets>controversus</ets> turned

against, disputed; <ets>contro-</ets> = <ets>contra</ets> +

<ets>versus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>vertere</ets> to turn. See

<er>Verse</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Contention; dispute;

debate; discussion; agitation of contrary opinions.</def>



<q>This left no room for <qex>controversy</qex> about the

title.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<q>A dispute is commonly oral, and a <qex>controversy</qex> in

writing.</q>

<qau>Johnson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Quarrel; strife; cause of variance;

difference.</def>



<q>The Lord hath a <qex>controversy</qex> with the nations.</q>

<qau>Jer. xxv. 31.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A suit in law or equity; a question of

right.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>When any man that had a <qex>controversy</qex> came to the

king for judgment.</q>

<qau>2 Sam. xv. 2.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Dispute; debate; disputation; disagreement;

altercation; contention; wrangle; strife; quarrel.</syn>



<hw>Con"tro*vert</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Controverted</er>;

<pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos> <er>Controverting</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[See <er>Controversy</er>.]</ety> <def>To make matter of

controversy; to dispute or oppose by reasoning; to contend

against in words or writings; to contest; to debate.</def>



<q>Some <qex>controverted</qex> points had decided according to

the sense of the best jurists.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Con"tro*ver`ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

controverts; a controversial writer; a controversialist.</def>



<q>Some <qex>controverters</qex> in divinity are like swaggerers

in a tavern.

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<hw>Con`tro*ver"ti*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Capable of being controverted; disputable; admitting of

question.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Con`tro*ver"ti*bly</wf>,

<pos>adv</xex>.</wordforms>



<hw>Con"tro*ver`tist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

skilled in or given to controversy; a controversialist.</def>



<q>How unfriendly is the <qex>controvertist</qex> to the

discernment of the critic!</q>

<qau>Campbell.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Con*tu"ber*nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Con`tu*ber"ni*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>contubernalis</ets> a tent companion, fr.

<ets>contubernium</ets> tent companionship.]</ety> <def>Living or

messing together; familiar; in companionship.</def>



<q>Humble folk ben Christes friends: they ben

<qex>contubernial</qex> with the Lord, thy King.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>Con`tu*ma"cious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>contumax</ets>, <ets>-acis</ets>. See

<er>Contumacy</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Exhibiting contumacy;

contemning authority; obstinate; perverse; stubborn;

disobedient.</def>



<q>There is another very, efficacious method for subding the most

obstinate, <qex>contumacious sinner</qex>.</q>

<qau>Hammond.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Willfully disobedient to the

summous or prders of a court.</def>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Stubborn; obstinate; obdurate; disobedient;

perverse; unyielding; headstrong.</syn>



 -- <wordforms><wf>Con`tu*ma"cious*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Con`tu*ma"cious*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Con"tu*ma*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Contumacies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.

<ets>contumacia</ets>, fr. <ets>contumax</ets>, <ets>-acis</ets>,

insolent; prob. akin to <ets>contemnere</ets> to despise: cf. F.

<ets>contumace</ets>. Cf. <er>Contemn</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Stubborn perverseness; pertinacious resistance to

authority.</def>



<q>The bishop commanded him . . . to be thrust into the stocks

for his manifest and manifold <qex>contumacy</qex>.</q>

<qau>Strype.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A willful contempt of, and

disobedience to, any lawful summons, or to the rules and orders

of court, as a refusal to appear in court when legally

summoned.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Stubbornness; perverseness; obstinacy.</syn>



<hw>Con`tu*me"li*ous</hw> <pr>(?<or/ ?; 106)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>contumeliosus</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Exhibiting contumely; rudely contemptuous; insolent;

disdainful.</def>



<q>Scoffs, and scorns, and <qex>contumelious</qex> taunts.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Curving a <qex>contumelious</qex> lip.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Shameful; disgraceful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Dr. H. More.</au>



-- <wordforms><wf>Con`tu*me"li*ous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Con`tu*me"li*ous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Con"tu*me*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>contumelia</ets>, prob. akin to <ets>contemnere</ets> to

despise: cf. OF. <ets>contumelie</ets>. Cf.

<er>Contumacy</er>.]</ety> <def>Rudeness compounded of

haughtiness and contempt; scornful insolence; despiteful

treatment; disdain; contemptuousness in act or speech;

disgrace.</def>



<q>The oppressor's wrong, the proud man's

<qex>contumely</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Nothing aggravates tyranny so much as

<qex>contumely</qex>.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<hw>Con*tuse"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Contused</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos>

<er>Contusing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>contusus</ets>,

p.p. of <ets>contundere</ets> to beat, crush; <ets>con-</ets> +

<ets>tundere</ets> to beat, akin to Skr. <ets>tud</ets> (for

<ets>stud</ets>) to strike, Goth. <ets>stautan</ets>. See

<er>Stutter</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To beat, pound, or

together.</def>



<q>Roots, barks, and seeds <qex>contused</qex> together.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To bruise; to injure or disorganize a part

without breaking the skin.</def>



<cs><col>Contused wound</col>, <cd>a wound attended with

bruising.</cd></cs>



<hw>Con*tu"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>contusio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>contusion</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or process of beating, bruising, or

pounding; the state of being beaten or bruised.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A bruise; an injury attended

with more or less disorganization of the subcutaneous tissue and

effusion of blood beneath the skin, but without apparent

wound.</def>



<hw>Co*nun"drum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Origin

unknown.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A kind of riddle based upon some

fanciful or fantastic resemblance between things quite unlike; a

puzzling question, of which the answer is or involves a

pun.</def>



<q>Or pun ambiguous, or <qex>conundrum</qex> quaint.</q>

<qau>J. Philips.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A question to which only a conjectural answer

can be made.</def>



<q>Do you think life is long enough to let me speculate on

<qex>conundrums</qex> like that?</q>

<qau>W. Black.</qau>



<hw>Co*nure"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.

<ets>conurus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ a cone + <?/ tail. The name

alludes to the tapering tail.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>An American parrakeet of the genus <spn>Conurus</spn>. Many

species are known. See <er>Parrakeet</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Co"nus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a

cone.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A cone.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A Linnean genus of

mollusks having a conical shell.</def> See <er>Cone</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, 4.</def>



<hw>Con"u*sa*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Cognizable; liable to be tried or judged.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<qau>Bp. Barlow.</qau>



<hw>Con"u*sant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Law)</fld>

<def>See <er>Cognizant</er>.</def>



<hw>Con`u*sor"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Law)</fld>

<def>See <er>Cognizor</er>.</def>



<hw>Con`va*lesce"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Convalesced</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos>

<er>Convalescing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>convalscere</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>valescere</ets> to

grow strong, v. incho. of <ets>valere</ets> to be strong. See

<er>Vallant</er>.]</ety> <def>To recover health and strength

gradually, after sickness or weakness; <as>as, a patient begins

to <ex>convalesce</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Con`va*lesced"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Convalescent.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>He found the queen somewhat <qex>convalesced</qex>.</q>

<qau>J. Knox.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Con`va*les"cence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Con`va*les"cen*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>convalescentia</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>convalescence</ets>.]</ety> <def>The recovery of heath and

strength after disease; the state of a body renewing its vigor

after sickness or weakness; the time between the subsidence of a

disease and complete restoration to health.</def>



<hw>Con`va*les"cent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>convalescens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p.pr.: cf. F.

<ets>convalescent</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Recovering from

siclness or debility; partially restored to health or

strength.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to convalescence.</def>



<hw>Con`va*les"cent</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One recovering from

sickness.</def>



<hw>Con`va*les"cent*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In the manner

of a convalescent; with increasing strength or vigor.</def>



<hw>Con*val"la*ma`rin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Convalaria</ets> + L. <ets>amarus</ets> bitter.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white, crystalline, poisonous

substance, regarded as a glucoside, extracted from the lily of

the valley (<spn>Convallaria Majalis</spn>). Its taste is first

bitter, then sweet.</def>



<hw>\'d8Con`val*la"ri*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., from L. <ets>convallis</ets> a valley; <ets>con-</ets>

+ <ets>vallis</ets> valley.]</ety> <fld>(Bot. & Med.)</fld>

<def>The lily of the valley.</def>



<hw>Con`val*la"rin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white, crystalline glucoside, of an

irritating taste, extracted from the convallaria or lily of the

valley.</def>



<hw>Con*vec"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>convectio</ets>, fr. <ets>convehere</ets> to bring together;

<ets>con-</ets> + <ets>vehere</ets> to carry.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act or process of conveying or transmitting.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>A process of transfer or

transmission, as of heat or electricity, by means of currents in

liquids or gases, resulting from changes of temperature and other

causes.</def>



<q>Liquids are generally heated by <qex>convection</qex> -- when

heat is applied from bellow.</q>

<qau>Nichol.</qau>



<hw>Con*vec"tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Caused or

accomplished by convection; <as>as, a <ex>convective</ex>

discharge of electricity</as>.</def>



<au>Faraday.</au>



<hw>Con*vec"tive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a convective

manner.</def>



<au>Hare.</au>



<hw>Con*vel"lent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>convellens</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>convellere</ets>. See

<er>Convulse</er>.]</ety> <def>Tending to tear or pull up.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The ends of the fragment . . . will not yield to the

<qex>convellent</qex> force.</q>

<qau>Todd & Bowman.</qau>



<hw>Con*ven"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of being convened or assembled.</def>



<hw>Con"ve*na*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>convenable</ets>, fr. <ets>convenir</ets>. See

<er>Convene</er>.]</ety> <def>Consistent; accordant; suitable;

proper; <as>as, <ex>convenable</ex> remedies</as>.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>With his wod his work is <qex>convenable</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Con"ve*nance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,

fitness, suitableness.]</ety> <def>That which is suitable,

agreeable, or convenient.</def>



<q>And they missed

Their wonted <qex>convenance</qex>, cheerly hid the loss.</q>

<qau>Emerson.</qau>



<hw>Con*vene"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Convened</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos>

<er>Convenong</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>convenire</ets>;

<ets>con-</ets> + <ets>venire</ets> to come: cf. F.

<ets>convenir</ets> to agree, to be fitting, OF. also, to

assemble. See <er>Come</er>, and cf. <er>Covenant</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To come together; to meet; to unite.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>In shortsighted men . . . the rays converge and

<qex>convene</qex> in the eyes before they come at the

bottom.</q>

<qau>Sir I. Newton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To come together, as in one body or for a public

purpose; to meet; to assemble.</def>



<au>Locke.</au>



<q>The Parliament of Scotland now <qex>convened</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir R. Baker.</qau>



<q>Faint, underneath, the household fowls <qex>convene</qex>.</q>

<qau>Thomson.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To meet; to assemble; to congregate; to collect; to

unite.</syn>



<hw>Con*vene"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cause to

assemble; to call together; to convoke.</def>



<q>And now the almighty father of the gods

<qex>Convenes</qex> a council in the blest abodes.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To summon judicially to meet or appear.</def>



<q>By the papal canon law, clerks . . . can not be

<qex>convened</qex> before any but an ecclesiastical judge.</q>

<qau>Ayliffe.</qau>



<hw>Con*ven"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who convenes or meets with others.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who calls an assembly together or convenes a

meeting; hence, the chairman of a committee or other organized

body.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>Con*ven"ience</hw> <pr>(?; 106)</pr>,

<hw>Con*ven"ien*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>convenientia</ets> agreement, fitness. See

<er>Convenient</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The state or quality

of being convenient; fitness or suitableness, as of place, time,

etc.; propriety.</def>



<q>Let's futher think of this;

Weigh what <qex>convenience</qex> both of time and means

May fit us to our shape.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>With all brief and plain <qex>conveniency</qex>,

Let me have judgment.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Freedom from discomfort, difficulty, or trouble;

commodiousness; ease; accommodation.</def>



<q>Thus necessity invented stools,

<qex>Convenience</qex> next suggested elbow chairs.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<q>We are rather intent upon the end of God's glory than our own

<qex>conveniency</qex>.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which is convenient; that which promotes

comfort or advantage; that which is suited to one's wants; an

accommodation.</def>



<q>A pair of spectacles and several other little

<qex>conveniences</qex>.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A convenient or fit time; opportunity; <as>as,

to do something at one's <ex>convenience</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Con*ven"ient</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conveniens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, suitable, p.pr. of

<ets>convenire</ets> to be suitable, to come. See

<er>Convene</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Fit or

adapted; suitable; proper; becoming; appropriate.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>Feed me with food <qex>convenient</qex> for me.</q>

<qau>Prov. xxx. 8.</qau>



<q>Neither filthiness, nor foolish talking, nor jesting, which

are not <qex>convenient</qex>.</q>

<qau>Eph. v. 4.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Affording accommodation or advantage; well

adapted to use; handly; <as>as, a <ex>convenient</ex> house;

<ex>convenient</ex> implements or tools.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Seasonable; timely; opportune; <as>as, a

<ex>convenient</ex> occasion; a <ex>convenient</ex>

season.</as></def>



<au>Acts xxiv. 25.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Near at hand; easy of access.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<q>Hereties used to be brought thither, <qex>convenient</qex> for

burning.</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Fit; suitable; proper; adapted; fitted; suited;

handly; commodious.</syn>



<hw>Con*ven"ient*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a convenient

manner, form, or situation; without difficulty.</def>



<hw>Con"vent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conventus</ets> a meeting, LL. also, a convent. See

<er>Convene</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

coming together; a meeting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A usual ceremony at their [the witches] <qex>convents</qex> or

meetings.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An association or community of recluses devoted

to a religious life; a body of monks or nuns.</def>



<q>One of our <qex>convent</qex>, and his [the duke's]

confessor.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A house occupied by a community of religious

recluses; a monastery or nunnery.</def>



<q>One seldom finds in Italy a spot of ground more agreeable than

ordinary that is not covered with a <qex>convent</qex>.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Nunnery; monastery; abbey. See

<er>Cloister</er>.</syn>



<hw>Con*vent"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conventus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>convenire</ets>. See

<er>Convene</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

meet together; to concur.</def> <mark>[obs.]</mark>



<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be convenient; to serve.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>When that is known and golden time <qex>convents</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Con*vent"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To call

before a judge or judicature; to summon; to convene.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Con*vent"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

from, or pertaining to, a convent.</def>

\'bd<xex>Conventical</xex> wages.\'b8



<au>Sterne.</au>



<cs><col>Conventical prior</col>. <cd>See

<er>Prior</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Con*ven"ti*cle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conventiculum</ets>, dim. of <ets>conventus</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>conventicule</ets>. See <er>Convent</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A small assembly or

gathering; esp., a secret assembly.</def>



<q>They are commanded to abstain from all <qex>conventicles</qex>

of men whatsoever.</q>



<au>Ayliffe.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An assembly for religious worship; esp., such an

assembly held privately, as in times of persecution, by

Nonconformists or Dissenters in England, or by Covenanters in

Scotland; -- often used opprobriously, as if those assembled were

heretics or schismatics.</def>



<q>The first Christians could never have had recourse to

nocturnal or clandestine <qex>conventicles</qex> till driven to

them by the violence of persecution.</q>

<qau>Hammond.</qau>



<q>A sort of men who . . . attend its [the curch of England's]

service in the morning, and go with their wives to a

<qex>conventicle</qex> in the afternoon.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<hw>Con*ven"ti*cler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

supports or frequents conventicles.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Con*ven"ti*cling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Belonging or going to, or resembling, a conventicle.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q><qex>Conventicling</qex> schools . . . set up and taught

secretly by fanatics.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<hw>Con*ven"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conventio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>convention</ets>. See

<er>Convene</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

act of coming together; the state of being together; union;

coalition.</def>



<q>The <qex>conventions</qex> or associations of several

particles of matter into bodies of any certain denomination.</q>

<qau>Boyle.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>General agreement or concurrence; arbitrary

custom; usage; conventionality.</def>



<q>There are thousands now

Such women, but <qex>convention</qex> beats them down.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A meeting or an assembly of persons, esp. of

delegates or representatives, to accomplish some specific object,

-- civil, social, political, or ecclesiastical.</def>



<q>He set himself to the making of good laws in a grand

<qex>convention</qex> of his nobles.</q>

<qau>Sir R. Baker.</qau>



<q>A <qex>convention</qex> of delegates from all the States, to

meet in Philadelphia, for the sole and express purpose of

reserving the federal system, and correcting its defects.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Eng. Hist)</fld> <def>An extraordinary assembly

of the parkiament or estates of the realm, held without the

king's writ, -- as the assembly which restored Charles II. to the

throne, and that which declared the throne to be abdicated by

James II.</def>



<q>Our gratitude is due . . . to the Long Parliament, to the

<qex>Convention</qex>, and to William of Orange.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>An agreement or contract less formal than, or

preliminary to, a traety; an informal compact, as between

commanders of armies in respect to suspension of hostilities, or

between states; also, a formal agreement between governments or

sovereign powers; <as>as, a postal <ex>convetion</ex> between two

governments</as>.</def>



<q>This <qex>convention</qex>, I think from my soul, is nothing

but a stipulation for national ignominy; a truce without a

suspension of hostilities.</q>

<qau>Ld. Chatham.</qau>



<q>The <qex>convention</qex> with the State of georgia has been

ratified by their Legislature.</q>

<qau>T. Jefferson.</qau>



<hw>Con*ven"tion*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conventionalis</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>conventionnel</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Formed by

agreement or compact; stipulated.</def>



<q><qex>Conventional</qex> services reserved by tenures upon

grants, made out of the crown or knights' service.</q>

<qau>Sir M. Hale.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Growing out of, or depending on, custom or tacit

agreement; sanctioned by general concurrence or usage;

formal.</def> \'bd<xex>Conventional</xex> decorum.\'b8



<au>Whewell.</au>



<q>The <qex>conventional</qex> language appropriated to

monarchs.</q>

<qau>Motley.</qau>



<q>The ordinary salutations, and other points of social behavior,

are <qex>conventional</qex>.</q>

<qau>Latham.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Based upon

tradition, whether religious and historical or of artistic

rules.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Abstracted; removed from close

representation of nature by the deliberate selection of what is

to be represented and what is to be rejected; <as>as, a

<ex>conventional</ex> flower; a <ex>conventional</ex> shell.</as> 

Cf. <er>Conventionalize</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos></def>



<hw>Con*ven"tion*al*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>That which is received or established by

convention or arbitrary agreement; that which is in accordance

with the fashion, tradition, or usage.</def>



<q>All the artifice and <qex>conventionalism</qex> of life.</q>

<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>



<q>They gaze on all with dead, dim eyes, -- wrapped in

<qex>conventionalisms</qex>, . . . simulating feelings according

to a received standart.</q>

<qau>F. W. Robertson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>The principles or

practice of conventionalizing. See <er>Conventionalize</er>,

<xex>v. t.</xex></def>



<hw>Con*ven"tion*al*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

who adheres to a convention or treaty.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who is governed by conventionalism.</def>



<hw>Con*ven`tion*al"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl. <plw>Conventionalities</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu>

<def>The state of being conventional; adherence to social

formalities or usages; that which is established by conventional

use; one of the customary usages of social life.</def>



<hw>Con*ven`tion*al*i*za"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The act of making

conventional.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The state of being

conventional.</def>



<hw>Con*ven"tion*al*izw</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Conventionalized</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos>

<er>Conventionalizing</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make

conventional; to bring under the influence of, or cause to

conform to, conventional rules; to establish by usage.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To represent

by selecting the important features and those which are

expressible in the medium employed, and omitting the

others.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To represent according to an

established principle, whether religious or traditional, or based

upon certain artistic rules of supposed importance.</def>



<hw>Con*ven"tion*al*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>To make designs in art, according to

conventional principles. Cf. <er>Conventionalize</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>, 2.</def>



<hw>Con*ven"tion*ali*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

conventional manner.</def>



<hw>Con*ven"tion*a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Acting under contract; settled by express agreement; <as>as,

<ex>conventionary</ex> tenants</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>R. Carew.</au>



<hw>Con*ven"tion*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

belongs to a convention or assembly.</def>



<hw>Con*ven"tion*ist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

who enters into a convention, covenant, or contract.</def>



<hw>Con*ven"tu*al</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>conventualis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>conventuel</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Of or pertaining to a convent; monastic.</def> \'bdA

<xex>conventual</xex> garb.\'b8



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<cs><col>Conventual church</col>, <cd>a church attached or

belonging to a convent or monastery.</cd></cs>



<au>Wordsworth.</au>



<hw>Con*ven"tu*al</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who lives in a

convent; a monk or num; a recluse.</def>



<au>Addison.</au>



<hw>Con*verge"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Converged</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos> <er>Converging</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>con-</ets> + L.

<ets>vergere</ets> to turn, incline; cf. F. <ets>converger</ets>.

See <er>Verge</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <def>To tend to one

point; to incline and approach nearer together; <as>as, lines

<ex>converge</ex></as>.</def>



<q>The mountains <qex>converge</qex> into a single ridge.</q>

<qau>Jefferson.</qau>



<hw>Con*verge"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cause to tend to

one point; to cause to incline and approach nearer

together.</def>



<q>I <qex>converge</qex> its rays to a focus of dazzling

brilliancy.</q>

<qau>Tyndall.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Con*ver"gence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Con*ver"gen*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>convergence</ets>.]</ety> <def>The condition or

quality of converging; tendency to one point.</def>



<q>The <qex>convergence</qex> or divergence of the rays falling

on the pupil.</q>

<qau>Berkeley.</qau>



<hw>Con*ver"gent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>convergent</ets>.]</ety> <def>tending to one point of focus;

tending to approach each other; converging.</def>



<q>As many rays of light, as conveniently can be let in, and made

<qex>convergent</qex>.</q>

<qau>Boyle.</qau>



<q>The vast dome of its cathedral . . . directing its

<qex>convergent</qex> curves to heaven.</q>

<qau>Hallam.</qau>



<hw>Con*ver"ging</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Tending to

one point; approaching each other; convergent; <as>as,

<ex>converging</ex> lines</as>.</def>



<au>Whewell.</au>



<cs><col>Converging rays</col><fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>rays of

light, which, proceeding from different points of an object, tend

toward a single point.</cd> -- <col>Converging series</col>

<fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>a series in which if an indefinitely

great number of terms be taken, their sum will become

indefinitely near in value to a fixed quantity, which is called

the <xex>sum of the series<xex>; -- opposed to a

<xex>diverging<xex> series.</cd></cs>



<hw>Con*vers"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>conversable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Qualified for conversation;

disposed to converse; sociable; free in discourse.</def>



<q>While young, humane, <qex>conversable</qex>, and kind.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<hw>Con*vers"a*ble*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of

being conversable; disposition to converse; sociability.</def>



<hw>Con*vers"a*bly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a conversable

manner.</def>



<hw>Con"ver*sance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state

or quality of being conversant; habit of familiarity; familiar

acquaintance; intimacy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Con"ver*san*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Conversance</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Con"ver*sant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conversans</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>conversari</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>conversant</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having frequent or

customary intercourse; familiary associated; intimately

acquainted.</def>



<q>I have been <qex>conversant</qex> with the first persons of

the age.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Familiar or acquainted by use or study;

well-informed; versed; -- generally used with <xex>with</xex>,

sometimes with <xex>in</xex>.</def>



<q>Deeply <qex>conversant</qex> in the Platonic philosophy.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>he uses the different dialects as one who had been

<qex>conversant</qex> with them all.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<q><qex>Conversant</qex> only with the ways of men.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Concerned; occupied.</def>



<q>Education . . . is <qex>conversant</qex> about children.</q>

<qau>W. Wotton.</qau>



<hw>Con*vers"ant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

converses with another; a convenser.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Con"ver*sant*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

familiar manner.</def>



<hw>Con`ver*sa"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>conversacio</ets> (in senses 1 & 2), OF.

<ets>conversacion</ets>, F. <ets>conversation</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>conversatio</ets> frequent abode in a place, intercourse,

LL. also, manner of life.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>General course

of conduct; behavior.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>Let your <qex>conversation</qex> be as it becometh the

gospel.</q>

<qau>Philip. i. 27.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Familiar intercourse; intimate fellowship or

association; close acquaintance.</def>

\'bd<xex>Conversation</xex> with the best company.\'b8



<au>Dryden.</au>



<q>I set down, out of long experience in business and much

<qex>conversation</qex> in books, what I thought pertinent to

this business.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Commerce; intercourse; traffic.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>All traffic and mutual <qex>conversation</qex>.</q>

<qau>Hakluyt.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Colloqual discourse; oral interchange of

sentiments and observations; informal dialogue.</def>



<q>The influence exercised by his [Johnson's]

<qex>conversation</qex> was altogether without a parallel.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Sexual intercourse; <as>as, criminal

<ex>conversation</ex></as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Intercourse; communion; commerce; familiarity;

discourse; dialogue; colloque; talk; chat.</syn> <usage> --

<er>Conversation</er>, <er>Talk</er>. There is a looser sense of

these words, in which they are synonymous; there is a stricter

sense, in which they differ. <xex>Talk</xex> is usually broken,

familiar, and versatile. <xex>Conversation</xex> is more

continuous and sustained, and turns ordinarily upon topics or

higher interest. Children <xex>talk</xex> to their parents or to

their companions; men <xex>converse</xex> together in mixed

assemblies. Dr. Johnson once remarked, of an evening spent in

society, that there had been a great deal of <xex>talk</xex>, but

no <xex>conversation</xex>.</usage>



<-- p. 318 -->



<hw>Con`ver*sa"tion*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to conversation; in the manner of one conversing;

<as>as, a <ex>conversational</ex> style</as>.</def>



<au>Thackeray.</au>



<hw>Con`ver*sa"tion*al*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

conversationist.</def>



<hw>Conver*sa"tioned</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Acquainted with manners and deportment; behaved.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Till she be better <qex>conversationed</qex>, . . . I'll keep

As far from her as the gallows.</q>

<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>



<hw>Con`ver*sa"tion*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

word or phrase used in conversation; a colloqualism.</def>



<hw>Con`ver*sa"tion*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

converses much, or who excels in conversation.</def>



<au>Byron.</au>



<hw>Con*ver"sa*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Relating to intercourse with men; social; -- opposed to

<xex>contemplative</xex>.</def>



<q>She chose . . . to endue him with the <qex>conversative</qex>

qualities of youth.</q>

<qau>Sir H. Wotton.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Con`ver*sa`zi-o"ne</hw> <pr>(?<or/ ?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Conversazioni</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[It. See <er>Conversation</er>.]</ety>

<def>A meeting or assembly for conversation, particularly on

literary or scientific subjects.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<q>These <qex>conversazioni</qex> [at Florence] resemble our card

assemblies.</q>

<qau>A. Drummond.</qau>



<hw>Con*verse"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Conversed</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos>

<er>Conversing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>converser</ets>,

L. <ets>conversari</ets> to associate with; <ets>con-</ets> +

<ets>versari</ets> to be turned, to live, remain, fr.

<ets>versare</ets> to turn often, v. intens. of

<ets>vertere</ets> to turn See <er>Convert</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To keep company; to hold intimate intercourse;

to commune; -- followed by <xex>with</xex>.</def>



<q>To seek the distant hills, and there <qex>converse</qex>

With nature.</q>

<qau>Thomson.</qau>



<q><qex>Conversing</qex> with the world, we use the world's

fashions.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<q>But to <qex>converse</qex> with heaven -

This is not easy.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To engage, in familiar colloqui; to interchange

thoughts and opinions in a free, informal manner; to chat; --

followed by <xex>with</xex> before a person; by <xex>on</xex>,

<xex>about</xex>, <xex>concerning</xex>, etc., before a

thing.</def>



<q>Companions

That do <qex>converse</qex> and waste the time together.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>We had <qex>conversed</qex> so often on that subject.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To have knowledge of, from long intercourse or

study; -- said of things.</def>



<q>According as the objects they <qex>converse</qex> with afford

greater or less variety.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To associate; commune; discourse; talk; chat.</syn>



<hw>Con"verse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Frequent intercourse; familiar communion; intimate

association.</def>



<au>Glanvill.</au>



<q>\'bdT is but to hold

<qex>Converse</qex> with Nature's charms, and view her stores

unrolled.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Familiar discourse; free interchange of thoughts

or views; conversation; chat.</def>



<q>Formed by thy <qex>converse</qex> happily to steer

From grave to gay, from lively to severe.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<hw>Con"verse</hw><def>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conversus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>convertere</ets>. See

<er>Convert</er>.]</ety> Turned about; reversed in order or

relation; reciprocal; <as>as, a <ex>converse</ex>

proposition</as>.</def>



<hw>Con"verse</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Logic)</fld>

<def>A proposition which arises from interchanging the terms of

another, as by putting the predicate for the subject, and the

subject for the predicate; <as>as, no virtue is vice, no vice is

virtue</as>.</def>



<note><hand/ It should not (as is often done) be confounded with

the <xex>contrary</xex> or <xex>opposite</xex> of a proposition,

which is formed by introducing the negative <xex>not</xex> or

<xex>no</xex>.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A proposition in which, after

a conclusion from something supposed has been drawn, the order is

inverted, making the conclusion the supposition or premises, what

was first supposed becoming now the conclusion or inference.

Thus, if two sides of a sides of a triangle are equal, the angles

opposite the sides are equal; and the <xex>converse</xex> is

true, <it>i.e.</it>, if these angles are equal, the two sides are

equal.</def>



<hw>Con"verse*ly</hw> <pr>(? <or/ <?/; 277)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>In a converse manner; with change of order or relation;

reciprocally.</def>



<au>J. S. Mill.</au>



<hw>Con*vers"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

engages in conversation.</def>



<hw>Con*ver"si*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of being converted or reversed.</def>



<au>Hammond.</au>



<hw>Con*ver"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conversio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>conversion</ets>. See

<er>Convert</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of turning or

changing from one state or condition to another, or the state of

being changed; transmutation; change.</def>



<q>Artificial <qex>conversion</qex> of water into ice.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<q>The <qex>conversion</qex> of the aliment into fat.</q>

<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of changing one's views or course, as in

passing from one side, party, or from of religion to another;

also, the state of being so changed.</def>

\'bd<xex>Conversion</xex> to Christianity.\'b8



<au>Prescott.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An appropriation of, and

dealing with the property of another as if it were one's own,

without right; <as>as, the <ex>conversion</ex> of a

horse</as>.</def>



<q>Or bring my action of <qex>conversion</qex>

And trover for my goods.</q>

<qau>Hudibras.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>The act of interchanging the

terms of a proposition, as by putting the subject in the place of

the predicate, or the contrary.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A change or reduction of the

form or value of a proposition; <as>as, the <ex>conversion</ex>

of equations; the <ex>conversion</ex> of proportions.</as></def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A change of

front, as a body of troops attacked in the flank.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A change of character or use, as of smoothbore

guns into rifles.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>A spiritual and moral change

attending a change of belief with conviction; a change of heart;

a change from the service of the world to the service of God; a

change of the ruling disposition of the soul, involving a

transformation of the outward life.</def>



<q>He oft

Frequented their assemblies, . . . and to them preached

<qex>Conversion</qex> and repentance, as to souls

In prison under judgments imminent.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Con*ver"sive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Capable of being converted or changed.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Ready to converse; social.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Feltham.</au>



<hw>Con*vert"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Converted</er>; <pos>p.pr.

& vb.n.</pos> <er>Converting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>convertere</ets>, <ets>-versum</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> +

<ets>vertere</ets> to turn: cf. F. <ets>convertir</ets>. See

<er>Verse</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cause to turn; to

turn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>O, which way shall I first <qex>convert</qex> myself?</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To change or turn from one state or condition to

another; to alter in form, substance, or quality; to transform;

to transmute; <as>as, to <ex>convert</ex> water into

ice</as>.</def>



<q>If the whole atmosphere were <qex>converted</qex> into

water.</q>

<qau>T. Burnet.</qau>



<q>That still lessens

The sorrow, and <qex>converts</qex> it nigh to joy.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To change or turn from one belief or course to

another, as from one religion to another or from one party or

sect to another.</def>



<q>No attempt was made to <qex>convert</qex> the Moslems.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To produce the spiritual change called

conversion in (any one); to turn from a bad life to a good one;

to change the heart and moral character of (any one) from the

controlling power of sin to that of holiness.</def>



<q>He which <qex>converteth</qex> the sinner from the error of

his way shall save a soul from death.</q>

<qau>Lames v. 20.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To apply to any use by a diversion from the

proper or intended use; to appropriate dishonestly or

illegally.</def>



<q>When a bystander took a coin to get it changed, and

<qex>converted</qex> it, [it was] held no larceny.</q>

<qau>Cooley.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To exchange for some specified equivalent;

<as>as, to <ex>convert</ex> goods into money</as>.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>To change (one proposition)

into another, so that what was the subject of the first becomes

the predicate of the second.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>To turn into another language; to

translate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Which story . . . Catullus more elegantly

<qex>converted</qex>.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<cs><col>Converted guns</col>, <cd>cast-iron guns lined with

wrought-iron or steel tubes.</cd> <au>Farrow.</au> --

<col>Converting furnace</col> <fld>(Steel Manuf.)</fld>, <cd>a

furnace in which wrought iron is converted into steel by

cementation.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- To change; turn; transmute; appropriate.</syn>



<hw>Con*vert"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To be turned or changed

in character or direction; to undergo a change, physically or

morally.</def>



<q>If Nebo had had the preaching that thou hast, they [the

Neboites] would have <qex>converted</qex>.</q>

<qau>Latimer.</qau>



<q>A red dust which <qex>converth</qex> into worms.</q>

<qau>Sandys.</qau>



<q>The public hope

And eye to thee <qex>converting</qex>.</q>

<qau>Thomson.</qau>



<hw>Con"vert</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

person who is converted from one opinion or practice to another;

a person who is won over to, or heartily embraces, a creed,

religious system, or party, in which he has not previously

believed; especially, one who turns from the controlling power of

sin to that of holiness, or from unbelief to Christianity.</def>



<q>The Jesuits did not persuade the <qex>converts</qex> to lay

aside the use of images.</q>

<qau>Bp. Stillingfleet.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A lay friar or brother, permitted to enter a

monastery for the service of the house, but without orders, and

not allowed to sing in the choir.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Proselyte; neophyte.</syn> <usage> --

<er>Convert</er>, <er>Proselyte</er>, <er>Pervert</er>. A

<xex>convert</xex> is one who turns from what he believes to have

been a decided error of faith or practice. Such a change may

relate to religion, politics, or other subjects. properly

considered, it is not confined to speculation alone, but affects

the whole current of one's feelings and the tenor of his actions.

As such a change carries with it the appearance of sincerity, the

term <xex>convert</xex> is usually taken in a good sense.

<xex>Proselyte</xex> is a term of more ambiguous use and

application. It was first applied to an adherent of one religious

system who had transferred himself externally to some other

religious system; and is also applied to one who makes a similar

transfer in respect to systems of philosophy or speculation. The

term has little or no reference to the state of the heart.

<xex>Pervert</xex> is a term of recent origin, designed to

express the contrary of <xex>convert</xex>, and to stigmatize a

person as drawn off perverted from the true faith. It has been

more particulary applied by members of the Church of England to

those who have joined the Roman Catholic Church.</usage>



<hw>Con`ver*tend"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>convertenus</ets> to be converted.]</ety> <fld>(Logic)</fld>

<def>Any proposition which is subject to the process of

conversion; -- so called in its relation to itself as converted,

after which process it is termed the <xex>conversae</xex>. See

<er>Converse</er>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Logic)</fld>.</def>



<hw>Con*vert"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who converts; one who makes converts.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Steel Manuf.)</fld> <def>A retort, used in the

Bessemer process, in which molten cast iron is decarburized and

converted into steel by a blast of air forced through the liquid

metal.</def>



<hw>Con*vert`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

condition or quality of being convertible; capability of being

exchanged; convertibleness.</def>



<q>The mutual <qex>convertibility</qex> of land into money, and

of money into land.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<hw>Con*vert"i*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>convertibilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>convertible</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Capable of being converted; susceptible of

change; transmutable; transformable.</def>



<q>Minerals are not <qex>convertible</qex> into another species,

though of the same genus.</q>

<qau>Harvey.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Capable of being exchanged or interchanged;

reciprocal; interchangeable.</def>



<q>So long as we are in the regions of nature, miraculous and

improbable, miraculous and incredible, may be allowed to remain

<qex>convertible</qex> terms.</q>

<qau>Trench.</qau>



<hw>Con*vert"i*ble*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

state of being convertible; convertibility.</def>



<hw>Con*vert"i*bly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a convertible

manner.</def>



<hw>Con"vert*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. It.

<ets>convertito</ets>, p.p. of <ets>convertire</ets> to

convert.]</ety> <def>A convert.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Con"vex</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>convexus</ets> vaulted, arched, convex, concave, fr.

<ets>convehere</ets> to bring together: cf. F.

<ets>convexe</ets>. See <er>Vehicle</er>.]</ety> <def>Rising or

swelling into a spherical or rounded form; regularly protuberant

or bulging; -- said of a spherical surface or curved line when

viewed from without, in opposition to <xex>concave</xex>.</def>



<q>Drops of water naturally form themselves into figures with a

<qex>convex</qex> surface.</q>

<qau>Whewell.</qau>



<cs><col>Double convex</col>, <cd>convex on both sides;

convexo-convex.</cd></cs>



<hw>Con"vex</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A convex body or

surface.</def>



<q>Half heaven's <qex>convex</qex> glitters with the flame.</q>

<qau>Tickell.</qau>



<note><hand/ This word was often pronounced <xex>con-vex'</xex>

by early writers, as by Milton, and occasionallyby later

poets.</note>



<hw>Con"vexed</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>  <def>Made

convex; protuberant in a spherical form.</def>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Con*vex"ed*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>dv.</pos> <def>In a

convex form; convexly.</def>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Con*vex"ed*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Convexity.</def>



<hw>Con*vex"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Convexities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.

<ets>convexitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>convexit\'82</ets>.]</ety>

<def>The state of being convex; the exterior surface of a convex

body; roundness.</def>



<q>A smooth, uniform <qex>convexity</qex> and rotundity of a

globe.</q>

<qau>Bentley.</qau>



<hw>Con"vex*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

convex form; <as>as, a body <ex>convexly</ex> shaped</as>.</def>



<hw>Con"vex*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being

convex; convexity.</def>



<hw>Con*vex"o-con"cave</hw> <pr>(?<or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Convex on one side, and concave on the other. The curves of

the convex and concave sides may be alike or may be different.

See <er>Meniscus</er>.</def>



<hw>Con*vex"o-con"vex</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Convex on bot<?/ sides; double convex. See under

<er>Convex</er>, <pos>a.</pos></def>



<hw>Con*vex"o-plane`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Convex

on one side, and flat on the other; plano-convex.</def>



<hw>Con*vey"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Conveyed</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos>

<er>Conveying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>conveir</ets>,

<ets>convoier</ets>, to escort, convoy, F. <ets>convoyer</ets>,

LL. <ets>conviare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>via</ets>

way. See <er>Viaduct</er>, <er>Voyage</er>, and cf.

<er>Convoy</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To carry from one place

to another; to bear or transport.</def>



<q>I will <qex>convey</qex> them by sea in fleats.</q>

<qau>1 Kings v. 9.</qau>



<q><qex>Convey</qex> me to my bed, then to my grave.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cause to pass from one place or person to

another; to serve as a medium in carrying (anything) from one

place or person to another; to transmit; <as>as, air

<ex>conveys</ex> sound; words <ex>convey</ex> ideas.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To transfer or deliver to another; to make over,

as property; more strictly <fld>(Law)</fld>, to transfer (real

estate) or pass (a title to real estate) by a sealed

writing.</def>



<q>The Earl of Desmond . . . secretly <qex>conveyed</qex> all his

lands to feoffees in trust.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To impart or communicate; <as>as, to

<ex>convey</ex> an impression; to <ex>convey</ex>

information.</as></def>



<q>Men fill one another's heads with noise and sound, but

<qex>convey</qex> not thereby their thoughts.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To manage with privacy; to carry out.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>I . . . will <qex>convey</qex> the business as I shall find

means.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To carry or take away secretly; to steal; to

thieve.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>To accompany; to convoy.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- To carry; transport; bear; transmit; trnsfer.</syn>



<hw>Con*vey"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To play the thief; to

steal.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>



<q>But as I am Crack, I will <qex>convey</qex>, crossbite, and

cheat upon Simplicius.</q>

<qau>Marston.</qau>



<hw>Con*vey"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of being conveyed or transferred.</def>



<au>Burke.</au>



<hw>Con*vey"ance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of conveying, carrying, or transporting;

carriage.</def>



<q>The long joirney was to be performed on horseback, -- the only

sure mode of <qex>conveyamce</qex>.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<q>Following th river downward, there is <qex>conveyance</qex>

into the countries named in the text.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Raleigh.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The instrument or means of carrying or

transporting anything from place to place; the vehicle in which,

or means by which, anything is carried from one place to another;

<as>as, stagecoaches, omnibuses, etc., are <ex>conveyances</ex>;

a canal or aqueduct is a <ex>conveyance</ex> for

water</as>.</def>



<q>There pipes and these <qex>conveyances</qex> of our blood.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The act or process of transferring,

transmitting, handing down, or communicating; transmission.</def>



<q>Tradition is no infallible way of <qex>conveyance</qex>.</q>

<qau>Stillingfleet.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The act by which the title to

property, esp. real estate, is transferred; transfer of

ownership; an instrument in writing (as a deed or mortgage), by

which the title to property is conveyed from one person to

another.</def>



<q>[He] found the <qex>conveyances</qex> in law to be so firm,

that in justice he must decree the land to the earl.</q>

<qau>Clarendon.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Dishonest management, or artifice.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>the very jesuits themselves . . . can not possibly devise any

juggling <qex>conveyance</qex> how to shift it off.</q>

<qau>Hakewill.</qau>



<hw>Con*vey"an*cer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One whose business is to draw up

conveyances of property, as deeds, mortgages, leases, etc.</def>



<au>Burrill.</au>



<hw>Con*vey"an*cing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The business of a conveyancer; the act or

business of drawing deeds, leases, or other writings, for

transferring the title to property from one person to

another.</def>



<-- p. 319 -->



<hw>Con*vey"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who, or that which, conveys or carries, transmits or

transfers.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One given to artifices or secret practices; a

juggler; a cheat; a thief.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Con*vey"or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A contrivance for carrying objects from

place to place; esp., one for conveying grain, coal, etc., -- as

a spiral or screw turning in a pipe or trough, an endless belt

with buckets, or a truck running along a rope.</def>



<hw>Con*vi"ci*ate</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conviciatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>conviciari</ets> to revile,

fr. <ets>convicium</ets> loud reproach.]</ety> <def>To utter

reproaches; to raise a clamor; to rail.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>To <qex>conviciate</qex> instead of accusing.</q>

<qau>Laud.</qau>



<hw>Con`vi*cin"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Convicinities</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>Immediate

vicinity; neighborhood.</def>



<q>The <qex>convicinity</qex> and contiguity of the two

parishes.</q>

<qau>T. Warton.</qau>



<hw>Con*vi"cious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Expressing

reproach; abusive; railing; taunting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

\'bd<xex>Convicious</xex> words.\'b8



<au>Queen Elizabeth (1559).</au>



<hw>Con*vict"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p.a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>convictus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>convincere</ets> to convict,

prove. See <er>Convice</er>.]</ety> <def>Proved or found guilty;

convicted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<q><qex>Convict</qex> by flight, and rebel to all law.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Con"vict</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

person proved guilty of a crime alleged against him; one legally

convicted or sentenced to punishment for some crime.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A criminal sentenced to penal servitude.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Malefactor; culprit; felon; criminal.</syn>



<hw>Con*vict"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Convicted</er>; <pos>p.pr.

& vb.n.</pos> <er>Convicting</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To prove or find guilty of an offense or crime charged; to

pronounce guilty, as by legal decision, or by one's

conscience.</def>



<q>He [Baxter] . . . had been <qex>convicted</qex> by a jury.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<q>They which heard it, being <qex>convicted</qex> by their own

conscience, went out one by one.</q>

<qau>John viii. 9.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To prove or show to be false; to confute; to

refute.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne</au>.



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To demonstrate by proof or evidence; to

prove.</def>



<q>Imagining that these proofs will <qex>convict</qex> a

testament, to have that in it which other men can nowhere by

reading find.</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To defeat; to doom to destruction.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A whole armado of <qex>convicted</qex> sail.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To confute; defect; convince; confound.</syn>



<hw>Con*vict1i*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of being convicted.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Ash.</au>



<hw>Con*vic"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>convictio</ets> proof: cf. F. <ets>conviction</ets>

conviction (in sense 3 & 4). See <er>Convict</er>,

<er>Convince</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of convicting;

the act of proving, finding, or adjudging, guilty of an

offense.</def>



<q>The greater certainty of <qex>conviction</qex> and the greater

certainty of punishment.</q>

<qau>Hallam.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A judgment of condemnation

entered by a court having jurisdiction; the act or process of

finding guilty, or the state of being found guilty of any crime

by a legal tribunal.</def>



<q><qex>Conviction</qex> may accrue two ways.</q>

<qau>Blackstone.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The act of convincing of error, or of compelling

the admission of a truth; confutation.</def>



<q>For all his tedious talk is but vain boast,

Or subtle shifts <qex>conviction</qex> to evade.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The state of being convinced or convicted;

strong persuasion or belief; especially, the state of being

convicted of sin, or by one's conscience.</def>



<q>To call good evil, and evil good, against the

<qex>conviction</qex> of their own consciences.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<q>And did you presently fall under the power of this

<qex>conviction</qex>?</q>

<qau>Bunyan.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Conviction</er>; <er>persuasion</er>.</syn>

<usage> -- <xex>Conviction</xex> respects soley matters of belief

or faith; <xex>persuasion</xex> respects matters of belief or

practice. <xex>Conviction</xex> respects our most important

duties; <xex>persuasion</xex> is frequently applied to matters of

indifference. <au>Crabb.</au> -- <xex>Conviction</xex> is the

result of the [operation of the] understanding;

<xex>persuasion</xex>, of the will. <xex>Conviction</xex> is a

necessity of the mind, <xex>persuasion</xex> an acquiescence of

the inclination.</usage> <au>C. J. Smith.</au> --

<xex>Persuasion</xex> often induces men to act in opposition to

their <xex>conviction</xex> of duty.



<hw>Con"vict*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The policy

or practice of transporting convicts to penal settlements.</def>

\'bdThe evils of <xex>convictism</xex>.\'b8



<au>W. Howitt.</au>



<hw>Con*vict"ive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Convincing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>The best and most <qex>convictive</qex> argument.</q>

<qau>Glanwill.</qau>



-- <wordforms><wf>Con*vict"ive*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Con*vict"ive*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Con*vince"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Convinced</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos>

<er>Convincing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[<ets>L</ets>.

<ets>convincere</ets>, <ets>-victum</ets>, to refute, prove;

<ets>con-</ets> + <ets>vincere</ets> to conquer. See

<er>Victor</er>, and cf. <er>Convict</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To overpower; to overcome; to subdue or master.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>His two chamberlains

Will I with wine and wassail so <qex>convince</qex>

That memory, the warder of the brain,

Shall be a fume.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To overcome by argument; to force to yield

assent to truth; to satisfy by proof.</def>



<q>Such convincing proofs and assurances of it as might enable

them to <qex>convince</qex> others.</q>

<qau>Atterbury.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To confute; to prove the fallacy of.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>God never wrought miracle to <qex>convince</qex> atheism,

because his ordinary works <qex>convince</qex> it.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To prove guilty; to convinct.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Which of you <qex>convinceth</qex> me of sin?</q>

<qau>John viii. 46.</qau>



<q>Seek not to <qex>convince me of a crime</qex>

<qex>Which I can ne'er repent</qex>, <qex>nor you can

pardon</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To persuade; satisfy; convict.</syn> <usage> -- To

<er>Convince</er>, <er>persuade</er>. To <xex>convince</xex> is

an act of the understanding; to <xex>persuade</xex>, of the will

or feelings. The one is effected by argument, the other by

motives. There are cases, however, in which <xex>persuade</xex>

may seem to be used in reference only to the assent of the

understanding; as when we say, I am <xex>persuaded</xex> it is

so; I can not <xex>persuade</xex> myself of the fact. But in such

instances there is usually or always a degree of awakened feeling

which has had its share in producing the assent of the

understanding.</usage>



<hw>Con*vince"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Act of

convincing, or state of being convinced; conviction.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>The fear of a <qex>convincement</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Con*vin"cer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, convinces; one who wins over by proof.</def>



<hw>Con*vin"ci*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Capable of being convinced or won over.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Capable of being confuted and disproved by

argument; refutable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Con*vin"cing*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>in a

convincing manner; in a manner to compel assent.</def>



<hw>Con*vin"cing*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The power of

convincing, or the quality of being convincing.</def>



<hw>Con*viv"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>convivalis</ets>. See <er>Convive</er>.]</ety>

<def>pertaining to a feast or to festivity; convivial.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdA <xex>convival</xex> dish.\'b8



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Con*vive"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>convivari</ets>; akin to <ets>convivium</ets> a feast,

<ets>convivere</ets> to live or feast together; <ets>con-</ets> +

<ets>vivere</ets> to live.]</ety> <def>To feast together; to be

convivial.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdThere, in the full,

<xex>convive</xex> we.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Con"vive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>conviva</ets>: cf. F. <ets>convive</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

quest at a banquet.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Beaumont.</au>



<hw>Con*viv"i*al</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

L. <ets>convivium</ets> a feast; <ets>con-</ets> +

<ets>vivere</ets> to live. See <er>Victuals</er>, and cf.

<er>Convive</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or relating to a feast or

entertainment, or to eating and drinking, with accompanying

festivity; festive; social; gay; jovial.</def>



<q>Which feasts <qex>convivial</qex> meetings we did name.</q>

<qau>Denham.</qau>



<hw>Con*viv"i*al*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A person of

convivial habits.</def>



<hw>Con*viv`i*al"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Convivialities</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>. </plu>The good humor or

mirth indulged in upon festive occasions; a convivial spirit or

humor; festivity.</def>



<hw>Con*viv"i*al*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

convivial manner.</def>



<hw>Con"vo*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Convocated</er>;

<pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos> <er>Convocating</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[L. <ets>convocatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>convocare</ets> to

convocate; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>vocare</ets> to call. See

<er>Vocal</er>, and cf. <er>Convoce</er>.]</ety> <def>To convoke;

to call together.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>May (Lucan).</au>



<hw>Con`vo*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>convocatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>convocation</ets>.

<ets>See</ets> <er>Convoke</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act

of calling or assembling by summons.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An assembly or meeting.</def>



<q>In the first day there shall be a holy

<qex>convocation</qex>.</q>

<qau>Ex. xii. 16.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Ch. of Eng.)</fld> <def>An assembly of the

clergy, by their representatives, to consult on ecclesiastical

affairs.</def>



<note><hand/ In England, the provinces of Canterbury and York

have each their convocation, but no session for business were

allowed from 1717 to 1861. The <xex>Convocation of

Canterbury</xex> consists of two houses. In the <xex>Convocation

of York</xex> the business has been generally conducted in one

assembly.</note>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Oxf. University)</fld> <def>An academical

assembly, in which the business of the university is

transacted.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- meeting; assembly; congregation; congress; diet;

convention; synod; council.</syn>



<hw>Con`vo*ca"tion*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to a convocation.</def>



<hw>Con`vo*ca"tion*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An advocate or

defender of convocation.</def>



<hw>Con*voke"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Convoked</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos>

<er>Convoking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>convocare</ets>:

cf. F. <ets>convoquer</ets>. See <er>Convocate</er>.]</ety>

<def>To call together; to summon to meet; to assemble by

summons.</def>



<q>There remained no resource but the dreadful one of

<qex>convoking</qex> a parliament.</q>

<qau>palfrey.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To summon; assemble; convene. See

<er>Call</er>.</syn>



<hw>Con"vo*lute</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>convolutus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>convolvere</ets>. See

<er>Convolve</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Rolled or wound

together, one part upon another; -- said of the leaves of plants

in \'91stivation.</def>



<hw>Con"vo*lu`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Having convolutions.</def>



<q>beaks recurved and <qex>convoluted</qex> like a ram's

horn.</q>

<qau>Pennant.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Folded in tortuous windings.</def>



<q>A highly <qex>convoluted</qex> brain.</q>

<qau>North Amer. Rev.</qau>



<hw>Con`vo*lu"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of rolling anything upon itself, or one thing upon

another; a winding motion.</def>



<q>O'er the calm sea, in <qex>convolution</qex> swift,

The feathered eddy floats.</q>

<qau>Thomson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being rolled upon itself, or rolled

or doubled together; a tortuous or sinuous winding or fold, as of

something rolled or folded upon itself.</def>



<au>Blackmore.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>An irregular, tortuous

folding of an organ or part; <as>as, the <ex>convolutions</ex> of

the intestines; the cerebral <ex>convolutions</ex>. See

<er>Brain</er>.</as></def>



<hw>Con*volve"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Convolved</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos>

<er>Convolving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>convolvere</ets>,

<ets>-volutum</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>volvere</ets> to

roll. See <er>Voluble</er>.]</ety> <def>To roll or wind together;

to roll or twist one part on another.</def>



<q>Then Satan first knew pain,

And writhed him to and fro <qex>convolved</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Con*vol`vu*la"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[From <er>Convolvus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of,

pertaining to, or resembling, the family of plants of which the

bindweed and the morning-glory are common examples.</def>



<hw>Con*vol"vu*lin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A glucoside occurring in jalap (the root

of a convolvulaceous plant), and extracted as a colorless,

tasteless, gummy mass of powerful purgative properties.</def>



<hw>Con*vol"vu*lus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

L.<plw>Convolvuli</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, E. <plw>Convoluluses</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L., bindweed, fr. <ets>convolvere</ets>

to roll around. So named from its twining stems.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A large genus of plants having

monopetalous flowers, including the common bindweed (<spn>C.

arwensis</spn>), and formerly the morning-glory, but this is now

transferred to the genus <spn>Ipom\'91a</spn>.</def>



<q>The luster of the long <qex>convolvuluses</qex>

That coiled around the stately stems.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Con*voy"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Convoyed</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos>

<er>Convoying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>convoyer</ets>,

OF. <ets>conveier</ets>, <ets>convoier</ets>. See

<er>Convey</er>.]</ety> <def>To accompany for protection, either

by sea or land; to attend for protection; to escort; <as>as, a

frigate <ex>convoys</ex> a merchantman</as>.</def>



<q>I know ye skillful to <qex>convoy</qex>

The total freight of hope and joy.</q>

<qau>Emerson.</qau>



<hw>Con"voy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>convoi</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of attending

for defense; the state of being so attended; protection;

escort.</def>



<q>To obtain the <qex>convoy</qex> of a man-of-war.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A vessel or fleet, or a train or trains of

wagons, employed in the transportation of munitions of war,

money, subsistence, clothing, etc., and having an armed

escort.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A protection force accompanying ships, etc., on

their way from place to place, by sea or land; an escort, for

protection or guidance.</def>



<q>When every morn my bosom glowed

To watch the <qex>convoy</qex> on the road.</q>

<qau>Emerson.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Conveyance; means of transportation.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A drag or brake applied to the wheels of a

carriage, to check their velocity in going down a hill.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Con*vulse"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Convulsed</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos>

<er>Convulsing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>convulsus</ets>,

p.p. of <ets>convellere</ets> to tear up, to shake;

<ets>con-</ets> + <ets>vellere</ets> to pluck, pull.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To contract violently and irregulary, as the

muscular parts of an animal body; to shake with irregular spasms,

as in excessive laughter, or in agony from grief or pain.</def>



<q>With emotions which checked his voice and <qex>convulsed</qex>

his powerful frame.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To agitate greatly; to shake violently.</def>



<q>The world is <qex>convulsed by the agonies of great

nations</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To agitate; disturb; shake; tear; rend.</syn>



<hw>Con*vul"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>convulsio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>convulsion</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An unnatural, violent, and

unvoluntary contraction of the muscular parts of an animal

body.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any violent and irregular motion or agitation; a

violent shaking; a tumult; a commotion.</def>



<q>Those two massy pillars,

With horrible <qex>convulsion</qex>, to and fro

He tugged, he shook, till down they came.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>Times of violence and <qex>convulsion</qex>.</q>

<qau>Ames.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Agitation; commotion; tumult; disturbance.</syn>



<hw>Con*vul"sion*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to, or having, convulsions; convulsionary.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Lamb.</au>



<hw>Con*vul"sion*a*ry</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>convulsionnaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining

to convulsion; convulsive. \'bd<xex>Convulsionary</xex>

struggles.\'b8</q>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>Con*vul"sion*a*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

convulsionist.</def>



<hw>Con*vul"sion*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who has

convulsions; esp., one of a body of fanatics in France, early in

the eighteenth century, who went into convulsions under the

influence of religious emotion; <as>as, the

<ex>Convulsionists</ex> of St. M\'82dard.</as></def>



<hw>Con*vul"sive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>convulsif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Producing, or attended with,

convulsions or spasms; characterized by convulsions;

convulsionary.</def>



<q>An irregular, <qex>convulsive</qex> movement may be necessary

to throw off an irregular, <qex>convulsive</qex> disease.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<hw>Con*vul"sive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>in a convulsive

manner.</def>



<hw>Co"ny</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>coning</ets>, <ets>conig</ets>, <ets>coni</ets>, OF.

<ets>connin</ets>, <ets>conin</ets>, <ets>connil</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>cuniculus</ets> a rabbit, cony, prob. an Hispanic

word.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>coney</asp>.]</altsp>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A rabbit,

esp., the European rabbit (<spn>Lepus cuniculus</spn>)</def>.

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The chief hare.</def>



<note><hand/ The <xex>cony</xex> of Scripture is thought to be

<spn>Hyrax Syriacus</spn>, called also <altname>daman</altname>,

and <altname>cherogril</altname>. See <er>Daman</er>.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A simpleton.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>It is a most simple animal; whence are derived our usual

phrases of <qex>cony</qex> and <qex>cony catcher</qex>.</q>

<qau>Diet's Dry Dinner (1599).</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An important

edible West Indian fish (<spn>Epinephelus apua</spn>); the hind

of Bermuda.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A local name of the

burbot.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Co"ny-catch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

deceive; to cheat; to trick.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Take heed, Signor Baptista, lest you be

<qex>cony-catched</qex> in the this business.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Co"ny-catch`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A cheat;

a sharper; a deceiver.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Minsheu.</au>



<hw>Con"y*lene</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Con</ets>ine + acetylene.]</ety> <def>An oily

substance, <chform>C8H14</chform>, obtained from several

derivatives of conine.</def>



<hw>Con"y*rine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Conine</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A blue,

fluorescent, oily base (regarded as a derivative of pyridine),

obtained from conine.</def>



<hw>Coo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp.

& p.p.</pos> <er>Cooed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.pr. &

vb.n.</pos> <er>Cooing</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

make a low repeated cry or sound, like the characteristic note of

pigeons or doves.</def>



<q>The stockdove only through the forest <qex>cooes</qex>,

Mournfully hoarse.</q>

<qau>Thomson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To show affection; to act in a loving way. See

under <er>Bill</er>, <xex>v. i.</xex></def> \'bdBilling or

<xex>cooing</xex>.\'b8



<au>Byron.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Coo"ey</hw>, <hw>Coo"ee</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Of imitative origin.]</ety> <def>A peculiar

whistling sound made by the Australian aborigenes as a call or

signal.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>cooie</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Cook</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Of imitative

origin.]</ety> <def>To make the noise of the cuckoo.</def>

<mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>



<q>Constant cuckoos <qex>cook</qex> on every side.</q>

<qau>The Silkworms (1599).</qau>



<hw>Cook</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.

unknown.]</ety> <def>To throw.</def> <mark>[Prov.Eng.]</mark>

\'bd<xex>Cook</xex> me that ball.\'b8



<au>Grose.</au>



<hw>Cook</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>c\'d3c</ets>, fr. l. <ets>cocus</ets>, <ets>coquus</ets>,

<ets>coquus</ets>, fr. <ets>coquere</ets> to cook; akin to Gr.

<?/, Skr. <ets>pac</ets>, and to E. <ets>apricot</ets>,

<ets>biscuit</ets>, <ets>concoct</ets>, <ets>dyspepsia</ets>,

<ets>precocious</ets>. Cf. <er>Pumpkin</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One whose occupation is to prepare food for the table; one

who dresses or cooks meat or vegetables for eating.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish, the European

striped wrasse.</def>



<hw>Cook</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. &

p.p.</pos> <er>Cooked</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.pr & vb.n.</pos>

<er>Cooking</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To prepare, as

food, by boiling, roasting, baking, broiling, etc.; to make

suitable for eating, by the agency of fire or heat.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To concoct or prepare; hence, to tamper with or

alter; to garble; -- often with <xex>up</xex>; <as>as, to

<ex>cook</ex> up a story; to <ex>cook</ex> an account.</as></def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<q>They all of them receive the same advices from abroad, and

very often in the same words; but their way of <qex>cooking</qex>

it is so different.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<hw>Cook</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To prepare food

for the table.</def>



<hw>Cook"book`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A book of

directions and receipts for cooking; a cookery book.</def>

<mark>[U.S.]</mark>



<q>\'bdJust How\'b8: a key to the <qex>cookbooks</qex>.</q>

<qau>Mrs. A. D. T. Whitney.</qau>



<hw>Cook*ee"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><def>A female

cook.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Cook"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The art or process of preparing food for the table, by

dressing, compounding, and the application of heat.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A delicacy; a dainty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>R. North.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cook"ey</hw>, <hw>Cook"ie</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Cooky</er>.</def>



<hw>Cook"maid`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A female

servant or maid who dresses provisions and assists the

cook.</def>



<hw>Cook"room`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A room for

cookery; a kitchen; the galley or caboose of a ship.</def>



<au>Sir W. Raleigh.</au>



<hw>Cook`shop</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An eating

house.</def> \'bdA subterranean <xex>cookshop</xex>.\'b8



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<hw>Cook"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Cookies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Cf. D.

<ets>koek</ets> cake, dim. <ets>koekje</ets>; akin to G.

<ets>kuchen</ets>, E. <ets>cake</ets>; or cf. OE.

<ets>coket</ets>, prob., a sort of cake, and prob. of French

origin.]</ety> <def>A small, flat, sweetened cake of various

kinds.</def>



<hw>Cool</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Cooler</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Coolest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS.

<ets>c\'d3l</ets>; akin to D. <ets>koel</ets>, G.

<ets>k\'81hl</ets>, OHG. chouli, Dan. <ets>k\'94lig</ets>, Sw.

<ets>kylig</ets>, also to AS. <ets>calan</ets> to be cold, Icel.

<ets>kala</ets>. See <er>Cold</er>, and cf.

<er>Chill</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Moderately cold; between

warm and cold; lacking in warmth; producing or promoting

coolness.</def>



<q>Fanned with <qex>cool</qex> winds.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not ardent, warm, fond, or passionate; not

hasty; deliberate; exercising self-control; self-possessed;

dispassionate; indifferent; <as>as, a <ex>cool</ex> lover; a

<ex>cool</ex> debater.</as></def>



<q>For a patriot, too <qex>cool</qex>.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Not retaining heat; light; <as>as, a

<ex>cool</ex> dress</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Manifesting coldness or dislike; chilling;

apathetic; <as>as, a <ex>cool</ex> manner</as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Quietly impudent; negligent of propriety in

matters of minor importance, either ignorantly or willfully;

presuming and selfish; audacious; <as>as, <ex>cool</ex>

behavior</as>.</def>



<q>Its <qex>cool</qex> stare of familiarity was intolerable.</q>

<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Applied facetiously, in a vague sense, to a sum

of money, commonly as if to give emphasis to the largeness of the

amount.</def>



<q>He had lost a <qex>cool</qex> hundred.</q>

<qau>Fielding.</qau>



<q>Leaving a <qex>cool</qex> thousand to Mr.Matthew Pocket.</q>

<qau>Dickens.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Calm; dispassionate; self-possessed; composed;

repulsive; frigid; alienated; impudent.</syn>



<hw>Cool</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A moderate state of cold;

coolness; -- said of the temperature of the air between hot and

cold; <as>as, the <ex>cool</ex> of the day; the <ex>cool</ex> of

the morning or evening.</as></def>



<hw>Cool</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. &

p.p.</pos> <er>Cooled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos>

<er>Cooling</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make cool or

cold; to reduce the temperature of; <as>as, ice <ex>cools</ex>

water</as>.</def>



<q>Send Lazarus, that he may dip the tip of his finger in water,

and <qex>cool</qex> my tongue.</q>

<qau>Luke xvi. 24.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To moderate the heat or excitement of; to allay,

as passion of any kind; to calm; to moderate.</def>



<q>We have reason to <qex>cool</qex> our raging motions, our

carnal stings, our unbitted lusts.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>To cool the heels</col>, <cd>to dance attendance; to

wait, as for admission to a patron's house.

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Cool</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To become less

hot; to lose heat.</def>



<q>I saw a smith stand with his hammer, thus,

the whilst his iron did on the anvil <qex>cool</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To lose the heat of excitement or passion; to

become more moderate.</def>



<q>I will not give myself liberty to think, lest I should

<qex>cool</qex>.</q>

<qau>Congreve.</qau>



<hw>Cool"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That which

cools, or abates heat or excitement.</def>



<q>if acid things were used only as <qex>coolers</qex>, they

would not be so proper in this case.</q>

<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything in or by which liquids or other things

are cooled, as an ice chest, a vessel for ice water, etc.</def>



<hw>Cool"-head`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a

temper not easily excited; free from passion.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Cool"-head`ed*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Coo"lie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Cooly</er>.</def>



<hw>Cool"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p.a.</pos> <def>Adapted to

cool and refresh; allaying heat.</def> \'bdThe <xex>cooling</xex>

brook.\'b8



<au>Goldsmith.</au>



<cs><col>Cooling card</col>, <cd>something that dashes

hopes.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <col>Cooling time</col>

<fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>such a lapse of time as ought, taking all

the circumstances of the case in view, to produce a subsiding of

passion previously provoked.</cd></cs>



<au>Wharton.</au>



<hw>Cool"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Somewhat cool.</def>



<q>The nights began to grow a little <qex>coolish</qex>.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<hw>Cool"ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Coolish; cool.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Cool"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a cool manner; without

heat or excessive cold; without passion or ardor; calmly;

deliberately; with indifference; impudently.</def>



<hw>Cool"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The state of

being cool; a moderate degree of cold; a moderate degree, or a

want, of passion; want of ardor, zeal, or affection;

calmness.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Calm impudence; self-possession.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Coo"lung</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From the

native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The great gray

crane of India (<spn>Grus cinerea</spn>).</def> <altsp>[Also

written <asp>coolen</asp> and <asp>cullum</asp>.]</altsp>



<mhw>{ <hw>Coo"ly</hw>, <hw>Coo"lie</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Coolies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu>

<ety>[Hind. <ets>k<?/l\'c6</ets> a laborer, porter: cf. Turk.

<ets>k<?/l</ets>, <ets>ky<?/leh</ets>, slave.]</ety> <def>An East

Indian porter or carrier; a laborer transported from the East

Indies, China, or Japan, for service in some other country.</def>



<hw>Coom</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. G.

<ets>kahm</ets> mold gathered on liquids, D. <ets>kam</ets>, Sw.

<ets>kimr\'94k</ets> pine soot, smoke black, Icel.

<ets>k\'bem</ets> grime, film of dirt.]</ety> <def>Soot; coal

dust; refuse matter, as the dirty grease which comes from axle

boxes, or the refuse at the mouth of an oven.</def>



<au>Phillips. Bailey.</au>



<hw>Coomb</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>cumb</ets> a liquid measure, perh. from LL. <ets>cumba</ets>

boat, tomb of stone, fr. Gr. <?/ hollow of a vessel, cup, boat,

but cf. G. <ets>kumpf</ets> bowl.]</ety> <def>A dry measure of

four bushels, or half a quarter.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>comb</asp>.]</altsp>



<mhw>{ <hw>Coomb</hw>, <hw>Coombe</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Comb</er>, <er>Combe</er>, in this

sense.]</ety> <def>A hollow in a hillside. <mark>[Prov.

Eng.]</mark> See <er>Comb</er>, <er>Combe</er>.</def>



<hw>Coon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A raccoon. See <er>Raccoon</er>.</def>



<hw>Coon"tie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A cycadaceous plant of Florida and the West Indies, the

<spn>Zamia integrifolia</spn>, from the stems of which a kind of

sago is prepared.</def>



<hw>Coop</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. AS.

<ets>cypa</ets> a measure, D. <ets>kuip</ets> tub, Icel.

<ets>kupa</ets> bowl, G. <ets>kufe</ets> coop tub; all fr. L.

<ets>cupa</ets> vat, tub, LL. <ets>cupa</ets>, <ets>copa</ets>,

cup. See <er>Cup</er>, and cf. <er>Keeve</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A barrel or cask for liquor.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An inclosure for keeping small animals; a pen;

especially, a grated box for confining poultry.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A cart made close with boarde; a tumbrel.</def>

<mark>[Scotch]</mark>



<hw>Coop</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. &

p.p.</pos> <er>Cooped</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos>

<er>Cooping</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To confine in a coop; hence,

to shut up or confine in a narrow compass; to cramp; -- usually

followed by <xex>up</xex>, sometimes by <xex>in</xex>.</def>



<q>The Trojans <qex>coopet</qex> within their walls so long.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>The contempt of all other knowledge . . . <qex>coops</qex> the

understanding up within narrow bounds.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To work upon in the manner of a cooper.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdShaken tubs . . . be new

<xex>cooped</xex>.\'b8



<au>Holland.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- To crowd; confine; imprison.</syn>



<hw>Coo*pee"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Coupe</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Coop"er</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Coop</er>.]</ety> <def>One who makes barrels, hogsheads,

casks, etc.</def>



<hw>Coop"er</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. &

p.p.</pos> <er>Coopered</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.pr. &

vb.n.</pos> <er>Coopering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To do the work

of a cooper upon; <as>as, to <ex>cooper</ex> a cask or

barrel</as>.</def>



<hw>Coop"er*age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Work done by a cooper.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The price paid for coopers; work.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A place where coopers' work is done.</def>



<hw>Co*\'94p"er*ant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>coop\'82rant</ets>.]</ety> <def>Operating together; <as>as,

<ex>co\'94perant</ex> forces</as>.</def>



<hw>Co*\'94p"er*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Co\'94perated</er>;

<pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos> <er>Co\'94perating</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[L. <ets>co\'94peratus</ets>, p.p. of

<ets>co\'94perari</ets> to co\'94perate; <ets>co + operari</ets>

to work, <ets>opus</ets> work. See <er>Operate</er>.]</ety>

<def>To act or operate jointly with another or others; to concur

in action, effort, or effect.</def>



<q>Whate'er <qex>co\'94perates</qex> to the common mirth.</q>

<qau>Crashaw.</qau>



<hw>Co*\'94p`er*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>co\'94peratio</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>coop\'82ration</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

co\'94perating, or of operating together to one end; joint

operation; concurrent effort or labor.</def>



<q>Not holpen by the <qex>co\'94peration</qex> of angels.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Polit. Econ.)</fld> <def>The association of a

number of persons for their benefit.</def>



<hw>Co*\'94p"er*a*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Operating jointly to the same end.</def>



<cs><col>Co\'94perative society</col>, <cd>a society established

on the principle of a joint-stock association, for the production

of commodities, or their purchase and distribution for

consumption, or for the borrowing and lending of capital among

its members.</cd> -- <col>Co\'94perative store</col>, <cd>a store

established by a co\'94perative society, where the members make

their purchases and share in the profits or losses.</cd></cs>



<hw>Co*\'94p"er*a`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.:

cf. F. <ets>coop\'82rateur</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who labors

jointly with others to promote the same end.</def>

\'bd<xex>Co\'94perators</xex> with the truth.\'b8



<au>Boyle.</au>



<hw>Coop"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Work done by a

cooper in making or repairing barrels, casks, etc.; the business

of a cooper.</def>



<hw>Coop"er*y</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Relating to a cooper;

coopered.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q><qex>Coopery</qex> vessels made of wood.</q>

<qau>Holland.</qau>



<hw>Coop"er*y</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The occupation of a

cooper.</def>



<au>Crabb.</au>



<hw>Co*\'94pt"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Co\'94ptate</er>. Cf. F. <ets>coopter</ets>.]</ety> <def>To

choose or elect in concert with another.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Each of the hundred was to <qex>co\'94pt</qex> three

others.</q>

<qau>Jowett (Thysyd. ).</qau>



<hw>Co*\'94p"tate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>co\'94ptatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>co\'94tare</ets> to elect

to something; <ets>co-</ets> + <ets>optare</ets> to

choose.]</ety> <def>To choose; to elect; to co\'94pt.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Cockeram.</au>



<hw>Co`\'94p*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>co\'94ptatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of choosing;

selection; choice.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The first election and <qex>co\'94ptation</qex> of a

friend.</q>

<qau>Howell.</qau>



<hw>Co`\'94r*dain</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

ordain or appoint for some purpose along with another.</def>



<hw>Co*\'94r"di*nance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Joint

ordinance.</def>



<hw>Co*\'94r"di*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>co-</ets> + L. <ets>ordinatus</ets>, p.p. of

<ets>ordinare</ets> to regulate. See <er>Ordain</er>.]</ety>

<def>Equal in rank or order; not subordinate.</def>



<q>Whether there was one Supreme Governor of the world, or many

<qex>co\'94rdinate</qex> powers presiding over each country.</q>

<qau>Law.</qau>



<q>Conjunctions joint sentences and <qex>co\'94rdinate</qex>

terms.</q>

<qau>Rev. R. Morris.</qau>



<cs><col>Co\'94rdinate adjectives</col>, <cd>adjectives

disconnected as regards ane another, but referring equally to the

same subject.</cd> -- <col>Co\'94rdinate conjunctions</col>,

<cd>conjunctions joining independent propositions.</cd></cs>



<au>Rev. R. Morris.</au>



<hw>Co*\'94r"di*nate <?/</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Co\'94rdinated</er>;

<pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos> <er>Co\'94rdinating</er>.]</wordforms>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To make co\'94rdinate; to put in the same order

or rank; <as>as, to <ex>co\'94rdinate</ex> ideas in

classification</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To give a common action, movement, or condition

to; to regulate and combine so as to produce harmonious action;

to adjust; to harmonize; <as>as, to <ex>co\'94rdinate</ex>

muscular movements</as>.</def>



<hw>Co*\'94r"di*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A thing of the same rank with another thing; one two or more

persons or things of equal rank, authority, or importance.</def>



<q>It has neither <qex>co\'94rdinate</qex> nor analogon; it is

absolutely one.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Lines, or

other elements of reference, by means of which the position of

any point, as of a curve, is defined with respect to certain

fixed lines, or planes, called <xex>co\'94rdinate axes</xex> and

<xex>co\'94rdinate planes</xex>. See <er>Abscissa</er>.</def>

<-- this note refers to an accompanying diagram -->

<note><hand/ <xex>Co\'94rdinates</xex> are of several kinds,

consisting in some of the different cases, of the following

elements, namely: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Geom. of Two

Dimensions)</fld> The abscissa and ordinate of any point, taken

together; as the abscissa PY and ordinate PX of the point P (Fig.

2, referred to the co\'94rdinate axes AY and AX. <sd>(b)</sd> Any

radius vector PA (Fig. 1), together with its angle of inclination

to a fixed line, APX, by which any point A in the same plane is

referred to that fixed line, and a fixed point in it, called the

<xex>pole</xex>, P. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Geom. of Three

Dimensions)</fld> Any three lines, or distances, PB, PC, PD (Fig.

3), taken parallel to three co\'94rdinate axes, AX, AY, AZ, and

measured from the corresponding co\'94rdinate fixed planes, YAZ,

XAZ, XAY, to any point in space, P, whose position is thereby

determined with respect to these planes and axes. <sd>(d)</sd> A

radius vector, the angle which it makes with a fixed plane, and

the angle which its projection on the plane makes with a fixed

line line in the plane, by which means any point in space at the

free extremity of the radius vector is referred to that fixed

plane and fixed line, and a fixed point in that line, the pole of

the radius vector.</note>



<cs><col>Cartesian co\'94rdinates</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Cartesian</er>.</cd> -- <col>Geographical

co\'94rdinates</col>, <cd>the latitude and longitude of a place,

by which its relative situation on the globe is known. The height

of the above the sea level constitutes a third

co\'94rdinate.</cd> -- <col>Polar co\'94rdinates</col>,

<cd>co\'94rdinates made up of a radius vector and its angle of

inclination to another line, or a line and plane; as those

defined in <sd>(b)</sd> and <sd>(d)</sd> above.</cd> --

<col>Rectangular co\'94rdinates</col>, <cd>co\'94rdinates the

axes of which intersect at right angles.</cd> -- <col>Rectilinear

co\'94rdinates</col>, <cd>co\'94rdinates made up of right lines.

Those defined in <sd>(a)</sd> and <sd>(c)</sd> above are called

also <stype>Cartesian co\'94rdinates</stype>.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Trigonometrical</col> <or/ <col>Spherical

co\'94rdinates</col></mcol>, <cd>elements of reference, by means

of which the position of a point on the surface of a sphere may

be determined with respect to two great circles of the

sphere.</cd> -- <col>Trilinear co\'94rdinates</col>,

<cd>co\'94rdinates of a point in a plane, consisting of the three

ratios which the three distances of the point from three fixed

lines have one to another.</cd></cs>



<hw>Co*\'94r"di*nate*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>In a co\'94rdinate manner.</def>



<hw>Co*\'94r"di*nate*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of

being co\'94rdinate; equality of rank or authority.</def>



<hw>Co*\'94r`di*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of co\'94rdinating; the act of putting

in the same order, class, rank, dignity, etc.; <as>as, the

<ex>co\'94rdination</ex> of the executive, the legislative, and

the judicial authority in forming a government</as>; the act of

regulating and combining so as to produce harmonious results;

harmonious adjustment; <as>as, a <ex>co\'94rdination</ex> of

functions</as>.</def> \'bd<xex>Co\'94rdination</xex> of muscular

movement by the cerebellum.\'b8



<au>Carpenter.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being co\'94rdinate, or of equal

rank, dignity, power, etc.</def>



<q>In this high court of parliament, there is a rare

<qex>co\'94rdination</qex> of power.</q>

<qau>Howell.</qau>



<hw>Co*\'94r"di*na*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Expressing co\'94rdination.</def>



<au>J. W. Gibbs.</au>



<hw>Coot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. D.

<ets>koet</ets>, W. <ets>cwtair</ets>; <ets>cwta</ets> short,

bodtailed + <ets>iar</ets> hen; cf. <ets>cwtau</ets> ro dock. Cf.

<er>Cut</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A wading bird with lobate toes, of the genus

<spn>Fulica</spn>.</def> The common European or bald coot is

<spn>F. atra</spn> (see under <er>bald</er>); the American is

<spn>F. Americana</spn>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The surf duck or

scoter. In the United States all the species of

(<spn>Edemia</spn> are called coots. See <er>Scoter</er>.</def>

\'bdAs simple as a <xex>coot</xex>.\'b8



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A stupid fellow; a simpleton; <as>as, a silly

<ex>coot</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Coot"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A fresh-water tortoise

(<spn>Pseudemus concinna</spn>) of Florida.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>The box tortoise.</def>



<hw>Coot`foot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The pharalope; -- so called because

its toes are like the coot's.</def>



<hw>Coot*thay"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><def>A striped

satin made in India.</def>



<au>McElrath.</au>



<hw>Cop</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>cop</ets>; <ets>cf</ets>. <ets>G</ets>. <ets>kopf</ets>

head. Cf. <er>Cup</er>, <er>Cob</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

top of a thing; the head; a crest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q><qex>Cop</qex> they used to call

The tops of many hills.</q>

<qau>Dra<?/ton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A conical or conical-ended mass of coiled

thread, yarn, or roving, wound upon a spindle, etc.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A tube or quill upon which silk is wound.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mil. Arch.)</fld> <def>same as

<er>Merlon</er>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A policeman.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>



<cs><col>Cop waste</col>, <cd>a kind of cotton waste, composed

chiefly<?/ remnants of cops from which the greater part of the

yarn has been unwound.</cd></cs>



<mhw>{ <hw>Co*pai"ba</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <hw>Co*pai"va</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp. & Pg., fr. Brazil.

<ets>cupa\'a3ba</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A more or

less viscid, vellowish liquid, the bitter oleoresin of several

species of <spn>Copaifera</spn>, a genus of trees growing in

South America and the West Indies. It is stimulant and diuretic,

and is much used in affections of the mucous membranes; -- called

also <altname>balsam of copaiba</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Written

also <asp>capivi</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Co"pal</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <ety>[Sp., fr. Mexican

<ets>copalli</ets>, <?/ generic name of resins.

<ets>Clavigero</ets>.]</ety> <def>A resinous substance flowing

spontaneously from trees of Zanzibar, Madagascar, and South

America (<spn>Trachylobium Hornemannianum</spn>, <spn>T.

verrocosum</spn>, and <spn>Hymen\'91a Courbaril</spn>), and dug

from earth where forests have stood in Africa; -- used chiefly in

making varnishes.</def>



<au>Ur<?/.</au>



<hw>Co*par"ce*na*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Coparcenaries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>co-</ets> + <ets>parcenary</ets>]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld>

<def>Partnership in inheritance; joint heirship; joint right of

sucession to an inheritance.</def>



<hw>Co*par"ce*ner</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>co-</ets> + <ets>parcener</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld>

<def>One who has an equal portion with others of an

inheritance.</def>



<q>All the <qex>coparceners</qex> together make but one heir, and

have but one estate among them.</q>

<qau>blackstone.</qau>



<hw>Co*par"ce*ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Abbrev.

of <er>Coparcenary</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An equal

share of an inheritance.</def>



<hw>Co*part</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Compart</er>]</ety> <def>To share.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>For, of all miserias, I hold that chief

Wretched to be, when none <qex>coparts</qex> our grief.</q>

<qau>Webster (1661).</qau>



<hw>Co*part"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

compartment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>T. Warton.</au>



<hw>Co*part"ner</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who is

jointly concerned with one or more persons in business, etc.; a

partner; an associate; a partaker; a sharer.</def>



<q>the associates and <qex>copartners</qex> of our loss.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Co*part"ner*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

state of being a copartner or of having a joint interest in any

matter.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A partnership or firm; <as>as, A</as>. and B.

have this day formed a <xex>copartnership</xex>.</def>



<hw>Co*part"ner*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Copartneries</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>the state of

being copartners in any undertaking.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Cop"a*tain</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Formed fr.

<ets>cop</ets>, in imitation of <ets>captain</ets>. See

<er>Cop</er>, <er>Captain</er>.]</ety> <def>Having a high crown,

or a point or peak at top.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A <qex>copatain</qex> hat made on a Flemish block.</q>

<qau>Gascoigne.</qau>



<hw>Co*pa"tri*ot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A joint

patriot.</def>



<hw>Cope</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[A doublet of

<ets>cape</ets>. See <er>Cape</er>, <er>Cap</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A covering for the head.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything regarded as extended over the head, as

the arch or concave of the sky, the roof of a house, the arch

over a door.</def> \'bdThe starry <xex>cope</xex> of heaven.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An ecclesiastical vestment or cloak,

semicircular in form, reaching from the shoulders nearly to the

feet, and open in front except at the top, whereit is united by a

band or clasp. It is worn in processions and on some other

occasions.</def>



<au>Piers plowman.</au>



<q>A hundred and sixty priests all in their <qex>copes</qex>.</q>

<qau>Bp. Burnet.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>An ancient tribute due to the lord of the soil,

out of the lead mines in derbyshire, England.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <def>The top part of a flask or

mold; the outer part of a loam mold.</def>



<au>Knight. De Colange.</au>



<hw>Cope</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To form a cope or arch; to

bend or arch; to bow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Some bending down and <qex>coping</qex> to ward the earth.</q>

<qau>Holland.</qau>



<hw>Cope</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <fld>(Falconry)</fld> <def>To

pare the beak or talons of (a hawk).</def>



<au>J. H. Walsh.</au>



<hw>Cope</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. &

p.p.</pos> <er>Coped</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos>

<er>Coping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>copen</ets>,

<ets>coupen</ets>, to buy, bargain, prob. from D.

<ets>koopen</ets> to buy, orig., to bargain. See

<er>Chear</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To exchange or

barter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To encounter; to meet; to have to do with.</def>



<q>Horatio, thou art e'en as just a man

As e'er my conversation <qex>coped</qex> withal.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To enter into or maintain a hostile contest; to

struggle; to combat; especially, to strive or contend on equal

terms or with success; to match; to equal; -- usually followed by

<xex>with</xex>.</def>



<q>Host <qex>coped</qex> with host, dire was the din of war.</q>

<qau>Philips.</qau>



<q>Their generals have not been able to <qex>cope</qex> with the

troops of Athens.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<hw>Cope</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To bargain for;

to buy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make return for; to requite; to repay.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>three thousand ducats due unto the Jew,

We freely <qex>cope</qex> your courteous pains withal.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To match one's self against; to meet; to

encounter.</def>



<q>I love to <qex>cope</qex> him in these sullen fits.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>They say he yesterday <qex>coped</qex> Hector in the battle,

and struck him down.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Cope"-chis`el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A narrow

chisel adapted for cutting a groove.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Co"peck</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Russ.

<ets>kopeika</ets>]</ety> <def>A Russian copper coin. See

<er>Kopeck</er>.</def>



<hw>Coped</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Clad in a

cope.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cop`e*la"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl.</plu> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a rower.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Larvalla</er>.</def>



<hw>Cope"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.

<ets>koopman</ets>, fr. <ets>koopen</ets> to buy. See

<er>Cope</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <er>Chapman</er>.]</ety> <def>A

chapman; a dealer; a merchant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>He would have sold his part of paradise

For ready money, had he met a <qex>copeman</qex>.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<hw>Cop"e*pod</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the

Copepoda.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos>  <def>One of the

Copepoda.</def></def2>



<hw>\'d8Co*pep"o*da</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl</plu>. <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ an oar +

<ets>-poda</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of

Entomastraca, including many minute Crustacea, both freshwater

and marine.</def>



<note><hand/ They have a distinct carapace. The eggs are carried

in a pair of external pouches. Some are parasites of

fishes.</note>



<hw>Co*per"ni*can</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to Copernicus, a Prussian by birth (<it>b.</it>

1473, <it>d.</it> 1543), who taught the world the solar system

now received, called the <xex>Copernican</xex> system.</def>



<hw>Copes"mate`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

associate or companion; a friend; a partner.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Misshapen time, <qex>copesmate</qex> of ugly Night.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Cope"stone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A stone for coping. See

<er>Coping</er>.</def>



<hw>Cop"i*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From.

<er>Copy</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who copies; one who

writes or transcribes from an original; a transcriber.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An imitator; one who imitates an example; hence,

a plagiarist.</def>



<hw>Cop"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Cope</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The

highest or covering course of masonry in a wall, often with

sloping edges to carry off water; -- sometimes called

<xex>capping</xex>.</def>



<au>Gwill.</au>



<hw>Co"pi*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>copiosus</ets>, fr. <ets>copia</ets> abundance: cf. F.

<ets>copieux</ets>. See <er>Copy</er>, <er>Opulent</er>.]</ety>

<def>Large in quantity or amount; plentiful; abundant;

fruitful.</def>



<q>Kindly pours its <qex>copious</qex> treasures forth.</q>

<qau>Thomson.</qau>



<q>Hail, Son of God, Savior of men! thy name

Shall be the <qex>copious</qex> matter of my song.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Ample; abundant; plentiful; plenteous; rich; full;

exuberant; overflowing; full. See <er>Ample</er>.</syn>



<hw>Co"pi*ous*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a copious

manner.</def>



<hw>Co"pi*ous*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or quality

of being copious; abudance; plenty; also, diffuseness in

style.</def>



<q>To imitatethe <qex>copiousness</qex> of Homer.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Abudance; plenty; richness; exuberance.</syn>



<hw>Cop"ist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>copiste</ets>. See <er>Copy</er>.]</ety> <def>A

copier.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdA <xex>copist</xex> after

nature.\'b8



<au>Shaftesbury.</au>



<hw>Co*plan"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>co-</ets> + <ets>plane</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld>

<def>Situated in one plane.</def>



<hw>Cop"land`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cop</ets> + <ets>land</ets>.]</ety> <def>A piece of

ground terminating in a point or acute angle.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Co*por"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><def>Equal

share.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Myself will bear . . . <qex>coportion</qex> of your pack.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Copped</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Cop</er>.]</ety> <def>Rising to a point or head; conical;

pointed; crested.</def>



<au>Wiseman.</au>



<hw>Cop"pel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & v.</pos> <def>See

<er>Cupel</er>.</def>



<hw>Cop"per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>coper</ets> (cf. D. <ets>koper</ets>, Sw. <ets>koppar</ets>,

Dan. <ets>kobber</ets>, G. <ets>kupfer</ets>), LL.

<ets>cuper</ets>, fr. L. <ets>cuprum</ets> for earlier

<ets>Cyprium</ets>, <ets>Cyprium aes</ets>, i.e., Cyprian brass,

fr. Gr. <?/ of Cyprus (Gr. <?/), anciently renowned for its

copper mines. Cf. <er>Cypreous</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

common metal of a reddish color, both ductile and malleable, and

very tenacious. It is one of the best conductors of heat and

electricity. Symbol Cu. Atomic weight 63.3. It is one of the most

useful metals in itself, and also in its alloys, brass and

bronze.</def>



<note><hand/ Copper is the only metal which occurs native

abundantly in large masses; it is found also in various ores, of

which the most important are chalcopyrite, chalcocite, cuprite,

and malachite. Copper mixed with tin forms bell metal; with a

smaller proportion, bronze; and with zinc, it forms brass,

pinchbeck, and other alloys.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A coin made of copper; a penny, cent, or other

minor coin of copper.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<q>My friends filled my pockets with <qex>coppers</qex>.</q>

<qau>Franklin.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A vessel, especially a large boiler, made of

copper.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> Specifically <fld>(Naut.)</fld>,

<def>the boilers in the galley for cooking; <as>as, a ship's

<ex>coppers</ex></as>.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Copper</xex> is often used adjectively,

commonly in the sense of <xex>made</xex> or <xex>consisting of

copper</xex>, or <xex>resembling copper</xex>; as, a

<xex>copper</xex> boiler, tube, etc.</note>



<q>All in a hot and <qex>copper</qex> sky.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<note>It is sometimes written in combination; as,

<xex>copper</xex>plate, <xex>copper</xex>smith,

<xex>copper</xex>-colored.</note>



<cs><col>Copper finch</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See

<er>Chaffinch</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Copper glance</col>, <or/

<col>Vitreous copper</col></mcol>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>See

<er>Chalcocite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Indigo copper</col>.

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Covelline</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cop"per</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. &

p.p.</pos> <er>Coppered</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.pr. &

vb.n.</pos> <er>Coppering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cover or

coat with copper; to sheathe with sheets of copper; <as>as, to

<ex>copper</ex> a ship</as>.</def>



<hw>Cop"per*as</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>coperose</ets>, F. <ets>couperose</ets>, fr. (assumed?) L.

<ets>cuprirosa</ets>, equiv. to G. <grk>cha`lkanqos</grk>, i. e.

copper flower, vitriol.  See <er>Copper</er> and

<er>Rose.</er>]</ety> <def>Green vitriol, or sulphate of iron; a

green crystalline substance, of an astringent taste, used in

making ink, in dyeing black, as a tonic in medicine, etc. It is

made on a large scale by the oxidation of iron pyrites. Called

also <altname>ferrous sulphate</altname>.</def>



<note><hand/ The term <xex>copperas</xex> was formerly synonymous

with <xex>vitriol</xex>, and included the green, blue, and white

vitriols, or the sulphates of iron, copper, and zinc.</note>



<hw>Cop"per-bot`tomed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Having a bottom made of copper, as a tin boiler or other

vessel, or sheathed with copper, as a ship.</def>



<hw>Cop"per-faced`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos><def>Faced or

covered with copper; <as>as, <ex>copper-faced</ex>

type</as>.</def>



<hw>Cop"per-fas`tened</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos><def>Fastened with copper bolts, as the planks of

ships, etc.; <as>as, a <ex>copper-fastened</ex> ship</as>.</def>



<hw>Cop"per*head`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From its

color.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A poisonous

American serpent (<spn>Ancistrodon conotortrix</spn>), closely

allied to the rattlesnake, but without rattles; -- called also

<altname>copper-belly</altname>, and <altname>red

viper</altname>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A nickname applied to a person in the Northern

States who sympathized with the South during the Civil War.</def>

<mark>[U.S.]</mark>



<hw>Cop"per*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

covering with copper.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An envelope or covering of copper.</def>



<hw>Cop"per*ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Containing, or partaking

of the nature of, copper; like copper; <as>as, a

<ex>copperish</ex> taste</as>.</def>



<hw>Cop"per-nick`el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Nicolite.</def>



<hw>Cop"per-nose</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A red

nose.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Cop"per*plate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>A plate of polished copper on which a design or writing is

engraved.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An impression on paper taken

from such a plate.</def>



<note><hand/ In printing from a copper- or steel plate the lines

are filled with ink, the surface of the plate is wiped clean, the

paper laid upon it, and the impression taken by pressing it under

the roller of a plate press.</note>



<cs><col>Copperplate press</col>. <cd>See <cref>Plate

press</cref>, under <er>Plate</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cop"per*smith</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One whose

occupation is to manufacture copper utensils; a worker in

copper.</def>



<hw>Cop"per works</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A place where copper is

wrought or manufactured.</def>



<au>Woodward.</au>



<hw>Cop"per*worm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The teredo; -- so called

because it injures the bottoms of vessels, where not protected by

copper.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The ringworm.</def>



<hw>Cop"per*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Mixed with

copper; containing copper, or made of copper; like copper.</def>



<hw>Cop"pice</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>copeiz</ets>, fr. <ets>coper</ets>, <ets>couper</ets>, to

cut, F. <ets>couper</ets>, fr. <ets>cop</ets>, <ets>coup</ets>,

<ets>colp</ets>, a blow, F. <ets>coup</ets>, L.

<ets>colaphus</ets>, fr. G. <?/. Cf. <er>Copse</er>, and cf.

<er>Coup<?/</er>, <er>Coupee</er>.]</ety> <def>A grove of small

growth; a thicket of brushwood; a wood cut at certain times for

fuel or other purposes. See <er>Copse</er>.</def>



<q>The rate of <qex>coppice</qex> lands will fall, upon the

discovery of coal mines.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<hw>Cop"pin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[See

<er>Cop</er>.]</ety> <def>A cop of thread.</def>



<hw>Cop"ple</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[A dim. of

<er>Cop</er>.]</ety> <def>Something rising in a conical shape;

specifically, a hill rising to a point.</def>



<q>A low cape, and upon it a <qex>copple</qex> not very high.</q>

<qau>Hakluyt.</qau>



<hw>Cop"ple-crown</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A created

or high-topped crown or head.</def> \'bdLike the

<xex>copple-crown</xex> the lapwing has.\'b8



<au>T. Randolph.</au>



-- <wordforms><wf>Cop"ple-crowned`</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Cop"pled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Copple</er>.]</ety> <def>Rising to a point; conical;

copped.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Woodward.</au>



<hw>Cop"ple dust`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>Cupel dust.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Powder of steel, or <qex>copple dust</qex>.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<hw>Cop"ple*stone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

cobblestone.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Copps</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Copse</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Co"pra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Malay\'a0lam

<ets>koppara</ets> or Hind. <ets>khopr\'be</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>The dried meat of the cocoanut, from which

cocoanut oil is expressed.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>cobra</asp>, <asp>copperah</asp>,

<asp>coppra</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Cop"ro*lite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<grk>ko`pros</grk> dung + <ets>-lite</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A piece of petrified dung; a fossil

excrement.</def>



<hw>Cop`ro*lit"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Containing, pertaining to, or of the nature of,

coprolites.</def>



<hw>Co*proph"a*gan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Coprophagous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A kind

of beetle which feeds upon dung.</def>



<hw>Co*proph"a*gous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ exrement + <?/ to eat.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>Feeding upon dung, as certain insects.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cop-rose`</hw> }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F. <ets>coprose</ets>, of uncertain origin; cf. D.

<ets>klaproos</ets>, <ets>klapperroos</ets>.]</ety> <def>The red,

or corn, poppy.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>cup-rose</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Cops</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>cops</ets>, <ets>cosp</ets>, fetter.]</ety> <def>The

connecting crook of a harrow.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Copse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Contr. from

<ets>coppice</ets>.]</ety> <def>A wood of small growth; a thicket

of brushwood. See <er>Coppice</er>.</def>



<q>Near yonder <qex>copse</qex> where once the garden smiled.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<hw>Copse</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To trim or cut;

-- said of small trees, brushwood, tufts of grass, etc.</def>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To plant and preserve, as a copse.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>Copse"wood</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Brushwood;

coppice.</def>



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<hw>Cops"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Characterized by

copses.</def>  \'bd<xex>Copsy</xex> villages.\'b8 

\'bd<xex>Copsy</xex> banks.\'b8



<au>J. Dyer.</au>



<hw>Cop"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Abbrev. from

L. <ets>Aegyptius</ets> an Egyprian, Gr. <?/, Ar.

<ets>kibt\'c6</ets>, pl. <ets>kibt</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or

pertaining to the Copts.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos>  <def>The

language of the Copts.</def></def2>



<hw>Copts</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>; <sing>sing.

<singw>Copt</singw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</sing> <ety>[See

<er>Coptic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Etnol.)</fld> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An

Egyptian race thought to be descendants of the ancient

Egyptians.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The principal sect of Christians in Egypt and

the valley of the Nile.</def>



<note><hand/ they belong to the Jacobite sect of Monophysite

Christians, and for eleven centuries have had possession of the

patriarchal chair of Alexandria.</note>



<hw>Cop"u*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., bond,

band. See <er>Couple</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Logic &

Gram.)</fld> <def>The word which unites the subject and

predicate.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The stop which connects the

manuals, or the manuals with the pedals; -- called also

<altname>coupler</altname>.</def>



<hw>Cop"u*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>copulatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>copulare</ets> to couple, fr.

<ets>copula</ets>. See <er>Copula</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Joined; associated; coupled.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Joining subject and

predicate; copulative.</def>



<au>F. A. March.</au>



<hw>Cop"u*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Copulated</er>; <pos>p.pr.

& vb.n.</pos> <er>Copulating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To unite in

sexual intercourse; to come together in the act of

generation.</def>



<hw>Cop`u*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>copulatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>copulation</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of coupling or joining; union;

conjunction.</def>



<q>Wit, you know, is the unexpected <qex>copulation</qex> of

ideas.</q>

<qau>Johnson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The coming together of male and female in the

act of generation; sexual union; coition.</def>



<hw>Cop"u*la"tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>copulativus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>copulatif</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Serving to couple, unite, or connect; <as>as, a

<ex>copulative</ex> conjunction like \'bdand\'b8</as>.</def>



<hw>Cop"u*la*tive</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Connection.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Rycaut.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A copulative

conjunction.</def>



<hw>Cop"u*la"tive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a copulative

manner.</def>



<hw>Cop"*la*try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Pertaining to copulation; tending or serving to unite;

copulative.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Used in sexual union;

<as>as, the <ex>copulatory</ex> organs of insects</as>.</def>



<hw>Cop"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Copies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>copie</ets>,

fr. L. <ets>copia</ets> abundance, number, LL. also, a

transcript; <ets>co-</ets> + <ets>the root of <ets>opes</ets>

riches. See <er>Opulent</er>, and cf. <er>Copious</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>An abundance or plenty of anything.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>She was blessed with no more <qex>copy</qex> of wit, but to

serve his humor thus.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An imitation, transcript, or reproduction of an

original work; <as>as, a <ex>copy</ex> of a letter, an engraving,

a painting, or a statue</as>.</def>



<q>I have not the vanity to think my <qex>copy</qex> equal to the

original.</q>

<qau>Denham.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An individual book, or a single set of books

containing the works of an author; <as>as, a <ex>copy</ex> of the

Bible; a <ex>copy</ex> of the works of Addison.</as></def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>That which is to be imitated, transcribed, or

reproduced; a pattern, model, or example; <as>as, his virtues are

an excellent <ex>copy</ex> for imitation</as>.</def>



<q>Let him first learn to write, after a <qex>copy</qex>, all the

letters.</q>

<qau>Holder.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(print.)</fld> <def>Manuscript or printed matter

to be set up in type; <as>as, the printers are calling for more

<ex>copy</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A writing paper <?/f a particular size. Same as

<er>Bastard</er>. See under <er>Paper</er>.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Copyhold; tenure; lease.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<cs><col>Copy book</col>, <cd>a book in which copies are written

or printed for learners to imitate.</cd> -- <col>Examined

copies</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>those which have been compared

with the originals.</cd> -- <col>Exemplified copies</col>,

<cd>those which are attested under seal of a court.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Certified</col> <or/ <col>Office copies</col></mcol>,

<cd>those which are made or attested by officers having charge of

the originals, and authorized to give copies

officially.</cd></cs>



<au>Abbot.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Imitation; transcript; duplicate; counterfeit.</syn>



<hw>Cop"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Copied</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos> <er>Copying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>copir</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>copiare</ets>. See

<er>Copy</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make a

copy or copies of; to write; print, engrave, or paint after an

original; to duplicate; to reproduce; to transcribe; <as>as, to

<ex>copy</ex> a manuscript, inscription, design, painting,

etc.</as>; -- often with <xex>out</xex>, sometimes with

<xex>off</xex>.</def>



<q>I like the work well; ere it be demanded

(As like enough it will), I'd have it <qex>copied</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Let this be <qex>copied</qex> out,

And keep it safe for our remembrance.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To imitate; to attempt to resemble, as in

manners or course of life.</def>



<q>We <qex>copy</qex> instinctively the voices of our companions,

their accents, and their modes of pronunciation.</q>

<qau>Stewart.</qau>



<hw>Cop"y</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make a copy

or copies; to imitate.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To yield a duplicate or transcript; <as>as, the

letter did not <ex>copy</ex> well</as>.</def>



<q>Some . . . never fail, when they <qex>copy</qex>, to follow

the bad as well as the good things.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Cop"y*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Copier</er>.</def>



<hw>Cop"y*graph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

contrivance for producing manifold copies of a writing or

drawing.</def>



<note><hand/ The writing or drawing is made with aniline ink on

paper, and a reverse copy transferred by pressure to a slab of

gelatin softened with glycerin. A large number of transcripts can

be taken while the ink is fresh.</note>



<q>Various names have been given to the process [the gelatin

copying process], some of them acceptable and others absurd;

hectograph, polygraph, <qex>copygraph</qex>, lithogram, etc.</q>

<qau>Knight.</qau>



<hw>Cop"y*hold`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Eng.

Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A tenure of estate by copy of court

roll; or a tenure for which the tenant has nothing to show,

except the rolls made by the steward of the lord's court.</def>

<au>Blackstone.</au> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Land held in

copyhold.</def> <au>Milton.</au>



<note><hand/ <xex>Copyholds</xex> do not exist in the United

States.</note>



<hw>Cop"y*hold`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>One possessed of land in

copyhold.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(print.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A device for

holding copy for a compositor.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One who

reads copy to a proof reader.</def>



<hw>Cop"y*ing</hw>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <def>From <er>Copy</er>,

<pos>v.</pos></def>



<cs><col>Copying ink</col>. <cd>See under <er>Ink</er>.</cd> --

<col>Copying paper</col>, <cd>thin unsized paper used for taking

copies of letters, etc., in a copying press.</cd> -- <col>Copying

press</col>, <cd>a machine for taking by pressure, an exact copy

of letters, etc., written in copying ink.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cop"y*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A copier; a transcriber;

an imitator; a plagiarist.</def>



<hw>Cop"y*right</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The right

of an author or his assignee, under statute, to print and publish

his literary or artistic work, exclusively of all other persons.

This right may be had in maps, charts, engravings, plays, and

musical compositions, as well as in books.</def>



<note><hand/ In the United States a copyright runs for the term

of twenty-eight years, with right of renewal for fourteen years

on certain conditions.</note>

<-- now  life plus 50 years, or 75 years for works created for

hire.  Further extension is (1996) being discussed. -->



<cs><col>International copyright</col>, <cd>an author's right in

his productions as secured by treaty between nations.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cop"y*right`</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To secure a

copyright on.</def>



<hw>\'d8Coque"li*cot`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The wild

poppy, or red corn rose.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The color of the wild poppy; a color nearly red,

like orange mixed with scarlet.</def>



<hw>Co*quet"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Coquetted</er>; <pos>p.pr.

& vb.n.</pos> <er>Coquetting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To attempt

to attract the notice, admiration, or love of; to treat with a

show of tenderness or regard, with a view to deceive and

disappoint.</def>



<q>You are <qex>coquetting</qex> a maid of honor.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<hw>Co*quet"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To trifle in love; to

stimulate affection or interest; to play the coquette; to deal

playfully instead of seriously; to play (with); <as>as, we have

<ex>coquetted</ex> with political crime</as>.</def>



<hw>Co*quet"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Coquetries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[F.

<ets>coquetterie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Attempts to attract

admoration, notice, or love, for the mere gratification of

vanity; trifling in love.</def> \'bdLittle affectations of

<xex>coquetry</xex>.\'b8



<au>Addison.</au>



<hw>Co*quette"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.

<ets>coquet</ets>, <ets>coquette</ets>, coquettish, orig.,

cocklike, strutting like a cock, fr. <ets>coq</ets> a cock. Cf.

<er>Cock</er>, <er>Cocket</er>, <er>Cocky</er>,

<er>Cockade</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A vain, trifling woman,

who endeavors to attract admiration from a desire to grafity

vanity; a flirt; -- formerly sometimes applied also to men.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A tropical humming bird of

the genus <spn>Lophornis</spn>, with very elegant neck plumes.

Several species are known. See <xex>Illustration</xex> under

<er>Spangle</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>/def>



<hw>Co*quet"tish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Practicing

or exhibiting coquetry; alluring; enticing.</def>



<q>A pretty, <qex>coquettish</qex> housemaid.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<hw>Co*quet"tish*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a coquettish

manner.</def>



<hw>Co*quil"la nut</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[Pg.

<ets>coquilho</ets>, Sp. <ets>coquillo</ets>, dim. of

<ets>coco</ets> a cocoanut.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The

fruit of a Brazilian tree (<spn>Attalea funifera</spn> of

Martius.).</def>



<note><hand/ Its shell is hazel-brown in color, very hard and

close in texture, and much used by turners in forming ornamental

articles, such as knobs for umbrella handles.</note>



<hw>Co*quim"bite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A mineral

consisting principally of sulphate of iron; white copperas; -- so

called because found in the province of <ets>Coquimbo</ets>,

Chili.</def>



<hw>\'d8Co*qui"na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.,

shellfish, cockle.]</ety> <def>A soft, whitish, coral-like stone,

formed of broken shells and corals, found in the southern United

States, and used for roadbeds and for building material, as in

the fort at St. Augustine, Florida.</def>



<hw>Cor-</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A prefix signifying

<xex>with</xex>, <xex>together</xex>, etc. See

<er>Com-</er>.</def>



<hw>Cor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Heb.

<ets>k<?/r</ets>.]</ety> <def>A Hebrew measure of capacity; a

homer.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>core</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>\'d8Co"ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Arabian gazelle (<spn>Gazella

Arabica</spn>), found from persia to North Africa.</def>



<hw>Cor"a*cle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[W.

<ets>corwgl</ets>, <ets>cwrwgl</ets>, fr. <ets>corwg</ets>,

<ets>cwrwg</ets>, any round body or vessel, the trunk of the

body, carcass.]</ety> <def>A boat made by covering a wicker frame

with leather or oilcloth. It was used by the ancient Britons, and

is still used by fisherman in Wales and some parts of Ireland.

Also, a similar boat used in Thibet and in Egypt.</def>



<hw>Cor"a*coid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos><ety>[Gr. <?/;

<grk>ko`rax</grk> crow + <grk>e'i^dos</grk> form.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Shaped like a crow's beak.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to a bone of the

shoulder girdle in most birds, reptiles, and amphibians, which is

reduced to a process of the scapula in most mammals.</def>



<hw>Cor"a*coid</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The coracoid bone or

process.</def>



<hw>Cor"age</hw> <pr>(?; OF. <?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Courage</er></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>To Canterbury with full devout <qex>corage</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>Cor"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Of.

<ets>coral</ets>, F, <ets>corail</ets>, L. <ets>corallum</ets>,

<ets>coralium</ets>, fr. Gr. <grk>kora`llion</grk>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The hard parts or skeleton

of various Anthozoa, and of a few Hydrozoa. Similar structures

are also formed by some Bryozoa.</def>



<note><hand/ The large stony corals forming coral reefs belong to

various genera of <spn>Madreporaria</spn>, and to the hydroid

genus, <spn>Millepora</spn>. The red coral, used in jewelry, is

the stony axis of the stem of a gorgonian (<spn>Corallium

rubrum</spn>) found chiefly in the Mediterranean. The <xex>fan

corals</xex>, <xex>plume corals</xex>, and <xex>sea

feathers</xex> are species of <spn>Gorgoniacea</spn>, in which

the axis is horny. <xex>Organ-pipe</xex> coral is formed by the

genus <spn>Tubipora</spn>, an Alcyonarian, and <xex>black

coral</xex> is in part the axis of species of the genus

<spn>Antipathes</spn>. See <er>Anthozoa</er>,

<er>Madrepora</er>.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The ovaries of a cooked lobster; -- so called

from their color.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A piece of coral, usually fitted with small

bells and other appurtenances, used by children as a

plaything.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Brain coral</col>, <or/ <col>Brain stone

coral</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Brain</er>.</cd> --

<col>Chain coral</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chain</er>.</cd> --

<col>Coral animal</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of the

polyps by which corals are formed. They are often very

erroneously called <altname>coral insects</altname>.</cd> --

<col>Coral fish</col>. <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> --

<col>Coral reefs</col> <fld>(Phys. Geog.)</fld>, <cd>reefs, often

of great extent, made up chiefly of fragments of corals, coral

sands, and the solid limestone resulting from their

consolidation. They are classed as <stype>fringing reefs</stype>,

when they border the land; <stype>barrier reefs</stype>, when

separated from the shore by a broad belt of water;

<stype>atolls</stype>, when they constitute separate islands,

usually inclosing a lagoon. See <er>Atoll</er>.</cd> --

<col>Coral root</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a genus

(<spn>Corallorhiza</spn>) of orchideous plants, of a yellowish or

brownish red color, parasitic on roots of other plants, and

having curious jointed or knotted roots not unlike some kinds of

coral. See <xex>Illust<xex>. under <er>Coralloid</er>.</cd> --

<col>Coral snake</col>. <fld>(Zo)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A small,

venomous, Brazilian snake <spn>(Elaps corallinus)</spn>,

coral-red, with black bands.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A small,

harmless, South American snake (<spn>Tortrix scytale</spn>).</cd>

-- <col>Coral tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tropical,

leguminous plant, of several species, with showy, scarlet

blossoms and coral-red seeds. The best known is <spn>Erythrina

Corallodendron</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Coral wood</col>, <cd>a hard,

red cabinet wood.</cd> <au>McElrath.</au></cs>



<hw>Cor"aled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having coral;

covered with coral.</def>



<hw>Cor"al fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>Any bright-colored fish of the genera

<spn>Ch\'91todon</spn>, <spn>Pomacentrus</spn>,

<spn>Apogon</spn>, and related genera, which live among reef

corals.</def>



<hw>Cor`al*la"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like

coral, or partaking of its qualities.</def>



<hw>Co*ral"li*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A deposit of coralliferous limestone

forming a portion of the middle division of the o\'94lite; --

called also coral-rag.</def>



<hw>Cor`al*lif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>corallum</ets> coral + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Containing or producing coral.</def>



<hw>Cor"al*li*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>corallum</ets> coral + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety>

<def>resembling coral in form.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cor`al*lig"e*na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl.</plu> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>corallum</ets> coral + root

of <ets>gignere</ets> to produce.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>Same as <er>Anthozoa</er>.</def>



<hw>Cor`al*lig"e*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>producing coral; coraligerous; coralliferous.</def>



<au>Humble.</au>



<hw>Cor`al*lig"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>corallum</ets> coral + <ets>-gerous</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Producing coral; coraliferous.</def>



<hw>Cor"al*lin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[So named in

allusion to the color of red corallin, fr. L. <ets>corallum</ets>

coral.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellow coal-tar dyestuff

which probably consists chiefly of rosolic acid. See

<er>Aurin</er>, and <xex>Rosolic acid</xex> under

<er>Rosolic</er>.</def>



<cs><col>Red corallin</col>, <cd>a red dyestuff which is obtained

by treating aurin or rosolic acid with ammonia; -- called also

<altname>p\'91onin</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Yellow corallin</col>.

<cd>See <er>Aurin</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cor"al*line</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

L. <ets>corallinus</ets> coralred.]</ety> <def>Composed of

corallines; <as>as, <ex>coralline</ex> limestone</as>.</def>



<hw>Cor"al*line</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>coralline</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

submarine, semicalcareous or calcareous plant, consisting of many

jointed branches.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Formerly any slender

coral-like animal; -- sometimes applied more particulary to

bryozoan corals.</def>



<hw>Cor"al*lin*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A fossil coralline.</def>



<hw>Cor"al*lite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>corallum</ets> coral.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Min.)</fld>

<def>A mineral substance or petrifaction, in the form of

coral.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the individual

members of a compound coral; or that part formed by a single

coral animal.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>corallet</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Cor"al*loid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>corallum</ets> coral + <ets>-oid</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>corallo\'8bde</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of coral;

branching like coral.</def>



<hw>Cor`al*loid"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>resembling coral; coralloid.</def>



<au>Sir T. browne.</au>



<hw>\'d8Co*ral"lum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The coral or skeleton

of a zo\'94phyte, whether calcareous of horny, simple or

compound. See <er>Coral</er>.</def>



<hw>Cor"al-rag`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(geol.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Corallian</er>.</def>



<hw>Cor"al*wort`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A cruciferous herb of certain species of

<spn>Dentaria</spn>; -- called also <altname>toothwort</altname>,

<altname>tooth violet</altname>, or <altname>pepper

root</altname>.</def>



<hw>Cor"a*nach</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gael.

<ets>coranach</ets>, or <ets>corranach</ets>, a crying, the Irish

funeral cry (the <ets>keen</ets>), a dirge; <ets>comh</ets> with

+ <ets>ranaich</ets> a roaring, <ets>ran</ets> to roar,

shriek.]</ety> <def>A lamentation for the dead; a dirge.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>coranich</asp>, <asp>corrinoch</asp>,

<asp>coronach</asp>, <asp>cronach</asp>, etc.]</altsp>

<mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>Co*rant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Co*ran"to</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Courant</er>.]</ety> <def>A sprightly but somewhat stately

dance, now out of fashion.</def>



<q>It is harder to dance a <qex>corant</qex> well, than a

jig.</q>

<qau>Sir W. temple.</qau>



<q>Dancing a <qex>coranto</qex> with him upon the heath.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Corb</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<pos>L. corbis

basket. Cf.</pos> <er>Corbeil</er>, <er>Corp</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A basket used in coal mines, etc. see

<er>Corf</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An ornament in a building; a

corbel.</def>



<hw>Cor"ban</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Heb.

<ets>qorb\'ben</ets>, akin to Ar. qurb\'ben.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>(Jewish Antiq.) An offering of any kind, devoted to God and

therefore not be appropriated to any other use; esp., an offering

in fulfillment of a vow.</def>



<note><hand/ In the old Testament the hebrew word is usually

translated \'bdoblation\'b8 as in <au>Numb. xviii. 9, xxxi.

50.</au></note>



<note><hand/ The traditionists laid down that a man might

interdict himself by vow, not only from using for himself, but

from giving to another, or receiving from him, some particular

object, whether of food or any other kind. A person might thus

exempt himself from assisting parents in distress, under plea of

<xex>corban</xex>.</note>

<au>Dr. W. Smith.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An alms basket; a vessel to receive gifts of

charity; a treasury of the church, where offerings are

deposited.</def>



<hw>Corbe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>corbe</ets>, fr. L. <ets>curvus</ets>. See

<er>Cuve</er>.]</ety> <def>Crooked.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

\'bd<xex>Corbe</xex> shoulder.\'b8



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Cor"bell</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>corbeile</ets>, fr. L. <ets>corbicula</ets> a little basket,

dim. of <ets>corbis</ets> basket. Cf. <er>Corbel</er>,

<er>Corb</er>, <er>Corvette</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A sculptured basket of flowers; a

corbel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>Small

gabions.</def>



<au>Brande & C.</au>



<hw>Cor"bel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>corbeau</ets>, for older <ets>corbel</ets>, dim. of L.

<ets>corbis</ets> basket. (Corbels were often in the form of a

basket.) See <er>Corbeil</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A

bracket supporting a superincumbent object, or receiving the

spring of an arch. Corbels were employed largely in Gothic

architecture.</def>



<note><hand/ A common form of corbel consists of courses of

stones or bricks, each projecting slightly beyond the next below

it.</note>



<hw>Cor"bel</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To furnish with a corbel

or corbels; to support by a corbel; to make in the form of a

corbel.</def>



<cs><col>To corbel out</col>, <cd>to furnish with a corbel of

courses, each projecting beyond the one next below it.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cor"bel-ta`ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A horizontal row of corbels, with the

panels or filling between them; also, less properly used to

include the stringcourse on them.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cor"bie</hw> <or/ <hw>Cor"by</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Corbies</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[F. <ets>corbeau</ets>, OF.

<ets>corbel</ets>, dim. fr. L. <ets>corvus</ets> raven.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The raven.</def>

<mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(her.)</fld> <def>A raven, crow, or chough, used

as a charge.</def>



<cs><col>Corbie crow</col>, <cd>the carrion crow.

<mark>[Scot.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Cor"bie*step`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>One of the steps in which a gable wall is

often finished in place of a continuous slope; -- also called

<altname>crowstep</altname>.</def>



<hw>Cor"cho*rus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Nl., fr.

L. <ets>corchorus</ets> a poor kind of pulse, Gr.

<grk>ko`rchoros</grk> a wild plant of bitter taste.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The common name of the <spn>kerria

Japonica</spn> or Japan globeflower, a yellow-flowered,

perennial, rosaceous plant, seen in old-fashioned gardens.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cor"cle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Cor"cule</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>corculum</ets>

a little heart, dim. of <ets>cor</ets> heart.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The heart of the seed; the embryo or

germ.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Cord</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>corde</ets>, L. <ets>chorda</ets> catgut, chord, cord, fr.

Gr. <?/; cf. <?/ intestines, L. <ets>harus</ets>pex soothsayer

(inspector of entrails), Icel. <ets>g\'94rn</ets>, pl.

<ets>garnir</ets> gut, and E. <ets>yarn</ets>. Cf.

<er>Chord</er>, <er>Yarn</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A string,

or small rope, composed of several strands twisted

together.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A solid measure, equivalent to 128 cubic feet; a

pile of wood, or other coarse material, eight feet long, four

feet high, and four feet broad; -- originally measured with a

cord or line.</def>



<-- p. 323 -->



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Fig.: Any moral influence by which persons are

caught, held, or drawn, as if by a cord; an enticement; <as>as,

the <ex>cords</ex> of the wicked; the <ex>cords</ex> of sin; the

<ex>cords</ex> of vanity.</as></def>



<q>The knots that tangle human creeds,

The wounding <qex>cords</qex> that bind and strain

The heart until it bleeds.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Any structure having the

appearance of a cord, esp. a tendon or a nerve. See under

<er>Spermatic</er>, <er>Spinal</er>, <er>Umbilical</er>,

<er>Vocal</er>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>See <er>Chord</er>.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<cs><col>Cord wood</col>, <cd>wood for fuel cut to the length of

four feet (when of full measure).</cd></cs>



<hw>Cord</hw> <pr>(k?rd)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Corded</er>; <pos>p. pr. &

vb. n.</pos> <er>Cording</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

bind with a cord; to fasten with cords; to connect with cords; to

ornament or finish with a cord or cords, as a garment.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To arrange (wood, etc.) in a pile for

measurement by the cord.</def>



<hw>Cord"age</hw> <pr>(k?rd"?j)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>cordage</ets>. See <er>Cord</er>.]</ety> <def>Ropes or

cords, collectively; hence, anything made of rope or cord, as

those parts of the rigging of a ship which consist of

ropes.</def>



<hw>Cord"al</hw> <pr>(k?rd"<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Same as <er>Cordelle</er>.</def>



<hw>Cordate</hw> <pr>(k?r"d?t)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cor</ets>, <ets>cordis</ets>, heart.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Heart-shaped; <as>as, a <ex>cordate</ex>

leaf</as>.</def>



<hw>Cor"date*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a cordate

form.</def>



<hw>Cord"ed</hw> <pr>(k?rd"?d)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Bound or fastened with cords.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Piled in a form for measurement by the

cord.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Made of cords.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdA

<xex>corded</xex> ladder.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Striped or ribbed with cords; <as>as, cloth with

a <ex>corded</ex> surface</as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Bound about, or wound, with

cords.</def>



<hw>Cor`de*lier"</hw> <pr>(k?r`d??l?r")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F., fr. OF. <ets>cordel</ets>, F. <ets>cordeau</ets>, dim.

fr. <ets>corde</ets> string, rope. See <er>Cord</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>A Franciscan; -- so

called in France from the girdle of knotted cord worn by all

Franciscans.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Fr. Hist.)</fld> <def>A member of a French

political club of the time of the first Revolution, of which

Danton and Marat were members, and which met in an old Cordelier

convent in Paris.</def>



<hw>Cor"del*ing</hw> <pr>(k?r"d?l??ng)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[F. <ets>cordeler</ets> to twist, fr. OF. <ets>cordel</ets>.

See <er>Cordelier</er>.]</ety> <def>Twisting.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cor*delle"</hw> <pr>(k?r-d?l")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F., dim. of <ets>corde</ets> cord.]</ety> <def>A twisted

cord; a tassel.</def>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>Cor"dial</hw> <pr>(k?r"j<it>a</it>l, <it>formally</it>

k?rd"y<it>a</it>l; 106, 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL. 

<ets>cordialis</ets>, fr. L. <ets>cor</ets> heart: cf. F. 

<ets>cordial</ets>. See <er>Heart</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Proceeding from the heart.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A rib with <qex>cordial</qex> spirits warm.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hearty; sincere; warm; affectionate.</def>



<q>He . . . with looks of <qex>cordial</qex> love

Hung over her enamored.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Tending to revive, cheer, or invigorate; giving

strength or spirits.</def>



<q>Behold this <qex>cordial</qex> julep here

That flames and dances in his crystal bounds.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Hearty; sincere; heartfelt; warm; affectionate;

cheering; invigorating. See <er>Hearty</er>.</syn>



<hw>Cor"dial</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Anything that

comforts, gladdens, and exhilarates.</def>



<q>Charms to my sight, and <qex>cordials</qex> to my mind.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med)</fld> <def>Any invigorating and

stimulating preparation; <as>as, a peppermint

<ex>cordial</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>Aromatized and sweetened

spirit, used as a beverage; a liqueur.</def>



<hw>Cor*dial"i*ty</hw> <pr>(k<?/r-j<?/l"<?/-t<?/ <or/

k<?/r`d<?/-<?/l"-; 106)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Cordialities</plw> <pr>(-t<?/z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[LL.

<ets>cordialitas</ets>, fr. <ets>cordialis</ets> sincere: cf. F. 

<ets>cordialit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Relation to the

heart.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>That the ancients had any respect of <qex>cordiality</qex> or

reference unto the heart, will much be doubted.</q>

<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Sincere affection and kindness; warmth of

regard; heartiness.</def>



<au>Motley.</au>



<hw>Cor"dial*ize</hw> <pr>(k?r"j<it>a</it>l-?z <or/ 

k?rd"y<it>a</it>l-?z; 106)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To make into a cordial.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To render cordial; to reconcile.</def>



<hw>Cor"dial*ize</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To grow cordial; to

feel or express cordiality.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Cor"dial*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a cordial

manner.</def>



<au> Dr. H. More.</au>



<hw>Cor"dial*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Cordiality.</def>



<au>Cotgrave.</au>



<hw>Cor"di*er*ite</hw> <pr>(k<?/r"d<?/-<?/r-<?/t)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Named after the geologist

<ets>Cordier</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>See

<er>Iolite</er>.</def>



<hw>Cor"do*form</hw> <pr>(k?r"d?-f?rm)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>cor</ets>, <ets>cordis</ets>, heart +

<ets>-form</ets>, cf. F. <ets>cordiforme</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Heart-shaped.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>Cor*dil"ler*a</hw> <pr>(k?r-d?l"l?r-?; Sp.

k?r`d?-ly?"r?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp., fr. OSp.

<ets>cordilla</ets>, <ets>cordiella</ets>, dim. of

<ets>cuerda</ets> a rope, string. See <er>Cord</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A mountain ridge or chain.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Cordillera</xex> is sometimes applied, in

geology, to the system of mountain chains near the border of a

continent; thus, the western <xex>cordillera</xex> of North

America in the United States includes the Rocky Mountains, Sierra

Nevada, Coast and Cascade ranges.</note>



<hw>Cor"di*ner</hw> <pr>(k?r"d?-n?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

cordwainer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Cor"don</hw> <pr>(k?r"d?n; F. k?r"<er>d?n</er>")</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>corde</ets>. See

<er>Cord</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A cord or ribbon bestowed

or borne as a badge of honor; a broad ribbon, usually worn after

the manner of a baldric, constituting a mark of a very high grade

in an honorary order. Cf. <er>Grand cordon</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The cord worn by a Franciscan friar.</def>



<au>Sir E. Sandys.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>The coping of the scarp wall,

which projects beyong the face of the wall a few inches.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A line or series of sentinels,

or of military posts, inclosing or guarding any place or

thing.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A rich and ornamental lace or string, used to

secure a mantle in some costumes of state.</def>



<cs><col>\'d8Cordon bleu</col> <pr>(k<?/r`<er>d<?/n</er>"

bl<?/")</pr> <ety>[F., blue cordon]</ety>, <cd>a first-rate cook,

or one worthy to be the cook of the <xex>cordons bleus</xex>, or

Knights of the Holy Ghost, famous for their good dinners.</cd> -- 

<col>\'d8Cordon sanitaire</col> <pr>(k<?/r`<er>d<?/n</er>"

s<?/`n<?/`t<?/r")</pr> <ety>[F., sanitary cordon]</ety>, <cd>a

line of troops or military posts around a district infected with

disease, to cut off communication, and thus prevent the disease

from spreading.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Cor`don`net"</hw> <pr>(k?r`d?n`n?")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F., dim. of <ets>cordon</ets>. See <er>Cardon</er>.]</ety>

<def>Doubled and twisted thread, made of coarse silk, and used

for tassels, fringes, etc.</def>



<au>McElrath.</au>



<hw>Cor"do*van</hw> <pr>(k?r"d?-v?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Sp. <ets>cordoban</ets>, fr.  <ets>Cordova</ets>, or

<ets>Cordoba</ets>, in Spain. Cf.  <er>Cordwain</er>.]</ety>

<def>Same as <er>Cordwain</er>. in England the name is applied to

leather made from horsehide.</def>



<hw>Cor"du*roy`</hw> <pr>(k?r"d?-roi` <or/ k?r"d?-roi")</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. for F. <ets>corde du roi</ets> king's

cord.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A sort of cotton velveteen, having

the surface raised in ridges.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Trousers or breeches of

corduroy.</def>



<cs><col>Corduroy road</col>, <cd>a roadway formed of logs laid

side by side across it, as in marshy places; -- so called from

its rough or ribbed surface, resembling corduroy.</cd>

<mark>[U.S.]</mark>



<hw>Cor"du*roy`</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To form of logs laid

side by side. \'bdRoads were <xex>corduroyed</xex>.\'b8 Gemn.

W.T. Sherman.</def>



<hw>Cord"wain</hw> <pr>(k?rd"w?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>cordewan</ets>, <ets>cordian</ets>, OF.  <ets>cordoan</ets>,

<ets>cordouan</ets>, fr. Sp.  <ets>cordoban</ets>. See

<er>Cordovan</er>.]</ety> <def>A term used in the Middle Ages for

Spanish leather (goatskin tanned and dressed), and hence, any

leather handsomely finished, colored, gilded, or the like.</def>



<q>Buskins he wore of costliest <qex>cordwain</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Cord"wain*er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. 

<ets>cordwaner</ets>, <ets>cordiner</ets>, fr. OF.

<ets>cordoanier</ets>, <ets>cordouanier</ets>, F.

<ets>cordonnier</ets>.]</ety> <def>A worker in cordwain, or

cordovan leather; a shoemaker.</def> <mark>[Archaic.]</mark>



<hw>Core</hw> <pr>(k?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. 

<ets>corps</ets>. See <er>Corps</er>.]</ety> <def>A body of

individuals; an assemblage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>He was in a <qex>core</qex> of people.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<hw>Core</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Chore</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Mining.)</fld> <def>A miner's underground working time or

shift.</def>



<au>Raymond.</au>



<note><hand/ The twenty-four hours are divided into three or four

<xex>cores</xex>.</note>



<hw>Core</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Heb. <ets>k<?/r</ets>: cf. Gr.

<?/<?/<?/<?/.]</ety> <def>A Hebrew dry measure; a cor or

homer.</def>



<au>Num. xi. 32 (Douay version).</au>



<hw>Core</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.  <ets>cor</ets>,

<ets>coer</ets>, <ets>cuer</ets>, F.  <ets>c<?/ur</ets>, fr. L. 

<ets>cor</ets> heart. See <er>Heart</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The heart or inner part of a thing, as of a column, wall,

rope, of a boil, etc.; especially, the central part of fruit,

containing the kernels or seeds; <as>as, the <ex>core</ex> of an

apple or quince</as>.</def>



<q>A fever at the <qex>core</qex>,

Fatal to him who bears, to all who ever bore.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The center or inner part, as of an open space;

<as>as, the <ex>core</ex> of a ssquare</as>.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir W. Raleigh.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The most important part of a thing; the essence;

<as>as, the <ex>core</ex> of a subject</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <def>The prtion of a mold which

shapes the interior of a cylinder, tube, or other hollow casting,

or which makes a hole in or through a casting; a part of the

mold, made separate from and inserted in it, for shaping some

part of the casting, the form of which is not determined by that

of the pattern.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A disorder of sheep occasioned by worms in the

liver.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The bony process which forms

the central axis of the horns in many animals.</def>



<cs><col>Core box</col> <fld>(Founding)</fld>, <cd>a box or mold,

usually divisible, in which cores are molded.</cd> -- <col>Core

print</col> <fld>(Founding)</fld>, <cd>a projecting piece on a

pattern which forms, in the mold, an impression for holding in

place or steadying a core.</cd></cs>



<hw>Core</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Cord</er> <pr>(k?rd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Coring</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To take

out the core or inward parts of; <as>as, to <ex>core</ex> an

apple</as>.</def>



<q>He's likee a corn upon my great toe . . . he must be

<qex>cored</qex> out.</q>

<qau>Marston.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To form by means of a core, as a hole in a

casting.</def>



<hw>Co-re"gent</hw> <pr>(k?-r?"j<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>A joint regent or ruler.</def>



<hw>Co`-re*la"tion</hw> <pr>(k?`r?-l?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Corresponding relation.</def>



<hw>Co`-re*li"gion*ist</hw> <pr>(-l?j"?n-?st)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>One of the same religion with another.</def>



<hw>\'d8Co`re*op"sis</hw> <pr>(k?`r?-?p"s?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. GR. <?/<?/<?/<?/ bug + <?/<?/<?/

appearance.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of herbaceous

composite plants, having the achenes two-horned and remotely

resembling some insect; tickseed. <spn>C. tinctoria</spn>, of the

Western plains, the commonest plant of the genus, has been used

in dyeing.</def>



<hw>Cor"er</hw> <pr>(k?rr"?rr)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That

which cores; an instrument for coring fruit; <as>as, an apple

<ex>corer</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Co`-re*spond"ent</hw> <pr>(k?`rr?-sp?nd"<it>e</it>nt)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who is called upon to

answer a summons or other proceeding jointly with another.</def>



<hw>Corf</hw> <pr>(k?rrf)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Corves</plw> <pr>(k<?/rvz)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[Cf.LG. & D.

<ets>korf</ets> basket, G. <ets>korb</ets>, fr. L. 

<ets>corbis</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A basket.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A large basket

used in carrying or hoisting coal or ore.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>A wooden frame, sled, or low-wheeled wagon, to convey coal

or ore in the mines.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cor"fi*ote</hw> <pr>(k?r"f?-?t)</pr>,

<hw>Cor"fute</hw> <pr>(k?r"f?t)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<def>A native or inhabitant of Corfu, an island in the

Mediterranean Sea.</def>



<hw>Co`ri*a"ceous</hw> <pr>(k?`r?-?"sh?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L.  <ets>coriaceous</ets>, fr.  <ets>corium</ets> leather.

See <er>Cuirass</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Consisting of or

resembling, leather; leatherlike; tough.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Stiff, like leather or

parchment.</def>



<hw>Co`ri*an"der</hw> <pr>(k?`r?-?n"d?r)</pr>, <pos>n</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>coriandrum</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/,

<?/<?/<?/<?/, perh. fr. <?/<?/<?/ bug, on account of the buglike

or fetid smell of its leaves: cf. F. <ets>coriandre</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An umbelliferous plant, the

<spn>Coriandrum sativum</spn>, the fruit or seeds of which have a

strong smell and a spicy taste, and in medicine are considered as

stomachic and carminative.</def>



<hw>Co"ri*dine</hw> <pr>(k?"r?-d?n; 104)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[From L.  <ets>cortium</ets> leather.]</ety> <def>A

colorless or yellowish oil, <chform>C10H15N</chform>, of a

leathery odor, occuring in coal tar, Dippel's oil, tobacco smoke,

etc., regarded as an organic base, homologous with pyridine.

Also, one of a series of metameric compounds of which coridine is

a type.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>corindine</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Co*rin"don</hw> <pr>(k?-r?n"d?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>See <er>Corrundum</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Co`rinne"</hw> <pr>(k?`r?n")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The common gazelle (<spn>Gazella

dorcas</spn>). See <er>Gazelle</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>korin</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Cor"inth</hw> <pr>(k?r"?nth)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Corinthus</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/. Cf. 

<er>Currant</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A city of Greece, famed

for its luxury and extravagance.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A small fruit; a currant.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Broome.</au>



<hw>Co*rin"thi*ac</hw> <pr>(k?-r?n"th?-?k)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L.  <ets>Corinthiacus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to

Corinth.</def>



<hw>Co*rin"thi*an</hw> <pr>(-<it>a</it>n)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or relating to Corinth.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the

Corinthian order of architecture, invented by the Greeks, but

more commonly used by the Romans.</def>



<q>This is the lightest and most ornamental of the three orders

used by the Greeks.</q>

<qau>Parker.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Debauched in character or practice;

impure.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to an amateur sailor or

yachtsman; <as>as, a <ex>corinthian</ex> race (one in which the

contesting yachts must be manned by amateurs</as>.)</def>



<hw>Co*rin"thi*an</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A native

or inhabitant of Corinth.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A gay, licentious person.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Co"ri*um</hw> <pr>(k?"r?-?m)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>corium</ets> leather.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Armor made of

leather, particularly that used by the Romans; used also by

Enlish soldiers till the reign of Edward I.</def>



<au>Fosbroke.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Same as

<er>Dermis</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The deep layer of mucous

membranes beneath the epithelium.</def>



<hw>Co*ri"val</hw> <pr>(k?-r?"v<it>al</it>)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>A rival; a corrival.</def>



<hw>Co*ri"val</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To rival; to pretend to

equal.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Co*ri"val*ry</hw>, <hw>Co*ri"val*ship</hw>  }</mhw>,

<pos>n.</pos> <def>Joint rivalry.</def>



<hw>Cork</hw> <pr>(k?rk)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. G., Dan.,

& Sw. <ets>kork</ets>, D.  <ets>kurk</ets>; all fr. Sp.

<ets>corcho</ets>, <ets>fr</ets>. <ets>L</ets>.

<ets>cortex</ets>, <ets>corticis</ets>, bark, rind. Cf.

<er>Cortex</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The outer layer of the

bark of the cork tree (<spn>Quercus Suber</spn>), of which

stoppers for bottles and casks are made. See

<er>Cutose</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A stopper for a bottle or cask, cut out of

cork.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A mass of tabular cells formed in any kind of

bark, in greater or less abundance.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Cork</xex> is sometimes used wrongly for

<xex>calk</xex>, <xex>calker</xex>; <xex>calkin</xex>, a sharp

piece of iron on the shoe of a horse or ox.</note>



<cs><col>Cork jackets</col>, <cd>a jacket having thin pieces of

cork inclosed within canvas, and used to aid in swimming.</cd> --

<col>Cork tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the species of oak

(<spn>Quercus Suber</spn> of Southern Europe) whose bark

furnishes the cork of commerce.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cork</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Corked</er> <pr>(k?rkt)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Corking</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To stop

with a cork, as a bottle.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To furnish or fit with cork; to raise on

cork.</def>



<q>Tread on <qex>corked</qex> stilts a prisoner's pace.</q>

<qau>Bp. Hall.</qau>



<note><hand/ To <xex>cork</xex> is sometimes used erroneously for

to <xex>calk</xex>, to furnish the shoe of a horse or ox with

sharp points, and also in the meaning of cutting with a

calk.</note>



<hw>Cork"age</hw> <pr>(-?j)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The charge

made by innkeepers for drawing the cork and taking care of

bottles of wine bought elsewhere by a guest.</def>



<hw>Corked</hw> <pr>(k?rkt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>having

acquired an unpleasant taste from the cork; <as>as, a bottle of

wine is <ex>corked</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Cork" fos`sil</hw> <pr>(k?rk" f?s`s?l)</pr>.

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of amianthus which is very

light, like cork.</def>



<hw>Cork"i*ness</hw> <pr>(-?-n?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality of being corky.</def>



<hw>Cork"ing pin`</hw> <pr>(k?rk"?ng p?n`)</pr>. <def>A pin of a

large size, formerly used attaching a woman's headdress to a cork

mold.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>Cork"screw`</hw> <pr>(-skr?")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

instrument with a screw or a steel spiral for drawing corks from

bottles.</def>



<cs><col>Corkscrew starts</col>, <cd>a spiral staircase around a

solid newel.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cork"screw`</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To press forward in a

winding way; <as>as, to <ex>corksrew</ex> one's way through a

crowd</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<au>Dickens.</au>



<hw>Cork"wing`</hw> <pr>(-w?ng`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish; the goldsinny.</def>



<hw>Cork"y</hw> <pr>(-?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Consisting of, or like, cork; dry shriveled up.</def>



<q>Bind fast hiss <qex>corky</qex> arms.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Tasting of cork.</def>



<hw>Corm</hw> <pr>(k?rm)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Cormus</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

solid bulb-shaped root, as of the crocus. See

<er>Bulb</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Cormus</er>,

2.</def>



<hw>Cor*mog"e*ny</hw> <pr>(k?r-m?j"?-n?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/ trunk of a tree + root of <?/<?/<?/<?/ to be

born.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The embryological history of

groups or families of individuals.</def>



<hw>Cor`mo*phy*log"e*ny</hw> <pr>(k?r`m?-f?-l?j"?-n?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/ trunk of a tree + E.

<ets>phylogeny</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The

phylogeny of groups or families of individuals.</def>



<au>Haeckel.</au>



<-- p. 324 -->



<mhw>{ <hw>Cor"mo*phytes</hw> <pr>(k?r"m?-f?ts)</pr>,

<hw>\'d8Cor*moph"y*ta</hw> <pr>(k?r-m?f"?-t?)</pr>, }</mhw>

<pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[NL. <ets>cormophyta</ets>, fr. Gr.

<ets><?/<?/<?/</ets> trunk of a tree + <?/<?/<?/ plant.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A term proposed by Endlicher to include

all plants with an axis containing vascular tissue and with

foliage.</def>



<hw>Cor`mo*rant</hw> <pr>(k?r"m?-r<it>a</it>nt)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.  <ets>cormoran</ets>, fr. Armor.

<ets>m<?/r-vran</ets> a sea raven; <ets>m<?/r</ets> sea + 

<ets>bran</ets> raven, with <ets>cor</ets>, equiv. to L. 

<ets>corvus</ets> raven, pleonastically prefixed; or perh. fr. L. 

<ets>corvus marinus</ets> sea raven.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of

<spn>Phalacrocorax</spn>, a genus of sea birds having a sac under

the beak; the shag. Cormorants devour fish voraciously, and have

become the emblem of gluttony. They are generally black, and

hence are called <xex>sea ravens</xex>, and

<xex>coalgeese</xex>.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>corvorant</asp>.]</altsp>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A voracious eater; a glutton, or gluttonous

servant.</def>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Cor"mo*raut</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Ravenous;

voracious.</def>



<q><qex>Cormorant</qex>, devouring time.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Cor"mus</hw> <pr>(k?r"m?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ the trunk of a tree (with the boughs cut

off), fr. <?/<?/<?/ to shear.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Corm</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A vegetable or animal made up

of a number of individuals, such as, for example, would be formed

by a process of budding from a parent stalk wherre the buds

remain attached.</def>



<hw>Corn</hw> <pr>(k?rn)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. 

<ets>cornu</ets> horn: cf. F.  <ets>corne</ets> horn, hornlike

excrescence. See <er>Horn</er>.]</ety> <def>A thickening of the

epidermis at some point, esp. on the toees, by friction or

pressure. It is usually painful and troublesome.</def>



<q>Welkome, gentlemen! Ladies that have their toes

Unplagued with <qex>corns</qex>, will have a bout with you.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<note><hand/ The substance of a corn usually resembles horn, but

where moisture is present, as between the toes, it is white and

sodden, and is called a <xex>soft corn</xex>.</note>



<hw>Corn</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.  <ets>corn</ets>; akin to

OS.  <ets>korn</ets>, D. <ets>koren</ets>, G., Dan., Sw., & Icel.

<ets>korn</ets>, Goth. <ets>ka<?/rn</ets>, L.  <ets>granum</ets>,

Russ. <ets>zerno</ets>. Cf.  <er>Grain</er>,

<er>Kernel</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A single seed of certain

plants, as wheat, rye, barley, and maize; a grain.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The various farinaceous grains of the cereal

grasses used for food, as wheat, rye, barley, maize, oats.</def>



<note><hand/ In Scotland, <xex>corn</xex> is generally restricted

to <xex>oats</xex>, in the United States, to maize, or

<xex>Indian corn</xex>, of which there are several kinds; as,

<xex>yellow corn</xex>, which grows chiefly in the Northern

States, and is yellow when ripe; <xex>white</xex> or

<xex>southern corn</xex>, which grows to a great height, and has

long white kernels; <xex>sweet corn</xex>, comprising a number of

sweet and tender varieties, grown chiefly at the North, some of

which have kernels that wrinkle when ripe and dry; <xex>pop

corn</xex>, any small variety, used for popping.</note>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The plants which produce corn, when growing in

the field; the stalks and ears, or the stalks, ears, and seeds,

after reaping and before thrashing.</def>



<q>In one night, ere glimpse of morn,

His shadowy flail had thrashed the <qex>corn</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A small, hard particle; a grain.</def>

\'bd<xex>Corn</xex> of sand.\'b8 <au>Bp. Hall</au>. \'bdA

<xex>corn</xex> of powder.\'b8 <au>Beau & Fl.</au>



<cs><col>Corn ball</col>, <cd>a ball of popped corn stuck

together with soft candy from molasses or sugar.</cd> --

<col>Corn bread</col>, <cd>bread made of Indian meal.</cd> --

<col>Corn cake</col>, <cd>a kind of corn bread; johnny cake;

hoecake.</cd> -- <col>Corn cockle</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a

weed (<spn>Agrostemma <or/ Lychnis Githago</spn>), having bright

flowers, common in grain fields.</cd> -- <col>Corn flag</col>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant of the genus <spn>Gladiolus</spn>;

-- called also <altname>sword lily</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Corn

fly</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A small fly

which, in the larval state, is injurious to grain, living in the

stalk, and causing the disease called \'bdgout,\'b8 on account of

the swelled joints. The common European species is <spn>Chlorops

t\'91niopus</spn>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A small fly

(<spn>Anthomyia ze</spn>) whose larva or maggot destroys seed

corn after it has been planted.</cd> -- <col>Corn fritter</col>,

<cd>a fritter having green Indian corn mixed through its

batter.</cd> <mark>[U. S.]</mark> -- <col>Corn laws</col>,

<cd>laws regulating trade in corn, especially those in force in

Great Britain till 1846, prohibiting the importation of foreign

grain for home consumption, except when the price rose above a

certain rate.</cd> -- <col>Corn marigold</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<cd>See under <er>Marigold</er>.</cd> -- <col>Corn oyster</col>,

<cd>a fritter containing grated green Indian corn and butter, the

combined taste resembling that of oysters.</cd>

<mark>[U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Corn parsley</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,

<cd>a plant of the parsley genus (<spn>Petroselinum

ssegetum</spn>), a weed in parts of Europe and Asia.</cd> --

<col>Corn popper</col>, <cd>a utensil used in popping corn.</cd>

-- <col>Corn poppy</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the red poppy

(<spn>Papaver Rh\'d2as</spn>), common in European cornfields; --

also called <altname>corn rose</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Corn

rent</col>, <cd>rent paid in corn.</cd> -- <col>Corn rose</col>.

<cd>See <cref>Corn poppy</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Corn salad</col>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to several species of

<spn>Valerianella</spn>, annual herbs sometimes used for salad.

<spn>V. olitoria</spn> is also called <stype>lamb's

lettuce</stype>.</cd> -- <col>Corn stone</col>, <cd>red

limestone.</cd> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Corn

violet</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of

<spn>Campanula</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Corn weevil</col>.

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A small weevil which

causes great injury to grain.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>In America, a

weevil (<spn>Sphenophorus ze\'91</spn>) which attacks the stalk

of maize near the root, often doing great damage. See <cref>Grain

weevil</cref>, under <er>Weevil</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Corn</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Corned</er> <pr>(k?rnd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Corning</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

preserve and season with salt in grains; to sprinkle with salt;

to cure by salting; now, specifically, to salt slightly in brine

or otherwise; <as>as, to <ex>corn</ex> beef; to <ex>corn</ex> a

tongue.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To form into small grains; to granulate; <as>as,

to <ex>corn</ex> gunpowder</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To feed with corn or (in Sctland) oats; <as>as,

to <ex>corn</ex> horses</as>.</def>



<au>Jamieson.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To render intoxicated; <as>as, ale strong enough

to <ex>corn</ex> one</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<cs><col>Corning house</col>, <cd>a house or place where powder

is corned or granulated.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cor"nage</hw> <pr>(k?r"n?j)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.,,

horn-blowing, tax on horned cattle, fr. F.  <ets>corne</ets> a

horn, L.  <ets>cornu</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld>

<def>Anancient tenure of land, which obliged the tenant to give

notice of an invasion by blowing a horn.</def>



<hw>Cor"na*mute</hw> <pr>(k?r"n?-m?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

cornemuse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Corn"bind`</hw> <pr>(k?rn"b?nd`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A weed that binds stalks of corn, as

<spn>Convolvulus arvensis</spn>, <spn>Polygonum

Convolvulus</spn>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Corn"cob`</hw> <pr>(k?rn"k?b`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

cob or axis on which the kernels of Indian corn grow.</def>

<mark>[U.S.]</mark>



<hw>Corn"crake`</hw> <pr>(-kr?k`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bird (<spn>Crex crex</spn> or

<spn>C. pratensis</spn>) which frequents grain fields; the

European crake or land rail; -- called also <altname>corn

bird</altname>.</def>



<hw>Corn"crib`</hw> <pr>(k?rn"kr?b`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

crib for storing corn.</def>



<hw>Corn"cut`ter</hw> <pr>(-k?t`t?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A machine for cutting up stalks of corn for food

of cattle.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An implement consisting of a long blade,

attached to a handle at nearly a right angle, used for cutting

down the stalks of Indian corn.</def>



<hw>Corn"dodg`er</hw> <pr>(-d?j`?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

cake made of the meal of Indian corn, wrapped in a covering of

husks or paper, and baked under the embers.</def>

<mark>[U.S.]</mark>



<au>Bartlett.</au>



<hw>Cor"ne*a</hw> <pr>(k?r"n?-?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Corneas</plw> <pr>(-<?/z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[Fem. sing., fr.

L. <ets>corneus</ets> horny, fr. <ets>cornu</ets> a horn. See

<er>Horn</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The transparent

part of the coat of the eyeball which covers the iris and pupil

and admits light to the interior. See <er>Eye</er>.</def>



<hw>Cor"ne*al</hw> <pr>(-<it>al</it>)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the cornea.</def>



<hw>Cor"nel</hw> <pr>(-n?l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. 

<ets>cornille</ets>, <ets>cornoille</ets>, F. 

<ets>cornouille</ets>, cornel berry, LL.  <ets>cornolium</ets>

cornel tree, fr. L.  <ets>cornus</ets>, fr.  <ets>cornu</ets>

horn, in allusion to the hardness of the wood. See

<er>Horn</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The

cornelian cherry (<spn>Cornus Mas</spn>), a European shrub with

clusters of small, greenish flowers, followed by very acid but

edible drupes resembling cherries.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any species of the genus <spn>Cornus</spn>, as

<spn>C. florida</spn>, the flowering cornel; <spn>C.

stolonifera</spn>, the osier cornel; <spn>C. Canadensis</spn>,

the dwarf cornel, or bunchberry.</def>



<hw>Cor*nel"ian</hw> <pr>(k?r-n?ly<it>a</it>n)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.  <ets>cornaline</ets>, OF. 

<ets>corneline</ets>, fr. L. <ets>cornu</ets> horn. So called

from its horny appearance when broken. See <er>Horn</er>, and cf.

<er>Carnelian</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Same as

<er>Carnelian</er>.</def>



<hw>Corne"muse</hw> <pr>(k?rn"m?z)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A wind instrument nearly identical with the

bagpipe.</def>



<au>Drayton.</au>



<hw>Cor"ne*o*cal*ca"re*ous</hw> <pr>(k?rn?-?-k?l-k?"r?-?s)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Formed of a mixture of

horny and calcareous materials, as some shells and corals.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Horny on one side and calcareous on the

other.</def>



<hw>Cor"ne*ouss</hw> <pr>(-?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. 

<ets>corneus</ets>, fr.  <ets>cornu</ets> horn.]</ety> <def>Of a

texture resembling horn; horny; hard.</def>



<au> Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Cor"ner</hw> <pr>(k?r"n?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>corniere</ets>, <ets>cornier</ets>, LL. 

<ets>cornerium</ets>, <ets>corneria</ets>, fr. L. 

<ets>cornu</ets> horn, end, point. See <er>Horn</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The point where two converging lines meet; an

angle, either external or internal.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The space in the angle between converging lines

or walls which meet in a point; <as>as, the chimney

<ex>corner</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An edge or extremity; the part farthest from the

center; hence, any quarter or part.</def>



<q>From the four <qex>corners</qex> of the earth they come.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A secret or secluded place; a remote or out of

the way place; a nook.</def>



<q>This thing was not done in a <qex>corner</qex>.</q>

<qau>Acts xxvi. 26.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Direction; quarter.</def>



<q>Sits the wind in that <qex>corner</qex>!</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>The state of things produced by a combination of

persons, who buy up the whole or the available part of any stock

or species of property, which compels those who need such stock

or property to buy of them at their own price; <as>as, a

<ex>corner</ex> in a railway stock</as>.</def> <mark>[Broker's

Cant]</mark>



<cs><col>Corner stone</col>, <cd>the stone which lies at the

corner of two walls, and unites them; the principal stone;

especially, the stone which forms the corner of the foundation of

an edifice; hence, that which is fundamental importance or

indispensable. \'bdA prince who regarded uniformity of faith as

the <xex>corner stone</xex> of his government.\'b8

<au>Prescott</au>.</cd> -- <col>Corner tooth</col>, <cd>one of

the four teeth which come in a horse's mouth at the age of four

years and a half, one on each side of the upper and of the lower

jaw, between the middle teeth and the tushes.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cor"ner</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Cornered</er> <pr>(-n?rd)</pr>;<pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Cornering</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

drive into a corner.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To drive into a position of great difficaulty or

hopeless embarrassment; <as>as, to <ex>corner</ex> a person in

argument</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To get command of (a stock, commodity, etc.), so

as to be able to put one's own price on it; <as>as, to

<ex>corner</ex> the shares of a railroad stock; to

<ex>corner</ex> petroleum.</as></def>



<hw>Cor"ner*cap`</hw> <pr>(-k?p`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

chief ornament.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Thou makest the triumviry the <qex>cornercap</qex> of

society.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Cor"nered</hw> <pr>(-n?rd)</pr>, <pos>p. a.</pos> <def>1

Having corners or angles.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In a possition of great difficulty; brought to

bay.</def>



<hw>Cor"ner*wise`</hw> <pr>(-w?z`)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>With the corner in front; diagonally; not square.</def>



<hw>Cor"net</hw> <pr>(k?r"n?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. 

<ets>cornet</ets>, m. (for senses 1 & 2), <ets>cornette</ets>, f.

& m. (for senses 3 & 4), dim. of <ets>corne horn</ets>,

<ets>L</ets>.  <ets>cornu</ets>. See <er>Horn</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An obsolete rude

reed instrument (Ger. <xex>Zinken</xex>), of the oboe

family.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A brass instrument, with cupped

mouthpiece, and furnished with valves or pistons, now used in

bands, and, in place of the trumpet, in orchestras.</cd> See

<er>Cornet-\'85-piston</er>. <sd>(c)</sd> A certain organ stop or

register.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A cap of paper twisted at the end, used by

retailers to inclose small wares.</def>



<au>Cotgrave.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A troop of

cavalry; -- so called from its being accompanied by a cornet

player.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdA body of five

<xex>cornets</xex> of horse.\'b8 <au>Clarendon</au>. <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>The standard of such a troop.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>The lowest grade of commissioned officer in a

British cavalry troop, who carried the standard. The office was

abolished in 1871.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A headdress</def>: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A square

cap anciently worn as a mark of certain professions.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A part of a woman's headdress, in the 16th

century.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <ety>[Cf.  <er>Coronet</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Far.)</fld>

<def>See <er>Coronet</er>, 2.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cor"net-\'85-pis`ton</hw> <pr>(k?r"n?t-?-p?s"t?n; F.

k?r`n?`?p?s`<er>t?n</er>")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Cornets-\'85-piston</plw>.</plu> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A brass wind instrument, like the trumpet,

furnished with valves moved by small pistons or sliding rods; a

cornopean; a cornet.</def>



<hw>Cor"net*cy</hw> <pr>(k?r"n?t-s?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

commission or rank of a cornet.</def>



<hw>Cor"net*er</hw> <pr>(k?r"n?t-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

who blows a cornet.</def>



<hw>Cor"neule</hw> <pr>(k?r"n?l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,

dim. of <ets>corn<?/e</ets> the cornea.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the corneas of a compound eye

in the invertebrates.</def>



<au>Carpenter.</au>



<hw>Corn"field`</hw> <pr>(k?rn"f?ld`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

field where corn is or has been growing; -- in England, a field

of wheat, rye, barley, or oats; in America, a field of Indian

corn.</def>



<hw>Corn"floor`</hw> <pr>(-fl?r`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

thrashing floor.</def>



<au>Hos. ix. 1.</au>



<hw>Corn"flow`er</hw> <pr>(-flou`?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A conspicuous wild flower (<spn>Centaurea

Cyanus</spn>), growing in grainfields.</def>



<hw>Cor"nic</hw> <pr>(k?r"n?k)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to, derived from, or resembling, the dogwood

(<spn>Cornus florida</spn>).</def>



<hw>Cor"nice</hw> <pr>(k?r"n?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>corniche</ets>, It. <ets>cornice</ets>, LL.

<ets>coronix</ets>, <ets>cornix</ets>, fr. L.  <ets>coronis</ets>

a curved line, a flourish with the pen at the end of a book or

chapter, Gr. <?/<?/<?/; akin to L.  <ets>corona</ets> crown. sEE

<er>Crown</er>, and cf.  <er>Coronis</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Any horizontal, molded or otherwise

decorated projection which crowns or finishes the part to which

it is affixed; <as>as, the <ex>cornice</ex> of an order,

pedestal, door, window, or house</as>.</def>



<au>Gwilt.</au>



<cs><col>Cornice ring</col>, <cd>the ring on a cannon next behind

the muzzle ring.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cor"niced</hw> <pr>(k?r"n?st)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

a cornice.</def>



<hw>Cor"ni*cle</hw> <pr>(k?r"n?-k'l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>corniculum</ets>, dim. of <ets>cornu</ets> horn.]</ety>

<def>A little horn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Cor*nic"u*lar</hw> <pr>(-l?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. 

<ets>cornicularius</ets>.]</ety> <def>A secretary or clerk.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Cor/nic"u*late</hw> <pr>(k?r-n?k"?-l?t)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L.  <ets>corniculatus</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Horned; having horns.</def>



<au>Dr. H. More.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having processes resembling

small horns.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cor*nic"u*lum</hw> <pr>(k?r-n?k"?-l?m)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.  <plw>Cornicula</plw>

<pr>(-l<?/)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L.  <ets>corniculum</ets> little

horn.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A small hornlike part or

process.</def>



<hw>Cor*nif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(k?r-n?f"?r-?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L.  <ets>cornu</ets> horn + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the lowest period of

the Devonian age.(See the Diagram, under <er>Geology</er>.) The

<xex>Corniferous period</xex> has been so called from the

numerous seams of <xex>hornstone</xex> which characterize the

later part of the period, as developed in the State of New

York.</def>



<hw>Cor*nif"ic</hw> <pr>(k?r-n?f"?k)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. 

<ets>cornu</ets> horn +  <ets>facere</ets> to make.]</ety>

<def>Producing horns; forming horn.</def>



<hw>Cor`ni*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(k?r`n?-f?-k?"sh?n)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <def>Conversion into, or formation of, horn; a

becoming like horn.</def>



<hw>Cor"ni*fied</hw> <pr>(k?r"n?-f?d)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L.  <ets>cornu</ets> horn +  <ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Converted into horn; horny.</def>



<hw>Cor"ni*form</hw> <pr>(-f?rm)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. 

<ets>cornu</ets> horn +  <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the

shape of a horn; horn-shaped.</def>



<hw>Cor*nig"er*ous</hw> <pr>(k?r-n?j"?r-?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L.  <ets>corniger</ets>; <ets>cornu</ets> horn + 

<ets>gerere</ets> to bear.]</ety> <def>Horned; having horns;

<as>as, <ex>cornigerous</ex> animals</as>.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Cor"nin</hw> <pr>(k?r"n?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A bitter principle obtained

from dogwood (<spn>Cornus florida</spn>), as a white crystalline

substance; -- called also <altname>cornic acid</altname>.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>An extract from dogwood used as a

febrifuge.</def>



<hw>Cor"ni*plume</hw> <pr>(k?r"n?-pl?m)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.  <ets>cornu</ets> horn +  <ets>pluma</ets>

feather.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A hornlike tuft of

feathers on the head of some birds.</def>



<hw>Cor"nish</hw> <pr>(k?r"n?sh)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Cornwall, in England.</def>



<cs><col>Cornish chough</col>. <cd>See <er>Chough</er>.</cd> --

<col>Cornish engine</col>, <cd>a single-acting pumping engine,

used in mines, in Cornwall and elsewhere, and for water works. A

heavy pump rod or plunger, raised by the steam, forces up the

water by its weight, in descending.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cor"nish</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The dialect, or the people,

of Cornwall.</def>



<hw>Cor"nist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A performer on the cornet

or horn.</def>



<hw>Corn"loft`</hw> <pr>(k?rn"l?ft`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

loft for corn; a granary.</def>



<hw>Corn"muse</hw> <pr>(-m?z)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

cornemuse.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cor"no di bas*set"to</hw> <pr>(k?r"n? d? b?s-s?t"t? <or/

b?s-s?t"t?)</pr>; <plu>pl. <plw>Corni <pr>(-n<?/)</pr> di

basseto</plw>.</plu> <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A

tenor clarinet; -- called also <altname>basset horn</altname>,

and sometimes confounded with the <xex>English horn</xex>, which

is a tenor oboe.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cor"no In*gle"se</hw> <pr>(?n-gl?"z?)</pr>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Corni Inglesi</plw> <pr>(-z<?/)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[It.]</ety>

<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A reed instrument, related to the oboe,

but deeper in pitch; the English horn.</def>



<hw>Cor*no"pe*an</hw> <pr>(k?r-n?"p?-<it>a</it>n)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An obsolete name for the

cornet-\'85-piston.</def>



<hw>Corn"shell`er</hw> <pr>(k?rn"sh?l`?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>A machine that separates the kernels of corn from the

cob.</def>



<hw>Corn"shuck`</hw> <pr>(-sh?k`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

husk covering an ear of Indian corn.</def> <mark>[Colloq.

U.S.]</mark>



<hw>Corn"stalk`</hw> <pr>(-st?k`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

stalk of Indian corn.</def>



<hw>Corn"starch`</hw> <pr>(-st?rch`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Starch made from Indian corn, esp. a fine white flour used

for puddings, etc.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cor"nu</hw> <pr>(k?r"n?)</pr>, <pos>n</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Cornua</plw> <pr>(-n<?/-<?/)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L.]</ety>

<def>A horn, or anything shaped like or resembling a horn.</def>



<hw>Cor"nu Am*mo"nis</hw> <pr>(?m-m?"n?s)</pr>; <plu>pl. 

<plw>\'d8Cornua Ammonis</plw></plu>. <ety>[L., horn of Ammon. See

<er>Ammonite</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A fossil

shell, curved like a ram's horn; an obsolete name for an

ammonite.</def>



<-- p. 325 -->



<hw>Cor`nu*co"pi*a</hw> <pr>(k?r`n?-k?"p?-?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl. <plw>Cornucopias</plw> <pr>(-<?/z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L.

<ets>cornu copiae</ets> horn of plenty. See <er>Horn</er>, and

<er>Copious</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The horn of plenty,

from which fruits and flowers are represented as issuing. It is

an emblem of abundance.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of

grasses bearing spikes of flowers resembling the cornucopia in

form.</def>



<note><hand/ Some writers maintain that this word should be

written, in the singular, <xex>cornu copi\'91</xex>, and in the

plural, <xex>cornua copi\'91</xex>.</note>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cor"nute</hw> <pr>(k?r"n?t <or/ k?r-n?t")</pr>,

<hw>Cor*nut"ed</hw> <pr>(k?r-n?"t?d)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L.  <ets>cornutus</ets> horned, from <ets>cornu</ets>

horn.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Bearing horns; horned;

horn-shaped.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Cuckolded.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdMy being

<xex>cornuted</xex>.\'b8



<au>LEstrange.</au>



<hw>Cor*nute"</hw> <pr>(k?r-n?t")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

bestow horns upon; to make a cuckold of; to cuckold.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Burton.</au>



<hw>\'d8Cor*nu"to</hw> <pr>(k?r-n?"t?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[It., fr. L.  <ets>cornutus</ets> horned.]</ety> <def>A man

that wears the horns; a cuckold.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Cor*nu"tor</hw> <pr>(-t?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A cuckold

maker.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Jordan.</au>



<hw>Cor"ny</hw> <pr>(k?r"n?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. 

<ets>cornu</ets> horn.]</ety> <def>Strong, stiff, or hard, like a

horn; resembling horn.</def>



<q>Up stood the <qex>cornu</qex> reed.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Corn"y</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Producing corn or

grain; furnished with grains of corn.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

\'bdThe <xex>corny</xex> ear.\'b8



<au>Prior.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Containing corn; tasting well of malt.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>A draught of moist and <qex>corny</qex> ale.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Tipsy.</def> <mark>[Vulgar, Eng.]</mark>



<au>Forby.</au>



<hw>Cor"o*core</hw> <pr>(k?r"?-k?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

kind of boat of various forms, used in the Indian

Archipelago.</def>



<hw>Cor"o*dy</hw> <pr>(k?r"?-d?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>corrodium</ets>, <ets>corredium</ets>, <ets>conredium</ets>,

furniture, provision: cf. OF.  <ets>conroi</ets>. <ets>See</ets>

<er>Curry</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Old Law)</fld> <def>An allowance of

meat, drink, or clothing due from an abbey or other religious

house for the sustenance of such of the king's servants as he may

designate to receive it.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>corrody</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Cor"ol</hw> <pr>(k?r"?l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A corolla.</def>



<hw>Co*rol"la</hw> <pr>(k?-r?l"l?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. 

<ets>corolla</ets> a little crown or garland, dim. of

<ets>corona</ets>. See <er>Crown</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>The inner envelope of a flower; the part which surrounds the

organs of fructification, consisting of one or more leaves,

called <xex>petals</xex>. It is usually distinguished from the

calyx by the fineness of its texture and the gayness of its

colors. See the Note under <er>Blossom</er>.</def>



<hw>Cor`ol*la"ceous</hw> <pr>(k?r`?l-l?"sh?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to, or resembling, a corolla; having the form or

texture of a corolla.</def>



<hw>Cor"ol*la*ry</hw> <pr>(k?r"?l-l?-r?; 277)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Corollaries</plw>

<pr>(-r<?/z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L.  <ets>corollarium</ets> gift,

corollary, fr.  <ets>corolla</ets>. See <er>Corolla</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>That which is given beyond what is actually due,

as a garland of flowers in addition to wages; surplus; something

added or superfluous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Now come, my Ariel; bring a <qex>corollary</qex>,

Rather than want a spirit.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn>  <def>Something which follows from the demonstration

of a proposition; an additional inference or deduction from a

demonstrated proposition; a consequence.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cor"ol*late</hw> <pr>(k?r"?l-l?t)</pr>,

<hw>Cor"ol*la`ted</hw> <pr>(-l?`t?d)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Having a corolla or corollas; like a corolla.</def>



<hw>Cor"ol*let</hw> <pr>(k?r"?l-l?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> 

<ety>[Dim. fr.  <ets>corolla</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A floret in an aggregate flower.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Martyn.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Co*rol`li*flo"ral</hw>

<pr>(k?-r?l`l?-fl?"r<it>a</it>l)</pr>,

<hw>Co*rol`li*flo"rous</hw> <pr>(-fl?"r?s)</pr>, }</mhw>

<pos>a.</pos>  <ety>[<ets>Corolla</ets> + L.  <ets>flos</ets>,

<ets>floris</ets>, flower.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having

the stamens borne on the petals, and the latter free from the

calyx. Compare <er>Calycifloral</er> and

<er>Thalamifloral</er>.</def>



<hw>Cor"ol*line</hw> <pr>(-l?n)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to a corolla.</def>



<hw>Cor`o*man"del</hw> <pr>(k?r`?-m?n"d<it>e</it>l)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The west coast, or a

portion of the west coast, of the Bay of Bengal.</def>



<cs><col>Coromandel gooseberry</col>. <cd>See

<er>Carambola</er>.</cd> -- <col>Coromandel wood</col>,

<cd>Calamander wood.</cd></cs>



<hw>Co*ro"na</hw> <pr>(k?-r?"n?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. L. 

<plw>Coron\'91</plw> (-n<?/), E.  <plw>Coronas</plw>

<pr>(-n<?/z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>corona</ets> crown. See

<er>Crown</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A crown or garland

bestowed among the Romans as a reward for distinguished

services.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The projecting part of a

Classic cornice, the under side of which is cut with a recess or

channel so as to form a drip. See <xex>Illust. of

<er>Column</er>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The upper surface of some

part, as of a tooth or the skull; a crown.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The shelly skeleton of a

sea urchin.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Astrol.)</fld> <def>A peculiar luminous

apearance, or aureola, which surrounds the sun, and which is seen

only when the sun is totally eclipsed by the moon.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An inner

appendage to a petal or a corolla, often forming a special cup,

as in the daffodil and jonquil.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any

crownlike appendage at the top of an organ.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Meteorol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A circle,

usually colored, seen in peculiar states of the atmosphere around

and close to a luminous body, as the sun or moon.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A peculiar phase of the <xex>aurora

borealis</xex>, formed by the concentration or convergence of

luminous beams around the point in the heavens indicated by the

direction of the dipping needle.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>A crown or circlet suspended from the roof or

vaulting of churches, to hold tapers lighted on solemn occasions.

It is sometimes formed of double or triple circlets, arranged

pyramidically. Called also <altname>corona lucis</altname>.</def>



<au>Fairholt.</au>



<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A character [<pause/]  called

the <altname>pause</altname> or <altname>hold</altname>.</def>



<hw>Cor"o*nach</hw> <pr>(k?r"?-n?k)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Coranach</er>.</def>



<hw>Cor"o*nal</hw> <pr>(k?r"?-n<it>a</it>l <or/, <it>esp. in

science</it>, k?-r?"n<it>a</it>l; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>coronalis</ets>: cf. F.  <ets>coronal</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to a corona (in any of the

senses).</def>



<q>The <qex>coronal</qex> light during the eclipse is faint.</q>

<qau>Abney.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to a king's crown, or

coronation.</def>



<q>The law and his <qex>coronal</qex> oath require his undeniable

assent to what laws the Parliament agree upon.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the top of the head or

skull.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the

shell of a sea urchin.</def>



<cs><col>Coronal suture</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>a suture

extending across the skull between the parietal and frontal

bones; the <xex>frontoparietal</xex> suture.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cor"o*nal</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A crown;

wreath; garland.</def>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The frontal bone, over which the ancients wore

their coron\'91 or garlands.</def>



<au>Hooper.</au>



<hw>Cor`o*na"men</hw> <pr>(k?r`-n?"m?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L., a crowning.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The upper

margin of a hoof; a coronet.</def>



<hw>Cor"o*na*ry</hw> <pr>(k?r"?-n?-r?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>coronarius</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>coronaire</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to

a crown; ferming, or adapted to form, a crown or garland.</def>

\'bd<xex>Coronary</xex> thorns.\'b8



<au>Bp. Pearson.</au>



<q>The catalogue of <qex>coronary</qex> plants is not large in

Theophrastus.</q>

<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Resembling, or situated like,

a crown or circlet; <as>as, the <ex>coronary</ex> arteries and

veins of the heart</as>.</def>



<hw>Cor"o*na*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A small bone in the foot

of a horse.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cor"o*nate</hw> <pr>(k?r"?-n?t)</pr>,

<hw>Cor"o*na`ted</hw> <pr>(-n?`t?ed)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>coronatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>coronare</ets> to

crown, fr. <ets>corona</ets>. See <er>Crown</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Having or wearing a crown.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having the

coronal feathers lengthened or otherwise distinguished; -- said

of birds.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Girt about the spire with a row

of tubercles or spines; -- said of spiral shells.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having a crest or a crownlike

appendage.</def>



<hw>Cor`o*na"tion</hw> <pr>(k?r`?-n?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[See <er>Coronate</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or solemnity of crowning a sovereign;

the act of investing a prince with the insignia of royalty, on

his succeeding to the sovereignty.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The pomp or assembly at a coronation.</def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>Coro"nel</hw> <pr>(k?r"n<it>e</it>l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[See <er>Colonel</er>.]</ety> <def>A colonel.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Cor"o*nel</hw> <pr>(k?r"?-n?l <or/ k?r"n?l)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Cronel</er>, <er>Crown</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anc. Armor)</fld> <def>The iron head of a tilting spear,

divided into two, three, or four blunt points.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>cronel</asp>.]</altsp>



<au>Grose.</au>



<hw>Cor"o*ner</hw> <pr>(k?r"?-n?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

OE. <ets>coronen</ets> to crown, OF. <ets>coroner</ets>, fr. L. 

<ets>coronare</ets>, fr. <ets>corona</ets> crown. Formed as a

translation of LL. <ets>coronator</ets> coroner, fr. L.

<ets>corona</ets> crown, the coroner having been originally a

prosecuting officer of the crown. See <er>Crown</er>.]</ety>

<def>An officer of the peace whose principal duty is to inquire,

with the help of a jury, into the cause of any violent, sudden or

mysterious death, or death in prison, usually on sight of the

body and at the place where the death occurred.</def> <altsp>[In

England formerly also written and pronounced

<asp>crowner</asp>.]</altsp>



<note><hand/ In some of the United States the office of

<xex>coroner</xex> is abolished, that of <xex>medical

examiner</xex> taking its place.</note>



<cs><col>Coroner's inquest</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Inquest</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cor"o*net</hw> <pr>(k?r"?-n?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Dim.

of OE. <ets>corone</ets> crown; cf. OF. <ets>coronete</ets>. See

<er>Crown</er>, and cf. <er>Crownet</er>, <er>Cronet</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>An ornamental or honorary headdress, having the

shape and character of a crown; particularly, a crown worn as the

mark of high rank lower than sovereignty. The word is used by

Shakespeare to denote also a kingly crown.</def>



<q>Without a star, a <qex>coronet</qex>, or garter.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<note><hand/ The <xex>coronet</xex> of the Prince of Wales

consist of a circlet of gold with four crosses

<xex>patt\'82e</xex> around the edge between as many

<xex>fleurs-de-lis</xex>. The center crosses are connected by an

arch which is surmounted by a globe or cross. The

<xex>coronet</xex> of a British duke is adorned with strawberry

leaves; that of a marquis has leaves with pearls interposed; that

of an earl raises the pearls above the leaves; that of a viscount

is surrounded with pearls only; that of a baron has only four

pearls.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>The upper part of a horse's

hoof, where the horn terminates in skin.</def>



<au>James White.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Anc. Armor)</fld> <def>The iron head of a

tilting spear; a coronel.</def>



<au>Crose.</au>



<hw>Cor"o*net*ed</hw> <pr>(-n?t-?d)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos><def>Wearing, or entitled to wear, a coronet; of

noble birth or rank.</def>



<hw>Co*ron"i*form</hw> <pr>(k?-r?n"?-f?rm <or/ k?-r?"n?-)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>corona</ets> crown +

<ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of a crown or

coronet; resembling a crown.</def>



<hw>Cor`o*nil"la</hw> <pr>(k?r`?-n?l"l?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>corona</ets> crown: cf. F.

<ets>coronille</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of

plants related to the clover, having their flowers arranged in

little heads or tufts resembling coronets.</def>



<hw>Co*ro"nis</hw> <pr>(k?-r?"n?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/<?/<?/<?/ anything curved. See <er>Cornice</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>In Greek grammar, a sign ['] sometimes placed

over a contracted syllable.</def>



<au>W. W. Goodwin.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The curved line or flourish at the end of a book

or chapter; hence, the end.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Hacket.</au>



<hw>Cor"o*noid</hw> <pr>(k?r"?-noid)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/ crow + <ets>-oid</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>corono<?/de</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Resembling

the beak of a crow; <as>as, the <ex>coronoid</ex> process of the

jaw, or of the ulna</as>.</def>



<hw>Cor"o*nule</hw> <pr>(k?r"?-n?l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>coronula</ets>, dim. of <ets>corona</ets> crown.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A coronet or little crown of a seed; the

downy tuft on seeds. See <er>Pappus</er>.</def>



<au>Martyn.</au>



<hw>Co*roun"</hw> <pr>(k?-roun")</pr>, <pos>v. & n.</pos>

<def>Crown.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Co*ro"zo</hw> <hw>\'d8Co*ros"so</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(k?-r?"th? <or/ -s?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Sp.

<ets>cerozo</ets> a kind of palm tree.]</ety> <def>The name in

Central America for the seed of a true palm; also, a commercial

name for the true ivory nut. See <er>Ivory nut</er>.</def>



<hw>Cor"po*race</hw> <pr>(k?r"p?-r?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>See <er>Corporas</er>.</def>



<hw>Cor"po*ral</hw> <pr>(k?r"p?-r<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Corrupted fr. F. <ets>caporal</ets>, It.

<ets>caporale</ets>, fr. <ets>capo</ets> head, chief, L.

<ets>caput</ets>. See <er>Chief</er>, and cf.

<er>Caporal</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A noncommissioned

officer, next below a sergeant. In the United States army he is

the lowest noncomissioned officer in a company of infantry. He

places and relieves sentinels.</def>



<cs><col>Corporal's guard</col>, <cd>a detachment such as would

be in charge of a corporal for guard duty, etc.; hence,

derisively, a very small number of persons.</cd> -- <col>Lance

corporal</col>, <cd>an assistant corporal on private's pay.

<au>Farrow</au>.</cd> -- <col>Ship's corporal</col>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a petty officer who assists the master at

arms in his various duties.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cor"po*ral</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>corporalis</ets>, fr. <ets>corpus</ets> body. See

<er>Corpse</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Belonging or relating to

the body; bodily.</def> \'bdPast <xex>corporal</xex> toil.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>Pillories and other <qex>corporal</qex> infections.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<cs><col>Corporal punishment</col> <fld>(law)</fld>,

<cd>punishment applied to the body of the offender, including the

death penalty, whipping, and imprisonment.</cd></cs>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having a body or substance; not spiritual;

material. In this sense now usually written

<xex>corporeal</xex>.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<q>A <qex>corporal</qex> heaven . . . .where the stare are.</q>

<qau>Latimer.</qau>



<q>What seemed <qex>corporal</qex> melted

As breath into the wind.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Corporal</er>, <er>Bodily</er>,

<er>Corporeal</er>.</syn> <usage> <xex>Bodily</xex> is opposed to

<xex>mental</xex>; as, <xex>bodily</xex> affections.

<xex>Corporeal</xex> refers to the whole physical structure or

nature, of the body; as, <xex>corporeal</xex> substance or frame.

<xex>Corporal</xex>, as now used, refers more to punishment or

some infliction; as, <xex>corporal</xex> punishment. To speak of

<xex>corporeal</xex> punishment is an error. <xex>Bodily</xex>

austerities; the <xex>corporeal</xex> mold.</usage>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cor"po*ral</hw> <pr>(k?r"p?-r<it>a</it>l)</pr>,

<hw>\'d8Cor`po*ra"le</hw> <pr>(-r?"l?)</pr>, }</mhw>

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL. <ets>corporale</ets>: cf.F.

<ets>corporal</ets>. See <er>Corporal</er>,<pos>a.</pos>]</ety>

<def>A fine linen cloth, on which the sacred elements are

consecrated in the eucharist, or with which they are covered; a

communion cloth.</def>



<cs><col>Corporal oath</col>, <cd>a solemn oath; -- so called

from the fact that it was the ancient usage for the party taking

it to touch the corporal, or cloth that covered the consecrated

elements.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cor`po*ral"i*ty</hw> <pr>(k?r`p?-r?l"l?-t?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos>: <plu>pl. <plw>Corporalities</plw>

<pr>(-t<?/z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L.  <ets>corporalitas</ets>: cf.

F.<ets>corporalit<?/</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The state of

being or having a body; bodily existence; corporeality; --

opposed to <xex>spirituality</xex>.</def>



<au>Dr. H. More.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A confraternity; a guild.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Cor"po*ral*ly</hw> <pr>(k?r"p?-r<it>a</it>l-ly)</pr>,

<pos>adv.</pos> <def>In or with the body; bodily; <as>as, to be

<ex>corporally</ex> present</as>.</def>



<au>Sharp.</au>



<hw>Cor"po*ral*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A

corporal's office.</def>



<hw>Cor"po*ras</hw> <pr>(k?r"p?-r?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Prop. pl. of <ets>corporal</ets>.]</ety> <def>The corporal,

or communion cloth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Fuller.</au>



<hw>Cor"po*rate</hw> <pr>(k?r"p?-r?t)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>corporatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>corporare</ets> to

shape into a body, fr.  <ets>corpus</ets> body. See

<er>Corpse</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Formed into a body by

legal enactment; united in an association, and endowed by law

with the rights and liabilities of an individual; incorporated;

<as>as, a <ex>corporate</ex> town</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Belonging to a corporation or incorporated

body.</def> \'bd<xex>Corporate</xex> property.\'b8



<au>Hallam.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>United; general; collectively one.</def>



<q>They answer in a joint and <qex>corporate</qex> voice.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>Corporate member</col>, <cd>an actual or voting member

of a corporation, as distinguished from an associate or an

honorary member; as, a <xex>corporate member</xex> of the

American Board.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cor"po*rate</hw> <pr>(-r?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

incorporate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au> Stow.</au>



<hw>Cor"po*rate</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To become

incorporated.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Cor"po*rate*ly</hw> <pr>(-r?t-l?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>In a corporate capacity; acting as a coprporate

body.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In, or as regarda, the body.</def>



<au>Fabyan.</au>



<hw>Cor`po*ra"tion</hw> <pr>(k?r`p?-r?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.  <ets>corporatio</ets> incarnation: cf. F.

<ets>corporation</ets> corporation.]</ety> <def>A body politic or

corporate, formed and authorized by law to act as a single

person, and endowed by law with the capacity of succession; a

society having the capacity of transacting business as an

individual.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Corporations</xex> are <xex>aggregate</xex> or

<xex>sole</xex>. <xex>Corporations aggregate</xex> consist of two

or more persons united in a society, which is preserved by a

succession of members, either forever or till the corporation is

dissolved by the power that formed it, by the death of all its

members, by surrender of its charter or franchises, or by

forfeiture. Such corporations are the mayor and aldermen of

cities, the head and fellows of a college, the dean and chapter

of a cathedral church, the stockholders of a bank or insurance

company, etc. A <xex>corporation sole</xex> consists of a single

person, who is made a body corporate and politic, in order to

give him some legal capacities, and especially that of

succession, which as a natural person he can not have. Kings,

bishops, deans, parsons, and vicars, are in England sole

corporations. A fee will not pass to a corporation sole without

the word \'bdsuccessors\'b8 in the grant. There are instances in

the United States of a minister of a parish seized of parsonage

lands in the right of his parish, being a corporation sole, as in

Massachusetts. <xex>Corporations</xex> are sometimes classified

as <xex>public</xex> and <xex>private</xex>; <xex>public</xex>

being convertible with <xex>municipal</xex>, and <xex>private

corporations</xex> being all corporations not municipal.</note>



<cs><col>Close corporation</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Close</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cor"po*ra`tor</hw> <pr>(k?r"p?-r?`t?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>A member of a corporation, esp. one of the original

members.</def>



<hw>Cor"po*ra*ture</hw> <pr>(k?r"p?-r?-t?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>The state of being embodied; bodily existence.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Dr. H. More.</au>



<hw>Cor*po"re*al</hw> <pr>(k?r-p?"r?-a]/>l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>corporeus</ets>, fr.  <ets>corpus</ets>

body.]</ety> <def>Having a body; consisting of, or pertaining to,

a material body or substance; material; -- opposed to

<xex>spiritual</xex> or <xex>immaterial</xex>.</def>



<q>His omnipotence

That to <qex>corporeal</qex> substance could add

Speed almost spiritual.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<cs><col>Corporeal property</col>, <cd>such as may be seen and

handled (as opposed to <xex>incorporeal</xex>, which can not be

seen or handled, and exists only in contemplation).</cd></cs>



<au>Mozley & W.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Corporal; bodily. See <er>Corporal</er>.</syn>



<hw>Cor*po"re*al*ism</hw> <pr>(-?z'm)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Materialism.</def>



<au>Cudworth.</au>



<-- p. 326 -->



<hw>Cor*po"re*al*ist</hw> <pr>(k?r-p?"r?-a]/>l-?st)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <def>One who denies the reality of spiritual

existences; a materialist.</def>



<q>Some <qex>corporealists</qex> pretended . . . to make a world

without a God.</q>

<qau>Bp. Berkeley.</qau>



<hw>Cor*po`re*al"i*ty</hw> <pr>(-?l"?-t?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>:

<plu>pl. <plw>Corporealities</plw> <pr>(-t<?/z)</pr>. </plu>The

state of being corporeal; corporeal existence.</def>



<hw>Cor*po"re*al*ly</hw> <pr>(k?r-p?"r?-a]/>l-l?)</pr>,

<pos>adv.</pos> <def>In the body; in a bodily form or

manner.</def>



<hw>Cor*po"re*al*ness</hw> <pr>(-n?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Corporeality; corporeity.</def>



<hw>Cor`po*re"i*ty</hw> <pr>(k?r`p?-r?"?-t?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[LL.  <ets>corporeitas</ets>:  cf. F.

<ets>corpor<?/it<?/</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state of having a

body; the state of being corporeal; materiality.</def>



<q>The one attributed <qex>corporeity</qex> to God.</q>

<qau>Bp. Stillingfleet.</qau>



<q>Those who deny light to be matter, do not therefore deny its

<qex>corporeity</qex>.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<hw>Cor*por"i*fy</hw> <pr>(k?r-p?r"?-f?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<ety>[L.  <ets>corpus</ets> body + <ets>-fy</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>corporifier</ets>.]</ety> <def>To embody; to form into a

body.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Boyle.</au>



<hw>Cor"po*sant</hw> <pr>(k?r"p?-z?nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[It. <ets>corpo santo</ets> holy body.]</ety> <def>St.

Elmo's fire. See under <er>Saint</er>.</def>



<hw>Corps</hw> <pr>(k?r, <it>pl.</it> k?rz)</pr>, <pos>n. sing. &

pl.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L.  <ets>corpus</ets> body. See

<er>Corpse</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The human body, whether

living or dead. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Corpse</er>, 1.</def>



<q>By what craft in my <qex>corps</qex>, it cometh [commences]

and where.</q>

<qau>Piers Plowman.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A body of men; esp., an organized division of

the military establishment; <as>as, the marine <ex>corps</ex>;

the <ex>corps</ex> of topographical engineers</as>; specifically,

an army corps.</def>



<q>A <qex>corps</qex> operating with an army should consist of

three divisions of the line, a brigade of artillery, and a

regiment of cavalry.</q>

<qau>Gen. Upton (U. S. Tactics. )</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A body or code of laws.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The whole <qex>corps</qex> of the law.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The land with which a prebend

or other ecclesiastical office is endowed.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The prebendaries over and above their reserved rents have a

<qex>corps</qex>.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<cs><mcol><col>Army corps</col>, <or/ (French) <col>Corps

d'arm\'82e</col> <pr>(k<?/r` d<?/r`m<?/")</pr>, <cd>a body

containing two or more divisions of a large army, organized as a

complete army in itself.</cd> -- <col>\'d8Corps de logis</col>

<pr>(k<?/r" d<xex>e<xex> l<?/`zh<?/")</pr> <ety>[F., body of the

house]</ety>, <cd>the principal mass of a building, considered

apart from its wings.</cd> -- <col>Corps diplomatique</col>

<pr>(k<?/r d<?/`pl<?/`m<?/-t<?/k")</pr> <ety>[F., diplomatic

body]</ety>, <cd>the body of ministers or envoys accredited to a

government.</cd></cs>



<hw>Corpse</hw> <pr>(k?rps)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. 

<ets>cors</ets> (sometimes written <ets>corps</ets>), F. 

<ets>corps</ets>, L.  <ets>corpus</ets>; akin to AS. 

<ets>hrif</ets> womb. See <er>Midriff</er>, and cf.

<er>Corse</er>, <er>Corselet</er>, <er>Corps</er>,

<er>Cuerpo</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A human body in general,

whether living or dead; -- sometimes contemptuosly.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<note><hand/ Formerly written (after the French form)

<xex>corps</xex>. See <er>Corps</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 1.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The dead body of a human being; -- used also

Fig.</def>



<q>He touched the dead <qex>corpse</qex> of Public Credit, and it

sprung upon its feet.</q>

<qau>D. Webster.</qau>



<cs><col>Corpse candle</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A thick candle

formerly used at a lich wake, or the customary watching with a

corpse on the night before its interment. <sd>(b)</sd> A luminous

appearance, resembling the flame of a candle, sometimes seen in

churchyards and other damp places, superstitiously regarded as

portending death.</cd> -- <col>Corpse gate</col>, <cd>the gate of

a burial place through which the dead are carried, often having a

covered porch; -- called also <altname>lich

gate</altname>.</cd></cs>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cor"pu*lence</hw> <pr>(k?r"p?-l<it>e</it>ns)</pr>,

<hw>Cor"pu*len*cy</hw> <pr>(k?r"p?-l<it>e</it>n-s?)</pr>, }</mhw>

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>corpulentia</ets>: cf. F. 

<ets>corpulence</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Excessive fatness; fleshiness; obesity.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Thickness; density; compactness.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The heaviness and <qex>corpulency</qex> of water requiring a

great force to divide it.</q>

<qau>Ray.</qau>



<hw>Cor"pu*lent</hw> <pr>(-p?-l<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L.  <ets>corpulentus</ets>, fr. <ets>corpus</ets>: cf. F. 

<ets>corpulent</ets>. See <er>Corpse</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Very fat; obese.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Solid; gross; opaque.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Holland.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Stout; fleshy; bulky; obese. See

<er>Stout</er>.</syn>



<hw>Cor"pu*lent*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a corpulent

manner.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cor"pus</hw> <pr>(-p?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Corpora</plw> <pr>(-p<?/-r<?/)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L.]</ety>

<def>A body, living or dead; the corporeal substance of a

thing.</def>



<cs><col>Corpus callosum</col> <pr>(k<?/l-l<?/"s<?/m)</pr>;

<plu>pl. <plw>Corpora callosa</plw> (-s<?/)</plu> <ety>[NL.,

callous body]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the great band of

commissural fibers uniting the cerebral hemispheries. See

<er>Brain</er>.</cd> -- <col>Corpus Christi</col>

<pr>(kr<?/s"t<?/)</pr> <ety>[L., body of Christ]</ety> <fld>(R.

C. Ch.)</fld>, <cd>a festival in honor of the eucharist, observed

on the Thursday after Trinity Sunday.</cd> -- <col>Corpus Christi

cloth</col>. <cd>Same as <xex>Pyx cloth</xex>, under

<er>Pyx</er>.</cd> -- <col>Corpus delicti</col>

<pr>(d<?/-l<?/k"t<?/)</pr> <ety>[L., the body of the crime]</ety>

<fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>the substantial and fundamental fact of the

comission of a crime; the proofs essential to establish a

crime.</cd> -- <col>Corpus luteum</col>

<pr>(l<?/"t<?/-<?/m)</pr>; <plu>pl.  <plw>Corpora lutea</plw>

<pr>(-<?/)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[NL., luteous body]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the reddish yellow mass which fills a

ruptured Grafian follicle in the mammalian ovary.</cd> --

<col>Corpus striatum</col> <pr>(str<?/<?/"t<?/m)</pr>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Corpora striata</plw> <pr>(-t<?/)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[NL.,

striate body]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>a ridge in the wall

of each lateral ventricle of the brain.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cor"pus*cle</hw> <pr>(-p?s-s'l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. 

<ets>corpusculum</ets>, dim. of <ets>corpus</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A minute particle; an atom; a molecule.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A protoplasmic animal cell;

esp., such as float free, like blood, lymph, and pus

<xex>corpuscles</xex>; or such as are imbedded in an

intercellular matrix, like connective tissue and cartilage

<xex>corpuscles</xex>.  See <er>Blood</er>.</def>



<q>Virchow showed that the <qex>corpuscles</qex> of bone are

homologous with those of connective tissue.</q>

<qau>Quain's Anat.</qau>



<cs><col>Red blood corpuscles</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>in

man, yellowish, biconcave, circular discs varying from

<fract>1/3500</fract> to <fract>1/3200</fract> of an inch in

diameter and about <fract>1/12400</fract> of an inch thick. They

are composed of a colorless stroma filled in with semifluid

h\'91moglobin and other matters. In most mammals the red

corpuscles are circular, but in the camels, birds, reptiles, and

the lower vertebrates generally, they are oval, and sometimes

more or less spherical in form. In Amphioxus, and most

invertebrates, the blood corpuscles are all white or

colorless.</cd> -- <col>White blood corpuscles</col>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>rounded, slightly flattened, nucleated

cells, mainly protoplasmic in composition, and possessed of

contractile power. In man, the average size is about

<fract>1/2500</fract> of an inch, and they are present in blood

in much smaller numbers than the red corpuscles.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cor*pus"cu*lar</hw> <pr>(k?r-p?s"k?-l?r)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>corpusculaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to,

or composed of, corpuscles, or small particles.</def>



<cs><col>Corpuscular philosophy</col>, <cd>that which attempts to

account for the phenomena of nature, by the motion, figure, rest,

position, etc., of the minute particles of matter.</cd> --

<col>Corpuscular theory</col> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>the theory

enunciated by Sir Isaac Newton, that light consists in the

emission and rapid progression of minute particles or corpuscles.

The theory is now generally rejected, and supplanted by the

<xex>undulatory theory</xex>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cor*pus`cu*la"ri*an</hw> <pr>(-l?"r?-a]/>n)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <def>Corpuscular.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Cor*pus`cu*la"ri*an</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An adherent of

the corpuscular philosophy.</def>



<au>Bentley.</au>



<hw>Cor*pus"cule</hw> <pr>(k?r-p?s"k?l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>A corpuscle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Cor*pus"cu*lous</hw> <pr>(-k?-l?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Corpuscular.</def>



<au>Tyndall.</au>



<hw>Cor*rade"</hw> <pr>(k?r-r?d")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L. 

<ets>corradere</ets>, <ets>-rasum</ets>; <ets>cor-</ets> + <ets>

radere</ets> to rub.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To gnaw into; to

wear away; to fret; to consume.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Dr. R. Clerke.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>To erode, as the bed of a

stream. See <er>Corrosion</er>.</def>



<hw>Cor*ra"di*al</hw> <pr>(k?r-r?"d?-a]/>l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Radiating to or from the same point.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Coleridge.</au>



<hw>Cor*ra"di*ate</hw> <pr>(k?r-r?"d?-?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<def>To converge to one point or focus, as light or rays.</def>



<hw>Cor*ra`di*a"tion</hw> <pr>(k?r-r?`d?-?"sh?n)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <def>A conjunction or concentration of rays in one

point.</def>



<au>Bacom</au>



<hw>Cor*ral"</hw> <pr>(k?r-r?l"; Sp. k?r-r?l")</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp., a yard, a yard for cattle, fr.

<ets>corro</ets> a circle or ring, fr. L.  <ets>currere</ets> to

run. Cf. <er>Kraal</er>.]</ety> <def>A pen for animals; esp., an

inclosure made with wagons, by emigrants in the vicinity of

hostile Indians, as a place of security for horses, cattle,

etc.</def>



<hw>Cor*ral"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Corraled</er> <pr>(-r?ld" <or/ -r?ld")</pr>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Corralling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To

surround and inclose; to coop up; to put into an inclosed space;

-- primarily used with reference to securing horses and cattle in

an inclosure of wagons while traversing the plains, but in the

Southwestern United States now colloquially applied to the

capturing, securing, or penning of anything.</def>



<au>Bartlett.</au>



<hw>Cor*ra"sion</hw> <pr>(k?r-r?"zh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[See <er>Corrade</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The

erosion of the bed of a stream by running water, principally by

attrition of the detritus carried along by the stream, but also

by the solvent action of the water.</def>



<hw>Cor*ra"sive</hw> <pr>(-s?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Corrosive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q><qex>Corrasive</qex> sores which eat into the flesh.</q>

<qau>Holland.</qau>



<hw>Cor*rect"</hw> <pr>(k?r-r?kt")</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>correctus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>corrigere</ets> to make

straight, to correct; <ets>cor-</ets> + <ets>regere</ets> to lead

straight: cf. F. <ets>correct</ets>. See <er>Regular</er>,

<er>Right</er>, and cf. <er>Escort</er>.]</ety> <def>Set right,

or made straight; hence, conformable to truth, rectitude, or

propriety, or to a just standard; nnot faulty or imperfect; free

from error; <as>as, <ex>correct</ex> behavior; <ex>correct</ex>

views.</as></def>



<q>Always use the most <qex>correct</qex> editions.</q>

<qau>Felton.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Accurate; right, exact; precise; regular; faultless.

See <er>Accurate</er>.</syn>



<hw>Cor*rect"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Corrected</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Correcting</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make right;

to bring to the standard of truth, justice, or propriety; to

rectify; <as>as, to <ex>correct</ex> manners or

principles</as>.</def>



<q>This is a defect in the first make of same men's minds which

can scarce ever be <qex>corrected</qex> afterwards.</q>

<qau>T. Burnet.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To remove or retrench the faults or errors of;

to amend; to set right; <as>as, to <ex>correct</ex> the proof

(that is, to mark upon the margin the changes to be made, or to

make in the type the changes so marked)</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To bring back, or attempt to bring back, to

propriety in morals; to reprove or punish for faults or

deviations from moral rectitude; to chastise; to discipline;

<as>as, a child should be <ex>corrected</ex> for

lying</as>.</def>



<q>My accuser is my 'prentice; and when I did <qex>correct</qex>

him for his fault the other day, he did vow upon his knees he

would be even with me.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To counteract the qualities of one thing by

those of another; -- said of whatever is wrong or injurious;

<as>as, to <ex>correct</ex> the acidity of the stomach by

alkaline preparations</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- To amend; rectify; emend; reform; improve; chastise;

punish; discipline; chasten. See <er>Amend</er>.</syn>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cor*rect"i*ble</hw> <pr>(-r?k"t?-b'l)</pr>,

<hw>Cor*rect"a*ble</hw> <pr>(-r?k"t?-b'l)</pr>, }</mhw>

<pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of being corrected.</def>



<hw>Cor*rect"i*fy</hw> <pr>(k?r-r?k"t?-f?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<def>To correct.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>When your worship's plassed to <qex>correctify</qex> a

lady.</q>

<qau>Beau & Fl.</qau>



<hw>Cor*rec"tion</hw> <pr>(k?r-r?k"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>correctio</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>correction</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

correcting, or making that right which was wrong; change for the

better; amendment; rectification, as of an erroneous

statement.</def>



<q>The due <qex>correction</qex> of swearing, rioting, neglect of

God's word, and other scandalouss vices.</q>

<qau>Strype.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of reproving or punishing, or that which

is intended to rectify or to cure faults; punishment; discipline;

chastisement.</def>



<q><qex>Correction</qex> and instruction must both work

Ere this rude beast will profit.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which is substituted in the place of what

is wrong; an emendation; <as>as, the <ex>corrections</ex> on a

proof sheet should be set in the margin</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Abatement of noxious qualities; the

counteraction of what is inconvenient or hurtful in its effects;

<as>as, the <ex>correction</ex> of acidity in the

stomach</as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>An allowance made for inaccuracy in an

instrument; <as>as, chronometer <ex>correction</ex>; compass

<ex>correction</ex>.</as></def>



<cs><col>Correction line</col> <fld>(Surv.)</fld>, <cd>a parallel

used as a new base line in laying out township in the government

lands of the United States. The adoption at certain intervals of

a <xex>correction line</xex> is necessitated by the convergence

of of meridians, and the statute requirement that the townships

must be squares.</cd> -- <col>House of correction</col>, <cd>a

house where disorderly persons are confined; a bridewell.</cd> --

<col>Under correction</col>, <cd>subject to correction; admitting

the possibility of error.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cor*rec"tion*al</hw> <pr>(k?r-r?k"sh?n-a]/>l)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>correctionnel</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Tending to, or intended for, correction; used for

correction; <as>as, a <ex>correctional</ex>

institution</as>.</def>



<hw>Cor*rec"tion*er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

who is, or who has been, in the house of correction.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Cor*rect"ive</hw> <pr>(k?rr-r?k"t?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>correctif</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Having the power to correct; tending to rectify;

<as>as, <ex>corrective</ex> penalties</as>.</def>



<q>Mulberries are pectoral, <qex>corrective</qex> of billious

alkali.</q>

<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Qualifying; limiting.</def> \'bdThe Psalmist

interposeth . . . this <xex>corrective</xex> particle.\'b8



<au>Holdsworth.</au>



<hw>Cor*rect"ive</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which

has the power of correcting, altering, or counteracting what is

wrong or injurious; <as>as, alkalies are <ex>correctives</ex> of

acids; penalties are <ex>correctives</ex> of immoral

conduct.</as></def>



<au>Burke.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Limitation; restriction.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir M. Hale.</au>



<hw>Cor*rect"ly</hw> <pr>(k?r-r?kt"l?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>In a correct manner; exactly; acurately; without fault or

error.</def>



<hw>Cor*rect"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or quality

of being correct; <as>as, the <ex>correctness</ex> of opinions or

of manners; <ex>correctness</ex> of taste; <ex>correctness</ex>

in writing or speaking; the <ex>correctness</ex> of a text or

copy.</as></def>



<syn>Syn. -- Accuracy; exactness; precision; propriety.</syn>



<hw>Cor*rect"or</hw> <pr>(k?r-r?kt"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which, corrects; <as>as, a

<ex>corrector</ex> of abuses; a <ex>corrector</ex> of the press;

an alkali is a <ex>corrector</ex> of acids.</as></def>



<hw>Cor*rect"o*ry</hw> <pr>(-?-r?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Containing or making correction; corrective.</def>



<hw>Cor*rect"ress</hw> <pr>(-r?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

woman who corrects.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cor*reg"i*dor</hw> <pr>(k?r-r?j"?-d?r; Sp.

k?r-r?`h?-d?r")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp., orig., a

corrector.]</ety> <def>The chief magistrate of a Spanish

town.</def>



<hw>Cor"rei</hw> <pr>(k?r"r?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Scot.,

perh. fr. Celt.  <ets>cor</ets> a corner.]</ety> <def>A hollow in

the side of a hill, where game usually lies.</def> \'bdFleet foot

on the <xex>correi</xex>.\'b8



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>Cor`re*lat"a*ble</hw> <pr>(k3r`r?-l?t"?-b'l)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <def>Such as can be correlated; <as>as,

<ex>correlatable</ex> phenomena</as>.</def>



<hw>Cor`re*late"</hw> <pr>(k?r`r?-l?t" <or/  k?r"r?-l?t`)</pr>,

<pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos>

<er>Correlated</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Correlating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>cor-</ets> +

<ets>relate</ets>.]</ety> <def>To have reciprocal or mutual

relations; to be mutually related.</def>



<q>Doctrine and worship <qex>correlate</qex> as theory and

practice.</q>

<qau>Tylor.</qau>



<hw>Cor`re*late"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To put in relation

with each other; to connect together by the disclosure of a

mutual relation; <as>as, to <ex>correlate</ex> natural

phenomens</as>.</def>



<au>Darwin.</au>



<hw>Cor"re*late</hw> <pr>(k?r"r?-l?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>One who, or that which, stands in a reciprocal relation to

something else, as father to son; a correlative.</def>



<au>South.</au>



<hw>Cor`re*la"tion</hw> <pr>(-l?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[LL. <ets>correlatio</ets>; L. <ets>cor-</ets> +

<ets>relatio</ets>: cf. F.  <ets>corr\'82lation</ets>. Cf.

<er>Correlation</er>.]</ety> <def>Reciprocal relation;

corresponding similarity or parallelism of relation or law;

capacity of being converted into, or of giving place to, one

another, under certain conditions; <as>as, the

<ex>correlation</ex> of forces, or of zymotic

diseases</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Correlation of energy</col>, <cd>the relation to one

another of different forms of energy; -- usually having some

reference to the principle of conservation of energy.  See

<cref>Conservation of energy</cref>, under

<er>Conservation</er>.</cd> -- <col>Correlation of forces</col>,

<cd>the relation between the forces which matter, endowed with

various forms of energy, may exert.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cor*rel"a*tive</hw> <pr>(k?r-r?l"?-t?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F.  <ets>corr\'82latif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having or

indicating a reciprocal relation.</def>



<q>Father and son, prince and subject, stranger and citizen, are

<qex>correlative</qex> terms.</q>

<qau>Hume.</qau>



<hw>Cor*rel"a*tive</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who,

or that which, stands in a reciprocal relation, or is correlated,

to some other person or thing.</def>



<au>Locke.</au>



<q>Spiritual things and spiritual men are

<qex>correlatives</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spelman.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The antecedent of a

pronoun.</def>



<hw>Cor*rel"a*tive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a correlative

relation.</def>



<hw>Cor*rel"a*tive*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality of being

correlative.</def>



<hw>Cor`re*li"gion*ist</hw> <pr>(k?r`r?-l?j"?n-?st)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <def>A co-religion<?/ist.</def>



<hw>Cor*rep"tion</hw> <pr>(k?r-r?p"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.  <ets>correptio</ets>, <ets>fr</ets>. 

<ets>corripere</ets> to seize.]</ety> <def>Chiding; reproof;

reproach.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Angry, passionate <qex>correption</qex> being rather apt to

provoke, than to amend.</q>

<qau>Hammond.</qau>



<hw>Cor`re*spond"</hw> <pr>(k?r`r?-sp?nd")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Corresponded</er>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Corresponding</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[Pref.  <ets>cor-</ets> + <ets>respond</ets>: cf. f.

<ets>correspondre</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To be like

something else in the dimensions and arrangement of its parts; --

followed by <xex>with</xex> or <xex>to</xex>; <as>as, concurring

figures <ex>correspond</ex> with each other

throughout</as>.</def>



<q>None of them [the forms of Sidney's sonnets] 

<qex>correspond</qex> to the Shakespearean type.</q>

<qau>J. A. Symonds.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be adapted; to be congruous; to suit; to

agree; to fit; to answer; -- followed by <xex>to</xex>.</def>



<q>Words being but empty sounds, any farther than they are signs

of our ideas, we can not but assent to them as they

<qex>correspond</qex> to those ideas we have, but no farther.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To have intercourse or communion; especially, to

hold intercourse or to communicate by sending and receiving

letters; -- followed by <xex>with</xex>.</def>



<q>After having been long in indirect communication with the

exiled family, he [Atterbury] began to <qex>correspond</qex>

directly with the Pretender.</q>

<qau>Macualay.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To agree; fit; answer; suit; write; address.</syn>



<hw>Cor`re*spond"ence</hw> <pr>(-sp?nd"<it>e</it>ns)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.  <ets>correspondance</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Friendly intercourse; reciprocal exchange of

civilities; especially, intercourse between persons by means of

letters.</def>



<q>Holding also good <qex>correspondence</qex> with the other

great men in the state.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<q>To facilitate <qex>correspondence</qex> between one part of

London and another, was not originally one of the objects of the

post office.</q>

<qau>Macualay.</qau>



<-- p. 327 -->



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The letters which pass between

correspondents.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Mutual adaptation, relation, or agreement, of

one thing to another; agreement; congruity; fitness;

relation.</def>



<hw>Cor`re*spond"en*cy</hw>

<pr>(k$r`r?--sp?nd"<it>e</it>n-s?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Correspondencies</plw> <pr>(-s<?/z)</pr>.</plu> <def>Same as

<er>Correspondence</er>, 3.</def>



<q>The <qex>correspondencies</qex> of types and antitypes . . .

may be very reasonable confirmations.</q>

<qau>S. Clarke.</qau>



<hw>Cor`re*spond"ent</hw> <pr>(-<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F.  <ets>correspondant</ets>.]</ety> <def>Suitable;

adapted; fit; corresponding; congruous; conformable; in accord or

agreement; obedient; willing.</def>



<q>Action <qex>correspondent</qex> or repugnant unto the law.</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<q>As fast the <qex>correspondent</qex> passions rise.</q>

<qau>Thomson.</qau>



<q>I will be <qex>correspondent</qex> to command.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Cor`re*spond"ent</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

with whom intercourse is carried on by letter.</def>



<au>Macualay.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who communicates information, etc., by

letter or telegram to a newspaper or periodical.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>One who carries on commercial

intercourse by letter or telegram with a person or firm at a

distance.</def>



<hw>Cor`re*spond"ent*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a a

corresponding manner; conformably; suitably.</def>



<hw>Cor`re*spond"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Answering; conformable; agreeing; suiting; <as>as,

<ex>corresponding</ex> numbers</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Carrying on intercourse by letters.</def>



<cs><col>Corresponding member of a society</col>, <cd>one

residing at a distance, who has been invited to correspond with

the society, and aid in carrying out its designs without taking

part in its management.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cor`re*spond"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

corresponding manner; conformably.</def>



<hw>Cor`re*spon"sive</hw> <pr>(-r?-sp?n"s?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Corresponding; conformable; adapted.</def> <au>Shak</au>. --

<wordforms><wf>Cor`re*spon"sive*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv</xex>.</wordforms>



<hw>Cor"ri*dor</hw> <pr>(k?r"r?-d?r <or/ -d?r)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. Itt. <ets>corridpore</ets>, or Sp. 

<ets>corredor</ets>; prop., a runner, hence, a running or long

line, a gallery, fr. L.  <ets>currere</ets> to run. See

<er>Course</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A gallery or passageway

leading to several apartments of a house.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>The covered way lying round

the whole compass of the fortifications of a place.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Cor"rie</hw> <pr>(k?r"r?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Correi</er>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<au>Geikie.</au>



<hw>\'d8Cor`ri*gen"dum</hw> <pr>(k?r`r?-j?n"d?m)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Corrigenda</plw>

<pr>(-d<?/)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A fault <it>or</it>

error to be corrected.</def>



<hw>Cor"ri*gent</hw> <pr>(k?r"r?--j<it>e</it>nt)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>corrigens</ets>, p. pr. of

<ets>corrigere</ets> to correct.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A

substance added to a medicine to mollify or modify its

action.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>Cor`ri*gi*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(-j?-b?l"?-t?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality of being corrigible; capability of

being corrected; corrigibleness.</def>



<hw>Cor"ri*gi*ble</hw> <pr>(k?r"r?-j?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[LL. <ets>corribilis</ets>, fr. L.  <ets>corrigere</ets> to

correct: cf. F. <ets>corrigible</ets>. See

<er>Correrct</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Capable of being set right, amended, or

reformed; <as>as, a <ex>corrigible</ex> fault</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Submissive to correction; docile.</def>

\'bdBending down his <xex>corrigible</xex> neck.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Deserving chastisement; punishable.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>He was taken up very short, and adjudged <qex>corrigible</qex>

for such presumptuous language.</q>

<qau>Howell.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Having power to correct; corrective.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The . . . .<qex>corrigible</qex> authority of this lies in our

wills.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Cor"ri*gi*ble*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or

quality of being corrigible; corrigibility.</def>



<hw>Cor*ri"val</hw> <pr>(k?r-r?"v<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>A fellow rival; a competitor; a rival; also, a

companion.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Cor*ri"val</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having rivaling claims;

emulous; in rivalry.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Fleetwood.</au>



<hw>Cor*ri"val</hw>, <pos>v. i. & t.</pos> <def>To compete with;

to rival.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Cor*ri"val*ry</hw> <pr>(k?r-r?"v<it>a</it>l-r?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <def>Corivalry.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Cor*ri"val*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Corivalry.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>By the <qex>corrivalship</qex> of Shager his false friend.</q>

<qau>Sir T. Herbert.</qau>



<hw>Cor"ri*vate</hw> <pr>(k?r"r?-v?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>corrivatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>corrivare</ets> to

corrivate.]</ety> <def>To cause to flow together, as water drawn

from several streams.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Burton.</au>



<hw>Cor`ri*va"tion</hw> <pr>(-v?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>corrivatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The flowing of

different streams into one.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Burton.</au>



<hw>Cor*rob"o*rant</hw> <pr>(k?r-r?b"?-r<it>a</it>nt)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>corroborans</ets>, p. pr. See

<er>Corroborate</er>.]</ety> <def>Strengthening; supporting;

corroborating.</def> <au>Bacon</au>. -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>

Anything which gives strength or support; a tonic.</def></def2>



<q>The brain, with its proper <qex>corroborants</qex>, especially

with sweet odors and with music.</q>

<qau>Southey.</qau>



<hw>Cor*rob"o*rate</hw> <pr>(k?r-r?b"?-r?t)</pr>, <pos>v.

t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos>

<er>Corroborated</er> <pr>(-r?`t?d)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Corroborating</er> <pr>(-r?`t?ng)</pr>.

]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>corroboratus</ets>, p. p. of

<ets>corroborare</ets> to corroborate; <ets>cor-</ets> +

<ets>roborare</ets> to strengthen, <ets>robur</ets> strength. See

<er>Robust</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make strong, or to

give additional strength to; to strengthen.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>As any limb well and duly exercised, grows stronger, the

nerves of the body are <qex>corroborated</qex> thereby.</q>

<qau>I. Watts.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make more certain; to confirm; to

establish.</def>



<q>The concurrence of all <qex>corroborates</qex> the same

truth.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<hw>Cor*rob"o*rate</hw> <pr>(-r?t)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Corroborated.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Cor*rob`o*ra"tion</hw> <pr>(k?r-r?b`?-r?"sh?n)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>corroboration</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of corroborating, strengthening, or

confirming; addition of strength; confirmation; <as>as, the

<ex>corroboration</ex> of an argument, or of

information</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which corroborates.</def>



<hw>Cor*rob"o*ra*tive</hw> <pr>(k?r-r?b"?-r?-t?v)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.  <ets>corroboratif</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Tending to strengthen of confirm.</def>



<hw>Cor*rob"o*ra*tive</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A medicine that

strengthens; a corroborant.</def>



<au>Wiseman.</au>



<hw>Cor*rob"o*ra*to*ry</hw> <pr>(-t?-r?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Tending to strengthen; corroborative; <as>as,

<ex>corroboratory</ex> facts</as>.</def>



<hw>Cor*rode"</hw> <pr>(k?r-r?d")</pr> <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Corroded</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Corroding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>corrodere</ets>, <ets>-rosum</ets>; <ets>cor + rodere</ets>

to gnaw: cf. F. <ets>corroder</ets>. See <er>Rodent</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To eat away by degrees; to wear away or diminish

by gradually separating or destroying small particles of, as by

action of a strong acid or a caustic alkali.</def>



<q>Aqua fortis <qex>corroding</qex> copper . . . is wont to

reduce it to a green-blue solution.</q>

<qau>Boyle.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To consume; to wear away; to prey upon; to

impair.</def>



<hw>Cor*rode"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To have corrosive

action; to be subject to corrosion.</def>



<cs><col>Corroding lead</col>, <cd>lead sufficiently pure to be

used in making white lead by a process of corroding.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- To canker; gnaw; rust; waste; wear away.</syn>



<hw>Cor*rod"ent</hw> <pr>(k?r-r?"d<it>e</it>nt)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>corrodens</ets>, p. pr. of

<ets>corrodere</ets>.]</ety> <def>Corrosive.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Bp. King.</au>



<hw>Cor*rod"ent</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Anything that

corrodes.</def>



<au>Bp. King.</au>



<hw>Cor*ro"di*ate</hw> <pr>(k?r-r?"d?-?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<ety>[See <er>Corrode</er>.]</ety> <def>To eat away by degrees;

to corrode.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sandys.</au>



<hw>Cor*ro`di*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(k?r-r?`d?-b?l"?-t?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <def>The qualityof being corrodible.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Cor*rod"i*ble</hw> <pr>(k?r-r?"d?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Capable of being corroded; corrosible.</def>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Cor*ro`si*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(k?r-r?`s?-b?l"?-t?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <def>Corrodibility.</def>

\'bd<xex>Corrosibility</xex> . . . answers corrosiveness.\'b8



<au>Boyle.</au>



<hw>Cor*ro"si*ble</hw> <pr>(k?r-r?"s?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Corrodible.</def>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Cor*ro"si*ble*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or

state of being corrosible.</def>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Cor*ro"sion</hw> <pr>(k?r-r?"zh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[LL. <ets>corrosio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>corrosion</ets>. See

<er>Corrode</er>.]</ety> <def>The action or effect of corrosive

agents, or the process of corrosive change; <as>as, the rusting

of iron is a variety of <ex>corrosion</ex></as>.</def>



<q><qex>Corrosion</qex> is a particular species of dissolution of

bodies, either by an acid or a saline menstruum.</q>

<qau>John Quincy.</qau>



<hw>Cor*ro"sive</hw> <pr>(k?r-r?"s?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>corrosif</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Eating

away; having the power of gradually wearing, changing, or

destroying the texture or substance of a body; <as>as, the

<ex>corrosive</ex> action of an acid</as>.

\'bd<xex>Corrosive</xex> liquors.\'b8 <xex>Grew</xex>.

\'bd<xex>Corrosive</xex> famine.\'b8<xex>Thomson</xex>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having the quality of fretting or vexing.</def>



<q>Care is no cure, but <qex>corrosive</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>Corrosive sublimate</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>,

<cd>mercuric chloride, <chform>HgCl2</chform>; so called because

obtained by sublimation, and because of its harsh irritating

action on the body tissue. Usually it is in the form of a heavy,

transparent, crystalline substance, easily soluble, and of an

acrid, burning taste. It is a virulent poison, a powerful

antiseptic, and an exellent antisyphilitic; called also

<altname>mercuric bichloride</altname>. It is to be carefully

distinguished from calomel, the mild chloride of

mercury.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cor*ro"sive</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which

has the quality of eating or wearing away gradually.</def>



<q>[<qex>Corrosives</qex>] act either directly, by chemically

destroying the part, or indirectly by causing inflammation and

gangrene.</q>

<qau>Dunglison.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which has the power of fretting or

irritating.</def>



<q>Such speeches . . . are grievous <qex>corrosives</qex>.</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



-- <wordforms><wf>Cor*ro"sive*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Cor*ro"sive*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Cor*ro"val</hw> <pr>(kr-r?"v<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>A dark brown substance of vegetable origin, allied to

curare, and used by the natives of New Granada as an arrow

poison.</def>



<hw>Cor*ro"va*line</hw> <pr>(-v?-l?n <or/ -l?n)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A poisonous alkaloid

extracted from corroval, and characterized by its immediate

action in paralyzing the heart.</def>



<hw>Cor"ru*gant</hw> <pr>(k?r"r?-g<it>a</it>nt)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>corrugans</ets>, <ets>p</ets>.

<ets>pr</ets>. See <er>Corrugate</er>.]</ety> <def>Having the

power of contracting into wrinkles.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Cor"ru*gate</hw> <pr>(k?r"r?-g?t)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>corrugatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>corrugare</ets>;

<ets>cor-+ rugare</ets> to wrinkle, <ets>ruga</ets> wrinkle; of

uncertain origin.]</ety> <def>Wrinkled; crumpled; furrowed;

contracted into ridges and furrows.</def>



<hw>Cor"ru*gate</hw> <pr>(-g?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Corrugated</er>

<pr>(-g?`t?d)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Corrugating</er> <pr>(-g?`t?ng)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To

form or shape into wrinkles or folds, or alternate ridges and

grooves, as by drawing, contraction, pressure, bending, or

otherwise; to wrinkle; to purse up; <as>as, to <ex>corrugate</ex>

plates of iron; to <ex>corrugate</ex> the forehead.</as></def>



<cs><col>Corrugated iron</col>, <cd>sheet iron bent into a series

of alternate ridges and grooves in parallel lines, giving it

greater stiffness.</cd> -- <col>Corrugated paper</col>, <cd>a

thick, coarse paper corrugated in order to give it elasticity. It

is used as a wrapping material for fragile articles, as

bottles.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cor`ru*ga"tion</hw> <pr>(k?r`r?-g?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F.  <ets>corrugation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act

corrugating; contraction into wrinkles or alternate ridges and

grooves.</def>



<hw>Cor"ru*ga`tor</hw> <pr>(k?r"r?-g?`t?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL.; cf. F. <ets>corrugateur</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A muscle which contracts the skin of the

forehead into wrinkles.</def>



<hw>Cor*ru"gent</hw> <pr>(k?r-r?"j<it>e</it>nt)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Drawing together;

contracting; -- said of the corrugator.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Cor*rump"</hw> <pr>(k?r-r?mp")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>corrumpere</ets>.]</ety> <def>To corrupt. See

<er>Corrupt</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chauser.</au>



<hw>Cor*rump"a*ble</hw> <pr>(-?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Corruptible.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Cor*rupt`</hw> <pr>(k?r-r?pt")</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>corruptus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>corrumpere</ets> to corrupt;

<ets>cor-</ets> + <ets>rumpere</ets> to break. See

<er>Rupture</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Changed from a sound to

a putrid state; spoiled; tainted; vitiated; unsound.</def>



<q>Who with such <qex>corrupt</qex> and pestilent bread would

feed them.</q>

<qau>Knolles.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Changed from a state of uprightness,

correctness, truth, etc., to a worse state; vitiated; depraved;

debased; perverted; <as>as, <ex>corrupt</ex> language;

<ex>corrupt</ex> judges.</as></def>



<q>At what ease

Might <qex>corrupt</qex> minds procure knaves as

<qex>corrupt</qex>

To swear against you.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Abounding in errors; not genuine or correct;

<as>as, the text of the manuscript is

<ex>corrupt</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Cor*rupt"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Corrupted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Corrupting</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To change from

a sound to a putrid or putrescent state; to make putrid; to

putrefy.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To change from good to bad; to vitiate; to

deprave; to pervert; to debase; to defile.</def>



<q>Evil communications <qex>corrupt</qex> good manners.</q>

<qau>1. Cor. xv. 33.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To draw aside from the path of rectitude and

duty; <as>as, to <ex>corrupt</ex> a judge by a bribe</as>.</def>



<q>Heaven is above all yet; there sits a Judge

That no king can <qex>corrupt</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To debase or render impure by alterations or

innovations; to falsify; <as>as, to <ex>corrupt</ex> language; to

<ex>corrupt</ex> the sacred text.</as></def>



<q>He that makes an ill use of it [language], though he does not

<qex>corrupt</qex> the fountains of knowledge, . . . yet he stops

the pines.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To waste, spoil, or consume; to make

worthless.</def>



<q>Lay not up for yourselves treasures upon earth, where moth and

rust doth <qex>corrupt</qex>.</q>

<qau>Matt. vi. 19.</qau>



<hw>Cor*rupt"</hw> <pr>(k?r-r?pt")</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To become putrid or tainted; to putrefy; to

rot.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To become vitiated; to lose putity or

goodness.</def>



<hw>Cor*rupt"er</hw> <pr>(k?r-r?p"t?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>One who corrupts; one who vitiates or taints; <as>as, a

<ex>corrupter</ex> of morals</as>.</def>



<hw>Cor*rupt"ful</hw> <pr>(-f?l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Tending

to corrupt; full of corruption.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

\'bd<xex>Corruptful</xex> bribes.\'b8



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Cor*rupt`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(k?r-r?p`t?-b?l"?-t?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>corruptibilitas</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>corruptibilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being

corruptible; the possibility or liability of being corrupted;

corruptibleness.</def>



<au>Burke.</au>



<hw>Cor*rupt"i*ble</hw> <pr>(k?r-r?p"t?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L.  <ets>corruptibilis</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>corruptible</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Capable of being

made corrupt; subject to decay.</def> \'bdOur

<xex>corruptible</xex> bodies.\'b8



<au>Hooker.</au>



<q>Ye were not redeemed with <qex>corruptible</qex> things, as

silver and gold.</q>

<qau>1 Pet. i. 18.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Capable of being corrupted, or morally vitiated;

susceptible of depravation.</def>



<q>They systematically corrupt very <qex>corruptible</qex>

race.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



-- <wordforms><wf>Cor*rupt"i*ble*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos> --

<wf>Cor*rupt"i*bly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Cor*rupt"i*ble</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That which may decay

and perish; the human body.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>1 Cor. xv. 53.</au>



<hw>Cor*rupt"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a manner that

corrupts.</def>



<hw>Cor*rup"tion</hw> <pr>(k?r-r?p"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F. <ets>corruption</ets>, L.  <ets>corruptio</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of corrupting or making putrid, or state

of being corrupt or putrid; decomposition or disorganization, in

the process of putrefaction; putrefaction; deterioration.</def>



<q>The inducing and accelerating of putrefaction is a subject of

very universal inquiry; for <qex>corruption</qex> is a reciprocal

to \'bdgeneration\'b8.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The product of corruption; putrid matter.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The act of corrupting or of impairing integrity,

virtue, or moral principle; the state of being corrupted or

debased; loss of purity or integrity; depravity; wickedness;

impurity; bribery.</def>



<q>It was necessary, by exposing the gross <qex>corruptions</qex>

of monasteries, . . . to exite popular indignation against

them.</q>

<qau>Hallam.</qau>



<q>They abstained from some of the worst methods of

<qex>corruption</qex> usual to their party in its earlier

days.</q>

<qau>Bancroft.</qau>



<note><hand/ <xex>Corruption</xex>, when applied to officers,

trustees, etc., signifies the inducing a violation of duty by

means of pecuniary considerations.</note>



<au>Abbott.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The act of changing, or of being changed, for

the worse; departure from what is pure, simple, or correct;

<as>as, a <ex>corruption</ex> of style; <ex>corruption</ex> in

language.</as></def>



<cs><col>Corruption of blood</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>taint or

impurity of blood, in consequence of an act of attainder of

treason or felony, by which a person is disabled from inheriting

any estate or from transmitting it to others.</cd></cs>



<q><qex>Corruption of blood</qex> can be removed only by act of

Parliament.</q>

<qau>Blackstone.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Putrescence; putrefaction; defilement;

contamination; deprivation; debasement; adulteration; depravity;

taint. See <er>Depravity</er>.</syn>



<hw>Cor*rup"tion*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who corrupts,

or who upholds corruption.</def>



<au>Sydney Smith.</au>



<hw>Cor*rupt"ive</hw> <pr>(k?r-r?p"t?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>corruptivus</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>corruptif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the quality of taining

or vitiating; tending to produce corruption.</def>



<q>It should be endued with some <qex>corruptive</qex> quality

for so speedy a dissolution of the meat.</q>

<qau>Ray.</qau>



<hw>Cor*rupt"less</hw> <pr>(k?r-r?pt"l?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Not susceptible of corruption or decay; incorruptible.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Cor*rupt"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a corrupt manner;

by means of corruption or corrupting influences; wronfully.</def>



<hw>Cor*rupt"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

corrupt.</def>



<hw>Cor*rupt"ress</hw> <pr>(-r?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

woman who corrupts.</def>



<q>Thou studied old <qex>corruptress</qex>.</q>

<qau>Beau & Fl.</qau>



<hw>Cor"sac</hw> <pr>(k?r"s?k)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The corsak.</def>



<hw>Cor"sage</hw> <pr>(k?r"s?j)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See

<er>Corset</er>.]</ety> <def>The waist or bodice of a lady's

dress; as. a low <xex>corsage</xex>.</def>



<hw>Cor"sair</hw> <pr>(k?r"s?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>corsaire</ets> (cf. It. <ets>corsare</ets>,

<ets>corsale</ets>, Pr.  <ets>corsari</ets>), LL.

<ets>corsarius</ets>, fr. L.  <ets>cursus</ets> a running,

course, whence Sp. <ets>corso</ets> cruise, <ets>corsa</ets>

cruise, coasting voyage, <ets>corsear</ets> to cruise against the

enemy, to pirate, <ets>corsario</ets> cruising, a privateer

authorized to cruise against the enemy. See

<er>Course</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A pirate; one who

cruises about without authorization from any government, to seize

booty on sea or land.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A piratical vessel.</def>



<q>Barbary <qex>corsairs</qex> . . . infested the coast of the

Mediterranean.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<hw>Cor"sak</hw> <pr>(k?r"s?k)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small foxlike mammal (<spn>Cynalopex

corsac</spn>), found in Central Asia.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>corsac</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Corse</hw> <pr>(k?rs <or/ k?rs; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[OF. <ets>cors</ets>, F. <ets>corps</ets>. See

<er>Corpse</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A living body or its

bulk.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>For he was strong, and of so mighty <qex>corse</qex>

As ever wielded spear in warlike hand.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A corpse; the dead body of a human being.</def>

<mark>[Archaic or Poetic]</mark>



<q>Set down the <qex>corse</qex>; or, by Saint Paul,

I'll make a <qex>corse</qex> of him that disobeys.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Corse"let</hw> <pr>(k?rs"l?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,

dim. of OF. <ets>cors</ets>. F. <ets>corps</ets>, body. See

<er>Corse</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Armor for the body, as,

the body breastplate and backpiece taken together; -- also, used

for the entire suit of the day, including breastplate and

backpiece, tasset and headpiece.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The thorax of an

insect.</def>



<hw>Corse"pres`ent</hw> <pr>(k?rs"pr?z`<it>e</it>nt <or/

k?rs"-)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Engl.Law)</fld> <def>An

offering made to the church at the interment of a dead

body.</def>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<hw>Cor"set</hw> <pr>(k?r"s?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., dim.

of OF. <ets>cors</ets>, F. <ets>corps</ets>, body. See

<er>Corse</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In the Middle Ages, a

gown or basque of which the body was close fitting, worn by both

men and women.</def>



<-- p. 328 -->



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An article of dress inclosing the chest and

waist worn (chiefly by women) to support the body or to modify

its shape; stays.</def>



<hw>Cor"set</hw> <pr>(k?r"s?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Corseted</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Corseting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To

inclose in corsets.</def>



<hw>Cors"let</hw> <pr>(k?rs"l?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

corselet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Hakluyt.</au>



<hw>Cors"ned</hw> <pr>(k?rs"n?d)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>corsn<?/d</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(AS. Laws)</fld> <def>The

morsel of execration; a species of ordeal consisting in the

eating of a piece of bread consecrated by imprecation. If the

suspected person ate it freely, he was pronounced innocent; but

if it stuck in his throat, it was considered as a proof of his

guilt.</def>



<au>Burril.</au>



<hw>\'d8Cor`t\'82ge"</hw> <pr>(k?r`t?zh")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F., fr. It. <ets>corteggio</ets> train, fr.

<ets>corte</ets> court. See <er>Court</er>.]</ety> <def>A train

of attendants; a procession.</def>



<hw>Cor"tes</hw> <pr>(k?r"t?s)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[Sp.

& Pg., fr. <ets>corte</ets> court.]</ety> <def>The legislative

assembly, composed of nobility, clergy, and representatives of

cities, which in Spain and in Portugal answers, in some measure,

to the Parliament of Great Britain.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cor"tex</hw> <pr>(k?r"t?ks)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Cortices</plw> <pr>(-t<?/-s<?/z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L., bark.

Cf. <er>Cork</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Bark, as of a tree;

hence, an outer covering.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Bark; rind; specifically,

cinchona bark.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The outer or superficial part

of an organ; <as>as, the <ex>cortex</ex> or gray exterior

substance of the brain</as>.</def>



<hw>Cor"ti*cal</hw> <pr>(k?r"t?-k<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>cortex</ets> bark: cf. F.

<ets>cortical</ets>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to, or consisting of,

bark or rind; resembling bark or rind; external; outer;

superficial; <as>as, the <ex>cortical</ex> substance of the

kidney</as>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cor"ti*cate</hw> <pr>(k?r"t?-k?t)</pr>,

<hw>Cor"ti*ca`ted</hw> <pr>(-k?`t?d)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>corticatus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having a special

outer covering of a nature unlike the interior part.</def>



<hw>Cor*tic"i*fer</hw> <pr>(k?r-t?s"?-f?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the <spn>Gorgoniacea</spn>; --

so called because the fleshy part surrounds a solid axis, like a

bark.</def>



<hw>Cor`ti*cif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(k?r`t?-s?f"?r-?s)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>cortex</ets>, <ets>corticis</ets>,

bark -- <ets>-ferous</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>corticif<?/re</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Producing bark

or something that resembling that resembles bark.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a barklike

c<?/nenchyms.</def>



<hw>Cor*tic"i*form</hw> <pr>(k?r-t?s"?-f?rm)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>cortex</ets>, <ets>corticis</ets>, bark +

<ets>-form</ets>: cf. F.  <ets>corticiforme</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Resembling, or having the form of, bark or rind.</def>



<hw>Cor"ti*cine</hw> <pr>(k?r"t?-s?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>cortex</ets>, <ets>corticis</ets>,

bark.]</ety> <def>A material for carpeting or floor covering,

made of ground cork and caoutchouc or India rubber.</def>



<hw>Cor"ti*cose`</hw> <pr>(-k?s`)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. 

<ets>corticosus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Abounding in bark; resembling

bark; barky.</def>



<hw>Cor"ti*cous</hw> <pr>(-k?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Relating

to, or resembling, bark; corticose.</def>



<hw>Cor"tile</hw> <pr>(k?r"t?l; It. k?r-t?"l?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It., fr. <ets>corte</ets> court.]</ety>

<def>An open internal courtyard inclosed by the walls of a large

dwelling house or other large and stately building.</def>



<hw>Co*run"dum</hw> <pr>(k?-r?n"d?m)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl. <plw>Corundums</plw> <pr>(-d<?/mz)</pr>.</plu> [Also

<ets>corindon</ets>.] <ety>[From Hind. <ets>kurand</ets> corundum

stone.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>The earth alumina, as found

native in a crystalline state, including <xex>sapphire</xex>,

which is the fine blue variety; the <xex>oriental ruby</xex>, or

red sapphire; the <xex>oriental amethyst</xex>, or purple

sapphire; and <xex>adamantine spar</xex>, the hair-brown variety.

It is the hardest substance found native, next to the

diamond.</def>



<note><hand/ The name <xex>corundum</xex> is sometimes restricted

to the non-transparent or coarser kinds. <xex>Emery</xex> is a

dark-colored granular variety, usually admixed with magnetic iron

ore.</note>



<hw>Co*rus"cant</hw> <pr>(k?-r?s"k<it>a</it>nt)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>coruscans</ets>, p. pr. See

<er>Coruscate</er>.]</ety> <def>Glittering in flashes;

flashing.</def>



<au>Howell.</au>



<hw>Cor"us*cate</hw> <pr>(k?r"?s-k?t <or/ k?-r?s"k?r)</pr>,

<pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>coruscare</ets> to flash,

vibrate.]</ety> <def>To glitter in flashes; to flash.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- To glisten; gleam; sparkle; radiate.</syn>



<hw>Cor`us*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(k?r`?s-k?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>coruscatio</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>coruscattion</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A sudden flash

or play of light.</def>



<q>A very vivid but exceeding short-lived splender, not to call

<?/t a little <qex>coruscation</qex>.</q>

<qau>Boyle.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A flash of intellectual brilliancy.</def>



<q>He might have illuminated his times with the incessant

<qex>cor<?/<?/cations</qex> of his genius.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Flash; glitter; blaze; gleam; sparkle.</syn>



<hw>Corve</hw> <pr>(k?rv)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Corf</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cor`vee"</hw> <pr>(k?r`v" <or/ -v?")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F. <ets>corv\'82e</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>corvada</ets>,

<ets>corrogata</ets>, fr. L.  <ets>corrogare</ets> to entreat

togetther; <ets>cor-</ets> + <ets>rogare</ets> to ask.]</ety>

<fld>(Feudal Law)</fld> <def>An obligation to perform certain

services, as the repair of roads, for the lord or

sovereign.</def>



<hw>Cor"ven</hw> <pr>(k?r"v<it>e</it>n)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark>

<def><pos>p. p.</pos> of <er>Carve</er>.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cor"vet</hw> <pr>(k?r"v?t)</pr>, <hw>Cor*vette"</hw>

<pr>(k?r-v?r")</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>corvette</ets>, fr. Pg. <ets>corveta</ets> or Sp.

<ets>corbeta</ets>, fr. L.  <ets>corbita</ets> a slow-sailing

ship of burden, fr, <ets>corbis</ets> basket. Cf.

<er>Corbeil</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A war vessel,

ranking next below a frigate, and having usually only one tier of

guns; -- called in the United States navy a <xex>sloop of

war</xex>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cor*vet"to</hw> <pr>(-v?t"t?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A curvet.</def>



<au>Peacham.</au>



<hw>Cor"vine</hw> <pr>(k?r"v?n)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>corvinus</ets>, fr. <ets>corvus</ets> crow.]</ety> <def>Of

or pertaining to the crow; crowlike.</def>



<hw>Cor"vo*rant</hw> <pr>(k?r"v?-r<it>a</it>nt)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Cormorant</er>.</def>



<hw>Cor"y*bant</hw> <pr>(k?r"?-b?nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl. E. <plw>Corybants</plw> (-b<?/nts), oftener L.

<plw>Corybantes</plw> <pr>(-b<?/n"t<?/z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L.

<ets>Corybas</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/.]</ety> <def>One of the

priests of Cybele in Phrygia. The rites of the Corybants were

accompanied by wild music, dancing, etc.</def>



<hw>Cor`y*ban"ti*asm</hw> <pr>(-b?n"t?-?z'm)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ a corybantic frenzy.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A kind of frenzy in which the patient is

tormented by fantastic visions and want of sleep.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>Cor`y*ban"tic</hw> <pr>(k?r`?-b?n"t?k)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/, fr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ a Corybant.]</ety>

<def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the Corybantes or their

rites; frantic; frenzied; <as>as, a <ex>corybantic</ex>

dance</as>.</def>



<hw>Cor"ymb</hw> <pr>(k?r"?mb <or/ -?m; 220)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>corymbus</ets> cluster of flowers, Gr.

<?/<?/<?/<?/.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A

flat-topped or convex cluster of flowers, each on its own

footstalk, and arising from different points of a common axis,

the outermost blossoms expanding first, as in the hawthorn.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any flattish flower cluster, whatever be the

order of blooming, or a similar shaped cluster of fruit.</def>



<hw>Cor"ymbed</hw> <pr>(k?r"?mbd)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Corymbose.</def>



<hw>Cor`ym*bif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(k?r`?m-b?f"?r-?s)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.  <ets>corymbifer</ets>;

<ets>corymbus</ets> a cluster of flowers + <ets>ferre</ets> to

bear<?/ cf. F. <ets>corimbif<?/re</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Bearing corymbs of flowers or fruit.</def>



<hw>Co*rym"bose</hw> <pr>(k?-r?m"b?s <or/ k?r"?m-b?s`)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Consisting of corymbs, or

resembling them in form.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>corymbous</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Co*rym"bose*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In corymbs.</def>



<hw>Cor`y*ph\'91"noid</hw> <pr>(k?r`?-f?"noid)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[NL.  <ets>coruphaena</ets> +

<ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Belonging to,

or like, the genus <spn>Coryph\'91na</spn>. See

<er>Dolphin</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Co`ry`ph<?/e"</hw> <pr>(k?`r?`f?")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Drama)</fld> <def>A ballet dancer.</def>



<hw>Cor"y*phene`</hw> <pr>(k?r"?-f?n`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL. <ets>coryphena</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ head,

summit, peak: cf. F. <ets>coryph<?/ne</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish of the genus

<spn>Coryph\'91na</spn>. See <er>Dolphin</er>. (2)</def>



<hw>Cor`y*phe"us</hw> <pr>(k?r`?-f?"?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl. E. <plw>Corypheuses</plw> (-<?/z), L.

<plw>Coryphei</plw> <pr>(-f<?/"<?/)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L.

<ets>coryphaeus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/, fr. <?/<?/<?/

head.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>The conductor, chief,

or leader of the dramatic chorus; hence, the chief or leader of a

party or interest.</def>



<q>That noted <qex>corypheus</qex> [Dr. John Owen] of the

Independent faction.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Co*ryph"o*don</hw> <pr>(k?-r?f"?-d?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ head, peak + <?/<?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/,

tooth.]</ety> <fld>(Palen.)</fld> <def>A genus of extinct mammals

from the eocene tertiary of Europe and America. Its species

varied in size between the tapir and rhinoceros, and were allied

to those animals, but had short, plantigrade, five-toed feet,

like the elephant.</def>



<hw>Co*ryph"o*dont</hw> <pr>(-d?nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, the genus

<spn>Coryphodon</spn>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Co*ry"za</hw> <pr>(k?-r?"z?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ catarh.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>Nasal catarrh.</def>



<hw>Cos*cin"o*man`cy</hw> <pr>(k?s-s?n"?-m?n`s? <or/

k?s"s?-n?-)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ sieve +

<ets>-mancy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divination by means of a suspended

sieve.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cos`co*ro"ba</hw> <pr>(k?s`k?-r?"b?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large,

white, South American duck, of the genus <spn>Cascoroba</spn>,

resembling a swan.</def>



<hw>Co*se"cant</hw> <pr>(k?-s?"k?nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[For <ets>co. secans</ets>, an abbrev. of L.

<ets>complementi secans</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Trig.)</fld> <def>The

secant of the complement of an arc or angle. See

<xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Functions</er>.</def>



<hw>Cos"en</hw> <pr>(k?z"'n)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>See

<er>Cozen</er>.</def>



<hw>Cos"en*age</hw> <pr>(k?z"'n-?j)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Cozenage</er>.</def>



<hw>Cos"en*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld>

<def>Anything done deceitfully, and which could not be properly

designated by any special name, whether belonging to contracts or

not.</def>



<au>Burrill.</au>



<hw>Co*sen"tient</hw> <pr>(k?-s?n"sh<it>e</it>nt)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <def>Perceiving together.</def>



<hw>Co"sey</hw> <pr>(k?"z?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See

<er>Cozy</er>.</def>



<au> Dickens.</au>



<hw>Cosh"er</hw> <pr>(k?sh"?r)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Ir.

<ets>cosair</ets> a feast, a banquet? or cf. F.

<ets>coucher</ets> to lie. Cf. <er>Couch</er>,

<er>Coshering</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Old Law)</fld>

<def>To levy certain exactions or tribute upon; to lodge and eat

at the expense of. See <er>Coshering</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To treat with hospitality; to pet.</def>

<mark>[Ireland]</mark>



<hw>Cosh"er*er</hw> <pr>(k?sh"?r-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

who coshers.</def>



<hw>Cosh"er*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Old Law)</fld> <def>A

feudal prerogative of the lord of the soil entitling him to

lodging and food at his tenant's house.</def>



<au>Burrill.</au>



<q>Sometimes he contrived, in deflance of the law, to live by

<qex>coshering</qex>, that is to say, by quartering himself on

the old tentants of his family, who, wretched as was their own

condition, could not refuse a portion of their pittance to one

whom they still regarded as their rightful lord.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Co"sier</hw> <pr>(k?"zh?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>coussier</ets> maker of mattresses; or <ets>couseor</ets>

tailor, fr. OF. & F. <ets>coudre</ets>, p. p. <ets>cousu</ets> to

sew, fr. L. <ets>consuere</ets> to sew together; <ets>con-</ets>

+ <ets>seure</ets> to sew. See <er>Sew</er> to stitch.]</ety>

<def>A tailor who botches his work.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Co`sig*nif"i*ca*tive</hw>

<pr>(<it>k<?/</it>`<it>s<?/g-n<?/f</it>"<it><?/-k<?/-t<?/v</it>)-

</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having the same signification.</def>



<au>Cockerham.</au>



<hw>Co*sig"ni*ta*ry</hw> <pr>(k?-s?g"n?-t?-r?)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>co-</ets> + <ets>sign</ets>. Cf.

<er>Signatory</er>.]</ety> <def>Signing some important public

document with another or with others; <as>as, a treaty violated

by one of the <ex>cosignitary</ex> powers</as>.</def>



<hw>Co*sig"ni*ta*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Cosignitaries</plw> <pr>(-r<?/z)</pr>.</plu> <def>One who

signs a treaty or public document along with others or another;

<as>as, the <ex>cosignitaries</ex> of the treaty of

Berlin</as>.</def>



<hw>Co"si*ly</hw> <pr>(k?"z?-l?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>See

<er>Cozily</er>.</def>



<hw>Cos"in*age</hw> <pr>(k?s"'n-?j)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Cousinage</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>Collateral relationship or kindred by blood;

consanguinity.</def> <au>Burrill</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A writ

to recover possession of an estate in lands, when a stranger has

entered, after the death of the grandfather's grandfather, or

other distant collateral relation.</def>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<hw>Co"sine</hw> <pr>(k?"s?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[For

<ets>co</ets>. <ets>sinus</ets>, an abbrev. of L.

<ets>complementi sinus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Trig.)</fld> <def>The

sine of the complement of an arc or angle. See <xex>Illust</xex>.

of <er>Functions</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cos*met"ic</hw> <pr>(k?z-m?t"?k)</pr>,

<hw>Cos*met"ic*al</hw> <pr>(-?-k<it>a</it>l)</pr>, }</mhw>

<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <grk>kosmitiko`s</grk> skilled in

decorating, fr. <grk>ko`smos</grk> order, ornament: cf. F.

<ets>cosm\'82tique</ets>. See <er>Cosmos</er>.]</ety>

<def>Imparting or improving beauty, particularly the beauty of

the complexion; <as>as, a <ex>cosmetical</ex>

preparation</as>.</def>



<q>First, robed in white, the nymph intent adores,

With head uncovered, the <qex>cosmetic</qex> powers.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<hw>Cos*met"ic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Any external application

intended to beautify and improve the complexion.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cos"mic</hw> <pr>(k?z"m?k)</pr>, <hw>Cos"mic*al</hw>

<pr>(-m?-k<it>a</it>l)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<grk>kosmiko`s</grk> of the world, fr. <grk>ko`smos</grk>: cf. F. 

<ets>cosmique</ets>. See <er>Cosmos</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Pertaining to the universe, and having special reference to

universal law or order, or to the one grand harmonious system of

things; hence; harmonious; orderly.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Pertaining to the solar system as a whole, and

not to the earth alone.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Characteristic of the cosmos or universe;

inconceivably great; vast; <as>as, <ex>cosmic</ex>

speed</as>.</def> \'bd<xex>Cosmic</xex> ranges of time.\'b8



<au>Tyndall.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>Rising or setting with the

sun; -- the opposite of <xex>acronycal</xex>.</def>



<hw>Cos"mic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>With the

sun at rising or setting; <as>as, a star is said to rise or set

<ex>cosmically</ex> when it rises or sets with the

sun</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Universally.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Emerson.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cos*mog"o*nal</hw> <pr>(k?z-m?g"?-n<it>a</it>l)</pr>,

<hw>Cos`mo*gon"ic</hw> <pr>(k?z`m?-g?n"?k)</pr>,

<hw>Cos`mo*gon"ic*al</hw> <pr>(-g?n"?-k<it>a</it>l)</pr>, }</mhw>

<pos>a.</pos> <def>Belonging to cosmogony.</def>



<au>B. Powell. Gladstone.</au>



<hw>Cos*mog"o*nist</hw> <pr>(k?z-m?g"?-n?st)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>One who treats of the origin of the universe; one versed in

cosmogony.</def><-- cosmologist -->



<hw>Cos*mog"o*ny</hw> <pr>(-n?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Cosmogonies</plw> <pr>(-n<?/z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[Gr.

<grk>kosmogoni`a</grk>; <grk>ko`smos</grk> the world + root of

<grk>gi`gnesthai</grk> to be born: cf. F.

<ets>cosmogonie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The creation of the world or

universe; a theory or account of such creation; <as>as, the

poetical <ex>cosmogony</ex> of Hesoid; the <xex>cosmogonies</xex>

of Thales, Anaxagoras, and Plato.</as></def><-- =cosmology -->



<q>The <qex>cosmogony</qex> or creation of the world has puzzled

philosophers of all ages.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<hw>Cos*mog"ra*pher</hw> <pr>(-r?-f?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>One who describes the world or universe, including the

heavens and the earth.</def><-- =cosmologist -->



<q>The name of this island is nowhere found among the old and

ancient <qex>cosmographers</qex>.</q>

<qau>Robynson (More's Utopia).</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cos`mo*graph"ic</hw> <pr>(k?z`m?-gr?f"?k)</pr>,

<hw>Cos`mo*graph"ic*al</hw> <pr>(-?-k<it>a</it>l)</pr>, }</mhw>

<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>cosmographique</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Of or pertaining to cosmography.</def>



<hw>Cos`mo*graph"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

cosmographic manner; in accordance with cosmography.</def>



<hw>Cos*mog"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(k?z-m?g"r?-f?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl. <plw>Cosmographies</plw> <pr>(-f<?/z)</pr>.</plu>

<ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/; <?/<?/<?/ the world + <?/<?/<?/ to write:

cf. F. <ets>cosmographie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A description of the

world or of the universe; or the science which teaches the

constitution of the whole system of worlds, or the figure,

disposition, and relation of all its parts.</def>



<hw>Cos"mo*labe</hw> <pr>(k?z"m?-l?b)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/ the world + <?/<?/<?/<?/ to take: cf. F.

<ets>cosmolade</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument resembling the

astrolabe, formerly used for measuring the angles between

heavenly bodies; -- called also

<altname>pantacosm</altname>.</def>



<hw>Cos*mol"a*try</hw> <pr>(k?z-m?l"?-tr?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/ the world + <?/<?/<?/ to worship.]</ety>

<def>Worship paid to the world.</def>



<au>Cudworth.</au>



<hw>Cos"mo*line</hw> <pr>(k?z"m?-l?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Prob. fr. <ets>cosmetic</ets> + L. <ets>ole</ets>um

oil.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance obtained from the

residues of the distillation of petroleum, essentially the same

as <xex>vaseline</xex>, but of somewhat stiffer consistency, and

consisting of a mixture of the higher paraffines; a kind of

petroleum jelly.</def>



<hw>Cos`mo*log"ic*al</hw> <pr>(k?z`m?-l?j"?-k<it>a</it>l)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to cosmology.</def>



<hw>Cos*mol"o*gist</hw> <pr>(k?z-m?l"?-j?st)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>One who describes the universe; one skilled in

cosmology.</def>



<hw>Cos*mol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(k?z-m?l"?-j?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <grk>ko`smos</grk> the world + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>cosmologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science of the world or

universe; or a treatise relating to the structure and parts of

the system of creation, the elements of bodies, the modifications

of material things, the laws of motion, and the order and course

of nature.</def>



<hw>Cos*mom"e*try</hw> <pr>(k?z-m?m"?-tr?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <grk>ko`smos</grk> the world +

<ets>-metry</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art of measuring the world or

the universe.</def>



<au>Blount.</au>



<hw>Cos`mo*plas"tic</hw> <pr>(k?z`m?-pl?s"t?k)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <grk>ko`smos</grk> the world +

<grk>pla`ssein</grk> to form.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to a plastic

force as operative in the formation of the world independently of

God; world-forming.</def> \'bd<xex>Cosmoplastic</xex> and

hylozoic atheisms.\'b8



<au>Gudworth.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cos`mo*pol"i*tan</hw> <pr>(-p?l"?-t<it>a</it>n)</pr>,

<hw>Cos*mop"o*lite</hw> <pr>(k?z-m?p"?-l?t)</pr>, }</mhw>

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/; <?/<?/<?/ the world +

<?/<?/<?/ citizen, <?/<?/<?/ city: cf. F.

<ets>cosmopolitain</ets>, <ets>cosmopolite</ets>.]</ety> <def>One

who has no fixed residence, or who is at home in every place; a

citizen of the world.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cos`mo*pol"i*tan</hw>, <hw>Cos*mop"o*lite</hw>,

}</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having no fixed residence;

at home in any place; free from local attachments or prejudices;

not provincial; liberal.</def>



<q>In other countries taste is perphaps too exclusively national,

in Germany it is certainly too <qex>cosmopolite</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Common everywhere; widely spread; found in all

parts of the world.</def>



<q>The Cheiroptera are <qex>cosmopolitan</qex>.</q>

<qau>R. Owen.</qau>



<hw>Cos`mo*pol"i*tan*ism</hw>

<pr>(k?z`m?-p?l"?-t<it>a</it>n-?z'm)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality of being cosmopolitan; cosmopolitism.</def>



<hw>Cos*mop"o*lite</hw> <pr>(-m?p"?-l?t)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos>

<def>See <er>Cosmopolitan</er>.</def>



<hw>Cos`mo*po*lit"ic*al</hw>

<pr>(k?z`m?-p?-l?t"?-k<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Having the character of a cosmopolite.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Hackluyt.</au>



<hw>Cos*mop"o*li*tism</hw> <pr>(k?z-m?p"?-l?-t?z'm)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <def>The condition or character of a cosmopolite;

disregard of national or local peculiarities and

prejudices.</def>



<hw>Cos`mo*ra"ma</hw> <pr>(k?z`m?-r?"m? <or/ -r?"m?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/ the world + <?/<?/<?/

a sight, spectacle, fr. <?/<?/<?/ to see.]</ety> <def>An

exhibition in which a series of views in various parts of the

world is seen reflected by mirrors through a series of lenses,

with such illumination, etc., as will make the views most closely

represent reality.</def>



<-- p. 329 -->



<hw>Cos`mo*ram"ic</hw> <pr>(k?z`m?-r?m"?k)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Of or pertaining to a cosmorama.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cos"mos</hw> <pr>(k?z"m?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <grk>ko`smos</grk> order, harmony, the world (from its

perfect order and arrangement); akin to Skr. <ets><?/ad</ets> to

distinguish one's self.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The universe or universality of created things;

-- so called from the order and harmony displayed in it.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The theory or description of the universe, as a

system displaying order and harmony.</def>



<au>Humboldt.</au>



<hw>Cos"mo*sphere</hw> <pr>(k?z"m?-sf?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/ the world + E. <ets>sphere</ets>.]</ety>

<def>An apparattus for showing the position of the earth, at any

given time, with respect to the fixed stars. It consist of a

hollow glass globe, on which are depicted the stars and

constellations, and within which is a terrestrial globe.</def>



<hw>Cos"mo*the`ism</hw> <pr>(k?z"m?-th?`?z'm)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/ the world + <?/<?/<?/ god.]</ety> <def>Same

as <er>Pantheism</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Cos`mo*thet"ic</hw> <pr>(k?z`m?-th?t"?k)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/ universe + <?/<?/<?/ to place or

arrange.]</ety> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>Assuming or positing

the actual existence or reality of the physical or external

world.</def>



<cs><col>Cosmothetic idealists</col> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld>,

<cd>those who assume, without attempting to prove, the reality of

external objects as corresponding to, and being the ground of,

the ideas of which only the mind has direct cognizance.</cd></cs>



<q>The <qex>cosmothetic idealists</qex> . . . deny that mind is

immediately conscious of matter.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>



<hw>Co*sov"er*eign</hw> <pr>(k?-s?v"?r-?n <or/ k?-s?v"-)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <def>A joint sovereign.</def>



<hw>Coss</hw> <pr>(k?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Pers.

<ets>k<?/s</ets> a road measure of about two miles; or Skr.

<ets>kr<?/<?/a</ets>.]</ety> <def>A Hindoo measure of distance,

varying from one and a half to two English miles.</def>



<au>Whitworth.</au>



<hw>Coss</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It. <ets>cosa</ets>.]</ety>

<def>A thing (only in phrase below).</def>



<cs><col>Rule of Coss</col>, <cd>an old name for

<xex>Algebra</xex>. <ety>[It. <xex>regola di cosa</xex> rule of

thing, the unknown quantity being called the <xex>cosa</xex>, or

the thing.]</ety></cd></cs>



<hw>Cos"sack</hw> <pr>(k?s"s?k)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Russ.

<ets>kozak'</ets>, <ets>kazak'</ets>: cf. Turk.

<ets>kaz<?/k</ets>.]</ety> <def>One of a warlike, pastoral

people, skillful as horsemen, inhabiting different parts of the

Russian empire and furnishing valuable contingents of irregular

cavalry to its armies, those of Little Russia and those of the

Don forming the principal divisions.</def>



<hw>Cos"sas</hw> <pr>(k?s"s?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Plain India muslin, of various qualities and

widths.</def>



<hw>Cos"set</hw> <pr>(k?s"s?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. AS. 

<ets>cotsetla</ets> cottager, G. <ets>kossat</ets>,

<ets>kothsasse</ets>, fr. <ets>kot</ets>, <ets>koth</ets> E.

(<ets>cot</ets>) hut, and cf. also E. <ets>cade</ets>,

<ets>a.</ets>, <ets>cot</ets> a cade lamb.]</ety> <def>A lamb

reared without the aid of the dam. Hence: A pet, in

general.</def>



<hw>Cos"set</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To treat as a pet; to

fondle.</def>



<q>She was <qex>cosseted</qex> and posseted and prayed over and

made much of.</q>

<qau>O. W. Holmes.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cos"sic</hw> <pr>(k?s"s?k)</pr>, <hw>Cos"sic*al</hw>

<pr>(-s?-k<it>a</it>l)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[It.

<ets>cossico</ets>. See 2d <er>Coss</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or

relating to algebra; <as>as, <ex>cossic</ex> numbers, or the

<ex>cossic</def></ex> art</as>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdArt of

numbers <xex>cossical</xex>.\'b8



<au>Digges (1579).</au>



<hw>Cost</hw> <pr>(k?st; 115)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>costa</ets> rib. See <er>Coast</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A rib; a side; a region or coast.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Piers Plowman.</au>



<q>Betwixt the <qex>costs</qex> of a ship.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>See <er>Cottise</er>.</def>



<hw>Cost</hw> <pr>(k?st; 115)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Cost</er>; <pos>p. pr. &

vb. n.</pos> <er>Costing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF.

<ets>coster</ets>, <ets>couster</ets>, F.  <ets>co<?/ter</ets>,

fr. L. <ets>constare</ets> to stand at, to cost; <ets>con-</ets>

+ <ets>stare</ets> to stand. See <er>Stand</er>, and cf.

<er>Constant</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To require to be

given, expended, or laid out therefor, as in barter, purchase,

acquisition, etc.; to cause the cost, expenditure,

relinquishment, or loss of; <as>as, the ticket <ex>cost</ex> a

dollar; the effort <ex>cost</ex> his life.</as></def>



<q>A d'amond gone, <qex>cost</qex> me two thousand ducats.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Though it <qex>cost</qex> me ten nights' watchings.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To require to be borne or suffered; to

cause.</def>



<q>To do him wanton rites, which<qex>cost</qex> them woe.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<cs><col>To cost dear</col>, <cd>to require or occasion a large

outlay of money, or much labor, self-denial, suffering,

etc.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cost</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>cost</ets>, F.

<ets>co<?/t</ets>. See <er>Cost</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos> ]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The amount paid, charged, or engaged to be paid,

for anything bought or taken in barter; charge; expense; hence,

whatever, as labor, self-denial, suffering, etc., is requisite to

secure benefitt.</def>



<q>One day shall crown the alliance on 't so please you,

Here at my house, and at my proper <qex>cost</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>At less <qex>cost</qex> of life than is often expended in a

skirmish, [Charles V.] saved Europe from invasion.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Loss of any kind; detriment; pain;

suffering.</def>



<q>I know thy trains,

Though dearly to my <qex>cost</qex>, thy gins and toils.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Expenses

incurred in litigation.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Costs</xex> in actions or suits are either

between attorney and client, being what are payable in every case

to the attorney or counsel by his client whether he ultimately

succeed or not, or between party and party, being those which the

law gives, or the court in its discretion decrees, to the

prevailing, against the losing, party.</note>



<cs><col>Bill of costs</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bill</er>.</cd>

-- <col>Cost free</col>, <cd>without outlay or expense. \'bdHer

duties being to talk French, and her privileges to live <xex>cost

free</xex> and to gather scraps of knowledge.\'b8</cd></cs>



<au>Thackeray.</au>



<hw>\'d8Cos"ta</hw> <pr>(k?s"t?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

rib. See <er>Coast</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>A rib of an animal or a human being.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A rib or vein of a leaf,

especially the midrib.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The anterior

rib in the wing of an insect.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the

riblike longitudinal ridges on the exterior of many corals.</def>



<hw>Cost"age</hw> <pr>(k?st"?j; 115)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[OF. <ets>coustage</ets>.]</ety> <def>Expense; cost.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Cos"tal</hw> <pr>(k?s"t<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>costal</ets>. See <er>Costa</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the ribs or the

sides of the body; <as>as, <ex>costal</ex> nerves</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Relating to a

costa, or rib.</def>



<cs><col>Costal cartilage</col>. <cd>See <er>Cartilage</er>, and

<xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Thorax</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cos"tal-nerved`</hw> <pr>(k?s"t<it>a</it>l-n?rvd`)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the nerves spring

from the midrib.</def>



<hw>Cos"tard</hw> <pr>(k?s"t?rd)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob.

fr. OF. <ets>coste</ets> rib, side, F. <ets>c\'93te</ets>, and

meaning orig., a ribbed apple, from the ribs or angles on its

sides. See <er>Coast</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An apple,

large and round like the head.</def>



<q>Some [apples] consist more of air than water . . . ; others

more of water than wind, as your <qex>costards</qex> and

pomewaters.</q>

<qau>Muffett.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The head; -- used contemptuously.</def>



<q>Try whether your <qex>costard</qex> or my bat be the

harder.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Cos"tard*mon`ger</hw> <pr>(-m?n`g?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>A costermonger.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cos"tate</hw> <pr>(k?s"t?t)</pr>, <hw>Cos"ta*ted</hw>

<pr>(-t?-t?d)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>costatus</ets>, fr. <ets>costa</ets> rib.]</ety> <def>Having

ribs, or the appearance of ribs; <fld>(Bot.)</fld> having one or

more longitudinal ribs.</def>



<hw>Cos"tean`</hw> <pr>(k?s"t?n`)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<ety>[Cornish <ets>cothas</ets> dropped + <ets>stean</ets>

tin.]</ety> <def>To search after lodes. See

<er>Costeaning</er>.</def>



<hw>Cos"tean`ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The process by which

miners seek to discover metallic lodes. It consist in sinking

small pits through the superficial deposits to the solid rock,

and then driving from one pit to another across the direction of

the vein, in such manner as to cross all the veins between the

two pits.</def>



<hw>Cos*tel"late</hw> <pr>(k?s-t?l"l?t)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L.  <ets>costa</ets> rib.]</ety> <def>Finely ribbed or

costated.</def>



<hw>Cos"ter</hw> <pr>(k?s"t?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[Abbrev.

of <ets>costermonger</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who hawks about

fruit, green vegetables, fish, etc.</def>



<hw>Cos"ter*mon`ger</hw> <pr>(k?s"t?r-m?n`g?r)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Costard</er>.]</ety> <def>An apple

seller; a hawker of, or dealer in, any kind of fruit or

vegetables; a fruiterer.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>costardmonger</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Cos*tif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(k?s-t?f"?r-?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Costa</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Rib-bearing, as the dorsal

vertebr\'91.</def>



<hw>Cos"tive</hw> <pr>(k?s"t?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>costev<?/</ets>, p. p. of <ets>costever</ets>, F. 

<ets>constiper</ets>, L. <ets>constipare</ets> to press closely

together, to cram; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>stipare</ets> to press

together, cram. See <er>Stipulate</er>, <er>Stiff</er>, and cf.

<er>Constipate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Retaining fecal

matter in the bowels; having too slow a motion of the bowels;

constipated.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Reserved; formal; close; cold.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdA <xex>costive</xex> brain.\'b8

<au>Prior</au>. \'bd<xex>Costive</xex> of laughter.\'b8 <au>B.

Jonson</au>.



<q>You must be frank, but without indiscretion; and close, but

without being <qex>costive</qex>.</q>

<qau>Lord Chesterfield.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Dry and hard; impermeable; unyielding.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Clay in dry seasons is <qex>costive</qex>, hardening with the

sun and wind.</q>

<qau>Mortimer.</qau>



<hw>Cos"tive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a costive

manner.</def>



<hw>Cos"tive*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An

unnatural retention of the fecal matter of the bowels;

constipation.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Inability to express one's self;

stiffness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A reverend disputant of the same <qex>costiveness</qex> in

public elocution with myself.</q>

<qau>Wakefield.</qau>



<hw>Cost"less</hw> <pr>(k?st"l?s; 115)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Costing nothing.</def>



<hw>Cost"lewe</hw> <pr>(-l?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Costly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Cost"li*ness</hw> <pr>(-l?-n?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality of being costy; expensiveness; sumptuousness.</def>



<hw>Cost"ly</hw> <pr>(k?st"l?; 115)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[From Cost expense.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Of great cost; expensive; dear.</def>



<q>He had fitted up his palace in the most <qex>costly</qex> and

sumptuous style, for the accomodation of the princess.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Gorgeous; sumptuous.</def>

<mark>[Poetic.]</mark>



<q>To show how <qex>costly</qex> summer was at hand.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Cost"ma*ry</hw> <pr>(k?st"m?-r?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>costum</ets> an Oriental aromatic plant (Gr. <?/<?/<?/, cf.

Ar. <ets>kost</ets>, <ets>kust</ets>) + <ets>Maria</ets> Mary.

Cf.<er>Alecost</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A garden plant

(<spn>Chrysanthemum Balsamita</spn>) having a strong balsamic

smell, and nearly allied to tansy. It is used as a pot herb and

salad plant and in flavoring ale and beer. Called also

<altname>alecost</altname>.</def>



<hw>Cos"to*tome</hw> <pr>(k?s"t?-t?m)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Costa</ets> + Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ to cut.]</ety> <def>An

instrument (chisel or shears) to cut the ribs and open the

thoracic cavity, in post-mortem examinations and

dissections.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Cos"trel</hw> <pr>(k?s"tr?l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[CF.W.

<ets>costrel</ets>, OF.  <ets>costrel</ets>, LL. 

<ets>costrellum</ets>, a liquid measure, <ets>costrellus</ets> a

wine cup.]</ety> <def>A bottle of leather, earthenware, or wood,

having ears by which it was suspended at the side.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>A youth, that, following with a <qex>costrel</qex>, bore

The means of goodly welcome, flesh and wine.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Cos"tume`</hw> <pr>(k?s"t?m` <or/ k?s-t?m")</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>costume</ets>, It. <ets>costume</ets>

custom, dress, fr. L. <ets>consuetumen</ets> (not found), for

<ets>consuetudo</ets> custom. See <er>Custom</er>, and cf.

<er>Consuetude</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Dress in general;

esp., the distinctive style of dress of a people, class, or

period.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Such an arrangement of accessories, as in a

picture, statue, poem, or play, as is appropriate to the time,

place, or other circumstances represented or described.</def>



<q>I began last night to read Walter Scott's Lay of the Last

Minstrel . . . .I was extremely delighted with the poetical

beauty of some parts . . . .The <qex>costume</qex>, too, is

admirable.</q>

<qau>Sir J. Mackintosh.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A character dress, used at fancy balls or for

dramatic purposes.</def>



<hw>Cos"tum`er</hw> <pr>(-t?m`?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

who makes or deals in costumes, as for theaters, fancy balls,

etc.</def>



<hw>Co-suf"fer*er</hw> <pr>(k?-s?f"f?r-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>One who suffers with another.</def>



<au>Wycherley.</au>



<hw>Co`su*preme"</hw> <pr>(k?`s?-pr?m")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>A partaker of supremacy; one jointly supreme.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Co*sure"ty</hw> <pr>(k?-sh?r"t?; 136)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl. <plw>Cosureties</plw> <pr>(-t<?/z)</pr>.</plu> <def>One

who is surety with another.</def>



<hw>Co"sy</hw> <pr>(k?"z?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See

<er>Cozy</er>.</def>



<hw>Cot</hw> <pr>(k?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>cot</ets>, <ets>cote</ets>, AS. <ets>cot</ets>,

<ets>cote</ets>, cottage; akin to D. & Icel. <ets>kot</ets>, G. 

<ets>koth</ets>, <ets>kot</ets>, <ets>kothe</ets>. Cf.

<er>Coat</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A small house; a cottage or hut.</def>



<q>The sheltered <qex>cot</qex>, the cultivated farm.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A pen, coop, or like shelter for small domestic

animals, as for sheep or pigeons; a cote.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A cover or sheath; <as>as, a roller <ex>cot</ex>

(the clothing of a drawing roller in a spinning frame); a

<ex>cot</ex> for a sore finger.</as></def>



<sn>4.</sn> <ety>[Cf. Ir. <ets>cot</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small,

rudely-formed boat.</def>



<cs><col>Bell cot</col>. <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <cd>See under

<er>Bell</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cot</hw> <pr>(k?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>cot</ets> cottage, bedchamber; or cf. OF. <ets>coite</ets>,

F. <ets>couette</ets> (E. <ets>quilt</ets>), LL.

<ets>cottum</ets>, <ets>cottus</ets>, mattress. See <er>Cot</er>

a cottage.]</ety> <def>A sleeping place of limited size; a little

bed; a cradle; a piece of canvas extended by a frame, used as a

bed.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>cott</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Co*tan"gent</hw> <pr>(k?-t?n"j<it>e</it>nt)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[For <ets>co</ets>. <ets>tangens</ets>, an

abbrev. of L. <ets>complementi tangens</ets>. See

<er>Tangent</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Trig.)</fld> <def>The tangent of

the complement of an arc or angle. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of

<er>Functions</er>.</def>



<hw>Co*tar"nine</hw> <pr>(k?-t?r"n?n <or/ -n?n)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>narcotine</ets>, by

transposition of letters.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white,

crystalline substance, <chform>C12H13NO3</chform>, obtained as a

product of the decomposition of narcotine. It has weak basic

properties, and is usually regarded as an alkaloid.</def>



<hw>Cote</hw> <pr>(k?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See 1st

<er>Cot</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A cottage or hut.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A shed, shelter, or inclosure for small domestic

animals, as for sheep or doves.</def>



<q>Watching where shepherds pen their flocks, at eve,

In hurdled <qex>cotes</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Cote</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Prob. from F.

<ets>c<?/t<?/</ets> sode, OF. <ets>costet</ets>, LL.

<ets>costatus</ets>, <ets>costatum</ets>, fr. L. <ets>costu</ets>

rib, side: cf. F. <ets>c<?/toyer</ets> to go or keep at the side

of. See <er>Coast</er>.]</ety> <def>To go side by side with;

hence, to pass by; to outrun and get before; <as>as, a dog

<ex>cotes</ex> a hare</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Drayton.</au>



<q>We <qex>coted</qex> them on the way, and hither are they

coming.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Cote</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Quote</er>.]</ety>

<def>To quote.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Udall.</au>



<hw>Co*tem`po*ra"ne*ous</hw> <pr>(k?-t?m`p?-r?"n?-?s)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Contemporaneous</er>.]</ety>

<def>Living or being at the same time; contemporaneous.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Co*tem`po*ra"ne*ous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Co*tem`po*ra"ne*ous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Co*tem"po*ra*ry</hw> <pr>(k?-t?m"p?-r?-r?)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <def>Living or being at the same time;

contemporary.</def>



<hw>Co*tem"po*ra*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Cotemporaries</plw> <pr>(-r<?/z)</pr>.</plu> <def>One who

lives at the same time with another; a contemporary.</def>



<hw>Co*ten"ant</hw> <pr>(k?-t?n"<it>a</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>A tenant in common, or a joint tenant.</def>



<hw>\'d8Co`te*rie"</hw> <pr>(k?`T<it>e</it>-r?"; 277)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., prob. from OF. <ets>coterie</ets> servile

tenure, fr. <ets>colier</ets> cotter; of German origin. See 1st

<er>Cot</er>.]</ety> <def>A set or circle of persons who meet

familiarly, as for social, literary, or other purposes; a

clique.</def> \'bdThe queen of your <xex>coterie</xex>.\'b8



<au>Thackeray.</au>



<hw>Co*ter"mi*nous</hw> <pr>(k?-t?r"m?-n?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Cf.  <er>Conterminous</er>.]</ety> <def>Bordering;

conterminous; -- followed by <xex>with</xex>.</def>



<hw>Cot"gare`</hw> <pr>(k?t"g?r`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Refuse

wool.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov.]</mark>



<hw>Co"thurn</hw> <pr>(k?"th?rn)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cothurnus</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/. Cf. 

<er>Cothurnus</er>.]</ety> <def>A buskin anciently used by tragic

actors on the stage; hence, tragedy in general.</def>



<q>The moment had arrived when it was thought that the mask and

the <qex>cothurn</qex> might be assumed with effect.</q>

<qau>Motley.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Co*thur"nate</hw> <pr>(k?-th?r"n?t)</pr>,

<hw>Co*thur"na*ted</hw> <pr>(-n?-t?d)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Wearing a cothurn.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Relating to tragedy; solemn; grave.</def>



<hw>\'d8Co*thur"nus</hw> <pr>(-n?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Cothurn</er>.</def>



<hw>Co*tic"u*lar</hw> <pr>(k?-t?k"?-l?r)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>coticula</ets> a small touchstone, dim.

<ets>cos</ets>, <ets>cotis</ets>, whetstone.]</ety>

<def>Pertaining to whetstones; like or suitable for

whetstones.</def>



<hw>Co*tid"al</hw> <pr>(k?-t?d"<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Marking an equality in the tides; having high tide at the

same time.</def>



<cs><col>Cotidal lines</col> <fld>(Phys. Geog.)</fld>, <cd>lines

on a map passing through places that have high tide at the same

time.</cd></cs>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Co`til`lon"</hw> <pr>(k?`t?`<er>y?n</er>" <or/

k?`t?l`-;277)</pr>, <hw>Co*til"lion</hw> <pr>(k?-t?l"y?n)</pr>,

}</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.  <ets>cotillon</ets>, fr. OF.

<ets>cote</ets> coat, LL. <ets>cotta</ets> tunic. See

<er>Coat</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A brisk dance, performed

by eight persons; a quadrille.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A tune which regulates the dance.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A kind of woolen material for women's

skrits.</def>



<hw>\'d8Co*tin"ga</hw> <pr>(k?-t?n"g?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Native South American name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A bird of the family <spn>Cotingid\'91</spn>, including

numerous bright-colored South American species; -- called also

<altname>chatterers</altname>.</def>



<hw>Cot"ise</hw> <pr>(k?t"?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>See <er>Cottise</er>.</def>



<hw>Cot"ised</hw> <pr>(-?st)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>See <er>Cottised</er>.</def>



<hw>Cot"land</hw> <pr>(k?t"l?nd)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Land

appendant to a cot or cottage, or held by a cottager or

cotter.</def>



<hw>Cot"quean`</hw> <pr>(k?t"kw?n`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cot</ets> a cottage + <ets>quean</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A man who busies himself with affairs which

properly belong to women.</def>



<au>Addison.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A she-cuckold; a cucquean; a henhussy.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>What, shall a husband be afraid of his wife's face?

We are a king, <qex>cotquean</qex>, and we will reign in our

pleasures.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<hw>Cot*quean"i*ty</hw> <pr>(k?t-kw?n"?-t?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>The condition, character, or conduct of a cotquean.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Co`trus*tee"</hw> <pr>(k?`tr?s-t?")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>A joint trustee.</def>



<hw>Cots"wold`</hw> <pr>(k?ts"w?ld`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cot</ets> a cottage or hut + <ets>wold</ets> an open

country.]</ety> <def>An open country abounding in sheepcotes, as

in the Cotswold hills, in Gloucestershire, England.</def>



<cs><col>Cotswold sheep</col>, <cd>a long-wooled breed of sheep,

formerly common in the counties of Gloucester, Hereford, and

Worcester, Eng.; -- so called from the <ets>Cotswold</ets> Hills.

The breed is now chiefly amalgamated with others.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cot"tage</hw> <pr>(k?t"t?j; 48)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[From <er>Cot</er> a cotttage.]</ety> <def>A small house; a

cot; a hut.</def>



<note><hand/ The term was formerly limited to a habitation for

the poor, but is now applied to any small tasteful dwelling; and

at places of summer resort, to any residence or lodging house of

rustic architecture, irrespective of size.</note>



<cs><col>Cottage allotment</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Alloment</er>.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Cottage

cheese</col>, <cd>the thick part of clabbered milk strained,

salted, and pressed into a ball.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cot"taged</hw> <pr>(-t?jd)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Set or

covered with cottages.</def>



<q>Even humble Harting's <qex>cottaged</qex> vale.</q>

<qau>Collins.</qau>



<hw>Cot"tage*ly</hw> <pr>(-t?j-l?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Cottagelike; suitable for a cottage; rustic.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>



<hw>Cot"ta*ger</hw> <pr>(k?t"t?-j?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>One who lives in a cottage.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who lives on the common,

without paying any rent, or having land of his own.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cot"ter</hw>, <hw>Cot"tar</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(k?t"t?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL. <ets>cotarius</ets>,

<ets>cottarius</ets>, <ets>coterius</ets>. See

<er>Cot</er>.]</ety> <def>A cottager; a cottier.</def>



<au>Burns.</au>



<q>Through Sandwich Notch the West Wind sang

Good morrow to the <qex>cotter</qex>.</q>

<qau>Whittier.</qau>



<-- p. 330 -->



<hw>Cot"ter</hw> <pr>(k?t"t?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A piece of wood or metal, commonly wedge-shaped, used for

fastening together parts of a machine or structure. It is driven

into an opening through one or all of the parts. <note>[See

<xex>Illust</xex>.]</note> In the United States a cotter is

commonly called a <xex>key</xex>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A toggle.</def>



<hw>Cot"ter</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To fasten with a

cotter.</def>



<hw>Cot"ti*er</hw> <pr>(-t?-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>cotier</ets>. See <er>Coterie</er>, and cf.

<er>Cotter</er>.]</ety> <def>In Great Britain and Ireland, a

person who hires a small cottage, with or without a plot of land.

Cottiers commonly aid in the work of the landlord's farm.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>cottar</asp> and

<asp>cotter</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Cot"tise</hw> <pr>(k?t"t?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>c<?/t<?/</ets> side, L. <ets>costa</ets> rib.]</ety>

<fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A diminutive of the bendlet, containing

one half its area or one quarter the area of the bend. When a

single cottise is used alone it is often called a

<xex>cost</xex>. See also <er>Couple-close</er>.</def>



<hw>Cot"tised</hw> <pr>(-t?st)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Set between two cottises, -- said of a

bend; or between two barrulets, -- said of a bar or fess.</def>



<hw>Cot"toid</hw> <pr>(k?t"toid)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[NL.

<ets>cottus</ets> sculpin + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like a fish of the genus

<spn>Cottus</spn>.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos>  <def>A fish

belonging to, or resembling, the genus <spn>Cottus</spn>. See

<er>Sculpin</er>.</def></def2>



<hw>Cot"te*lene`</hw> <pr>(k?t"t?-l?n`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>A product from cottonseed, used as lard.</def>



<hw>Cot"ton</hw> <pr>(k?t"t'n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>coton</ets>, Sp. <ets>algodon</ets> the cotton plant and its

wool, <ets>coton</ets> printed cotton, cloth, fr. Ar.

<ets>qutun</ets>, <ets>alqutun</ets>, cotton wool. Cf.

<er>Acton</er>, <er>Hacqueton</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

soft, downy substance, resembling fine wool, consisting of the

unicellular twisted hairs which grow on the seeds of the cotton

plant. Long-staple cotton has a fiber sometimes almost two inches

long; short-staple, from two thirds of an inch to an inch and a

half.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The cotton plant. See <cref>Cotten plant</cref>,

below.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Cloth made of cotton.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Cotton</xex> is used as an adjective before

many nouns in a sense which commonly needs no explanation; as,

<xex>cottton</xex> bagging; <xex>cotton</xex> clotch;

<xex>cotton</xex> goods; <xex>cotton</xex> industry;

<xex>cotton</xex> mill; <xex>cotton</xex> spinning;

<xex>cotton</xex> tick.</note>



<cs><col>Cotton cambric</col>. <cd>See <er>Cambric</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, 2.</cd> -- <col>Cotton flannel</col>, <cd>the

manufactures' name for a heavy cotton fabric, twilled, and with a

long plush nap. In England it is called <xex>swan's-down

cotton</xex>, or <xex>Canton flannel</xex>.</cd> -- <col>Cotton

gin</col>, <cd>a machine to separate the seeds from cotton,

invented by Eli Whitney.</cd> -- <col>Cotton grass</col>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a genus of plants (<spn>Eriphorum</spn>)

of the Sedge family, having delicate capillary bristles

surrounding the fruit (seedlike achenia), which elongate at

maturity and resemble tufts of cotton.</cd> -- <col>Cotton

mouse</col> <fld>(Zool.)</fld>, <cd>a field mouse

(<spn>Hesperomys gossypinus</spn>), injurious to cotton

crops.</cd> -- <col>Cotton plant</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a

plant of the genus <spn>Gossypium</spn>, of several species, all

growing in warm climates, and bearing the cotton of commerce. The

common species, originally Asiatic, is <spn>G.

herbaceum</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Cotton press</col>, <cd>a building

and machinery in which cotton bales are compressed into smaller

bulk for shipment; a press for baling cotton.</cd> -- <col>Cotton

rose</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a genus of composite herbs

(<spn>Filago</spn>), covered with a white substance resembling

cotton.</cd> -- <col>Cotton scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,

<cd>a species of bark louse (<spn>Pulvinaria

innumerabilis</spn>), which does great damage to the cotton

plant.</cd> -- <col>Cotton shrub</col>. <cd>Same as <xex>Cotton

plant</xex>.</cd> -- <col>Cotton stainer</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a species of hemipterous insect

(<spn>Dysdercus suturellus</spn>), which seriously damages

growing cotton by staining it; -- called also

<altname>redbug</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Cotton thistle</col>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch thistle. See under

<er>Thistle</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cotton velvet</col>, <cd>velvet in

which the warp and woof are both of cotton, and the pile is of

silk; also, velvet made wholly of cotton.</cd> -- <col>Cotton

waste</col>, <cd>the refuse of cotton mills.</cd> -- <col>Cotton

wool</col>, <cd>cotton in its raw or woolly state.</cd> --

<col>Cotton worm</col> <fld>(Zool.)</fld>, <cd>a lepidopterous

insect (<spn>Aletia argillacea</spn>), which in the larval state

does great damage to the cotton plant by eating the leaves. It

also feeds on corn, etc., and hence is often called <altname>corn

worm</altname>, and <altname>Southern army

worm</altname>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cot"ton</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To rise with

a regular nap, as cloth does.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>It <qex>cottons</qex> well; it can not choose but bear

A pretty nap.</q>

<qau>Family of Love.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To go on prosperously; to succeed.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>New, Hephestion, does not this matter <qex>cotton</qex> as I

would?</q>

<qau>Lyly.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To unite; to agree; to make friends; -- usually

followed by <xex>with</xex>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<q>A quarrel will end in one of you being turned off, in which

case it will not be easy to <qex>cotton</qex> with another.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<q>Didst see, Frank, how the old goldsmith <qex>cottoned</qex> in

with his beggarly companion?</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To take a liking to; to stick to one as cotton;

-- used with <xex>to</xex>.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>



<hw>Cot"ton*ade`</hw> <pr>(k?t"t'n-?d`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F. <ets>cottonade</ets>.]</ety> <def>A somewhat stoun and

thick fabric of cotton.</def>



<hw>Cot"ton*a*ry</hw> <pr>(-?-r?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Relating to, or composed of, cotton; cottony.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q><qex>Cottomary</qex> and woolly pillows.</q>

<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>



<hw>Cot"ton*ous</hw> <pr>(-?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Resembling cotton.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Evelyn.</au>



<hw>Cot"ton*tail`</hw> <pr>(k?t"t'n-t?l`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The American wood rabbit (<spn>Lepus

sylvaticus</spn>); -- also called <altname>Molly

cottontail</altname>.</def>



<hw>Cot"ton*weed`</hw> <pr>(-w?d`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Cudweed</er>.</def>



<hw>Cot"ton*wood`</hw> <pr>(-w??d`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An American tree of the genus

<spn>Populus</spn> or polar, having the seeds covered with

abundant cottonlike hairs; esp., the <spn>P. monilifera</spn> and

<spn>P. angustifolia</spn> of the Western United States.</def>



<hw>Cot"ton*y</hw> <pr>(-?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Covered with hairs or pubescence, like cotton; downy; nappy;

woolly.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to cotton; resembling cotton in

appearance or character; soft, like cotton.</def>



<hw>Cot"trel</hw> <pr>(k?t"tr?l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

trammel, or hook to support a pot over a fire.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cot"y*la</hw> <pr>(k?t"?-l?)</pr>, <hw>Cot"y*le</hw>

<pr>(k?t"?-l?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/

anything hollow, cup of a joint, small meassure: cf. L. 

<ets>cotyla</ets> a measure.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A

cuplike cavity or organ. Same as <er>Acetabulum</er>.</def>



<hw>Cot`y*le"don</hw> <pr>(k?t`?-l?"d?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr.<?/<?/<?/ a cupshaped hollow, fr. <?/<?/<?/. See

<er>Cotyle</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One

of the patches of villi found in some forms of placenta.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A leaf borne by the caulicle

or radicle of an embryo; a seed leaf.</def>



<note><hand/ Many plants, as the bean and the maple, have two

cotyledons, the grasses only one, and pines have several. In one

African plant (<spn>Welwitschia</spn>) the cotyledons are

permanent and grow to immense proportions.</note>



<hw>Cot`y*led"on*al</hw> <pr>(k?t`?-l?d"?n-a]/>l)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a

cotyledon.</def>



<hw>Cot`y*led"on*a*ry</hw> <pr>(-?-r?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Having a cotyledon; tufted; <as>as, the

<ex>cotyledonary</ex> placenta of the cow</as>.</def>



<hw>Cot`y*led"on*ous</hw> <pr>(-?s; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Of or pertaining to a cotyledon or cotyledons; having a seed

lobe.</def>



<hw>Co*tyl"i*form</hw> <pr>(k?-t?l"?-f?rm)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cotyle</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Shaped like a cotyle or a cup.</def>



<hw>Cot`y*lig"er*ous</hw> <pr>(k?t`?-l?j"?r-?s)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Cotyle</ets> +

<ets>-gerous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having

cotyles.</def>



<hw>Cot"y*loid</hw> <pr>(k?t"?-loid)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cotyle</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Shaped like a cup; <as>as,

the <ex>cotyloid</ex> cavity, which receives the head of the

thigh bone</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Pertaining to a cotyloid

cavity; <as>as, the <ex>cotyloid</ex> ligament, or

notch</as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cou"cal</hw> <pr>(k??"k?l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Prob. native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

large, Old World, ground cuckoo of the genus

<spn>Centropus</spn>, of several species.</def>



<hw>Couch</hw> <pr>(kouch)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Couched</er>

<pr>(koucht)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Couching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>coucher</ets> to

lay down, lie down, OF. <ets>colchier</ets>, fr. L. 

<ets>collocare</ets> to lay, put, place; <ets>col-</ets> +

<ets>locare</ets> to place, fr. <ets>locus</ets> place. See

<er>Locus</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To lay upon a bed or other resting place.</def>



<q>Where unbruised youth, with unstuffed brain,

Does <qex>couch</qex> his limbs, there golden sleep doth

reign.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To arrauge or dispose as in a bed; -- sometimes

followed by the reflexive pronoun.</def>



<q>The waters <qex>couch</qex> themselves as may be to the center

of this globe, in a spherical convexity.</q>

<qau>T. Burnet.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To lay or deposit in a bed or layer; to

bed.</def>



<q>It is at this day in use at Gaza, to <qex>couch</qex>

potsherds, or vessels of earth, in their walls.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Paper Making)</fld> <def>To transfer (as sheets

of partly dried pulp) from the wire clotch mold to a felt

blanket, for further drying.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To conceal; to include or involve darkly.</def>



<q>There is all this, and more, that lies naturally

<qex>couched</qex> under this allegory.</q>

<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To arrange; to place; to inlay.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>To put into some form of language; to express;

to phrase; -- used with <xex>in</xex> and <xex>under</xex>.</def>



<q>A well-<qex>couched</qex> invective.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>I had received a letter from Flora <qex>couched</qex> in

rather cool terms.</q>

<qau>Blackw. Mag.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To treat by pushing down or

displacing the opaque lens with a needle; <as>as, to

<ex>couch</ex> a cataract</as>.</def>



<cs><col>To couch a spear <or/ lance</col>, to lower to the

position of attack; to place in rest.</cd></cs>



<q>He stooped his head, and <qex>couched his spear</qex>,

And spurred his steed to full career.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<cs><col>To couch malt</col>, <cd>to spread malt on a

floor.</cd></cs>



<au>Mortimer.</au>



<hw>Couch</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To lie down or

recline, as on a bed or other place of rest; to repose; to

lie.</def>



<q>Where souls do <qex>couch</qex> on flowers, we 'll hand in

hand.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>If I court moe women, you 'll <qex>couch</qex> with moe

men.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To lie down for concealment; to hide; to be

concealed; to be included or involved darkly.</def>



<q>We 'll <qex>couch</qex> in the castle ditch, till we see the

light of our fairies.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>The half-hidden, hallf-revealed wonders, that yet

<qex>couch</qex> beneath the words of the Scripture.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To bend the body, as in reverence, pain, labor,

etc.; to stoop; to crouch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>An aged squire

That seemed to <qex>couch</qex> under his shield

three-square.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Couch</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.  <ets>couche</ets>, OF.

<ets>colche</ets>, <ets>culche</ets>, fr. <ets>colchier</ets>.

See <er>Couch</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos> ]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

bed or place for repose or sleep; particularly, in the United

States, a lounge.</def>



<q>Gentle sleep . . . why liest thou with the vile

In loathsome beds, and leavest the kingly <qex>couch</qex>?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Like one that wraps the drapery of his <qex>couch</qex>

About him, and lies down to pleasant dreams.</q>

<qau>Bryant.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any place for repose, as the lair of a beast,

etc.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A mass of steeped barley spread upon a floor to

germinate, in malting; or the floor occupied by the barley;

<as>as, <ex>couch</ex> of malt</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Painting & Gilding)</fld> <def>A preliminary

layer, as of color, size, etc.</def>



<hw>Couch"an*cy</hw> <pr>(kouch"<it>a</it>n-s?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <def>State of lying down for repose.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Couch"ant</hw> <pr>(kouch"<it>a</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[F., p. pr. of <ets>coucher</ets>. See <er>Couch</er>,

<pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Lying down with head

erect; squatting.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Lying down with the head

raised, which distinguishes the posture of <xex>couchant</xex>

from that of <xex>dormant</xex>, or sleeping; -- said of a lion

or other beast.</def>



<cs><col>Couchant and levant</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>rising

up and lying down; -- said of beasts, and indicating that they

have been long enough on land, not belonging to their owner, to

lie down and rise up to feed, -- such time being held to include

a day and night at the least.</cd></cs>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<hw>\'d8Cou`ch\'82"</hw> <pr>(k??`sh?")</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[F., p. p.  of <ets>coucher</ets>. See <er>Couch</er>,

<pos>v. t.</pos> ]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Not

erect; inclined; -- said of anything that is usually erect, as an

escutcheon.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Lying on its side; thus, a

chevron <xex>couch\'82</xex> is one which emerges from one side

of the escutcheon and has its apex on the opposite side, or at

the fess point.</def>



<hw>Couched</hw> <pr>(koucht)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Couch<?/</er>.</def>



<hw>Cou"chee</hw> <pr>(k??"sh?; F. k??"sh?")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F. <ets>couch<?/e</ets> a sleeping place from

<ets>coucher</ets>. See <er>Couch</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos> ]</ety>

<def>A reception held at the time of going to bed, as by a

sovereign or great prince.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Dryden.</au>

<q>The duke's levees and <qex>couchees</qex> were so crowded that

the antechambers were full.</q>

<qau>Bp. Burnet.</qau>



<hw>Couch"er</hw> <pr>(kouch"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who couches.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Paper Manuf.)</fld> <def>One who couches

paper.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>collectarius</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(O.

Eng. Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A factor or agent resident in a

country for traffic.</def> <au>Blount</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> The book

in which a corporation or other body registers its particular

acts.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Cowell</au>.



<hw>Couch" grass`</hw> <pr>(gr?s`)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>See <er>Quitch grass</er>.</def>



<hw>Couch"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>The operation of putting down or displacing the opaque lens

in cataract.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Embroidering by laying the materials upon the

surface of the foundation, instead of drawing them through.</def>



<hw>Couch"less</hw> <pr>(kouch"l?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Having no couch or bed.</def>



<hw>Cou"dee</hw> <pr>(k??"d?; F. k??`d?")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F. <ets>coud<?/e</ets>, from <ets>coude</ets> elbow.]</ety>

<def>A measure of length; the distance from the elbow to the end

of the middle finger; a cubit.</def>



<hw>Cou"gar</hw> <pr>(k??"g?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. 

<ets>couguar</ets>, from the native name in the South American

dialects, <ets>cuguacuara</ets>, <ets>cuguacuarana</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An American feline quadruped

(<spn>Felis concolor</spn>), resembling the African panther in

size and habits. Its color is tawny, without spots; hence writers

often called it the <altname>American lion</altname>. Called also

<altname>puma</altname>, <altname>panther</altname>,

<altname>mountain lion</altname>, and

<altname>catamount</altname>. See <er>Puma</er>.</def>



<hw>Cough</hw> <pr>(k?f)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Coughed</er>

<pr>(k?ft)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Coughing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>kuchen</ets>,

MHG. <ets>k<?/chen</ets> to breathe, G. <ets>keuchen</ets> to

pant, and E.  <ets>chincough</ets>, the first part of which is

prob. akin to <ets>cough</ets>; cf. also E.

<ets>choke</ets>.]</ety> <def>To expel air, or obstructing or

irritating matter, from the lungs or air passages, in a noisy and

violent manner.</def>



<hw>Cough</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To expel from

the lungs or air passages by coughing; -- followed by

<xex>up</xex>; <as>as, to <ex>cough</ex> up phlegm</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To bring to a specified state by coughing;

<as>as, he <ex>coughed</ex> himself hoarse</as>.</def>



<cs><col>To cough down</col>, <cd>to silence or put down (an

objectionable speaker) by simulated coughing.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cough</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cg. D.  <ets>kuch</ets>. See

<er>Cough</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos> ]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

sudden, noisy, and violent expulsion of air from the chest,

caused by irritation in the air passages, or by the reflex action

of nervous or gastric disorder, etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The more or less frequent repetition of

coughing, constituting a symptom of disease.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Stomach cough</col>, <col>Ear cough</col></mcol>,

<cd>cough due to irritation in the stomach or ear.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cough"er</hw> <pr>(k?f"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

coughs.</def>



<hw>Cou"hage</hw> <pr>(kou"?j)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Cowhage</er>.</def>



<hw>Could</hw> <pr>(k??d)</pr>, <pos>imp.</pos> <mord>of

<er>Can</er></mord>. <ety>[OF. <ets>coude</ets>. The <ets>l</ets>

was inserted by mistake, under the influence of <ets>should</ets>

and <ets>would</ets>.]</ety> <def>Was, should be, or would be,

able, capable, or susceptible. Used as an auxiliary, in the past

tense or in the conditional present.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cou`lee"</hw> <pr>(k??`l?")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>coul\'82e</ets>, fr. <ets>couler</ets> to run or

flow.]</ety> <def>A stream</def>; <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>a

stream of lava. Also, in the Western United States, the bed of a

stream, even if dry, when deep and having inclined sides;

distinguished from a <xex>ca\'a4on</xex>, which has precipitous

sides.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cou*lisse"</hw> <pr>(k??-l?s"; F. k??`l?s")</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>couler</ets> to flow,

glide.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A piece of timber having a groove

in which something glides.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One of the side scenes of the stage in a

theater, or the space included between the side scenes.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cou`loir"</hw> <pr>(k??`lw?r")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F., a strainer.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A deep gorge; a

gully.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Hydraul. Engin.)</fld> <def>A dredging machine

for excavating canals, etc.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cou`lomb"</hw> <pr>(k??`<er>l?n</er>")</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From <ets>Coulomb</ets>, a French physicist

and electrican.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The standard

unit of quantity in electrical measurements. It is the quantity

of electricity conveyed in one second by the current produced by

an electro-motive force of one volt acting in a circuit having a

resistance of one ohm, or the quantitty transferred by one

amp\'8are in one second. Formerly called <xex>weber</xex>.</def>



<hw>Coul"ter</hw> <pr>(k?l"t?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Colter</er>.</def>



<hw>Coul"ter*neb`</hw> <pr>(-n?b`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The puffin.</def>



<hw>Cou*mar"ic</hw> <pr>(k??-m?r"?k)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Relating to, derived from, or like, the <spn>Dipterix

odorata</spn>, a tree of Guiana.</def>



<cs><col>Coumaric acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>one of a

series of aromatic acids, related to cinnamic acid, the most

important of which is a white crystalline substance,

<chform>HO.C6H4.C2H2.CO2H</chform>, obtained from the tonka bean,

sweet clover, etc., and also produced artifically.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cou"ma*rin</hw> <pr>(k??"m?-r?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F., fr. <ets>coumarou</ets>, a tree of Guiana.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The concrete essence of the tonka bean,

the fruit of <spn>Dipterix (formerly <spn>Coumarouna</spn>)

odorata</spn> and consisting essentially of coumarin proper,

which is a white crystalline substance, <chform>C9H6O2</chform>,

of vanilla-like odor, regarded as an anhydride of coumaric acid,

and used in flavoring. Coumarin in also made artificially.</def>



<-- p. 331 -->



<hw>Coun"cil</hw> <pr>(koun"s?l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>concile</ets>, fr. L. <ets>concilium</ets>; <ets>con-</ets>

+ <ets>calare</ets> to call, akin to Gr. <?/<?/<?/ to call, and

E. <ets>hale</ets>, v., <ets>haul</ets>. Cf. <er>Conciliate</er>.

This word is often confounded with <ets>counsel</ets>, with which

it has no connection.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>An assembly of men summoned or convened for

consultation, deliberation, or advice; <as>as, a <ex>council</ex>

of physicians for consultation in a critical case</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A body of man elected or appointed to constitute

an advisory or a legislative assembly; <as>as, a governor's

<ex>council</ex>; a city <ex>council</ex>.</as></def>



<q>An old lord of the <qex>council</qex> rated me the other

day.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Act of deliberating; deliberation;

consultation.</def>



<q>Satan . . . void of rest,

His potentates to <qex>council</qex> called by night.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>O great in action and in <qex>council</qex> wise.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<cs><col>Aulic council</col>. <cd>See under <er>Aulic</er>.</cd>

-- <col>Cabinet council</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Cabinet</er>.</cd> -- <col>City council</col>, <cd>the

legislative branch of a city government, usually consisting of a

board of aldermen and common council, but sometimes otherwise

constituted.</cd> -- <col>Common council</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Common</er>.</cd></cd> -- <mcol><col>Council board</col>,

<col>Council table</col></mcol>, <cd>the table round which a

council holds consultation; also, the council itself in

deliberation.</cd> -- <col>Council chamber</col>, <cd>the room or

apartment in which a council meets.</cd> -- <col>Council

fire</col>, <cd>the ceremonial fire kept burning while the

Indians hold their councils.</cd> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<au>Barilett</au>. -- <col>Council of war</col>, <cd>an assembly

of officers of high rank, called to consult with the commander in

chief in regard to measures or importance or nesessity.</cd> --

<col>Ecumenical council</col> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld>, <cd>an assembly

of prelates or divines convened from the whole body of the church

to regulate matters of doctrine or discipline.</cd> --

<col>Executive council</col>, <cd>a body of men elected as

advisers of the chief magistrate, whether of a State or the

nation.</cd> <mark>[U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Legislative

council</col>, <cd>the upper house of a legislature, usually

called the <xex>senate</xex>.</cd> -- <col>Privy council</col>.

<cd>See under <er>Privy</er>. <mark>[Eng.]</mark></cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Assembly; meeting; congress; diet; parliament;

convention; convocation; synod.</syn>



<hw>Coun"cil*ist</hw> <pr>(koun"s?l-?st)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>One who belong to a council; one who gives an opinion.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>I will in three months be an expert <qex>counsilist</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Coun"cil*man</hw> <pr>(koun`s?l-m<it>a</it>n)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Councilmen</plw>

<pr>(-m<xex>e</xex>n)</pr></plu>. <def>A member of a council,

especially of the common council of a city; a councilor.</def>



<hw>Coun"cil*or</hw> <pr>(koun"s?l-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

member of a council.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>councillor</asp>.]</altsp>



<note><hand/ The distinction between <xex>councilor</xex>, a

member of a council, and <xex>counselor</xex>, one who gives

councel, was not formerly made, but is now very generally

recognized and observed.</note>



<hw>Co`-une"</hw> <pr>(k?`?n")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>co-</ets> + <ets>unus</ets> one.]</ety> <def>To combine or

unite.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Co-uned</xex>

together.\'b8



<au>Feltham.</au>



<hw>Co`-u*nite"</hw> <pr>(k?`?-n?t")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<def>To unite.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Co`-u*nite"</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>United closely with

another.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Coun"sel</hw> <pr>(koun"s?l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>conc<?/l</ets>, F.  <ets>conseil</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>consilium</ets>, fr. the root of <ets>consulere</ets> to

consult, of uncertain origin. Cf. <er>Consult</er>,

<er>Consul</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Interchange of opinions;

mutual advising; consultation.</def>



<q>All the chief priest and elders of the people took

<qex>counsel</qex> against Jesus, to put him to death.</q>

<qau>Matt. xxvii. 1.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Examination of consequences; exercise of

deliberate judgment; prudence.</def>



<q>They all confess, therefore, in the working of that first

cause, that <qex>counsel</qex> is used.</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Result of consultation; advice;

instruction.</def>



<q>I like thy <qex>counsel</qex>; well hast thou advised.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>It was ill <qex>counsel</qex> had misled the girl.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Deliberate purpose; design; intent; scheme;

plan.</def>



<q>The <qex>counsel</qex> of the Lord standeth forever.</q>

<qau>Ps. xxxiii. 11.</qau>



<q>The <qex>counsels</qex> of the wicked are deceit.</q>

<qau>Prov. xii. 5.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A secret opinion or purpose; a private

matter.</def>



<q>Thilke lord . . . to whom no <qex>counsel</qex> may be

hid.</q>

<qau>Gower.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>One who gives advice, especially in legal

matters; one professionally engaged in the trial or management of

a cause in court; also, collectively, the legal advocates united

in the management of a case; <as>as, the defendant has able

<ex>counsel</ex></as>.</def>



<q>The King found his <qex>counsel</qex> as refractory as his

judges.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<note><hand/ The some courts a distinction is observed between

the attorney and the counsel in a cause, the former being

employed in the management iof the more mechanical parts of the

suit, the latter in attending to the pleadings, managing the

cause at the trial, and in applying the law to the exigencies of

the case during the whole progress of the suit. In other courts

the same person can exercise the powers of each. See

<er>Attorney</er>.</note>



<au>Kent.</au>



<cs><col>In counsel</col>, <cd>in secret. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer</au>.</cd> -- <col>To keep counsel</col>, <or/

<col>To keep one's own counsel</col>, <cd>to keep one's thoughts,

purposes, etc., undisclosed.</cd></cs>



<q>The players can not <qex>keep counsel</qex>: they 'll tell

all.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Advice; consideration; consultation; purpose;

scheme; opinion.</syn>



<hw>Coun"sel</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Counseled</er> <pr>(-s?ld)</pr> <or/

<er>Counselled</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Counseling</er> <or/ <er>Counselling</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OE. <ets>conseilen</ets>, <ets>counseilen</ets>, F. 

<ets>conseiller</ets>, fr. L. <ets>consiliari</ets>, fr.

<ets>consilium</ets> counsel.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To give

advice to; to advice, admonish, or instruct, as a person.</def>



<q>Good sir, I do in friendship <qex>counsel</qex> you

To leave this place.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To advise or recommend, as an act or

course.</def>



<q>They who <qex>counsel</qex> war.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>Thus Belial, with words clothed in reson's garb,

<qex>Counseled</qex> ignoble ease and peaceful sloth.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Coun"sel*a*ble</hw> <pr>(-?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Written also <ets>counsellable</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Willing to receive counsel or follow advice.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Few men of so great parts were upon all occasions more

<qex>counselable</qex> than he.</q>

<qau>Clarendon.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Suitable to be advised; advisable, wise.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>He did not believe it <qex>counselable</qex>.</q>

<qau>Clarendon.</qau>



<hw>Coun"sel*or</hw> <pr>(koun"s?l-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>counsellor</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[OE.

<ets>conseiler</ets>, F.  <ets>conseiller</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>consiliarius</ets>, fr. consilium counsel.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>One who counsels; an adviser.</def>



<q>Can he that speaks with the tongue of an enemy be a good

<qex>counselor</qex>, or no?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A member of council; one appointed to advise a

sovereign or chief magistrate. <note>[See under

<er>Consilor</er>.]</note></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>One whose profession is to give advice in law,

and manage causes for clients in court; a barrister.</def>



<q>Good <qex>counselors</qex> lack no clients.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Coun"sel*or*ship</hw> <pr>(koun"s?l-?r-sh?p)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <def>The function and rank or office of a

counselor.</def>



<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<hw>Count</hw> <pr>(kount)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Counted</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Counting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF.

<ets>conter</ets>, and later (etymological spelling)

<ets>compter</ets>, in modern French thus distinguished;

<ets>conter</ets> to relate (cf. <er>Recount</er>,

<er>Account</er>), <ets>compter</ets> to count; fr. L.

<ets>computuare</ets> to reckon, compute; <ets>com-</ets> +

<ets>putare</ets> to reckon, settle, order, prune, orig., to

clean. See <er>Pure</er>, and cf. <er>Compute</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To tell or name one by one, or by groups, for

the purpose of ascertaining the whole number of units in a

collection; to number; to enumerate; to compute; to reckon.</def>



<q>Who can <qex>count</qex> the dust of Jacob?</q>

<qau>Num. xxiii. 10.</qau>



<q>In a journey of forty miles, Avaux <qex>counted</qex> only

three miserable cabins.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To place to an account; to ascribe or impute; to

consider or esteem as belonging.</def>



<q>Abracham believed God, and it was <qex>counted</qex> unto him

for righteousness.</q>

<qau>Rom. iv. 3.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To esteem; to account; to reckon; to think,

judge, or consider.</def>



<q>I <qex>count</qex> myself in nothing else so happy

As in a soul remembering my good friends.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>To count out</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To exclude (one)

will not particapate or cannot be depended upon.</cd>

<sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(House of Commons)</fld> <cd>To declare

adjourned, as a sitting of the House, when it is ascertained that

a quorum is not present.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To prevent the

accession of (a person) to office, by a fraudulent return or

count of the votes cast; -- said of a candidate really elected.

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- To calculate; number; reckon; compute; enumerate.

See <er>Calculate</er>.</syn>



<hw>Count</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To number or be

counted; to possess value or carry weight; hence, to increase or

add to the strength or influence of some party or interest;

<as>as, every vote <ex>counts</ex>; accidents <ex>count</ex> for

nothing.</as></def>



<q>This excellent man . . . <qex>counted</qex> among the best and

wisest of English statesmen.</q>

<qau>J. A. Symonds.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To reckon; to rely; to depend; -- with

<xex>on</xex> or <xex>upon</xex>.</def>



<q>He was brewer to the palace; and it was apprehended that the

government <qex>counted</qex> on his voice.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<q>I think it a great error to <qex>count</qex> upon the genius

of a nation as a standing argument in all ages.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To take account or note; -- with</def>

<xex>of</xex>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdNo man <xex>counts</xex>

of her beauty.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>To plead orally; to argue

a matter in court; to recite a count.</def>



<au>Burrill.</au>



<hw>Count</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>conte</ets> and

<ets>compte</ets>, with different meanings, fr. L.

<ets>computus</ets> a computation, fr. <ets>computare</ets>. See

<er>Count</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act

of numbering; reckoning; also, the number ascertained by

counting.</def>



<q>Of blessed saints for to increase the <qex>count</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<q>By this <qex>count</qex>, I shall be much in years.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An object of interest or account; value;

estimation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdAll his care and

<xex>count</xex>.\'b8



<au>Spenser.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A formal statement of the

plaintiff's case in court; in a more technical and correct sense,

a particular allegation or charge in a declaration or indictment,

separately setting forth the cause of action or

prosecution.</def>



<au>Wharton.</au>



<note><hand/ In the old law books, <xex>count</xex> was used

synonymously with <xex>declaration</xex>. When the plaintiff has

but a single cause of action, and makes but one statement of it,

that statement is called indifferently <xex>count</xex> or

<xex>declaration</xex>, most generally, however, the latter. But

where the suit embraces several causes, or the plaintiff makes

several different statements of the same cause of action, each

statement is called a <xex>count</xex>, and all of them combined,

a <xex>declaration</xex>.</note>



<au>Bouvier. Wharton.</au>



<hw>Count</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>conte</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>comes</ets>, <ets>comitis</ets>, associate, companion, one

of the imperial court or train, properly, one who goes with

another; <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>ire</ets> to go, akin to Skr.

<ets>i</ets> to go.]</ety> <def>A nobleman on the continent of

Europe, equal in rank to an English earl.</def>



<note><hand/ Though the tittle <xex>Count</xex> has never been

introduced into Britain, the wives of Earls have, from the

earliest period of its history, been designated as

<xex>Countesses</xex>.</note>



<au>Brande & C.</au>



<cs><col>Count palatine</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Formerly, the

proprietor of a county who possessed royal prerogatives within

his county, as did the Earl of Chester, the Bishop of Durham, and

the Duke of Lancaster.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> See <cref>County

palatine</cref>, under <er>County</er>. <sd>(b)</sd>

<cd>Originally, a high judicial officer of the German emperors;

afterward, the holder of a fief, to whom was granted the right to

exercise certain imperial powers within his own domains.

<mark>[Germany]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Count"a*ble</hw> <pr>(-?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Capable of being numbered.</def>



<hw>Count"te*nance</hw> <pr>(koun"t?-n<it>a</it>ns)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>contenance</ets>,

<ets>countenaunce</ets>, demeanor, composure, F.

<ets>contenance</ets> demeanor, fr. L. <ets>continentia</ets>

continence, LL. also, demeanor, fr. L. <ets>continere</ets> to

hold together, repress, contain. See <er>Contain</er>, and cf.

<er>Continence</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Appearance or

expression of the face; look; aspect; mien.</def>



<q>So spake the Son, and into terror changed

His <qex>countenance</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The face; the features.</def>



<q>In <qex>countenance</qex> somewhat doth resemble you.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Approving or encouraging aspect of face; hence,

favor, good will, support; aid; encouragement.</def>



<q>Thou hast made him . . . glad with thy

<qex>countenance</qex>.</q>

<qau>Ps. xxi. 6.</qau>



<q>This is the magistrate's peculiar province, to give

<qex>countenance</qex> to piety and virtue, and to rebuke

vice.</q>

<qau>Atterbury.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Superficial appearance; show; pretense.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The election being done, he made <qex>countenance</qex> of

great discontent thereat.</q>

<qau>Ascham.</qau>



<cs><col>In countenance</col>, <cd>in an assured condition or

aspect; free from shame or dismay. \'bdIt puts the learned

<xex>in countenance</xex>, and gives them a place among the

fashionable part of mankind.\'b8 <au>Addison</au>.</cd> --

<col>Out of countenance</col>, <cd>not bold or assured;

confounded; abashed. \'bdTheir best friends were <xex>out of

countenance</xex>, because they found that the imputations . . .

were well grounded.\'b8 <au>Clarendon</au>.</cd> -- <col>To keep

the countenance</col>, <cd>to preserve a composed or natural

look, undisturbed by passion or emotion.

<au>Swift</au>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Coun"te*nance</hw> <pr>(koun"t?-n<it>a</it>ns)</pr>, <pos>v.

t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos>

<er>Countenanced</er> <pr>(-n<it>a</it>nst)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &

vb. n.</pos> <er>Countenancing</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To encourage; to favor; to approve; to aid; to abet.</def>



<q>This conceit, though <qex>countenanced</qex> by learned men,

is not made out either by experience or reason.</q>

<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>



<q>Error supports custom, custom <qex>countenances</qex>

error.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make a show of; to pretend.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Which to these ladies love did <qex>countenance</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Coun"te*nan*cer</hw> <pr>(-n<it>a</it>n-s?r)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <def>One who countenances, favors, or

supports.</def>



<hw>Coun"ter</hw> <pr>(koun"t?r-)</pr>. <note>[See

<er>Counter</er>, <pos>adv.</pos> ]</note> <def>A prefix meaning

<xex>contrary</xex>, <xex>opposite</xex>, <xex>in

opposition</xex>; <as>as, <ex>counter</ex>act,

<ex>counter</ex>balance, <ex>counter</ex>check</as>. See

<er>Counter</er>, <pos>adv. & a.</pos></def>



<hw>Count"er</hw> <pr>(koun"t?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>countere</ets>, <ets>countour</ets>, a counter (in sense 1),

OF.  <ets>contere</ets>, <ets>conteor</ets>, fr.

<ets>conter</ets> to count. See <er>Count</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who counts, or reckons up; a

calculator; a reckoner.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A piece of metal, ivory, wood, or bone, used in

reckoning, in keeping account of games, etc.</def>



<q>The old gods of our own race whose names . . . serve as

<qex>counters</qex> reckon the days of the week.</q>

<qau>E. B. Tylor.</qau>



<q>What comes the wool to? . . . I can not do it witthout

<qex>counters</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Money; coin; -- used in contempt.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>To lock such rascal <qex>counters</qex> from his friends.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A prison; either of two prisons formerly in

London.</def>



<q>Anne Aysavugh . . . imprisoned in the <qex>Counter</qex>.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A telltale; a contrivance attached to an engine,

printing press, or other machine, for the purpose of counting the

revolutions or the pulsations.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Coun"ter</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>countour</ets>,

OF. <ets>contouer</ets>, <ets>comptouer</ets>, F.

<ets>comptoir</ets>, LL. <ets>computatorium</ets>, prop., a

computing place, place of accounts, fr. L. <ets>computare</ets>.

See <er>Count</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>A table or board

on which money is counted and over which business is transacted;

a long, narrow table or bench, on which goods are laid for

examination by purchasers, or on which they are weighed or

measured.</def>



<hw>Coun"ter</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>contre</ets>,

fr. L. <ets>contra</ets> against. Cf. <er>Contra-</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Contrary; in opposition; in an opposite

direction; contrariwise; -- used chiefly with <xex>run</xex> or

<xex>go</xex>.</def>



<q>Running <qex>counter</qex> to all the rules of virtue.</q>

<qau>Locks.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In the wrong way; contrary to the right course;

<as>as, a hound that runs <ex>counter</ex></as>.</def>



<q>This is <qex>counter</qex>, you false Danish dogs!</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>At or against the front or face.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Which [darts] they never throw <qex>counter</qex>, but at the

back of the flier.</q>

<qau>Sandys.</qau>



<hw>Coun"ter</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Contrary; opposite;

contrasted; opposed; adverse; antagonistic; <as>as, a

<ex>counter</ex> current; a <ex>counter</ex> revolution; a

<ex>counter</ex> poison; a <ex>counter</ex> agent;

<ex>counter</ex> fugue.</as></def> \'bdInnumerable facts

attesting the <xex>counter</xex> principle.\'b8



<au>I. Taylor.</au>



<cs><col>Counter approach</col> <fld>(Fort.)</fld>, <cd>a trench

or work pushed forward from defensive works to meet the

approaches of besiegers. See <er>Approach</er>.</cd> --

<col>Counter bond</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>in old practice, a

bond to secure one who has given bond for another.</cd> --

<col>Counter brace</col>. <cd>See <er>Counter brace</er>, in

Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Counter deed</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>,

<cd>a secret writing which destroys, invalidates, or alters, a

public deed.</cd> -- <col>Counter distinction</col>,

<cd>contradistinction.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <col>Counter

drain</col>, <cd>a drain at the foot of the embankment of a canal

or watercourse, for carrying off the water that may soak

through.</cd> -- <col>Counter extension</col> <fld>(Surg.)</fld>,

<cd>the fixation of the upper part of a limb, while extension is

practiced on the lower part, as in cases of luxation or

fracture.</cd> -- <col>Counter fissure</col> <fld>(Surg.)</fld>

<cd>Same as <er>Contrafissure</er>.</cd> -- <col>Counter

indication</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>Same as

<er>Contraindication</er>.</cd> -- <col>Counter irritant</col>

<fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>an irritant to produce a blister, a

pustular eruption, or other irritation in some part of the body,

in order to relieve an existing irritation in some other part.

\'bd<xex>Counter irritants</xex> are of as great use in moral as

in physical diseases.\'b8 <au>Macaulay</au>.</cd> -- <col>Counter

irritation</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>the act or the result of

applying a <xex>counter irritant</xex>.</cd> -- <col>Counter

opening</col>, <cd>an aperture or vent on the opposite side, or

in a different place.</cd> -<col>Counter parole</col>

<fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a word in addition to the password, given

in time of alarm as a signal.</cd> -- <col>Counter plea</col>

<fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a replication to a plea.

<au>Cowell</au>.</cd> -- <col>Counter pressure</col>, <cd>force

or pressure that acts in a contrary direction to some other

opposing pressure.</cd> -- <col>Counter project</col>, <cd>a

project, scheme, or proposal brought forward in opposition to

another, as in the negotiation of a treaty. <au>Swift</au>.</cd>

-- <col>Counter proof</col>, <cd>in engraving, a print taken off

from another just printed, which, by being passed through the

press, gives a copy in reverse, and of course in the same

position as that of plate from which the first was printed, the

object being to enable the engraver to inspect the state of the

plate.</cd> -- <col>Counter revolution</col>, <cd>a revolution

opposed to a former one, and restoring a former state of

things.</cd> -- <col>Counter revolutionist</col>, <cd>one engaged

in, or befriending, a counter revolution.</cd> -- <col>Counter

round</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a body of officers whose duty

it is to visit and inspect the rounds and sentinels.</cd> --

<col>Counter sea</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a sea running in

an opposite direction from the wind.</cd> -- <col>Counter

sense</col>, <cd>opposite meaning.</cd> -- <col>Counter

signal</col>, <cd>a signal to answer or correspond to

another.</cd> -- <col>Counter signature</col>, <cd>the name of a

secretary or other officer countersigned to a writing. <au>.

Tooke</au>.</cd> -- <col>Counter slope</col>, <cd>an overhanging

slope; as, a wall with a <xex>counter slope</xex>.

<au>Mahan</au>.</cd> -- <col>Counter statement</col>, <cd>a

statement made in opposition to, or denial of, another

statement.</cd> -- <col>Counter surety</col>, <cd>a counter bond,

or a surety to secure one who has given security.</cd> --

<col>Counter tally</col>, <cd>a tally corresponding to

another.</cd> -- <col>Counter tide</col>, <cd>contrary

tide.</cd></cs>



<hw>Coun"ter</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Counter</er>,

<ets>adv</ets>., <er>Contra</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The after part of a vessel's body, from

the water line to the stern, -- below and somewhat forward of the

stern proper.</def>



<-- p. 332 -->



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Contra</er>.

Formerly used to designate any under part which served for

contrast to a principal part, but now used as equivalent to

<xex>counter tenor</xex>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>The breast, or thet part of a

horse between the shoulders and under the neck.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The back leather or heel part of a boot.</def>



<hw>Coun"ter</hw> <pr>(koun"t?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

encounter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>With kindly <qex>counter</qex> under mimic shade.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Coun"ter</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <fld>(Boxing)</fld> <def>To

return a blow while receiving one, as in boxing.</def>



<q>His left hand <qex>countered</qex> provokingly.</q>

<qau>C. Kingsley.</qau>



<hw>Coun`ter*act"</hw> <pr>(koun`t?r-?kt")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Counteracted</er>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Counteracting</er>.]</wordforms>

<def>To act in opposition to; to hinder, defeat, or frustrate, by

contrary agency or influence; <as>as, to <ex>counteract</ex> the

effect of medicines; to <ex>counteract</ex> good

advice.</as></def>



<hw>Coun`ter*ac"tion</hw> <pr>(koun`t?r-?k"sh?n)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <def>Action in opposition; hindrance

resistance.</def>



<q>[They] do not . . . overcome the <qex>counteraction</qex> of a

false principle or of stubborn partiality.</q>

<qau>Johnson.</qau>



<hw>Coun`ter*act"ive</hw> <pr>(-?kt"?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Tending to counteract.</def>



<hw>Coun`ter*act"ive</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or that

which, counteracts.</def>



<hw>Coun`ter*act"ibe*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>By

counteraction.</def>



<hw>Coun`ter*bal"ance</hw> <pr>(-b?l"<it>a</it>ns)</pr>, <pos>v.

t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos>

<er>Counterbalanced</er> <pr>(-<it>a</it>nst)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &

vb. n.</pos> <er>Counterbalancing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To

oppose with an equal weight or power; to counteract the power or

effect of; to countervail; to equiponderate; to balance.</def>



<q>The remaining air was not able to <qex>counterbalance</qex>

the mercurial cylinder.</q>

<qau>Boyle.</qau>



<q>The cstudy of mind is necessary to <qex>counterbalance</qex>

and correct the influence of the study of nature.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>



<hw>Coun"ter*bal`ance</hw> <pr>(koun"t?r-b?l`<it>a</it>ns)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <def>A weight, power, or agency, acting against or

balancing another</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A mass of metal in

one side of a driving wheel or fly wheel, to balance the weight

of a crank pin, etc., on the opposite side of the wheel</def>.

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A counterpoise to balance the weight of

anything, as of a drawbridge or a scale beam.</def>



<q>Money is the <qex>counterbalance</qex> to all other things

purchasable by it.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<hw>Coun"ter*bore`</hw> <pr>(-b?r`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A flat-bottomed cylindrical enlargement of the

mouth of a hole, usually of slight depth, as for receiving a

cylindrical screw head.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A kind of pin drill with the cutting edge or

edges normal to the axis; -- used for enlarging a hole, or for

forming a flat-bottomed recess at its mouth.</def>



<hw>Coun`ter*bore"</hw> <pr>(koun`t?r-b?r")</pr>, <pos>v.

t.</pos> <def>To form a counterbore in, by boring, turning, or

drilling; to enlarge, as a hole, by means of a counterbore.</def>



<hw>Coun"ter brace`</hw> <pr>(br?s`)</pr>. <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The brace of the fore-topsail on the

leeward side of a vessel.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Engin.)</fld> <def>A brace, in a framed

structure, which resists a strain of a character opposite to that

which a main brace is designed to receive.</def>



<note><hand/ In a quadrilateral system of bracing, the <xex>main

brace</xex> is usually in the direction of one diagonal, and the

<xex>counter brace</xex> in the direction of the other. Strains

in counter braces are occasioned by the live load only, as, in a

roof, by the wind, or, in a bridge, by a moving train.</note>



<hw>Coun"ter*brace`</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To brace in opposite directions; <as>as,

to <ex>counterbrace</ex> the yards, <it>i. e.</it>, to brace the

head yards one way and the after yards another.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Engin.)</fld> <def>To brace in such a way that

opposite strains are resisted; to apply counter braces to.</def>



<hw>Coun`ter*buff"</hw> <pr>(koun`t?r-b?f")</pr>, <pos>v.

t.</pos> <def>To strike or drive back or in an opposite

direction; to stop by a blow or impulse in front.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Coun"ter*buff`</hw> <pr>(koun"t?r-b?f`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>A blow in an opposite direction; a stroke that stops motion

or cause a recoil.</def>



<hw>Coun"ter*cast`</hw> <pr>(koun"t?r-k?st`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>A trick; a delusive contrivance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Coun"ter*cast`er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

caster of accounts; a reckoner; a bookkeeper; -- used

conteptuously.</def>



<hw>Coun`ter*change"</hw> <pr>(koun`t?r-ch?nj)</pr>, <pos>v.

t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos>

<er>Counterchanged</er> <pr>(-ch?njd")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Counterchanging</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To give and receive; to cause to change places; to

exchange.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To checker; to diversify, as in heraldic

counterchanging. See <er>Counterchaged</er>, <pos>a.</pos>,

2.</def>



<q>With-elms, that <qex>counterchange</qex> the floor

Of this flat lawn with dusk and bright.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Coun"ter*change`</hw> <pr>(koun"t?r-ch?nj`)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <def>Exchange; reciprocation.</def>



<hw>Coun`ter*changed"</hw> <pr>(-ch?njd")</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Exchanged.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Having the tinctures exchanged

mutually; thus, if the field is divided palewise, <xex>or</xex>

and <xex>azure</xex>, and cross is borne

<xex>counterchanged</xex>, that part of the cross which comes on

the <xex>azure</xex> side will be <xex>or</xex>, and that on the

<xex>or</xex> side will be <xex>azure</xex>.</def>



<hw>Coun"ter*charge`</hw> <pr>(koun"t?r-ch?rj`)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <def>An opposing charge.</def>



<hw>Coun`ter*charm"</hw> <pr>(koun`t?r-ch?rm")</pr>, <pos>v.

t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos>

<er>Countercharmed</er> <pr>(-ch?rmd`)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Countercharming</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To destroy

the effect of a charm upon.</def>



<hw>Coun"ter*charm`</hw> <pr>(koun"t?r-ch?rm`)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <def>That which has the power of destroying the

effect of a charm.</def>



<hw>Coun`ter*check"</hw> <pr>(koun`t?r-ch?k")</pr>, <pos>v.

t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos>

<er>Counterchecked</er> <pr>(-ch?ckt")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Counterchecking</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To oppose or

check by some obstacle; to check by a return check.</def>



<hw>Coun"ter*check`</hw> <pr>(koun"t?r-ch?k`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A check; a stop; a rebuke, or censure to check a

reprover.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any force or device designed to restrain another

restraining force; a check upon a check.</def>



<q>The system of checks and <qex>counterchecks</qex>.</q>

<qau>J. H. Newton.</qau>



<hw>Coun"ter*claim`</hw> <pr>(-kl?m`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A claim made by a person as an offset to a

claim made on him.</def>



<hw>Coun"ter-com*po`ny</hw> <pr>(-k?m-p?`n?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>See <er>Compony</er>.</def>



<hw>Coun"ter-couch`ant</hw>

<pr>(koun"t?r-kouch"<it>a</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Lying down, with their heads in opposite

directions; -- said of animals borne in a coat of arms.</def>



<hw>Coun"ter-cou*rant"</hw> <pr>(-k??-r?nt")</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Running in opposite directions; -- said of

animals borne in a coast of arms.</def>



<hw>Coun"ter*cur`rent</hw>

<pr>(koun"t?r-k?r`-r<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Running in an opposite direction.</def>



<hw>Coun"ter*cur`rent</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A current running

in an opposite direction to the main current.</def>



<hw>Coun`ter*draw"</hw> <pr>(koun`t?r-dr?")</pr>, <pos>v.

t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Counterdrew</er>

<pr>(-dr?")</pr>; <pos>p. p.</pos> <er>Counterdrawn</er>

<pr>(-dr?n")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Counterdrawing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To copy, as a design

or painting, by tracing with a pencil on oiled paper, or other

transparent substance.</def>



<hw>Coun"ter*fai"sance</hw> <pr>(koun"t?r-f?"<it>za</it>ns)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Counterfesance</er>.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Coun"ter*feit</hw> <pr>(koun"t?r-f?t)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[F. <ets>contrefait</ets>, p. p. of <ets>contrefaire</ets>

to counterfeit; <ets>contre</ets> (L. <ets>contra</ets>) +

<ets>faire</ets> to make, fr. L. <ets>facere</ets>. See

<er>Counter</er>, <ets>adv</ets>., and <er>Fact</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Representing by imitation or likeness; having a

resemblance to something else; portrayed.</def>



<q>Look here upon this picture, and on this-

The <qex>counterfeit</qex> presentment of two brothers.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fabricated in imitation of something else, with

a view to defraud by passing the false copy for genuine or

original; <as>as, <ex>counterfeit</ex> antiques;

<ex>counterfeit</ex> coin</as>.</def> \'bdNo

<xex>counterfeit</xex> gem.\'b8



<au>Robinson (More's Utopia).</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Assuming the appearance of something; false;

spurious; deceitful; hypocritical; <as>as, a <ex>counterfeit</ex>

philanthropist</as>.</def> \'bdAn arrant <xex>counterfeit</xex>

rascal.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Forged; fictitious; spurious; false.</syn>



<hw>Coun"ter*feit</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which

resembles or is like another thing; a likeness; a portrait; a

counterpart.</def>



<q>Thou drawest a <qex>counterfeit</qex>

Best in all Athens.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Even Nature's self envied the same,

And grudged to see the <qex>counterfeit</qex> should shame

The thing itself.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is made in imitation of something,

with a view to deceive by passing the false for the true; <as>as,

the bank note was a <ex>counterfeit</ex></as>.</def>



<q>Never call a true piece of gold a <qex>counterfeit</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Some of these <qex>counterfeits</qex> are fabricated with such

exquisite taste and skill, that it is the achievement of

criticism to distinguish them from originals.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>One who pretends to be what he is not; one who

personates another; an impostor; a cheat.</def>



<q>I fear thou art another <qex>counterfeit</qex>;

And yet, in faith, thou bears'st thee like a king.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Coun"ter*feit</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. &

p. p.</pos> <er>Counterfeited</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Counterfeiting</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

imitate, or put on a semblance of; to mimic; <as>as, to

<ex>counterfeit</ex> the voice of another person</as>.</def>



<q>Full well they laughed with <qex>counterfeited</qex> glee

At all his jokes, for many a joke had he.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To imitate with a view to deceiving, by passing

the copy for that which is original or genuine; to forge; <as>as,

to <ex>counterfeit</ex> the signature of another, coins, notes,

etc.</as></def>



<hw>Coun"ter*feit</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

carry on a deception; to dissemble; to feign; to pretend.</def>



<q>The knave <qex>counterfeits</qex> well; a good knave.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make counterfeits.</def>



<hw>Coun"ter*feit`er</hw> <pr>(-f?t`?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>One who counterfeits; one who copies or

imitates; especially, one who copies or forges bank notes or

coin; a forger.</def>



<q>The coin which was corrupted by <qex>counterfeiters</qex>.</q>

<qau>Camden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who assumes a false appearance or semblance;

one who makes false pretenses.</def>



<q><qex>Counterfeiters</qex> of devotion.</q>

<qau>Sherwood.</qau>



<hw>Coun"ter*feit`ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>By forgery;

falsely.</def>



<hw>Coun"ter*fe`sance</hw> <pr>(-f?"<it>za</it>ns)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>contrefaisance</ets>, fr.

<ets>contrefaire</ets>. See <er>Counterfeit</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>The act of forging; forgery.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>counterfaisance</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Coun"ter*fleu`ry</hw> <pr>(koun"t?r-fl?`r?)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>contrefleuri</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Counterflory.</def>



<hw>Coun"ter*flo`ry</hw> <pr>(-fl?`r?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[See <er>Counterfleury</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld>

<def>Adorned with flowers (usually fleurs-de-lis) so divided that

the tops appear on one side and the bottoms on the others; --

said of any ordinary.</def>



<hw>Coun"ter*foil`</hw> <pr>(-foil)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Counter-</ets> + <ets>foil</ets> a leaf.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>That part of a tally, formerly in the exchequer,

which was kept by an officer in that court, the other, called the

<xex>stock</xex>, being delivered to the person who had lent the

king money on the account; -- called also

<altname>counterstock</altname>.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The part of a writing (as the stub of a bank

check) in which are noted the main particulars contained in the

corresponding part, which has been issued.</def>



<hw>Coun"ter*force`</hw> <pr>(-f?rs`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

opposing force.</def>



<hw>Coun"ter*fort`</hw> <pr>(-f?rt`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A kind of buttress of masonry

to strengthen a revetment wall.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A spur or projection of a mountain.</def>



<au>Imp. Dict.</au>



<hw>Coun"ter*gage`</hw> <pr>(-g?j`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>An adjustable gage, with double points

for transferring measurements from one timber to another, as the

breadth of a mortise to the place where the tenon is to be

made.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Coun"ter*guard`</hw> <pr>(koun"t?r-g?rd`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A low outwork before a bastion or

ravelin, consisting of two lines of rampart parallel to the faces

of the bastion, and protecting them from a breaching fire.</def>



<mhw><hw>Coun"ter*ir`ri*tant</hw>

<pr>(-?r"r?-t<it>a</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>,

<hw>Coun"ter*ir`ri*ta"tion</hw>, <pos>n.</pos></mhw> <def>See

<cref>Counter irritant</cref>, etc., under <er>Counter</er>,

<pos>a.</pos></def>



<hw>Coun"ter*ir"ri*tate</hw> <pr>(koun"t?r-?r"r?-t?t)</pr>,

<pos>v. t.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To produce counter

irritation in; to treat with one morbid process for the purpose

of curing another.</def>



<hw>Coun"ter*jump`er</hw> <pr>(koun"t?r-j?mp`?r)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <def>A salesman in a shop; a shopman; -- used

contemtuously.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>



<hw>Coun"ter*man</hw> <pr>(koun"t?r-m<it>a</it>n)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Countermen</plw>

<pr>(-m<it>e</it>n)</pr>.</plu> <def>A man who attends at the

counter of a shop to sell goods.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Coun`ter*mand"</hw> <pr>(koun`t?r-m?nd")</pr>, <pos>v.

t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp & p. p.</pos>

<er>Countermanded</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Countermanding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.

<ets>contremander</ets>; <ets>contre</ets> (L. <ets>contra</ets>)

+ <ets>mander</ets> to command, fr. L. <ets>mandare</ets>. Cf.

<er>Mandate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To revoke (a former

command); to cancel or rescind by giving an order contrary to one

previously given; <as>as, to <ex>countermand</ex> an order for

goods</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To prohibit; to forbid.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Avicen <qex>countermands</qex> letting blood in choleric

bodles.</q>

<qau>Harvey.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To oppose; to revoke the command of.</def>



<q>For us to alter anuthing, is to lift ourselves against God;

and, as it were, to <qex>countermand</qex> him.</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<hw>Coun"ter*mand</hw> <pr>(koun"t?r-m?nd)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>A contrary order; revocation of a former order or

command.</def>



<q>Have you no <qex>countermand</qex> for Claudio yet,

But he must die to-morrow?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Coun`ter*mand"a*ble</hw> <pr>(-m?nd"?-b'l)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of being countermanded;

revocable.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Coun`ter*march"</hw> <pr>(koun`t?r-m?rch")</pr>, <pos>v.

i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos>

<er>Countermarched</er> <pr>(-m?rcht")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Countermarching</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>

<def>To march back, or to march in reversed order.</def>



<q>The two armies marched and <qex>countermarched</qex>, drew

near and receded.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Coun"ter*march`</hw> <pr>(koun"t?r-m?rch`)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A marching back;

retrocession.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>An evolution by which a body

of troops change front or reverse the direction of march while

retaining the same men in the front rank; also, a movement by

which the rear rank becomes the front one, either with or without

changing the right to the left.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A change of measures; alteration of

conduct.</def>



<q>Such <qex>countermarches</qex> and retractions as we do not

willingly impute to wisdom.</q>

<qau>T. Burnet.</qau>



<hw>Coun"ter*mark`</hw> <pr>(-m?rk`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A mark or token added to those already existing,

in order to afford security or proof; as, an additional or

special mark put upon a package of goods belonging to several

persons, that it may not be opened except in the presence of all;

a mark added to that of an artificer of gold or silver work by

the Goldsmiths' Company of London, to attest the standard quality

of the gold or silver; a mark added to an ancient coin or medal,

to show either its change of value or that it was taken from an

enemy.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>An artificial cavity made in

the teeth of horses that have outgrown their natural mark, to

disguise their age.</def>



<hw>Coun`ter*mark"</hw> <pr>(koun`t?r-m?rk")</pr>, <pos>v.

t.</pos> <def>To apply a countenmark to; <as>as, to

<ex>countermark</ex> silverware; to <ex>countermark</ex> a

horse's teeth.</as></def>



<hw>Coun"ter*mine`</hw> <pr>(koun"t?r-m?n`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Counter-</ets> + <ets>mine</ets> underground gallery:

cf. F. <ets>contermine</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>An underground gallery excavated to

intercept and destroy the mining of an enemy.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A stratagem or plot by which another sratagem or

project is defeated.</def>



<q>Thinking himself contemned, knowing no <qex>countermine</qex>

against contempt but terror.</q>

<qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau>



<hw>Coun`ter*mine"</hw> <pr>(koun`t?r-m?n")</pr>, <pos>v.

t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>contreminer</ets>.]</ety>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p</pos>.  <er>Countermined</er>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n</pos>. <er>Countermining</er>.]</wordforms>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To oppose by means or a

countermine; to intercept with a countermine.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To frustrate or counteract by secret

measures.</def>



<hw>Coun`ter*mine"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To make a

countermine or counterplot; to plot secretly.</def>



<q>'Tis hard for man to <qex>countermine</qex> with God.</q>

<qau>Chapman.</qau>



<hw>Coun`ter*move"</hw> <pr>(koun`t?r-m??v")</pr>, <pos>v. t. &

i.</pos> <def>To move in a contrary direction to.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Coun"ter*move`</hw> <pr>(-m??v`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<hw>Coun"ter*move`ment</hw> <pr>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>. }</mhw>

<def>A movement in opposition to another.</def>



<hw>Coun"ter*mure`</hw> <pr>(-m?r`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Counter-</ets> + <ets>mure</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>contremur</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A wall

raised behind another, to supply its place when breached or

destroyed. <mark>[R.]</mark> Cf. <er>Contramure</er>.</def>



<au>Knolles.</au>



<hw>Coun`ter*mure"</hw> <pr>(koun`t?r-m?r")</pr>, <pos>v.

t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos>

<er>Countermured</er> <pr>(-m?rd")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Countermuring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>contremurer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To fortify with a wall behind

another wall.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Kyd.</au>



<hw>Coun"ter*nat`u*ral</hw> <pr>(koun"t?r-n?t`?-r<it>a</it>l;

135)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Contrary to nature.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Harvey.</au>



<hw>Coun"ter-pa`ly</hw> <pr>(-p?`l?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>contre-pal\'82</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Paly,

and then divided fesswise, so that each vertical piece is cut

into two, having the colors used alternately or

<xex>counterchanged</xex>. Thus the escutcheon in the

illustration may also be blazoned <xex>paly of six per fess</xex>

counterchanged <xex>argent and azure</xex>.</def>



<hw>Coun"ter*pane`</hw> <pr>(koun"t?r-p?n`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[See <er>Counterpoint</er>, corrupted into

counter<ets>pane</ets>, from the employment of

<ets>pane-</ets>shaped figures in these coverlets. ]</ety> <def>A

coverlet for a bed, -- originally stitched or woven in squares or

figures.</def>



<q>On which a tissue <qex>counterpane</qex> was cast.</q>

<qau>Drayton.</qau>



<hw>Coun"ter*pane`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>contrepan</ets> a pledge, security; <ets>contre + pan</ets>

a skirt, also, a pawn or gage, F. <ets>pan</ets> a skirt. See

<er>Pane</er>, and cf. <er>Pawn</er>.]</ety> <fld>(O. Law)</fld>

<def>A duplicate part or copy of an indenture, deed, etc.,

corresponding with the original; -- now called

<xex>counterpart</xex>.</def>



<q>Read, scribe; give me the <qex>counterpane</qex>.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<-- p. 333 -->



<hw>Coun"ter*part`</hw> <pr>(koun"t?r-p?rt`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A part corresponding to another part; anything

which answers, or corresponds, to another; a copy; a duplicate; a

facsimile.</def>



<q>In same things the laws of Normandy agreed with the laws of

England, so that they seem to be, as it were, copies or

<qex>counterparts</qex> one of another.</q>

<qau>Sir M. Hale.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One of two corresponding copies

of an instrument; a duplicate.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A person who closely resembles another.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A thing may be applied to another thing so as to

fit perfectly, as a seal to its impression; hence, a thing which

is adapted to another thing, or which suplements it; that which

serves to complete or complement anything; hence, a person or

thing having qualities lacking in another; an opposite.</def>



<q>O <qex>counterpart</qex>

Of our soft sex, well are you made our lords.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Coun"ter*pas`sant</hw> <pr>(-p?s"s<it>a</it>nt)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Counter-</ets> + <ets>

<ets>passant</ets>:cf. F.  <ets>contrepassant</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Passant in opposite directions; -- said of

two animals.</def>



<hw>Coun`ter*plead"</hw> <pr>(koun`t?r-pl?d")</pr>, <pos>v.

t.</pos> <def>To plead the contrary of; to plead against; to

deny.</def>



<hw>Coun`ter*plot"</hw> <pr>(koun`t?r-pl?t")</pr>, <pos>v.

t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos>

<er>Counterplotted</er>;<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Counterplotting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To oppose, as another

plot, by plotting; to attempt to frustrate, as a stratagem, by

stratagem.</def>



<q>Every wile had proved abortive, every plot had been

<qex>counterplotted</qex>.</q>

<qau>De Quinsey.</qau>



<hw>Coun"ter*plot`</hw> <pr>(koun"t?r-pl?t`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>A plot or artifice opposed to another.</def>



<au>L'Estrange.</au>



<hw>Coun"ter*point`</hw> <pr>(koun"t?r-point`)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Counter-</ets> +

<ets>point</ets>.]</ety> <def>An opposite point</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir E. Sandys.</au>



<hw>Coun"ter*point`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>contrepoint</ets>; cf. It. <ets>contrappunto</ets>. Cf.

<er>Contrapuntal</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>The setting of note against note in harmony; the adding of

one or more parts to a given <xex>canto fermo</xex> or

melody</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The art of polyphony, or

composite melody, <it>i. e.</it>, melody not single, but moving

attended by one or more related melodies.</def> <sd>(c)</sd>

<def>Music in parts; part writing; harmony; polyphonic music. See

<er>Polyphony</er>.</def>



<q><qex>Counterpoint</qex>, an invention equivalent to a new

creation of music.</q>

<qau>Whewell.</qau>



<hw>Coun"ter*point`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. 

<ets>contrepoincte</ets>, corruption of earlier

<ets>counstepointe</ets>, <ets>countepointe</ets>, F.

<ets>courtepointe</ets>, fr. L.  <ets>culcita</ets> cushion,

mattress (see <er>Quilt</er>, and cf. <er>Cushion</er>) + 

<ets>puncta</ets>, fem. p. p. of <ets>pungere</ets> to prick (see

<er>Point</er>). The word properly meant a stitched quilt, with

the colors broken one into another.]</ety> <def>A coverlet; a

cover for a bed, often stitched or broken into squares; a

counterpane.  See 1st <er>Counterpane</er>.</def>



<q>Embroidered coverlets or <qex>counterpoints</qex> of purple

silk.</q>

<qau>Sir T. North.</qau>



<hw>Coun"ter*poise`</hw> <pr>(koun"t?r-poiz`; 277)</pr>, <pos>v.

t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos>

<er>Counterpoised</er> <pr>(-poizd`)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Counterpoising</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. 

<ets>countrepesen</ets>, <ets>counterpeisen</ets>, F. 

<ets>contrepeser</ets>. See <er>Counter</er>, <ets>adv</ets>.,

and <er>Poise</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos> ]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

act against with equal weight; to equal in weght; to balance the

weight of; to counterbalance.</def>



<q>Weigts, <qex>counterpoising</qex> one another.</q>

<qau>Sir K. Digby.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To act against with equal power; to

balance.</def>



<q>So many freeholders of English will be able to beard and

<qex>counterpoise</qex> the rest.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Coun"ter*poise`</hw> <pr>(koun"t?r-poiz`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[OE. <ets>countrepese</ets>, OF.  <ets>contrepois</ets>, F. 

<ets>contrepods</ets>. See <er>Counter</er>, <ets>adv</ets>., and

<er>Poise</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A weight

sufficient to balance another, as in the opposite scale of a

balance; an equal weight.</def>



<q>Fastening that to our exact balance, we put a metalline

<qex>counterpoise</qex> into the opposite scale.</q>

<qau>Boyle.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An equal power or force acting in opposition; a

force sufficient to balance another force.</def>



<q>The second nobles are a <qex>counterpoise</qex> to the higher

nobility, that they grow not too potent.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The relation of two weights or forces which

balance each other; equilibrum; equiponderance.</def>



<q>The pendulous round eart, with balanced air,

In <qex>counterpoise</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Coun"ter*pole`</hw> <pr>(-p?l`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

exact opposite.</def>



<q>The German prose offers the <qex>counterpole</qex> to the

French style.</q>

<qau>De Quincey.</qau>



<hw>Coun`ter*pon"der*ate</hw> <pr>(-p?n"d?r-?t)</pr>, <pos>v.

t.</pos> <def>TO equal in weight; to counterpoise; to

equiponderate.</def>



<hw>Coun`ter*prove"</hw> <pr>(koun`t?r-pr??v")</pr>, <pos>v.

t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos>

<er>Counterproved</er> <pr>(-pr??vd")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Counterproving</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To take a

counter proof of, or a copy in reverse, by taking an impression

directly from the face of an original.  See <cref>Counter

proof</cref>, under <er>Counter</er>.</def>



<hw>Coun"ter-roll`</hw> <pr>(-r?l`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Control</er>.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A

duplicate roll (record or account) kept by an officer as a check

upon another officer's roll.</def>



<au>Burrill.</au>



<note><hand/ As a verb this word is contracted into

<xex>control</xex>. See <er>Control</er>.</note>



<hw>Coun`ter*rol"ment</hw> <pr>(koun`t?r-r?l"m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <def>A counter account. See <er>Control</er>.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Coun`ter-sa"li*ent</hw> <pr>(-s?"l?-e]/>nt <or/

-s?l"y<it>e</it>nt; 106)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Her.)</fld>

<def>Leaping from each other; -- said of two figures on a coast

of arms.</def>



<hw>Coun"ter*scale`</hw> <pr>(koun"t?r-sk?l`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Counterbalance; balance, as of one scale against

another.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Howell.</au>



<hw>Coun"ter*scarf`</hw> <pr>(-sk?rf`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Counter-</ets> + <ets> <ets>scarp</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>contrescarpe</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>The

exterior slope or wall of the ditch; -- sometimes, the whole

covered way, beyond the ditch, with its parapet and glacis;

<as>as, the enemy have lodged themselves on the

<ex>counterscarp</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Coun`ter*seal"</hw> <pr>(koun`t?r-s?l")</pr>, <pos>v.

t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos>

<er>Countersealed</er> <pr>(-s?ld")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Countersealing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To seal or

ratify with another or others.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Coun`ter*se*cure"</hw> <pr>(-s?-k?r")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<def>To give additional security to or for.</def>



<au>Burke.</au>



<hw>Coun"ter*shaft`</hw> <pr>(koun"t?r-sh?ft`)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>An intermediate shaft;

esp., one which receives motion from a line shaft in a factory

and transmits it to a machine.</def>



<hw>Coun`ter*sign"</hw> <pr>(-s?n`; 277)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Countersigned</er>

<pr>(-s?nd`)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Countersigning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[<ets>Counter-</ets> +

<ets> <ets>sign</ets>: cf. F.  <ets>contresigner</ets>.]</ety>

<def>To sign on the opposite side of (an instrument or writing);

hence, to sign in addition to the signature of a principal or

superior, in order to attest the authenticity of a writing.</def>



<hw>Coun"ter*sign`</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

signature of a secretary or other officer to a writing signed by

a principal or superior, to attest its authenticity.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A private signal, word, or

phrase, which must be given in order to pass a sentry; a

watchword.</def>



<hw>Coun"ter*sink`</hw> <pr>(koun"t?r-s??k`; 277)</pr>, <pos>v.

t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.  <er>Countersunk</er>

<pr>(-s<?/<?/k`)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n</pos>. 

<er>Countersinking</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To chamfer

or form a depression around the top of (a hole in wood, metal,

etc.) for the reception of the head of a screw or bolt below the

surface, either wholly or in part; <as>as, to

<ex>countersink</ex> a hole for a screw</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cause to sink even with or below the surface;

<as>as, to <ex>countersink</ex> a screw or bolt into

woodwork</as>.</def>



<hw>Coun"ter*sink`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An

enlargement of the upper part of a hole, forming a cavity or

depression for receiving the head of a screw or bolt.</def>



<note><hand/ In the United States a flaring cavity formed by

chamfering the edges of a round hole is called a

<xex>countersink</xex>, while a cylindrical flat-bottomed

enlargement of the mouth of the hole is usually called <stype>a

conterbore</stype>.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A drill or cutting tool for countersinking

holes.</def>



<hw>Coun"ter*stand`</hw> <pr>(-st<?/nd`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Resistance; opposition; a stand against.</def>



<q>Making <qex>counterstand</qex> to Robert Guiscard.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<hw>Coun"ter*step`</hw> <pr>(koun"t?r-st?p`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>A contrary method of procedure; opposite course of

action.</def>



<hw>Coun"ter*stock`</hw> <pr>(-st?k`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>See <er>Counterfoil</er>.</def>



<hw>Coun"ter*stroke`</hw> <pr>(-str?k`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>A stroke or blow in return.</def>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Coun"ter*sunk`</hw> <pr>(-s?nk`)</pr>, <pos>p. p. & a.</pos>

<mord>from <er>Countersink</er></mord>. <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Chamfered at the top; -- said of a hole.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Sunk into a chamfer; <as>as, a

<ex>countersunk</ex> bolt</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Beveled on the lower side, so as to fit a

chamfered countersink; <as>as, a <ex>countersunk</ex>

nailhead</as>.</def>



<hw>Coun"ter*sway`</hw> <pr>(-sw?`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

swaying in a contrary direction; an opposing influence.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A <qex>countersway</qex> of restraint, curbing their wild

exorbitance.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Coun"ter ten`or</hw> <pr>(t?n`?r)</pr>. <ety>[OF.

<ets>contreteneur</ets>. Cf. <er>Contratenor</er>, and see

<er>Tenor</er> a part in music.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>One

of the middle parts in music, between the tenor and the treble;

high tenor.</def>



<cs><col>Counter-tenor clef</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>the C

clef when placed on the third line; -- also called <altname>alto

clef</altname>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Coun"ter*term`</hw> <pr>(-t?rm`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

term or word which is the opposite of, or antithesis to, another;

an antonym; -- the opposite of <xex>synonym</xex>; <as>as,

\'bdfoe\'b8 is the <ex>counterterm</ex> of

\'bdfriend\'b8</as>.</def>



<au>C. J. Smith.</au>



<hw>Coun"ter*time`</hw> <pr>(-t?m`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Man.)</fld> <def>The resistance of a horse,

that interrupts his cadence and the measure of his manege,

occasioned by a bad horseman, or the bad temper of the

horse.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Resistance; opposition.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Give not shus the <qex>countertime</qex> to fate.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Coun"ter*trip`pant</hw> <pr>(-tr?p`p<it>a</it>nt)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Trippant in opposite

directions. See <er>Trippant</er>.</def>



<hw>Coun"ter*trip`ping</hw> <pr>(-tr?p`p?ng)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Countertrippant</er>.</def>



<hw>Coun"ter*turn`</hw> <pr>(-t<?/rn`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>The critical moment in a play, when, contrary to

expectation, the action is embroiled in new difficulties.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Coun`ter*vail"</hw> <pr>(koun`t?r-v?l")</pr>, <pos>v.

t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos>

<er>Countervailed</er> <pr>(-v?ld)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Countervailing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. 

<ets>contrevaloir</ets>; <ets>contre</ets> (L. <ets>contra</ets>)

+  <ets>valoir</ets> to avail, fr. L.  <ets>valere</ets> to be

strong, avail. See <er>Vallant</er>.]</ety> <def>To act against

with equal force, power, or effect; to thwart or overcome by such

action; to furnish an equivalent to or for; to counterbalance; to

compensate.</def>



<q>Upon balancing the account, the profit at last will hardly

<qex>countervail</qex> the inconveniences that go allong with

it.</q>

<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>



<hw>Coun"ter*vail`</hw> <pr>(koun"t?r-v?l`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Power or value sufficient to obviate any effect; equal

weight, strength, or value; equivalent; compensation;

requital.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Surely, the present pleasure of a sinful act is a poor

<qex>countervail</qex> for the bitterness of the review.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<hw>Coun`ter*val*la"tion</hw> <pr>(-v?l-l?"s??n)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>See

<er>Contravallation</er>.</def>



<hw>Coun"ter*view`</hw> <pr>(koun"t?r-v?`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>An opposite or opposing view; opposition; a

posture in which two persons front each other.</def>



<q>Within the gates of hell sat Death and Sin,

In <qex>counterview</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton</qau>



<q>M. Peisse has ably advocated the <qex>counterview</qex> in his

preface and appendixx.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A position in which two dissimilar things

illustrate each other by opposition; contrast.</def>



<q>I have drawn some lines of Linger's character, on purpose to

place it in <qex>counterview</qex>, or contrast with that of the

other company.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<hw>Coun`ter*vote"</hw> <pr>(koun`t?r-v?t")</pr>, <pos>v.

t.</pos> <def>To vote in opposition ti; to balance or overcome by

viting; to outvote.</def>



<au>Dr. J. Scott.</au>



<hw>Coun`ter*walt"</hw> <pr>(koun`ter-w?t")</pr>, <pos>v.

t.</pos> <def>To wait or watch for; to be on guard against.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Coun`ter*weigh"</hw> <pr>(-w?")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<def>To weigh against; to counterbalance.</def>



<hw>Coun"ter *weight`</hw> <pr>(-w?t`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

counterpoise.</def>



<hw>Coun`ter*wheel"</hw> <pr>(-hw?l")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To cause to wheel or turn in an opposite

direction.</def>



<hw>Coun`ter*work"</hw> <pr>(-w?rk")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<def>To work in oppositeion to; to counteract.</def>



<q>That <qex>counterworks</qex>h folly and caprice.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<hw>Count"ess</hw> <pr>(kount"?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Countesses</plw> <pr>(-<?/s)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[F. 

<ets>comtesse</ets>.  See <er>Count</er> a nobleman.]</ety>

<def>The wife of an earl in the British peerage, or of a count in

the Continental nobility; also, a lady possessed of the same

dignity in her own right. See the Note under

<er>Count</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Count"ing*house`</hw> <pr>(kount"?ng-hous`)</pr>,

<hw>Count"ing*room`</hw> <pr>(kount"?ng-r??m`)</pr>, }</mhw>

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Count</er>, <ets>v</ets>. ]</ety>

<def>The house or room in which a merchant, trader, or

manufacturer keeps his books and transacts business.</def>



<hw>Count"less</hw> <pr>(-l?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Incapable

of being counted; not ascertainable; innumerable.</def>



<hw>Count"or</hw> <pr>(kount"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Count</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos> (in sense 4).]</ety> <fld>(O.

Eng. Law)</fld> <def>An advocate or professional pleader; one who

counted for his client, that is, orally pleaded his cause.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Burrill.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Coun*tour"</hw> <pr>(k??n-t??r")</pr>,

<hw>Coun*tour"house`</hw> <pr>(-hous`)</pr>, }</mhw>

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See 2d <er>Counter</er>.]</ety> <def>A

merchant's office; a countinghouse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Coun"tre-</hw> <pr>(koun"ter-)</pr>. <def>Same as prefix

<er>Counter-</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Coun`tre*plete"</hw> <pr>(-pl?t")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Countre-</ets> + <ets>plete</ets> to plead.]</ety>

<def>To counterplead.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Coun"tre*taille`</hw> <pr>(koun"t?r-t?l`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F. <ets>contretaille</ets>; <ets>contre</ets> (L.

<ets>contra</ets>) +  <ets>taille</ets> cut. See

<er>Tally</er>.]</ety> <def>A counter tally; correspondence (in

sound).</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<cs><col>At the countretaille</col>, <cd>in return.</cd></cs>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Coun"tri*fied</hw> <pr>(k?n"tr?-f?ld)</pr>, <pos>p. a.</pos>

<def>Having the appearance and manners of a rustic; rude.</def>



<q>As being one who took no pride,

And was a deal too <qex>countrified</qex>.</q>

<qau>Lloyd.</qau>



<hw>Coun"tri*fy</hw> <pr>(k?n"tr?-f?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<def>To give a rural appearance to; to cause to appear

rustic.</def>



<au>Lamb.</au>



<hw>Coun"try</hw> <pr>(k?n"tr?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Countries</plw> <pr>(-tr<?/z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[F.

<ets>contr<?/e</ets>, LL.  <ets>contrata</ets>, fr. L. 

<ets>contra</ets> over against, on the opposite side. Cf.

<er>Counter</er>, <ets>adv</ets>., <er>Contra</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A tract of land; a region; the territory of an

independent nation; (as distinguished from any other region, and

with a personal pronoun) the region of one's birth, permanent

residence, or citizenship.</def>



<q>Return unto thy <qex>country</qex>, and to thy kindred.</q>

<qau>Gen. xxxxii. 9.</qau>



<q>I might have learned this by my last exile,

that change of <qex>countries</qex> cannot change my state.</q>

<qau>Stirling.</qau>



<q>Many a famous realm

And <qex>country</qex>, whereof here needs no account</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Rural regions, as opposed to a city or

town.</def>



<q>As they walked, on their way into the <qex>country</qex>.</q>

<qau>Mark xvi. 12 (Rev. Ver. ).</qau>



<q>God made the <qex>covatry</qex>, and man made the town.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<q>Only very great men were in the habit of dividing the year

between town and <qex>country</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macualay.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The inhabitants or people of a state or a

region; the populace; the public. Hence: <sd>(a)</sd> One's

constituents. <sd>(b)</sd> The whole body of the electors of

state; <as>as, to dissolve Parliament and appeal to the

<ex>country</ex></as>.</def>



<q>All the <qex>country</qex> in a general voice

Cried hate upon him.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A jury, as

representing the citizens of a country.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>The inhabitants of the district from which a jury is

drawn.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Mining.)</fld> <def>The rock through which a

vein runs.</def>



<cs><col>Conclusion to the country</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Conclusion</er>.</cd> -- <col>To put, <or/ throw, one's self

upon the country</col>, <cd>to appeal to one's constituents; to

stand trial before a jury.</cd></cs>



<hw>Coun"try</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Pertaining to

the regions remote from a city; rural; rustic; <as>as, a

<ex>country</ex> life; a <ex>country</ex> town; the

<ex>country</ex> party, as opposed to city.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Destitute of refinement; rude; unpolished;

rustic; not urbane; <as>as, <ex>country</ex> manners</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Pertaining, or peculiar, to one's own

country.</def>



<q>She, bowing herself towards him, laughing the cruel tyrant to

scorn, spake in her <qex>country</qex> language.</q>

<qau>2 Macc. vii. 27.</qau>



<hw>Coun"try-base`</hw> <pr>(-b?s`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same

as <er>Prison base</er>.</def>



<hw>Coun"try-dance`</hw> <pr>(-d?ns`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Prob. an adaptation of <ets>contradance</ets>.]</ety>

<def>See <er>Contradance</er>.</def>



<q>He had introduced the English <qex>country-dance</qex> to the

knowledge of the Dutch ladies.</q>

<qau>Macualay.</qau>



<hw>Coun"try*man</hw> <pr>(k?n"tr?-m<it>a</it>n)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Countrymen</plw>

<pr>(-m<xex>e</xex>n)</pr>.</plu> <sn>1.</sn> An inhabitant or

native of a region.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One born in the same country with another; a

compatriot; -- used with a possessive pronoun.</def>



<q>In perils of waters, in perils of robbers, in perils by mine

own <qex>countrymen</qex>.</q>

<qau>2 Cor. xi. 26.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>One who dwells in the country, as distinguished

from a townsman or an inhabitant of a city; a rustic; a

husbandman or farmer.</def>



<q>A simple <qex>countryman</qex> that brought her figs.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Coun"try seat`</hw> <pr>(k?n"tr? s?t`)</pr>. <def> A dwelling

in the country, used as a place of retirement from the

city.</def>



<hw>Coun"try*side`</hw> <pr>(-s?d`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

particular rural district; a country neighborhood.</def>

<mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<au>W. Black. Blackmore.</au>



<hw>Coun"try*wom`an</hw> <pr>(-w??m`<it>a</it>n)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Countrywomen</plw>

<pr>(-w<?/m`<?/n)</pr>.</plu> <def>A woman born, or dwelling, in

the country, as opposed to the city; a woman born or dwelling in

the same country with another native or inhabitant.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Count"-wheel`</hw> <pr>(kount"hw?l`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>The wheel in a clock which regulates the number of

strokes.</def>



<hw>Coun"ty</hw> <pr>(koun"t?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Counties</plw> <pr>(-t<?/z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[F.

<ets>comt<?/</ets>, fr. LL.  <ets>comitatus</ets>. See

<er>Count</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An earldom; the domain of

a count or earl.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A circuit or particular portion of a state or

kingdom, separated from the rest of the territory, for certain

purposes in the administration of justice and public affairs; --

called also a <altname>shire</altname>. See <er>Shire</er>.</def>



<q>Every <qex>county</qex>, every town, every family, was in

agitation.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<-- p. 334 -->



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A count; an earl or lord.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<cs><col>County commissioners</col>. <cd>See

<er>Commissioner</er>.</cd> -- <col>County corporate</col>, <cd>a

city or town having the privilege to be a county by itself, and

to be governed by its own sheriffs and other magistrates,

irrespective of the officers of the county in which it is

situated; as London, York, Bristol, etc. <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<au>Mozley & W</au>.</cd> -- <col>County court</col>, <cd>a court

whose jurisdiction is limited to county.</cd> -- <col>County

palatine</col>, <cd>a county distingushed by particular

privileges; -- so called <xex>a palatio</xex> (from the palace),

because the owner had originally royal powers, or the same

powers, in the administration of justice, as the king had in his

palace; but these powers are now abridged. The counties palatine,

in England, are Lancaster, Chester, and Durham.</cd> --

<col>County rates</col>, <cd>rates levied upon the county, and

collected by the boards of guardians, for the purpose of

defraying the expenses to which counties are liable, such as

repairing bridges, jails, etc.</cd>  <mark>[Eng.]</mark> --

<col>County seat</col>, <cd>a county town</cd>.

<mark>[U.S.]</mark> -- <col>County sessions</col>, <cd>the

general quarter sessions of the peace for each county, held four

times a year.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>County town</col>,

<cd>the town of a county, where the county business is

transacted; a shire town.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Coup</hw> <pr>(k??)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.L. 

<ets>colaphus</ets> a cuff, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/.]</ety> <def>A

sudden stroke; an unexpected device or stratagem; -- a term used

in various ways to convey the idea of promptness and force.</def>



<cs><col>Coup de grace</col> <pr>(k<?/<?/" d<xex>e</xex>

gr<?/s")</pr> <ety>[F.]</ety>, <cd>the stroke of mercy with which

an executioner ends by death the sufferings of the condemned;

hence, a decisive, finishing stroke.</cd> -- <col>Coup de

main</col> <pr>(k<?/<?/` d<ets>e</ets> m<?/n`)</pr>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a sudden and unexpected

movement or attack.</cd> -- <col>Coup de soleil</col>

<pr>(k<?/<?/` d s<?/-l<?/l <or/ -l<?/"y')</pr> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a sunstroke. See <er>Sunstroke</er>.</cd>

-- <col>Coup d'\'82tat</col> <pr>(k<?/<?/" d<?/-t<?/")</pr>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Politics)</fld>, <cd>a sudden, decisive

exercise of power whereby the existing government is subverted

without the consent of the people; an unexpected measure of

state, more or less violent; a stroke of policy.</cd> --

<col>Coup d'\'d2il</col> <pr>(k<?/<?/" d<?/l")</pr>.

<ety>[F.]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A single view; a rapid glance of

the eye; a comprehensive view of a scene; as much as can be seen

at one view.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The general effect of a

picture.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <cd>The faculty or

the act of comprehending at a glance the weakness or strength of

a military position, of a certain arrangement of troops, the most

advantageous position for a battlefield, etc.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cou<?/pa*ble</hw> <pr>(k??"p?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Culpable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Cou`p\'82"</hw> <pr>(k??`p?")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F., fr.  <ets>coup\'82</ets>, p. p. of <ets>couper</ets> to

cut. See <er>Coppice</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The front

compartment of a French diligence; also, the front compartment

(usually for three persons) of a car or carriage on British

railways.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A four-wheeled close carriage for two persons

inside, with an outside seat for the driver; -- so called because

giving the appearance of a larger carriage cut off.</def>



<hw>Couped</hw> <pr>(k??pt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F. 

<ets>couper</ets> to cut.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Cut off

smoothly, as distinguished from erased; -- used especially for

the head or limb of an animal. See <er>Erased</er>.</def>



<hw>Cou*pee"</hw> <pr>(k??-p?"; F. k??`p?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F. coup\'82, n., properly p. p. of couper to cut. Cf.

<er>Coup\'82</er>, <er>Coopee</er>.]</ety> <def>A motion in

dancing, when one leg is a little bent, and raised from the

floor, and with the other a forward motion is made.</def>



<au>Chambers.</au>



<hw>\'d8Coupe`-gorge"</hw> <pr>(k??p`g?rzh")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F., cut throat.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>Any position

giving the enemy such advantage that the troops occupying it must

either surrender or be cut to pieces.</def>



<au>Farrow.</au>



<hw>Cou"ple</hw> <pr>(k?p"'l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>couple</ets>, fr. L. <ets>copula</ets> a bond, band;

<ets>co-</ets> + <ets>apere</ets>, <ets>aptum</ets>, ti join. See

<er>Art</er>, <pos>a.</pos>, and cf.<er>Copula</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>That which joins or links two things together; a

bond or tie; a coupler.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>It is in some sort with friends as it is with dogs in

<qex>couples</qex>; <qex>they should be of the same size and

humor</qex>.</q>

<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>



<q>I'll go in <qex>couples</qex> with her.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Two of the same kind connected or considered

together; a pair; a brace. \'bdA <xex>couple</xex> of

shepherds.\'b8  <xex>Sir P</xex>. <xex>Sidney</xex>.  \'bdA

<xex>couple</xex> of drops\'b8 <xex>Adduson</xex>.  \'bdA

<xex>couple</xex> of miles.\'b8 <xex>Dickens</xex>. \'bdA

<xex>couple</xex> of weeks.\'b8 <xex>Carlyle</xex>.</def>



<q>Adding one to one we have the complex idea of a

<qex>couple</qex>.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<q>[Ziba] met him with a <qex>couple</qex> of asses saddled.</q>

<qau>2 Sam. xvi. 1.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A male and female associated together; esp., a

man and woman who are married or betrothed.</def>



<q>Such were our <qex>couple</qex>, man and wife.</q>

<qau>Lloyd.</qau>



<q>Fair <qex>couple</qex> linked in happy, nuptial league.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>See

<er>Couple-close</er>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>One of the pairs of plates of

two metals which compose a voltaic battery; -- called a

<xex>voltaic couple</xex> or <xex>galvanic couple</xex>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>Two rotations, movements,

etc., which are equal in amount but opposite in direction, and

acting along parallel lines or around parallel axes.</def>



<note><hand/ The effect of a <xex>couple</xex> of forces is to

produce a rotation. A <xex>couple</xex> of rotations is

equivalent to a motion of translation.</note>



<hw>Cou"ple</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Coupled</er> <pr>(k?p"'ld)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Coupling</er> <pr>(-l?ng)</pr>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[F. <ets>coupler</ets>, fr. L.  <ets>copulare</ets>. See

<er>Couple</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, and cf. <er>Copulate</er>,

<er>Cobble</er>, <ets>v</ets>. ]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To link or tie, as one thing to another; to

connect or fasten together; to join.</def>



<q>Huntsman, I charge thee, tender well my hounds, . . . 

And <qex>couple</qex> Clowder with the deep-mouthed brach.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To join in wedlock; to marry.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<q>A parson who <qex>couples</qex> all our beggars.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<hw>Cou"ple</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To come together as male

and female; to copulate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Milton. Bacon.</au>



<hw>Cou"ple-beg`gar</hw> <pr>(-b?g`g?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>One who makes it his business to marry beggars to each

other.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>Cou"ple-close`</hw> <pr>(k?p"?-kl?s`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl. <plw>Couple-closes</plw> (-kl<?/"s<?/z).</plu>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A diminutive of the chevron,

containing one fourth of its surface. Couple-closes are generally

borne one on each side of a chevron, and the  blazoning may then

be either a chevron between two couple-closes or chevron

cottised.</def>



<sn>2.</sn>  <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A pair of rafters framed

together with a tie fixed at their feet, or with a collar

beam.</def> <mark>[Engl.]</mark>



<hw>Cou"ple*ment</hw> <pr>(k?p"'l-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos>  <ety>[Cf. OF.  <ets>couplement</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Union; combination; a coupling; a pair.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>And forth together rode, a goodly <qex>couplement</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Coup"ler</hw> <pr>(k?p"l?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

couples; that which couples, as a link, ring, or shackle, to

connect cars.</def>



<cs><col>Coupler of an organ</col>, <cd>a contrivance by which

any two or more of the ranks of keys, or keys and pedals, are

connected so as to act together when the organ is

played.</cd></cs>



<hw>Coup"let</hw> <pr>(-l?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. 

<ets>couplet</ets>, dim. of <ets>couple</ets>.  See

<er>Couple</er>, <pos>n.</pos> ]</ety> <def>Two taken together; a

pair or couple; especially two lines of verse that rhyme with

each other.</def>



<q>A sudden <qex>couplet</qex> rushes on your mind.</q>

<qau>Crabbe.</qau>



<hw>Coup"ling</hw> <pr>(-l?ng)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of bringing or coming together; connection; sexual

union.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A device or contrivance which

serves to couple or connect adjacent parts or objects; <as>as, a

belt <ex>coupling</ex>, which connects the ends of a belt; a car

<ex>coupling</ex>, which connects the cars in a train; a shaft

<ex>coupling</ex>, which connects the ends of shafts.</as></def>



<cs><mcol><col>Box coupling</col>, <col>Chain

coupling</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Box</er>, Chain.</cd> --

<col>Coupling box</col>, <cd>a coupling shaped like a journal

box, for clamping together the ends of two shafts, so that they

may revolve together.</cd> -- <col>Coupling pin</col>, <cd>a pin

or bolt used in coupling or joining together railroad cars,

etc.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cou"pon</hw> <pr>(k??"p?n; F. k??`p?n")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F., fr.  <ets>couper</ets> to cut, cut off. See

<er>Coppice</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>A

certificate of interest due, printed at the bottom of

transferable bonds (state, railroad, etc.), given for a term of

years, designed to be cut off and presented for payment when the

interest is due; an interest warrant.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A section of a ticket, showing the holder to be

entitled to some specified accomodation or service, as to a

passage over a designated line of travel, a particular seat in a

theater, or the like.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cou*pure"</hw> <pr>(k??-p?r")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F., fr. <ets>couper</ets> to cut.]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld>

<def>A passage cut through the glacis to facilitate sallies by

the besieged.</def>



<au>Wilhelm.</au>



<hw>Cour"age</hw> <pr>(k?r"?j;48)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. 

<ets>corage</ets> heart, mind, will, courage, OF.

<ets>corage</ets>, F.  <ets>courage</ets>, fr. a LL. derivative

of L. <ets>cor</ets> heart. See <er>Heart</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The heart; spirit; temper; disposition.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>So priketh hem nature in here <qex>corages</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<q>My lord, cheer up your spirits; our foes are nigh,

and this soft <qex>courage</qex> makes your followers faint.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Heart; inclination; desire; will.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<q>I'd such a <qex>courage</qex> to do him good.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>That quality of mind which enables one to

encounter danger and difficulties with firmness, or without fear,

or fainting of heart; valor; boldness; resolution.</def>



<q>The king-becoming graces . . . 

Devotion, patience, <qex>courage</qex>, fortitude,

I have no relish of them.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q><qex>Courage</qex> that grows from constitution often forsakes

a man when he has occasion for it.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Heroism; bravery; intrepidity; valor; gallantry;

daring; firmness; hardihood; boldness; dauntlessness;

resolution.</syn> <usage> See <er>Heroism</er>. --

<er>Courage</er>, <er>Bravery</er>, <er>Fortitude</er>,

<er>Intrepidity</er>, <er>Gallantry</er>, <er>Valor</er>.

<xex>Courage</xex> is that firmness of spirit and swell of soul

which meets danger without fear. <xex>Bravery</xex> is daring and

impetuous courage, like that of one who has the reward

continually in view, and displays his courage in daring acts. 

<xex>Fortitude</xex> has often been styled \'bdpassive

courage,\'b8 and consist in the habit of encountering danger and

enduring pain with a steadfast and unbroken spirit.

<xex>Valor</xex> is courage exhibited in war, and can not be

applied to single combats; it is never used figuratively.

<xex>Intrepidity</xex> is firm, unshaken courage.

<xex>Gallantry</xex> is adventurous courage, which courts danger

with a high and cheerful spirit. A man may show

<xex>courage</xex>, <xex>fortitude</xex>, or

<xex>intrepidity</xex> in the common pursuits of life, as well as

in war. <xex>Valor</xex>, <xex>bravery</xex>, and

<xex>gallantry</xex> are displayed in the contest of arms.

<xex>Valor</xex> belongs only to battle; <xex>bravery</xex> may

be shown in single combat; <xex>gallantry</xex> may be manifested

either in attack or defense; but in the latter ease, the defense

is usually turned into an attack.</usage>



<hw>Cou"age</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To inspire with

courage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Paul writeth unto Timothy . . . to <qex>courage</qex> him.</q>

<qau>Tyndale.</qau>



<hw>Cour*a"geous</hw> <pr>(k?r-?"j?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[F. <ets>courageux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Possessing, or

characterized by, courage; brave; bold.</def>



<q>With this victory, the women became most <qex>courageous</qex>

and proud, and the men waxed . . . fearful and desperate.</q>

<qau>Stow.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Gallant; brave; bold; daring; valiant; valorous;

heroic; intrepid; fearless; hardy; stout; adventurous;

enterprising. See <er>Gallant</er>.</syn>



<hw>Cour*a"geous*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a courageous

manner.</def>



<hw>Cour*a"geous*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of

being courageous; courage.</def>



<hw>Cou*rant"</hw> <pr>(k??-r?nt")</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.,

p. pr. of <ets>courir</ets> to run, L.  <ets>currere</ets>. Cf.

<er>Current</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Represented as

running; -- said of a beast borne in a coat of arms.</def>



<hw>Cou*rant"</hw> <pr>(k??-r?nt")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. 

<ets>courante</ets>, fr.  <ets>courant</ets>, <pos>p.

pr.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A piece of music in triple

time; also, a lively dance; a coranto.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A circulating gazette of news; a

newspaper.</def>



<hw>Cou*ran"to</hw> <pr>(-r?n"t?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

sprightly dance; a coranto; a courant.</def>



<hw>Cou*rap"</hw> <pr>(k??-r?p)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A skin disease, common in India, in which

there is perpetual itching and eruption, esp. of the groin,

breast, armpits, and face.</def>



<hw>Courb</hw> <pr>(k??rb)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F. 

<ets>courbe</ets>, fr. L.  <ets>curvus</ets>. See <er>Curve</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>Curved; rounded.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Her neck is short, her shoulders <qex>courb</qex>.</q>

<qau>Gower.</qau>



<hw>Courb</hw> <pr>(k??rb)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[F. 

<ets>courber</ets>. See <er>Curs</er>.]</ety> <def>To bend; to

stop; to bow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Then I <qex>courbed</qex> on my knees.</q>

<qau>Piers Plowman.</qau>



<hw>Cour"ba*ril</hw> <pr>(k??r"b?-r?l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F. <ets>courbaril</ets>, from a South American word.]</ety>

<def>See <er>Anim\'82</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def>



<hw>Courche</hw> <pr>(k??rsh)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Kerchief</er>.]</ety> <def>A square piece of linen used

formerly by women instead of a cap; a kerchief.</def>

<mark>[Scot.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>curch</asp>.]</altsp>



<au>Jamieson.</au>



<hw>Cou"ri*er</hw> <pr>(k??"r?-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>courrier</ets>, fr. <ets>courre</ets>, <ets>courir</ets>, to

run, L.  <ets>currere</ets>. See <er>Course</er>,

<er>Current</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A messenger sent with

haste to convey letters or dispatches, usually on public

busuness.</def>



<q>The wary Bassa . . . by speedy <qex>couriers</qex>, advertised

Solyman of the enemy's purpose.</q>

<qau>Knolles.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An attendant on travelers, whose business it is

to make arrangements for their convenience at hotels and on the

way.</def>



<hw>Cour"lan</hw> <pr>(k??r"l?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A South American bird, of the genus

<spn>Aramus</spn>, allied to the rails.</def>



<hw>Course</hw> <pr>(k?rs)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>cours</ets>, <ets>course</ets>, L.  cursus, fr.

<ets>currere</ets> to run. See <er>Current</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of moving from one point to another;

progress; passage.</def>



<q>And when we had finished our <qex>course</qex> from Tyre, we

came to Ptolemais.</q>

<qau>Acts xxi. 7.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>THe ground or path traversed; track; way.</def>



<q>The same horse also run the round <qex>course</qex> at

Newmarket.</q>

<qau>Pennant.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Motion, considered as to its general or

resultant direction or to its goal; line progress or

advance.</def>



<q>A light by which the Argive squadron steers

Their silent <qex>course</qex> to Ilium's well known shore.</q>

<qau>Dennham.</qau>



<q>Westward the <qex>course</qex> of empire takes its way.</q>

<qau>Berkeley.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Progress from point to point without change of

direction; any part of a progress from one place to another,

which is in a straight line, or on one direction; <as>as, a ship

in a long voyage makes many <ex>courses</ex>; a <ex>course</ex>

measured by a surveyor between two stations</as>; also, a

progress without interruption or rest; a heat; <as>as, one

<ex>course</ex> of a race</as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Motion considered with reference to manner; or

derly progress; procedure in a certain line of thought or action;

<as>as, the <ex>course</ex> of an argument</as>.</def>



<q>The <qex>course</qex> of true love never did run smooth.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Customary or established sequence of evants; re

currence of events according to natural laws.</def>



<q>By <qex>course</qex> of nature and of law.</q>

<qau>Davies.</qau>



<q>Day and night,

Seedtime and harvest, heat and hoary frost,

Shall hold their <qex>course</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Method of procedure; manner or way of

conducting; conduct; behavior.</def>



<q>My lord of York commends the plot and the general

<qex>course</qex> of the action.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>By perseverance in the <qex>course</qex> prescribed.</q>

<qau>Wodsworth.</qau>



<q>You hold your <qex>course</qex> without remorse.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>A series of motions or acts arranged in order; a

succession of acts or practices connectedly followed; <as>as, a

<ex>course</ex> of medicine; a <ex>course</ex> of lectures on

chemistry.</as></def>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>The succession of one to another in office or

duty; order; turn.</def>



<q>He appointed . . . the <qex>courses</qex> of the priests</q>

<qau>2 Chron. viii. 14.</qau>



<sn>10.</sn> <def>That part of a meal served at one time, with

its accompaniments.</def>



<q>He [Goldsmith] wore fine clothes, gave dinners of several

<qex>courses</qex>, paid court to venal beauties.</q>

<qau>Macualay.</qau>



<sn>11.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A continuous level range of

brick or stones of the same height throughout the face or faces

of a building.</def>



<au>Gwilt.</au>



<sn>12.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The lowest sail on any mast

of a square-rigged vessel; <as>as, the fore <ex>course</ex>, main

<ex>course</ex>, etc.</as></def>



<sn>13.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The

menses.</def>



<cs><col>In course</col>, <cd>in regular succession.</cd> --

<col>Of course</col>, <cd>by consequence; as a matter of course;

in regular or natural order.</cd> -- <col>In the course of</col>,

<cd>at same time or times during. \'bd<xex>In the course of</xex>

human events.\'b8</cd></cs>



<au>T. Jefferson.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Way; road; route; passage; race; series; succession;

manner; method; mode; career; progress.</syn>



<hw>Course</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Coursed</er> <pr>(k?rst)</pr>); <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Coursing</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To run,

hunt, or chase after; to follow hard upon; to pursue.</def>



<q>We <qex>coursed</qex> him at the heels.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cause to chase after or pursue game; <as>as,

to <ex>course</ex> greyhounds after deer</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To run through or over.</def>



<q>The bounding steed <qex>courses</qex> the dusty plain.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<hw>Course</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To run as in a

race, or in hunting; to pursue the sport of coursing; <as>as, the

sportsmen <ex>coursed</ex> over the flats of

Lancashire</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To move with speed; to race; <as>as, the blood

<ex>courses</ex> through the veins</as>.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Coursed</hw> <pr>(k?rst)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Hunted; <as>as, a <ex>coursed</ex> hare</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Arranged in courses; <as>as, <ex>coursed</ex>

masonry</as>.</def>



<hw>Cours"er</hw> <pr>(k?rs"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. 

<ets>coursier</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who courses or

hunts.</def>



<q> leash is a leathern thong by which . . . a <qex>courser</qex>

leads his greyhound.</q>



<au>Hanmer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A swift or spirited horse; a racer or a war

horse; a charger.</def> <mark>[Poetic.]</mark>



<au>Pope.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A grallatorial bird of

Europe <spn>(Cursorius cursor)</spn>, remarkable for its speed in

running. Sometimes, in a wider sense, applied to running birds of

the Ostrich family.</def>



<hw>Cour"sey</hw> <pr>(k?r"s?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF. 

<ets>corsie</ets>, <ets>coursie</ets>, passage way to the stern.

See <er>Course</er>, <pos>n.</pos> ]</ety>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld><def>A space in the galley; a part of the

hatches.</def>



<au>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</au>



<-- p. 335 -->

<-- missing "of" (after running) in original? -->

<hw>Cours"ing</hw> <pr>(k?rs"?ng)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

pursuit or running game with dogs that follow by sight instead of

by scent.</def>



<q>In <qex>coursing</qex> of a deer, or hart, with

greyhounds.</q>

<qau>Bacon</qau>



<hw>Court</hw> <pr>(k?rt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. 

<ets>court</ets>, <ets>curt</ets>, <ets>cort</ets>, F.

<ets>co<?/r</ets>, LL.  <ets>cortis</ets>, fr. L. 

<ets>cohors</ets>, <ets>cors</ets>, <ets>chors</ets>, gen. 

<ets>cohortis</ets>, <ets>cortis</ets>, <ets>chortis</ets>, an

inclosure, court, thing inclosed, crowd, throng; <ets>co-</ets> +

a root akin to Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ inclosure, feeding place, and to

E.  <ets>garden</ets>, <ets>yard</ets>, <ets>orchard</ets>. See

<er>Yard</er>, and cf. <er>Cohort</er>, <er>Curtain</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>An inclosed space; a courtyard; an uncovered

area shut in by the walls of a building, or by different

building; also, a space opening from a street and nearly

surrounded by houses; a blind alley.</def>



<q>The <qex>courts</qex> the house of our God.</q>

<qau>Ps. cxxxv. 2.</qau>



<q>And round the cool green <qex>courts</qex> there ran a row

Cf cloisters.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<q>Goldsmith took a garret in a miserable <qex>court</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macualay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The residence of a sovereign, prince, nobleman,

or ether dignitary; a palace.</def>



<q>Attends the emperor in his royal <qex>court</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>This our <qex>court</qex>, infected with their manners,

Shows like a riotous inn.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The collective body of persons composing the

retinue of a sovereign or person high in aithority; all the

surroundings of a sovereign in his regal state.</def>



<q>My lord, there is a nobleman of the <qex>court</qex> at door

would speak with you.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Love rules the <qex>court</qex>, the camp, the grove.</q>

<qau>Sir. W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Any formal assembling of the retinue of a

sovereign; <as>as, to hold a <ex>court</ex></as>.</def>



<q>The princesses held their <qex>court</qex> within the

fortres.</q>

<qau>Macualay.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Attention directed to a person in power; conduct

or address designed to gain favor; courtliness of manners;

civility; compliment; flattery.</def>



<q>No solace could her paramour intreat

Her once to show, ne <qex>court</qex>, nor dalliance.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<q>I went to make my <qex>court</qex> to the Dike and Duches of

Newcastle.</q>

<qau>Evelyn.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The hall, chamber,

or place, where justice is administered.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>The persons officially assembled under authority of law, at

the appropriate time and place, for the administration of

justice; an official assembly, legally met together for the

transaction of judicial business; a judge or judges sitting for

the hearing or trial of causes.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A

tribunal established for the administration of justice.</def>

<sd>(d)</sd> <def>The judge or judges; as distinguished from the

counsel or jury, or both.</def>



<q>Most heartily I do beseech the <qex>court</qex>

To give the judgment.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>The session of a judicial assembly.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>Any jurisdiction, civil, military, or

ecclesiastical.</def>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>A place arranged for playing the game of tennis;

also, one of the divisions of a tennis court.</def>



<cs><col>Christian court</col>, <cd>the English ecclesiastical

courts in the aggregate, or any one of them.</cd> -- <col>Court

breeding</col>, <cd>education acquired at court.</cd> --

<col>Court card</col>. <cd>Same as <cref>Coat card</cref>.</cd>

-- <col>Court circular</col>, <cd>one or more paragraphs of news

respecting the sovereign and the royal family, together with the

proceedings or movements of the court generally, supplied to the

newspapers by an officer specially charged with such duty.

<mark>[Eng.]</mark> <au>Edwards</au>.</cd> -- <col>Court

day</col>, <cd>a day on which a court sits to administer

justice.</cd> -- <col>Court dress</col>, <cd>the dress prescribed

for appearance at the court of a sovereign.</cd> -- <col>Court

fool</col>, <cd>a buffoon or jester, formerly kept by princes and

nobles for their amusement.</cd> -- <col>Court guide</col>, <cd>a

directory of the names and adresses of the nobility and gentry in

a town.</cd> -- <col>Court hand</col>, <cd>the hand or manner of

writing used in records and judicial proceedings.

<au>Shak</au>.</cd> -- <col>Court lands</col> <fld>(Eng.

Law)</fld>, <cd>lands kept in demesne, -- that is, for the use of

the lord and his family.</cd> -- <col>Court marshal</col>,

<cd>one who acts as marshal for a court.</cd> -- <col>Court

party</col>, <cd>a party attached to the court.</cd> --

<col>Court rolls</col>, <cd>the records of a court.

See<er>Roll</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Court in banc</col>, <or/ 

<col>Court in bank</col></mcol>, <cd>The full court sitting at

its regular terms for the hearing of arguments upon questions of

law, as distinguished from a sitting at <xex>nisi

prius</xex>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Court of Arches</col>,

<col>audience</col></mcol>, etc. <cd>See under <er>Arches</er>,

<er>Audience</er>, <it>etc.</it></cd> -- <col>Court of

Chancery</col>. <cd>See <er>Chancery</er>, <pos>n.</pos></cd> --

<col>Court of Common pleas</col>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <cd>See

<cref>Common pleas</cref>, under <er>Common</er>.</cd> --

<col>Court of Equity</col>. <cd>See under <er>Equity</er>, and

<er>Chancery</er>.</cd> -- <col>Court of Inquiry</col>

<fld>(Mil.)</fld> <cd>, a court appointed to inquire into and

report on some military matter, as the conduct of an

officer.</cd> -- <col>Court of St. James</col>, <cd>the usual

designation of the British Court; -- so called from the old

palace of St. James, which is used for the royal receptions,

levees, and drawing-rooms.</cd> -- <col>The court of the

Lord</col>, <cd>the temple at Jerusalem; hence, a church, or

Christian house of worship.</cd> -- <col>General Court</col>,

<cd>the legislature of a State; -- so called from having had, in

the colonial days, judical power; as, the <xex>General

Court</xex> of Massachusetts.</cd> <mark>[U.S.]</mark> -- <col>To

pay one's court</col>, <cd>to seek to gain favor by attentions.

\'bdAlcibiades was assiduous in <xex>paying his</xex>

<er>court</er> to Tissaphernes.\'b8 <au>Jowett</au>.</cd> --

<col>To put out of court</col>, <cd>to refuse further judicial

hearing.</cd></cs>



<hw>Court</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Courted</er>; <pos>p. pr.  & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Courting</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To endeavor to

gain the favor of by attention or flattery; to try to ingratiate

one's self with.</def>



<q>By one person, hovever, Portland was still assiduously

<qex>courted</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macualay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To endeavor to gain the affections of; to seek

in marriage; to woo.</def>



<q>If either of you both love Katharina . . . 

leave shall you have to <qex>court</qex> her at your

pleasure.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To attempt to gain; to solicit; to seek.</def>



<q>They might almost seem to have <qex>courted</qex> the crown of

martyrdem.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<q>Guilt and misery . . . <qex>court</qex> privacy and

silitude.</q>

<qau>De Quincey.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To invite by attractions; to allure; to

attract.</def>



<q>A well-worn pathway <qex>courted</qex> us

To one green wicket in a privet hedge.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Court</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To play the

lover; to woo; <as>as, to go <ex>courting</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Court"-bar`on</hw> <pr>(-b?r`?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An inferior court of civil jurisdiction,

attached to a manor, and held by the steward; a baron's court; --

now fallen into disuse.</def>



<hw>Court"bred`</hw> <pr>(-br?d`)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Bred,

or educated, at court; polished; courtly.</def>



<hw>Court"-craft`</hw> <pr>(k?rt"kr?ft`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>The artifices, intrigues, and plottings, at courts.</def>



<hw>Court"-cup`board</hw> <pr>(-k?b`b?rd)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>A movable sideboard or buffet, on which plate and other

articles of luxury were displayed on special ocasions.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A way with the joint stools, remove the

<qex>court-cupboard</qex>, look to the plate.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Cour"te*ous</hw> <pr>(k?r"t?-?s; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[OE.  <ets>cortais</ets>, <ets>corteis</ets>,

<ets>cortois</ets>, rarely <ets>corteous</ets>, OF.

<ets>corties</ets>, <ets>corteis</ets>, F. <ets>courtois</ets>.

See <er>Court</er>.]</ety> <def>Of courtlike manners; pertaining

to, or exxpressive of, courtesy; characterized by courtesy;

civil; obliging; well bred; polite; affable; complaisant.</def>



<q>A patient and <qex>courteous</qex> bearing.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<q>His behavior toward his people is grave and

<qex>courteous</qex>.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<hw>Cour"te*ous*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a courteous

manner.</def>



<hw>Cour"te*ous*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of

being courteous; politeness; courtesy.</def>



<hw>Cour"te*py</hw> <pr>(k??r"t?-p?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D. 

<ets>kort</ets> short + <ets>pije</ets> a coarse cloth.]</ety>

<def>A short coat of coarse cloth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Full threadbare was his overeste <qex>courtepy</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>Court"er</hw> <pr>(k?rt"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

courts; one who plays the lover, or who solicits in marriage; one

who flatters and cajoles.</def>



<au>Sherwood.</au>



<hw>Cour"te*san</hw> <pr>(k?r"t?-z?n; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.  <ets>courtisane</ets>, fr. <ets>courtisan</ets>

courtier, It.  <ets>cortigiano</ets>; or directly fr. It. 

<ets>cortigiana</ets>, or Sp.  <ets>cortesana</ets>. See

<er>Court</er>.]</ety> <def>A woman who prostitutes herself for

hire; a prostitute; a harlot.</def>



<q>Lasciviously decked like a <qex>courtesan</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir H. Wotton.</qau>



<hw>Cour"te*san*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Harlotry.</def>



<hw>Cour"te*sy</hw> <pr>(k?r"t?-s?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Courtesies</plw> <pr>(-s<?/z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[OE.

<ets>cortaisie</ets>, <ets>corteisie</ets>, <ets>courtesie</ets>,

OF.  <ets>curteisie</ets>, <ets>cortoisie</ets>, OF.

<ets>curteisie</ets>, <ets>cortoisie</ets>, F.

<ets>courtoisie</ets>, fr.  <ets>curteis</ets>,

<ets>corteis</ets>.  See <er>Courteous</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Politeness; civility; urbanity; courtliness.</def>



<q>And trust thy honest-offered <qex>courtesy</qex>,

With oft is sooner found in lowly sheds,

With smoky rafters, than in tapestry walls

And courts of princes, where it first was named,

And yet is most pretended.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>Pardon me, Messer Claudio, if once more

I use the ancient <qex>courtesies</qex> of speech.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An act of civility or respect; an act of

kindness or favor performed with politeness.</def>



<q>My lord, for your many <qex>courtesies</qex> I thank you.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Favor or indulgence, as distinguished from

right; <as>as, a title given one by <ex>courtesy</ex></as>.</def>



<cs><col>Courtesy title</col>, <cd>a title assumed by a person,

or popularly conceded to him, to which he has no valid claim; as,

the <xex>courtesy title</xex> of <xex>Lord</xex> prefixed to the

names of the younger sons of noblemen.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Politiness; urbanity; civility; complaisance;

affability; courteousness; elegance; refinement; courtliness;

good breeding. See <er>Politeness</er>.</syn>



<hw>Courte"sy</hw> <pr>(k?rt"s?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

the preceding word.]</ety> <def>An act of civility, respect, or

reverence, made by women, consisting of a slight depression or

dropping of the body, with bending of the kness.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>curtsy</asp>.]</altsp>



<q>The lady drops a <qex>courtesy</qex> in token of obedience,

and the ceremony proceeds as usual.</q>

<qau>Golgsmith.</qau>



<hw>Courte"sy</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Courtesied</er> <pr>(-s?d)</pr>;; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Courtesyng</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make a

respectful salutation or movement of respect; esp. (with

reference to women), to bow the body slightly, with bending of

the knes.</def>



<hw>Courte"sy</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To treat with

civility.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Courte"house`</hw> <pr>(k?rt"hous`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A house in which established courts are held, or

a house appropriated to courts and public meetings.</def>

<mark>[U.S.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A county town; -- so called in Virginia and some

others of the Southern States.</def>



<q>Providence, the county town of Fairfax, is unknown by that

name, and passes as Fairfax <qex>Court House</qex>.</q>

<qau>Barlett.</qau>



<hw>Court"ier</hw> <pr>(k?rt"y?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Court</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who is in attendance

at the court of a prince; one who has an appointment at

court.</def>



<q>You know I am no <qex>courtier</qex>, nor versed in state

affairs.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<q>This <qex>courtier</qex> got a frigate, and that a

company.</q>

<qau>Macualay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who courts or solicits favor; one who

flatters.</def>



<q>There was not among all our princes a greater

<qex>courtier</qex> of the people than Richard III.</q>

<qau>Suckling.</qau>



<hw>Court"ier*y</hw> <pr>(-?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

manners of a courtier; courtliness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Court"-leet`</hw> <pr>(-l?t`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Eng.

Law)</fld> <def>A court of record held once a year, in a

particular hundred, lordship, or manor, before the steward of the

leet.</def>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<hw>Court"like`</hw> <pr>(-l?k`)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>After

the manner of a court; elegant; polite; courtly.</def>



<hw>Court"li*ness</hw> <pr>(-l?-n?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[From <er>Courtly</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being

courtly; elegance or dignity of manners.</def>



<hw>Court"ling</hw> <pr>(-l?ng)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Court</ets> +  <ets>-ling</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

sycophantic courtier.</def>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Court"ly</hw> <pr>(-l?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Court</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Relating or belonging to

a court.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Elegant; polite; courtlike; flattering.</def>



<q>In <qex>courtly</qex> company or at my beads.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Disposed to favor the great; favoring the policy

or party of the court; obsequious.</def>



<au>Macualay.</au>



<hw>Court"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In the manner of courts;

politely; gracefully; elegantly.</def>



<q>They can produce nothing so <qex>courtly</qex> writ.</q>

<qau>Dryden</qau>



<hw>Court`-mar"tial</hw> <pr>(k?rt`m?r"sh<it>a</it>l)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Courts-martial</plw>

<pr>(k<?/rts`-)</pr>.</plu> <def>A court consisting of military

or naval officers, for the trial of one belonging to the army or

navy, or of offenses against military or naval law.</def>



<hw>Court`-mar"tial</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp.

& p. p.</pos> <er>Court-martialed</er>

<pr>(-sh<it>a</it>ld)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Court-martialing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To subject to trial

by a court-martial.</def>



<hw>Court"-plas`ter</hw> <pr>(k?rt"pl?s`t?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Sticking plaster made by coating taffeta or silk on one side

with some adhesive substance, commonly a mixture of isinglass and

glycerin.</def>



<hw>Court"ship</hw> <pr>(k?rt"sh?p)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of paying court, with the intent to

solicit a favor.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of wooing in love; solicitation of woman

to marriage.</def>



<q>This method of <qex>courtship</qex>, [by which] both sides are

prepared for all the matrimonial adventures that are to

follow.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Courtliness; elegance of manners;

courtesy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Trim gallants, full of <qex>courtship</qex> and of state.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Court policy; the character of a courtier;

artifice of a court; court-craft; finesse.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>She [the Queen] being composed of <qex>courtship</qex> and

Popery.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<hw>Court" ten"nis</hw> <pr>(k?rt" t?n"n?s)</pr>. <def>See under

<er>Tennis</er>.</def>



<hw>Court"yard</hw> <pr>(k?rt"y?rd`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

court or inclosure attached to a house.</def>



<hw>Cous"cous`</hw> <pr>(k??s"k??s`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

kind of food used by the natives of Western Africa, made of

millet flour with flesh, and leaves of the baobab; -- called also

<altname>lalo</altname>.</def>



<hw>Cous`cou*sou"</hw> <pr>(k??s`k??-s??")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>A favorite dish in Barbary. See <er>Couscous</er>.</def>



<hw>Cous"in</hw> <pr>(k?z"'n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>cousin</ets>, LL. <ets>cosinus</ets>, <ets>cusinus</ets>,

contr. from L.  <ets>consobrinus</ets> the child of a mother's

sister, cousin; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>sobrinus</ets> a cousin by

the mother's side, a form derived fr. <ets>soror</ets>

(for<ets>sosor</ets>) sister. See <er>Sister</er>, and cf.

<er>Cozen</er>, <er>Coz</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

collaterally related more remotely than a brother or sister;

especially, the son or daughter of an uncle or aunt.</def>



<note><hand/ The children of brothers and sisters are usually

denominated <xex>first cousins</xex>, or

<xex>cousins-german</xex>. In the second generation, they are

called <xex>second cousins</xex>. See <er>Cater-cousin</er>, and

<er>Quater-cousin</er>.</note>



<q>Thou art, great lord, my father's sister's son,

A <qex>cousin-german</qex> to great Priam's seed.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A title formerly given by a king to a nobleman,

particularly to those of the council. In English writs, etc.,

issued by the crown, it signifies any earl.</def>



<q>My noble lords and <qex>cousins</qex>, all, good morrow.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Cous"in</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Allied; akin.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Cous"in*age</hw> <pr>(-?j)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. 

<ets>cousinage</ets>, OF., also, <ets>cosinage</ets>. Cf.

<er>Cosinage</er>, <er>Cozenage</er>.]</ety> <def>Relationship;

kinship.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Wyclif.</au>



<hw>Cous"in-ger"man</hw> <pr>(-j?r"m<it>a</it>n)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Cousin</ets> + <ets>german</ets> closely

akin.]</ety> <def>A first cousin. See Note under <er>Cousin</er>,

1.</def>



<hw>Cous"in*hood</hw> <pr>(-h??d)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

state or condition of a cousin; also, the collective body of

cousins; kinsfolk.</def>



<hw>Cous"in*ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like or becoming a

cousin.</def>



<hw>Cous"in*ry</hw> <pr>(k?z"'n-r?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

body or collection of cousins; the whole number of persons who

stand in the relation of cousins to a given person or

persons.</def>



<hw>Cous"in*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The relationship of

cousins; state of being cousins; cousinhood.</def>



<au>G. Eliot.</au>



<hw>Cous"si*net`</hw> <pr>(k??s"s?-n?t`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F., dim. of <ets>coussin cushion</ets>. See

<er>Cushionet</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A

stone placed on the impost of a pier for receiving the first

stone of an arch.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>That part of the Ionic

capital between the abacus and quarter round, which forms the

volute.</def>



<au>Gwilt.</au>



<hw>Cou*teau"</hw> <pr>(k??-t?")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A knife; a dagger.</def>



<hw>Couth</hw> <pr>(k??th)</pr>, <pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <mord>of

<er>Can</er></mord>.  <ety>[See <er>Can</er>, and cf.

<er>Uncouth</er>.]</ety> <def>Could; was able; knew or known;

understood.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Above all other one Daniel

He loveth, for he <qex>couth</qex> well

Divine, that none other <qex>couth</qex>;

To him were all thing <qex>couth</qex>,

As he had it of God's grace.</q>

<qau>Gower.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Cou`vade"</hw> <pr>(k??`v?d")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F., fr. <ets>couver</ets>. See <er>Covey</er>.]</ety>

<def>A custom, among certain barbarous tribes, that when a woman

gives birth to a child her husband takes to his bed, as if

ill.</def>



<q>The world-wide custom of the <qex>couvade</qex>, where at

childbirth the husband undergoes medical treatment, in many cases

being put to bed for days.</q>

<qau>Tylor.</qau>



<hw>Co*va"ri*ant</hw> <pr>(k?-v?"r?-a]/>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Higher Alg.)</fld> <def>A function involving the

coefficients and the variables of a quantic, and such that when

the quantic is lineally transformed the same function of the new

variables and coefficients shall be equal to the old function

multiplied by a factor. An invariant is a like function involving

only the coefficients of the quantic.</def>



<hw>Cove</hw> <pr>(k?v)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. 

<ets>cofa</ets> room; akin to G.  <ets>koben</ets> pigsty, orig.,

hut, Icel <ets>kofi</ets> hut, and perh. to E.

<ets>cobalt</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A retired nook; especially, a small, sheltered

inlet, creek, or bay; a recess in the shore.</def>



<q>Vessels which were in readiness for him within secret

<qex>coves</qex> and nooks.</q>

<qau>Holland.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A strip of prairie extending into woodland;

also, a recess in the side of a mountain.</def>

<mark>[U.S.]</mark>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A concave

molding.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A member, whose section is a

concave curve, used especially with regard to an inner roof or

ceiling, as around a skylight.</def>



<hw>Cove</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Coved</er> <pr>(k?vd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Coving</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>To

arch over; to build in a hollow concave form; to make in the form

of a cove.</def>



<q>The mosques and other buildings of the Arabians are rounded

into domes and <qex>coved</qex> roofs.</q>

<qau>H. Swinburne.</qau>



<cs><col>Coved ceiling</col>, <cd>a ceiling, the part of which

next the wail is constructed in a cove.</cd> -- <col>Coved

vault</col>, <cd>a vault composed of four coves meeting in a

central point, and therefore the reverse of a groined

vault.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cove</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[CF. F.  <ets>couver</ets>,

It. <ets>covare</ets>. See <er>Covey</er>.]</ety> <def>To brood,

cover, over, or sit over, as birds their eggs.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Not being able to <qex>cove</qex> or sit upon them [eggs], she

[the female tortoise] bestoweth them in the gravel.</q>

<qau>Holland.</qau>



<hw>Cove</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[A gypsy word, <ets>covo</ets>

that man, <ets>covi</ets> that woman.]</ety> <def>A boy or man of

any age or station.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>



<q>There's a gentry <qex>cove</qex> here.</q>

<qau>Wit's Recreations (1654).</qau>



<q>Now, look to it, <qex>coves</qex>, that all the beef and drink

Be not filched from us.</q>

<qau>Mrs. Browning.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Co*vel"line</hw> <pr>(k?-v?l"l?n)</pr>,

<hw>Co*vel"lite</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(-l?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[After <ets>Covelli</ets>, the discoverer.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A native sulphide of copper, occuring in

masses of a dark blue color; -- hence called <xex>indigo

copper</xex>.</def>



<hw>Cov"e*na*ble</hw> <pr>(k?v"?-n?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[OF. <ets>covenable</ets>, F.  <ets>convenable</ets>. See

<er>Covenant</er>.]</ety> <def>Fit; proper; suitable.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdA <xex>covenable</xex> day.\'b8



<au>Wyclif (Mark vi. 21).</au>



<-- p. 336 -->



<hw>Cov"e*na*bly</hw> <pr>(k?v"?-n?-bly)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>Fitly; suitably.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdWell and

<xex>covenably</xex>.\'b8



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Cov"e*nant</hw> <pr>(k?v"?-n<it>a</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[OF. <ets>covenant</ets>, fr. F. & OF. <ets>convenir</ets>

to agree, L. <ets>convenire</ets>. See <er>Convene</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A mutual agreement of two or more persons or

parties, or one of the stipulations in such an agreement.</def>



<q>Then Jonathan and David made a <qex>covenant</qex>.</q>

<qau>1 Sam. xviiii. 3.</qau>



<q>Let there be <qex>covenants</qex> drawn between us.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>If we conclude a peace,

It shall be with such strict and severe <qex>covenants</qex>

As little shall the Frenchmen gain thereby.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>An agreement made by

the Scottish Parliament in 1638, and by the English Parliament in

1643, to preserve the reformed religion in Scotland, and to

extirpate popery and prelacy; -- usually called the \'bdSolemn

League and Covenant.\'b8</def>



<q>He [Wharton] was born in the days of the <qex>Covenant</qex>,

and was the heir of a covenanted house.</q>

<qau>Macualay.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>The promises of God as

revealed in the Scriptures, conditioned on certain terms on the

part of man, as obedience, repentance, faith, etc.</def>



<q>I will establish my <qex>covenant</qex> between me and thee

and thy seed after thee in their generations for an everlasting

<qex>covenant</qex>, to be a God unto thee, and to thy seed after

thee.</q>

<qau>Gen. xvii. 7.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A solemn compact between members of a church to

maintain its faith, discipline, etc.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An undertaking, on

sufficient consideration, in writing and under seal, to do or to

refrain from some act or thing; a contract; a stipulation; also,

the document or writing containing the terms of agreement.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A form of action for the violation of a promise

or contract under seal.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Agreement; contract; compact; bargain; arrangement;

stipulation.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Covenant</er>,

<er>Contract</er>, <er>Compact</er>, <er>Stipulation</er>. These

words all denote a mutual agreement between two parties. 

<xex>Covenant</xex> is frequently used in a religious sense; as,

the <xex>covenant</xex> of works or of grace; a church

<xex>covenant</xex>; the Solemn League and <xex>Covenant</xex>.

<xex>Contract</xex> is the word most used in the business of

life. Crabb and Taylor are wrong in saying that a

<xex>contract</xex> must always be in writing. There are oral and

implied <xex>contracts</xex> as well as written ones, and these

are equally enforced by law. In legal usage, the word

<xex>covenant</xex> has an important place as connected with

contracts. A <xex>compact</xex> is only a stronger and more

solemn contract. The term is chiefly applied to political

alliances. Thus, the old Confederation was a <xex>compact</xex>

between the States. Under the present Federal Constitution, no

individual State can, without consent of Congress, enter into a

<xex>compact</xex> with any other State or foreign power. A

<xex>stipulation</xex> is one of the articles or provisions of a

contract.</usage>



<hw>Cov"e*nant</hw> <pr>(k?v"?-n?nt)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Covenanted</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Covenanting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To

agree (with); to enter into a formal agreement; to bind one's

self by contract; to make a stipulation.</def>



<q>Jupiter <qex>covenanted</qex> with him, that it should be hot

or cold, wet or dry, . . . as the tenant should direct.</q>

<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>



<q>And they <qex>covenanted</qex> with him for thyrty pieces of

silver.</q>

<qau>Matt. xxvi. 15.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To agree; contract; bargain; stipulate.</syn>



<hw>Cov"e*nant</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To grant or promise by

covenant.</def>



<q>My covenant of peace that I <qex>covenanted</qex> with

you.</q>

<qau>Wyclif.</qau>



<hw>Cov`e*nan*tee"</hw> <pr>(k?v`?-n<it>a</it>n-t?")</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The person in whose favor a

covenant is made.</def>



<hw>Cov"e*nant*er</hw> <pr>(k?v"?-n?nt-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>One who makes a covenant.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One who subscribed and

defended the \'bdSolemn League and Covenant.\'b8 See

<er>Covenant</er>.</def>



<hw>Cov"e*nant*ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Belonging to a

covenant. Specifically, belonging to the Scotch

Covenanters.</def>



<q>Be they <qex>covenanting</qex> traitors,

Or the brood of false Argyle?</q>

<qau>Aytoun.</qau>



<hw>Cov"e*nant*or`</hw> <pr>(-?r`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The party who makes a covenant.</def>



<au>Burrill.</au>



<hw>Cov"e*nous</hw> <pr>(k?v"?-n?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See

<er>Covinous</er>, and <er>Covin</er>.</def>



<hw>Cov"ent</hw> <pr>(k?v"<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[OF. <ets>covent</ets>, F. <ets>couvent</ets>. See

<er>Convent</er>.]</ety> <def>A convent or monastery.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bale.</au>



<cs><col>Covent Garden</col>, <cd>a large square in London, so

called because originally it was the garden of a

monastery.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cov"en*try</hw> <pr>(k?v"<it>e</it>n-tr?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>A town in the county of Warwick, England.</def>



<cs><col>To send to Coventry</col>, <cd>to exclude from society;

to shut out from social intercourse, as for ungentlemanly

conduct.</cd> -- <col>Coventry blue</col>, <cd>blue thread of a

superior dye, made at Coventry, England, and used for

embroidery.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cov"er</hw> <pr>(k?v"?r)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Covered</er>

<pr>(-?rd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Covering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF.  <ets>covrir</ets>, F. 

<ets>couvrir</ets>, fr. L.  <ets>cooperire</ets>; <ets>co-  + 

operire</ets> to cover; probably fr.  <ets>ob</ets> towards, over

+ the root appearing in <ets>aperire</ets> to open. Cf.

<er>Aperient</er>, <er>Overt</er>, <er>Curfew</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To overspread the surface of (one thing) with

another; <as>as, to <ex>cover</ex> wood with paint or lacquer; to

<ex>cover</ex> a table with a cloth.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To envelop; to clothe, as with a mantle or

cloak.</def>



<q>And with the majesty of darkness round

<qex>Covers</qex> his throune.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>All that beauty than doth <qex>cover</qex> thee.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To invest (one's self <xex>with</xex>

something); to bring upon (one's self); <as>as, he

<ex>covered</ex> himself with glory</as>.</def>



<q>The powers that <qex>covered</qex> themselves with everlasting

infamy by the partition of Poland.</q>

<qau>Brougham.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To hide sight; to conceal; to cloak; <as>as, the

snemy were <ex>covered</ex> from our sight by the

woods</as>.</def>



<q>A cloud <qex>covered</qex> the mount.</q>

<qau>Exod. xxiv. 15.</qau>



<q>In vain shou striv'st to <qex>cover</qex> shame with

shame.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To brood or sit on; to incubate.</def>



<q>While the hen is <qex>covering</qex> her eggs, the male . . .

diverts her with his songs.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> To overwhelm; to spread over.



<q>The waters returned and <qex>covered</qex> the chariots and

the horsemen.</q>

<qau>Ex. xiv. 28.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>To shelter, as from evil or danger; to protect;

to defend; <as>as, the cavalry <ex>covered</ex> the

retreat</as>.</def>



<q>His calm and blameless life

Does with substantial blessedness abound,

And the soft wings of peace <qex>cover</qex> him round.</q>

<qau>Cowley.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>To remove from remembrance; to put away; to

remit.</def>\'bdBlessed is he whose is <xex>covered</xex>.\'b8



<au>Ps. xxxii. 1.</au>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>To extend over; to be sufficient for; to

comprehend, include, or embrace; to account for or solve; to

counterbalance; <as>as, a mortgage which fully <ex>covers</ex> a

sum loaned on it; a law which <ex>covers</ex> all possible cases

of a crime; receipts than do not <ex>cover</ex>

expenses.</as></def>



<sn>10.</sn> <def>To put the usual covering or headdress

on.</def>



<q><qex>Cover</qex> thy head . . . ; nay, prithee, be

<qex>covered</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>11.</sn> <def>To copulate with (a female); to serve; as. a

horse <xex>covers</xex> a mare; -- said of the male.</def>



<cs><col>To cover ground</col> <or/ <col>distance</col>, <cd>to

pass over; as, the rider <xex>covered the ground</xex> in an

hour. -- <col>To cover one's short contracts</col> <fld>(Stock

Exchange)</fld>, <cd>to buy stock when the market rises, as a

dealer who has sold short does in order to protect himself.</cd>

-- <col>Covering party</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a detachment

of troops sent for the protection of another detachment, as of

men working in the trenches.</cd> -- <col>To cover into</col>,

<cd>to transfer to; <as>as, <ex>to cover into</ex> the

treasury</as>.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- To shelter; screen; shield; hide; overspread.</syn>



<hw>Cov"er</hw> <pr>(k?v"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Anything which is laid, set, or spread, upon, about, or

over, another thing; an envelope; a lid; <as>as, the

<ex>cover</ex> of a book</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything which weils or conceals; a screen;

disguise; a cloack.</def> \'bdUnder <xex>cover</xex> of the

night.\'b8



<au> Macualay.</au>



<q>A hendsome <qex>cover</qex> for imperfections.</q>

<qau>Collier.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Shelter; protection; <as>as, the troops fought

under <ex>cover</ex> of the batteries; the woods afforded a good

<ex>cover</ex>.</as></def>



<q>Being compelled to lodge in the field . . . whilst his army

was under <qex>cover</qex>, they might be forced to retire.</q>

<qau>Clarendon.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Huntig)</fld> <def>The woods, underbrush, etc.,

which shelter and conceal game; covert; <as>as, to beat a

<ex>cover</ex>; to ride to <ex>cover</ex>.</as></def>



<sn>5.</sn> That portion of a slate, tile, or shingle, which is

hidden by the overlap of the course above.



<au>Knight.</au>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld> <def>The lap of a slide

valve.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>couvert</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

tablecloth, and the other table furniture; esp., the table

furniture for the use of one person at a meal; <as>as,

<ex>covers</ex> were laid for fifty guests</as>.</def>



<cs><col>To break cover</col>, <cd>to start from a covert or

lair; -- said of game.</cd> -- <col>Under cover</col>, <cd>in an

envelope, or within a letter; -- said of a written

message.</cd></cs>



<q>Letters . . . dispatched <qex>under cover</qex> to her

ladyship.</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



<hw>Cov"er</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To spread a table for a

meal; to prepare a banquet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Cov"er*chief</hw> <pr>(ch?f)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Kerchef</er>.]</ety> <def>A covering for the head.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Cov"er*cle</hw> <pr>(k?v"?r-k'l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[OF. <ets>covercle</ets>, F. <ets>couvercle</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>co\'94perculum</ets> fr. <ets>co\'94perire</ets>. See

<er>cover</er>] <def>A small cover; a lid.</def>

<mark>[>Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Cov"ered</hw> <pr>(k?v"?rd)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Under

cover; screened; sheltered; not exposed; hidden.</def>



<cs><col>Covered way</col> <fld>(Fort.)</fld>, <cd>a corridor or

banquette along the top of the counterscarp and covered by an

embankment whose slope forms the glacis. It gives the garrisonn

an open line of communication around the works, and a standing

place beyond the ditch. See <xex>Illust</xex>.  of

<er>Ravelin</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cov"er*er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, covers.</def>



<hw>Cov"er*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Anything which covers or

conceals, as a roof, a screen, a wrapper, clothing, etc.</def>



<q>Noah removed the <qex>covering</qex> of the ark.</q>

<qau>Gen. viii. 13.</qau>



<q>They cause the naked to lodge without clothing, that they have

no <qex>covering</qex> in the cold.</q>

<qau>Job. xxiv. 7.</qau>



<q>A <qex>covering</qex> over the well's mouth.</q>

<qau>2 Sam. xvii. 19.</qau>



<hw>Cov"er*let</hw> <pr>(k?v"?r-l?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. 

<ets>couvre-lit</ets>; <ets>couvrir</ets> to cover +

<ets>lit</ets> bed, fr. L.  <ets>lectus</ets> bed. See

<er>Cover</er>.]</ety> <def>The uppermost cover of a bed or of

any piece of furniture.</def>



<q>Lay her in lilies and in violets . . . 

And odored sheets and arras <qex>coverlets</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Cov"er*lid</hw> <pr>(-l?d)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

coverlet.</def>



<q>All the <qex>coverlid</qex> was clocth of gold.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Cov"er-point`</hw> <pr>(-point!)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

fielder in the games of cricket and lacrosse who supports

\'bdpoint.\'b8</def>



<hw>Co*versed" sine</hw> <pr>(k?-v?rst" s?n`)</pr>.

<ety>[<ets>Co-</ets> (=<ets>co-</ets> in <ets>co-</ets> sine) + 

<ets>versed sine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The versed

sine of the complement of an arc or angle. See <xex>Illust</xex>.

of <er>Functions</er>.</def>



<hw>Cov"er-shame`</hw> <pr>(-sh?m`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Something used to conceal infamy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Cov"ert</hw> <pr>(k?v"?rt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>covert</ets>, F.  <ets>couvert</ets>, p. p. of

<ets>couvrir</ets>. See <er>Cover</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Covered over; private; hid; secret;

disguised.</def>



<q>How <qex>covert</qex> matters may be best disclosed.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Whether of open war or <qex>covert</qex> guile.</q>

<qau>Milton</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Sheltered; not open or exposed; retired;

protected; <as>as, a <ex>covert</ex> nook</as>.</def>



<au> Wordsworth.</au>



<q>Of either side the green, to plant a <qex>covert</qex>

alley.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Under cover, authority or

protection; <as>as, a <ex>feme covert</ex>, a married woman who

is considered as being under the protection and control of her

husband</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Covert way</col>, <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <cd>See

<cref>Covered way</cref>, under <er>Covered</er>.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Hidden; secret; private; covered; disguised;

insidious; concealed. See <er>Hidden</er>.</syn>



<hw>Cov"ert</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. See <er>Covert</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A place that covers and

protects; a shelter; a defense.</def>



<q>A tabernacle . . . for a <qex>covert</qex> from storm.</q>

<qau>Is. iv. 6.</qau>



<q>The highwayman has darted from his <qex>covered</qex> by the

wayside.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>couverte</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the special feathers covering

the bases of the quills of the wings and tail of a bird. See

<xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Bird</er>.</def>



<hw>Cov"ert bar`on</hw> <pr>(b?r`?n)</pr>. <fld>(Law)</fld>

<def>Under the protection of a husband; married.</def>



<au>Burrill.</au>



<hw>Cov"ert*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Secretly; in private;

insidiously.</def>



<hw>Cov"ert*ness</hw> <pr>(k?v"?rt-n?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Secrecy; privacy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Cov"er*ture</hw> <pr>(k?v"?r-t?r; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[OF.  <ets>coverture</ets>,F.<ets>couverture</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Covering; shelter; defence; hiding.</def>



<q>Protected by walls or other like <qex>coverture</qex>.</q>

<qau>Woodward.</qau>



<q>Beatrice, who even now

Is couched in the woodbine <qex>coverture</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The condition of a woman during

marriage, because she is considered under the cover, influence,

power, and protection of her husband, and therefore called a

<xex>feme covert</xex>, or <xex>femme couverte</xex>.</def>



<hw>Cov"et</hw> <pr>(k?v"?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Covered</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Coveting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF.

<ets>coveitier</ets>, <ets>covoitier</ets>, F.

<ets>convoiter</ets>, from a derivative fr. L. <ets>cupere</ets>

to desire; cf. Skr.  <ets>kup</ets> to become excited. Cf. 

<er>Cupidity</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To wish for with eagerness; to desire possession

of; -- used in a good sen<?/.</def>



<q><qex>Covet</qex> earnestly the best gifts.</q>

<qau>1. Cor. xxii. 31.</qau>



<q>If it be a sin to <qex>covet</qex> honor,

I am the most offending soul alive.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To long for inordinately or unlawfully; to

hanker after (something forbidden).</def>



<q>Thou shalt not <qex>covet</qex> thy neighbor's house.</q>

<qau>Ex. xx. 17.</qau>



<hw>yn</hw><def>. -- To long for; desire; hanker after;

crave.</def>



<hw>Cov"et</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To have or indulge

inordinate desire.</def>



<q>Which [money] while some <qex>coveted</qex> after, they have

erred from the faith.</q>

<qau>1 Tim. vi. 10.</qau>



<hw>Cov"et*a*ble</hw> <pr>(k?v"?t-?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>That may be coveted; desirable.</def>



<hw>Cov"et*er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

covets.</def>



<hw>Cov"et*ise</hw> <pr>(-?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. 

<ets>coveitise</ets>, F.  <ets>convoitise</ets>. See

<er>Covet</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos> ]</ety> <def>Avarice.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Cov"et*ive*ness</hw> <pr>(-?v-)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Phren.)</fld> <def>Acquisitiveness.</def>



<hw>Cov"et*ous</hw> <pr>(k?v"?t-?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>coveitos</ets>, F.  <ets>convoiteux</ets>. See

<er>Covet</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Very

desirous; eager to obtain; -- used in a good sense.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q><qex>Covetous</qex> of wisdom and fair virtue.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q><qex>Covetous</qex> death bereaved us all,

To aggrandize one funeral.</q>

<qau>Emerson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Inordinately desirous; excessively eager to

obtain and possess (esp. money); avaricious; -- in a bad

sense.</def>



<q>The <qex>covetous</qex> person lives as if the world were

madealtogether for him, and not he for the world.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Avaricious; parsimonious; penurious; misrely;

niggardly. See <er>Avaricious</er>.</syn>



<hw>Cov"et*ous*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a covetous

manner.</def>



<hw>Cov"et*ous*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Strong

desire.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>When workmen strive to do better than well,

They do confound their skill in <qex>covetousness</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A strong or inordinate desire of obtaining and

possessing some supposed good; excessive desire for riches or

money; -- in a bad sense.</def>



<q><qex>Covetousness</qex>, by a greed of getting more, deprivess

itself of the true end of getting.</q>

<qau>Sprat.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Avarice; cupidity; eagerness.</syn>



<hw>Cov"ey</hw> <pr>(k?v"?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. 

<ets>cov<?/e</ets>, F.  <ets>couv<?/e</ets>, fr. 

<ets>cover</ets>, F.  <ets>couver</ets>, to sit or brood on, fr.

L.  <ets>cubare</ets> to lie down; cf. E.  <ets>incubate</ets>.

See <er>Cubit</er>, and cf.  <er>Cove</er> to brood.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A brood or hatch of birds; an old bird with her

brood of young; hence, a small flock or number of birds together;

-- said of game; <as>as, a <ex>covey</ex> of

partridges</as>.</def>



<au>Darwin.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A company; a bevy; <as>as, a <ex>covey</ex> of

girls</as>.</def>



<au>Addison.</au>



<hw>Cov"ey</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To brood; to

incubate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>[Tortoises]  <qex>covey</qex> a whole year before they

hatch.</q>

<qau>Holland.</qau>



<hw>Cov"ey</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A pantry.</def> <mark>[Prov.

Eng.]</mark>



<au>Parker.</au>



<hw>Cov"in</hw> <pr>(k?v"?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>covine</ets>, <ets>covaine</ets>, fr.  <ets>covenir</ets> to

agree. See <er>Covenant</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld>

<def>A collusive agreement between two or more persons to

prejudice a third.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Deceit; fraud; artifice.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Cov"in*ous</hw> <pr>(k?v"?n-?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Deceitful; collusive; fraudulent;

dishonest.</def>



<hw>Cow</hw> <pr>(kou)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Cowl</er> a hood.]</ety> <def>A chimney cap; a cowl</def>



<hw>Cow</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cows</plw> (kouz); old

pl.  <plw>Kine</plw> <pr>(k<?/n)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[OE.

<ets>cu</ets>, <ets>cou</ets>, AS.  <ets>c<?/</ets>; akin to D. 

<ets>koe</ets>, G. <ets>kuh</ets>, OHG. <ets>kuo</ets>, Icel.

<ets>k<?/r</ets>, Dan. & Sw.  <ets>ko</ets>, L.  <ets>bos</ets>

ox, cow, Gr. <?/<?/<?/. Skr. <ets>g<?/</ets>. <root/223. Cf. 

<er>Beef</er>, <er>Bovine</er>, <er>Bucolic</er>,

<er>Butter</er>, <er>Nylghau</er>.]</ety> 



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The mature <xex>female of bovine

animals</xex>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The female of certain large mammals, as whales,

seals, etc.</def>



<hw>Cow</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Cowed</er> <pr>(koud)</pr>;; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Cowing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Icel. 

<ets>kuga</ets>, Sw.  <ets>kufva</ets> to check, subdue, Dan. 

<ets>kue</ets>.  Cf. <er>Cuff</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>

<def>To depress with fear; to daunt the spirits or courage of; to

overawe.</def>



<q>To vanquish a people already <qex>cowed</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>THe French king was <qex>cowed</qex>.</q>

<qau>J. R. Green.</qau>



<hw>Cow</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. from same root as

<ets>cow</ets>, v.t.]</ety> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A wedge, or

brake, to check the motion of a machine or car; a chock.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Cow"age</hw> <pr>(kou1?j)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Cowhage</er>.</def>



<hw>Cow"an</hw> <pr>(kou"<it>a</it>n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. OF.  <ets>couillon</ets> a coward, a cullion.]</ety>

<def>One who works as a mason without having served a regular

apprenticeship.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark> <note>Among

Freemasons, it is a cant term for <xex>pretender</xex>,

<xex>interloper</xex>.</note>



<hw>Cow"ard</hw> <pr>(kou"?rd)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OF. 

<ets>couard</ets>, <ets>coard</ets>, <ets>coart</ets>,

<ets>n.</ets> and adj., F.  <ets>couard</ets>, fr. OF. 

<ets>coe</ets>, <ets>coue</ets>, tail, F.  <ets>queue</ets> (fr.

L.  <ets>coda</ets>, a form of <ets>cauda</ets> tail) +

<ets>-ard</ets>; orig., short-tailed, as an epithet of the hare,

or perh., turning tail, like a scared dog. Cf. <er>Cue</er>,

<er>Queue</er>, <er>Caudal</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Borne in the escutcheon with his tail

doubled between his legs; -- said of a lion.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Destitute of courage; timid; cowardly.</def>



<q>Fie, <qex>coward</qex> woman, and soft-hearted wretch.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Belonging to a coward; proceeding from, or

expressive of, base fear or timidity.</def>



<q>He raised the house with loud and <qex>coward</qex> cries.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Invading fears repel my <qex>coward</qex> joy.</q>

<qau>Proir.</qau>



<hw>Cow"ard</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A person who lacks courage;

a timid or pusillanimous person; a poltroon.</def>



<q>A fool is nauseous, but a <qex>coward</qex> worse.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Craven; poltroon; dastard.</syn>



<hw>Cow"ard</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make timoroys; to

frighten.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>That which <qex>cowardeth</qex> a man's heart.</q>

<qau>Foxe.</qau>



<hw>Cow"ard*ice</hw> <pr>(-?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>couardise</ets>, fr. <ets>couard</ets>. See

<er>Coward</er>.]</ety> <def>Want of courage to face danger;

extreme timidity; pusillanimity; base fear of danger or hurt;

lack of spirit.</def>



<q>The <qex>cowardice</qex> of doing wrong.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>Moderation was despised as <qex>cowardice</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macualay.</qau>



<-- p. 337 -->



<hw>Cow"ard*ie</hw> <pr>(kou"?rd-?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. 

<ets>couardie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Cowardice.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Cow"ard*ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Cowardly.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bd A base and a <xex>cowardish</xex>

mind.\'b8



<au>Robynson (More's Utopia).</au>



<hw>Cow"ard*ize</hw> <pr>(-<?/z)</pr>, <pos>v. t. </pos> <def>To

render cowardly</def>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>God . . . <qex>cowardizeth</qex> . . . insolent spirits.</q>

<qau>Bp. Hall.</qau>



<hw>Cow"ard*li*ness</hw> <pr>(-l?-n?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Cowardice.</def>



<hw>Cow"ard*ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Wanting

courage; basely or weakly timid or fearful; pusillanimous;

spiritless.</def>



<q>The <qex>cowardly</qex> rascals that ran from the battle.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Proceeding from fear of danger or other

consequences; befitting a coward; dastardly; base; <as>as,

<ex>cowardly</ex> malignity</as>.</def>



<au>Macualay.</au>



<q>The <qex>cowardly</qex> rashness of those who dare not look

danger in the face.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Timid; fearful; timorous; dastardly; pusillanimous;

recreant; craven; faint-hearted; chicken-hearted;

white-livered.</syn>



<hw>Cow"ard*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In the manner of a

coward.</def>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Cow"ard*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Cowardice.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Cow"bane`</hw> <pr>(kou"b?n`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A poisonous umbelliferous plant; in

England, the <xex>Cicuta virosa</xex>; in the United States, the

<xex>Cicuta maculata</xex> and the <xex>Archemora rigida</xex>.

See <er>Water hemlock</er>.</def>



<hw>Cow"ber`ry</hw> <pr>(-b?r`r?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Cowberries</plw> <pr>(-r<?/z)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

species of <spn>Vaccinium</spn> (<spn>V. Vitis-id</spn>), which

bears acid red berries which are sometimes used in cookery; --

locally called <xex>mountain cranberry</xex>.</def>



<hw>Cow"bird`</hw> <pr>(-b?rd`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The cow blackbird (<spn>Molothrus

ater</spn>), an American starling. Like the European cuckoo, it

builds no nest, but lays its eggs in the nests of other birds; --

so called because frequently associated with cattle.</def>



<hw>Cow"blakes`</hw> <pr>(-bl?ks`)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<def>Dried cow dung used as fuel.</def><mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<au>Simmonds.</au>



<hw>Cow"boy`</hw> <pr>(-boi`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A cattle herder; a drover; specifically, one of an

adventurous class of herders and drovers on the plains of the

Western and Southwestern United States.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One of the marauders who, in the Revolutionary

War infested the neutral ground between the American and British

lines, and committed depredations on the Americans.</def>



<hw>Cow"catxj`er</hw> <pr>(-k?ch`?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

strong inclined frame, usually of wrought-iron bars, in front of

a locomotive engine, for catching or throwing off obstructions on

a railway, as cattle; the pilot.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>



<hw>Cow"die</hw> <pr>(kou"d?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Kauri</er>.</def>



<hw>Cow"er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Cowered</er>

<pr>(-?rd)</pr>;<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Cowering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>kera</ets>

to doze, liequiet, Sw. <ets>kura</ets>, Dan.  <ets>kure</ets>, G. 

<ets>kauern</ets> to cower, W. <ets>cwrian</ets>.]</ety> <def>To

stoop by bending the knees; to crouch; to squat; hence, to quail;

to sink through fear.</def>



<q>Our dame sits <qex>cowering</qex> o'er a kitchen fire.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>Like falcons, <qex>cowering</qex> on the nest.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<hw>Cow"er</hw> <pr>(kou"?r)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

cherish with care.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Cow"fish`</hw> <pr>(-f?ch`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The grampus.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A California dolphin (<spn>Tursiops

Gillii</spn>).</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A marine plectognath fish

(<spn>Ostracoin quadricorne</spn>, and allied species), having

two projections, like horns, in front; -- called also

<altname>cuckold</altname>, <altname>coffer fish</altname>,

<altname>trunkfish</altname>.</def>



<hw>Cow"hage</hw> <pr>(kou"h?j)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

Hind. <ets>kaw<?/nch</ets>, <ets>ko<?/nch</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A leguminous climbing plant of the genus

<spn>Mucuna</spn>, having crooked pods covered with sharp hairs,

which stick to the fingers, causing intolerable itching. The

spicul\'91 are sometimes used in medicine as a mechanical

vermifuge.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>couhage</asp>,

<asp>cowage</asp>, and <asp>cowitch</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Cow"heart`ed</hw> <pr>(-h?rt`?d)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Cowardly.</def>



<q>The Lady Powis . . . patted him with her fan, and called him a

<qex>cowhearted</qex> fellow.</q>

<qau>R. North.</qau>



<hw>Cow"herd`</hw> <pr>(-h?rd`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>c<?/hyrde</ets>; <ets>c<?/</ets> cow + <ets>hyrde</ets> a

herder.]</ety> <def>One whose occupation is to tend cows.</def>



<hw>Cow"hide`</hw> <pr>(-h?d`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The hide of a cow.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Leather made of the hide of a cow.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A coarse whip made of untanned leather.</def>



<hw>Cow"hide`</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Cowhided</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Cowhiding</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To flog with a

cowhide.</def>



<hw>Cow"ish</hw> <pr>(kou"?sh)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Cow</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>Timorous; fearful;

cowardly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Cow"ish</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An

umbelliferous plant (<spn>Peucedanum Cous</spn>) with edible

tuberous roots, found in Oregon.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>cous</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Cow"itch</hw> <pr>(kou"?ch; 224)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See Cowhage.</def>



<hw>Cowl</hw> <pr>(koul)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS\'3e

<ets>cuhle</ets>, <ets>cugle</ets>, <ets>cugele</ets>; cf. dial.

G.  <ets>kogel</ets>, <ets>gugel</ets>, OF.  <ets>coule</ets>,

<ets>goule</ets>; all fr. LL.  <ets>cuculla</ets>,

<ets>cucullus</ets>, fr. L.  <ets>cucullus</ets> cap, hood; perh.

akin to <ets>celare</ets> to conceal, <ets>cella</ets> cell. Cf.

<er>Cucullate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A monk's hood; --

usually attached to the gown. The nname was also applied to the

hood and garment together.</def>



<q>What differ more, you cry, than crown and <qex>cowl</qex>?</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A cowl-shaped cap, commonly turning with the

wind, used to improve the draft of a chimney, ventilatingshaft,

etc.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A wire cap for the smokestack of a

locomotive.</def>



<hw>Cowl</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.  <ets>cuvele</ets>,

<ets>cuvel</ets>, dim. of F.  <ets>cuve</ets> tub, vat, fr. L. 

<ets>cupa</ets>. See <er>Cup</er>.]</ety> <def>A vessel carried

on a pole between two persons, for conveyance of water.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Cowled</hw> <pr>(kould)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Wearing a

cowl; hooded; <as>as, a <ex>cowled</ex> monk</as>.</def> \'bdThat

<xex>cowled</xex> churchman.\'b8



<au>Emerson.</au>



<hw>Cow"leech`</hw> <pr>(kou"l?ch`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[2d

<ets>cow + leech</ets> a physician.]</ety> <def>One who heals

disease of cows; a cow doctor.</def>



<hw>Cow"leech`ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Healing the distemper

of cows.</def>



<hw>Cow"lick`</hw> <pr>(-l?k`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A tuft of

hair turned up or awry (usually over the forehead), as if licked

by a cow.</def>



<hw>Cow"like`</hw> <pr>(-l?k`)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Resembling a cow.</def>



<q>With <qex>cowlike</qex> udders and with oxlike eyes.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<hw>Cowl"staff`</hw> <pr>(koul"st?f`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cowl</ets> a vessel + <ets>staff</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

staff or pole on which a vessel is supported between two

persons.</def>



<au>Suckling.</au>



<hw>Co`work"er</hw> <pr>(k?`w?rk"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

who works with another; a co<?/perator.</def>



<hw>Cow" pars`ley</hw> <pr>(kou` p?rs`l?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>An umbelliferous plant of the genus

<spn>Ch\'91rophyllum</spn> (<spn>C. temulum</spn> and <spn>C.

sylvestre</spn>).</def>



<hw>Cow" pars`nip</hw> <pr>(-n?p)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

coarse umbelliferous weed of the genus <spn>Heracleum</spn>

(<spn>H. sphondylium</spn> in England, and <spn>H. lanatum</spn>

in America).</def>



<hw>Cow"pea`</hw> <pr>(-p?`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The seed of

one or more leguminous plants of the genus <spn>Dolichos</spn>;

also, the plant itself. Many varieties are cultivated in the

southern part of the United States.</def>



<hw>Cow"per's glands`</hw> <pr>(kou"p?rz gl?ndz`)</pr>.

<ety>[After the discoverer, William <ets>Cowper</ets>, an English

surgeon.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Two small glands

discharging into the male urethra.</def>



<hw>Cow"-pi`lot</hw> <pr><fld>(kou1p?`l?t)/pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A handsomely banded, coral-reef fish,

of Florida and the West Indies (<spn>Pomacentrus

saxatilis</spn>); -- called also

<altname>mojarra</altname>.</def>



<hw>Cow"pock`</hw> <pr>(-p?k`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><def>See

<er>Cowpox</er>.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>Cow"pox`</hw> <pr>(--p?ks`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A pustular eruptive disease of the cow,

which, when communicated to the human system, as by vaccination,

protects from the smallpox; vaccinia; -- called also

<altname>kinepox</altname>, <altname>cowpock</altname>, and

<altname>kinepock</altname>.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>Cow"quake`</hw> <pr>(-kw?k`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants (<spn>Briza</spn>);

quaking grass.</def>



<hw>Cow"rie</hw> <pr>(-r?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Same as <er>Kauri</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cow"rie Cow"ry</hw> }</mhw> <pr>(kou"r?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cowries</plw>

<pr>(-r<?/z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[Hind.  <ets>kaur<?/</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A marine shell of the genus

<spn>Cypr\'91a</spn>.</def>



<note><hand/ There are numerous species, many of them ornamental.

Formerly <spn>C. moneta</spn> and several other species were

largely used as money in Africa and some other countries, and

they are still so used to some extent. The value is always

trifling, and varies at different places.</note>



<hw>Cow"slip`</hw> <pr>(-sl?p`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. 

<ets>c<?/slyppe</ets>, <ets>c<?/sloppe</ets>, prob. orig., cow's

droppings. Cf. <er>Slop</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A common flower in England

(<spn>Primula veris</spn>) having yellow blossoms and appearing

in early spring. It is often cultivated in the United

States.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In the United States, the marsh marigold

(<spn>Caltha palustris</spn>), appearing in wet places in early

spring and often used as a pot herb. It is nearer to a buttercup

than to a true cowslip. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Marsh

marigold</er>.</def>



<cs><col>American cowslip</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a pretty

flower of the West (<spn>Dodecatheon Meadia</spn>), belonging to

the same order (<spn>Primulace\'91</spn>) with the English

cowslip.</cd> -- <col>French cowslip</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,

<cd>bear's-ear (<spn>Primula Auricula</spn>).</cd></cs>



<hw>Cow"slipped`</hw> <pr>(-sl?pt`)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Adorned with cowslips.</def> \'bd<xex>Cowslipped</xex>

lawns.\'b8



<au>Keats.</au>



<hw>Cow's" lung"wort`</hw> <pr>(kouz" l?ng"w?rt`)</pr>.

<def>Mullein.</def>



<hw>Cow" tree`</hw> <pr>(kou" tr?`)</pr>. <ety>[Cf. SP. 

<ets>palo de vaca</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tree

(<spn>Galactodendron utile</spn> or <spn>Brosimum

Galactodendron</spn>) of South America, which yields, on

incision, a nourishing fluid, resembling milk.</def>



<hw>Cow"weed"</hw> <pr>(-wEd`)</pr>,, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Cow parsley</er>.</def>



<hw>Cow"wheat`</hw> <pr>(-hw?t`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A weed of the genus <spn>Melampyrum</spn>,

with black seeds, found on European wheatfields.</def>



<hw>Cox</hw> <pr>(k?ks)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. 

<ets>cokes</ets>. Cf. <er>Coax</er>.]</ety> <def>A coxcomb; a

simpleton; a gull.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Go; you're a brainless <qex>cox</qex>, a toy, a fop.</q>

<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Coxx"a</hw> <pr>(k?ks"?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

the hip.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The first joint of the

leg of an insect or crustacean.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Cox*al"gi*a</hw> <pr>(-?l"j?-?)</pr>,

<hw>Cox"al`gy</hw> <pr>(k?ks"?l`j?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL. <ets>coxalgia</ets>, fr. L. <ets>coxa</ets> hip. + Gr.

<?/<?/<?/ pain: cf. F. <ets>coxalgie</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Pain in the hip.</def>



<hw>Cox"comb`</hw> <pr>(k?ks"k?m`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[A

corrupted spelling of <ets>cock's comb</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A strip of red cloth notched like the comb of a

cock, which licensed jesters formerly wore in their caps.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The cap itself.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The top of the head, or the head itself</def>.



<q>We will belabor you a little better,

And beat a little more care into your <qex>coxcombs</qex>.</q>

<qau>Beau  & Fl.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A vain, showy fellow; a conceited, silly man,

fond of display; a superficial pretender to knowledge or

accomplishments; a fop.</def>



<q>Fond to be seen, she kept a bevy

Of powdered <qex>coxcombs</qex> at her levee.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<q>Some are bewildered in the maze of schools,

And some made <qex>coxcombs</qex>, nature meant but fools.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name given to several plants

of different genera, but particularly to <spn>Celosia

cristata</spn>, or garden cockscomb. Same as

<er>Cockscomb</er>.</def>



<hw>Cox*comb"ic*al</hw> <pr>(k?ks-k?m"?-k<it>a</it>l)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <def>Befitting or indicating a coxcomb; like a

coxcomb; foppish; conceited.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Cox*comb"ic*al*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<q>Studded all over in <qex>coxcombical</qex> fashion with little

brass nails.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<hw>Cox"comb"ly</hw> <pr>(k?ks"k?m`l?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>like a coxcomb.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdYou

<xex>coxcombly</xex> ass, you!\'b8



<au>Beau & Fl.</au>



<hw>Cox"comb`ry</hw> <pr>(-r?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

manners of a coxcomb; foppishness.</def>



<hw>Cox*com"ic*al</hw> <pr>(k?ks-k?m"?-k<it>a</it>l)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <def>Coxcombical.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Cox*com"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>Conceitedly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Cox"swain`</hw> <pr>(k?k"sw?n, <mark>Colloq.</mark>

k?k"s'n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Cockswain</er>.</def>



<hw>Coy</hw> <pr>(koi)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE. 

<ets>coi</ets> quiet, still, OF.  <ets>coi</ets>,

<ets>coit</ets>, fr.L. quietus quiet, p. p. of

<ets>quiescere</ets> to rest, <ets>quie</ets> rest; prob. akin to

E. <ets>while</ets>. See <er>While</er>, and cf. <er>Quiet</er>,

<er>Quit</er>, <er>Quite</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Quiet;

still.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Shrinking from approach or familiarity;

reserved; bashful; shy; modest; -- usually applied to women,

sometimes with an implication of coquetry.</def>



<q><qex>Coy</qex>, and difficult to win.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<q><qex>Coy</qex> and furtive graces.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<q>Nor the <qex>coy</qex> maid, half willings to be pressed,

Shall kiss the cup, to pass it to the rest.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Soft; gentle; hesitating.</def>



<q>Enforced hate,

Instead of love's <qex>coy</qex> touch, shall rudely tear

thee.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Shy; shriking; reserved; modest; bashful; backward;

distant.</syn>



<hw>Coy</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Coyed</er> <pr>(koid)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Coying</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

allure; to entice; to decoy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A wiser generation, who have the art to <qex>coy</qex> the

fonder sort into their nets.</q>

<qau>Bp. Rainbow.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To caress with the hand; to stroke.</def>



<q>Come sit thee down upon this flowery bed,

While I thy amiable cheeks do <qex>coy</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Coy</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To behave with

reserve or coyness; to shrink from approach or familiarity.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Thus to <qex>coy</qex> it,

With one who knows you too!</q>

<qau>Rowe.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make difficulty; to be unwilling.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>If he <qex>coyed</qex>

To hear Cominius speak, I 'll keep at home.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Coy"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Somewhat coy or

reserved.</def>



<au>Warner.</au>



<hw>Coy"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a coy manner; with

reserve.</def>



<hw>Coy"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being coy;

feigned o<?/ bashful unwillingness to become familiar;

reserve.</def>



<q>When the kind nymph would <qex>coyness</qex> feign,

And hides but to be found again.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Reserve; shrinking; shyness; backwardness; modesty;

bashfulness.</syn>



<hw>Coy"o*te</hw> <pr>(k?"?-t? <or/ k?"?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Spanish Amer., fr. Mexican <ets>coyotl</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A carnivorous animal (<spn>Canis

latrans</spn>), allied to the dog, found in the western part of

North America; -- called also <altname>prairie wolf</altname>.

Its voice is a snapping bark, followed by a prolonged, shrill

howl.</def>



<hw>\'d8Coy"pu</hw> <pr>(koi"p??)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A South

American rodent (<spn>Myopotamus coypus</spn>), allied to the

beaver. It produces a valuable fur called nutria.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>coypou</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Coys"trel</hw> <pr>(kois"tr?l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same

as <er>Coistril</er>.</def>



<hw>Coz</hw> <pr>(k?z)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A contraction of

<xex>cousin</xex>.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Coz"en</hw> <pr>(k?z"'n)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Cozened</er>

<pr>(-'nd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Cozening</er>

<pr>(-'n-?ng)</pr>. ]</wordforms> <ety>[From <ets>cousin</ets>,

hence, literally, to deceive through pretext of relationship, F.

<ets>cousiner</ets>.]</ety> <def>To cheat; to defrand; to

beguile; to deceive, usually by small arts, or in a pitiful

way.</def>



<q>He had <qex>cozened</qex> the world by fine phrases.</q>

<qau>Macualay.</qau>



<q>Children may be <qex>cozened</qex> into a knowledge of the

letters.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<q>Goring loved no man so well but that he would <qex>cozen</qex>

him,

and expose him to public mirth for having been cozened.</q>

<qau>Clarendon.</qau>



<hw>Cow"en</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To deceive; to cheat; to

act deceitfully.</def>



<q>Some cogging,<qex>cozening</qex> slave.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Coz"en*age</hw> <pr>(-?j)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Cozen</er>, and cf. <er>Cousinage</er>.]</ety> <def>The art

or practice of cozening; artifice; fraud.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Coz"en*er</hw> <pr>(k?z"'n-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

who cheats or defrauds.</def>



<hw>Co*zier</hw> <pr>(k?"zh?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Cosier</er>.</def>



<hw>Co"zi*ly</hw> <pr>(k?"z?-l?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>Snugly; comfortably.</def>



<hw>Co"zi*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or quality of

being cozy.</def>



<hw>Co"zy</hw> <pr>(k?"z?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Cozier</er> <pr>(-z?-?r)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Coziest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Scot. 

<ets>cosie</ets>, <ets>cozie</ets>, prob. from Gael.

<ets>cosach</ets> abounding in hollows, or <ets>cosagach</ets>

full of holes or crevices, snug, sheltered, from <ets>cos</ets> a

hollow, a crevice.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Snug; comfortable; easy; contented.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>cosey</asp> and

<asp>cosy</asp>.]</altsp>



<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>causer</ets> to chat, talk.]</ety>

<def>Chatty; talkative; sociable; familiar.</def>

<mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Co"zy</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Cozy</er>,<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>A wadded covering for a

teakettle or other vessel to keep the contents hot.</def>



<-- p. 338 -->



<hw>Crab</hw> <pr>(kr?b)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>crabba</ets>; akin to D. <ets>krab</ets>, <ets>G</ets>. 

<ets>krabbe</ets>, <ets>krebs</ets>, Icel. <ets>krabbi</ets>, Sw.

<ets>krabba</ets>, Dan. <ets>krabbe</ets>, and perh. to E.

<ets>cramp</ets>. Cf. <er>Crawfish</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the brachyuran Crustacea. They

are mostly marine, and usually have a broad, short body, covered

with a strong shell or carapace. The abdomen is small and curled

up beneath the body.</def>



<note><hand/ The name is applied to all the Brachyura, and to

certain Anomura, as the hermit <xex>crabs</xex>.  Formerly, it

was sometimes applied to Crustacea in general. Many species are

edible, the blue crab of the Atlantic coast being one of the most

esteemed. The large European edible crab is <spn>Cancer

padurus</spn>. <xex>Soft-shelled crabs</xex> are blue crabs that

have recently cast their shells. See <er>Cancer</er>; also,

<cref>Box crab</cref>, <cref>Fiddler crab</cref>, <cref>Hermit

crab</cref>, <cref>Spider crab</cref>, etc., under <er>Box</er>,

<er>Fiddler</er>. etc.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The zodiacal constellation Cancer.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <ety>[See <er>Crab</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A crab apple; -- so named from its harsh

taste.</def>



<q>When roasted <qex>crabs</qex> hiss in the bowl,

Then nightly sings the staring owl.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A cudgel made of the wood of the crab tree; a

crabstick.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Garrick.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A movable winch

or windlass with powerful gearing, used with derricks, etc.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A form of windlass, or geared capstan, for

hauling ships into dock, etc.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A machine

used in ropewalks to stretch the yarn.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A

claw for anchoring a portable machine.</def>



<cs><col>Calling crab</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See

<er>Fiddler</er>., <pos>n.</pos>, 2.</cd> -- <col>Crab

apple</col>, <cd>a small, sour apple, of several kinds; also, the

tree which bears it; as, the European <xex>crab apple</xex>

(<spn>Pyrus Malus</spn> var.<spn>sylvestris</spn>); the Siberian

<xex>crab apple</xex> (<spn>Pyrus baccata</spn>); and the

American (<spn>Pyrus coronaria</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Crab

grass</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A grass

(<spn>Digitaria, <or/  Panicum, sanguinalis</spn>); -- called

also <altname>finger grass</altname>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A

grass of the genus <spn>Eleusine</spn> (<spn>E. Indica</spn>); --

called also <altname>dog's-tail grass</altname>, <altname>wire

grass</altname>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Crab louse</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a species of louse (<spn>Phthirius

pubis</spn>), sometimes infesting the human body.</cd> --

<col>Crab plover</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an Asiatic

plover (<spn>Dromas ardeola</spn>).</cd> -- <mcol><col>Crab's

eyes</col>, <or/ <col>Crab's stones</col></mcol>, <cd>masses of

calcareous matter found, at certain seasons of the year, on

either side of the stomach of the European crawfishes, and

formerly used in medicine for absorbent and antacid purposes; the

gastroliths.</cd> -- <col>Crab spider</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of a group of spiders

(<spn>Laterigrad\'91</spn>); -- called because they can run

backwards or sideways like a crab.</cd> -- <col>Crab tree</col>,

<cd>the tree that bears crab applies.</cd> -- <col>Crab

wood</col>, <cd>a light cabinet wood obtained in Guiana, which

takes a high polish.</cd> <au>McElrath</au>. -- <col>To catch a

crab</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a phrase used of a rower</cd>:

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>when he fails to raise his oar clear of the

water</cd>; <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>when he misses the water altogether

in making a stroke.</cd></cs>



<hw>Crab</hw> <pr>(kr?b)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To make sour or morose; to embitter.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Sickness sours or <qex>crabs</qex> our nature.</q>

<qau>Glanvill.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To beat with a crabstick.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>J. Fletcher.</au>



<hw>Crab</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld><def>To drift

sidewise or to leeward, as a vessel.</def>



<au>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</au>



<hw>Crab</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Prob. from the same root as

<ets>crab</ets>, <ets>n.</ets>]</ety> <def>Sour; rough;

austere.</def>



<q>The <qex>crab</qex> vintage of the neighb'ring coast.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Crab"bed</hw> <pr>(kr?b"b?d)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Crab</er>,<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Characterized

by or manifesting, sourness, peevishness, or moroseness; harsh;

cross; cynical; -- applied to feelings, disposition, or

manners.</def>



<q><qex>Crabbed</qex> age and youth can not live together.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Characterized by harshness or roughness;

unpleasant; -- applied to things; <as>as, a <ex>crabbed</ex>

taste</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Obscure; difficult; perplexing; trying; <as>as,

a <ex>crabbed</ex> author</as>.</def> \'bd<xex>Crabbed</xex>

eloquence.\'b8



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<q>How charming is divine philosophy!

Not harsh and <qex>crabbed</qex>, as dull fools suppose.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Cramped; irregular; <as>as, <ex>crabbed</ex>

handwriting</as>.</def>



-- <wordforms><wf>Crab"bed*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos>  --

<wf>Crab"bed*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Crab"ber</hw> <pr>(kr?b"b?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

catches crabs.</def>



<hw>Crab"bing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or art

of catching crabs.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Falconry)</fld> <def>The foghting of hawks with

each other.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Woolem Manuf.)</fld> <def>A process of scouring

clocth be<?/ween rolls in a machine.</def>



<hw>Crab"bish</hw> <pr>(kr?b"b?sh)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Somewhat sour or cross.</def>



<q>The wips of the most <qex>crabbish</qex> Satyristes.</q>

<qau>Decker.</qau>



<hw>Crab"by</hw> <pr>(-b?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Crabbed;

difficult, or perplexing.</def> \'bdPersius is <xex>crabby</xex>,

because ancient.\'b8



<au>Marston.</au>



<hw>Crab"eat`er</hw> <pr>(kr?b"?t`?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The cobia.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>An etheostomoid fish of the southern United

States (<spn>Hadropterus nigrofasciatus</spn>).</def>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>A small European heron (<spn>Ardea

minuta</spn>, and other allied species).</def>



<hw>Cra"ber</hw> <pr>(kr?"b?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The water rat.</def>



<au>Walton.</au>



<hw>Crab"faced`</hw> <pr>(kr?b"f?st`)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Having a sour, disagreeable countenance.</def>



<au>Beau & Fl.</au>



<hw>Crab"si`dle</hw> <pr>(-s?`d'l)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To

move sidewise, as a crab. <mark>[Jocular]</mark>.</def>



<au>Southey.</au>



<hw>Crab"stick`</hw> <pr>(-st?k`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

stick, cane, or cudgel, made of the wood of the carb tree.</def>



<hw>Crab" tree</hw> <pr>(tr?`)</pr>. <def>See under

<er>Crab</er>.</def>



<hw>Crab"-yaws`</hw> <pr>(kr?b"y?z`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A disease in the West Indies. It is a kind

of ulcer on the soles of the feet, with very hard edges. See

<er>Yaws</er>.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>Crache</hw> <pr>(kr?ch)</pr>, <pos>v.</pos> <def>To

scratch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Crack</hw> <pr>(kr?k)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Cracked</er>

<pr>(kr?kt)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Cracking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>cracken</ets>,

<ets>craken</ets>, to crack, break, boast, AS.

<ets>cracian</ets>, <ets>cearcian</ets>, to crack; akin to D. 

<ets>kraken</ets>, G. <ets>krachen</ets>; cf. Skr.

<ets>garj</ets> to rattle, or perh. of imitative origin. Cf.

<er>Crake</er>, <er>Cracknel</er>, <er>Creak</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To break or burst, with or without entire

separation of the parts; <as>as, to <ex>crack</ex> glass; to

<ex>crack</ex> nuts.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To rend with grief or pain; to affect deeply

with sorrow; hence, to disorder; to distract; to craze.</def>



<q>O, madam, my old hear is <qex>cracked</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>He thought none poets till their brains were

<qex>cracked</qex>.</q>

<qau>Roscommon.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To cause to sound suddenly and sharply; to snap;

<as>as, to <ex>crack</ex> a whip</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To utter smartly and sententiously; <as>as, to

<ex>crack</ex> a joke</as>.</def>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To cry up; to extol; -- followed by

<xex>up</xex></def>. <mark>[Low]</mark></q>



<cs><col>To crack a bottle</col>, <cd>to open the bottle and

drink its contents.</cd> -- <col>To crack a crib</col>, <cd>to

commit burglary.</cd> <mark>[Slang]</mark> -- <col>To crack

on</col>, <cd>to put on; as, <xex>to crack on</xex> more sail, or

more steam. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Crack</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To burst or

open in chinks; to break, with or without quite separating into

parts.</def>



<q>By misfortune it <qex>cracked</qex> in the coling.</q>

<qau>Boyle.</qau>



<q>The mirror <qex>cracked</qex> from side to side.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be ruined or impaired; to fail.</def>

<mark>[Collog.]</mark>



<q>The credit . . . of exchequers <qex>cracks</qex>, when little

comes in and much goes out.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To utter a loud or sharp, sudden sound.</def>



<q>As thunder when the clouds in autumn <qex>crack</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To utter vain, pompous words; to brag; to boast;

-- with <xex>of</xex>.</def> <mark>[Archaic.]</mark>



<q>Ethoipes of their sweet complexion <qex>crack</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Crack</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A partial

separation of parts, with or without a perceptible opening; a

chink or fissure; a narrow breach; a crevice; <as>as, a

<ex>crack</ex> in timber, or in a wall, or in glass</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Ropture; flaw; breach, in a moral sense.</def>



<q>My love to thee is sound, sans <qex>crack</qex> or flaw.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A sharp, sudden sound or report; the sound of

anything suddenly burst or broken; <as>as, the <ex>crack</ex> of

a falling house; the <ex>crack</ex> of thunder; the

<ex>crack</ex> of a whip.</as></def>



<q>Will the stretch out to the <qex>crack</qex> of doom?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The tone of voice when changed at puberty.</def>



<q>Though now our voices

Have got the mannish <qex>crack</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Mental flaw; a touch of craziness; partial

insanity; <as>as, he has a <ex>crack</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A crazy or crack-brained person.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>I . . . can not get the Parliament to listen to me, who look

upon me as a <qex>crack</qex> and a projector.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>A boast; boasting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

\'bd<xex>Crack</xex> and brags.\'b8 <au>Burton</au>.

\'bdVainglorius <xex>cracks</xex>.\'b8 <au>Spenser</au>.



<sn>8.</sn> <def>Breach of chastity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>A boy, generally a pert, lively boy.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q><it>Val</it>. 'Tis a noble child. <it>Vir</it>. A

<qex>crack</qex>, madam.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>10.</sn> <def>A brief time; an instant; <as>as, to be with

one in a <ex>crack</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Eng. & Scot.

Colloq.]</mark>



<sn>11.</sn> <def>Free conversation; friendly chat.</def>

<mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<q>What is <qex>crack</qex> in English? . . . A<qex>crack</qex> .

. . a chat with a good, kindly human heart in it.</q>

<qau>P. P. Alexander.</qau>



<hw>Crack</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of superior excellence; having

qualities to be boasted of.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<q>One of our <qex>crack</qex> speakers in the Commons.</q>

<qau>Dickens.</qau>



<hw>Crack"-brained`</hw> <pr>(-br?nd`)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Having an impaired intellect; whimsical; crazy.</def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>Cracked</hw> <pr>(kr?kt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Coarsely ground or broken; <as>as, <ex>cracked</ex>

wheat</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Crack-brained.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Crack"er</hw> <pr>(kr?k"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who, or that which, cracks.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A noisy boaster; a swaggering fellow.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>What <qex>cracker</qex> is this same that deafs our ears?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A small firework, consisting of a little powder

inclossed in a thick paper cylinder with a fuse, and exploding

with a sharp noise; -- often called <xex>firecracker</xex>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A thin, dry biscuit, often hard or crisp;

<as>as, a Boston <ex>cracker</ex>; a Graham <ex>cracker</ex>; a

soda <ex>cracker</ex>; an oyster <ex>cracker</ex>.</as></def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A nickname to designate a poor white in some

parts of the Southern United States.</def>



<au>Bartlett.</au>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The pintail duck.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A pair of

fluted rolls for grinding caoutchouc.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Crac"kle</hw> <pr>(kr?k"k'l)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<ety>[Dim. of <ets>crack</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make slight

cracks; to make small, sharp, sudden noises, rapidly or

frequently repeated; to crepitate; <as>as, burning thorns

<ex>crackle</ex></as>.</def>



<q>The unknown ice that <qex>crackles</qex> underneath them.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Crac"kle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The noise of

slight and frequent cracks or reports; a crackling.</def>



<q>The <qex>crackle</qex> of fireworks.</q>

<qau>Carlyle.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A kind of crackling sound or

r<acir/le, heard in some abnormal states of the lungs; <as>as,

dry <ex>crackle</ex>; moist <ex>crackle</ex>.</as></def>



<au>Quain.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>A condition produced in

certain porcelain, fine earthenware, or glass, in which the glaze

or enamel appears to be cracked in all directions, making a sort

of reticulated surface; <as>as, Chinese <ex>crackle</ex>;

Bohemian <ex>crackle</ex>.</as></def>



<hw>Crac"kled</hw> <pr>(-k'ld)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Fine

Arts)</fld> <def>Covered with minute cracks in the glaze; -- said

of some kinds of porcelain and fine earthenware.</def>



<hw>Crac"kle*ware`</hw> <pr>(-w?r`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Crackle</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 3.</def>



<hw>Crac"kling</hw> <pr>(kr?k"kl?ng)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The making of small, sharp cracks or reports,

frequently repeated.</def>



<q>As the <qex>crackling</qex> of thorns under a pot, so is the

laughter of the fool.</q>

<qau>Eccl. vii. 6.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The well-browned, crisp rind of roasted

pork.</def>



<q>For the first time in his life he tested

<qex>crackling</qex>.</q>

<qau>Lamb.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Food for dogs, made from the

refuse of tallow melting.</def>



<hw>Crack"nel</hw> <pr>(kr?k"n?l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>craquelin</ets>, fr. D.  <ets>krakeling</ets>, fr.

<ets>krakken</ets> to crack. See <er>Crack</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>]</ety> <def>A hard brittle cake or biscuit.</def>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Cracks"man</hw> <pr>(kr?ks"m<it>a</it>n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>,

<plu>pl. <plw>Cracksmen</plw> <pr>(-m<xex>e</xex>n)</pr>.</plu>

<def>A burglar.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>



<hw>Cra*co"vi*an</hw> <pr>(kr?-k?"v?-<it>a</it>n)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to Cracow in Poland.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cra*co`vi*enne"</hw> <pr>(kr?-k?`v?-?n")</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>Cracow</ets>, the city.]</ety>

<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A lively Polish dance, in 2-4 time.</def>



<hw>Cra"cowes</hw> <pr>(kr?"k?z)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<def>Long-toed boots or shoes formerly worn in many parts of

Europe; -- so called from <ets>Cracow</ets>, in Poland, where

they were first worn in the fourteenth century.</def>



<au>Fairholt.</au>



<hw>Cra"dle</hw> <pr>(kr?d'l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>cradel</ets>, <ets>cradol</ets>, prob. from Celtic; cf.

Gael. <ets>creathall</ets>, Ir. <ets>craidhal</ets>, W.

<ets>cryd</ets> a shaking or rocking, a cradle; perh. akin to E.

<ets>crate</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A bed or cot for a

baby, oscillating on rockers or swinginng on pivots; hence, the

place of origin, or in which anything is nurtured or protected in

the earlier period of existence; <as>as, a <ex>cradle</ex> of

crime; the <ex>cradle</ex> of liberty.</as></def>



<q>The <qex>cradle</qex> that received thee at thy birth.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<q>No sooner was I crept out of my <qex>cradle</qex>

But I was made a king, at nine months old.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Infancy, or very early life.</def>



<q>From their <qex>cradles</qex> bred together.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>A form of worship in which they had been educated from their

<qex>cradles</qex>.</q>



<au>Clarendon.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Agric.)</fld> <def>An implement consisting of a

broad scythe for cutting grain, with a set of long fingers

parallel to the scythe, designed to receive the grain, and to lay

it eventlyin a swath.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Engraving)</fld> <def>A tool used in mezzotint

engraving, which, by a rocking motion, raises burrs on the

surface of the plate, so preparing the ground.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A framework of timbers, or iron bars, moving

upon ways or rollers, used to support, lift, or carry ships or

other vessels, heavy guns, etc., as up an inclined plane, or

across a strip of land, or in launching a ship.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A case for a

broken or dislocated limb.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A frame to

keep the bedclothes from conntact with the person.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A machine on

rockers, used in washing out auriferous earth; -- also called a

<altname>rocker</altname>.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>A suspended scaffold used in shafts.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>The ribbing for vaulted

ceilings and arches intended to be covered with plaster.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The basket or apparatus in

which, when a line has been made fast to a wrecked ship from the

shore, the people are brought off from the wreck.</def>



<cs><col>Cat's cradle</col>. <cd>See under <er>Cat</er>.</cd> --

<col>Cradle hole</col>, <cd>a sunken place in a road, caused by

thawing, or by travel over a soft spot.</cd> -- <col>Cradle

scythe</col>, <cd>a broad scythe used in a cradle for cutting

grain.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cra"dle</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Cradled</er> <pr>(-d'ld)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Cradling</er> <pr>(-dl?ng)</pr>.]</wordforms>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To lay to rest, or rock, as in a cradle; to lull

or quiet, as by rocking.</def>



<q>It <qex>cradles</qex> their fears to sleep.</q>

<qau>D. A. Clark.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To nurse or train in infancy.</def>



<q>He that hath been <qex>cradled</qex> in majesty will not leave

the throne to play with beggars.</q>

<qau>Glanvill.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To cut and lay with a cradle, as grain.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To transport a vessel by means of a

cradle.</def>



<q>In Lombardy . . . boats are <qex>cradled</qex> and transported

over the grade.</q>

<qau>Knight.</qau>



<cs><col>To cradle a picture</col>, <cd>to put ribs across the

back of a picture, to prevent the panels from warping.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cra"dle</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To lie or lodge, as in a

cradle.</def>



<q>Withered roots and husks wherein the acorn

<qex>cradled</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Cra"dling</hw> <pr>(-dl?ng)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of using a cradle.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Coopering)</fld> <def>Cutting a cask into two

pieces lengthwise, to enable it to pass a narrow place, the two

parts being afterward united and rehooped.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>The framework in arched or

coved ceilings to which the laths are nailed.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Craft</hw> <pr>(kr?ft)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>cr<?/ft</ets> strength, skill, art, cunning; akin to OS.,

G., Sw., & Dan. <ets>kraft</ets> strength, D. <ets>kracht</ets>,

Icel. <ets>kraptr</ets>; perh. originally, a drawing together,

stretching, from the root of E. <ets>cramp</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Strength; might; secret power.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Art or skill; dexterity in particular manual

employment; hence, the occupation or employment itself; manual

art; a trade.</def>



<q>Ye know that by this <qex>craft</qex> we have our wealth.</q>

<qau>Acts xix. 25.</qau>



<q>A poem is the work of the poet; poesy is his skill or

<qex>craft</qex> of making.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<q>Since the birth of time, throughout all ages and nations,

Has the <qex>craft</qex> of the smith been held in repute.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Those engaged in any trade, taken collectively;

a guild; <as>as, the <ex>craft</ex> of ironmongers</as>.</def>



<q>The control of trade passed from the merchant guilds to the

new <qex>craft</qex> guilds.</q>

<qau>J. R. Green.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Cunning, art, or skill, in a bad sense, or

applied to bad purposes; artifice; guile; skill or dexterity

employed to effect purposes by deceit or shrewd devices.</def>



<q>You have that crooked wisdom which is called

<qex>craft</qex>.</q>

<qau>Hobbes.</qau>



<q>The chief priets and the scribes sought how they might take

him by <qex>craft</qex>, and put him to death.</q>

<qau>Mark xiv. 1.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A vessel; vessels of any

kind; -- generally used in a collective sense.</def>



<q>The evolutions of the numerous tiny <qex>craft</qex> moving

over the lake.</q>

<qau>Prof. Wilson.</qau>



<cs><col>Small crafts</col>, <cd>small vessels, as sloops,

schooners, ets.</cd></cs>



<hw>Craft</hw>, <pos>v.t.</pos> <def>To play tricks; to practice

artifice.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>You have <qex>crafted</qex> fair.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Craft"i*ly</hw> <pr>(-?-l?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Crafty</er>.]</ety> <def>With craft; artfully;

cunningly.</def>



<-- p. 339 -->



<hw>Craft"i*ness</hw> <pr>(kr?ft"?-n?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Dexterity in devising and effecting a purpose; cunning;

artifice; stratagem.</def>



<q>He taketh the wise in their own <qex>craftiness</qex>.</q>

<qau>Job. v. 13.</qau>



<hw>Craft"less</hw> <pr>(-l?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without

craft or cunning.</def>



<q>Helpless, <qex>craftless</qex>, and innocent people.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<hw>Crafts"man</hw> <pr>(kr?fts"m<it>a</it>n)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Craftsmen</plw>

<pr>(-m<it>e</it>n)</pr>.</plu> <def>One skilled in some trade or

manual occupation; an artificer; a mechanic.</def>



<hw>Crafts"man*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The work of a

craftsman.</def>



<hw>Crafts"mas`ter</hw> <pr>(-m?s`t?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>One skilled in his craft or trade; one of superior

cunning.</def>



<q>In cunning persuasion his <qex>craftsmaster</qex>.</q>

<qau>Holland.</qau>



<hw>Craft"y</hw> <pr>(kr?ft"?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS. 

<ets>cr<?/ftig</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Relating to, or

characterized by, craft or skill; dexterous.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Crafty</xex> work.\'b8



<au>Piers Plowman.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Possessing dexterity; skilled; skillful.</def>



<q>A noble <qex>crafty</qex> man of trees.</q>

<qau>Wyclif.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Skillful at deceiving others; characterized by

craft; cunning; wily.</def> \'bdA pair of <xex>crafty</xex>

knaves.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>With anxious care and <qex>crafty</qex> wiles.</q>

<qau>J. Baillie.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Skillful; dexterous; cunning; artful; wily; <?/ly;

fraudulent; deceitful; subtle; shrewd. See

<er>Cunning</er>.</syn>



<hw>Crag</hw> <pr>(kr?g)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[W.

<ets>craig</ets>; akin to Gael. <ets>creag</ets>, Corn.

<ets>karak</ets>, Armor. <ets>karrek</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A steep, rugged rock; a cough, broken cliff, or point of a

rock, on a ledge.</def>



<q>From <qex>crag</qex> to <qex>crag</qex> the signal fiew.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A partially compacted bed of

gravel mixed with shells, of the Tertiary age.</def>



<hw>Crag</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[A form of <ets>craw</ets>: cf.

D.  <ets>kraag</ets> neck, collar, G.  <ets>kragen</ets>. See

<er>Craw</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The neck or throat</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>And bear the <qex>crag</qex> so stiff and so state.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The neck piece or scrag of mutton.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Crag"ged</hw> <pr>(-g?d)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of

crags, or steep, broken <?/<?/cks; abounding with prominences,

points, and inequalities; rough; rugged.</def>



<q>Into its <qex>cragged</qex> rents descend.</q>

<qau>J. Baillie.</qau>



<hw>Crad"ged*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state

of being cragged; cragginess.</def>



<hw>Crag"gi*ness</hw> <pr>(-g?-n?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

state of being craggy.</def>



<hw>Crag"gy</hw> <pr>(kr?g"g?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of

crags; rugged with projecting points of rocks; <as>as, the

<ex>craggy</ex> side of a mountain</as>.</def> \'bdThe

<xex>craggy</xex> ledge.\'b8



<au>Tennyson.</au>



<hw>Crags"man</hw> <pr>(kr?gz"m<it>a</it>n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl. <plw>Cragsmen</plw> <pr>(-m<xex>e</xex>n)</pr>.</plu>

<def>One accustomed to climb rocks or crags; esp., one who makes

a business of climbing the cliffs overhanging the sea to get the

eggs of sea birds or the birds themselves.</def>



<hw>Craie</hw> <pr>(kr?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Crare</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Craig" floun`der</hw> <pr>(kr?g" floun`d?r)</pr>. <ety>[Scot. 

<ets>craig</ets> a rock. See 1st <er>Crag</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The pole flounder.</def>



<hw>Crail</hw> <pr>(kr?l)</pr>,, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Creel</er>.]</ety> <def>A creel or osier basket.</def>



<hw>Crake</hw> <pr>(kr?k)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Crack</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cry out harshly and

loudly, like the bird called <xex>crake</xex>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To boast; to speak loudly and boastfully.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Each man may <qex>crake</qex> of that which was his own.</q>

<qau>Mir. for Mag.</qau>



<hw>Crake</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A boast. See <er>Crack</er>,

<pos>n.</pos></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Crake</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Icel.  <ets>kr<?/ka</ets>

crow, <ets>kr<?/kr</ets> raven, Sw. <ets>kr<?/ka</ets>, Dan. 

<ets>krage</ets>; perh. of imitative origin.  Cf.

<er>Crow</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species or

rail of the genera <xex>Crex</xex> and Porzana; -- so called from

its singular cry. See <er>Corncrake</er>.</def>



<hw>Crake"ber`ry</hw> <pr>(-b?r`r?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Crowberry</er>.</def>



<hw>Crak"er</hw> <pr>(kr?k"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

boasts; a braggart.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Old Play.</au>



<hw>Cram</hw> <pr>(kr?m)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Crammed</er>

<pr>(kr?md)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Cramming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS.  <ets>crammian</ets> to

cram; akin to Icel.  <ets>kremia</ets> to squeeze, bruise, Sw. 

<ets>krama</ets> to press. Cf. <er>Cramp</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To press, force, or drive, particularly in filling, or in

thrustung one thing into another; to stuff; to crowd; to fill to

superfluity; <as>as, to <ex>cram</ex> anything into a basket; to

<ex>cram</ex> a room with people.</as></def>



<q>Their storehouses <qex>crammed</qex> with grain.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>He will <qex>cram</qex> his brass down our throats.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To fill with food to satiety; to stuff.</def>



<q>Children would be freer from disease if they were not

<qex>crammed</qex> so much as they are by fond mothers.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<q><qex>Cram</qex> us with praise, and make us

As fat as tame things.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To put hastily through an extensive course of

memorizing or study, as in preparation for an examination;

<as>as, a pupil is <ex>crammed</ex> by his tutor</as>.</def>



<hw>Cram</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To eat greedly,

and to satiety; to stuff.</def>



<q>Gluttony . . . .

<qex>Cr<?/ms</qex>, and blasphemes his feeder.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make crude preparation for a special

occasion, as an examination, by a hasty and extensive course of

memorizing or study.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Cram</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

cramming.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Innformation hastily memorized; as. a

<xex>cram</xex> from an examination.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Weaving)</fld> <def>A warp having more than two

threads passing through each dent or split of the reed.</def>



<hw>Cram"be</hw> <pr>(-b?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Cramp</er>, <pos>a.</pos>, difficult.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A game in which one person gives a word, to which another

finds a rhyme.</def>



<q>I saw in one corner . . . a cluster of men and women,diverting

themselves with a game at <qex>crambo</qex>. I heard several

double rhymes . . . which raised a great deal of mirth.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A werd rhyming with another word.</def>



<q>His similes in order set

And every <qex>crambo</qex> he could get.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<cs><col>Dumb crambo</col>, <cd>a game in which one party of

players give a word which rhymes with another, which last to be

guessed by the opposing party, who represent in dumb show what

they think it to be.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cram"mer</hw> <pr>(kr?m"m?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

crams; esp., one who prepares a pupil hastily for an

exxamination, or a pupil who is thus prepared.</def>



<au>Dickens.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cra*moi"sie</hw> <hw>Cra*moi"sy</hw>}</mhw>

<pr>(kr?-moi"z?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F. 

<ets>cramoisi</ets> crimson. See <er>Crimson</er>.]</ety>

<def>Crimson.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A splendid seignior, magnificent in <qex>cramoisy</qex>

velevet.</q>

<qau>Motley.</qau>



<hw>Cramp</hw> <pr>(kr?mp)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. 

<ets>crampe</ets>, <ets>craumpe</ets>; akin to D. & Sw.

<ets>kramp</ets>, Dan. <ets>krampe</ets>, G. <ets>krampf</ets>

(whence F. <ets>crampe</ets>), Icel. <ets>krappr</ets> strait,

narrow, and to E. <ets>crimp</ets>, <ets>crumple</ets>; cf.

<ets>cram</ets>. See <er>Grape</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That

which confines or contracts; a restraint; a shakle; a

hindrance.</def>



<q>A narrow fortune is a <qex>cramp</qex> to a great mind.</q>

<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>



<q>Crippling his pleasures with the <qex>cramp</qex> of fear.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <def>A device, usually of iron

bent at the ends, used to hold together blocks of stone, timbers,

etc.; a cramp iron.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>A rectangular frame, with a

tightening screw, used for compressing the jionts of framework,

etc.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A piece of wood having a curve corresponding to

that of the upper part of the instep, on which the upper leather

of a boot is stretched to give it the requisite shape.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A spasmodic and painful

involuntary contraction of a muscle or muscles, as of the

leg.</def>



<q>The <qex>cramp</qex>, divers nights, gripeth him in his

legs.</q>

<qau>Sir T. More.</qau>



<cs><col>Cramp bone</col>, <cd>the patella of a sheep; --

formerly used as a charm for the cramp. <au>Halliwell</au>.

\'bdHe could turn <xex>cramp bones</xex> into chess men.\'b8

<au>Dickens</au>.</cd> -- <col>Cramp ring</col>, <cd>a ring

formerly supposed to have virtue in averting or curing cramp, as

having been consecrated by one of the kings of England on Good

Friday.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cramp</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Cramped</er> (kr<?/mt; 215); <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Cramping</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

compress; to restrain from free action; to confine and contract;

to hinder.</def>



<q>The mind my be as much <qex>cramped</qex> by too much

knowledge as by ignorance.</q>

<qau>Layard.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To fasten or hold with, or as with, a

cramp.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Hence, to bind together; to unite.</def>



<q>The . . . fabric of universal justic is well

<qex>cramped</qex> and bolted together in all its parts.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To form on a cramp; <as>as, to <ex>cramp</ex>

boot legs</as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To afflict with cramp.</def>



<q>When the gout <qex>cramps</qex> my joints.</q>

<qau>Ford.</qau>



<cs><col>To cramp the wheels of wagon</col>, <cd>to turn the

front wheels out of line with the hind wheels, so that one of

them shall be against the body of the wagon.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cramp</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Cramp</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> Knotty; difficult. <mark>[R.]</mark></q>



<q>Care being taken not to add any of the <qex>cramp</qex>

reasons for this opinion.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<hw>Cram"pet</hw> <pr>(kr?m"p?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Cramp</er>,<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A

cramp iron or cramp ring; a chape, as of a scabbard.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>crampit</asp> and

<asp>crampette</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Cramp"fish`</hw> <pr>(kr?mp"f?sh`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The torpedo, or electric ray, the

touch of which gives an electric shock. See <er>Electric

fish</er>, and <er>Torpedo</er>.</def>



<hw>Cramp" i`ron</hw> <pr>(?`rn)</pr>. <def>See <er>Cramp</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, 2.</def>



<hw>Cram"pit</hw> <pr>(kr?m"p?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>See <er>Crampet</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cram"pon</hw> <pr>(kr?m"p?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

See <er>Crampoons</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An a<?/rial

rootlet for support in climbing, as of ivy.</def>



<hw>Cram`po*nee"</hw> <pr>(kr?m`p?-n?")</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[F.  <ets>cramponn<?/</ets>. See <er>Crampoons</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Having a cramp or square piece at the end;

-- said of a cross so furnished.</def>



<hw>Cram*poons"</hw> <pr>(kr?m-p??nz")</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[F.  <ets>crampon</ets>, fr. OHG. <ets>chramph</ets>

crooked; akin to G. <ets>krampf</ets> cramp. See

<er>Cramp</er>,<pos>n.</pos>, and cf. <er>Crampon</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A clutch formed of hooked pieces of iron, like

double calipers, for raising stones, lumber, blocks of ice,

etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Iron insruments with sharp points, worn on the

shoes to assist in gaining or keeping a foothold.</def>



<hw>Cramp"y</hw> <pr>(kr?mp"?)</pr>, <sn>1.</sn> <def>Affected

with cramp.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Productive of, or abounding in, cramps.</def>

\'bdThis <xex>crampy</xex> country.\'b8



<au>Howitt.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cran</hw> <pr>(kr?n)</pr>, <hw>Crane</hw>

<pr>(kr?n)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Scot., fr. Gael.

<ets>crann</ets>.]</ety> <def>A measure for fresh herrings, -- as

many as will fill a barrel.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<au>H. Miller.</au>



<hw>Cran"age</hw> <pr>(kr?n"?j)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Crane</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The liberty of using a

crane, as for loading and unloading vessels.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The money or price paid for the use of a

crane.</def>



<hw>Cran"ber*ry</hw> <pr>(kr?n"b?r-r?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl. <plw>Cranberries</plw> (-r<?/z).</plu> <ety>[So named

from its fruit being ripe in the spring when the

<ets>cranes</ets> return. <au>Dr. Prior</au>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A red, acid berry, much used for making

sauce, etc.; also, the plant producing it (several species of

<spn>Vaccinum</spn> or <spn>Oxycoccus</spn>.) The <xex>high

cranberry</xex> or <xex>cranberry tree</xex> is a species of

<spn>Viburnum</spn> (<spn>V. Opulus</spn>), and the other is

sometimes called <xex>low cranberry</xex> or <xex>marsh

cranberry</xex> to distinguish it.</def>



<hw>Cranch</hw> <pr>(kr?nch)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>See

<er>Craunch</er>.</def>



<hw>Crane</hw> <pr>(kr?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>cran</ets>; akin to D. & LG. <ets>craan</ets>, G. 

<ets>kranich</ets>, <ets>krahn</ets> (this in sense 2), Gr.

<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/, L. <ets>grus</ets>, W. & Armor.

<ets>garan</ets>, OSlav. <ets>zerav<?/</ets>, Lith.

<ets>gerve</ets>, Icel.  <ets>trani</ets>, Sw. <ets>trana</ets>,

Dan. <ets>trane</ets>. <?/24. Cf. <er>Geranium</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A wading bird of the genus

<spn>Grus</spn>, and allied genera, of various species, having a

long, straight bill, and long legs and neck.</def>



<note><hand/ The common European crane is <spn>Grus

cinerea</spn>. The sand-hill crane (<spn>G. Mexicana</spn>) and

the whooping crane (<spn>G. Americana</spn>) are large American

species. The Balearic or crowned crane is <spn>Balearica

pavonina</spn>. The name is sometimes erroneously applied to the

herons and cormorants.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A machine for raising and lowering heavy

weights, and, while holding them suspended, transporting them

through a limited lateral distance. In one form it consists of a

projecting arm or jib of timber or iron, a rotating post or base,

and the necessary tackle, windlass, etc.; -- so called from a

fancied similarity between its arm and the neck of a crane See

<xex>Illust</xex>. Of <er>Derrick</er>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An iron arm with horizontal motion, attached to

the side or back of a fireplace, for supporting kettles, etc.,

over a fire.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A siphon, or bent pipe, for drawing liquors out

of a cask.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A forked post or projecting

bracket to support spars, etc., -- generally used in pairs. See

<er>Crotch</er>, 2.</def>



<cs><col>Crane fly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a dipterous

insect with long legs, of the genus <spn>Tipula</spn>.</cd> --

<col>Derrick crane</col>. <cd>See <er>Derrick</er>.</cd> --

<col>Gigantic crane</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See

<er>Adjutant</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 3.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Traveling

crane</col>, <col>Traveler crane</col>, <col>Traversing

crane</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a crane mounted on wheels;

esp., an overhead crane consisting of a crab or other hoisting

apparatus traveling on rails or beams fixed overhead, as in a

machine shop or foundry.</cd> -- <col>Water crane</col>, <cd>a

kind of hydrant with a long swinging spout, for filling

locomotive tenders, water carts, etc., with water.</cd></cs>



<hw>Crane</hw> <pr>(kr?n)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Craned</er>

<pr>(kr?nd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Craning</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cause to rise;

to raise or lift, as by a crane; -- with <xex>up</xex>.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>What engines, what instruments are used in <qex>craning</qex>

up a soul, sunk below the center, to the highest heavens.</q>

<qau>Bates.</qau>



<q>An upstart <qex>craned</qex> up to the height he has.</q>

<qau>Massinger.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To stretch, as a crane stretches its neck;

<as>as, to <ex>crane</ex> the neck disdainfully</as>.</def>



<au>G. Eliot.</au>



<hw>crane</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>to reach forward with head

and neck, in order to see better; <as>as, a hunter

<ex>cranes</ex> forward before taking a leap</as>.</def>



<au>Beaconsfield. Thackeray.</au>



<q>The passengers eagerly <qex>craning</qex> forward over the

bulwarks.</q>

<qau>Howells.</qau>



<hw>Crane's"-bill`</hw> <pr>(kr?nz"b?l`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The geranium; -- so named from

the long axis of the fruit, which resembles the beak of a

crane.</def>



<au>Dr. Prior.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>A pair of long-beaked

forceps.</def>



<hw>Crang</hw> <pr>(kr?ng)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Krang</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cra"ni*a</hw> <pr>(kr?"n?-?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of living

Brachiopoda; -- so called from its fancied resemblance to the

cranium or skull.</def>



<hw>Cra"ni*al</hw> <pr>(kr?"n?-a]/>l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the cranium.</def>



<hw>Cra"ni*o*clasm</hw> <pr>(kr?"n?-?-kl?z'm)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cranium</ets> + Gr. <?/<?/<?/ to break.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The crushing of a child's head, as with

the cranioclast or craniotomy forceps in cases of very difficult

delivery.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>Cra"ni*o*clast</hw> <pr>(-kl?st)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An instrument for crushing the head of a

fetus, to facilitate delivery in difficult eases.</def>



<hw>Cra`ni*o*fa"cial</hw> <pr>(-f?"sh<it>a</it>l)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the cranium and face;

<as>as, the <ex>craniofacial</ex> angle</as>.</def>



<hw>Cra`ni*og"no*my</hw> <pr>(-?g"n?-m?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cranium</ets> + Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/. to

know.]</ety> <def>The science of the form and characteristics of

the skull.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Cra`ni*o*log"ic*al</hw> <pr>(-?-l?j"?-k<it>a</it>l)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to craniology.</def>



<hw>Cra`ni*ol"o*gist</hw> <pr>(-?l"?-j?st)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>One proficient in craniology; a phrenologist.</def>



<hw>Cra`ni*ol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(-j?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cranium</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The

department of science (as of ethnology or arch\'91ology) which

deals with the shape, size, proportions, indications, etc., of

skulls; the study of skulls.</def>



<hw>Cra`ni*om"e*ter</hw> <pr>(kr?`n?-?m"?-t?r)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Cranium</ets>  + 

<ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for measuring the

size of skulls.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cra`ni*o*met"ric</hw> <pr>(-?-m?t"r?k)</pr>,

<hw>Cra`ni*o*met"ric*al</hw> <pr>(-r?-k<it>a</it>l)</pr>, }</mhw>

<pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to craniometry.</def>



<hw>Cra`ni*om"e*try</hw> <pr>(kr?`n?-?m"?-tr?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <def>The art or act of measuring skulls.</def>



<hw>Cra`ni*os"co*pist</hw> <pr>(kr?`n?-?s"k?-p?st)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <def>One skilled in, or who practices,

cranioscopy.</def>



<q>It was found of equal dimension in a literary man whose skull

puzzied the <qex>cranioscopists</qex>.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<hw>Cra`ni*os"co*py</hw> <pr>(-p?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cranium</ets> +  <ets>-scopy</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Scientific examination of the cranium.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cra`ni*o"ta</hw> <pr>(kr?`n?-?t?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr.  <ets>cranium</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A comprehensive division of the Vertebrata, including all

those that have a skull.</def>



<hw>Cra`ni*ot"o*my</hw> <pr>(kr?`n?-?t"?-m?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cranium</ets>  + Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ to cut off.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The operation of opening the fetal head,

in order to effect delivery.</def>



<hw>Cra"ni*um</hw> <pr>(kr?"n?-?m)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. 

E.  <plw>Craniums</plw> (-<?/mz), L. <plw>Crania</plw>

<pr>(-<?/)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/; akin to

<?/<?/<?/ head.]</ety> <def>The skull of an animal; especially,

that part of the skull, either cartilaginous or bony, which

immediately incloses the brain; the brain case or brainpan. See

<er>Skull</er>.</def>



<hw>Crank</hw> <pr>(kr?nk)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>cranke</ets>; akin to E.  <ets>cringe</ets>,

<ets>cringle</ets>, <ets>crinkle</ets>, and to <ets>crank</ets>,

<ets>a.</ets>, the root meaning, probably, \'bdto turn,

twist.\'b8 See <er>Cringe</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A bent portion of an axle, or shaft, or

an arm keyed at right angles to the end of a shaft, by which

motion is imparted to or received from it; also used to change

circular into reciprocating motion, or reciprocating into

circular motion. See <er>Bell crank</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any bend, turn, or winding, as of a

passage.</def>



<q>So many turning <qex>cranks</qex> these have, so many

crooks.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<-- p. 340 -->



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A twist or turn in speech; a conceit consisting

in a change of the form or meaning of a word.</def>



<q>Quips, and <qex>cranks</qex>, and wanton wiles.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A twist or turn of the mind; caprice; whim;

crotchet; also, a fit of temper or passion.</def> <mark>[Prov.

Eng.]</mark>



<q>Violent of temper; subject to sudden <qex>cranks</qex>.</q>

<qau>Carlyle.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A person full of crotchets; one given to

fantastic or impracticable projects; one whose judgment is

perverted in respect to a particular matter.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A sick person; an invalid.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Thou art a counterfeit <qex>crank</qex>, a cheater.</q>

<qau>Burton.</qau>



<cs><col>Crank axle</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a driving axle

formed with a crank or cranks, as in some kinds of

locomotives.</cd> -- <col>Crank pin</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>,

<cd>the cylindrical piece which forms the handle, or to which the

connecting rod is attached, at the end of a crank, or between the

arms of a double crank.</cd> -- <col>Crank shaft</col>, <cd>a

shaft bent into a crank, or having a crank fastened to it, by

which it drives or is driven.</cd> -- <col>Crank wheel</col>,

<cd>a wheel acting as a crank, or having a wrist to which a

connecting rod is attached.</cd></cs>



<hw>Crank</hw> <pr>(kr?nk)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS. 

<ets>cranc</ets> weak; akin to Icel.  <ets>krangr</ets>, D. & G. 

<ets>krank</ets> sick, weak (cf.D. <ets>krengen</ets> to careen).

Cf.  <er>Crank</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Sick;

infirm.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Liable to careen or be

overest, as a ship when she is too narrow, or has not sufficient

ballast, or is loaded too high, to carry full sail.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Full of spirit; brisk; lively; sprightly;

overconfident; opinionated.</def>



<q>He who was, a little before, bedrid, . . . was now

<qex>crank</qex> and lusty.</q>

<qau>Udall.</qau>



<q>If you strong electioners did not think you were among the

elect, you would not be so <qex>crank</qex> about it.</q>

<qau>Mrs. Stowe.</qau>



<hw>Crank</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Crank</er>,

<pos>n.</pos> ]</ety> <def>To run with a winding course; to

double; to crook; to wind and turn.</def>



<q>See how this river comes me <qex>cranking</qex> in.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Crank"bird`</hw> <pr>(-b?rd`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small European woodpecker

(<spn>Picus minor</spn>).</def>



<hw>Cranked</hw> <pr>(kr?nkt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Formed

with, or having, a bend or crank; <as>as, a <ex>cranked</ex>

axle</as>.</def>



<hw>Crank"i*ness</hw> <pr>(kr?nk"?-n?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Crankness.</def>



<au>Lowell.</au>



<hw>Cran"kle</hw> <pr>(kr?n"k'l)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Crinkle</er>.]</ety> <def>To break into bends, turns, or

angles; to crinkle.</def>



<q>Old Veg's stream . . . drew her humid train aslope,

<qex>Crankling</qex> her banks.</q>

<qau>J. Philips.</qau>



<hw>Cran"kle</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To bend, turn, or

wind.</def>



<q>Along the <qex>crankling</qex> path.</q>

<qau>Drayton.</qau>



<hw>Cran"kle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A bend or turn; a twist; a

crinkle.</def>



<hw>Crank"ness</hw> <pr>(kr?nk"n?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Liability to be overset; --

said of a ship or other vessel.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Sprightliness; vigor; health.</def>



<hw>Crank"y</hw> <pr>(-?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Full of spirit; crank.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Addicted to crotchets and whims; unreasonable in

opinions; crotchety.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Unsteady; easy to upset; crank.</def>



<hw>Cran"nied</hw> <pr>(kr?n"n?d)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

crannies, chinks, or fissures; <as>as, a <ex>crannied</ex>

wall</as>.</def>



<au>Tennyson.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cran"nog</hw> <pr>(kr?n"n?g)</pr>, <hw>Cran"noge</hw>

<pr>(kr?n"n?j)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From Celtic; cf.

Gael. <ets>crann</ets> a tree.]</ety> <def>One of the stockaded

islands in Scotland and Ireland which in ancient times were

numerous in the lakes of both countries. They may be regarded as

the very latest class of prehistoric strongholds, reaching their

greatest development in early historic times, and surviving

through the Middle Ages. See also <xex>Lake dwellings</xex>,

under <er>Lake</er>.</def>



<au>Encyc. Brit.</au>



<hw>Cran"ny</hw> <pr>(kr?n"n?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Crannies</plw> <pr>(-n<?/z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[F.

<ets>cran</ets> notch, prob. from L. <ets>crena</ets> (a doubful

word).]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A small, narrow opening, fissure,

crevice, or chink, as  in a wall, or other substance.</def>



<q>In a firm building, the cavities ought not to be filled with

rubbish, but with brick or stone fitted to the

<qex>crannies</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>He peeped into every <qex>cranny</qex>.</q>

<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Glass Making)</fld> <def>A tool for forming the

necks of bottles, etc.</def>



<hw>Cran"ny</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp & p.

p.</pos> <er>Crannied</er> <pr>(-n?d)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Crannying</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

crack into, or become full of, crannies.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>The ground did <qex>cranny</qex> everywhere.</q>

<qau>Golding.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To haunt, or enter by, crannies.</def>



<q>All tenantless, save to the <qex>cranning</qex> wind.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<hw>Cran"ny</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Perh. for

<ets>cranky</ets>. See <er>Crank</er>, <pos>a.</pos> ]</ety>

<def>Quick; giddy; thoughtless.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>Cran*ta"ra</hw> <pr>(kr?n-t?"r? <or/ -t?"r?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gael. <ets>cranntara</ets>.]</ety> <def>The

fiery cross, used as a rallying signal in the Highlands of

Scotland.</def>



<hw>Crants</hw> <pr>(kr?nts)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. D. 

<ets>krans</ets>, G.  <ets>kranz</ets>.]</ety> <def>A garland

carried before the bier of a maiden.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Yet here she is allowed her virgin <qex>crants</qex>,

Her maaiden strewments.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Crap"au*dine</hw> <pr>(kr?p"?-d?n)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[F., <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Turning on

pivots at the top and bottom; -- said of a door.</def>



<hw>Crap"au*dine</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>An ulcer on the coronet of a horse.</def>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Crape</hw> <pr>(kr?p)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. 

<ets>cr<?/pe</ets>, fr. L.  <ets>crispus</ets> curled, crisped.

See <er>Crisp</er>.]</ety> <def>A thin, crimped stuff, made of

raw silk gummed and twisted on the mill. Black crape is much used

for mourning garments, also for the dress of some

clergymen.</def>



<q>A saint in <qex>crape</qex> is twice a saint in lawn.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<cs><col>Crape myrtle</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a very

ornamental shrub (<spn>Lagerstr\'94mia Indica</spn>) from the

East Indies, often planted in the Southern United States. Its

foliage is like that of the myrtle, and the flower has wavy

crisped petals.</cd> -- <col>Oriental crape</col>. <cd>See

<er>Canton crape</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Crape</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Craped</er> <pr>(kr?pt)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &

vb.n.</pos> <er>Craping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.

<ets>cr<?/per</ets>, fr. L. <ets>crispare</ets> to curl, crisp,

fr. <ets>crispus</ets>. See <er>Crape</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<def>To form into ringlets; to curl; to crimp; to friz; <as>as,

to <ex>crape</ex> the hair; to <ex>crape</ex> silk.</as></def>



<q>The hour for curling and <qex>craping</qex> the hair.</q>

<qau>Mad. D'Arblay.</qau>



<hw>Crape"fish`</hw> <pr>(kr?p"f?sh`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Salted codfish hardened by pressure.</def>



<au>Kane.</au>



<hw>Crap"nel</hw> <pr>(kr?p"n<it>e</it>l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>A hook or drag; a grapnel.</def>



<hw>Crap"pie</hw> <pr>(kr?p"p?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A kind of fresh-water bass of the

genus <spn>Pomoxys</spn>, found in the rivers of the Southern

United States and Mississippi valley. There are several

species.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>croppie</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Crap"ple</hw> <pr>(kr?p"p'l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Graple</er>.]</ety> <def>A claw.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Craps</hw> <pr>(kr?ps)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A gambling

game with dice.</def> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Crap"u*la</hw> <pr>(kr?p"?-l?)</pr>,

<hw>Crap"ule</hw> <pr>(kr?p"?l)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>crapula</ets> intoxication.]</ety> <def>Same as

<er>Crapulence</er>.</def>



<hw>Crap"u*lence</hw> <pr>(-?-l<it>e</it>ns)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>The sickness occasioned by intemperance; surfeit.</def>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Crap"u*lent</hw> <pr>(-l<it>e</it>nt)</pr>,

<hw>Crap"u*lous</hw> <pr>(-l?s)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>crapulentus</ets>, <ets>crapulosus</ets>: cf. F. 

<ets>crapuleux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Surcharged with liquor; sick

from excessive indulgence in liquor; drunk; given to

excesses.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Crap"y</hw> <pr>(kr?p"?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Resembling

crape.</def>



<hw>Crare</hw> <pr>(kr?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>craier</ets>, <ets>creer</ets>, <ets>croyer</ets>, ship of

war, LL. <ets>craiera</ets>, <ets>creyera</ets>, perh. from G.

<ets>krieger</ets> warrior, or D. <ets>krijger</ets>.]</ety>

<def>A slow unwieldy trading vessel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>crayer</asp>, <asp>cray</asp>, and

<asp>craie</asp>.]</altsp>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Crase</hw> <pr>(kr?z)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Craze</er>.]</ety> <def>To break in pieces; to crack.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdThe pot was <xex>crased</xex>.\'b8



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Crash</hw> <pr>(kr<?/sh>)</pr>, <pos>v. t. </pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp & p. p.</pos> <er>Crashed</er>

<pr>(kr<?/sht)</pr>; <pos>p. pr & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Crashing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>crashen</ets>, the

same word as <ets>crasen</ets> to break, E.  <ets>craze</ets>.

See <er>Craze</er>.]</ety> <def>To break in pieces violently; to

dash together with noise and violence.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>He shakt his head, and <qex>crasht</qex> his teeth for

ire.</q>

<qau>Fairfax.</qau>



<hw>Crash</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make a loud,

clattering sound, as of many things falling and breaking at once;

to break in pieces with a harsh noise.</def>



<q>Roofs were blazing and walls <qex>crashing</qex> in every part

of the city.</q>

<qau>Macualay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To break with violence and noise; <as>as, the

chimney in falling <ex>crashed</ex> through the roof</as>.</def>



<hw>Crash</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A loud, sudden,

confused sound, as of manu things falling and breaking at

once.</def>



<q>The wreck of matter and the <qex>crash</qex> of worlds.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Ruin; failure; sudden breaking down, as of a

business house or a commercial enterprise.</def>



<hw>Crash</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>crassus</ets> coarse.

See <er>Crass</er>.]</ety> <def>Coarse, heavy, narrow linen

cloth, used esp. for towels.</def>



<hw>Crash"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The noise of many things

falling and breaking at once.</def>



<q>There shall be . . . a great <qex>crashing</qex> from the

hills.</q>

<qau>Zeph. i. 10.</qau>



<hw>Cra"sis</hw> <pr>(kr?"s?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.,

temperament, fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/, fr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ to

mix.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A mixture of

constituents, as of the blood; constitution; temperament.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A contraction of two vowels

(as the final and initial vowels of united words) into one long

vowel, or into a dipthong; syn\'91resis; <as>as, <ex>cogo</ex>

for <ex>coago</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cras`pe*do"ta</hw> <pr>(kr?s`p?-d?"t?)</pr>, <pos>n.

pl.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ to be bordered or

edged.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The hydroid or

naked-eyed medus\'91. See <er>Hydroidea</er>.</def>



<hw>Cras"pe*dote</hw> <pr>(kr?s"p?-d?t)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the

Craspedota.</def>



<hw>Crass</hw> <pr>(kr?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>crassus</ets> thick, fat, gross, prob. orig., closely woven

See <er>Crease</er> animal fat, and cf. <er>Crate</er>,

<er>Hurdle</er>.]</ety> <def>Cross; thick; dense; coarse; not

elaborated or refined. \'bd<xex>Crass</xex> and fumid

exhalations.\'b8 <xex>Sir</xex>. <xex>T</xex>. <xex>Browne</xex>.

\'bd<xex>Crass</xex> ignorance\'b8 <xex>Cudworth</xex>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cras"sa*ment</hw> <pr>(kr?s"s?-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>,

<hw>\'d8Cras`sa*men"tum</hw> <pr>(-m?n"t?m)</pr>, }</mhw>

<pos>n.</pos>  <ety>[L. <ets>crassamentum</ets>, fr. 

<ets>crassare</ets> to make thick. See <er>Crass</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>A semisolid mass or clot, especially

that formed in coagulation of the blood.</def>



<hw>Cras"si*ment</hw> <pr>(kr?s"s?-m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Crassament</er>.</def>



<hw>Cras"si*tude</hw> <pr>(-t?d)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>crassitudo</ets>.]</ety> <def>Crossness; coarseness;

thickness; density.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Crass"ness</hw> <pr>(kr?s"n?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Grossness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Glanvill.</au>



<hw>Cras`ti*na"tion</hw> <pr>(kr?s`t?-n?"sh?n)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.  <ets>crastinus</ets> of to-morrow, from

<ets>cras</ets> to-morrow.]</ety> <def>Procrastination; a putting

off till to-morrow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Cra*t\'91"gus</hw> <pr>(kr?-t?"g?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

genus of small, hardy trees, including the hawthorn, much used

for ornamental purposes.</def>



<hw>Cratch</hw> <pr>(kr?ch; 224)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>crache</ets>, <ets>creche</ets>, F. <ets>cr<?/che</ets>

crib, manger, fr. OHG. <ets>krippa</ets>, <ets>krippea</ets>,G.

<ets>krippe</ets> crib. See <er>Crib</er>.]</ety> <def>A manger

or open frame for hay; a crib; a rack.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Begin from first where He encradled was,

In simple <qex>cratch</qex>, wrapt in a wad of hay.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<cs><col>Cratch cradle</col>, <cd>a representation of the figure

of the cratch, made upon the fingers with a string; cat's cradle;

-- called also <altname>scratch cradle</altname>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Crate</hw> <pr>(kr?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cratis</ets> hurdle; perh. akin to E.  <ets>cradle</ets>. 

See <er>Hurdle</er>, and cf. <er>Crate</er> a framework.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A large basket or hamper of wickerwork, used for

the transportation of china, crockery, and similar wares.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A box or case whose sides are of wooden slats

with interspaces, -- used especially for transporting

fruit.</def>



<hw>Crate</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Crated</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Crating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To pack in a crate or case

for transportation; <as>as, to <ex>crate</ex> a sewing machine;

to <ex>crate</ex> peaches.</as></def>



<hw>Cra"ter</hw> <pr>(kr?t?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. 

<ets>crater</ets>, <ets>cratera</ets>, a mixing vessel, the mouth

of a volcano, Gr. <?/<?/<?/, fr. <?/<?/<?/ to mix; cf. Skr.

<?/<?/ to mix, <?/<ets>ir</ets> to cook, <?/r<?/ to cook. Cf.

<er>Crail</er>, in Holy <ets>Grail</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The basinlike opening or mouth of a volcano, through which

the chief eruption comes; similarly, the mouth of a gevser, about

which a cone of silica is often built up.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The pit left by the explosion

of a mine.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A constellation of the

southen hemisphere; -- called also the

<altname>Cup</altname>.</def>



<hw>Cra*ter"i*form</hw> <pr>(kr?-t?r"?-f?rm)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>cratera</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the form of a shallow bowl; -- said

of a corolla.</def>



<hw>CRa"ter*ous</hw> <pr>(kr?"t?r-?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to, or resembling, a crater.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>R. Browning.</au>



<hw>Craunch</hw> <pr>(kr?nch)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Craunched</er>

<pr>(kr?ncht)</pr>;<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Craunching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See

<er>Crunch</er>.]</ety> <def>To crush with the teeth; to chew

with violence and noise; to crunch.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>Cra*vat"</hw> <pr>(kr?-v?t")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>cravate</ets>, fr. <ets>Cravate</ets> a Croat, an inhabitant

of Croatia, one of a body of Austrian troops, from whom, in 1636,

this article of dress was adopted in France.]</ety> <def>A

neckcloth; a piece of silk, fine muslin, or other cloth, worn by

men about the neck.</def>



<q>While his wig was combed and his <qex>cravat</qex> tied.</q>

<qau>Macualay.</qau>



<hw>Cra*vat`ted</hw> <pr>(kr?-v?t"t?d)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Wearing a cravat.</def>



<q>The young men faultlessly appointed, handsomely

<qex>cravatted</qex>.</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



<hw>Crave</hw> <pr>(kr?v)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Craved</er>

<pr>(kr<?/vd)</pr>; <pos>p pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Craving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>crafian</ets>; akin

to Icel. <ets>krefia</ets>, Sw. <ets>kr<?/fva</ets>, Dan. 

<ets>kr<?/ve</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To ask with

earnestness or importunity; to ask with submission or humility;

to beg; to entreat; to beseech; to implore.</def>



<q>I <qex>crave</qex> your honor's pardon.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Joseph . . . went in boldly unto Pilate, and <qex>craved</qex>

the body of Jesus.</q>

<qau>Mark xv. 43.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To call for, as a gratification; to long for;

hence, to require or demand; <as>as, the stomach <ex>craves</ex>

food</as>.</def>



<q>His path is one that eminently <qex>craves</qex> weary

walking.</q>

<qau>Edmund Gurney.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To ask; seek; beg; beseech; implore; entreat;

solicit; request; supplicate; adjure.</syn>



<hw>Crave</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To desire strongly; to feel

an insatiable longing; <as>as, a <ex>craving</ex>

appetite</as>.</def>



<q>Once one may <qex>crave</qex> for love.</q>

<qau>Suckling.</qau>



<hw>Cra"ven</hw> <pr>(kr?"v'n)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE. 

<ets>cravant</ets>, <ets>cravaunde</ets>, OF.

<ets>cravant<?/</ets> struck down, p. p. of <ets>cravanter</ets>,

<ets>crevanter</ets>, to break, crush, strike down, fr. an

assumed LL.  <ets>crepantare</ets>, fr. L.  <ets>crepans</ets>,

p. pr. of <ets>crepare</ets> to break, crack, rattle. Cf.

<er>Crevice</er>, <er>Crepitate</er>.]</ety> <def>Cowardly;

fainthearted; spiritless.</def> \'bdHis <xex>craven</xex>

heart.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>The poor <qex>craven</qex> bridegroom said never a word.</q>

<qau>Sir. W. Scott.</qau>



<q>In <qex>craven</qex> fear of the sarcasm of Dorset.</q>

<qau>Macualay.</qau>



<hw>Cra"ven</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Formerly written also

<ets>cravant</ets> and <ets>cravent</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

recreant; a coward; a weak-hearted, spiritless fellow. See

<er>Recreant</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def>



<q><qex>King Henry</qex>. Is it fit this soldier keep his oath?

<qex>Fluellen</qex>.He is a <qex>craven</qex> and a villain

else.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Coward; poltroon; dastard.</syn>



<hw>Cra"ven</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Cravened</er> <pr>(-v'nd)</pr>;<pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Cravening</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make recreant,

weak, spiritless, or cowardly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>There is a prohibition so divine,

That <qex>cravens</qex> my weak hand.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Crav"er</hw> <pr>(kr?v"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

craves or begs.</def>



<hw>Crav"ing</hw> <pr>(-?ng)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Vehement or

urgent desire; longing for; beseeching.</def>



<q>A succession of <qex>cravings</qex> and satiety.</q>

<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>



-- <wordforms><wf>Crav"ing*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Crav"ing*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Craw</hw> <pr>(kr?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Akin to D. 

<ets>kraag</ets> neck, collar, G.  <ets>kragen</ets>, Sw. 

<ets>kr<?/fva</ets> craw, Dan.  <ets>kro</ets>, and possibly to

Gr.<?/<?/<?/<?/ (E. <ets>bronchus</ets>), or <?/<?/<?/ throat.

<?/25. Cf.<er>Crag</er> neck.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>The crop of a bird.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The

stomach of an animal.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Craw"fish`</hw> <pr>(kr?"f?sh`)</pr>,

<hw>Cray"fish`</hw> <pr>(kr?"f?sh`)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl. <plw>-fishes</plw> or <plw>-fish</plw>.</plu>

<ety>[Corrupted fr. OE.  <ets>crevis</ets>, <ets>creves</ets>,

OF.  <ets>crevice</ets>, F.  <ets><?/crevisse</ets>, fr. OHG. 

<ets>krebiz</ets> crab, G.  <ets>krebs</ets>. See <er>Crab</er>.

The ending <ets>-fish</ets> arose from confusion with E.

<ets>fish</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any crustacean

of the family <spn>Astacid\'91</spn>, resembling the lobster, but

smaller, and found in fresh waters. Crawfishes are esteemed very

delicate food both in Europe and America. The North American

species are numerous and mostly belong to the genus

<spn>Cambarus</spn>. The blind crawfish of the Mamoth Cave is

<spn>Cambarus pellucidus</spn>. The common European species is

<spn>Astacus fluviatilis</spn>.</def>



<hw>Craw"ford</hw> <pr>(kr?"f?rd)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

Crawford peach; a well-known freestone peach, wich yellow flesh,

first raised by Mr. William <xex>Crawford</xex>, of New

Jersey.</def>



<hw>Crawl</hw> <pr>(kr?l)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Crawled</er>

<pr>(kr?ld)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Crawling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Dan.  <ets>kravle</ets>, or

Icel. <ets>krafla</ets>, to paw, scrabble with the hands; akin to

Sw. <ets>kr<?/la</ets> to crawl; cf. LG.  <ets>krabbeln</ets>, D. 

<ets>krabbelen</ets> to scratch.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To move

slowly by drawing the body along the ground, as a worm; to move

slowly on hands and kness; to creep.</def>



<q>A worm finds what it searches after only by feeling, as it

<qex>crawls</qex> from one thing to another.</q>

<qau>Grew.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, to move or advance in a feeble, slow, or

timorous manner.</def>



<q>He was hardly able to <qex>crawl</qex> about the room.</q>

<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>



<q>The meanest thing that <qex>crawl'd</qex> beneath my eyes.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<-- p. 341 -->



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To advance slowly and furtively; to insinuate

one's self; to advance or gain influence by servile or obsequious

conduct.</def>



<q>Secretly <qex>crawling</qex> up the battered walls.</q>

<qau>Knolles.</qau>



<q>Hath <qex>crawled</qex> into the favor of the king.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Absurd opinions <qex>crawl</qex> about the world.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To have a sensation as of insect creeping over

the body; <as>as, the flesh <ex>crawls</ex></as>. <xex>See</xex>

<er>Creep</er>, <xex>v. i.</xex> ,7.</def>



<hw>Crawl</hw> <pr>(kr?l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act or

motion of crawling;<?/low motion, as of a creeping animal.</def>



<hw>Crawl</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Kraal</er>.]</ety>

<def>A pen or inclosure of stakes and hurdles on the seacoast,

for holding fish.</def>



<hw>Crawl"er</hw> <pr>(kr?l"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who,

or that which, crawls; a creeper; a reptile.</def>



<hw>Crawl"y</hw> <pr>(kr?l"?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Creepy.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cray</hw> <pr>(kr?)</pr>, <hw>Cray"er</hw>

<pr>(-?r)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Crare</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Cray"fish</hw> <pr>(kr?"f?sh)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Crawfish</er>.</def>



<hw>Cray"on</hw> <pr>(kr?"?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., a

crayon, a lead pencil (<ets>crayon Cont\'82</ets> Cont\'82's

pencil, <it>i. e.</it>, one made a black compound invented by

Cont\'82), fr. <ets>craie</ets> chalk, L.  <ets>creta</ets>; said

to be, properly, Cretan earth, fr. <ets>Creta</ets> the island

Crete. Cf. <er>Cretaceous</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An

implement for drawing, made of clay and plumbago, or of some

preparation of chalk, usually sold in small prisms or

cylinders</xex>.</def>



<q>Let no day pass over you . . . without giving some strokes of

the pencil or the <qex>crayon</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<note><hand/ The black crayon gives a deeper black than the lead

pencil. This and the colored crayons are often called

<xex>chalks</xex>. The red crayon is also called

<xex>sanguine</xex>. See <er>Chalk</er>, and

<er>Sanguine</er>.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A crayon drawing.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Electricity)</fld> <def>A pencil of carbon used

in producing electric light.</def>



<cs><col>Crayon board</col>, <cd>cardboard with a surface

prepared for crayon drawing.</cd> -- <col>Crayon drawing</col>,

<cd>the act or art of drawing with crayons; a drawing made with

crayons.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cray"on</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Crayoned</er> <pr>(-?nd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Crayoning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. 

<ets>crayonner</ets>.]</ety> <def>To sketch, as with a crayon; to

sketch or plan.</def>



<q>He soon afterwards composed that discourse, conformably to the

plan which he had <qex>crayoned</qex> out.</q>

<qau>Malone.</qau>



<hw>Craze</hw> <pr>(kr?z)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Crazed</er>

<pr>(kr?zd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Crazing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.  <ets>crasen</ets> to

break, fr. Scand., perh. through OF.; cf. Sw.  <ets>krasa</ets>

to crackle, <ets>sl<?/ i kras</ets>, to break to pieces, F.

<ets><?/craser</ets> to crush, fr. the Scand. Cf.

<er>Crash</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To break into pieces; to

crush; to grind to powder. See <er>Crase</er>.</def>



<q>God, looking forth, will trouble all his host,

And <qex>craze</qex> their chariot wheels.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To weaken; to impair; to render decrepit.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Till length of years,

And sedentary numbness, <qex>craze</qex> my limbs.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To derange the intellect of; to render

insane.</def>



<q>Any man . . . that is <qex>crazed</qex> and out of his

wits.</q>

<qau>Tilloston.</qau>



<q>Grief hath <qex>crazed</qex> my wits.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Craze</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To be crazed,

or to act or appear as <?/<?/e that is crazed; to rave; to become

insane.</def>



<q>She would weep and he would <qex>craze</qex>.</q>

<qau>Keats.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To crack, as the glazing of porcelain or

pottery.</def>



<hw>Craze</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Craziness;

insanity.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A strong habitual desire or fancy; a

crotchet.</def>



<q>It was quite a <qex>craze</qex> with him [Burns] to have his

Jean dressed genteelly.</q>

<qau>Prof. Wilson.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A temporary passion or infatuation, as for same

new amusement, pursuit, or fashion; <as>as, the bric-a-brac

<ex>craze</ex>; the \'91sthetic <ex>craze</ex>.</as></def>



<q>Various <qex>crazes</qex> concerning health and disease.</q>

<qau>W. Pater.</qau>



<hw>Craz"ed*ness</hw> <pr>(-?d-n?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

broken state; decrepitude; an impaired state of the

intellect.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Craze"-mill`</hw> <pr>(kr?z"m\'b5l`)</pr>,

<hw>Craz"ing-mill`</hw> <pr>(kr?"z?ng-)</pr> }</mhw>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See 1st <er>Craze</er>.]</ety> <def>A mill

for grinding tin ore.</def>



<hw>Cra"zi*ly</hw> <pr>(kr\'b5"z?-l?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>In a crazy manner.</def>



<hw>Cra"zi*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The state of

being broken down or weakened; <as>as, the <ex>craziness</ex> of

a ship, or of the limbs</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being broken in mind; imbecility or

weakness of intellect; derangement.</def>



<hw>Cra"zy</hw> <pr>(kr?"z?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Craze</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Characterized by weakness

or feeblness; decrepit; broken; falling to decay; shaky;

unsafe.</def>



<q>Piles of mean and<qex>crazy</qex> houses.</q>

<qau>Macualay.</qau>



<q>One of great riches, but a <qex>crazy</qex> constitution.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<q>They . . . got a <qex>crazy</qex> boat to carry them to the

island.</q>

<qau>Jeffrey.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Broken, weakened, or dissordered in intellect;

shattered; demented; deranged.</def>



<q>Over moist and <qex>crazy</qex> brains.</q>

<qau>Hudibras.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Inordinately desirous; foolishly eager.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<q>The girls were <qex>crazy</qex> to be introduced to him.</q>

<qau>R. B. Kimball.</qau>



<cs><col>Crazy bone</col>, <cd>the bony projection at the end of

the elbow (<xex>olecranon</xex>), behind which passes the ulnar

nerve; -- so called on account of the curiously painful tingling

felt, when, in a particular position, it receives a blow; --

called also <altname>funny bone</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Crazy

quilt</col>, <cd>a bedquilt made of pieces of silk or other

material of various sizes, shapes, and colors, fancifully

stitched together without definite plan or arrangement.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cre"a*ble</hw> <pr>(kr?"?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>creabilis</ets>, from <ets>creare</ets> to create. See

<er>Create</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being created.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>I. Watts.</au>



<hw>Creaght</hw> <pr>(kr?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ir. & Gael. 

<ets>graidh</ets>, <ets>graigh</ets>.]</ety> <def>A drove or

herd.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Haliwell.</au>



<hw>Greaght</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To graze.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir. L. Davies.</au>



<hw>Creak</hw> <pr>(kr?k)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Creaked</er>

<pr>(kr?kt)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Creaking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.  <ets>creken</ets>,

prob. of imitative origin; cf. E.  <ets>crack</ets>,

<ets>and</ets>. D. <ets>kreiken</ets> to crackle, chirp.]</ety>

<def>To make a prolonged sharp grating or ssqueaking sound, as by

the friction of hard substances; <as>as, shoes

<ex>creak</ex></as>.</def>



<q>The <qex>creaking</qex> locusts with my voice conspire.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>Doors upon their hinges <qex>creaked</qex>.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Creak</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To produce a creaking sound

with.</def>



<q><qex>Creaking</qex> my shoes on the plain masonry.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Creak</hw> <pr>(kr?k)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Thew sound

produced by anuthing that creaks; a creaking.</def>



<au>Roget.</au>



<hw>CReak"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A harsh grating or

squeaking sound, or the act of making such a sound.</def>



<q>Start not at the <qex>creaking</qex> of the door.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<hw>Cream</hw> <pr>(kr?m)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>cr<?/me</ets>, perh. fr. LL. <ets>crema</ets> cteam of milk;

cf. L. <ets>cremor</ets> thick juice or broth, perh. akin to

<ets>cremare</ets> to burn.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The rich,

oily, and yellowish part of milk, which, when the milk stands

unagitated, rises, and collects on the surface. It is the part of

milk from which butter is obtained.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The part of any liquor that rises, and collects

on the surface.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A delicacy of several kinds prepared for the

table from cream, etc., or so as to resemble cream.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A cosmetic; a creamlike medicinal

preparation.</def>



<q>In vain she tries her paste and <qex>creams</qex>,

To smooth her skin or hide its seams.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The best or choicest part of a thing; the

quintessence; as. the <xex>cream</xex> of a jest or story; the

<xex>cream</xex> of a collection of books or pictures.</def>



<q>Welcome, O flower and <qex>cream</qex> of knights errant.</q>

<qau>Shelton.</qau>



<cs><col>Bavarian cream</col>, <cd>a preparation of gelatin,

cream, sugar, and eggs, whipped; -- to be eaten cold.</cd> --

<col>Cold cream</col>, <cd>an ointment made of white wax, almond

oil, rose water, and borax, and used as a salve for the hands and

lips.</cd> -- <col>Cream cheese</col>, <cd>a kind of cheese made

from curd from which the cream has not been taken off, or to

which cream has been added.</cd> -- <col>Cream gauge</col>,

<cd>an instrument to test milk, being usually a graduated glass

tube in which the milk is placed for the cream to rise.</cd> --

<col>Cream nut</col>, <cd>the Brazil nut.</cd> -- <col>Cream of

lime</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A scum of calcium carbonate which

forms on a solution of milk of lime from the carbon dioxide of

the air.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A thick creamy emulsion of lime in

water.</cd> -- <col>Cream of tartar</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>,

<cd>purified tartar or argol; so called because of the crust of

crystals which forms on the surface of the liquor in the process

of purification by recrystallization. It is a white crystalline

substance, with a gritty acid taste, and is used very largely as

an ingredient of baking powders; -- called also

<altname>potassium bitartrate</altname>, <altname>acid potassium

tartrate</altname>, etc.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cream</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Creamed</er> <pr>(kr?md)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Creaming</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

skim, or take off by skimming, as cream.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To take off the best or choicest part of.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To furnish with, or as with, cream.</def>



<q><qex>Creaming</qex> the fragrant cups.</q>

<qau>Mrs. Whitney.</qau>



<cs><col>To cream butter</col> <fld>(Cooking)</fld>, <cd>to rub,

stir, or beat, butter till it is of a light creamy

consistency.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cream</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To form or become covered

with cream; to become thick like cream; to assume the appearance

of cream; hence, to grow stiff or formal; to mantle.</def>



<q>There are a sort of men whose visages

Do <qex>cream</qex> and mantle like a standing pool.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Cream"cake`</hw> <pr>(-k?k`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>A kind of cake filled with custard made

of cream, eggs, etc.</def>



<hw>Cream"-col`ored</hw> <pr>(-k?l`?rd)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Of the color of cream; light yellow.</def>

\'bd<xex>Cream-colored</xex> horses.\'b8



<au>Hazlitt.</au>



<hw>Cream"er*y</hw> <pr>(-?r-?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Creameries</plw> <pr>(-<?/z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[CF. F.

<ets>cr<?/meric</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A place where

butter and cheese are made, or where milk and cream are put up in

cans for market.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A place or apparatus in which milk is set for

raising cream.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An establishment where cream is sold.</def>



<hw>Cream"-faced`</hw> <pr>(kr?m"f?st`)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>White or pale, as the effect of fear, or as the natural

complexion.</def>



<q>Thou <qex>cream-faced</qex> loon.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Cream"-fruit`</hw> <pr>(kr?m"fr?t`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of Sierra Leone which yields a

wholesome, creamy juice.</def>



<hw>Cream"i*ness</hw> <pr>(-?-n?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality of being creamy.</def>



<hw>Cream" laid`</hw> <pr>(kr?m" l?d`)</pr>. <def>See under

<er>Laid</er>.</def>



<hw>Cream"-slice`</hw> <pr>(-sl?s`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

wooden knife with a long thin blade, used in handling cream or

ice cream.</def>



<hw>Cream"-white`</hw> <pr>(-hw?t`)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>As

white as cream.</def>



<hw>Cream"y</hw> <pr>(kr?m"?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of,

or containing, cream; resembling cream, in nature, appearance, or

taste; creamlike; unctuous. \'bd<xex>Creamy</xex> bowis.\'b8

<xex>Collins</xex>. \'bdLines of <xex>creamy</xex> spray.\'b8

<xex>Tennyson</xex>. \'bdYour <xex>creamy</xex> words but

cozen.\'b8 <xex>Beau</xex> & <xex>Fl</xex>.</def>



<hw>Cre"ance</hw> <pr>(kr?"<it>a</it>ns)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F. <ets>cr\'82ance</ets>, lit., credence, fr. L.

<ets>credere</ets> to trust. See <er>Credence</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Faith; belief; creed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Falconry)</fld> <def>A fine, small line,

fastened to a hawk's leash, when it is first lured.</def>



<hw>Cre"ance</hw> <pr>(kr\'b5"<it>a</it>ns)</pr>, <pos>v. i. &

t.</pos> <def>To get on credit; to borrow.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Cre"ant</hw> <pr>(kr?"<it>a</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L.  <ets>creans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>creare</ets> to

create.]</ety> <def>Creative; formative.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Mrs. Browning.</au>



<hw>Crease</hw> <pr>(kr?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Creese</er>.</def>



<au>Tennison.</au>



<hw>Crease</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. LG. <ets>krus</ets>, G. 

<ets>krause</ets>, crispness, <ets>krausen</ets>,

<ets>kr<?/usen</ets>, to crisp, curl, lay on folds; or perh. of

Celtic origin; cf. Armor.<ets>kriz</ets> a wrinkle, crease,

<ets>kriza</ets> to wrinkle, fold, W. <ets>crych</ets> a wrinkle,

<ets>crychu</ets> to rumple, ripple, crease.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A line or mark made by folding or doubling any pliable

substance; hence, a similar mark, howewer produced.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Cricket)</fld> <def>One of the lines serving to

define the limits of the bowler and the striker.</def>



<cs><col>Bowling crease</col> <fld>(Cricket)</fld>, <cd>a line

extending three feet four inches on each side of the central

strings at right angles to the line between the wickets.</cd> --

<col>Return crease</col> <fld>(Cricket)</fld>, <cd>a short line

at each end of the <xex>bowling crease</xex> and at right angles

to it, extending toward the bowler.</cd> -- <col>Popping

crease</col> <fld>(Cricket)</fld>,<cd>, a line drawn in front of

the wicket, four feet distant from it, parallel to the

<xex>bowling crease</xex> and at least as long as the

latter.</cd></cs>



<au>J. H. Walsh (Encyc. of Rural Sports).</au>



<hw>Crease</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Creased</er> <pr>(kr?st)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Creasing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make a crease or

mark in, as by folding or doubling.</def>



<q><qex>Creased</qex>, like dog's ears in a folio.</q>

<qau>Gray.</qau>



<hw>Creas"er</hw> <pr>(kr?s"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A tool, or a sewing-mashine attachment, for making lines or

creases on leather or cloth, as guides to sew by.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A tool for making creases or beads, as in sheet

iron, or for rounding small tubes.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bookbinding)</fld> <def>A tool for making the

band impression distinct on the back.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Creas"ing</hw> <pr>(kr?s"?ng)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A layer of tiles forming a corona for a

wall.</def>



<hw>Cre"a*sote</hw> <pr>(kr?"?-s?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Creosote</er>.</def>



<hw>Creas"y</hw> <pr>(kr?s"?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of

creases.</def>



<au>Tennyson.</au>



<hw>Cre"at</hw> <pr>(kr?"?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>cr<?/at</ets>, ultimateli fr. L. <ets>creatus</ets> created,

begotten; cf. It.  <ets>creato</ets> pupil, servant, Sp. 

<ets>criado</ets> a servant, client.]</ety> <fld>(Man.)</fld>

<def>An usher to a riding master.</def>



<hw>Cre*at"a*ble</hw> <pr>(kr?-?"t?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>That may be created.</def>



<hw>Cre*ate"</hw> <pr>(kr?-?t")</pr>, <pos>a.</pos><ety>[L.

<ets>creatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>creare</ets> to create; akin to

Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ to accomplish, Skr. <ets>k<?/</ets> to make,

and to E. ending <ets>-cracy</ets> in <ets>aristocracy</ets>,

also to <ets>crescent</ets>, <ets>cereal</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Created; composed; begotte.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Hearts <qex>create</qex> of duty and zeal.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Cre*ate"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Created</er>;<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Creating</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To bring into

being; to form out of nothing; to cause to exist.</def>



<q>In the beginning, God <qex>created</qex> the heaven and the

earth.</q>

<qau>Gen. i. 1.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To effect by the agency, and under the laws, of

causation; to be the occasion of; to cause; to produce; to form

or fashion; to renew.</def>



<q>Your eye in Scotland

Would <qex>create</qex> soldiers.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q><qex>Create</qex> in me a clean heart.</q>

<qau>Ps. li. 10.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To invest with a new form, office, or character;

to constitute; to appoint; to make; <as>as, to <ex>create</ex>

one a peer</as>.</def> \'bdI <xex>create</xex> you companions to

our person.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Cre*at"ic</hw> <pr>(kr?-?t"?k)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/, flesh.]</ety> <def>Relating to, or produced

by, flesh or animal food; <as>as, <ex>creatic</ex>

nausea</as>.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>kreatic</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Cre"a*tin</hw> <pr>(kr?"?-t?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/<?/<?/ flesh.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A white,

crystalline, nitrogenous substance found abundantly in muscle

tissue.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>kreatine</asp>.]</altsp><-- = creatine, C4H9N3O2 -->



<hw>Cre*at"i*nin</hw> <pr>(kr?-?t"?-n?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A white, crystalline,

nitrogenous body closely related to creatin but more basic in its

properties, formed from the latter by the action of acids, and

occurring naturally in muscle tissue and in urine.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>kretinine</asp>.]</altsp><-- =

creatinine, C4H7N3O -->



<hw>Cre*a"tion</hw> <pr>(kr?-A"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. 

<ets>creatio</ets>: cf. F.  <ets>cr<?/ation</ets>. <ets>See</ets>

<er>Create</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of creating or

causing to exist. Specifically, the act of bringing the universe

or this world into existence.</def>



<q>From the <qex>creation</qex> to the general doom.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>As when a new particle of matter dotn begin to exist, <qex>in

rerum natura</qex>, which had before no being; and this we call

<qex>creation</qex>.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is created; that which is produced or

caused to exist, as the world or some original work of art or of

the imagination; nature.</def>



<q>We know that the whole <qex>creation</qex> groaneth.</q>

<qau>Rom. viii. 22.</qau>



<q>A dagger of the mind, a false <qex>creation</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Choice pictures and <qex>creations</qex> of curious art.</q>

<qau>Beaconsfield.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The act of constituting or investing with a new

character; appointment; formation.</def>



<q>An Irish peer of recent <qex>creation</qex>.</q>

<qau>Landor.</qau>



<hw>Cre*a"tion*al</hw> <pr>(-<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Of or pertaining to creation.</def>



<hw>Cre*a"tion*ism</hw> <pr>(-?z'm)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

doctrine that a soul is specially created for each human being as

soon as it is formed in the womb; -- opposed to

<xex>traducianism</xex>.</def>



<hw>Cre*a"tive</hw> <pr>(-t?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

the power to create; exerting the act of creation.</def>

\'bd<xex>Creative</xex> talent.\'b8



<au>W. Irving.</au>



<q>The <qex>creative</qex> force exists in the germ.</q>

<qau>Whewell.</qau>



<hw>Cre*a"tive*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The qualiyu of being

creative.</def>



<hw>Cre*"tor</hw> <pr>(kr?-?"t?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. 

<ets>creator</ets>: cf. F. <ets>cr<?/ateur</ets>.]</ety> <def>One

who creates, produces, or constitutes. Specifically, the Supreme

Being.</def>



<q>To sin's rebuke and my <qex>Creater's</qex> praise.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>The poets and artists of Greece, who are at the same time its

prophets, the <qex>creators</qex> of its divinities, and the

revealers of its theological beliefs.</q>

<qau>Caird.</qau>



<hw>Cre*a"tor*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>State or condition of

a creator.</def>



<hw>Cre*a"tress</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>creatrix</ets>:

cf. F. <ets>cr<?/atrice</ets>.]</ety> <def>She who creates.</def>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>\'d8Cre*a"trix</hw> <pr>(-tr?ks)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A creatress.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Crea"tur*al</hw> <pr>(kr?"t?r-a]/>l; 135)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Belonging to a creature; having the qualities of a

creature.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Crea"ture</hw> <pr>(kr?"t?r; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.  <ets>cr<?/ature</ets>, L.  <ets>creatura</ets>. See

<er>Create</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Anything created;

anything not self-existent; especially, any being created with

life; an animal; a man.</def>



<q>He asked water, a <qex>creature</qex> so common and needful

that it was against the law of nature to deny him.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<q>God's first <qex>creature</qex> was light.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<q>On earth, join, all ye <qex>creatures</qex>, to extol

Him first, him last, him midst, and without end.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>And most attractive is the fair result

Of thought, the <qex>creature</qex> of a polished mind.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A human being, in pity, contempt, or endearment;

<as>as, a poor <ex>creature</ex>; a pretty

<ex>creature</ex>.</as></def>



<q>The world hath not a sweeter <qex>creature</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A person who owes his rise and fortune to

another; a servile dependent; an instrument; a tool.</def>



<q>A <qex>creature</qex> of the queen's, Lady Anne Bullen.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Both Charles himself and his <qex>creature</qex>, Laud.</q>

<qau>Macualay.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A general term among farmers for horses, oxen,

etc.</def>



<cs><col>Creature comforts</col>, <cd>those which minister to the

comfort of the body.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cra"ture*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without created

beings; alone.</def>



<q>God was alone

And <qex>creatureless</qex> at first.</q>

<qau>Donne.</qau>



<hw>Crea"ture*ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Creatural;

characteristic of a creature.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

\'bd<xex>Creaturely</xex> faculties.\'b8



<au>Cheyne.</au>



<hw>Crea"ture*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The condition of

being a creature.</def>



<hw>Crea"tur*ize</hw> <pr>(-?z)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

make like a creature; to degrade</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Degrade and <qex>creaturize</qex> that mundane soul.</q>

<qau>Cudworth.</qau>



<-- p. 342 -->



<hw>Creaze</hw> <pr>(kr?z)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The tin ore which collects in the

central part of the washing pit or buddle.</def>



<hw>Cre`bri*cos"tate</hw> <pr>(kr?`br?-k?s"t?t)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.  <ets>creber</ets> close +

<ets>costa</ets> rib.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Marked

with closely set ribs or ridges.</def>



<hw>Cre`bri*sul"cate</hw> <pr>(kr?`br?-s?l"k?t)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.  <ets>creber</ets> close +

<ets>sulcus</ets> furrow.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>Marked with closely set transverse furrows.</def>



<hw>Creb"ri*tude</hw> <pr>(kr?b"r?-t?d)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>crebritudo</ets>, fr. <ets>creber</ets>

close.]</ety> <def>Frequency.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Cre"brous</hw> <pr>(kr?"br?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. 

<ets>creber</ets> close set, frequent.]</ety> <def>Frequent;

numerous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Goodwin.</au>



<hw>\'d8Creche</hw> <pr>(kr?sh)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A public nursery, where the young children

of poor women are cared for during the day, while their mothers

are at work.</def>



<hw>Cre"dence</hw> <pr>(kr?"d<it>e</it>ns)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[LL.  <ets>credentia</ets>, fr. L.  <ets>credens</ets>,

<ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>credere</ets> to trust,

believe: cf. OF. <ets>credence</ets>. See <er>Creed</er>, and cf.

<er>Credent</er>, <er>Creance</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Reliance of the mind on evidence of facts

derived from other sources than personal knowledge; belief;

credit; confidence.</def>



<q>To give <qex>credence</qex> to the Scripture miracles.</q>

<qau>Trench.</qau>



<q>An assertion which might easily find <qex>credence</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macualay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which gives a claim to credit, belief, or

confidence; <as>as, a letter of <ex>credence</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The small table by the side

of the altar or communion table, on which the bread and wine are

placed before being consecrated.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A cupboard, sideboard, or cabinet, particularly

one intended for the display of rich vessels or plate, and

consisting chiefly of open shelves for that purpose.</def>



<hw>Cre"dence</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To give credence to; to

believe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Cre*den"dum</hw> <pr>(kr?-d?n"d?m)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos>;<plu>pl. <plw>Credenda</plw>

<pr>(-d<?/)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L., fr.  <ets>credere</ets> to

belive.]</ety> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>A thing to be believed;

an article of faith; -- distinguished from <xex>agendum</xex>, a

practical duty.</def>



<q>The great articles and <qex>credenda</qex> of

Christianity.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<hw>Cre"dent</hw> <pr>(kr?"d<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[. <ets>credens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of

<ets>credere</ets> to trust, believe. See <er>Creed</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Believing; giving credence; credulous.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>If with too <qex>credent</qex> esr you list songs.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having credit or authority; credible.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>For my authority bears of a <qex>credent</qex> bulk.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Cre*den"tial</hw> <pr>(kr?-d?n"sh<it>a</it>l)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. It.  <ets>credenziale</ets>, fr. LL. 

<ets>credentia</ets>.  See <er>Credence</er>.]</ety> <def>Giving

a title or claim to credit or confidence; accrediting.</def>



<q>Their <qex>credential</qex> letters on both sides.</q>

<qau>Camden.</qau>



<hw>Cre*den"tial</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. It.

<ets>credenziale</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which gives

a title to credit or confidence.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Testimonials showing that a

person is entitled to credit, or has right to exercise official

power, as the letters given by a government to an ambassador or

envoy, or a certificate that one is a duly elected

delegate.</def>



<q>The committee of estates excepted against the

<qex>credentials</qex> of the English commissioners.</q>

<qau>Whitelocke.</qau>



<q>Had they not shown undoubted <qex>credentials</qex> from the

Divine Person who sent them on such a message.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<hw>Cred`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(kr?d`?-b?l"?-t?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>cr<?/dibilit<?/</ets>.]</ety>

<def>The quality of being credible; credibleness; <as>as, the

<ex>credibility</ex> of facts; the <ex>credibility</ex> of

witnesses.</as></def>



<hw>Cred"i*ble</hw> <pr>(kr?d"?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. 

<ets>credibilis</ets>, fr.  <ets>credere</ets>. See

<er>Creed</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being credited or

believed; worthy of belief; entiled to confidence;

trustworthy.</def>



<q>Things are made <qex>credible</qex> either by the known

condition and quality of the utterer or by the manifest

likelihood of truth in themselves.</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<q>A very diligent and observing person, and likewise very sober

and <qex>credible</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dampier.</qau>



<hw>Cred"i*ble*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state

of being credible; worthness of belief; credibility.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Boyle.</au>



<hw>Cred"i*bly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a manner inducing

belief; <as>as, I have been <ex>credibly</ex> informed of the

event</as>.</def>



<hw>Cred"it</hw> <pr>(kr?d"?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>cr<?/dit</ets> (cf. It.  <ets>credito</ets>), L. 

<ets>creditum</ets> loan, prop.  neut. of <ets>creditus</ets>, p.

p. of <ets>credere</ets> to trust, loan, believe. See

<er>Creed</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Reliance on the truth of

something said or done; belief; faith; trust; confidence.</def>



<q>When Jonathan and the people heard these words they gave no

<qex>credit</qex> into them, nor received them.</q>

<qau>1 Macc. x. 46.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Reputation derived from the confidence of

others; esteem; honor; good name; estimation.</def>



<q>John Gilpin was a citizen

Of <qex>credit</qex> and renown.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A ground of, or title to, belief or confidence;

authority derived from character or reputation.</def>



<q>The things which we properly believe, be only such as are

received on the <qex>credit</qex> of divine testimony.</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>That which tends to procure, or add to,

reputation or esteem; an honor.</def>



<q>I published, because I was told I might please such as it was

a <qex>credit</qex> to please.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Influence derived from the good opinion,

confidence, or favor of others; interest.</def>



<q>Having <qex>credit</qex> enough with his master to provide for

his own interest.</q>

<qau>Clarendon.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>Trust given or received;

expectation of future playment for property transferred, or of

fulfillment or promises given; mercantile reputation entitling

one to be trusted; -- applied to individuals, corporations,

communities, or nations; <as>as, to buy goods on

<ex>credit</ex></as>.</def>



<q><qex>Credit</qex> is nothing but the expectation of money,

within some limited time.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>The time given for payment for lands or goods

sold on trust; <as>as, a long <ex>credit</ex> or a short

<ex>credit</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Bookkeeping)</fld> <def>The side of an account

on which are entered all items reckoned as values received from

the party or the category named at the head of the account; also,

any one, or the sum, of these items; -- the opposite of

<xex>debit</xex>; <as>as, this sum is carried to one's

<ex>credit</ex>, and that to his <ex>debit</ex>; A has several

<xex>credits</xex> on the books of B.</as></def>



<cs><mcol><col>Bank credit</col>, <or/ <col>Cash

credit</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Cash</er>.</cd> --

<col>Bill of credit</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bill</er>.</cd> --

<col>Letter of credit</col>, <cd>a letter or notification

addressed by a banker to his correspondent, informing him that

the person named therein is entitled to draw a certain sum of

money; when addressed to several different correspondents, or

when the money can be drawn in fractional sums in several

different places, it is called a <xex>circular letter of

credit</xex>.</cd> -- <col>Public credit</col>. <sd>(a)</sd>

<cd>The reputation of, or general confidence in, the ability or

readiness of a government to fulfull its pecuniary

engagements.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The ability and fidelity of

merchants or others who owe largely in a community.</cd></cs>



<q>He touched the dead corpse of <qex>Public Credit</qex>, and it

sprung upon its feet.</q>

<qau>D. Webster.</qau>



<hw>Cred"it</hw> <pr>(kr?d"?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Credited</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Crediting</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To confide in the truth of; to give credence to; to put

trust in; to believe.</def>



<q>How shall they <qex>credit</qex>

A poor unlearned virgin?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To bring honor or repute upon; to do credit to;

to raise the estimation of.</def>



<q>You <qex>credit</qex> the church as much by your government as

you did the school formerly by your wit.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bookkeeping)</fld> <def>To enter upon the

credit side of an account; to give credit for; <as>as, to

<ex>credit</ex> the amount paid</as>; to set to the credit of;

<as>as, to <ex>credit</ex> a man with the interest paid on a

bond</as>.</def>



<cs><col>To credit with</col>, <cd>to give credit for; to assign

as justly due to any one.</cd></cs>



<q>Crove, Helmholtz, and Meyer, are more than any others <qex>to

be credited with</qex> the clear enunciation of this

doctrine.</q>

<qau>Newman.</qau>



<hw>Cred"it*a*ble</hw> <pr>(-?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Worthy of belief.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Divers <qex>creditable</qex> witnesses deposed.</q>

<qau>Ludlow.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Deserving or possessing reputation or esteem;

reputable; estimable.</def>



<q>This gentleman was born of <qex>creditable</qex> parents.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Bringing credit, reputation, or honor;

honorable; <as>as, such conduct is highly <ex>creditable</ex> to

him</as>.</def>



<au>Macualay.</au>



<q>He settled him in a good <qex>creditable</qex> way of

living.</q>

<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>



<hw>Cred"it*a*ble*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of

being creditable.</def>



<hw>Cred"it*a*bly</hw> <pr>(-?-bl?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In

a creditable manner; reputably; with credit.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cre`dit" fon`cier"</hw> <pr>(kr?d?" f?n`s??")</pr>. 

<ety>[F. <ets>cr<?/dit</ets> credit & <ets>foncier</ets> relating

to land, landed.]</ety> <def>A company licensed for the purpose

of carrying out improvements, by means of loans and advances upon

real securities.</def>

]

<hw>\'d8Cre`dit" mo`bi`lier"</hw> <pr>(m?`b?`ly?")</pr>. 

<ety>[F.  <ets>cr<?/dit</ets> credit & <ets>mobilier</ets>

personal, pertaining to personal property.]</ety> <def>A joint

stock company, formed for general banking business, or for the

construction of public works, by means of loans on personal

estate, after the manner of the <xex>cr\'82dit foncier</xex> on

real estate. In practice, however, this distinction has not been

strictly observed.</def>



<hw>Cred"it*or</hw> <pr>(kr?d"?t-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.: cf. F.  <ets>cr<?/diteur</ets>. See

<er>Credit</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who credits,

believes, or trusts.</def>



<q>The easy <qex>creditors</qex> of novelties.</q>

<qau>Daniel.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who gives credit in business matters; hence,

one to whom money is due; -- correlative to

<xex>debtor</xex>.</def>



<q><qex>Creditors</qex> have better memories than debtors.</q>

<qau>Franklin.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cred"it*ress</hw> <pr>(kr?d"?t-r?s)</pr>,

<hw>Cred"i*trix</hw> <pr>(kr?d"?-tr?ks)</pr>, }</mhw>

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>creditrix</ets>.]</ety> <def>A female

creditor.</def>



<hw>Cre"do</hw> <pr>(kr?"d?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. See

<er>Creed</er>.]</ety> <def>The creed, as sung or read in the

Roman Catholic church.</def>



<q>He repeated Aves and <qex>Credos</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macualay.</qau>



<hw>Cre*du"li*ty</hw> <pr>(kr?-d?"l?-t?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.  <ets>credulitas</ets>, fr. <ets>credulus</ets>: cf. F. 

<ets>cr<?/dulit<?/</ets>. See <er>Credulous</er>.]</ety>

<def>Readiness of belief; a disposition to believe on slight

evidence.</def>



<q>That implict <qex>credulity</qex> is the mark of a feeble mind

will not be disputed.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>



<hw>Cred"u*lous</hw> <pr>(kr?d"?-l?s; 135)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>credulus</ets>, fr. <ets>credere</ets>. See

<er>Creed</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Apt to believe on slight

evidence; easly imposed upon; unsuspecting.</def>



<au>Landor.</au>



<q>Eve, our <qex>credulous</qex> mother.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Believed too readily.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Beau & Fl.</au>



<hw>Cred"u*lous*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With

credulity.</def>



<hw>Cred"u*lous*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Readiness to

believe on slight evidence; credulity.</def>



<q>Beyond all credulity is the <qex>credulousness</qex> of

atheists.</q>

<qau>S. Clarke.</qau>



<hw>Creed</hw> <pr>(kr?d)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>credo</ets>, <ets>crede</ets>, AS.  <ets>creda</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>credo</ets> I believe, at the beginning of the Apostles'

creed, fr.  <ets>credere</ets> to believe; akin to OIr. 

<ets>cretin</ets> I believe, and Skr. <ets><?/raddadh<?/mi</ets>;

<ets>crat</ets> trust + <ets>dh<?/</ets> to put. See <er>Do</er>,

<pos>v. t.</pos>, and cf. <er>Credo</er>, <er>Grant</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A definite summary of what is believed; esp., a

summary of the articles of Christian faith; a confession of faith

for public use; esp., one which is brief and comprehensive.</def>



<q>In the Protestant system the <qex>creed</qex> is not

co\'94rdinate with, but always subordinate to, the Bible.</q>

<qau>Schaff-Herzog Encyc.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any summary of principles or opinions professed

or adhered to.</def>



<q>I love him not, nor fear him; there's my <qex>creed</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><mcol><col>Apostles' creed</col>, <col>Athanasian

creed</col>, <col>Nicene creed</col>.</mcol> <cd>See under

<er>Apostle</er>, <er>Athanasian</er>, <er>Nicene</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Creed</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To believe; to

credit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>That part which is so <qex>creeded</qex> by the people.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Creed"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without a creed.</def>



<au>Carlyle.</au>



<hw>Creek</hw> <pr>(kr?k)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. 

<ets>crecca</ets>; akin to D. <ets>kreek</ets>, Icel.

<ets>kriki</ets> crack, nook; cf. W. <ets>crig</ets> crack,

<ets>crigyll</ets> ravine, creek. Cf. <er>Crick</er>,

<er>Crook</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A small inlet or bay,

narrower and extending further into the land than a cove; a

recess in the shore of the sea, or of a river.</def>



<q>Each <qex>creek</qex> and cavern of the dangerous shore.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<q>They discovered a certain <qex>creek</qex>, with a shore.</q>

<qau>Acts xxvii. 39.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A stream of water smaller than a river and

larger than a brook.</def>



<q>Lesser streams and rivulets are denominated

<qex>creeks</qex>.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn>  <def>Any turn or winding.</def>



<q>The passages of alleys, <qex>creeks</qex>, and narrow

lands.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Creek"fish</hw> <pr>(kr?k"f?sh)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The chub sucker.</def>



<hw>Creeks</hw> <pr>(kr?ks)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>; <sing>sing.

<singw>Creek</singw></sing>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A tribe or

confederacy of North American Indians, including the Muskogees,

Seminoles, Uchees, and other subordinate tribes. They formerly

inhabited Georgia, Florida, and Alabama.</def>



<hw>Creek"y</hw> <pr>(kr?k"?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> 

<def>Containing, or abounding in, creeks; characterized by

creeks; like a creek; winding.</def> \'bdThe <xex>creeky</xex>

shore.\'b8



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Creel</hw> <pr>(kr?l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>  <ety>[Gael. 

<ets>craidhleag</ets> basket, creel.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn>  <def>An osier basket, such as anglers use.</def>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<sn>2.</sn>  <fld>(Spinning)</fld> <def>A bar or set of bars with

skewers for holding paying-off bobbins, as in the roving machine,

throstle, and mule.</def>



<hw>Creep</hw> <pr>(kr?p)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> 

<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Crept</er> <pr>(kr?pt)</pr>

(<er>Crope</er> <pr>(kr<?/p)</pr>, <mark>Obs</mark>.); <pos>p.

p.</pos> <er>Crept</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Creeping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.  <ets>crepen</ets>,

<ets>creopen</ets>, AS.  <ets>cre<?/pan</ets>; akin to D.

<ets>kruipen</ets>, G.  <ets>kriechen</ets>, Icel. 

<ets>krjupa</ets>, Sw.  <ets>krypa</ets>, Dan. <ets>krybe</ets>.

Cf. <er>Cripple</er>, <er>Crouch</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

move along the ground, or on any other surface, on the belly, as

a worm or reptile; to move as a child on the hands and knees; to

crawl.</def>



<q>Ye that walk

The earth, and stately tread, or lowly <qex>creep</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To move slowly, feebly, or timorously, as from

unwillingness, fear, or weakness.</def>



<q>The whining schoolboy . . . <qex>creeping</qex>, like snail,

Unwillingly to school.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Like guilty thing, I<qex>creep</qex>.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To move in a stealthy or secret manner; to move

imperceptibly or clandestinely; to steal in; to insinuate itself

or one's self; <as>as, age <ex>creeps</ex> upon us</as>.</def>



<q>The sothistry which <qex>creeps</qex> into most of the books

of argument.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<q>Of this sort are they which <qex>creep</qex> into houses, and

lead captive silly women.</q>

<qau>2. Tim. iii. 6.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To slip, or to become slightly displaced;

<as>as, the collodion on a negative, or a coat of varnish, may

<ex>creep</ex> in drying; the quicksilver on a mirror may

<ex>creep</ex>.</as></def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To move or behave with servility or exaggerated

humility; to fawn; <as>as, a <ex>creeping</ex>

sycophant</as>.</def>



<q>To come as humbly as they used to <qex>creep</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To grow, as a vine, clinging to the ground or to

some other support by means of roots or rootlets, or by tendrils,

along its length.</def> \'bdCreeping vines.\'b8



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>To have a sensation as of insects creeping on

the skin of the body; to crawl; <as>as, the sight made my flesh

<ex>creep</ex></as>.  See <er>Crawl</er>, <xex>v.

i.</xex>,<xex>4</xex>.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>To drag in deep water with creepers, as for

recovering a submarine cable.</def>



<hw>Creep</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or process

of creeping.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A distressing sensation, or sound, like that

occasioned by the creeping of insects.</def>



<q>A <qex>creep</qex> of undefinable horror.</q>

<qau>Blackwood's Mag.</qau>



<q>Out of the stillness, with gathering <qex>creep</qex>,

Like rising wind in leaves.</q>

<qau>Lowell.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A slow rising of the floor

of a gallery, occasioned by the pressure of incumbent strata upon

the pillars or sides; a gradual movement of mining ground.</def>



<hw>Creep"er</hw> <pr>(kr?p"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who, or that which, creeps; any creeping thing.</def>



<q>Standing waters are most unwholesome, . . . full of

mites,<qex>creepers</qex>; slimy, muddy, unclean.</q>

<qau>Burton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant that clings by

rootlets, or by tendrils, to the ground, or to trees, etc.;

<as>as, the Virginia <ex>creeper</ex> (<ex>Ampelopsis

quinquefolia</ex>)</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small bird of the genus

<spn>Certhia</spn>, allied to the wrens. The brown or common

European creeper is <spn>C. familiaris</spn>, a variety of which

(<spn>var. Americana</spn>) inhabits America; -- called also

<altname>tree creeper</altname> and <altname>creeptree</altname>.

The American black and white creeper is <spn>Mniotilta

varia</spn>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A kind of patten mounted on short pieces of iron

instead of rings; also, a fixture with iron points worn on a shoe

to prevent one from slipping.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>A spurlike device strapped to

the boot, which enables one to climb a tree or pole; -- called

often <altname>telegraph creepers</altname>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A small, low iron, or dog, between the

andirons.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>An instrument with iron hooks

or claws for dragging at the bottom of a well, or any other body

of water, and bringing up what may lie there.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>Any device for causing material to move steadily

from one part of a machine to another, as an apron in a carding

machine, or an inner spiral in a grain screen.</def>



<sn>9.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Crockets.

See <er>Crocket</er>.</def>



<hw>Creep"hole`</hw> <pr>(-h?l`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A hole or retreat onto which an animal may creep, to escape

notice or danger.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A subterfuge; an excuse.</def>



<hw>Creep"ie</hw> <pr>(-?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A low

stool.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Creep"i*ness</hw> <pr>(-?-n?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

uneasy sensation as of insects creeping on the skin.</def>



<q>She felt a curious, uneasy <qex>creepiness</qex>.</q>

<qau>Mrs. Alexander.</qau>



<hw>Creep"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Crawling, or

moving close to the ground.</def> \'bdEvery <xex>creeping</xex>

thing.\'b8



<au>Gen. vi. 20.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Growing along, and clinging to, the ground, or

to a wall, etc., by means of rootlets or tendrils.</def>



<q>Casements lined with <qex>creeping</qex> herbs.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<cs><col>Ceeping crowfoot</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant,

the <spn>Ranunculus repens</spn>.</cd>- <col>Creeping

snowberry</col>, <cd>an American plant (<spn>Chiogenes

hispidula</spn>) with white berries and very small round leaves

having the flavor of wintergreen.</cd></cs>



<hw>Creep"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>by creeping slowly;

in the manner of a reptile; insidiously; cunningly.</def>



<q>How slily and <qex>creepingly</qex> did he address himself to

our first parents.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<hw>Cree"ple</hw> <pr>(kr?"p'l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Cripple</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A creeping creature; a

reptile.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>There is one creeping beast, or long <qex>creeple</qex> (as

the name is in Devonshire), that hath a rattle at his tail that

doth discover his age.</q>

<qau>Morton (1632).</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who is lame; a cripple.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Thou knowest how lame a <qex>creeple</qex> this world is.</q>

<qau>Donne.</qau>



<hw>Creep"y</hw> <pr>(kr?p"?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Crawly;

having or producing a sensation like that caused by insects

creeping on the skin.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<q>One's whole blood grew curdling and <qex>creepy</qex>.</q>

<qau>R. Browning.</qau>



<-- p. 343 -->



<hw>Crees</hw> <pr>(kr?z)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>; <sing>sing.

<singw>Cree</singw></sing>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>An

Algonquin tribe of Indians, inhabiting a large part of British

America east of the Rocky Mountains and south of Hudson's

Bay.</def>



<hw>Creese</hw> <pr>(kr?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Malay.

<ets>kris</ets>.]</ety> <def>A dagger or short sword used by the

Malays, commonly having a serpentine blade.</def> <altsp>[Written

also <asp>crease</asp> and <asp>kris</asp>.]</altsp>



<q>From a Malayan <qex>creese</qex> to a sailor's jackknife.</q>

<qau>Julian Hawthorne.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Cr\'82`mail`l\'8are"</hw> <pr>(kr?`m?`ly?r" <or/

-m?`y?r")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld>

<def>An indented or zigzaged line of intrenchment.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cre*mas"ter</hw> <pr>(kr?-m?s"t?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/<?/<?/, fr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ to hang.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A thin muscle which serves to

draw up the testicle.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The apex of the last

abdominal segment of an insect.</def>



<hw>Crem`as*ter"ic</hw> <pr>(kr?m`3s-t?r"?k)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the cremaster;

<as>as, the <ex>cremasteric</ex> artery</as>.</def>



<hw>Cre"mate</hw> <pr>(kr?"m?t <or/ kr?-m?t")</pr>, <pos>v.

t.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>crematus</ets>, p. p. of

<ets>cremare</ets> to burn; cf. Skr. <ets>cr<?/</ets> to

cook.]</ety> <def>To burn; to reduce to ashes by the action of

fire, either directly or in an oven or retort; to incremate or

incinerate; <as>as, to <ex>cremate</ex> a corpse, instead of

burying it</as>.</def>



<hw>Cre*ma"tion</hw> <pr>(kr?-m?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>crematio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A burning; esp., the

act or practice of cremating the dead.</def>



<q>Without <qex>cremation</qex> . . . of their bodies.</q>

<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>



<hw>Cre*ma"tion*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who advocates

the practice of cremation.</def>



<hw>Cre*ma"tor</hw> <pr>(-t?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which, cremmates or

consumes to ashes.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Crem`a*to"ri*um</hw> <pr>(kr?m`?-t?"r?-?m)</pr>,

<hw>Crem"a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(kr?m"?-t?-r?)</pr>, }</mhw>

<pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Crematoriums</plw> (-<?/mz),

<plw>Crematories</plw> <pr>(-r<?/z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[NL. 

<ets>crematorium</ets>, fr. L.  <ets>cremator</ets>.]</ety>

<def>A furnace for cremating corpses; a building containing such

a furnace.</def>



<hw>Crem"a*to*ry</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to, or

employed in, cremation.</def>



<hw>Crem"o*carp</hw> <pr>(kr?m"?-k?rp <or/ kr?"m?-)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/ to hang + <?/<?/<?/

fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The peculiar fruit of

fennel, carrott, parsnip, and the like, consisting of a pair of

carpels pendent from a supporting axis.</def>



<hw>Cre*mo"na</hw> <pr>(kr?-m?"n?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

superior kind of violin, formerly made at <xex>Cremona</xex>, in

Italy.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cre"mor</hw> <pr>(kr?"m?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

CF. <er>Cream</er>.]</ety> <def>Cream; a substance resembling

cream; yeast; scum.</def>



<hw>Crem"o*sin</hw> <pr>(kr?m"?-s?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Crimson</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Crems</hw> <pr>(kr?mz)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Krems</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cre"nate</hw> <pr>(kr?n?t)</pr>, <hw>Cre"na*ted</hw>

<pr>(kr?"n?-t?d)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>crena</ets> notch. See <er>Cranny</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the margin cut into rounded teeth

notches, or scallops.</def>



<hw>Cre*na"tion</hw> <pr>(kr?-n?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A rounded tooth on the edge of

a leaf.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The condition of being crenate.</def>



<hw>Cren"a*ture</hw> <pr>(kr?n"?-t?r <or/ kr?"n?-; 135)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A rounded tooth

or notch of a crenate leaf, or any part that is crenate; --

called also <altname>crenelle</altname>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being crenated or notched.</def>



<hw>Cre*nel"</hw> <pr>(kr?-n?l")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Crenelle</er>.</def>



<hw>Cren"el*ate</hw> <pr>(kr?n"?l-?t <or/  kr?"n?l-?t)</pr>,

<pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos>

<er>Crenelated</er> <pr>(-?`t?d)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Crenelating</er> <pr>(-?`t?ng)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL. 

<ets>crenellare</ets>, <ets>kernellare</ets>: cf. F. 

<ets>cr<?/neler</ets> to indent. See <er>Crenelle</er>.]</ety>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>crenellate</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To furnish with crenelles.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To indent; to notch; <as>as, a

<ex>crenelated</ex> leaf</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Crenelated molding</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a kind

of indented molding used in Norman buildings.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cren`el*a"tion</hw> <pr>(-?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>The act of crenelating, or the state of being crenelated; an

indentation or an embrasure.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>crenellation</asp>.]</altsp>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cre*nelle"</hw>, <hw>Cre*nel"</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(kr?-n?l")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>crenel</ets>,

F.  <ets>cr<?/neau</ets>, LL. <ets>crenellus</ets>,

<ets>kernellus</ets>, dim. (prob.) fr. L.  <ets>crena</ets>

notch. See <er>Crenny</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An embrasure

or indentation in a battlement; a loophole in a fortress; an

indentation; a notch. See <er>Merlon</er>, and <xex>Illust</xex>.

of <er>Battlement</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as

<er>Crenature</er>.</def>



<hw>Cre*nelled"</hw> <pr>(kr<?/-n<?/ld")</pr> <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Crenate</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cren"gle</hw> <pr>(kr?n"g'l)</pr>, <hw>Cren"kle</hw>

<pr>(-k'l)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Cringle</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cren"u*late</hw> <pr>(kr?n"?-l?t)</pr>,

<hw>Cren"u*la`ted</hw> <pr>(-l?`t?d)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Dim. of <ets>crenate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Minutely crenate.</def>



<hw>Cren`u*la"tion</hw> <pr>(-l?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A minute crenation.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being minutely scalloped.</def>



<hw>Cre"ole</hw> <pr>(kr?"?l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>cr<?/ole</ets>, Sp. <ets>criollo</ets>, from an American

negro word, perh. a corruption of a Sp.  <ets>criadillo</ets>,

dim. of <ets>criado</ets> servant, formerly also, child, fr. L.

<ets>creatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>creare</ets> to create. Cf.

<er>Create</er>.]</ety> <def>One born of European parents in the

American colonies of France or Spain or in the States which were

once such colonies, esp. a person of French or Spanish descent,

who is a native inhabitant of Louisiana, or one of the States

adjoining, bordering on the Gulf of of Mexico.</def>



<note><hand/ \'bdThe term <xex>creole negro</xex> is employed in

the English West Indies to distinguish the negroes born there

from the Africans imported during the time of the slave trade.

The application of this term to the colored people has led to an

idea common in some parts of the United States, though wholly

unfounded, that it implies an admixture greater or less of

African blood.\'b8</note>



<au>R. Hildreth.</au>



<note><hand/ \'bdThe title [Creole] did not first belong to the

descendants of Spanish, but of French, settlers, But such a

meaning implied a certain excellence of origin, and so came early

to include any native of French or Spanish descent by either

parent, whose nonalliance with the slave race entitled him to

social rank. Later, the term was adopted by, not conceded to, the

natives of mixed blood, and is still so used among themselves.  .

. .  Besides French and Spanish, there are even, for convenience

of speech, 'colored' <xex>Creoles</xex>; but there are no

Italian, or Sicilian, nor any English, Scotch, Irish, or 'Yankee'

<xex>Creoles</xex>, unless of parentage married into, and

themselves thoroughly proselyted in, <xex>Creole</xex>

society.\'b8</note>



<au>G. W. Cable.</au>



<hw>Cre"ole</hw> <pr>(kr?"?l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to a Creole or the Creoles.</def>



<note><hand/ In New Orleans the word <xex>Creole</xex> is applied

to any product, or variety of manufacture, peculiar to Louisiana;

as, <xex>Creole</xex> ponies, chickens, cows, shoes, eggs,

wagons, baskets, etc.</note>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cre*o"le*an</hw> <pr>(kr?-?"l?-a]/>n)</pr>,

<hw>Cre*o"li*an</hw>  }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to,

or characteristic of, the Creoles.</def> -- <def2><pos>n. </pos>

<def>A Creole.</def></def2>



<hw>Cre"o*sol</hw> <pr>(kr?"?-s?l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cresote</ets> + phen<ets>ol</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless liquid resembling phenol or

carbolic acid, homologous with pyrocatechin, and obtained from

beechwood tar and gum guaiacum.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>creasol</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Cre"o*sote</hw> <pr>(kr?"?-s?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/<?/<?/, gen. <?/<?/<?/, flesh + <?/<?/<?/ to preserve.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Wood-tar oil; an oily antiseptic liquid,

of a burning smoky taste, colorless when pure, but usually

colored yellow or brown by impurity or exposure. It is a complex

mixture of various phenols and their ethers, and is obtained by

the distillation of wood tar, especially that of beechwood.</def>



<note><hand/ It is remarkable as an antiseptic and deodorizer in

the preservation of wood, flesh, etc., and in the prevention of

putrefaction; but it is a poor germicide, and in this respect has

been overrated. Smoked meat, as ham, owes its preservation and

taste to a small quantity of creosote absorbed from the smoke to

which it is exposed. <xex>Carbolic acid</xex> is phenol proper,

while <xex>creosote</xex> is a mixture of several phenols.</note>



<cs><col>Coal-tar creosote</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a

colorless or yellow, oily liquid, obtained in the distillation of

coal tar, and resembling wood-tar oil, or creosote proper, in

composition and properties.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cre"o*sote</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Creosoted</er> <pr>(-s?"t?d)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Creosoting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To saturate or

impregnate with creosote, as timber, for the prevention of

decay.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cre"pance</hw> <pr>(kr?"p<it>a</it>ns)</pr>,

<hw>Cre"pane</hw> <pr>(kr?"p?n)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. L. <ets>crepare</ets> to crack.]</ety>

<fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>An injury in a horse's leg, caused by the

shoe of one hind foot striking and cutting the other leg. It

sometimes forms an ulcer.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cr\'88pe</hw> <pr>(kr?p)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Crape</er>.</def>



<hw>Crep"i*tant</hw> <pr>(kr?p"?-t<it>a</it>nt)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Crepitate</er>.]</ety> <def>Having a

crackling sound; crackling; rattling.</def>



<cs><col>Crepitant rale</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a peculiar

crackling sound audible with inspiration in pneumonia and other

lung disease.</cd></cs>



<hw>Crep"i*tate</hw> <pr>(kr<?/p"<?/-t<?/t)</pr>, <pos>v. i.

</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Crepitated</er>

<pr>(-t<?/`t<?/d)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Crepitating</er> <pr>(-t<?/`t<?/ng)</pr>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[L. <ets>crepitatus</ets>, <pos>p. p.</pos> of

<ets>crepitare</ets> to crackle, <pos>v.</pos> intensive of

<ets>crepare</ets> to crack. Cf. <er>Crevice</er>.]</ety> <def>To

make a series of small, sharp, rapidly repeated explosions or

sounds, as salt in fire; to crackle; to snap.</def>



<hw>Crep`i*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(kr?p`?-t?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <xex>cr\'82pitation</xex>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of crepitating or crackling.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A grating or

crackling sensation or sound, as that produced by rubbing two

fragments of a broken bone together, or by pressing upon cellular

tissue containing air.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A crepitant

r\'83le.</def>



<hw>\'d8Crep"i*tus</hw> <pr>(kr?p"?-t?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L., fr.  <ets>crepare</ets> to crack.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The noise produced bu a

sudden discharge of wind from the bowels.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>Same as <er>Crepitation</er>, 2.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cre"pon</hw> <pr>(kr?"p?n; F. kr?`<er>p?n</er>")</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A thin stuff made of the

finest wool or silk, or of wool and silk.</def>



<hw>Crept</hw> <pr>(kr?pt)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of

<er>Creep</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cre*pus"cle</hw> <pr>(kr?-p?s"s'l)</pr>,

<hw>Cre*pus"cule</hw> <pr>(kr?-p?s"k?l)</pr>, }</mhw>

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>crepusculum</ets>, fr.

<ets>creper</ets> dusky, dark: cf. F. 

<ets>cr<?/puscule</ets>.]</ety> <def>Twilight.</def>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cre*pus"cu*lar</hw> <pr>(-k?-l?r)</pr>,

<hw>Cre*pus"cu*lous</hw> <pr>(-l?s)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>cr<?/pusculaire</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Pertaining to twilight; glimmering; hence, imperfectly clear

or luminous.</def>



<q>This semihistorical and <qex>crepuscular</qex> period.</q>

<qau>Sir G. C. Lewis.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Flying in the twilight or

evening, or before sunrise; -- said certain birds and

insects.</def>



<q>Others feed only in the twilight, as bats and owls, and are

called <qex>crepuscular</qex>.</q>

<qau>Whewell.</qau>



<hw>Cro*pus"cu*line</hw> <pr>(-l?n)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Crepuscular.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sprat.</au>



<hw>Cres"cence</hw> <pr>(kr?s"s<it>e</it>ns)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[See <er>Crescent</er>.]</ety> <def>Increase;

enlargement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>And toward the moon's attractive <qex>crescence</qex>

bend.</q>

<qau>H. Brooke.</qau>



<hw>Cres*cen"do</hw> <pr>(kr?s-s?n"d?; It. kr?-sh?n"d?)</pr>,

<pos>a. & adv.</pos> <ety>[It., from <ets>crescere</ets> to

increase. See <er>Crescent</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>

<def>With a constantly increasing volume of voice; with gradually

increasing strength and fullness of tone; -- a direction for the

performance of music, indicated by the mark, or by writing the

word on the score.</def>



<hw>Cres*cen"do</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A gradual increase in the strength and fullness

of tone with which a passage is performed.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>A pssage to be performed with constantly increasing volume

of tone.</def>



<hw>Cres"cent</hw> <pr>(kr?s"s<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[OE.  <ets>cressent</ets>, <ets>cressaunt</ets>, crescent

(in sense 1), OF.  <ets>creissant</ets> increasing, F. 

<ets>croissant</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>cro<?/tre</ets>, OF. 

<ets>creistre</ets>, fr. L. <ets>crescere</ets> to increase, v.

incho.; akin to <ets>creare</ets> to create. See <er>Create</er>,

and cf. Accrue, Increase, Crescendo.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

increasing moon; the moon in her first quarter, or when defined

by a concave and a convex edge; also, applied improperly to the

old or decreasing moon in a like state.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything having the shape of a crescent or new

moon.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A representation of the increasing moon, often

used as an emblem or badge</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A symbol

of Artemis, or Diana.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The ancient symbol

of Byzantium or Constantinople.</def> Hence: <sd>(c)</sd>

<def>The emblem of the Turkish Empire, adopted after the taking

of Constantinople.</def>



<q>The cross of our faith is replanted,

The pale, dying <qex>crescent</qex> is daunted.</q>

<qau>Campbell.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Any one of three orders of knighthood; the first

instituted by Charles I., king of Naples and Sicily, in 1268; the

second by Ren\'82 of Anjou, in 1448; and the third by the Sultan

Selim III., in 1801, to be conferred upon foreigners to whom

Turkey might be indebted for valuable services.</def>



<au>Brande & C.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>The emblem of the increasing

moon with horns directed upward, when used in a coat of arms; --

often used as a mark of cadency to distinguish a second son and

his descendants.</def>



<hw>Cres"cent</hw> <pr>(kr?s"s<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Shaped like a crescent.</def>



<q>Astarte, queen of heaven, with <qex>crescent</qex> horns.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Increasing; growing.</def>



<q>O, I see the <qex>crescent</qex> promise of my spirit hath not

set.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Cres"cent</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To form

into a crescent, or something resembling a crescent.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Anna Seward.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To adorn with crescents.</def>



<hw>Cres*cen"tic</hw> <pr>(kr?s-s?n"t?k)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Crescent-shaped.</def> \'bd<xex>Crescentic</xex> lobes.\'b8



<au>R. Owen.</au>



<hw>Cres"cent*wise`</hw> <pr>(kr?s"s<it>e</it>nt-w?z`)</pr>,

<pos>adv.</pos> <def>In the form of a crescent; like a

crescent.</def>



<au>Tennyson.</au>



<hw>Cres"cive</hw> <pr>(kr?s"s?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. 

<ets>crescere</ets> to increase.]</ety> <def>Increasing;

growing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Unseen, yet <qex>crescive</qex> in his faculty.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Cre"sol</hw> <pr>(kr?"s?l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Creosote</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Any one of

three metameric substances, <chform>CH3.C6H4.OH</chform>,

homologous with and resembling phenol. They are obtained from

coal tar and wood tar, and are colorless, oily liquids or solids.

<note>[Called also <altname>cresylic

acid</altname>.]</note></def>



<hw>Cre*sor"cin</hw> <pr>(kr?-s?r"s?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Isorcin</er>.</def>



<hw>Cress</hw> <pr>(kr?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Cresses</plw> <pr>(kr<?/s"<?/z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[OE.

<ets>ces</ets>, <ets>cresse</ets>, <ets>kers</ets>,

<ets>kerse</ets>, AS. <ets>cresse</ets>, <ets>cerse</ets>; akin

to D. <ets>kers</ets>, G. <ets>kresse</ets>, Dan.

<ets>karse</ets>, Sw. <ets>krasse</ets>, and possibly also to

OHG. <ets>chresan</ets> to creep.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

plant of various species, chiefly cruciferous. The leaves have a

moderately pungent taste, and are used as a salad and

antiscorbutic.</def>



<note><hand/ The garden cress, called also

<altname>peppergrass</altname>, is the <spn>Lepidium

sativum</spn>; the water cress is the <spn>Nasturtium

officinale</spn>. Various other plants are sometimes called

<xex>cresses</xex>.</note>



<q>To strip the brook with mantling <qex>cresses</qex>

spread.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<cs><col>Bitter cress</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bitter</er>.</cd>

-- <mcol><col>Not worth a cress</col>, <or/ <col>\'bd<xex>not

worth a kers</xex>.\'b8</col></mcol> <cd>a common old proverb,

now turned into the meaningless \'bd<xex>not worth a

curse</xex>.\'b8</cd>



<au>Skeat.</au>

</cs>



<hw>Cres*selle"</hw> <pr>(kr?s-s?l")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>cr\'82celle</ets> rattle.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A

wooden rattle sometimes used as a substitute for a bell, in the

Roman Catholic church, during the latter part of Holy Week, or

the last week of Lent.</def>



<hw>Cres"set</hw> <pr>(kr?s"s?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>crasset</ets>, <ets>cresset</ets>, sort of lamp or torch;

perh. of Dutch or German origin, and akin to E. <ets>cruse</ets>,

F.  <ets>creuset</ets> crucible, E.  <ets>crucible</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>An open frame or basket of iron, filled with

combustible material, to be burned as a beacon; an open lamp or

firrepan carried on a pole in nocturnal processions.</def>



<q>Starry lamps and blazing <qex>cressets</qex>, fed

With naphtha and asphaltus.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>As a <qex>cresset</qex> true that darts its length

Of beamy luster from a tower of strength.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Coopering)</fld> <def>A small furnace or iron

cage to hold fire for charring the inside of a cask, and making

the staves flexible.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Cress"y</hw> <pr>(kr?s"?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Abounding

in cresses.</def>



<q>The <qex>cressy</qex> islets white in flower.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Crest</hw> <pr>(kr?st)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>creste</ets>, F. <ets>cr<?/te</ets>, L. 

<ets>crista</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A tuft, or other excrescence or natural

ornament, growing on animal's head; the comb of a cock; the

swelling on the head of a serpent; the lengthened feathers of the

crown or nape of bird, etc.</def>



<au>Darwin.</au>



<q>[Attack] his rising <qex>crest</qex>, and drive the serpent

back.</q>

<qau>C. Pitt.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The plume of feathers, or other decoration, worn

on a helmet; the distinctive ornament of a helmet, indicating the

rank of the weare; hence, also, the helmet.</def>



<q>Stooping low his lofty <qex>crest</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<q>And on his head there stood upright

A <qex>crest</qex>, in token of a knight.</q>

<qau>Gower.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A bearing worn, not upon the

shield, but usually above it, or separately as an ornament for

plate, liveries, and the like. It is a relic of the ancient

cognizance. See <er>Cognizance</er>, 4.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The upper curve of a horse's neck.</def>



<q>Throwing the base thong from his bending <qex>crest</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The ridge or top of wave.</def>



<q>Like wave with <qex>crest</qex> of sparkling foam.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>The summit of a hill or mountain ridge.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>The helm or head, as typical of a high spirit;

pride; courage.</def>



<q>Now the time is come

That France must vail her lofty plumed <qex>crest</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The ornamental finishing

which surmounts the ridge of a roof, canopy, etc.</def>



<q>The finials of gables and pinnacles are sometimes called

<qex>crest</qex>.</q>

<qau>Parker.</qau>



<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(Engin.)</fld> <def>The top line of a slope or

embankment.</def>



<cs><col>Crest tile</col>, <cd>a tile made to cover the ridge of

a roof, fitting upon it like a saddle.</cd> -- <col>Interior

crest</col> <fld>(Fort.)</fld>, <cd>the highest line of the

parapet.</cd></cs>



<hw>Crest</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Crested</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Cresting</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To furnish with,

or surmount as, a crest; to serve as a crest for.





<-- p. 344 -->



<q>His legs bestrid the ocean, his reared arm

<qex>Crested</qex> the world.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Mid groves of clouds that <qex>crest</qex> the mountain's

brow.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To mark with lines or streaks, like, or regarded

as like, waving plumes.</def>



<q>Like as the shining sky in summer's night, . . . 

Is <qex>crested</qex> with lines of fiery light.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Crest</hw> <pr>(kr?st)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To form a

crest.</def>



<hw>Crest"ed</hw> <pr>(kr?st"?d)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Having a crest.</def>



<q>But laced <qex>crested</qex> helm.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a crest of feathers

or hair upon the head.</def> \'bdThe <xex>crested</xex> bird.\'b8



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bott.)</fld> <def>Bearing any elevated

appendage like a crest, as an elevated line or ridge, or a

tuft.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>Crest"fall`en</hw> <pr>(-f?l`'n)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>With hanging head; hence, dispirited; dejected;

cowed.</def>



<q>Let it make thee <qex>crestfullen</qex>;

Ay, and allay this thy abortive pride.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having the crest, or upper part of the neck,

hanging to one side; -- said of a horse.</def>



<hw>Crest"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An

ornamental finish on the top of a wall or ridge of a roof.</def>



<hw>Crest"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without a crest or

escutcheon; of low birth.</def> \'bd<xex>Crestless</xex>

yeomen.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Cre*syl"ic</hw> <pr>(kr?-s?l"?k)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[From <er>Creosote</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>Pertaining to, or derived from, cresol, creosote, etc.</def>



<cs><col>Cresylic acid</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See

<er>Cresol</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cre*ta"ceous</hw> <pr>(kr?-t?"sh?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>cretaceus</ets>, fr.  <ets>creta</ets> chalk. See

<er>Crayon</er>.]</ety> <def>Having the qualities of

chalk;abounding with chalk; chalky; <as>as, <ex>cretaceous</ex>

rocks and formations</as>. See <er>Chalk</er>.</def>



<cs><col>Cretaceous acid</col>, <cd>an old name for carbonic

acid.</cd> -- <col>Cretaceous formation</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>,

<cd>the series of strata of various kinds, including beds of

chalk, green sand, etc., formed in the Cretaceous period; --

called also the <altname>chalk formation</altname>. See the

Diagram under <er>Geology</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cretaceous

period</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>the time in the latter part

of the Mesozoic age during which the Cretaceous formation was

deposited.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cre*ta"ceous*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a chalky

manner; as chalk.</def>



<hw>Cre"tan</hw> <pr>(kr?"t<it>a</it>n)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to Crete, or Candia.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos>

<def> A native or inhabitant of Crete or Candia.</def></def2>



<hw>Crete</hw> <pr>(kr?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Cres</ets>, <ets>Cretis</ets>.]</ety> <def>A Cretan</def>



<hw>Cre"tian</hw> <pr>(kr?"sh<it>a</it>n)</pr>, <pos>a. &

n.</pos> <def>See <er>Cretan</er>.</def>



<hw>Cre"tic</hw> <pr>(kr?"t?k)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Creticus</ets> (sc. <ets>pes</ets> foot), Gr.

<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ (sc. <?/<?/<?/<?/ foot), prop., a Cretan

(metrical) foot.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. & Lat. Pros.)</fld> <def>A

poetic foot, composed of one short syllable between two long ones

(-<?/-).</def>



<au>Bentley.</au>



<hw>Cre"ti*cism</hw> <pr>(-t?-s?z'm)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Falsehood; lying; cretism.</def>



<hw>Cre"tin</hw> <pr>(kr?"t?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>cr\'82tin</ets>; of uncertain origin.]</ety> <def>One

afflicted with cretinism.</def>



<hw>Cre"tin*ism</hw> <pr>(kr?"t?n-\'b5z'm)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F. <ets>cr<?/tinisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>A condition of

endemic or inherited idiocy, accompanied by physical degeneracy

and deformity (usually with goiter), frequent in certain mountain

valleys, esp. of the Alps.</def>



<hw>Cre"tin*ous</hw> <pr>(-?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

the characteristics of a cretin.</def> \'bd<xex>Cretinous</xex>

stupefaction.\'b8



<au>Ruskin.</au>



<hw>Cre"tism</hw> <pr>(kr?"t?z'm)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ lying, fr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ to act like a Cretan,

that is, to Me. \'bdThe Cretians are always liars.\'b8

<ets>Titus</ets> i. 12.]</ety> <def>A Cretan practice; iying; a

falsehood.</def>



<hw>Cre*tonne"</hw> <pr>(kr?-t?n")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,

gr. <ets>Creton</ets>, its first manufacturer.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A strong white fabric with warp of hemp and welt of

flax.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A fabric with cotton warp and woolen weft.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A kind of chintz with a glossy surface.</def>



<hw>Cre"tose</hw> <pr>(kr?"t?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cretosus</ets>, fr.  <ets>creta</ets> chalk.]</ety>

<def>Chalky; cretaceous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Ash.</au>



<hw>Creut"zer</hw> <def>(kroitn. See <er>Kreutzer</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Creux</hw> <pr>(kr?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,

<ets>adj</ets>., hollow, <pos>n.</pos>, a hollow.]</ety>

<def>Used in English only in the expression <xex>en creux</xex>.

Thus, engraving <xex>en creux</xex> is engraving in intaglio, or

by sinking or hollowing out the design.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cre`val*le"</hw> <pr>(kr?`v?l-l?")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Prob. of same origin as <ets>cavally</ets>. See

<er>Cavally</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>The cavally or jurel.</def> See <er>Cavally</er>, and

<er>Jurel</er>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The pompano (<spn>Trachynotus

Carolinus</spn>).</def>



<hw>\'d8Cre`vasse"</hw> <pr>(kr?`v?s")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F. See <er>Crevice</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A deep

crevice or fissure, as in embankment; one of the clefts or

fissure by which the mass of a glacier is divided.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A breach in the levee or embankment of a river,

caused by the pressure of the water, as on the lower

Mississippi.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>



<hw>Crev"et</hw> <pr>(kr?v"?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Creut</er>.]</ety> <def>A crucible or melting pot; a

cruset.</def>



<au>Crabb.</au>



<hw>Crev"ice</hw> <pr>(kr?v"?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>crevace</ets>, <ets>crevice</ets>. F.  <ets>crevasse</ets>,

fr. <ets>crever</ets> to break, burst, fr. L. <ets>crepare</ets>

to crack,break. Cf. <er>Craven</er>, <er>Crepitate</er>,

<er>Crevasse</er>.]</ety> <def>A narrow opening resulting from a

split or crack or the separation of a junction; a cleft; a

fissure; a rent.</def>



<q>The mouse,

Behind the moldering wainscot, shrieked,

Or from the <qex>crevice</qex> peered about.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Crev"ice</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To crack; to flaw.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Sir H. Wotton.</au>



<hw>Crev"iced</hw> <pr>(-?st)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a

crevice or crevices; <as>as, a <ex>creviced</ex> structure for

storing ears of corn</as>.</def>



<q>Trickling through the <qex>creviced</qex> rock.</q>

<qau>J. Cunningham.</qau>



<hw>Crev"is</hw> <pr>(-?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The crawfish.</def> <mark>[Prov.

Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Crew</hw> <pr>(kr?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>The Manx shearwater.</def>



<hw>Crew</hw> <pr>(kr?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From older

<ets>accrue</ets> accession, re<?/n<?/orcement, hence, company,

crew; the first syllable being misunderstood as the indefinite

article. See <er>Accrue</er>, <er>Crescent</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A company of people associated together; an

assemblage; a throng.</def>



<q>There a noble <qex>crew</qex>

Of lords and ladies stood on every side.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<q>Faithful to whom? to thy rebellious <qex>crew</qex>?</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The company of seamen who man a ship, vessel, or

at; the company belonging to a vessel or a boat.</def>



<note><hand/ The word <xex>crew</xex>, in law, is ordinarily used

as equivalent to <xex>ship's company</xex>, including master and

other officers. When the master and other officers are excluded,

the context always shows it.</note>



<au>Story. Burrill.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>In an extended sense, any small body of men

associated for a purpose; a gang; as <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, the

carpenter's <xex>crew</xex>; the boatswain's

<xex>crew</xex>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Company; band; gang; horde; mob; herd; throng;

party.</syn>



<hw>Crew</hw> <pr>(kr?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp.</pos> of

<er>Crow</er></def>.



<hw>Crew"el</hw> <pr>(kr?"?l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Perh. for

<ets>clewel</ets>, dim. of <ets>clew</ets> a ball of thread; or

cf. D.  <ets>krul</ets> curl, E.  <ets>curl</ets>.

<root/26.]</ety> <def>Worsted yarn,, slackly twisted, used for

embroidery.</def>



<hw>Crew"el*work`</hw> <pr>(-w?rk`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Embroidery in crewels, commonly done upon some plain

material, such as linen.</def>



<hw>Crew"et</hw> <pr>(kr?"?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Cruet</er>.</def>



<hw>Crib</hw> <pr>(kr?b)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>crybb</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>kribbja</ets>, D.

<ets>krib</ets>, <ets>kribbe</ets>, Dan. <ets>krybbe</ets>, G.

<ets>krippe</ets>, and perh. to MHG. <ets>krebe</ets> basket, G,

<ets>korb</ets>, and E. <ets>rip</ets> a sort of wicker

basket.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A manger or rack; a feeding place for

animals.</def>



<q>The steer lion at one <qex>crib</qex> shall meet.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A stall for oxen or other cattle.</def>



<q>Where no oxen are, the <qex>crib</qex> is clean.</q>

<qau>Prov. xiv. 4.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A small inclosed bedstead or cot for a

child.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A box or bin, or similar wooden structure, for

storing grain, salt, etc.; <as>as, a <ex>crib</ex> for corn or

oats</as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A hovel; a hut; a cottage.</def>



<q>Why rather, Sleep, liest thou in smoky <qex>cribs</qex>, . . .



Than in the perfumed chambers of the great?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A structure or frame of

timber for a foundation, or for supporting a roof, or for lining

a shaft.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>A structure of logs to be anchored with stones;

-- used for docks, pier, dams, etc.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>A small raft of timber.</def>

<mark>[Canada]</mark>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>A small theft; anything purloined;; a

plagiaris<?/; hence, a translation or key, etc., to aid a student

in preparing or reciting his lessons.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<q>The Latin version technically called a <qex>crib</qex>.</q>

<qau>Ld. Lytton.</qau>



<q>Occasional perusal of the Pagan writers, assisted by a

<qex>crib</qex>.</q>

<qau>Wilkie Collins.</qau>



<sn>10.</sn> <def>A miner's luncheon.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>



<au>Raymond.</au>



<sn>11.</sn> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld> <def>The discarded cards

which the dealer can use in scoring points in cribbage.</def>



<hw>Crib</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. &

p.p.</pos> <er>Cribbed</er> <pr>(kr?bd)</pr>; <pos>p.pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Cribbing</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To shut

up or confine in a narrow habitation; to cage; to cramp.</def>



<q>If only the vital energy be not <qex>cribbed</qex> or

cramped.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<q>Now I am cabin'd, <qex>cribbed</qex>, confined.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To pilfer or purloin; hence, to steal from an

author; to appropriate; to plagiarize; <as>as, to <ex>crib</ex> a

line from Milton</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<q>Child, being fond of toys, <qex>cribbed</qex> the

necklace.</q>

<qau>Dickens.</qau>



<hw>Crib</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To crowd

together, or to be confined, as in a crib or in narrow

accommodations.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Who sought to make . . . bishops to <qex>crib</qex> in a

Presbyterian trundle bed.</q>

<qau>Gauden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make notes for dishonest use in recitation or

examination.</def> <mark>[College Cant]</mark>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To seize the manger or other solid object with

the teeth and draw in wind; -- said of a horse.</def>



<hw>Crib"bage</hw> <pr>(kr?b"?j)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Crib</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, 2.]</ety> <def>A game of cards,

played by two or four persons, in which there is a crib. (See

<er>Crib</er>, 11.) It is characterized by a great variety of

chances.</def>



<q>A man's fancy would be summed up in <qex>cribbage</qex>.</q>

<qau>John Hall.</qau>



<cs><col>Cribbage board</col>, <cd>a board with holes and pegs,

used by cribbage players to score their game.</cd></cs>



<mhw>{ <hw>Crib"er</hw> <pr>(kr?b"?r)</pr>, <hw>Crib"-bit`er</hw>

<pr>(-b?t"?r)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A horse that has

the habit of cribbing.</def>



<hw>Crib"bing</hw> <pr>(kr?b"b?ng)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of inclosing or confining in a crib or

in close quarters.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Purloining; stealing; plagiarizing.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A framework of timbers and

plank backing for a shaft lining, to prevent caving, percolation

of water, etc.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A vicious habit of a horse; crib-biting. The

horse lays hold of the crib or manger with his teeth and draws

air into the stomach with a grunting sound.</def>



<hw>Crib"-bit`ing</hw> <pr>(kr?b"b?t`?ng)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Same as <er>Cribbing</er>, 4.</def>



<hw>Crib"ble</hw> <pr>(kr?b"b'l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>crible</ets>, LL. <ets>criblus</ets> sieve, fr. L.

<ets>cribrum</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A coarse sieve or

screen.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Coarse flour or meal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Crib"ble</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Cribbled</er> <pr>(-b'ld)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Cribbling</er> <pr>(-bl?ng)</pr>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[Cf. F.  <ets>cribler</ets>.]</ety> <def>To cause to pass

through a sieve or riddle; to sift.</def>



<hw>Crib"ble</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Coarse; <as>as,

<ex>cribble</ex> bread</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Huloet.</au>



<hw>\'d8Cri*bel"lum</hw> <pr>(kr?b?l"l?m)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L., a small sieve, dim. of <ets>cribrum</ets> sieve.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A peculiar perforated organ of certain

spiders (<spn>Ciniflonid\'91</spn>), used for spinning a special

kind of silk.</def>



<hw>Crib"rate</hw> <pr>(kr?b"r?t)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cribratus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>cribrare</ets> to sift, fr.

<ets>cribrum</ets> a sieve.]</ety> <def>Cribriform.</def>



<hw>Cri*bra"tion</hw> <pr>(kr?-br?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F.  <ets>cribration</ets>, fr. L. <ets>cribrare</ets>

to sift. See <er>Cribble</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<fld>(Pharmacy)</fld> <def>The act or process of separating the

finer parts of drugs from the coarser by sifting.</def>



<hw>Crib"ri*form</hw> <pr>(kr?b"r?f?rm)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>cribrum</ets> sieve + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>cribriforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling, or having the

form of, a sieve; pierced with hokes; <as>as, the

<ex>cribriform</ex> plate of the ethmoid bone; a

<ex>cribriform</ex> compress.</as></def>



<cs><col>Cribriform cells</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>those

which have here and there oblique or transverse sieve plates, or

places perforated with many holes.</cd></cs>



<hw>Crib"rose</hw> <pr>(kr?b"r?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cribrum</ets> sieve.]</ety> <def>Perforated like a sieve;

cribriform.</def>



<hw>Cric</hw> <pr>(kr?k)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[prob. fr. F.

<xex>cric</xex> a jackscrew.]</ety> <def>The ring which turns

inward and condenses the flame of a lamp.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Crick</hw> <pr>(kr?k)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Creak</er>.]</ety> <def>The creaking of a door, or a noise

resembling it.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Crick</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[The same as <ets>creek</ets>

a bending, twisting. See <er>Creek</er>, <er>Crook</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A painful, spasmodic affection of the muscles of

some part of the body, as of the neck or back, rendering it

difficult to move the part.</def>



<q> To those also that, with a <qex>crick</qex> or cramp, have

thei necks drawn backward.</q>

<qau>Holland.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>cric</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small

jackscrew.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Crick"et</hw> <pr>(kr?k"?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>criket</ets>, OF.  <ets>crequet</ets>, <ets>criquet</ets>;

prob. of German origin, and akin to E. <ets>creak</ets>; cf. D.

<ets>kriek</ets> a cricket. See <er>Creak</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An orthopterous insect of the genus

<spn>Gryllus</spn>, and allied genera. The males make chirping,

musical notes by rubbing together the basal parts of the veins of

the front wings.</def>



<note><hand/ The common European cricket is <spn>Gryllus

domesticus</spn>; the common large black crickets of America are

<spn>G. niger</spn>, <spn>G. neglectus</spn>, and others.</note>



<cs><col>Balm cricket</col>. <cd>See under <er>Balm</er>.</cd> --

<col>Cricket bird</col>, <cd>a small European bird (<spn>Silvia

locustella</spn>); -- called also <altname>grasshopper

warbler</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Cricket frog</col>, <cd>a small

American tree frog (<spn>Acris gryllus</spn>); -- so called from

its chirping.</cd></cs>



<hw>Crick"et</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.  <ets>cricc</ets>,

<ets>crycc</ets>, crooked staff, crutch. Perh. first used in

sense 1, a stool prob. having been first used as a wicket. See

<er>Crutch</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A low stool.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A game much played in England, and sometimes in

America, with a ball, bats, and wickets, the players being

arranged in two contesting parties or sides.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A small false roof, or the

raising of a portion of a roof, so as to throw off water from

behind an obstacle, such as a chimney.</def>



<hw>Crick"et</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To play at

cricket.</def>



<au>Tennyson.</au>



<hw>Crick"et*er</hw> <pr>(kr?k"?t-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>One who plays at cricket.</def>



<hw>Cri"coid</hw> <pr>(kr?"koid)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/<?/<?/<?/ ring + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>Resembling a ring; -- said esp. of the cartilage at the

larynx, and the adjoining parts.</def>



<hw>Cri`co*thy"roid</hw> <pr>(-k?-th?"roid)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining both to the cricoid and

the thyroid cartilages.</def>



<hw>Cried</hw> <pr>(kr?d)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of

<er>Cry</er>.</def>



<hw>Cri"er</hw> <pr>(kr?"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>crieur</ets>. See <er>Cry</er>.]</ety> <def>One who cries;

one who makes proclamation. Specifically, an officer who proclams

the orders or directions of a court, or who gives public notice

by loud proclamation; <as>as, a town-<ex>crier</ex></as>.</def>



<q>He openeth his mouth like a <xex>crier</xex>.</q>

<qau>Ecclus. xx. 15.</qau>



<hw>Crime</hw> <pr>(kr?m)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[F.

<ets>crime</ets>, fr. L.  <ets>crimen</ets> judicial decision,

that which is subjected to such a decision, charge, fault, crime,

fr. the root of <ets>cernere</ets> to decide judicially. See

<er>Certain</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Any violation of law,

either divine or human; an omission of a duty commanded, or the

commission of an act forbidden by law.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Gross violation of human law, in distinction

from a misdemeanor or trespass, or other slight offense. Hence,

also, any aggravated offense against morality or the public

welfare; any outrage or great wrong.</def> \'bdTo part error from

<xex>crime</xex>.\'b8



<au>Tennyson.</au>



<note><hand/ <xex>Crimes</xex>, in the English common law, are

grave offenses which were originally capitally punished (murder,

rape, robbery, arson, burglary, and larceny), as distinguished

from misdemeanors, which are offenses of a lighter grade. See

<er>Misdemeanors</er>.</note>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Any great wickedness or sin; iniguity.</def>



<q>No<qex>crime</qex> was thine, if 'tis no <qex>crime</qex> to

love.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>That which occasion crime.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The tree of life, the <qex>crime</qex> of our first father's

fall.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<cs><col>Capital crime</col>, <cd>a crime punishable with

death.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Sin; vice; iniquity; wrong.</syn> <usage> --

<er>Crime</er>, <er>Sin</er>,<er>Vice</er>.  <xex>Sin</xex> is

the generic term, embracing wickedness of every kind, but

specifically denoting an offense as committed against God.

<xex>Crime</xex> is strictly a violation of law either human or

divine; but in present usage the term is commonly applied to

actions contrary to the laws of the State. <xex>Vice</xex> is

more distinctively that which springs from the inordinate

indulgence of the natural appetites, which are in themselves

innocent. Thus intemperance, unchastity, duplicity, etc., are

<xex>vices</xex>; while murder, forgery, etc., which spring from

the indulgence of selfish passions, are

<xex>crimes</xex>.</usage>



<hw>Crime"ful</hw> <pr>(kr?m"f?l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Criminal; wicked; contrary to law, right, or dury.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Crime"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Free from crime;

innocent.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Crim"i*nal</hw> <pr>(kr?m"?-n<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>criminalis</ets>, fr.  <ets>crimen</ets>: cf. F. 

<ets>criminel</ets>. See <er>Crime</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Guilty of crime or sin.</def>



<q>The neglect of any of the relative duties renders us

<qex>criminal</qex> in the sight of God.</q>

<qau>Rogers.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Involving a crime; of the nature of a crime; --

said of an act or of conduct; <as>as, <ex>criminal</ex>

carelessness</as>.</def>



<q>Foppish and fantastic ornaments are only indications of vice,

not <qex>criminal</qex> in themselves.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Relating to crime; -- opposed to

<xex>civil</xex>; <as>as, the <ex>criminal</ex> code</as>.</def>



<q>The officers and servants of the crown, violating the personal

liberty, or other right of the subject . . . were in some cases

liable to <qex>criminal</qex> process.</q>

<qau>Hallam.</qau>



<cs><col>Criminal action</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an action or

suit instituted to secure conviction and punishment for a

crime.</cd> -- <col>Criminal conversation</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>,

<cd>unlawful intercourse with a married woman; adultery; --

usually abbreviated, <xex>crim. con</xex>.</cd> -- <col>Criminal

law</col>, <cd>the law which relates to crimes.</cd></cs>



<hw>Crim"i*nal</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who has commited a

crime; especially, one who is found guilty by verdict,

confession, or proof; a malefactor; a felon.</def>



<hw>Crim"i*nal*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One versed in

criminal law.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<-- p. 345 -->



<hw>Crim`i*nal"i*ty</hw> <pr>(kr?m`?-n?l"?-t?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL. <ets>criminalitas</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>criminalis</ets>. See <er>Criminal</er>.]</ety> <def>The

quality or state of being criminal; that which constitutes a

crime; guiltiness; guilt.</def>



<q>This is by no means the only criterion of

<qex>criminality</qex>.</q>

<qau>Blackstone.</qau>



<hw>Crim"i*nal*ly</hw> <pr>(kr?m"?-n<it>a</it>l-l?)</pr>,

<pos>adv.</pos> <def>In violation of law; wickedly.</def>



<hw>Crim"i*nal*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Criminality.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Crim"i*nate</hw> <pr>(kr<?/m"<?/-n<?/t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.

</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp & p. p.</pos> <er>Criminated</er>

<pr>(-n<?/`t<?/d)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Criminating</er> <pr>(-n<?/"t<?/ng)</pr>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[L. <ets>criminatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>criminare</ets>,

<ets>criminari</ets>, to criminate, fr. <ets>crimen</ets>. See

<er>Crime</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To accuse of, or charge

with, a crime.</def>



<q>To <qex>criminate</qex>, with the heavy and ungrounded charge

of disloyalty and disaffection, an uncorrupt, independent, and

reforming parliament.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To involve in a crime or in its consequences; to

render liable to a criminal charge.</def>



<q>Impelled by the strongest pressure of hope and fear to

<qex>criminate</qex> him.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Crim`i*na"tion</hw> <pr>(kr?m`?-n?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>criminatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of accusing;

accusation; charge; complaint.</def>



<q>The <qex>criminations</qex> and recriminations of the adverse

parties.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Crim"i*na*tive</hw> <pr>(kr?m"?-n?-t?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Charging with crime; accusing; criminatory.</def>



<au>R. North.</au>



<hw>Crim"i*na*to*ry</hw> <pr>(-t?-r?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Relating to, or involving, crimination; accusing; <as>as, a

<ex>criminatory</ex> conscience</as>.</def>



<hw>Crim`i*nol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(-n?l"?-j?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>crimen</ets>, <ets>crimenis</ets>, crime + 

<ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A treatise on crime or the criminal

population.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Crim`i*nol"o*gist</wf>

<pr>(-j<?/st)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Crim"i*nous</hw> <pr>(kr?m"?-n?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L.  <ets>criminosus</ets>, fr.  <ets>crimen</ets>. See

<er>Crime</er>.]</ety> <def>Criminal; involving great crime or

grave charges; very wicked; heinous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Holland.</au>



-- <wordforms><wf>Crim"i*nous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos>. --

<wf>Crim"i*nous*ness</wf>,<pos>n.</pos>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>



<hw>Crim"o*sin</hw> <pr>(kr?m"?-z?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Crimson</er>.</def>



<hw>Crim</hw> <pr>(kr?mp)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Crimped</er> <pr>(kr?mt;

215)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Crimping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Akin to D. 

<ets>krimpen</ets> to shrink, shrivel, Sw.  <ets>krympa</ets>,

Dan.  <ets>krympe</ets>, and to E. <ets>cramp</ets>.  See

<er>Cramp</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To fold or plait in

regular undulation in such a way that the material will retain

the shape intended; to give a wavy apperance to; <as>as, to

<ex>crimp</ex> the border of a cap; to <ex>crimp</ex> a

ruffle</as>.  Cf. <er>Crisp</er>.</def>



<q>The comely hostess in a <qex>crimped</qex> cap.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To pinch and hold; to seize.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Hence, to entrap into the military or naval

service; <as>as, to <ex>crimp</ex> seamen</as>.</def>



<q>Coaxing and courting with intent to <qex>crimp</qex> him.</q>

<qau>Carlyle.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>To cause to contract, or to

render more crisp, as the flesh of a fish, by gashing it, when

living, with a knife; <as>as, to <ex>crimp</ex> skate,

etc.</as></def>



<cs><col>Crimping house</col>, <cd>a low lodging house, into

which men are decoyed and plied with drink, to induce them to

ship or enlist as sailors or soldiers.</cd> -- <col>Crimping

iron</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>An iron instrument for crimping and

curling the hair.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A crimping machine.</cd>

-- <col>Crimping machine</col>, <cd>a machine with fluted rollers

or with dies, for crimping ruffles leather, iron, etc.</cd> --

<col>Crimping pin</col>, <cd>an instrument for crimping or

puckering the border of a lady's cap.</cd></cs>



<hw>Crimp</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Easily crumbled;

friable; brittle.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Now the fowler . . . treads the <qex>crimp</qex> earth.</q>

<qau>J. Philips.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Weak; inconsistent; contradictory.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>The evidance is <qex>crimp</qex>; the witnesses swear backward

and forward, and contradict themselves.</q>

<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>



<hw>Crimp</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A coal

broker.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<au>De Foe.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who decoys or entraps men into the military

or naval service.</def>



<au> Marryat.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A keeper of a low lodging house where sailors

and emigrants are entrapped and fleeced.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Hair which has been crimped; -- usually in

<it>pl.</it></def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A game at cards.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<cs><col>Boot crimp</col>. <cd>See under <er>Boot</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Crimp"age</hw> <pr>(-?j)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act or

practice of crimping; money paid to a crimp for shipping or

enlisting men.</def>



<hw>Crimp"er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, crimps; as: <sd>(a)</sd> A curved board or frame over

which the upper of a boot or shoe is stretched to the required

shape. <sd>(b)</sd> A device for giving hair a wavy apperance.

<sd>(c)</sd> A machine for crimping or ruffling textile

fabrics.</def>



<hw>Crim"ple</hw> <pr>(kr?m"p'l)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Crimpled</er>

<pr>(-p'ld)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Crimpling</er>

<pr>(-pl?ng)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Dim. of <ets>crimp</ets>,

v. t. ]</ety> <def>To cause to shrink or draw together; to

contract; to curl.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Wiseman.</au>



<hw>Crimp"y</hw> <pr>(kr?mp"?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a

crimped appearance; frizzly; <as>as, the <ex>crimpy</ex> wool of

the Saxony sheep</as>.</def>



<hw>Crim"son</hw> <pr>(kr?m"z'n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>crimson</ets>, OF.  <ets>crimoisin</ets>, F. 

<ets>cramoisi</ets> (cf. Sp. <ets>carmesi</ets>.) LL. 

<ets>carmesinus</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>qermazi</ets>, fr.

<ets>qermez</ets> crimson, kermes, fr. Skr.  <ets>k<?/mija</ets>

produced by a worm; <ets>k<?/mi</ets> worm or insect + 

<ets>jan</ets> to generate; akin to E.  <ets>kin</ets>. CF. 

<er>Carmine</er>, <er>Kermes</er>.]</ety> <def>A deep red color

tinged with blue; also, red color in general.</def>



<q>Theugh jour be as scarlet, they shall be as white as snow;

though they be red like <qex>crimson</qex>, they shall be as

wool.</q>

<qau>Is. i. 18.</qau>



<q>A maid jet rosed over with the virgin <qex>crimson</qex> of

modesty.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Crim"son</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of a deep red color tinged

with blue; deep red.</def> \'bdA <xex>crimson</xex> tide.\'b8



<au>Mrs. Hemans.</au>



<q>The blushing poppy with a <qex>crimson</qex> hue.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<hw>Crim"son</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Crimsoned</er> <pr>(-z'nd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Crimsoning</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To dye with

crimson or deep red; to redden.</def>



<q>Signed in thy spoil and <qex>crimsoned</qex> in thy lethe.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Crim"son</hw>, <pos>b. t.</pos> <def>To become crimson; to

blush.</def>



<q>Ancient towers . . . beginning to <qex>crimson</qex> with the

radiant luster of a cloudless July morning.</q>

<qau>De Quincey.</qau>



<hw>Cri"nal</hw> <pr>(kr?"n<it>al</it>)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>crinalis</ets>, fr. <ets>crinis</ets> the

hair.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the hair.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Blount.</au>



<hw>Cri"na*ted</hw> <pr>(kr?"n?-t?d)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Having hair; hairy.</def>



<hw>Cri"na*to*ry</hw> <pr>(kr?"n?-t?-r?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Crinitory.</def>



<au>Craig.</au>



<hw>Crin"cum</hw> <pr>(kr?n"k?m)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Crinkle</er>.]</ety> <def>A twist or bend; a turn; a

whimsey.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<au>Hudibras.</au>



<hw>Crin"cum-cran"cum</hw> <pr>(kr?n"k?m-kr?n"k?m)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <def>A twist; a whimsey or whim.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Crined</hw> <pr>(kr?nd)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>crinis</ets> hair.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Having the

hair of a different tincture from the rest of the body; <as>as, a

charge <ex>crined</ex> of a red tincture</as>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cri"nel</hw> <pr>(kr?"nEl)</pr>, <hw>Cri"net</hw>

<pr>(kr?"n?t)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>crinis</ets> hair.]</ety> <def>A very fine, hairlike

feather.</def>



<au>Booth.</au>



<hw>Cringe</hw> <pr>(kr?nj)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Crnged</er>

<pr>(kr?njd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Cringing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[As. <ets>crincgang</ets>,

<ets>cringan</ets>, <ets>crincan</ets>, to jield, fall; akin to

E.  <ets>crank</ets>.]</ety> <def>To draw one's self together as

in fear or servility; to bend or crouch with base humility; to

wince; hence; to make court in a degrading manner; to fawn.</def>



<q>When they were come up to the place where the lions were, the

boys that went before were glad to <qex>cringe</qex> behind, for

they were afraid of the lions.</q>

<qau>Bunyan.</qau>



<q>Sly hypocrite, . . . who more than thou

Once fawned and <qex>cringed</qex>, and servilely adored

Heaven's awful monarch?</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>Flatterers . . . are always bowing and

<qex>cringing</qex>.</q>

<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>



<hw>Cringe</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To contract; to draw

together; to cause to shrink or wrinkle; to distort.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Till like a boy you see him <qex>cringe</qex> his face,

And whine aloud for mercy.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Cringe</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Servile civility; fawning; a

shrinking or bowing, as in fear or servility.</def> \'bdWith

<xex>cringe</xex> and shrug, and bow obsequious.\'b8



<au>Cowper.</au>



<hw>Cringe"ling</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who cringes meanly;

a fawner.</def>



<hw>Crin"ger</hw> <pr>(kr?n"j?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

cringes.</def>



<hw>Crin"ging*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a cringing

manner.</def>



<hw>Crin"gle</hw> <pr>(kr?n"g'l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel.

<ets>kringla</ets> orb; akin to <ets>kring</ets> around, and to

D.  <ets>kring</ets> circle, and to E.  <ets>cringe</ets>,

<ets>crank</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A withe for fastening a

gate.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>An iron or pope thimble or

grommet worked into or attached to the edges and corners of a

sail; -- usually in the plural. The cringles are used for making

fast the bowline bridles, earings, etc.</def>



<hw>Crin`i*cul"tur*al</hw> <pr>(kr?n`?-k?l"t?r-a]/>l; 135)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.  <ets>crinis</ets> hair +

<ets>cultura</ets>.]</ety> <def>Relating to the growth of

hair.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Cri*nig"er*ous</hw> <pr>(kr?-n?j"?r-?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>criniger</ets>; <ets>crinis</ets> hair +

<ets>gerere</ets> to bear.]</ety> <def>Bearing hair; hairy.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Cri"ni*tal</hw> <pr>(kr?"n?-t<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Same as <er>Crinite</er>, <sn>1.</sn></def>



<q>He the star <qex>crinital</qex> adoreth.</q>

<qau>Stanyhurst.</qau>



<hw>Cri"nite</hw> <pr>(kr?"n?t)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>crinitus</ets>, <ets>p</ets>. <ets>p</ets>. <ets>of

crinire</ets> to provide or cover with hair, fr.

<ets>crinis</ets> hair.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having the

appearance of a tuft of hair; having a hairlike tail or

train.</def> \'bdComate, <xex>crinite</xex>, caudate stars.\'b8



<au><?/airfax.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Bearded or tufted with

hairs.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>Cri"ni*to*ry</hw> <pr>(kr?"n?-t?-r?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Of or relating to hair; <as>as, a <ex>crinitory</ex>

covering</as>.</def>



<au>T. Hook.</au>



<hw>Crin"kle</hw> <pr>(kr?n"k'l)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Crinkled</er>

<pr>(-k'ld)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Crinkling</er>

<pr>(-kl?ng)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[A dim., fr. the root of

<ets>cringe</ets>; akin to D. <ets>krinkelen</ets> to wind or

twist. Cf. <er>Cringle</er>, <er>Cringe</er>.]</ety> <def>To form

with short turns, bends, or wrinkles; to mold into inequalites or

sinuosities; to cause to wrinkle or curl.</def>



<q>The hous<?/<?/ <qex>crinkled</qex> to and fro.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<q>Her face all bowsy,

Comely <qex>crinkled</qex>,

Wondrously wrinkled.</q>

<qau>Skelton.</qau>



<q>The flames through all the casements pushing forth,

Like red-not devils <qex>crinkled</qex> into snakes.</q>

<qau>Mrs. Browning.</qau>



<hw>Crin"kle</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To turn or wind; ti run

in and out in many short bends or turns; to curl; to run in

wavws; to wrinkle; also, to rustle, as stiff cloth when

moved.</def>



<q>The green wheat <qex>crinkles</qex> like a lake.</q>

<qau>L. T. Trowbridge.</qau>



<q>And all the rooms

Were full of <qex>crinkling</qex> silks.</q>

<qau>Mrs. Browning.</qau>



<hw>Crin"kle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A winding or turn; wrinkle;

sinuosity.</def>



<q>The <qex>crinkles</qex> in this glass, making objects appear

double.</q>

<qau>A. Tucker.</qau>



<hw>Crin"kled</hw> <pr>(kr?n"k'ld)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Having short bends, turns, or wrinkles; wrinkled; wavy;

zigzag.</def>  \'bdThe <xex>crinkled</xex> lightning.\'b8



<au>Lowell.</au>



<hw>Crin"kly</hw> <pr>(-kl?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

crinkles; wavy; wrinkly.</def>



<hw>Cri"noid</hw> <pr>(kr?"noid)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>See</pos> <er>Crinoidea</er>.]</wordforms>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Crinoidal.</def> --

<def2><pos>n.</pos>  <def> One of the Crinoidea.</def></def2>



<hw>Cri*noid"al</hw> <pr>(kr?-noid<it>a</it>l)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of pertaining to

crinoids; consisting of, or containing, crinoids.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cri*noid"e*a</hw> <pr>(kr?-noid"?-?)</pr>, <pos>n.

pl.</pos> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ lily +

<ets>-oid</ets>: cf. F.  <ets>crino<?/de</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large class of Echinodermata,

including numerous extinct families and genera, but comparatively

few living ones. Most of the fossil species, like some that are

recent, were attached by a jointed stem. See <er>Blastoidea</er>,

<er>Cystoidea</er>, <er>Comatula</er>.</def>



<hw>Cri*noid"e*an</hw> <pr>(-<it>a</it>n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>One of the Crinoidea.</def>



<hw>Crin"o*line</hw> <pr>(kr?n"?-l?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F., fr. <ets>crin</ets> hair,L. <ets>crinis</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A kind of stiff cloth, used chiefly by women,

for underskirts, to expand the gown worn over it; -- so called

because originally made of <xex>hair</xex>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A lady's skirt made of any stiff material;

latterly, a hoop skirt.</def>



<hw>Cri*nose"</hw> <pr>(kr?-n?s")</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. 

<ets>crinis</ets> hair.]</ety> <def>Hairy.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Cri*nos"i*ty</hw> <pr>(kr?-n?s"?-t?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Hairiness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Cri"num</hw> <pr>(kr?"n?m)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ lily.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus

of bulbous plants, of the order <xex>Amaryllidace<?/</xex>,

cultivated as greenhouse plants on account of their beauty.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cri"o*sphinx`</hw> <pr>(kr?"?-sf?nks`)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ ram + <?/<?/<?/<?/

sphinx.]</ety> <def>A sphinx with the head of a ram.</def>



<hw>Crip"ple</hw> <pr>(kr?p"p'l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. 

<ets>cripel</ets>, <ets>crepel</ets>, <ets>crupel</ets>, AS.

<ets>crypel</ets> (akin to D.  <ets>kreuple</ets>, G. 

<ets>kr<?/ppel</ets>, Dan.  <ets>kr<?/bling</ets>, Icel. 

<ets>kryppill</ets>), prop., one that can not walk, but must

creep, fr. AS. <ets>cre<?/pan</ets> to creep. See

<er>Creep</er>.]</ety> <def>One who creeps, halts, or limps; one

who has lost, or never had, the use of a limb or limbs; a lame

person; hence, one who is partially disabled.</def>



<q>I am a <qex>cripple</qex> in my limbs; but what decays are in

my mind, the reader must determine.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Crip"ple</hw> <pr>(kr?p"p'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Lame;

halting.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdThe <xex>cripple</xex>,

tardy-gaited night.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Crip"ple</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Crippled</er> <pr>(-p'ld)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Crippling</er> <pr>(-pl?ng)</pr>.]</wordforms>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To deprive of the use of a limb, particularly of

a leg or foot; to lame.</def>



<q>He had <qex>crippled</qex> the joints of the noble child.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To deprive of strength, activity, or capability

for service or use; to disable; to deprive of resources; <as>as,

to be financially <ex>crippled</ex></as>.</def>



<q>More serious embarrassments . . . were <qex>crippling</qex>

the energy of the settlement in the Bay.</q>

<qau>Palfrey.</qau>



<q>An incumbrance which would permanently <qex>cripple</qex> the

body politic.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Crip"pled</hw> <pr>(kr?p"p'ld)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Lamed; lame; disabled; impeded.</def> \'bdThe

<xex>crippled</xex> crone.\'b8



<au>Longfellow.</au>



<hw>Crip"ple*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Lameness.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Crip"pler</hw> <pr>(-pl?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A wooden

tool used in graining leather.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Crip"pling</hw> <pr>(-pl?ng)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Spars

or timbers set up as a support against the side of a

building.</def>



<hw>Crip"ply</hw> <pr>(-pl?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Lame;

disabled; in a crippled condition.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Mrs. Trollope.</au>



<hw>Cri"sis</hw> <pr>(kr?"s?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Crises</plw> <pr>(-s<?/z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L. 

<ets>crisis</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/, fr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ to

separate. See <er>Certain</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The point

of time when it is to be decided whether any affair or course of

action must go on, or be modified or terminate; the decisive

moment; the turning point.</def>



<q>This hour's the very <qex>crisis</qex> of your fate.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>The very times of <qex>crisis</qex> for the fate of the

country.</q>

<qau>Brougham.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>That change in a disease which

indicates whether the result is to be recovery or death;

sometimes, also, a striking change of symptoms attended by an

outward manifestation, as by an eruption or sweat.</def>



<q>Till some safe <qex>crisis</qex> authorize their skill.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Crisp</hw> <pr>(kr?sp)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>crisp</ets>, fr. L.  <ets>crispus</ets>; cf.

<ets>carpere</ets> to pluck, card (wool), and E.

<ets>harvest</ets>.  Cf. <er>Crape</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Curling in stiff curls or ringlets; <as>as, <ex>crisp</ex>

hair</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Curled with the ripple of the water.</def>

<mark>[Poetic]</mark>



<q>You numphs called Naiads, of the winding brooks . . . 

Leave jour <qex>crisp</qex> channels.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Brittle; friable; in a condition to break with a

short, sharp fracture; <as>as, <ex>crisp</ex> snow</as>.</def>



<q>The cakes at tea ate short and <qex>crisp</qex>.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Possessing a certain degree of firmness and

freshness; in a fresh, unwilted condition.</def>



<q>It [laurel] has been plucked nine months, and yet looks as

hale and <qex>crisp</qex> as if it would last ninety years.</q>

<qau>Leigh Hunt.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Lively; sparking; effervescing.</def>



<q>Your neat <qex>crisp</qex> claret.</q>

<qau>Beau & Fl.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Brisk; crackling; cheerful; lively.</def>



<q>The snug, small room, and the <qex>crisp</qex> fire.</q>

<qau>Dickens.</qau>



<hw>Crisp</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Crisped</er> <pr>(kr?spt)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Crisping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>crispare</ets>, fr.  <ets>crispus</ets>. See <er>Crisp</er>.

<pos>a.</pos> ]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To curl; to form into

ringlets, as hair, or the nap of cloth; to interweave, as the

branches of trees.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cause to undulate irregularly, as crape or

water; to wrinkle; to cause to ripple. Cf. <er>Crimp</er>.</def>



<q>The lover with the myrtle sprays

Adorns his <qex>crisped</qex> tresses.</q>

<qau>Drayton.</qau>



<q>Along the <qex>crisped</qex> shades and bowers.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>The <qex>crisped</qex> brooks,

Rolling on orient pearl and sands of gold.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To make crisp or brittle, as in cooking.</def>



<cs><col>Crisping iron</col>, <cd>an instrument by which hair or

any textile fabric is crisped.</cd> -- <col>Crisping pin</col>,

<cd>the simplest form of crisping iron. <au>Is. iii.

22.</au></cd></cs>



<hw>Crisp</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To undulate or ripple.  Cf. 

<er>Crisp</er>, <xex>v. t.</xex></def>



<q>To watch the <qex>crisping</qex> ripples on the beach.</q>

<qau>Tennuson.</qau>



<hw>Crisp</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That which is crisp or

brittle; the state of being crisp or brittle; <as>as, burned to a

<ex>crisp</ex></as>; specifically, the rind of roasted pork;

crackling.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cris"pate</hw> <pr>(kr?s"p?t)</pr>,

<hw>Cris"pa*ted</hw> <pr>(-p?-t?d)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L.  <ets>crispatus</ets>, p. p. of

<ets>crispare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having a crisped appearance;

irregularly curled or twisted.</def>



<hw>Cris*pa"tion</hw> <pr>(kr?s-p?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[CF. F.  <ets>crispation</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

act or process of curling, or the state of being curled.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A very slight convulsive or spasmodic

contraction of certain muscles, external or internal.</def>



<q>Few men can look down from a great height without creepings

and <qex>crispations</qex>.</q>

<qau>O. W. Holmes.</qau>



<hw>Cris"pa*ture</hw> <pr>(kr?s"p?-t?r; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>The state of being crispate.</def>



<hw>Crisp"er</hw> <pr>(kr?s"p?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

who, or that which, crisps or curls; an instrument for making

little curls in the nap of cloth, as in chinchilla.</def>



<hw>Cris"pin</hw> <pr>(kr?s"p?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A shoemaker; -- jocularly so called from the patron sant of

the craft.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A member of a union or association of

shoemakers.</def>



<hw>Crisp"ly</hw> <pr>(kr?sp"l?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

crisp manner.</def>



<hw>Crisp"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or quality of

being crisp.</def>



<hw>Crisp"y</hw> <pr>(-?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Formed into short, close ringlets; frizzed; crisp; <as>as,

<ex>crispy</ex> locks</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Crisp; brittle; as. a <xex>crispy</xex> pie

crust.</def>



<hw>Cris"sal</hw> <pr>(kr?s"s<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Pertaining to the crissum;

<as>as, <ex>crissal</ex> feathers</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having highly colored under tail coverts;

<as>as, the <ex>crissal</ex> thrasher</as>.</def>



<hw>Criss"cross`</hw> <pr>(kr?s"kr?s`; 115)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[A corruption of <ets>Christcross</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A mark or cross, as the signature of a person who is unable

to write.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A child's game played on paper or on a slate,

consisting of lines arranged in the form of a cross.</def>



<hw>Criss"cross`</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To mark or cover

with cross lines; <as>as, a paper was <ex>crisscrossed</ex> with

red marks</as>.</def>



<-- p. 346 -->



<hw>Criss"cross`</hw> <pr>(kr?s"kr?s`;115)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>In opposite directions; in a way to cross

something else; crossing one another at various angles and in

various ways.</def>



<q>Logs and tree luing <qex>crisscross</qex> in utter

confusion.</q>

<qau>W. E. Boardman.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>With opposition or hindrance; at cross purposes;

contrarily; <as>as, things go <ex>crisscross</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Criss"cross-row`</hw> <pr>(-r?`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Christcross-row</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cris"sum</hw> <pr>(kr?s"s?m)</pr>,, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl. <plw>Crissa</plw> <pr>(-s<?/)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[NL.; cf.

L.  <ets>crisso</ets> to move the haunches.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>That part of a bird, or the feathers,

surrounding the cloacal opening; the under tail coverts.</def>



<hw>Cris"tate</hw> <pr>(kr?s"t?t)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. 

<ets>ctistatus</ets>, fr.  <ets>crista</ets> crest.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Crested.</def>



<hw>Cri*te"ri*on</hw> <pr>(kr?-t?"r?-?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl.  <plw>Criteria</plw> (-<?/), sometimes

<plw>Criterions</plw> <pr>(-<?/nz)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[Gr.

<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ a means for judging, fr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ decider,

judge, fr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ to separate. See

<er>Certain</er>.]</ety> <def>A standard of judging; any approved

or established rule or test, by which facts, principles opinions,

and conduct are tried in forming a correct judgment respecting

them.</def>



<q>Of the diseases of the mind there is no

<qex>criterion</qex>.</q>

<qau>Donne.</qau>



<q>Inferences founded on such enduring <qex>criteria</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir G. C. Lewis.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Standard; measure; rule.</syn>



<hw>Crith</hw> <pr>(kr?th)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/<?/<?/ a barleycorn, a small weight.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>The unit for estimating the weight of a<?/riform substances;

-- the weight of a liter of hydrogen at 0<?/ centigrade, and with

a tension of 76 centimeters of mercury. It is 0.0896 of a gram,

or 1.38274 grains.</def>



<hw>Crith"o*man`cu</hw> <pr>(kr?th"?-m?n`s?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/. pl., barley + <ets>-mancy</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>crithomancie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of divination by

means of the dough of the cakes offered in the ancient

sacrifices, and the meal strewed over the victims.</def>



<hw>Crit"ic</hw> <pr>(kr?t"?k)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>criticus</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/, a critic; prop., an adj.

meaning <ets>able to discuss</ets>, from <?/<?/<?/<?/ to judge,

discern. See <er>Certain</er>, and cf. <er>Critique</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>One skilled in judging of the merits of literary

or artistic works; a connoisseur; an adept; hence, one who

examines literary or artistic works, etc., and passes judgment

upon them; a reviewer.</def>



<q>The opininon of the most skillful <qex>critics</qex> was, that

nothing finer [than Goldsmith's \'bdTraveler\'b8] had appeared in

verse since the fourth book of the \'bdDunciad.\'b8</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who passes a rigorous or captious judgment;

one who censures or finds fault; a harsh examiner or judge; a

caviler; a carper.</def>



<q>When an author has many beauties consistent with virtue,

piety, and truth, let not little <qex>critics</qex> exalt

themselves, and shower down their ill nature.</q>

<qau>I. Watts.</qau>



<q>You know who the <qex>critics</qex> are? the men who have

failed in literature and art.</q>

<qau>Beaconsfield.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The art of criticism.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Locke.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>An act of criticism; a critique.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>And make each day a <qex>critic</qex> on the last.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<hw>Crit"ic</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to critics

or criticism; critical.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

\'bd<xex>Critic</xex> learning.\'b8



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>Crit"ic</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. 

<ets>critiquer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To criticise; to play the

critic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Nay, if you begin to <qex>critic</qex> once, we shall never

have done.</q>

<qau>A. Brewer.</qau>



<hw>Crit"ic*al</hw> <pr>(kr?t"?-k<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[See <er>Critic</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, <er>Crisis</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Qualified to criticise, or pass judgment upon,

literary or artistic productions.</def>



<q>It is submitted to the judgment of more <qex>critical</qex>

ears to direct and determine what is graceful and what is

not.</q>

<qau>Holder.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Pertaining to criticism or the critic's art; of

the nature of a criticism; accurate; <as>as, <ex>critical</ex>

knowledge; a <ex>critical</ex> dissertation.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Inclined to make nice distinctions, or to

exercise careful judgment and selection; exact; nicely

judicious.</def>



<q>Virgil was so <qex>critical</qex> in the rites of religion.

that he would never have brought in such prayers as these, if

they had not been agreeable to the Roman customs.</q>

<qau>Bp. Stillingfleet.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Inclined to criticise or find fault; fastidious;

captious; censorious; exacting.</def>



<q>O gentle lady, do not put me to 't,

For I am nothing, if not <qex>critical</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Characterized by thoroughness and a reference to

principles, as becomes a critic; <as>as, a <ex>critical</ex>

analysis of a subject</as>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <ety>[See <er>Crisis</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to,

or indicating, a crisis, turning point, or specially important

juncture; important as regards consequences; hence, of doubtful

issue; attended with risk; dangerous; <as>as, the

<ex>critical</ex> stage of a fever; a <ex>critical</ex>

situation.</as></def>



<q>Our circumstances are indeed <qex>critical</qex>.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<q>The small moment, the exact point, the <qex>critical</qex>

minute, on which every good work so much depends.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<cs><col>Critical angle</col> <fld>(Optics)</fld>, <cd>that angle

of incidence of a luminous ray at which it is wholly reflected,

and no portion of it transmitted. The sine of this angle is the

reciprocal of the refractive index of the medium.</cd> --

<col>Critical philosophy</col>, <cd>the metaphysical system of

Kant; -- so called from his most important work, the \'bdCritique

of Pure Reason.</cd>\'b8 -- <col>Critical point</col>

<fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>a certain temperature, different for

different gases, but always the same for each gas, regarded as

the limit above which no amount of pressure can produce

condensation to a liquid.</cd></cs>



<hw>Crit"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In a

critical manner; with nice discernment; accurately;

exactly.</def>



<q><qex>Critically</qex> to discern good writers from bad.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>At a crisis; at a critical time; in a situation.

place, or condition of decisive consequence; <as>as, a

fortification <ex>critically</ex> situated</as>.</def>



<q>Coming <qex>critically</qex> the night before the session.</q>

<qau>Bp. Burnet.</qau>



<hw>Crit"ic*al*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

state or quality of being critical, or of occurring at a critical

time.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Accuracy in examination or decision;

exactness.</def>



<hw>Critt"ic*as`ter</hw> <pr>(kr?t"?k-?s`t?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>A contemptible or vicious critic.</def>



<q>The rancorous and reptile crew of poeticules, who decompose

into <qex>criticasters</qex>.</q>

<qau>Swinburne.</qau>



<hw>Crit"i*cis`a*ble</hw> <pr>(kr?t"?-s?z`?-b'l)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of being criticised.</def>



<hw>Crit"i*cise</hw> <pr>(kr?t"?-s?z)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Criticised</er>

<pr>(-s?zd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Criticising</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Written also, more

analogically, but less commonly, <ets>criticize</ets>.]</ety>

<ety>[Cf. G.  <ets>kritisiren</ets>. See <er>Critic</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To examine and judge as a critic; to pass

literary or artistic judgment upon; <as>as, to <ex>criticise</ex>

an author; to <ex>criticise</ex> a picture.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To express one's views as to the merit or

demerit of; esp., to animadvert upon; to find fault with; <as>as,

to <ex>criticise</ex> conduct</as>.</def>



<au>Blackwood's Mag.</au>



<hw>Crit"i*cise</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To act as

a critic; to pass literary or artistic judgment; to play the

critic; -- formerly used with <xex>on</xex> or

<xex>upon</xex>.</def>



<q>Several of these ladies, indeed, <qex>criticised</qex> upon

the form of the association.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To discuss the merits or demerits of a thing or

person; esp., to find fault.</def>



<q>Cavil you may, but never <qex>criticise</qex>.</q>

<qau> Pope.</qau>



<hw>Crit"i*ci`ser</hw> <pr>(-s?`z?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

who criticises; a critic.</def>



<hw>Crit"i*cism</hw> <pr>(kr?t"?-s?z'm)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The rules and principles which regulate the

practice of the critic; the art of judging with knowledge and

propriety of the beauties and faults of a literary performance,

or of a production in the fine arts; <as>as, dramatic

<ex>criticism</ex></as>.</def>



<q>The elements of<qex>criticism</qex> depend on the two

principles of Beauty and Truth, one of which is the final end or

object of study in every one of its pursuits: Beauty, in letters

and the arts; Truth, in history and sciences.</q>

<qau>Brande & C.</qau>



<q>By <qex>criticism</qex>, as it was first instituted by

Aristotle, was meant a standard of judging well.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of criticising; a critical judgment

passed or expressed; a critical observation or detailed

examination and review; a critique; animadversion; censure.</def>



<q>About the plan of \'bdRasselas\'b8 little was said by the

critics; and yet the faults of the plan might seem to invite

severe <qex>criticism</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Cri*tique"</hw> <pr>(kr?-t?k")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>critique</ets>, f., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ (sc. <?/<?/<?/<?/)

the critical art, from <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/. See

<er>Critic</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The art of criticism.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>critic</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A critical examination or estimate of a work of

literature or art; a critical dissertation or essay; a careful

and through analysis of any subject; a criticism; <as>as, Kant's

\'bd<ex>Critique</ex> of Pure Reason</as>.\'b8</def>



<q>I should as soon expect to see a <qex>critique</qex> on the

poesy of a ring as on the inscription of a medal.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A critic; one who criticises.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A question among <qex>critiques</qex> in the ages to come.</q>

<qau>Bp. Lincoln.</qau>



<hw>Cri*tique"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Critic</er>,

<pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <def>To criticise or pass judgment

upon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>Criz"zel</hw> <pr>(kr?z"z'l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. 

<ets>grizzle</ets> darkish gray, or G. <ets>griselig</ets>

gravelly, granular, speckled.]</ety> <def>A kind of roughness on

the surface of glass, which clouds its transparency.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>crizzeling</asp> and

<asp>crizzle</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Croak</hw> <pr>(kr?k)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Croaked</er>. (kr<?/kt);

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Croaking</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[From the primitive of AS.  <ets>cracettan</ets> to croak as

a raven; akin to G.  <ets>kr<?/chzen</ets> to croak, and to E.

<ets>creak</ets>, <ets>crake</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

make a low, hoarse noise in the throat, as a frog, a raven, or a

crow; hence, to make any hoarse, dismal sound.</def>



<q>Loud thunder to its bottom shook the bog,

And the hoarse nation <qex>croaked</qex>.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To complain; especially, to grumble; to forebode

evil; to utter complaints or forebodings habitually.</def>



<q>Marat . . . <qex>croaks</qex> with reasonableness.</q>

<qau>Carlyle.</qau>



<hw>Croak</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To utter in a low, hoarse

voice; to announce by croaking; to forebode; <as>as, to

<ex>croak</ex> disaster</as>.</def>



<q>The raven himself is hoarse,

That <qex>croaks</qex> the fatal entrance of Duncan.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Two ravens now began to <qex>croak</qex>

Their nuptial song.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<hw>Croak</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The coarse, harsh sound

uttered by a frog or a raven, or a like sound.</def>



<hw>Croak"er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who croaks, murmurs, grumbles, or complains

unreasonably; one who habitually forebodes evil.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small

American fish (<spn>Micropogon undulatus</spn>), of the Atlantic

coast.</def> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An American fresh-water fish

(<spn>Aplodinotus grunniens</spn>); -- called also

<altname>drum</altname>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The surf fish of

California.</def>



<note><hand/ When caught these fishes make a croaking sound;

whence the name, which is often corrupted into

<xex>crocus</xex>.</note>



<-- geography needs complete update! -->

<hw>Cro"at</hw> <pr>(kr?"?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Cravat</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A native of Croatia, in

Austria; esp., one of the native Slavic race.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An irregular soldier, generally from

Croatia.</def>



<hw>Cro*a"tian</hw> <pr>(kr?-?"sh<it>a</it>n)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Of or pertaining to Croatia.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos>

<def>A Croat.</def></def2>



<hw>Cro"ce*in</hw> <pr>(kr?"s?-?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Croceous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A name given to

any one of several yellow or scarlet dyestuffs of artificial

production and complex structure.  In general they are diazo and

sulphonic acid derivatives of benzene and naphthol.</def>



<hw>Cro"ceous</hw> <pr>(kr?"sh?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>croceus</ets>, fr.  <ets>crocus</ets> saffron.  See

<er>Crocus</er>.]</ety> <def>Of, pertaining to, or like, saffron;

deep reddish yellow.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Cro"ce*tin</hw> <pr>(kr?"s?-t?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A dyestuff, obtained from the Chinese

croicin, which produces a brilliant yellow.</def>



<hw>Croche</hw> <pr>(kr?ch)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>croche</ets>, equiv. to F. <ets>crochet</ets>,

<ets>croc</ets>, hook. See <er>Crotchet</er>,

<er>Crook</er>.]</ety> <def>A little bud or knob at the top of a

deer's antler.</def>



<hw>Cro*chet"</hw> <pr>(kr?-sh?")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. 

<ets>crochet</ets> small hook. See <er>Croche</er>.]</ety> <def>A

kind of knitting done by means of a hooked needle, with worsted,

silk, or cotton; crochet work. Commonly used adjectively.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Crochet hook</col>, <col>Crochet

needle</col><mcol>, <cd>a small hook, or a hooked needle (often

of bone), used in crochet work.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cro*chet"</hw>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. &

p.p.</pos> <er>Crocheted</er> <pr>(sh?d")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Crocheting</er> <pr>(-sh?"?ng)</pr>.]</wordforms>

<def>To knit with a crochet needle or hook; <as>as, to

<ex>rochett</ex> a shawl</as>.</def>



<hw>Cro"ci*a*ry</hw> <pr>(kr?"sh?-?-r?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[See <er>Crosier</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>One

who carries the cross before an archbishop.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Cro*cid"o*lite</hw> <pr>(kr?-s?d"?-l?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <grk>kroky`s</grk> nap on cloth +

<ets>-lite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral

occuring in silky fibers of a lavender blue color. It is related

to hornblende and is essentially a silicate of iron and soda; --

called also <altname>blue asbestus</altname>. A silicified form,

in which the fibers penetrating quartz are changed to oxide of

iron, is the yellow brown <stype>tiger-eye</stype> of the

jewelers.</def>



<hw>Cro"cin</hw> <pr>(kr?"s?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/<?/<?/<?/ saffron.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>The coloring matter of Chinese yellow pods, the fruit of

<spn>Gardenia grandiflora</spn>.</def> <au>Watts</au>.

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A red powder (called also

<altname>polychroite</altname>), which is made from the saffron

(<spn>Crocus sativus</spn>). See <er>Polychroite</er>.</def>



<hw>Crock</hw> <pr>(kr?k)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. W.

<ets>croeg</ets> cover, Scot.  <ets>crochit</ets> covered.]</ety>

<def>The loose black particles collected from combustion, as on

pots and kettles, or in a chimney; soot; smut; also, coloring

matter which rubs off from cloth.</def>



<hw>Crock</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. &

p.p.</pos> <er>Crocked</er> <pr>(kr?kt)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Crocking</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To soil by contact,

as with soot, or with the coloring matter of badly dyed

cloth.</def>



<hw>Crock</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To give off crock or

smut.</def>



<hw>Crock</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A low stool.</def> \'bdI . . .

seated her upon a little <xex>crock</xex>.\'b8



<au>Tatler.</au>



<hw>Crock</hw> <pr>(kr?k)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. 

<ets>croc</ets>, <ets>croca</ets>, <ets>crog</ets>,

<ets>croh</ets>; akin to D. <ets>kruik</ets>, G. <ets>krug</ets>,

Icel.  <ets>krukka</ets>, Dan. <ets>krukke</ets>, Sw.

<ets>kruka</ets>; but cf. W. <ets>crwc</ets> bucket, pail,

<ets>crochan</ets> pot, <ets>cregen</ets> earthen vessel, jar.

Cf. <er>Cruet</er>.]</ety> <def>Any piece of crockery, especially

of coarse earthenware; an earthen pot or pitcher.</def>



<q>Like foolish flies about an honey <qex>crock</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Crock</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To lay up in a crock;

<as>as, to <ex>crock</ex> butter</as>.</def>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>Crock"er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

potter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Wyclif.</au>



<hw>Crock"er*y</hw> <pr>( kr?k"?r-?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[From <er>Crock</er> an earthen vessel.]</ety>

<def>Earthenware; vessels formed of baked clay, especially the

coarser kinds.</def>



<hw>Crock"et</hw> <pr>(kr?k"?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. 

<ets>croquet</ets>, F.  <ets>crochet</ets>, dim. of

<ets>croc</ets> hook. See <er>Crook</er>, and cf.

<er>Crotchet</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An

ornament often resembling curved and bent foliage, projecting

from the sloping edge of a gable, spire, etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A croche, or knob, on the top of a stag's

antler.</def>



<q>The antlers and the <qex>crockets</qex>.</q>

<qau>W. Black.</qau>



<hw>Crock"et*ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>

<def>Ornamented with crockets.</def>



<hw>Crock"et*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>

<def>Ornamentation with crockets.</def>



<au>Ruskin.</au>



<hw>Crock"y</hw> <pr>(-?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Crock</er> soot.]</ety> <def>Smutty.</def>



<hw>Croc"o*dile</hw> <pr>(kr?k"?-d?l; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.  <ets>crocodilus</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/: cf. F.

<ets>crocodile</ets>. Cf.  <er>Cookatrice</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large reptile of the

genus <spn>Crocodilus</spn>, of several species. They grow to the

length of sixteen or eighteen feet, and inhabit the large rivers

of Africa, Asia, and America. The eggs, laid in the sand, are

hatched by the sun's heat. The best known species is that of the

Nile (<spn>C. vulgaris</spn>, or <spn>C. Niloticus</spn>). The

Florida crocodile (<spn>C. Americanus</spn>) is much less common

than the alligator and has longer jaws. The name is also

sometimes applied to the species of other related genera, as the

gavial and the alligator.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>A fallacious dilemma,

mythically supposed to have been first used by a crocodile.</def>



<cs><col>Crocodile bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an

African plover (<spn>Pluvianus \'91gypticus</spn>) which alights

upon the crocodile and devours its insect parasites, even

entering its open mouth (according to reliable writers) in

pursuit of files, etc.; -- called also <altname>Nile

bird</altname>. It is the <altname>trochilos</altname> of ancient

writers.</cd> -- <col>Crocodile tears</col>, <cd>false or

affected tears; hypocritical sorrow; -- derived from the fiction

of old travelers, that crocodiles shed tears over their

prey.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Croc`o*dil"i*a</hw> <pr>(-d?l"?-?)</pr>, <pos>n.

pl.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>crocodilus</ets>

crocodile.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of reptiles

including the crocodiles, gavials, alligators, and many extinct

kinds.</def>



<hw>Croc`o*dil"i*an</hw> <pr>(kr?k`?-d?l"?-a]/>n)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like, or pertaining to,

the crocodile; characteristic of the crocodile.</def> --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>One of the Crocodilia.</def></def2>



<hw>Croc`o*dil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(-?-t?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>A caption or sophistical mode of

arguing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Cro"cois*ite</hw> <pr>(kr?"kois-?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>croco<?/se</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld>

<def>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</def>



<hw>Cro"co*ite</hw> <pr>(kr?"k?-?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/<?/<?/<?/ saffron.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Lead chromate

occuring in crystals of a bright hyacinth red color; -- called

also <altname>red lead ore</altname>.</def>



<hw>Cro"con*ate</hw> <pr>(kr?"k?n-?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt formed by the union of croconic

acid with a base.</def>



<hw>Cro*con"ic</hw> <pr>(kr?-k?n"?k)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ saffron.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of,

pertaining to, or resembling saffron; having the color of

saffron; <as>as, <ex>croconic</ex> acid</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, croconic

acid.</def>



<-- p. 347 -->



<cs><col>Croconic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a yellow

crystalline substance, <chform>C5O3(OH)2</chform>, obtained from

potassium carboxide, rhodizonic acid, and various phenol and

quinone derivatives of benzene, and forming yellow or orange

colored salts.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cro"cose</hw> <pr>(kr?"k?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/<?/<?/<?/ saffron.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white

crystalline sugar, metameric with glucose, obtained from the

coloring matter of saffron.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>crokose</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Cro"cus</hw> <pr>(kr?"k?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

saffron, fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/; cf. Heb.  <ets>kark<?/m</ets>, Ar. 

<ets>kurkum</ets>, Skr.  <ets>ku<?/kuma</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of iridaceous plants, with pretty

blossoms rising separately from the bulb or corm. <spn>C.

vernus</spn> is one of the earliest of spring-blooming flowers;

<spn>C. sativus</spn> produces the saffron, and blossoms in the

autumn.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A deep yellow powder; the

oxide of some metal calcined to a red or deep yellow color; esp.,

the oxide of iron (<xex>Crocus of Mars</xex> or

<xex>colcothar</xex>) thus produced from salts of irron, and used

as a polishing powder.</def>



<cs><col>Crocus of Venus</col> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld>, <cd>oxide

of copper.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cr\'d2"sus</hw> <pr>(kr?"s?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

fr. G. <?/<?/<?/<?/.]</ety> <def>A king of Lydia who flourished

in the 6th century <sc>b. c.</sc>, and was renowned for his vast

wealth; hence, a common appellation for a very rich man; <as>as,

he is veritable <ex>Cr\'d2sus</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Croft</hw> <pr>(kr?ft; 115)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. 

<ets>croft</ets>; akin to D. <ets>kroft</ets> hillock; cf. Gael.

<ets>croit</ets> hump, croft.]</ety> <def>A small, inclosed

field, adjoining a house; a small farm.</def>



<q>A few small <qex>crofts</qex> of stone-encumbered ground.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<hw>Croft"er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

rents and tills a small farm or helding; <as>as, the

<ex>crofters</ex> of Scotland</as>.</def>



<hw>Creft"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Croftland.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<au>Jamieson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Textile Manuf.)</fld> <def>Exposing linen to

the sun, on the grass, in the process of bleaching.</def>



<hw>Croft"land</hw> <pr>(-l?nd)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Land of

superior quality, on which successive crops are raised.</def>

<mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<au>Jamieson.</au>



<hw>Crois</hw> <pr>(krois)</pr>.  <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.]</ety>

<def>See <er>Cross</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>Croi*sade"</hw> <pr>(kroi-s?d")</pr>,

<hw>Croi*sa"do</hw> <pr>(-s?"d?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F. <ets>criosade</ets>. See <er>Crusade</er>.]</ety> <def>A

holy war; a crusade.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Croise</hw> <pr>(krois)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>crois<?/</ets> crusader, fr. OF.  <ets>crois</ets>, F. 

<ets>croix</ets>, cross. See <er>Cross</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A pilgrim bearing or wearing a cross.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A crusader.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The conquesta of the <qex>croises</qex> extending over

Palestine.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Crois`san`te"</hw> <pr>(krw?`s?n`t?")</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[F.  <ets>croissant</ets>, adj. & <ets>n.</ets>,

crescent.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Terminated with crescent;

-- said of a cross the ends of which are so terminated.</def>



<hw>Cro"ker</hw> <pr>(kr?"k?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/<?/<?/ saffron.]</ety> <def>A cultivator of saffron; a dealer

in saffron.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Holinshed.</au>



<hw>\'d8Cro"ma</hw> <pr>(kr?"m?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A quaver.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Crom"lech</hw> <pr>(kr?m"l\'b5k)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[W. 

<ets>cromlech</ets>; <ets>crom</ets> bending or bent, concave +

<ets>llech</ets> a flat stone; akin to Ir.

<ets>cromleac</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch<?/ol.)</fld> <def>A

monument of rough stones composed of one or more large ones

supported in a horizontal position upon others. They are found

chiefly in countris inhabited by the ancient Celts, and are of a

period anterior to the introduction of Christianity into these

countries.</def>



<hw>Cro*mor"na</hw> <pr>(kr?-m?r"n?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. 

<ets>cromorne</ets> (cf. It. <ets>cromorno</ets>0, fr. G. 

<ets>krummhorn</ets> crooked horn, cornet, an organ pipe turned

like a trumpet; <ets>krumm</ets> crooked + <ets>horn</ets>

horn.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A certain reed stop in the

organ, of a quality of tone resembling that of the oboe.</def>

<altsp>[Corruptly written <asp>cromona</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Crone</hw> <pr>(kr?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OD. 

<ets>kronie</ets>, <ets>karonie</ets>, an old sheep, OF.

<ets>carogne</ets>, F.  <ets>charogne</ets>, carrion (also F. 

<ets>carogne</ets> illnatured woman.). See <er>Carrion</er>, and

<er>Crony</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An old ewe.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Tusser.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An old woman; -- usually in contempt.</def>



<q>But still the <qex>crone</qex> was constant to her note.</q>

<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An old man; especially, a man who talks and acts

like an old woman.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>The old <qex>crone</qex> [a negro man] lived in a hovel, . . .

which his master had given him.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<q>A few old battered <qex>crones</qex> of office.</q>

<qau>Beaconsfield.</qau>



<hw>Cro"nel</hw> <pr>(kr?"n?l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Coronel</er> spearhead, <er>Crown</er>.]</ety> <def>The iron

head of a tilting spear.</def>



<hw>Cro"net</hw> <pr>(kr?"n?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Coronet</er>, <er>Crownet</er>.]</ety> <def>The coronet of a

horse.</def>



<hw>Cro"ni*an</hw> <pr>(kr?"n?-a]/>n)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ Saturnian, fr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ Saturn.]</ety>

<def>Saturnian; -- applied to the North Polar Sea.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Cron"stedt*ite</hw> <pr>(kr?n"st?t-?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral consisting principally of

silicate of iron, and crystallizing in hexagonal prisms with

perfect basal cleavage; -- so named from the Swedish mineralogist

<xex>Cronstedt</xex>.</def>



<hw>Cro"ny</hw> <pr>(kr?"n?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Cronies</plw> <pr>(-n<?/z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[Orig., an old

woman. See <er>Crone</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A crone.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdMarry not an old <xex>crony</xex>.\'b8



<au>Burton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An intimate companion; a familiar frend</def>.

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark></q>



<q>He soon found his former <qex>cronies</qex>, though all rather

the worse for the wear and tear of time.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<hw>Croo"dle</hw> <pr>(kr??"d'l)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Cruddle</er>, <er>Crudle</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

cower or cuddle together, as from fear or cold; to lie close and

snug together, as pigs in straw.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<au>Wright. Forby.</au>



<q>A dove to fly home her nest and <qex>croodle</qex> there.</q>

<qau>C. Kingsley.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To fawn or coax.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To coo.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Crook</hw> <pr>(kr??k)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>crok</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>kr<?/k</ets> hook,bend, SW.

<ets>krok</ets>, Dan. <ets>krog</ets>, OD. <ets>krooke</ets>; or

cf. Gael. <ets>crecan</ets> crook, hook, W. <ets>crwca</ets>

crooked. Cf. <er>Crosier</er>, <er>Crotchet</er>,

<er>Crutch</er>, <er>Encroach</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

bend, turn, or curve; curvature; flexure.</def>



<q>Through lanes, and <qex>crooks</qex>, and darkness.</q>

<qau>Phaer.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any implement having a bent or crooked end.

Especially: <sd>(a)</sd> The staff used by a shepherd, the hook

of which serves to hold a runaway sheep. <sd>(b)</sd> A bishop's

staff of office. Cf. <er>Pastoral stafu</er>.</def>



<q>He left his <qex>crook</qex>, he left <qex>his

flocks</qex>.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A pothook.</def> \'bdAs black as the

<xex>crook</xex>.\'b8



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>An artifice; trick; tricky device;

subterfuge.</def>



<q>For all yuor brags, hooks, and <qex>crooks</qex>.</q>

<qau>Cranmer.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A small tube, usually curved,

applied to a trumpet, horn, etc., to change its pitch or

key.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A person given to fraudulent practices; an

accomplice of thieves, forgers, etc.</def> <mark>[Cant,

U.S.]</mark>



<cs><col>By hook or by crook</col>, <cd>in some way or other; by

fair means or foul.</cd></cs>



<hw>Crook</hw> <pr>(kr??k)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Crooked</er>

<pr>(kr??kt)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Crooking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>croken</ets>; cf.

Sw.  <ets>kr<?/ka</ets>, Dan. <ets>kr<?/ge</ets>. See Crook,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To turn from a straight

line; to bend; to curve.</def>



<q><qex>Crook</qex> the pregnant hinges of the knee.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To turn from the path of rectitude; to pervert;

to misapply; to twist.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>There is no one thing that <qex>crooks</qex> youth more than

such unlawfull games.</q>

<qau>Ascham.</qau>



<q>What soever affairs pass such a man's hands, he

<qex>crooketh</qex> them to his own ends.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<hw>Crook</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To bend; to curve; to wind;

to have a curvature.</def> \'bd The port . . . 

<xex>crooketh</xex> like a bow.\'b8



<au>Phaer.</au>



<q>Their shoes and pattens are snouted, and piked more than a

finger long, <qex>crooking</qex> upwards.</q>

<qau>Camden.</qau>



<hw>Crook"back`</hw> <pr>(kr??k"b?k)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

crooked back; one who has a crooked or deformed back; a

hunchback.</def>



<hw>Crook"ack`</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Hunched.</def>



<au>Shak. `</au>



<hw>Crook"bill`</hw> <pr>( -b?l`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>A New Zealand plover (<spn>Anarhynchus

frontalis</spn>), remarkable for having the end of the beak

abruptly bent to the right.</def>



<hw>Crook"ed</hw> <pr>(kr??k"?d)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Characterized by a crook or curve; not straight; turning;

bent; twisted; deformed.</def> \'bd<xex>Crooked</xex> paths.\'b8



<au>Locke.</au>



<q>he is deformed, <qex>crooked</qex>, old, and sere.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not straightforward; deviating from rectitude;

distorted from the right.</def>



<q>They are a perverse and <qex>crooked</qex> generation.</q>

<qau>Deut. xxxii. 5.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>False; dishonest; fraudulent; <as>as,

<ex>crooked</ex> dealings</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Crooked whisky</col>, <cd>whisky on wich the paiment of

duty has been fraudulently evaded. <mark>[Slang,

U.S.]</mark></cd></cs>



<au>Barlett.</au>



<hw>Crook"ed*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a curved or crooked

manner; in a perverse or untoward manner.</def>



<hw>Crook"ed*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The condition or

quality of being crooked; hence, deformity of body or of mind;

deviation from moral rectitude; perverseness.</def>



<hw>Crook"en</hw> <pr>(kr??k"'n)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

make crooked.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Crookes" tube`</hw> <pr>(kr??ks" t?b`)</pr>.

<fld>(Phys.)</fld> <def>A vacuum tube in which the exhaustion is

carried to a very high degree, with the production of a distinct

class of effects; -- so called from W. <xex>Crookes</xex> who

introduced it.</def>



<hw>Croon</hw> <pr>(kr??n)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>croinen</ets>, cf. D.  <ets>kreunen</ets> to moan.

<?/24.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make a continuous hollow moan,

as cattle do when in pain.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<au>Jamieson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To hum or sing in a low tone; to murmur

softly.</def>



<q>Here an old grandmother was <qex>crooning</qex> over a sick

child, and rocking it to and fro.</q>

<qau>Dickens.</qau>



<hw>Croon</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Crooned</er> <pr>(kr??nd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Crooning</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To sing

in a low tone, as if to one's self; to hum.</def>



<q>Hearing such stanzas <qex>crooned</qex> in her praise.</q>

<qau>C. Bront<?/.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To soothe by singing softly.</def>



<q>The fragment of the childish hymn with which he sung and

<qex>crooned</qex> himself asleep.</q>

<qau>Dickens.</qau>



<hw>Croon</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A low, continued

moan; a murmur.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A low singing; a plain, artless melody.</def>



<hw>Crop</hw> <pr>(kr?p)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. 

<ets>crop</ets>, <ets>croppe</ets>, craw, top of a plant,

harvest, AS.  <ets>crop</ets>, <ets>cropp</ets>, craw, top,

bunch, ear of corn; akin to D. <ets>krop</ets> craw, G.

<ets>kropf</ets>, Icel. <ets>kroppr</ets> hump or bunch on the

body, body; but cf. also W. <ets>cropa</ets>, <ets>croppa</ets>,

crop or craw of a bird, Ir. & Gael.  <ets>sgroban</ets>. Cf. 

<er>Croup</er>, <er>Crupper</er>, <er>Croup</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The pouchlike enlargement of the gullet of

birds, serving as a receptacle for food; the craw.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The top, end, or highest part of anything,

especially of a plant or tree.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

\'bd<xex>Crop</xex> and root.\'b8



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which is cropped, cut, or gathered from a

single felld, or of a single kind of grain or fruit, or in a

single season; especially, the product of what is planted in the

earth; fruit; harvest.</def>



<q>Lab'ring the soil, and reaping plenteous <qex>crop</qex>,

Corn, wine, and oil.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Grain or other product of the field while

standing.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Anything cut off or gathered.</def>



<q>Guiltless of steel, and from the razor free,

It falls a plenteous <qex>crop</qex> reserved for thee.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Hair cut close or short, or the act or style of

so cutting; <as>as, a convict's <ex>crop</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A projecting ornament in

carved stone. Specifically, a finial.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Mining.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Tin ore

prepared for smelting.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Outcrop of a vein

or seam at the surface.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>A riding whip with a loop instead of a

lash.</def>



<cs><col>Neck and crop</col>, <cd>altogether; roughly and at

once. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Crop</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Cropped</er> <pr>(kr?pt)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Cropping</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cut

off the tops or tips of; to bite or pull off; to browse; to

pluck; to mow; to reap.</def>



<q>I will <qex>crop</qex> off from the top of his young twigs a

tender one.</q>

<qau>Ezek. xvii. 22.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: To cut off, as if in harvest.</def>



<q>Death . . . .<qex>crops</qex> the growing boys.</q>



<au>Creech.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To cause to bear a crop; <as>as, to

<ex>crop</ex> a field</as>.</def>



<hw>Crop</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To yield harvest.</def>



<cs><col>To crop out</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>

<cd>To appear above the surface, as a seam or vein, or inclined

bed, as of coal.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To come to light; to be

manifest; to appear; as, the peculiarities of an author <xex>crop

out</xex>.</cd> -- <col>To crop up</col>, <cd>to sprout; to

spring up. \'bdCares <xex>crop up</xex> in villas.\'bd</cd></cs>



<au>Beaconsfield.</au>



<hw>Crop"-ear`</hw> <pr>(kr?p"?r`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

person or animal whose ears are cropped.</def>



<hw>Crop"-eared`</hw> <pr>(kr?p"?rd`)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Having the ears cropped.</def>



<hw>Crop"ful</hw> <pr>(-f?l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a

full crop or belly; satiated.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Crop"per</hw> <pr>(kr?p"p?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One that crops.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A variety of pigeon with a large crop; a

pouter.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A machine for cropping, as

for shearing off bolts or rod iron, or for facing cloth.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A fall on one's head when riding at full speed,

as in hunting; hence, a sudden failure or collapse.</def>

<mark>[Slang.]</mark>



<hw>Crop"sick`</hw> <pr>(kr?"s?k`)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Sick

from excess in eating or drinking.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

\'bd<xex>Cropsick</xex> drunkards.\'b8 <au>Tate</au>. --

<wordforms><wf>Crop"sick`ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Whitlock.</au></wordforms>



<hw>Crop"-tailed`</hw> <pr>(-t?ld`)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Having the tail cropped.</def>



<hw>Cro*quet"</hw> <pr>(kr?-k?")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

French; cf. Walloon <ets>croque</ets> blow, fillip. F.

<ets>croquet</ets> a crisp biscuit, <ets>croquer</ets> to crunch,

fr.  <ets>croc</ets> a crackling sound, of imitative origin.

<ets>Croquet</ets> then properly meant a smart tap on the

ball.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>An open-air game in which two or more players

endeavor to drive wooden balls, by means of mallets, through a

series of hoops or arches set in the ground according to some

pattern.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of croqueting.</def>



<hw>Cro*quet"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Croqueted</er> <pr>(-k?d)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Croqueting</er> <pr>(-k?"?ng)</pr>.]</wordforms>

<def>In the game of croquet, to drive away an opponent's ball,

after putting one's own in contact with it, by striking one's own

ball with the mallet.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cro-quette"</hw> <pr>(kr?-k?t")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F., fr.  <ets>croquer</ets> to crunch.]</ety>

<fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>A ball of minced meat, fowl, rice, or

other ingredients, highly seasoned, and fried.</def>



<hw>Crore</hw> <pr>(kr?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Hind.

<ets>karor</ets>, Skr.  <ets>koTi</ets>.]</ety> <def>Ten

millions; <as>as, a <ex>crore</ex> of rupees (which is nearly

$5,000,000)</as>.</def> <mark>[East Indies]</mark>



<au>Malcolm.</au>



<hw>Cro"sier</hw> <pr>(kr?"zh?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>rocer</ets>, <ets>croser</ets>, <ets>croyser</ets>, fr. 

<ets>croce</ets> crosier, OF.  <ets>croce</ets>,

<ets>croche</ets>, F.  <ets>crosse</ets>, fr. LL. 

<ets>crocea</ets>, <ets>crocia</ets>, from the same German or

Celtic sourse as F. <ets>croc</ets> hook; akin to E.

<ets>crook</ets>.]</ety> <def>The pastoral staff of a bishop

(also of an archbishop, being the symbol of his office as a

shepherd of the flock of God.</def>



<note><hand/ The true shape of the <xex>crosier</xex> was with a

hooked or curved top; the archbishop's staff alone bore a cross

instead of a crook, and was of exceptional, not of regular

form.</note>



<au>Skeat.</au>



<hw>Cro"siered</hw> <pr>(-zh?rd)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Bearing

a crosier.</def>



<hw>Cros"let</hw> <pr>(kr?s"l?t; 115)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>See <er>Crosslet</er>.</def>



<hw>Cross</hw> <pr>(kr?s; 115)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>crois</ets>, <ets>croys</ets>, <ets>cros</ets>; the former

fr. OF.  <ets>crois</ets>, <ets>croiz</ets>, F. 

<ets>croix</ets>, fr. L.  <ets>crux</ets>; the second is perh.

directly fr. Prov.  <ets>cros</ets>, <ets>crotz</ets>. fr. the

same L.  <ets>crux</ets>; cf. Icel.  <ets>kross</ets>. Cf.

<er>Crucial</er>, <er>Crusade</er>, <er>Cruise</er>,

<er>Crux</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A gibbet, cosisting of two pieces of timber

placed transversely upon one another, in various forms, as a

<universbold>T</universbold>, or +, with the horizontal piece

below the upper end of the upright, or as an

<universbold>X</universbold>. It was anciently used in the

execution of criminals.</def>



<q>Nailed to the <qex>cross</qex>

By his own nation.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The sign or mark of the cross, made with the

finger, or in ink, etc., or actually represented in some

material; the symbol of Christ's death; the ensign and chosen

symbol of Christianity, of a Christian people, and of

Christendom.</def>



<q>The custom of making the sign of the <qex>cross</qex> with the

hand or finger, as a means of conferring blessing or preserving

from evil, is very old.</q>

<qau>Schaff-Herzog Encyc.</qau>



<q>Before the <qex>cross</qex> has waned the crescent's ray.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<q>Tis where the <qex>cross</qex> is preached.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Affiction regarded as a test of patience or

virtue; trial; disappointment; opposition; misfortune.</def>



<q>Heaven prepares a good man with <qex>crosses</qex>.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A piece of money stamped with the figure of a

cross, also, that side of such a piece on which the cross is

stamped; hence, money in general.</def>



<q>I should bear no <qex>cross</qex> if I did bear you; for I

think you have no money in your purse.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>An appendage or ornament or anything in the form

of a cross; a badge or ornamental device of the general shape of

a cross; hence, such an ornament, even when varying considerably

from that form; thus, the Cross of the British Order of St.

George and St. Michael consist of a central medallion with seven

arms radiating from it.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A monument in the form of a

cross, or surmounted bu a cross, set up in a public place;

<as>as, a market <ex>cross</ex>; a boundary <ex>cross</ex>;

Charing <ex>Cross</ex> in London.</as></def>



<q>Dun-Edin's <qex>Cross</qex>, a pillared stone,

Rose on a turret octagon.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A common heraldic bearing, of

which there are many varieties. See the Illustration,

above.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>The crosslike mark or symbol used instead of a

signature by those unable to write.</def>



<q>Five Kentish abbesses . . . .subscribed their names and

<qex>crosses</qex>.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>Church lands.</def> <mark>[Ireland]</mark>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir J. Davies.</au>



<sn>10.</sn> <def>A line drawn across or through another

line.</def>



<sn>11.</sn> <def>Hence: A mixing of breeds or stock, especially

in cattle breeding; or the product of such intermixture; a hybrid

of any kind.</def>



<q> Toning down the ancient Viking into a sort of a

<qex>cross</qex> between Paul Jones and Jeremy Diddler.</q>

<qau>Lord Dufferin.</qau>



<-- p. 348 -->



<sn>12.</sn> <fld>(Surveying)</fld> <def>An instrument for laying

of offsets perpendicular to the main course.</def>



<sn>13.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A pipe-fitting with four

branches the axes of which usually form's right angle.</def>



<cs><col>Cross and pile</col>, <cd>a game with money, at which it

is put to chance whether a coin shall fall with that side up

which bears the cross, or the other, which is called

<xex>pile</xex>, or <xex>reverse</xex>; the game called

<xex>heads or tails</xex>.</cd> -- <col>Cross bottony</col> <or/

<col>botton\'82</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bottony</er>.</cd> --

<col>Cross estoil\'82</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>. <cd>a cross, each

of whose arms is pointed like the ray of a star; that is, a star

having four long points only.</cd> -- <col>Cross of

Calvary</col>. <cd>See <er>Calvary</er>, 3.</cd> -- <col>Southern

cross</col>. <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <cd>See under

<er>Southern</er>.</cd> -- <col>To do a thing on the cross</col>,

<cd>to act dishonestly; -- opposed to acting <xex>on the

square</xex>.</cd> <mark>[Slang]</mark> -- <col>To take up the

cross</col>, <cd>to bear troubles and afflictions with patience

from love to Christ.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cross</hw> <pr>(kr?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Not parallel; lying or falling athwart; transverse; oblique;

intersecting.</def>



<q>The <qex>cross</qex> refraction of the second prism.</q>

<qau>Sir I. Newton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not accordant with what is wished or expected;

interrupting; adverse; contrary; thwarting; perverse.</def> \'bdA

<xex>cross</xex> fortune.\'b8



<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>



<q>The <qex>cross</qex> and unlucky issue of my design.</q>

<qau>Glanvill.</qau>



<q>The article of the resurrection seems to lie marvelously

<qex>cross</qex> to the common experience of mankind.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<q>We are both love's captives, but with fates so

<qex>cross</qex>,

One must be happy by the other's loss.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Characterized by, or in a state of, peevishness,

fretfullness, or ill humor; <as>as, a <ex>cross</ex> man or

woman</as>.</def>



<q>He had received a <qex>cross</qex> answer from his

mistress.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Made in an opposite direction, or an inverse

relation; mutually inverse; interchanged; <as>as, <ex>cross</ex>

interrogatories; <ex>cross</ex> marriages, as when a brother and

sister marry persons standing in the same relation to each

other.</as></def>



<cs><col>Cross action</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an action

brought by a party who is sued against the person who has sued

him, upon the same subject matter, as upon the same contract.

<au>Burrill</au>.</cd> -- <col>Cross aisle</col>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a transept; the lateral divisions of a

cruciform church.</cd> -- <col>Cross axie</col>.  <sd>(a)</sd>

<fld>(Mach.)</fld> <cd>A shaft, windlass, or roller, worked by

levers at opposite ends, as in the copperplate printing press.

<sd>(b)</sd> A driving axle.  with cranks set at an angle of

90<deg/ with each other.</cd> -- <col>Cross bedding</col>

<fld>(Geol.</cd>)</fld>, <cd>oblique lamination of horizontal

beds, -- <col>Cross bill</col>. <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd>

-- <col>Cross bitt</col>. <cd>Same as <er>Crosspiece</er>.</cd>

-- <col>Cross bond</col>, <cd>a form of bricklaying, in which the

joints of one stretcher course come midway between those of the

stretcher courses above and below, a course of headers and

stretchers intervening. See <er>Bond</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 8.</cd>

-- <col>Cross breed</col>. <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> --

<col>Cross breeding</col>. <cd>See under <er>Breeding</er>.</cd>

-- <col>Cross buttock</col>, <cd>a particular throw in wrestling;

hence, an unexpected defeat or repulse.</cd> <au>Smollet</au>. --

<col>Cross country</col>, <cd>across the country; not by the

road.</cd> \'bdThe <xex>cross-country</xex> ride.\'b8

<au>Cowper</au>. -- <col>Cross fertilization</col>, <cd>the

fertilization of the female products of one physiological

individual by the male products of another, -- as the

fertilization of the ovules of one plant by pollen from another.

See <er>Fertilization</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cross file</col>, <cd>a

double convex file, used in dressing out the arms or crosses of

fine wheells.</cd> --  <col>Cross fire</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>,

<cd>lines of fire, from two or more points or places, crossing

each other.</cd> -- <col>Cross forked</col>. <fld>(Her.)</fld>

<cd>See under <er>Forked</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cross frog</col>.

<cd>See under <er>Frog</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cross furrow</col>,

<cd>a furrow or trench cut across other furrows to receive the

water running in them and conduct it to the side of the

field.</cd> -- <col>Cross handle</col>, <cd>a handle attached

transversely to the axis of a tool, as in the augur.</cd>

<au>Knight</au>. -- <col>Cross lode</col> <fld>(Mining)</fld>,

<cd>a vein intersecting the true or principal lode.</cd> --

<col>Cross purpose</col>. <cd>See <er>Cross-purpose</er>, in the

Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Cross reference</col>, <cd>a reference

made from one part of a book or register to another part, where

the same or an allied subject is treated of.</cd> -- <col>Cross

sea</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a chopping sea, in which the

waves run in contrary directions.</cd> -- <col>Cross

stroke</col>, <cd>a line or stroke across something, as across

the letter <xex>t</xex>.</cd> -- <col>Cross wind</col>, <cd>a

side wind; an unfavorable wind.</cd> -- <col>Cross wires</col>,

<cd>fine wires made to traverse the field of view in a telescope,

and moved by a screw with a graduated head, used for delicate

astronomical observations; spider lines. Fixed <xex>cross

wires</xex> are also used in microscopes, etc.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Fretful; peevish. See <er>Fretful</er>.</syn>



<hw>Cross</hw>, <pos>prep.</pos> <def>Athwart; across.

<mark>[Archaic or Colloq.]</mark> A fox was taking a walk one

night <xex>cross</xex> a village.</def>



<au>L'Estrange.</au>



<cs><col>To go cross lots</col>, <cd>to go across the fields;

totake a short cut. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Cross</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Crossed</er> <pr>(kr?st; 115)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &

vb. n.</pos> <er>Crossing</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

put across or athwart; to cause to intersect; <as>as, to

<ex>cross</ex> the arms</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To lay or draw something, as a line, across;

<as>as, to <ex>cross</ex> the letter <it>t</it></as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To pass from one side to the other of; to pass

or move over; to traverse; <as>as, to <ex>cross</ex> a

stream</as>.</def>



<q>A hunted hare . . . <qex>crosses</qex> and confounds her

former track.</q>

<qau> I. Watts.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To pass, as objects going in an opposite

direction at the same time.</def> \'bdYour kind letter

<xex>crossed</xex> mine.\'b8



<au>J. D. Forbes.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To run counter to; to thwart; to obstruct; to

hinder; to clash or interfere with.</def>



<q>In each thing give him way; <qex>cross</qex> him in

nothing.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>An oyster may be <qex>crossed</qex> onlove.</q>

<qau> Sheridan.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To interfere and cut off; to debar.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>To <qex>cross</qex> me from the golden time I look for.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>To make the sign of the cross upon; -- followed

by the reflexive pronoun; <as>as, he <ex>crossed</ex>

himself</as>.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>To cancel by marking crosses on or over, or

drawing a line across; to erase; -- usually with <xex>out</xex>,

<xex>off</xex>, or <xex>over</xex>; <as>as, to <ex>cross</ex> out

a name</as>.</def>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>To cause to interbreed; -- said of different

stoocks or races; to mix the breed of.</def>



<cs><col>To cross one's path</col>, <cd>to oppose one's

plans.</cd></cs>



<au> Macualay.</au>



<hw>Cross</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To lie or be

athwart.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To move or pass from one side to the other, or

from place to place; to make a transit; <as>as, to <ex>cross</ex>

from New York to Liverpool</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To be inconsistent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Men's actions do not always <qex>cross</qex> with reason.</q>

<qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To interbreed, as races; to mix distinct

breeds.</def>



<q>If two individuals of distinct races <qex>cross</qex>, a third

is invariably produced different from either.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<hw>Cross"-armed`</hw> <pr>(kr?s"?rmd)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>With arms crossed.</def>



<hw>Cross"-band`ed</hw> <pr>(-b?nd`?d)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>A

term used when a narrow ribbon of veneer is inserted into the

surfase of any piece of furniture, wainscoting, etc., so that the

grain of it is contrary to the general surface.</def>



<hw>Cross"bar`</hw> <pr>(-b?r`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

transverse bar or piece, as a bar across a door, or as the iron

bar or stock which passes through the shank of an anchor to

insure its turning fluke down.</def>



<au>Russell.</au>



<cs><col>Crossbar shot</col>, <cd>a projectile which folds into a

sphere for loading, but on leaving the gun expands to a cross

with a quarter ball at the end of each arm; -- used in naval

actions for cutting the enemy's rigging.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cross"barred`</hw> <pr>(-b?rd`)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Secured by, or furnished with, crossbars.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Made or patterned in lines crossing each other;

<as>as, <ex>crossbarred</ex> muslin</as>.</def>



<hw>Cross"beak`</hw> <pr>(-b?k`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Crossbill</er>.</def>



<hw>Cross"beam`</hw> <pr>(-b?m`)</pr>.  <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A girder.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A beam laid across the bitts,

to which the cable is fastened when riding at anchor.</def>



<hw>Cross"-bear`er</hw> <pr>(-b?r`?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(R.C.Ch.)</fld> <def>A subdeacon who bears a cross before an

archbishop or primate on solemn occasions.</def>



<hw>Cross"bill`</hw> <pr>(-b?l`)</pr>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A

bill brought by a defendant, in an equity or chancery suit,

against the plaintiff, respecting the matter in question in that

suit.</def>



<au>Bouvier.</au>



<note><hand/ In criminal practice, <xex>cross bills</xex> of

indictment for assault, in which the prosecutor in once case is

the defendant in another, may be tried together.</note>



<hw>Cross"bill`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

bird of the genus <spn>Loxia</spn>, allied to the finches. Their

mandibles are strongly curved and cross each other; the

crossbeak.</def>



<hw>Cross"-birth`</hw> <pr>(-b?rth`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Any preternatural labor, in whiche the

boly of the child lies across the pelvis of the mother, so that

the shoulder, arm, or trunk is the part first presented at the

mouth of the uterus.</def>



<hw>Cross"bite`</hw> <pr>(-b?t`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

deeption; a cheat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Cross"bite"</hw>, <pos>b. t.</pos> <def>To deceive; to trick;

to gull.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Cross"bones`</hw> <pr>(-b?nz`)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>A

representation of two of the leg bones or arm bones of a

skeleton, laid crosswise, often surmounted with a skull, and

serving as a symbol of death.</def>



<q><qex>Crossbones</qex>, scythes, hourglasses, and other

lugubrios emblems of mortality.</q>

<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>



<hw>Cross"bow`</hw> <pr>(-b?`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Archery)</fld> <def>A weapon, used in discharging arrows,

formed by placing a bow crosswise on a stock.</def>



<hw>Cross"bow`er</hw> <pr>(-b?`?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

crossbowman.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Cross"bow`man</hw> <pr>(-m<it>a</it>n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>One who shoots with a crossbow. See <er>Arbalest</er>.</def>



<hw>Cross"bred`</hw> <pr>(-br?d`)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Stock

Breeding)</fld> <def>Produced by mixing distinct breeds;

mongrel.</def>



<hw>Cross"breed`</hw> <pr>(-br?d`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A breed or an animal produced from parents of

different breeds; a new variety, as of plants, combining the

qualites of two parent varieties or stocks.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything partaking of the natures of two

different things; a hybrid.</def>



<hw>Cross"-bun`</hw> <pr>(-b?n`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A bun

or cake marked with a cross, and intended to be eaten on Good

Friday.</def>



<hw>Cross`-cross"let</hw> <pr>(-kr?s"l?t; 115)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A cross having the three

upper ends crossed, so as to from three small crosses.</def>



<hw>Cross"cut`</hw> <pr>(-k?t`)</pr><def>, v. t.  To cut across

or through; to intersect.</def>



<hw>Cross"cut`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A short cut

across; a path shorter than by the high road.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A level driven across the

course of a vein, or across the main workings, as from one

gangway to another.</def>



<cs><col>Crosscut saw</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A saw, the teeth of

which are so set as to adapt it for sawing wood crosswise of the

grain rather than lengthwise.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A saw managed

by two men, one at each end, for cutting large logs

crosswise.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cross"-days`</hw> <pr>(-d?z`)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The three days preceding the Feast of the

Ascension.</def>



<hw>Cros*sette"</hw> <pr>(kr?s-s?t`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F., dim. of <ets>crosse</ets>. See <er>Crosier</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A return in one of the

corners of the architrave of a door or window; -- called also

<altname>ancon</altname>, <altname>ear</altname>,

<altname>elbow</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The shoulder of

a joggled keystone.</def>



<hw>Cross"-ex*am`i*na"tion</hw> <pr>(kr?s"?gz-?m`?-n?"sh?n;

115)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Low)</fld> <def>The interrogating

or questioning of a witness by the party against whom he has been

called and examined. See <er>Examination</er>.</def>



<hw>Cross"-ex*am"ine</hw> <pr>(-?m"?n)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Cross-examined</er>

<pr>(-?nd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Cross-examining</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Low)</fld> <def>To

examine or question, as a witness who has been called and

examined by the opposite party.</def> \'bdThe opportunity to

<xex>cross-examine</xex> the witnesses.\'b8



<au>Kent.</au>



<hw>Cross"-ex*am"in*er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>One who cross-examines or conducts a

crosse-examination.</def>



<hw>Cross"-eye`</hw> <pr>(-?`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Strabismus</er>.</def>



<hw>Cross"-eyed`</hw> <pr>(-?d`)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Affected with strabismus; squint-eyed; squinting.</def>



<hw>Cross"fish`</hw> <pr>(-f?sh`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A starfish.</def>



<hw>Cross"flow`</hw> <pr>(-fl?`)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To

flow across, or in a contrary direction.</def> \'bdHis

<xex>crossflowing</xex> course.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Cross"-gar`net</hw> <pr>(kr?s"g?r`n?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>A hinge having one strap perpendicular and the other strap

horizontal giving it the form of an Egyptian or T cross.</def>



<hw>Cross"grained</hw> <pr>(-gr?nd`)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Having the grain or fibers run diagonally, or

more or less transversely an irregularly, so as to interfere with

splitting or planing.</def>



<q>If the stuff proves <qex>crossgrained</qex>, . . . then you

must turn your stuff to plane it the contrary way.</q>

<qau>Moxon.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Perverse; untractable; contrary.</def>



<q>She was none of your <qex>crossgrained</qex>, termagant,

scolding jades.</q>

<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>



<hw>Cross"nath`</hw> <pr>(-h?ch`; 224)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<def>To shade by means of crosshatching.</def>



<hw>Cross"hatch`ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>In drawing and line

engraving, shading with lines that cross one another at an

angle.</def>



<hw>Cross"head`</hw> <pr>(-h?d)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A beam or bar across the head or end of a

rod, etc., or a block attached to it and carrying a knuckle pin;

as the solid crosspiece running between parallel slides, which

receives motion from the piston of a steam engine and imparts it

to the connecting rod, which is hinged to the crosshead.</def>



<hw>Cross"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Cross</er>,

<pos>v. t.</pos> ]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act by which

anything is crossed; <as>as, the <ex>crossing</ex> of the

ocean</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of making the sign of the cross.</def>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The act of interbreeding; a mixing of

breeds.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Intersection, as of two paths or roads.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A place where anything (as a stream) is crossed;

a paved walk across a street.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Contradiction; thwarting; obstruction.</def>



<q>I do not bear these <qex>crossings</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Cross"jack`</hw> <pr>(kr?s"j?k` <or/ kr?"j?k`)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The lowest square sail, or

the lower yard of the mizzenmast.</def>



<hw>CRoss"legged`</hw> <pr>(-l?gd`)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Having the legs crossed.</def>



<hw>Cross"let</hw> <pr>(-lEt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Dim. of

<ets>cross</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A small cross.</def>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[Cf. OF.  <ets>croisel</ets> crucible, and

<er>E</er>. <er>Cresset</er>.]</ety> <def>A crucible.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Cross"let</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Crossed

again; -- said of a cross the arms of which are crossed.

See<er>Cross-crosslet</er>.</def>



<hw>Cross"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Athwart; adversely;

unfortunately; peevishly; fretfully; with ill humor.</def>



<hw>Cross"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of

being cross; peevishness; fretfulness; ill humor.</def>



<hw>Cros*sop`ter*yg"i*an</hw> <pr>(kr?s-s?p`t?r-?j?-a]/>n)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the

Crossopterygii.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> One of the

Crossopterygii.</def></def2>



<hw>\'d8Cros*sop`te*ryg"i*i</hw> <pr>(kr?s-s?p`t?-r?j?-?)</pr>,

<pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/ tassels, a fringe

+ <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/, dim. of <?/<?/<?/<?/ wing, fin.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of ganoid fishes including

among living species the bichir (<spn>Polypterus</spn>). See

<er>Brachioganoidei</er>.</def>



<hw>Cross"patch`</hw> <pr>(-p?ch`; 224)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>An ill-natured person.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

\'bd<xex>Crosspatch</xex>, draw the latch.\'b8



<au>Mother Goose.</au>



<hw>Cross"-pawl`</hw> <pr>(-p?l`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>Same as

<er>Cross-spale</er>.</def>



<hw>Cross"piece`</hw> <pr>(kr?s"p?s`; 115)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A piece of any structure which is fitted or

framed crosswise.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A bar or timber connecting

two knightheads or two bitts.</def>



<hw>Cross"-pur`pose</hw> <pr>(-p?r`p?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A counter or opposing purpose; hence, that which

is inconsistent or contradictory.</def>



<au>Shaftesbury.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>A conversational game, in which

questions and answers are made so as to involve ludicrous

combinations of ideas.</def>



<au>Pepys.</au>



<cs><col>To be at cross-purposes</col>, <cd>to misunderstand or

to act counter to one another without intending it; -- said of

persons.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cross"-ques`tion</hw> <pr>(-kw?s`ch?n)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Cross-questioned</er>

<pr>(-ch?nd)</pr>, <pos>p. pr. & vb. n</pos>. 

<er>Cross-questioning</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cross-examine;

to subject to close questioning.</def>



<hw>Cross"-read`ing</hw> <pr>(r?d`?ng)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>The reading of the lines of a newspaper directly across the

page, instead of down the columns, thus producing a ludicrous

combination of ideas.</def>



<hw>Cross"road`</hw> <pr>(-r?d`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A road

that crosses another; an obscure road intersecting or avoiding

the main road.</def>



<hw>Cross"row`</hw> <pr>(-r?`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The alphabet; -- called also

<altname>Christcross-row</altname>.</def>



<q>And from the <qex>crossrow</qex> plucks the letter G.</q>

<qau> Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A row that crosses others.</def>



<hw>Cross"ruff`</hw> <pr>(-r?f`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Whist)</fld> <def>The play in whist where partners trump

each a different suit, and lead to each other for that purpose;

-- called also <altname>seesaw</altname>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cross"-spale`</hw> <pr>(-sp?l`)</pr>,

<hw>Cross"-spall`</hw> <pr>(-sp?l`)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[See <er>Spale</er> & <er>Spall</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>One of the temporary wooden

braces, placed horizontally across a frame to hold it in position

until the deck beams are in; a cross-pawl.</def>



<hw>Cross"-spring`er</hw> <pr>(-spr?ng`?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>One of the ribs in a groined arch,

springing from the corners in a diagonal direction. <note>[See

<xex>Illustr</xex>. of <er>Groined vault</er>.]</note></def>



<hw>Cross"-staff`</hw> <pr>(-st?f`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>An instrument formerly used at sea for taking

the altitudes of celestial bodies.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A surveyor's instrument for measuring

offsets.</def>



<hw>Cross"-stitch`</hw> <pr>(-st?ch`; 224)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>A form of stitch, where the stitches are diagonal and in

pairs, the thread of one stitch crossing that of the other.

\'bdTent and <xex>cross-stitch</xex>.\'b8 <au>Sir W. Scott</au>.

</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Cross"-stitch`</wf>, <pos>v. t. &

i.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Cross"-stone`</hw> <pr>(-st?n`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>See <er>Harmotome</er>, and

<er>Staurotide</er>.</def>



<hw>Cross"-tail`</hw> <pr>(-t?l`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Steam

Engine)</fld> <def>A bar connecting the ends of the side rods or

levers of a backaction or side-lever engine.</def>



<hw>Cross"-tie`</hw> <pr>(-t?`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Railroad)</fld> <def>A sleeper supporting and connecting

the rails, and holding them in place.</def>



<-- p. 349 -->



<hw>Cross"-tin`ing</hw> <pr>(kr?s"t?n`?ng)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Agric.)</fld> <def>A mode of harrowing crosswise, or

transversely to the ridges.</def>



<au>Crabb.</au>



<hw>Cross"trees`</hw> <pr>(-tr?z`)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Pieces of timber at a masthead, to which

are attached the upper shrouds.  At the head of lower masts in

large vessels, they support a semicircular platform called the

\'bdtop.\'b8</def>



<hw>Cross"-vault`ing</hw> <pr>(-v?lt`?ng)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Vaulting formed by the intersection of

two or more simple vaults.</def>



<hw>Cross"way`</hw> <pr>(-w?`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Crossroad</er>.</def>



<hw>Cross"-week`</hw> <pr>(-w?k`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Rogation week, when the cross was borne in

processions.</def>



<hw>Cross"wise`</hw> <pr>(-w?z`)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In

the form of a cross; across; transversely.</def>



<au>Longfellow.</au>



<hw>Cross"wort`</hw> <pr>(-w?rt`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name given to several inconspicuous

plants having leaves in whorls of four, as species of

<xex>Crucianella</xex>, <xex>Valantia</xex>, etc.</def>



<hw>\'d8Crot`a*la"ri*a</hw> <pr>(kr?t`?-l?"r?-?  <or/

kr?`t?-l?"r?-A)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL. See

<er>Crotalum</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of

leguminous plants; rattlebox.</def>



<note><hand/ <spn>Crotalaria juncea</spn> furnishes the fiber

called <xex>sunn</xex> or <xex>Bombay hemp</xex>.</note>



<hw>Crot"a*line</hw> <pr>(kr?t"?-l?n <or/ kr?`t?-)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Crotalus</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Resembling, or pertaining to, the

<spn>Crotalidae</spn>, or Rattlesnake family.</def>



<hw>\'d8Crot"a*lo</hw> <pr>(-l?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

Turkish musical instrument.</def>



<hw>\'d8Crot"a*lum</hw> <pr>(-l?m)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ rattle.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A kind

of castanet used by the Corybantes.</def>



<hw>\'d8Crot"a*lus</hw> <pr>(-l?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ rattle.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

genus of poisonous serpents, including the rattlesnakes.</def>



<hw>Crot"a*phite</hw> <pr>(kr?t"?-f?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ the side of the forehead.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The temple or temporal fossa. Also used

adjectively.</def>



<hw>Crot`a*phit"ic</hw> <pr>(kr?t`?-f?t"?k)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the temple; temporal.</def>



<hw>Crotch</hw> <pr>(kr?ch; 224)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Crotches</plw> <pr>(-<?/z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Crotchet</er>, <er>Crutch</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

angle formed by the parting of two legs or branches; a fork; the

point where a trunk divides; <as>as, the <ex>crotch</ex> of a

tree</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A stanchion or post of wood

or iron, with two arms for supporting a boom, spare yards, etc.;

-- called also <altname>crane</altname> and

<altname>crutch</altname>.</def>



<au>Totten.</au>



<hw>Crotched</hw> <pr>(kr?cht)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Having a crotch; forked.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Cross; peevish.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>Crotch"et</hw> <pr>(kr?ch"?t; 224)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F. <ets>crochet</ets>, prop., a little hook, a dim. from

the same source as <ets>croc</ets> hook. See <er>Crook</er>, and

cf. <er>Crochet</er>, <er>Crocket</er>, <er>Crosier</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A forked support; a crotch.</def>



<q>The <qex>crotchets</qex> of their cot in columns rise.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A time note, with a stem,

having one fourth the value of a semibreve, one half that of a

minim, and twice that of a quaver; a quarter note.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>An indentation in the glacis

of the covered way, at a point where a traverse is placed.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The arrangement of a body of

troops, either forward or rearward, so as to form a line nearly

perpendicular to the general line of battle.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A bracket. See

<er>Bracket</er>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An instrument of a hooked

form, used in certain cases in the extraction of a fetus.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>A perverse fancy; a whim which takes possession

of the mind; a conceit.</def>



<q>He ruined himself and all that trusted in him by

<qex>crotchets</qex> that he could never explain to any rational

man.</q>

<qau>De Quincey.</qau>



<hw>Crotch"et</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To play music in

measured time.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Donne.</au>



<hw>Crotch"et*ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Marked or measured by

crotchets; having musical notation.</def>



<au>Harmar (1587).</au>



<hw>Crotch"et*i*ness</hw> <pr>(kr?ch"?t-?-n?s)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or character of being crotchety, or

whimsical.</def>



<q>This belief in rightness is a kind of conscientiousness, and

when it degenerates it becomes <qex>crotchetiness</qex>.</q>

<qau>J. Grote.</qau>



<hw>Crotch"et*y</hw> <pr>(kr?ch"?t-?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Given to crotchets; subject to whims; <as>as, a

<ex>crotchety</ex> man</as>.</def>



<hw>Cro"ton</hw> <pr>(kr?"t?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/<?/<?/<?/, prop., a tick, which the seed of the croton

resembles.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of

euphorbiaceous plants belonging to tropical countries.</def>



<cs><col>Croton oil</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a viscid, acrid,

brownish yellow oil obtained from the seeds of <spn>Croton

Tiglium</spn>, a small tree of the East Indies. It is a most

powerful drastic cathartic, and is used externally as a

pustulant.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cro"ton bug`</hw> <pr>(b?g`)</pr>. <ety>[From the

<ets>Croton</ets> water of New York.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A small, active, winged species of cockroach (<spn>Ectobia

Germanica</spn>), the water bug. It is common aboard ships, and

in houses in cities, esp. in those with hot-water pipes.</def>



<hw>Cro*ton"ic</hw> <pr>(kr?-t?n"?k)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of

or pertaining to, or derived from, a plant of the genus

<spn>Croton</spn>, or from croton oil.</def>



<cs><col>Crotonic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a white

crystalline organic acid, <chform>C3H5.CO2H</chform>, of the

ethylene, or acrylic acid series. It was so named because

formerly supposed to exist in croton oil. Also, any acid

metameric with crotonic acid proper.</cd></cs>



<note><hand/ The acid characteristic of croton oil is

<xex>tiglic</xex> or <xex>tiglinic acid</xex>, a derivative of

<xex>crotonic acid</xex>.</note>



<hw>Cro"ton*ine</hw> <pr>(kr?"t?n-?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A supposed alkaloid obtained from croton

oil by boiling it with water and magnesia, since found to be

merely a magnesia soap of the oil.</def>



<au>Watts.</au>



<hw>Cro*ton"y*lene</hw> <pr>(kr?-t?n"?-l?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Crotonic</ets>  + acet-<ets>ylene</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless, volatile, pungent liquid,

<chform>C4H6</chform>, produced artificially, and regarded as an

unsaturated hydrocarbon of the acetylene series, and analogous to

crotonic acid.</def>



<hw>Crot"tles</hw> <pr>(kr?t"t'lz)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[Gael.  <ets>crotal</ets>.]</ety> <def>A name given to

various lichens gathered for dyeing.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Crouch</hw> <pr>(krouch; 129)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Crouched</er>

<pr>(kroucht)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Crouching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.  <ets>cruchen</ets>,

<ets>crouchen</ets>, <ets>crouken</ets>; cf. E. 

<ets>creep</ets>, G.  <ets>krauchen</ets>, <ets>kriechen</ets>,

or E.  <ets>crook</ets> to bend, also <ets>crouch</ets> to

cross.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To bend down; to stoop low; to lie

close to the ground with the logs bent, as an animal when waiting

for prey, or in fear.</def>



<q>Now <qex>crouch</qex> like a cur.</q>

<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To bend servilely; to stoop meanly; to fawn; to

cringe.</def> \'bdA <xex>crouching</xex> purpose.\'b8



<au>Wordsworth.</au>



<q>Must I stand and <qex>crouch</qex>

Under your testy humor?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Crouch</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OE.  <ets>cruchen</ets>,

<ets>crouchen</ets>, from <ets>cruche</ets>, <ets>crouche</ets>,

cross. Cf. <er>Crosier</er>, <er>Crook</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To sign with the cross; to bless.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To bend, or cause to bend, as in humility or

fear.</def>



<q>She folded her arms across her chest,

And <qex>crouched</qex> her head upon her breast.</q>

<qau>Colerige.</qau>



<hw>Crouched</hw> <pr>(kroucht)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Marked

with the sign of the cross.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<cs><col>Crouched friar</col>. <cd>See <cref>Crutched

friar</cref>, under <er>Crutched</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Croud</hw> <pr>(kroud)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>

<def>See <er>Crowd</er>, a violin.</def>



<hw>Crouke</hw> <pr>(krouk)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A crock; a

jar.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chauser.</au>



<hw>Croup</hw> <pr>(kr??p)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. 

<ets>croupe</ets> hind quarters, croup, rump, of German or Icel.

origin; cf. Icel.  <ets>kryppa</ets> hump; akin to Icel. 

<ets>kroppr</ets>.  Cf. <er>Crop</er>.]</ety> <def>The hinder

part or buttocks of certain quadrupeds, especially of a horse;

hence, the place behind the saddle.</def>



<q>So light to the <qex>croup</qex> the fair lady he swung,

So light to the saddle before her he sprung.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<hw>Croup</hw> <pr>(kr??p)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Scot. 

<ets>croup</ets>, cf.  <ets>croup</ets>, <ets>crowp</ets>, to

croak, to cry or speak with a hoarse voice; cf. also LG.

<ets>kropp</ets>, G.  <ets>kropf</ets>, the crop or craw of a

bird, and tumor on the anterior part of the neck, a wen, etc. Cf.

<er>Crop</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An inflammatory

affection of the larynx or trachea, accompanied by a hoarse,

ringing cough and stridulous, difficult breathing; esp., such an

affection when associated with the development of a false

membrane in the air passages (also called <altname>membranous

croup</altname>). See <cref>False croup</cref>, under

<er>False</er>, and <er>Diphtheria</er>.</def>



<hw>Crou*pade"</hw> <pr>(kr??-p?d")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,

fr. <ets>croupe</ets> hind quarters.]</ety> <fld>(Man.)</fld>

<def>A leap in which the horse pulls up his hind legs toward his

belly.</def>



<hw>Croup"al</hw> <pr>(kr??p"<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Croupy.</def>



<hw>Croup"er</hw> <pr>(kr??p"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Crupper</er>.</def>



<hw>Crou"pi*er</hw> <pr>(kr<?/<?/"p<?/-<?/r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.; prop., one who sits on the croup, and hence, in the

second place; an assistant. See 1st <er>Croup</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>One who presides at a gaming table and collects

the stakes.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who, at a public dinner party, sits at the

lower end of the table as assistant chairman.</def>



<hw>Croup"ous</hw> <pr>(kr??p"?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Relating to or resembling croup;

especially, attended with the formation of a deposit or membrance

like that found in membranous croup; <as>as, <ex>croupous</ex>

laryngitis</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Croupous pneumonia</col>, <cd>pneumonia attended with

deposition of fibrinous matter in the air vesicles of the lungs;

ordinary acute pneumonia.</cd></cs>



<hw>Croup"y</hw> <pr>(kr??p"?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to croup; resembling or indicating croup; <as>as, a

<ex>croupy</ex> cough</as>.</def>



<hw>Crouse</hw> <pr>(kr??s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.

uncertain.]</ety> <def>Brisk; lively; bold;

self-complacent.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<au>Burns.</au>



<hw>\'d8Crou`stade"</hw> <pr>(kr??`st?d")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F., fr. <ets>cro<?/te</ets> a crust, OF. 

<ets>crouste</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>Bread baked

in a mold, and scooped out, to serve minces upon.</def>



<au>Bishop.</au>



<hw>Crout</hw> <pr>(krout)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G. 

<ets>kraut</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Sourkrout</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Crou`ton"</hw> <pr>(kr??`t?n")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.  <ets>cro<?/ton</ets>, fr.  <ets>cro<?/te</ets> a

crust.]</ety> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>Bread cut in various

forms, and fried lightly in butter or oil, to garnish hashes,

etc.</def>



<hw>Crow</hw> <pr>(kr?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Crew</er> <pr>(kr<?/)</pr> or

<er>Crowed</er> <pr>(kr<?/d)</pr>; <pos>p. p.</pos>

<er>Crowed</er> (<er>Crown</er> <pr>(kr?n)</pr>,

<mark>Obs.</mark>); <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Crowing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>cr<?/wan</ets>;

akin to D. <ets>kraijen</ets>, G.  <ets>kr<?/hen</ets>, cf. Lith. 

<ets>groti</ets> to croak. <root/24. Cf.  <er>Crake</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To make the shrill sound characteristic of a

cock, either in joy, gayety, or defiance.</def> \'bdThe cock had

<xex>crown</xex>.\'b8



<au>Bayron.</au>



<q>The morning cock <qex>crew</qex> loud.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To shout in exultation or defiance; to

brag.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To utter a sound expressive of joy or

pleasure.</def>



<q>The sweetest little maid,

That ever <qex>crowed</qex> for kisses.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<cs><col>To crow over</col>, <cd>to exult over a vanquished

antagonist.</cd></cs>



<q>Sennacherib <qex>crowing over</qex> poor Jerusalem.</q>

<qau>Bp. Hall.</qau>



<hw>Crow</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>cr<?/we</ets> a crow

(in sense 1); akin to D.  <ets>kraai</ets>, G. 

<ets>kr<?/e</ets>; cf. Icel.  <ets>kr<?/ka</ets> crow. So named

from its cry, from AS.  <ets>cr<?/wan</ets> to crow. See

<er>Crow</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos> ]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bird, usually black, of

the genus <spn>Corvus</spn>, having a strong conical beak, with

projecting bristles. It has a harsh, croaking note. See

<er>Caw</er>.</def>



<note><hand/ The common crow of Europe, or carrion crow, is

<spn>C. corone</spn>. The common American crow is <spn>C.

Americanus</spn>. See <cref>Carrion crow</cref>, and

<xex>Illustr</xex>., under <er>Carrion</er>.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A bar of iron with a beak, crook, or claw; a bar

of iron used as a lever; a crowbar.</def>



<q>Get me an iron <qex>crow</qex>, and bring it straight

Unto my cell.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The cry of the cock. See <er>Crow</er>, <pos>v.

i.</pos>, 1.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The mesentery of a beast; -- so called by

butchers.</def>



<cs><col>Carrion crow</col>. <cd>See under <er>Carrion</er>.</cd>

-- <col>Crow blackbird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an

American bird (<spn>Quiscalus quiscula</spn>); -- called also

<altname>purple grackle</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Crow

pheasant</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an Indian cuckoo; the

common coucal. It is believed by the natives to give omens. See

<er>Coucal</er>.</cd> -- <col>Crow shrike</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any bird of the genera

<spn>Gymnorhina</spn>, <spn>Craticus</spn>, or

<spn>Strepera</spn>, mostly from Australia.</cd> --

<col>Red-legged crow</col>. <cd>See <er>Crough</er>.</cd> --

<col>As the crow flies</col>, <cd>in a direct line.</cd> --

<mcol><col>To pick a crow</col>, <col>To pluck a

crow</col></mcol>, <cd>to state and adjust a difference or

grievance (with any one).</cd></cs>



<hw>Crow"bar`</hw> <pr>(kr?"b?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A bar

of iron sharpened at one end, and used as a lever.</def>



<hw>Crow`ber`ry</hw> <pr>(kr?"b?r`r?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A heathlike plant of the genus

<spn>Empetrum</spn>, and its fruit, a black, scarcely edible

berry; -- also called <altname>crakeberry</altname>.</def>



<hw>Crowd</hw> <pr>(kroud)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Crowded</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Crowding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. 

<ets>crouden</ets>, <ets>cruden</ets>, AS. <ets>cr<?/dan</ets>;

cf. D.  <ets>kruijen</ets> to push in a wheelbarrow.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To push, to press, to shove.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To press or drive together; to mass

together.</def> \'bd<xex>Crowd</xex> us and crush us.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To fill by pressing or thronging together;

hence, to encumber by excess of numbers or quantity.</def>



<q>The balconies and verandas were <qex>crowded</qex> with

spectators, anxious to behold their future sovereign.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To press by solicitation; to urge; to dun;

hence, to treat discourteously or unreasonably.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<cs><col>To crowd out</col>, <cd>to press out; specifically, to

prevent the publication of; as, the press of other matter

<xex>crowded out</xex> the article.</cd> -- <col>To crowd

sail</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to carry an extraordinary

amount of sail, with a view to accelerate the speed of a vessel;

to carry a press of sail.</cd></cs>



<hw>Crowd</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To press

together or collect in numbers; to swarm; to throng.</def>



<q>The whole company <qex>crowded</qex> about the fire.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<q>Images came <qex>crowding</qex> on his mind faster than he

could put them into words.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To urge or press forward; to force one's self;

<as>as, a man <ex>crowds</ex> into a room</as>.</def>



<hw>Crowd</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.  <ets>croda</ets>. See

<er>Crowd</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos> ]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

number of things collected or closely pressed together; also, a

number of things adjacent to each other.</def>



<q>A <qex>crowd</qex> of islands.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A number of persons congregated or collected

into a close body without order; a throng.</def>



<q>The <qex>crowd</qex> of Vanity Fair.</q>

<qau>Macualay.</qau>



<q><qex>Crowds</qex> that stream from yawning doors.</q>

<qau>{\*\bkmkstart here}Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The lower orders of people; the populace; the

vulgar; the rabble; the mob.</def>



<q>To fool the <qex>crowd</qex> with glorious lies.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<q>He went not with the <qex>crowd</qex> to see a shrine.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Throng; multitude. See <er>Throng</er>.</syn>



<hw>Crowd</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[W. <ets>crwth</ets>; akin to

Gael. <ets>cruit</ets>. Perh. named from its shape, and akin to

Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ curved, and E.  <ets>curve</ets>. Cf.

<er>Rote</er>.]</ety> <def>An ancient instrument of music with

six strings; a kind of violin, being the oldest known stringed

instrument played with a bow.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>croud</asp>, <asp>crowth</asp>, <asp>cruth</asp>, and

<asp>crwth</asp>.]</altsp>



<q>A lackey that . . . can warble upon a <qex>crowd</qex> a

little.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<hw>Crowd</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To play on a crowd; to

fiddle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdFiddlers, <xex>crowd</xex>

on.\'b8



<au>Massinger.</au>



<hw>Crowd"er</hw> <pr>(kroud"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

plays on a crowd; a fiddler.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdSome

blind <xex>crowder</xex>.\'b8



<au>Sir P. Sidney.</au>



<hw>Crowd"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who crowds or

pushes.</def>



<hw>Crow"dy</hw> <pr>(krou"d?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A thick

gruel of oatmeal and milk or water; food of the porridge

kind.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Crow"flow`er</hw> <pr>(kr?"flou`?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of campion; according to Gerarde,

the <xex>Lychnis Flos-cuculi</xex>.</def>



<hw>Crow"foot`</hw> <pr>(kr?"f??t`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The genus

<spn>Ranunculus</spn>, of many species; some are common weeds,

others are flowering plants of considerable beauty.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A number of small cords rove

through a long block, or euphroe, to suspend an awning by.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A caltrop. <altsp>[Written

also <asp>crow's-foot</asp>.]</alstsp> 



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Well Boring)</fld> <def>A tool with a side claw

for recovering broken rods, etc.</def>



<au>Raymond.</au>



<hw>Crow"keep`er</hw> <pr>(-k?p`?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

person employed to scare off crows; hence, a scarecrow.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Scaring the ladies like a <qex>crowkeeper</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Crown</hw> <pr>(kr?n)</pr>, <def><pos>p. p.</pos> of

<er>Crow</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Crown</hw> <pr>(kroun)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>corone</ets>, <ets>coroun</ets>, <ets>crune</ets>,

<ets>croun</ets>, OF.  <ets>corone</ets>, <ets>corune</ets>, F. 

<ets>couronne</ets>, fr. L.  <ets>corona</ets> crown, wreath;

akin to Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ anything curved, crown; cf. also L. 

<ets>curvus</ets> curved, E.  <ets>curve</ets>, <ets>curb</ets>,

Gael.  <ets>cruinn</ets> round, W.  <ets>crwn</ets>. Cf.

<er>Cornice</er>, <er>Corona</er>, <er>Coroner</er>,

<er>Coronet</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A wreath or garland, or

any ornamental fillet encircling the head, especially as a reward

of victory or mark of honorable distinction; hence, anything

given on account of, or obtained by, faithful or successful

effort; a reward.</def> \'bdAn olive branch and laurel

<xex>crown</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>They do it to obtain a corruptible <qex>crown</qex>; but we an

incorruptiblle.</q>

<qau>1 Cor. ix. 25.</qau>



<q>Be thou faithful unto death, and I will give thee a

<qex>crown</qex> of life.</q>

<qau>Rev. ii. 10.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A royal headdress or cap of sovereignty, worn by

emperors, kings, princes, etc.</def>



<note><hand/ Nobles wear <xex>coronets</xex>; the triple

<xex>crown</xex> of the pope is usually called a

<xex>tiara</xex>. The <xex>crown</xex> of England is a circle of

gold with crosses, fleurs-de-lis, and imperial arches, inclosing

a crimson velvet cap, and ornamented with thousands of diamonds

and precious stones.</note>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The person entitled to wear a regal or imperial

crown; the sovereign; -- with the definite article.</def>



<q>Parliament may be dissolved by the demise of the

<qex>crown</qex>.</q>

<qau>Blackstone.</qau>



<q>Large arrears of pay were due to the civil and military

servants of the <qex>crown</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Imperial or regal power or dominion;

sovereignty.</def>



<q>There is a power behind the <qex>crown</qex> greater than the

<qex>crown</qex> itself.</q>

<qau>Junius.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Anything which imparts beauty, splendor, honor,

dignity, or finish.</def>



<q>The hoary head is a <qex>crown</qex> of glory, if it be found

in the way of righteousness.</q>

<qau>Prov. xvi. 31.</qau>



<q>A virtuous woman is a <qex>crown</qex> to her husband.</q>

<qau>Prov. xvi. 4.</qau>



<-- p. 350 -->



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Highest state; acme; consummation;

perfection.</def>



<q>Mutual love, the <qex>crown</qex> of all our bliss.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>The topmost part of anything; the summit.</def>



<q>The steepy <qex>crown</qex> of the bare mountains.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>The topmost part of the head (see

<xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Bird</er>.); that part of the head from

which the hair descends toward the sides and back; also, the head

or brain.</def>



<q>From toe to <qex>crown</qex> he'll fill our skin with

pinches.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Twenty things which I set down:

This done, I twenty more-had in my <qex>crown</qex>.</q>

<qau>Bunyan.</qau>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>The part of a hat above the brim.</def>



<sn>10.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The part of a tooth which

projects above the gum; also, the top or grinding surface of a

tooth.</def>



<sn>11.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The vertex or top of an

arch; -- applied generally to about one third of the curve, but

in a pointed arch to the apex only.</def>



<sn>12.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as

<er>Corona</er>.</def>



<sn>13.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>That part of an

anchor where the arms are joined to the shank.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>The rounding, or rounded part, of the deck from a level

line.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The bights formed

by the several turns of a cable.</def>



<au>Totten.</au>



<sn>14.</sn> <def>The upper range of facets in a rose

diamond.</def>



<sn>15.</sn> <def>The dome of a furnace.</def>



<sn>16.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The area inclosed between

two concentric perimeters.</def>



<sn>17.</sn> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A round spot shaved clean on

the top of the head, as a mark of the clerical state; the

tonsure.</def>



<sn>18.</sn> <def>A size of writing paper. See under

<er>Paper</er>.</def>



<sn>19.</sn> <def>A coin stamped with the image of a crown;

hence,a denomination of money; <as>as, the English

<ex>crown</ex>, a silver coin of the value of five shillings

sterling, or a little more than $1</as>.20; the Danish or

Norwegian <xex>crown</xex>, a money of account, etc., worth

nearly twenty-seven cents.</def>



<sn>20.</sn> <def>An ornaments or decoration representing a

crown; <as>as, the paper is stamped with a

<ex>crown</ex></as>.</def>



<cs><col>Crown of aberration</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>a

spurious circle around the true circle of the sun.</cd> --

<col>Crown antler</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the topmost

branch or tine of an antler; also, an antler having a cuplike

top, with tines springing from the rim.</cd> -- <col>Crown

bar</col>, <cd>one of the bars which support the crown sheet of

steam-boiler furnace.</cd> -- <col>Crown glass</col>. <cd>See

under <er>Glass</er>.</cd> -- <col>Crown imperial</col>.

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Crown

jewels</col>, <cd>the jewels appertaining to the sovereign while

wearing the crown. <mark>[Eng.]</mark> \'bdShe pawned and set to

sale the <xex>crown jewels<xex>.\'b8 <au>Milton</au>.</cd> --

<col>Crown land</col>, <cd>land belonging to the crown, that is,

to the sovereign.</cd> -- <col>Crown law</col>, <cd>the law which

governs criminal prosecutions.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> --

<col>Crown lawyer</col>, <cd>one employed by the crown, as in

criminal cases.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Crown

octavo</col>. <cd>See under <er>Paper</er>.</cd> -- <col>Crown

office</col>. <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Crown

paper</col>.  <cd>See under <er>Paper</er>.</cd> -- <col>Crown

piece</col>.  <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Crown

Prince</col>, <cd>the heir apparent to a crown or throne.</cd> --

<col>Crown saw</col>. <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> --

<col>Crown scab</col> <fld>(Far.)</fld>, <cd>a cancerous sore

formed round the corners of a horse's hoof.</cd> -- <col>Crown

sheet</col>, <cd>the flat plate which forms the top of the

furnace or fire box of an internally fired steam boiler.</cd> --

<col>Crown shell</col>.  <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See

<er>Acorn-shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Crown side</col>. See

<er>Crown office</er>. -- <col>Crown tax</col> <fld>(Eccl.

Hist.)</fld>, <cd>a golden crown, or its value, which was

required annually from the Jews by the king of Syria, in the time

of the Maccabees.</cd> <au>1 Macc. x. 20</au>. -- <col>Crown

wheel</col>. <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Crown

work</col>. <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Pleas of the

crown</col> <fld>(Engl. law)</fld>, <cd>criminal

actions.</cd></cs>



<hw>Crown</hw> <pr>(kroun)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Crowned</er>

<pr>(kround)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Crowning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>coronen</ets>,

<ets>corunen</ets>, <ets>crunien</ets>, <ets>crounien</ets>, OF. 

<ets>coroner</ets>, F.  <ets>couronner</ets>, fr. L. 

<ets>coronare</ets>, fr. <ets>corona</ets> a crown. See

<er>Crown</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cover,

decorate, or invest with a crown; hence, to invest with royal

dignity and power.</def>



<q>Her who fairest does appear,

<qex>Crown</qex> her queen of all the year.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q><qex>Crown</qex> him, and say, \'bdLong live our

emperor.\'b8</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To bestow something upon as a mark of honor,

dignity, or recompense; to adorn; to dignify.</def>



<q>Thou . . . hast <qex>crowned</qex> him with glory and

honor.</q>

<qau>Ps. viii. 5.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To form the topmost or finishing part of; to

complete; to consummate; to perfect.</def>



<q>Amidst the grove that <qex>crowns</qex> yon tufted hill.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<q>One day shall <qex>crown</qex> the alliance.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>To <qex>crown</qex> the whole, came a proposition.</q>

<qau>Motley.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>To cause to round upward; to

make anything higher at the middle than at the edges, as the face

of a machine pulley.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To effect a lodgment upon, as

upon the crest of the glacis, or the summit of the breach.</def>



<cs><col>To crown a knot</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to lay the

ends of the strands over and under each other.</cd></cs>



<hw>Crowned</hw> <pr>(kround)</pr>, <pos>p. p. & a.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Having or wearing a crown; surmounted, invested,

or adorned, with a crown, wreath, garland, etc.; honored;

rewarded; completed; consummated; perfected.

\'bd<xex>Crowned</xex> with one crest.\'b8 <xex>Shak</xex>.

\'bd<xex>Crowned</xex> with conquest.\'b8

<xex>Milton</xex>.</def>



<q>With surpassing glory <qex>crowned</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Great; excessive; supreme.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Crown"er</hw> <pr>(kroun"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who, or that which, crowns.</def>



<au>Beau. & FL.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[Cf. <er>Coroner</er>.]</ety> <def>A

coroner.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. or Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Crown"et</hw> <pr>(kroun"?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Crown</er>, <er>Coronet</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A coronet.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>P. Whitehead.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The ultimate end and result of an undertaking; a

chief end.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>O this false soul of Egypt! this grave charm . . . .

Whose bosom was my <qex>crownet</qex>, my chief end.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Crown"-im*pe"ri*al</hw> <pr>(-?m-p?"r?-<it>a</it>l)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A spring-blooming plant

(<spn>Fritillaria imperialis</spn>) of the Lily family, having at

the top of the stalk a cluster of pendent bell-shaped flowers

surmounted with a tuft of green leaves.</def>



<hw>Crown"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without a crown.</def>



<hw>Crown"let</hw> <pr>(-l?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

coronet.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>Crown" of`fice</hw> <pr>(?f`f?s; 115)</pr>. <fld>(Eng.

Law)</fld> <def>The criminal branch of the Court of King's or

Queen's Bench, commonly called the <xex>crown side</xex> of the

court, which takes cognizance of all criminal cases.</def>



<au>Burrill.</au>



<hw>Crown"piece`</hw> <pr>(-p?s`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A piece or part which passes over the head, as

in a bridle.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A coin [In sense

<sd>(b)</sd> properly <xex>crown piece</xex>.] See

<er>Crown</er>, 19.</def>



<hw>Crown"-post`</hw> <pr>(kroun"p?st`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Same as <er>King-post</er>.</def>



<hw>Crown"-saw`</hw> <pr>(-s?`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

its supposed resemblance to a <ets>crown</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A saw in the form of a hollow cylinder,

with teeth on the end or edge, and operated by a rotative

motion.</def>



<note><hand/ The trephine was the first of the class of

crownsaws.</note>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Crown" side`</hw> <pr>(s?d`)</pr>. <def> See <er>Crown

office</er>.</def>



<hw>Crown" wheel`</hw> <pr>(hw?l`)</pr>.  <ety>[Named from its

resemblance to a <ets>crown</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>

<def>A wheel with cogs or teeth set at right angles to its plane;

-- called also a <altname>contrate wheel</altname> or

<altname>face wheel</altname>.</def>



<hw>Crown"work`</hw> <pr>(-w?rk`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A work consisting of two or more

bastioned fronts, with their outworks, covering an enceinte, a

bridgehead, etc., and connected by wings with the main work or

the river bank.</def>



<hw>Crow"-quill`</hw> <pr>(kr?"kw?l`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

quill of the crow, or a very fine pen made from such a

quill.</def>



<hw>Crows</hw> <pr>(kr?z)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>; <sing>sing.

<singw>Crow</singw></sing>.  <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A tribe of

Indians of the Dakota stock, living in Montana; -- also called

<altname>Upsarokas</altname>.</def>



<hw>Crow's"-foot`</hw> <pr>(kr?z"f??t`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl. <plw>Crow's-feet</plw> <pr>(-f<?/t`)</pr>.</plu>



<sn>1.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The wrinkles that appear, as

the effect of age or dissipation, under and around the outer

corners of the eyes.</def>



<au>Tennyson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A caltrop.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>crowfoot</asp>.]</altsp>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Same as

<er>Bird's-mouth</er>.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>



<hw>Crow"-silk`</hw> <pr>(kr?"s?lk`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A filamentous fresh-water alga

(<spn>Conferva rivularis</spn> of Linnaeus, <spn>Rhizoclonium

rivulare</spn> of Kutzing).</def>



<hw>Crow's-nest`</hw> <pr>(kr?z"n?st`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A box or perch near the top of a mast,

esp. in whalers, to shelter the man on the lookout.</def>



<hw>Crow"step`</hw> <pr>(kr?"st?p`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>See <er>Corriestep</er>.</def>



<hw>Crow"stone`</hw> <pr>(kr?"st?n`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The top stone of the gable end of a

house.</def>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>Crowth</hw> <pr>(krouth)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An ancient

musical instrument. See 4th <er>Crowd</er>.</def>



<hw>Crow"toe`</hw> <pr>(kr?"t?`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The <xex>Lotus

corniculatus</xex>.</def>



<au>Dr. Prior.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An unidentified plant, probably the

crowfoot.</def> \'bdThe tufted <xex>crowtoe</xex>.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Crow"-trod`den</hw> <pr>(kr?"tr?d`d'n)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Marked with crow's-feet, or wrinkles, about the eyes.</def>

<mark>[Poetic]</mark>



<q>Do I look as if I were <qex>crow-trodden</qex>?</q>

<qau>Beau. & FL.</qau>



<hw>Croyl"stone`</hw> <pr>(kroil"st?n`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Crystallized cawk, in which the crystals

are small.</def>



<hw>Croys</hw> <pr>(krois)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Cross</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Croze</hw> <pr>(kr?z)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Cross</er>, and <er>Crosier</er>.]</ety> <def>A cooper's tool

for making the grooves for the heads of casks, etc.; also, the

groove itself.</def>



<hw>Cro"zier</hw> <pr>(kr?"zh?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Crosier</er>.</def>



<hw>Cro"ziered</hw> <pr>(-zh?rd)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Crosiered.</def>



<hw>Cru"cial</hw> <pr>(kr?"sh<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[F. <ets>crucial</ets>, fr. L. <ets>crux</ets>,

<ets>crucis</ets>, cross, torture. See <er>Cross</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Having the form of a cross; appertaining to a

cross; cruciform; intersecting; <as>as, <ex>crucial</ex>

ligaments; a <ex>crucial</ex> incision.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Severe; trying or searching, as if bringing to

the cross; decisive; <as>as, a <ex>crucial</ex> test</as>.</def>



<hw>Cru"cian carp`</hw> <pr>(-sh<it>a</it>n k?rp`)</pr>.

<ety>[Cf. Sw. <ets>karussa</ets>, G. <ets>karausche</ets>, F. 

<ets>carousse</ets>, <ets>-assin</ets>, <ets>corassin</ets>, LL. 

<ets>coracinus</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/  a sort of fish.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A kind of European carp (<spn>Carasius

vulgaris</spn>), inferior to the common carp; -- called also

<altname>German carp</altname>.</def>



<note><hand/ The gibel or Prussian carp is now generally

considered a variety of the crucian carp, or perhaps a hybrid

between it and the common carp.</note>



<hw>Cru"ci*ate</hw> <pr>(kr?"sh?-?t <or/ -sh?t; 106)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>cruciatus</ets>, p. p. of

<ets>cruciare</ets> to crucify, torture, fr. <ets>crux</ets>,

<ets>crucis</ets>, a cross. See <er>Cross</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Tormented.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bale.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the leaves or petals

arranged in the form of a cross; cruciform.</def>



<hw>Cru"ci*ate</hw> <pr>(kr?"sh?-?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<def>To torture; to torment. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See

<er>Excruciate</er>.</def>



<au>Bale.</au>



<hw>Cru`ci*a"tion</hw> <pr>(kr?`sh?-?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[LL. <ets>cruciatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of torturing;

torture; torment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<hw>Cru"ci*ble</hw> <pr>(kr?"s?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[LL. <ets>crucubulum</ets> a hanging lamp, an earthen pot

for melting metals (cf. OF. <ets>croisel</ets>,

<ets>creuseul</ets>, sort of lamp, crucible, F.

<ets>creuset</ets> crucible), prob. of German origin; cf. OHG. 

<ets>kr<?/sul</ets>, LG. <ets>kr<?/sel</ets>, hanging lamp,

<ets>kroos</ets>, <ets>kruus</ets>, mug, jug, jar, D.

<ets>kroes</ets> cup, crucible, Dan.  <ets>kruus</ets>, Sw. 

<ets>krus</ets>, E.  <ets>cruse</ets>.  It was confused with

derivatives of L.  <ets>crux</ets> cross (cf. <er>Crosslet</er>),

and crucibles were said to have been marked with a cross, to

prevent the devil from marring the chemical operation. See

<er>Cruse</er>, and cf. <er>Cresset</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A vessel or melting pot, composed of some very refractory

substance, as clay, graphite, platinum, and used for melting and

calcining substances which require a strong degree of heat, as

metals, ores, etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A hollow place at the bottom of a furnace, to

receive the melted metal.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A test of the most decisive kind; a severe

trial; <as>as, the <ex>crucible</ex> of affliction</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Hessian crucible</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a cheap,

brittle, and fragile, but very refractory crucible, composed of

the finest fire clay and sand, and commonly used for a single

heating; -- named from the place of manufacture.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cru"ci*fer</hw> <pr>(-f?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Cruciferous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any plant of

the order <spn>Crucifer\'91</spn>.</def>



<hw>Cru*cif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(kr?-s?f"?r-?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>crux</ets>, <ets>crucis</ets>, cross +

<ets>-ferous</ets>: cf. F. <ets>crucif<?/re</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Bearing a cross.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or

resembling, a family of plants which have four petals arranged

like the arms of a cross, as the mustard, radish, turnip,

etc.</def>



<hw>Cru"ci*fi`er</hw> <pr>(kr?"s?-f?`?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>One who crucifies; one who subjects himself or another to a

painful trial.</def>



<hw>Cru"ci*fix</hw> <pr>(kr?"s?-f?ks)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl. <plw>Crucifixes</plw> <pr>(-<?/z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[F.

<ets>crucifix or LL</ets>. <ets>crucifixum</ets>, fr. L. 

<ets>crux</ets>, <ets>crucis</ets>, cross +  <ets>figere</ets>,

<ets>fixum</ets>, to fix. See <er>Cross</er>, and <er>Fix</er>,

and cf. Crucify.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A representation in art

of the figure of Christ upon the cross; esp., the sculptured

figure affixed to a real cross of wood, ivory, metal, or the

like, used by the Roman Catholics in their devotions.</def>



<q>The cross, too, by degrees, become the

<qex>crucifix</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milman.</qau>



<q>And kissing oft her <qex>crucifix</qex>,

Unto the block she drew.</q>

<qau>Warner.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The cross or religion of Christ.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>



<hw>Cru`ci*fix"ion</hw> <pr>(kr?`s?-f?k"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of nailing or fastening a person to a

cross, for the purpose of putting him to death; the use of the

cross as a method of capital punishment.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of one who is nailed or fastened to a

cross; death upon a cross.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Intense suffering or affliction; painful

trial.</def>



<q>Do ye prove

What <qex>crucifixions</qex> are in love?</q>

<qau>Herrick.</qau>



<hw>Cru"ci*form</hw> <pr>(kr?"s?-f?rm)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>crux</ets>, <ets>crucis</ets>, cress +

<ets>-form</ets>: cf. F.  <ets>cruciforme</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Cross-shaped; <fld>(Bot.)</fld> having four parts arranged

in the form of a cross.</def>



<hw>Cru"ci*fy</hw> <pr>(-f?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Crucified</er>

<pr>(-f?d)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.n.</pos>

<er>Crucifying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>crucifier</ets>,

fr. (assumed) LL.  <ets>crucificare</ets>, for

<ets>crucifigere</ets>, fr, L. <ets>crux</ets>,

<ets>crucis</ets>, cross + <ets>figere</ets> to fix, the ending

<ets>-figere</ets> being changed to <ets>-ficare</ets>, F.

<ets>-fier</ets> (in compounds), as if fr. L.  <ets>facere</ets>

to do, make. See <er>Cross</er>, and <er>Fix</er>, and cf.

<er>Crucifix</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To fasten to a cross;

to put to death by nailing the hands and feet to a cross or

gibbet.</def>



<q>They cried, saying, <qex>Crucify</qex> him, <qex>cricify</qex>

him.</q>

<qau>Luke xxiii. 21.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To destroy the power or ruling influence of; to

subdue completely; to mortify.</def>



<q>They that are Christ's have <qex>crucified</qex> the flesh,

with the affections and lusts.</q>

<qau>Gal. v. 24.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To vex or torment.</def>



<au>Beau. & FL.</au>



<hw>Cru*cig"er*ous</hw> <pr>(kr?-s?j"?r-?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>crux</ets>, <ets>cricis</ets>, cross +

<ets>-gerous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bearing the cross; marked with

the figure of a cross.</def>



<au>Sir. T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Crud</hw> <pr>(kr?d)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Curd</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Crud"dle</hw> <pr>(-d'l)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To

curdle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>See how thy blood <qex>cruddles</qex> at this.</q>

<qau>Bea<?/ & FL.</qau>



<hw>Crude</hw> <pr>(kr?d)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Cruder</er> <pr>(-?r)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Crudest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>crudus</ets> raw; akin to <ets>cruor</ets> blood (which

flows from a wound). See <er>Raw</er>, and cf.

<er>Cruel</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In its natural state; not

cooked or prepared by fire or heat; undressed; not altered,

refined, or prepared for use by any artificial process; raw;

<as>as, <ex>crude</ex> flesh</as>.</def> \'bdCommon

<xex>crude</xex> salt.\'b8



<au>Boyle.</au>



<q>Molding to its will each successive deposit of the

<qex>crude</qex> materials.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Unripe; not mature or perfect; immature.</def>



<q>I come to pluck your berries harsh and <qex>crude</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Not reduced to order or form;unfinished; not

arranged or prepared; ill-considered; immature.</def>

\'bd<xex>Crude</xex>projects.\'b8



<au>Macualay.</au>



<q><qex>Crude</qex>, undigested masses of suggestion, furnishing

rather raw materials for composition.</q>

<qau>De Quincey.</qau>



<q>The originals of Nature in their <qex>crude</qex>

Conception.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Undigested; unconcocted; not brought into a form

to give nourishment.</def> \'bd<xex>Crude</xex> and

inconcoct.\'b8



<au>Bacon.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Having, or displaying, superficial and

undigested knowledge; without culture or profudity; <as>as, a

<ex>crude</ex> reasoner</as>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>Harsh and offensive, as a

color; tawdry or in bad taste, as a combination of colors, or any

design or work of art.</def>



<hw>Crude"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a crude, immature

manner.</def>



<hw>Crude"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A crude, undigested, or

unprepared state; rawness; unripeness; immatureness; unfitness

for a destined use or purpose; <as>as, the <ex>crudeness</ex> of

iron ore; <ex>crudeness</ex> of theories or plans.</as></def>



<hw>Cru"di*ty</hw> <pr>(kr?"d?-t?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Crudities</plw> <pr>(-t<?/z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L.

<ets>cruditas</ets>, fr.  <ets>crudus</ets>: cf. F. 

<ets>crudit<?/</ets>. See <er>Crude</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The condition of being crude; rawness.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is in a crude or undigested state;

hence, superficial, undigested views, not reduced to order or

form.</def> \'bd<xex>Cridities</xex> in the stomach.\'b8



<au>Arbuthnot.</au>



<hw>Cru"dle</hw> <pr>(-d'l)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>See

<er>Cruddle</er>.</def>



<hw>Crud"y</hw> <pr>(kr?d"?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Crud</er>.]</ety> <def>Coagulated.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>His cruel wounds with <qex>crudy</qex> blood congealed.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Cru"dy</hw> <pr>(kr?"d?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Crude</er>.]</ety> <def>Characterized by crudeness;

raw.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The foolish and dull and <qex>crudy vapors</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Cru"el</hw> <pr>(kr?"?l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Crewel</er>.</def>



<hw>Cru"el</hw> <pr>(kr\'b5"?l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F. 

<ets>cruel</ets>, <ets>fr</ets>. <ets>L</ets>. 

<ets>crudelis</ets>, fr. <ets>crudus</ets>. See

<er>Crude</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Disposed to give pain to

others; willing or pleased to hurt, torment, or afflict;

destitute of sympathetic kindness and pity; savage; inhuman;

hard-hearted; merciless.</def>



<q>Behold a people cometh from the north country; . . . they are

<qex>cruel</qex> and have no mercy.</q>

<qau>Jer. vi. 22,23.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Causing, or fitted to cause, pain, grief, or

misery.</def>



<q><qex>Cruel</qex> wars, wasting the earth.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>Cursed be their anger, for it was fierce; and their wrath for

it was <qex>cruel</qex>.</q>

<qau>Gen. xlix. 7.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Attended with cruetly; painful; harsh.</def>



<q>You have seen <qex>cruel</qex> proof of this man's

strength.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Cru"el*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In a cruel

manner.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Extremly; very.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<au>Spectator.</au>



<hw>Cru"el*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos><def>Cruelty.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Cru"els</hw> <pr>(kr?"?lz)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[Corrupt. fr. F. <ets><?/crouelles</ets> scrofula.]</ety>

<def>Glandular scrofulous swellings in the neck.</def>



<hw>Cru"el*ty</hw> <pr>(-t?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Cruelties</plw> <pr>(-t<?/z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[OF.

<ets>cruelt<?/</ets>, F.  <ets>cruaut<?/</ets>, fr. L. 

<ets>crudelitas</ets>, fr.  <ets>crudelis</ets>. See

<er>Cruel</er>.]</ety> 



<-- p. 351 -->



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The attribute or quality of being cruel; a

disposition to give unnecessary pain or suffering to others;

inhumanity; barbarity.</def>



<q>Pierced through the heart with your stern

<qex>cruelty</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A cruel and barbarous deed; inhuman treatment;

the act of willfully causing unnecessary pain.</def>



<q><qex>Cruelties</qex> worthy of the dungeons of the

Inquisition.</q>

<q>Macualay.</q>



<hw>Cru"en*tate</hw> <pr>(kr?"?n-t?t)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L.  <ets>cruentatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>cruentare</ets> to

make bloody, fr.  <ets>cruentus</ets> bloody, fr. 

<ets>cruor</ets>. See <er>Crude</er>.]</ety> <def>Smeared with

blood.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Glanwill.</au>



<hw>Cru*en"tous</hw> <pr>(kr?-?n"t?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L.  <ets>cruentus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bloody;

cruentate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Cru"et</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Anglo-French

<ets>cruet</ets>, a dim. from OF. <ets>crue</ets>,

<ets>cruie</ets>; of German or Celtic origin, and akin to E. 

<ets>crock</ets> an earthen vessel.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

bottle or vessel; esp., aviai or small glass bottle for holding

vinegar, oil, pepper, or the like, for the table; a caster.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A vessel used to hold wine,

oil, or water for the service of the altar.</def>



<cs><col>Cruet stand</col>, <cd>a frame for holding cruets; a

caster.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cruise</hw> <pr>(kr?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Cruse</er>, a small bottle.</def>



<hw>Cruise</hw> <pr>(kr?z)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Cruised</er>

<pr>(kr?zd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Cruising</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[D.  <ets>kruisen</ets> to

move crosswise or in a zigzag, to cruise, fr. <ets>kruis</ets>

cross, fr. OF.  <ets>crois</ets>, <ets>croiz</ets>, F.

<ets>croix</ets>, or directly fr. OF.  <ets>croisier</ets>, F.

<ets>croiser</ets>, to cross, cruise, fr.  <ets>crois</ets> a

cross. See <er>Cross</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To sail back and forth on the ocean; to sail, as

for the potection of commerce, in search of an enemy, for

plunder, or for pleasure.</def>



<note><hand/ A ship cruises <xex>in</xex> any particular sea or

ocean; as, <xex>in</xex> the Baltic or <xex>in</xex> the

Atlantic. She cruises <xex>off</xex> any cape; as, <xex>off</xex>

the Lizard; <xex>off</xex> Ushant. She cruises <xex>on</xex> a

coast; as, <xex>on</xex> the coast of Africa. A priate

<xex>cruises</xex> to seize vessels; a yacht <xex>cruises</xex>

for the pleasure of the owner.</note>



<q>Ships of war were aent to <qex>cruise</qex> near the isle of

Bute.</q>

<qau>Macualay.</qau>



<q>'Mid sands, and rocks, and storms to <qex>cruise</qex> for

pleasure.</q>

<qau>Young.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To wander hither and thither on land.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Cruise</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A voyage made in various

directions, as of an armed vessel, for the protection of other

vessels, or in search of an enemy; a sailing to and fro, as for

exploration or for pleasure.</def>



<q>He feigned a compliance with some of his men, who were bent

upon going a <qex>cruise</qex> to Manilla.</q>

<qau>Dampier.</qau>



<hw>Cruis"er</hw> <pr>(kr?"z?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who,

or a vessel that, cruises; -- usually an armed vessel.</def>



<hw>Cruive</hw> <pr>(kr?v)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>  <def>A kind of

weir or dam for trapping salmon; also, a hovel.</def>

<mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Crull</hw> <pr>(kr?l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[See<er>Curl</er>.]</ety> <def>Curly; curled.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Crul"ler</hw> <pr>(kr?l"l?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Curl</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of sweet cake cut in strips and

curled or twisted, and fried crisp in boiling fat.</def>

<altsp>[Also written  <asp>kruller</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Crumb</hw> <pr>(kr?m)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>  <ety>[AS. 

<ets>cruma</ets>, akin to D. <ets>kruim</ets>, G. 

<ets>krume</ets>; cf. G.  <ets>krauen</ets> to scratch,

claw.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>crum</asp>.]</altsp>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A small fragment or piece; especially, a small

piece of bread or other food, broken or cut off.</def>



<q>Desiring to be fed with the <qex>crumbs</qex> which fell from

the rich man's table.</q>

<qau>Luke xvi. 21.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn>  <def>Fig.: A little; a bit; <as>as, a <ex>crumb</ex>

of comfort</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn>  <def>The soft part of bread.</def>



<q>Dust unto dust, what must be, must;

If you can't get <qex>crumb</qex>, you'd best eat crust.</q>

<qau>Old Song.</qau>



<cs><col>Crumb brush</col>, <cd>a brush for sweeping crumbs from

a table.</cd> -- <col>To a crum</col>, <cd>with great exactness;

completely.</cd></cs>



<hw>Crumb</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Crumbed</er> <pr>(kr?md)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &

vb.n.</pos> <er>Crumbing</er> <pr>(kr?m"?ng)</pr>.]</wordforms>

<def>To break into crumbs or small pieces with the fingers;

<as>as, to <ex>crumb</ex> bread</as>.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>crum</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Crumb"cloth`</hw> <pr>(-kl<?/th`; 115)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>A cloth to be laid under a dining table to receive falling

fragments, and keep the carpet or floor clean.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>crumcloth</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Crum"ble</hw> <pr>(kr?m"b'l)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Crumbled</er>

<pr>(-b'ld)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Crumbling</er>

<pr>(-bl?ng)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Dim. of <ets>crumb</ets>,

v. t., akin to D.  <ets>krimelen</ets> G. 

<ets>kr<?/meln</ets>.]</ety> <def>To break into small pieces; to

cause to fall in pieces.</def>



<q>He with his bare wand can unthread thy joints,

And <qex>crumble</qex> all thy sinews.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Crum"ble</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To fall into small

pieces; to break or part into small fragments; hence, to fall to

decay or ruin; to become disintegrated; to perish.</def>



<q>If the stone is brittle, it will <qex>crumble</qex> and pass

into the form of gravel.</q>

<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>



<q>The league deprived of its principal supports must soon

<qex>crumble</qex> to pieces.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<hw>Crum"bly</hw> <pr>(-bl?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>EAsily

crumbled; friable; brittle.</def> \'bdThe <xex>crumbly</xex>

soil.\'b8



<au>Hawthorne.</au>



<hw>Cru"me*nal</hw> <pr>(kr?"m?-n<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.  <ets>crumena</ets> purse.]</ety> <def>A purse.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Dr. H. More.</au>



<hw>Crum"ma*ble</hw> <pr>(kr?m"mA-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Capable of being crumbed or broken into small pieces.</def>



<hw>Crum"my</hw> <pr>(kr?m"m?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Full of crumb or crumbs.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Soft, as the crumb of bread is; not

crusty.</def>



<hw>Crump</hw> <pr>(kr?mp)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS. 

<ets>crumb</ets> stooping, bent down; akin to OHG. 

<ets>chrumb</ets>, G.  <ets>krumm</ets>, Dan.  <ets>krum</ets>,

D.  <ets>krom</ets>, and E.  <ets>cramp</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Crooked; bent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Crooked backs and <qex>crump</qex> shoulders.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hard or crusty; dry baked; <as>as, a

<ex>crump</ex> loaf</as>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>



<au>Hallivell.</au>



<hw>Crump"et</hw> <pr>(kr?mp"?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob.

from W.  <ets>crempog</ets>, <ets>crammwgth</ets>, a pancake or

fritter.]</ety> <def>A kind of large. thin muffin or cake, light

and spongy, and cooked on a griddle or spider.</def>



<hw>Crum"ple</hw> <pr>(kr?m"p'l)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp & p. p.</pos> <er>Crumpled</er>

<pr>(-p'ld)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Crumpling</er>

<pr>(-pl?ng)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Dim. fr.  <ets>crump</ets>,

<ets>a.</ets>]</ety> <def>To draw or press into wrinkles or folds

to crush together; to rumple; <as>as, to <ex>crumple</ex>

paper</as>.</def>



<q>They <qex>crumpled</qex> it into all shapes, and diligently

scanned every wrinkle that could be made.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<hw>Crum"ple</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To contract irregularly;

to show wrinkless after being crushed together; <as>as, leaves

<ex>crumple</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Crump"y</hw> <pr>(kr?mp"Y)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Brittle;

crisp.</def>



<au>Wright.</au>



<hw>Crunch</hw> <pr>(kr?nch)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Crunched</er>

<pr>(kr?ncht)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Crunching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Prob. of imitative origin;

or cf. D.  <ets>schransen</ets> to eat heartily, or E.

<ets>scrunch</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To chew with force

and noise; to craunch.</def>



<q>And their white tusks <qex>crunched</qex> o'er the whiter

skull.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To grind or press with violence and noise.</def>



<q>The ship <qex>crunched</qex> through the ice.</q>

<qau>Kane.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To emit a grinding or craunching noise.</def>



<q>The <qex>crunching</qex> and ratting of the loose stones.</q>

<qau>H. James.</qau>



<hw>Crunch</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To crush with the teeth;

to chew with a grinding noise; to craunch; <as>as, to

<ex>crunch</ex> a biscuit</as>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Crunk</hw> <pr>(kr?nk)</pr>, <hw>Crun"kle</hw>

<pr>(kr?n"k'l)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Icel. 

<ets>kr<?/nka</ets> to croak.]</ety> <def>To cry like a

crane.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdThe crane

<xex>crunketh</xex>.\'b8



<au>Withals (1608).</au>



<hw>Cru*no"dal</hw> <pr>(kr?-n?"d<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>Possessing, or characterized by, a

crunode; -- used of curves.</def>



<hw>Cru"node</hw> <pr>(kr?"n?d)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob.

fr. L.  <ets>crux</ets> a cross + E.  <ets>node</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A point where one branch of a curve

crosses another branch. See <cref>Double point</cref>, under

<er>Double</er>, <pos>a.</pos></def>



<hw>\'d8Cru"or</hw> <pr>(kr?"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

blood. See <er>Crude</er>.]</ety> <def>The coloring matter of the

blood; the clotted portion of coagulated blood, containing the

coloring matter; gore.</def>



<hw>Cru"o*rin</hw> <pr>(-?-r?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The coloring matter of the blood in

the living animal; h\'91moglobin.</def>



<hw>Crup</hw> <pr>(kr?p)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OHG. 

<ets>grop</ets>, G. <ets>grob</ets>, coarse.]</ety> <def>Short;

brittle; <as>as, <ex>crup</ex> cake</as>.</def>



<au>Todd.</au>



<hw>Crup</hw> <pr>(kr?p)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Croup</er>, the rump of a horse.</def>



<hw>Crup"per</hw> <pr>(kr?p"p?r <it>in U.S.</it>; kr?p"?r <it>in

Eng.</it>)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>croupi<?/re</ets>,

fr.  <ets>croupe</ets>.  See <er>Croup</er> the rump of a

horse.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>crouper</asp>.]</altsp>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The buttocks or rump of a horse.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A leather loop, passing under a horse's tail,

and buckled to the saddle to keep it from slipping

forwards.</def>



<hw>Crup"per</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To fit with a crupper;

to place a crupper upon; <as>as, to <ex>crupper</ex> a

horse</as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cru"ra</hw> <pr>(kr?"r?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See <er>Crus</er>.</def>



<hw>Cru"ral</hw> <pr>(-r<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. 

<ets>cruralis</ets>, fr.  <ets>crus</ets>, <ets>cruris</ets>,

leg: cf. F. <ets>crural</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of

or pertaining to the thigh or leg, or to any of the parts called

<xex>crura</xex>; <as>as, the <ex>crural</ex> arteries;

<ex>crural</ex> arch; <ex>crural</ex> canal; <ex>crural</ex>

ring</as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Crus</hw> <pr>(kr?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Crura</plw> <pr>(kr<?/"r<?/)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L., the

leg.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>That part of the

hind limb between the femur, or thigh, and the ankle, or tarsus;

the shank.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Often applied, especially in

the plural, to parts which are supposed to resemble a pair of

legs; <as>as, the <ex>crura</ex> of the diaphragm, a pair of

muscles attached to it; <ex>crura cerebri</ex>, two bundles of

nerve fibers in the base of the brain, connecting the medulla and

the forebrain.</as></def>



<hw>Cru*sade"</hw> <pr>(kr?-s?d")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>croisade</ets>, fr. Pr.  <ets>crozada</ets>, or Sp

<ets>cruzada</ets>, or It.  <ets>crociata</ets>, from a verb

signifying to take the cross, mark one's self with a cross, fr.

L.  <ets>crux</ets> cross; or possibly taken into English

directly fr. Pr. Cf. <er>Croisade</er>, <er>Crosado</er>, and see

<er>Cross</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Any one of the military

expeditions undertaken by Christian powers, in the 11th, 12th,

and 13th centuries, for the recovery of the Holy Land from the

Mohammedans.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any enterprise undertaken with zeal and

enthusiasm; <as>as, a <ex>crusade</ex> against

intemperance</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A Portuguese coin. See <er>Crusado</er>.</def>



<hw>Cru*sade"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Crusaded</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Crusading</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To engage in a crusade; to

attack in a zealous or hot-headed manner.</def> \'bdCease

<xex>crusading</xex> against sense.\'b8



<au>M. Green.</au>



<hw>Cru*sad"er</hw> <pr>(-s?"d?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

engaged in a crusade; <as>as, the <ex>crusaders</ex> of the

Middle Ages</as>.</def>



<q>Azure-eyed and golden-haired,

Forth the young <qex>crusaders</qex> fared.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<hw>Cru*sad"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a

crusade; <as>as, a <ex>crusading</ex> spirit</as>.</def>



<hw>Cru*sa"do</hw> <pr>(-s?"d?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pg. 

<ets>cruzado</ets>, fr. <ets>cruz</ets>, fr. L.  <ets>crux</ets>.

See <er>Crusade</er>, 3.]</ety> <def>An old Portuguese coin,

worth about seventy cents.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>cruade</asp>.]</altsp>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Cruse</hw> <pr>(kr?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Akin to LG. 

<ets>kruus</ets>, <ets>kroos</ets>, mug, jug, jar, D. 

<ets>kroes</ets>, G.  <ets>krause</ets>, Icel.  <ets>krus</ets>,

Sw.  <ets>krus</ets>, Dan.  <ets>kruus</ets>. Cf.

<er>Crucible</er>, <er>Cresset</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

cup or dish.</def>



<q>Take with thee . . . a <qex>cruse</qex> of honey.</q>

<qau>1 Kings xiv. 3.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A bottle for holding water, oil, honey,

etc.</def>



<q>So David took . . . the <qex>cruse</qex> of water.</q>

<qau>1 Sam. xxvi. 12.</qau>



<hw>Cru"set</hw> <pr>(kr?"s?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. 

<ets>creuset</ets>. See <er>Cruse</er>, <er>Crucible</er>.]</ety>

<def>A goldsmith's crucible or melting pot.</def>



<hw>Crush</hw> <pr>(kr?sh)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Crushed</er>

<pr>(kr?sht)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Crushing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.  <ets>cruschen</ets>,

<ets>crousshen</ets>, Of.  <ets>cruisir</ets>,

<ets>croissir</ets>, fr. LL.  <ets>cruscire</ets>, prob. of Ger.

origin, from a derivative of the word seen in Goth. 

<ets>kruistan</ets> to gnash; akin to Sw.  <ets>krysta</ets> to

squeeze, Dan.  <ets>kryste</ets>, Icel.

<ets>kreysta</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To press or bruise

between two hard bodies; to squeeze, so as to destroy the natural

shape or integrity of the parts, or to force together into a

mass; <as>as, to <ex>crush</ex> grapes</as>.</def>



<q>Ye shall not offer unto the Lord that which is bruised, or

<qex>crushed</qex>, or broken, or cut.</q>

<qau>Lev. xxii. 24.</qau>



<q>The ass . . . thrust herself unto the wall, and

<qex>crushed</qex> Balaam's foot against the wall.</q>

<qau>Num. xxii. 25.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To reduce to fine particles by pounding or

grinding; to comminute; <as>as, to <ex>crush</ex>

quartz</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To overwhelm by pressure or weight; to beat or

force down, as by an incumbent weight.</def>



<q>To <qex>crush</qex> the pillars which the pile sustain.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>Truth, <qex>crushed</qex> to earth, shall rise again.</q>

<qau>Bryant.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To oppress or burden grievously.</def>



<q>Thou shalt be only oppressed and <qex>crushed</qex> alway.</q>

<qau>Deut. xxviii. 33.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To overcome completely; to subdue totally.</def>



<q>Speedily overtaking and <qex>crushing</qex> the rebels.</q>

<qau>Sir. W. Scott.</qau>



<cs><col>To crush a cup</col>, <cd>to drink.</cd>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <col>To crush out</col>. <sd>(a)</sd>

<cd>To force out or separate by pressure, as juice from

grapes.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To overcome or destroy completely;

to suppress.</cd></cs>



<hw>Crush</hw> <pr>(kr?sh)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To be or

become broken down or in, or pressed into a smaller compass, by

external weight or force; <as>as, an eggshell <ex>crushes</ex>

easily</as>.</def>



<hw>Crush</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A violent

collision or compression; a crash; destruction; ruin.</def>



<q>The wreck of matter, and the <qex>crush</qex> of worlds.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Violent pressure, as of a crowd; a crowd which

produced uncomfortable pressure; <as>as, a <ex>crush</ex> at a

peception</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Crush hat</col>, <cd>a hat which collapses, and can be

carried under the arm, and when expanded is held in shape by

springs; hence, any hat not injured by compressing.</cd> --

<col>Crush room</col>, <cd>a large room in a theater, opera

house, etc., where the audience may promenade or converse during

the intermissions; a foyer.</cd></cs>



<q>Politics leave very little time for the bow window at White's

in the day, or for the <qex>crush room</qex> of the opera at

night.</q>

<qau>Macualay.</qau>



<hw>Crush"er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, crushes.</def>



<cs><col>Crusher gauge</col>, <cd>an instrument for measuring the

explosive force of gunpowder, etc., by its effect in compressing

a piece of metal.</cd></cs>



<hw>Crush"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That crushes;

overwhelming.</def> \'bdThe blow must be quick and

<xex>crushing</xex>.\'b8



<au>Macualay.</au>



<hw>Crust</hw> <pr>(kr?st)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. 

<ets>crusta</ets>: cf. OF.  <ets>crouste</ets>, F.

<ets>cro<?/te</ets>; prob. akin to Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ ice, E. 

<ets>crystal</ets>, from the same root as E.  <ets>crude</ets>,

<ets>raw</ets>. See <er>Raw</er>, and cf.

<er>Custard</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The hard external coat

or covering of anything; the hard exterior surface or outer

shell; an incrustation; <as>as, a <ex>crust</ex> of

snow</as>.</def>



<q>I have known the statute of an emperor quite hid under a

<qex>crust</qex> of dross.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<q>Below this icy <qex>crust</qex> of conformity, the waters of

infidelity lay dark and deep as ever.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The hard

exterior or surface of bread, in distinction from the soft part

or crumb; or a piece of bread grown dry or hard.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The cover or case of a pie, in distinction from

the soft contents.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The dough, or mass of

doughy paste, cooked with a potpie; -- also called

<altname>dumpling</altname>.</def>



<q>Th' impenetrable <qex>crust</qex> thy teeth defies.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>He that keeps nor <qex>crust</qex> nor crumb.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>They . . . made the <qex>crust</qex> for the venison

pasty.</q>

<qau>Macualay.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The exterior portion of the

earth, formerly universally supposed to inclose a molten

interior.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The shell of crabs,

lobsters, etc.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A hard mass, made up of dried

secretions blood, or pus, occurring upon the surface of the

body.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>An incrustation on the interior of wine bottles,

the result of the ripening of the wine; a deposit of tartar, etc.

See <er>Beeswing</er>.</def>



<hw>Crust</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. &

p.p.</pos> <er>Crusted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Crusting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. OF. 

<ets>crouster</ets>, L.  <ets>crustare</ets>. See <er>Crust</er>,

<pos>n.</pos> ]</ety> <def>To cover with a crust; to cover or

line with an incrustation; to incrust.</def>



<q>The whole body is <qex>crusted</qex> over with ice.</q>

<qau>Boyle.</qau>



<q>And now their legs, and breast, and bodies stood

<qex>Crusted</qex> with bark.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<q>Very foul and <qex>crusted</qex> bottles.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<q>Their minds are <qex>crusted</qex> over, like diamonds in the

rock.</q>

<qau>Felton.</qau>



<hw>Crust</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To gather or contract into

a hard crust; to become incrusted.</def>



<q>The place that was burnt . . . <qex>crusted</qex> and

healed.</q>

<qau>Temple.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Crus"ta</hw> <pr>(kr?s"t?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

shell, crust, inlaid work.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A crust or shell.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A gem engraved, or a plate embossed in low

relief, for inlaying a vase or other object.</def>



<hw>\'d8Crus*ta"ce*a</hw> <pr>(kr?s-t?"sh?-?)</pr>, <pos>n.

pl.</pos> <ety>[Neut. pl. of NL.  <ets>crustaceus</ets> pert. to

the crust or shell, from L. <ets>crusta</ets> the hard surfsce of

a body, rind, shell.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the

classes of the arthropods, including lobsters and crabs; -- so

called from the crustlike shell with which they are

covered.</def>



<note><hand/ The body usually consists of an anterior part, made

up of the head and thorax combined, called the

<xex>cephalothorax</xex>, and of a posterior jointed part called

the <xex>abdomen</xex>, <xex>postabdomen</xex>, and (improperly)

<xex>tail</xex>. They breathe by means of gills variously

attached to some of the limbs or to the sides the body, according

to the group. They are divisible into two subclasses,

Entomostraca and Malacostraca, each of which includes several

orders.</note>



<hw>Crus*ta"cean</hw> <pr>(kr?s-t?"sh<it>a</it>n; 97)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the

Crustacea; crustaceous.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>An

animal belonging to the class <spn>Crustacea</spn>.</def></def2>



<hw>Crus*ta`ce*o*log"ic*al</hw>

<pr>(-sh?-?-l?j"?-k<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to crustaceology.</def>



<hw>Crus*ta`ce*ol"o*gist</hw> <pr>(-?ll"?-j?st)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <def>One versed in crustaceology; a

crustalogist.</def>



<hw>Crus*ta`ce*ol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(-j?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Crustacea</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>That

branch of Zo\'94logy which treats of the Crustacea;

malacostracology; carcinology.</def>



<hw>Crus*ta"ceous</hw> <pr>(kr?s-t?"sh?s; 97)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[NL. <ets>crustaceous</ets>. See <er>crustacea</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Pertaining to, or of the nature of, crust or

shell; having a crustlike shell.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the

Crustacea; crustacean.</def>



<hw>Crus*ta"ceous*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or

quality of being crustaceous or having a crustlike shell.</def>



<hw>Crust"al</hw> <pr>(kr?st"<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Relating to a crust.</def>



<hw>Crus`ta*log"ic*al</hw> <pr>(kr?s`t?-l?j"?-k<it>a</it>l)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to crustalogy.</def>



<hw>Crus*tal"o*gist</hw> <pr>(-t<?/l"<?/-j<?/st)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <def>One versed in crustalogy.</def>



<-- p. 352 -->



<hw>Crus*tal"o*gy</hw> <pr>(kr?s-t?l"?-j?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.  <ets>crusta</ets> shell + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Crustaceology.</def>



<hw>Crus"ta*ted</hw> <pr>(kr?s"t?-t?d)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L.  <ets>crustatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>crustare</ets>, fr. 

<ets>crusta</ets>. See <er>Crust</er>.]</ety> <def>Covered with a

crust; <as>as, <ex>crustated</ex> basalt</as>.</def>



<hw>Crus*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(kr?s-t?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>An adherent crust; an incrustation.</def>



<au>Pepys.</au>



<hw>Crust"ed</hw> <pr>(kr?st"?d)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Incrusted; covered with, or containing, crust; <as>as, old,

<ex>crusted</ex> port wine</as>.</def>



<hw>Crus*tif`ic</hw> <pr>(kr?s-t?f"?k)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L.  <ets>crusta</ets> crust + <ets>-facere</ets> to

make.]</ety> <def>Producing or forming a crust or skin.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Crust"i*ly</hw> <pr>(kr?st"?-l\'b5)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>In a crusty or surly manner; morosely.</def>



<hw>Crust"i*ness</hw> <pr>(-?-n?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The state or quality of having crust or being

like crust; hardness.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The quality of being crusty or surly.</def>



<q>Old Christy forgot his usual <qex>crustiness</qex>.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<hw>Crust"y</hw> <pr>(-?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Having the nature of crust; pertaining to a hard covering;

<as>as, a <ex>crusty</ex> coat; a <ex>crusty</ex> surface or

substance.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[Possibly a corruption of <ets>cursty</ets>. Cf.

<er>Curst</er>, <er>Curstness</er>.]</ety> <def>Having a hard

exterior, or a short, rough manner, though kind at heart;

snappish; peevish; surly.</def>



<q>Thou <qex>crusty</qex> batch of nature, what's the news?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Crut</hw> <pr>(kr?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>cro<?/te</ets> crust.]</ety> <def>The rough, shaggy part of

oak bark.</def>



<hw>Crutch</hw> <pr>(kr?ch; 224)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Crutches</plw> <pr>(-<?/z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[OE.

<ets>cruche</ets>, AS. <ets>crycc</ets>, <ets>cricc</ets>; akin

to D.  <ets>kruk</ets>, G.  <ets>kr<?/cke</ets>, Dan.

<ets>krykke</ets>, Sw.  <ets>krycka</ets>, and to E.

<ets>crook</ets>. See <er>Crook</er>, and cf.  <er>Cricket</er> a

low stool.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A staff with a crosspiece at

the head, to be placed under the arm or shoulder, to support the

lame or infirm in walking.</def>



<q>I'll lean upon one <qex>crutch</qex>, and fight with the

other.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Rhyme is a <qex>crutch</qex> that lifts the weak alone.</q>

<qau>H. Smith.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A form of pommel for a woman's saddle,

consisting of a forked rest to hold the leg of the rider.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A knee, or piece

of knee timber</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A forked stanchion or

post; a crotch. See <er>Crotch</er>.</def>



<hw>Crutch</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To support on crutches; to

prop up.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Two fools that <qex>crutch</qex> their feeble sense on

verse.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Crutched</hw> <pr>(kr?cht)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Supported upon crutches.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[See <er>Crouch</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, and

<er>Crouched</er>, <pos>a.</pos> ]</ety> <def>Marked with the

sign of the cross; crouched.</def>



<cs><col>Crutched friar</col> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld>, <cd>one of a

religious order, so called because its members bore the sign of

the cross on their staves and habits; -- called also

<altname>crossed friar</altname> and <altname>crouched

friar</altname>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cruth</hw> <pr>(kr?th)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[W. 

<ets>crwth</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>See 4th

<er>Crowd</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Crux</hw> <pr>(kr?ks)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E. 

<plw>Cruxes</plw> <pr>(-<?/z)</pr>, L.  <plw>Cruces</plw>

<pr>(kr<?/"s<?/z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L., cross, torture,

trouble.]</ety> <def>Anything that is very puzzling or difficult

to explain.</def>



<au>Dr. Sheridan.</au>



<q>The perpetual <qex>crux</qex> of New Testament

chronologists.</q>

<qau>Strauss.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Cru*za"do</hw> <pr>(kr?-z?"d?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

coin. See <er>Crusado</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Crwth</hw> <pr>(kr??th)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[W.]</ety> <fld>(Mus)</fld> <def>See 4th

<er>Crowd</er>.</def>



<hw>Cry</hw> <pr>(kr?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Cried</er>

<pr>(kr?d)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Crying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>crier</ets>, cf. L. 

<ets>quiritare</ets> to raise a plaintive cry, scream, shriek,

perh. fr.  <ets>queri</ets> to complain; cf. Skr. <ets>cvas</ets>

to pant, hiss, sigh. Cf. <er>Quarrel</er> a brawl,

<er>Querulous</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make a loud call

or cry; to call or exclaim vehemently or earnestly; to shout; to

vociferate; to proclaim; to pray; to implore.</def>



<q>And about the ninth hour, Jesus <qex>cried</qex> with a loud

voice.</q>

<qau> Matt. xxvii. 46.</qau>



<q>Clapping their hands, and <qex>crying</qex> with loud

voice.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Hear the voice of my supplications when I <qex>cry</qex> unto

thee.</q>

<qau> Ps. xxviii. 2.</qau>



<q>The voice of him that <qex>crieth</qex> in the wilderness,

Prepare ye the way of the Lord.</q>

<qau>Is. xl. 3.</qau>



<q>Some <qex>cried</qex> after him to return.</q>

<qau>Bunyan.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To utter lamentations; to lament audibly; to

express pain, grief, or distress, by weeping and sobbing; to shed

tears; to bawl, as a child.</def>



<q>Ye shall <qex>cry</qex> for sorrow of heart.</q>

<qau>Is. lxv. 14.</qau>



<q>I could find it in my heart to disgrace my man's apparel and

to <qex>cry</qex> like a woman.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To utter inarticulate sounds, as animals.</def>



<q>The young ravens which <qex>cry</qex>.</q>

<qau>Ps. cxlvii. 9.</qau>



<q>In a cowslip's bell I lie

There I couch when owls do <qex>cry</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><mcol><col>To cry on</col> <or/ <col>upon</col></mcol>,

<cd>to call upon the name of; to beseech.\'bdNo longer

<xex>on</xex> Saint Denis will we <xex>cry</xex>.\'b8

<au>Shak</au>.</cd> -- <col>To cry out</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To

exclaim; to vociferate; to scream; to clamor.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd>

<cd>To complain loudly; to lament.</cd> -- <col>To cry out

against</col>, <cd>to complain loudly of; to censure; to

blame.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To cry out on</col> <or/

<col>upon</col></mcol>, <cd>to denounce; to censure.

\'bd<xex>Cries out upon</xex> abuses.\'b8 <au>Shak</au>.</cd> --

<col>To cry to</col>, <cd>to call on in prayer; to implore.</cd>

-- <col>To cry you mercy</col>, <cd>to beg your pardon. \'bdI

<xex>cry you mercy</xex>, madam; was it you?\'b8

<au>Shak</au>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cry</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To utter loudly;

to call out; to shout; to sound abroad; to declare

publicly.</def>



<q>All, all, <qex>cry</qex> shame against ye, yet I 'll

speak.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>The man . . . ran on,<qex>crying</qex>, Life! life! Eternal

life!</q>

<qau>Bunyan.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cause to do something, or bring to some

state, by crying or weeping; <as>as, to <ex>cry</ex> one's self

to sleep</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To make oral and public proclamation of; to

declare publicly; to notify or advertise by outcry, especially

things lost or found, goods to be sold, ets.; <as>as, to

<ex>cry</ex> goods, etc.</as></def>



<q>Love is lost, and thus she <qex>cries</qex> him.</q>

<qau>Crashaw.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Hence, to publish the banns of, as for

marriage.</def>



<q>I should not be surprised if they were <qex>cried</qex> in

church next Sabbath.</q>

<qau>Judd.</qau>



<cs><col>To cry aim</col>. <cd>See under <er>Aim</er>.</cd> --

<col>To cry down</col>, <cd>to decry; to depreciate; to

dispraise; to condemn.</cd>



<q>Men of dissolute lives <qex>cry down</qex> religion, because

they would not be under the restraints of it.</q>

<qau>Tillotson.</qau>



 -- <col>To cry out</col>, <cd>to proclaim; to shout.\'bdYour

gesture <xex>cries</xex> it <xex>out</xex>.\'b8

<au>Shak</au>.</cd> -- <col>To cry quits</col>, <cd>to propose,

or declare, the abandonment of a contest.</cd> -- <col>To cry

up</col>, <cd>to enhance the value or reputation of by public and

noisy praise; to extol; to laud publicly or urgently.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cry</hw> <pr>(kr?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Cries</plw> <pr>(kr<?/z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[F. 

<ets>cri</ets>, fr. <ets>crier</ets> to cry. See <er>Cry</er>,

<pos>v. i.</pos> ]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A loud utterance;

especially, the inarticulate sound produced by one of the lower

animals; <as>as, the <ex>cry</ex> of hounds; the <xex>cry</xex>

of wolves.</as></def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Outcry; clamor; tumult; popular demand.</def>



<q>Again that <qex>cry</qex> was found to have been as

unreasonable as ever.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Any expression of grief, distress, etc.,

accompanied with tears or sobs; a loud sound, uttered in

lamentation.</def>



<q>There shall be a great <qex>cry</qex> throughout all the

land.</q>

<qau>Ex. xi. 6.</qau>



<q>An infant crying in the night,

An infant crying for the light;

And with no language but a <qex>cry</qex>.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Loud expression of triumph or wonder or of

popular acclamation or favor.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<q>The <qex>cry</qex> went once on thee.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Importunate supplication.</def>



<q>O, the most piteous <qex>cry</qex> of the poor souls.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Public advertisement by outcry; proclamation, as

by hawkers of their wares.</def>



<q>The street <qex>cries</qex> of London.</q>

<qau>Mayhew.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Common report; fame.</def>



<q>The <qex>cry</qex> goes that you shall marry her.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>A word or phrase caught up by a party or faction

and repeated for effect; <as>as, the party <ex>cry</ex> of the

Tories</as>.</def>



<q>All now depends upon a good <qex>cry</qex>.</q>

<qau>Beaconsfield.</qau>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>A pack of hounds.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<q>A <qex>cry</qex> more tunable

Was never hollaed to, nor cheered with horn.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>10.</sn> <def>A pack or company of persons; -- in

contempt.</def>



<q>Would not this . . . get me a fellowship in a <qex>cry</qex>

of players?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>11.</sn> <def>The cracklling noise made by block tin when it

is bent back and forth.</def>



<cs><col>A far cry</col>, <cd>a long distance; -- in allusion to

the sending of criers or messengers through the territory of a

Scottish clan with an announcement or summons.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cry"al</hw> <pr>(kr?"<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. W.  <ets>creyr</ets>, <ets>cryr</ets>,

<ets>crychydd</ets>. Cf. <er>Cruer</er> a hawk.]</ety> <def>The

heron</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Ainsworth.</au>



<hw>Cry"er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. faucon

<ets>gruyer</ets> a falcon trained to fly at the crane, fr.

<ets>crye</ets> crane, fr. L. <ets>crus</ets> crane. Cf.

<er>Cryal</er>.]</ety> <def>The female of the hawk; a

falcon-gentil.</def>



<hw>Cry"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Calling for notice;

compelling attention; notorious; heinous; <as>as, a

<ex>crying</ex> evil</as>.</def>



<q>Too much fondness for meditative retirement is not the

<qex>crying</qex> sin of our modern Christianity.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<hw>Cry`o*hy"drate</hw> <pr>(kr?`?-h?"dr?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/ cold + E.  <ets>hydrate</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance, as salt, ammonium chloride,

etc., which crystallizes with water of crystallization only at

low temperatures, or below the freezing point of water.</def>



<au> F. Guthrie.</au>



<hw>Cry"o*lite</hw> <pr>(kr?"?-l?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/<?/<?/<?/ icy cold, frost + <ets>-lite</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>cryolithe</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A fluoride of

sodium and aluminum, found in Greenland, in white cleavable

masses; -- used as a source of soda and alumina.</def>



<hw>Cry*oph"o*rus</hw> <pr>(kr?-?f"?-r?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/ icy cold, frost + <?/<?/<?/ to

bear.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An instrument used to

illustrate the freezing of water by its own evaporation. The

ordinary form consist of two glass bulbs, connected by a tube of

the same material, and containing only a quantity of water and

its vapor, devoid of air. The water is in one of the bulbs, and

freezes when the other is cooled below 32<deg/ Fahr.</def>



<hw>Crypt</hw> <pr>(kr?pt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. 

<ets>crypta</ets> vault, crypt, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/, fr.

<?/<?/<?/<?/ to hide. See <er>Crot</er>, <er>Crotto</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A vault wholly or partly under ground;

especially, a vault under a church, whether used for burial

purposes or for a subterranean chapel or oratory.</def>



<q>Priesthood works out its task age after age, . . . treasuring

in convents and <qex>crypts</qex> the few fossils of antique

learning.</q>

<qau>Motley.</qau>



<q>My knees are bowed in <qex>crypt</qex> and shrine.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A simple gland, glandular

cavity, or tube; a follicle; <as>as, the <ex>cryps</ex> of

Lieberk<?/hn, the simple tubular glands of the small

intestines</as>.</def>



<hw>Crypt"al</hw> <pr>(-<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to crypts.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cryp"tic</hw> <pr>(kr?p"t?k)</pr>,

<hw>Cryp"tic*al</hw> <pr>(-t?-k<it>a</it>l)</pr>, }</mhw>

<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.  <ets>crypticus</ets>, Gr.<?/<?/<?/<?/,

fr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ to hide.]</ety> <def>Hidden; secret;

occult.</def> \'bdHer [nature's] more <xex>cryptic</xex> ways of

working.\'b8



<au>Glanvill.</au>



<hw>Cryp"tic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Secretly;

occultly.</def>



<hw>Cryp"ti*dine</hw> <pr>(kr?p"t?-d?n; 104)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <grk>krypto`s</grk> hidden.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>One of the quinoline bases, obtained from coal tar as an

oily liquid, <chform>C11H11N</chform>; also, any one of several

substances metameric with, and resembling, cryptidine

proper.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cryp`to*bran`chi*a"ta</hw>

<pr>(kr?p`t?-br<it>a</it>?`k?-?"t?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>krypto`s</grk> hidden + L.

<ets>branchia</ets> a gill.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A division of the Amphibia; the

Derotremata.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A group of nudibranch

mollusks.</def>



<hw>Cryp`to*bran"chi*ate</hw> <pr>(-br??"k?-?t)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having concealed or

rudimentary gills.</def>



<hw>Cryp`to*crys"tal*line</hw> <pr>(-kr?s"t<it>a</it>l-l?n)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <grk>krypto`s</grk> hidden + E.

<ets>crystalline</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>

<def>Indistinctly crystalline; -- applied to rocks and minerals,

whose state of aggregation is so fine that no distinct particles

are visible, even under the microscope.</def>



<hw>Cryp"to*gam</hw> <pr>(kr?p"t?-g?m)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F.  <ets>cryptogame</ets>. See

<er>Cryptogamia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant

belonging to the Cryptogamia.</def>



<au>Henslow.</au>



<hw>\'d8Cryp`to*ga"mi*a</hw> <pr>(kr?p`t?-g?"m?-?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cryptogami\'91</plw>

<pr>(-<?/)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>krypto`s</grk>

hidden, secret + <grk>ga`mos</grk> marriage.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The series or division of flowerless

plants, or those never having true stamens and pistils, but

propagated by spores of various kinds.</def>



<note><hand/ The subdivisions have been variously arranged. The

following arrangement recognizes four classes: --



I. <stype><er>Pteridophyta</er>, or <er>Vascular

Acrogens</er>.</stype> These include <xex>Ferns</xex>,

<spn>Equiseta</spn> or Scouring rushes,

<spn>Lycopodiace\'91</spn> or Club mosses,

<spn>Selaginelle\'91</spn>, and several other smaller orders.

Here belonged also the extinct coal plants called

<spn>Lepidodendron</spn>, <spn>Sigillaria</spn>, and

<spn>Calamites</spn>.



II. <stype><er>Bryophita</er>, or <er>Cellular

Acrogens</er></stype>. These include <spn>Musci</spn>, or Mosses,

<spn>Hepatic\'91</spn>, or Scale mosses and Liverworts, and

possibly <spn>Charace\'91</spn>, the Stoneworts.



III. <stype><er>Alg\'91</er></stype>, which are divided into

<er>Floride\'91</er>, the Red Seaweeds, and the orders

<spn>Dictyote\'91</spn>, <spn>O\'94spore\'91</spn>,

<spn>Zo\'94spore\'91</spn>, <spn>Conjugat\'91</spn>,

<spn>Diatomace\'91</spn>, and <spn>Cryptophyce\'91</spn>.



IV. <stype><er>Fungi</er></stype>.  The molds, mildews,

mushrooms, puffballs, etc., which are variously grouped into

several subclasses and many orders. The <spn>Lichenes</spn> or

Lichens are now considered to be of a mixed nature, each plant

partly a Fungus and partly an Alga.</note>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cryp`to*ga"mi*an</hw> <pr>(kr?p`t?-g?"m?-a]/>n)</pr>,

<hw>Cryp`to*gam"ic</hw> <pr>(kr?p`t?-g?m"?k)</pr>,

<hw>Cryp*to"gam*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr> }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Of or pertaining to the series Cryptogamia, or to plants of

that series.</def>



<hw>Cryp*tog"a*mist</hw> <pr>(-m?st)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

skilled in cryptogamic botany.</def>



<hw>Cryp"to*gram</hw> <pr>(kr?p"t?-gr?m)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>A cipher writing. Same as <er>Cryptograph</er>.</def>



<hw>Cryp"to*graph</hw> <pr>(-gr?f)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<grk>krypto`s</grk> hidden + <ets>-graph</ets>: cf. F. 

<ets>cryptographe</ets>.]</ety> <def>Cipher; something written in

cipher.</def> \'bdDecipherers of <xex>cryptograph.\'b8



<au>J. Earle.</au>



<hw>Cryp*tog"ra*phal</hw> <pr>(kr?p-t?g"r?-f<it>a</it>l)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to cryptography;

cryptographical.</def>



<au>Boyle.</au>



<hw>Cryp*tog"ra*pher</hw> <pr>(kr?p-t?g"r?-f?r)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <def>One who writes in cipher, or secret

characters.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cryp`to*graph"ic</hw> <pr>(kr?p`t?-gr?f"?k)</pr>,

<hw>Cryp`to*graph"ic*al</hw>

<pr>(kr?p`t?-gr?f"?-k<it>a</it>l)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Relating to cryptography; written in secret characters or in

cipher, or with sympathetic ink.</def>



<hw>Cryp*tog"ra*phist</hw> <pr>(kr?p-t?g"r?-f?st)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as <er>Cryptographer</er>.</def>



<hw>Cryp*tog"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(-f?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F.  <ets>cryptographie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or art of

writing in secret characters; also, secret characters, or

cipher.</def>



<hw>Cryp*tol"o*gu</hw> <pr>(kr?p-t?l"?-j?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <grk>krypto`s</grk> hidden + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Secret or enigmatical language.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Cryp"to*nym</hw> <pr>(kr?p"t?-n?m)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ secret + <?/<?/<?/<?/ name.]</ety> <def>A

secret name; a name by which a person is known only to the

initiated.</def>



<hw>Cryp"to*pine</hw> <pr>(kr?p"t?-p?n; 104)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <grk>krypto`s</grk> hidden + E.

<ets>op</ets>ium.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless

crystalline alkaloid obtained in small quantities from

opium.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cryp*tu"ri</hw> <pr>(kr?p-t?"r?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ hidden + <?/<?/<?/ tail.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of flying, drom<?/ognathous

birds, including the tinamous of South America. See

<er>Tinamou</er>.</def>



<hw>Crys"tal</hw> <pr>(kr?s"t<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[OE. <ets>cristal</ets>, F.  <ets>cristal</ets>, L. 

<ets>crystallum</ets> crystal, ice, fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/, fr.

<?/<?/<?/<?/ icy cold, frost; cf. AS. <ets>crystalla</ets>, fr.

L.  <ets>crystallum</ets>; prob. akin to E.  <ets>crust</ets>. 

See <er>Crust</er>, <er>Raw</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Chem.

& Min.)</fld> <def>The regular form which a substance tends to

assume in solidifying, through the inherent power of cohesive

attraction. It is bounded by plane surfaces, symmetrically

arranged, and each species of crystal has fixed axial ratios. See

<er>Crystallization</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The material of quartz, in crystallization

transparent or nearly so, and either colorless or slightly tinged

with gray, or the like; -- called also <altname>rock

crystal</altname>. Ornamental vessels are made of it. Cf.

<er>Smoky quartz</er>, <er>Pebble</er>; also <cref>Brazilian

pebble</cref>, under <er>Brazilian</er>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A species of glass, more perfect in its

composition and manufacture than common glass, and often cut into

ornamental forms. See <er>Flint glass</er>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The glass over the dial of a watch case.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Anything resembling crystal, as clear water,

etc.</def>



<q>The blue <qex>crystal</qex> of the seas.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<cs><col>Blood crystal</col>. <cd>See under <er>Blood</er>.</cd>

-- <col>Compound crystal</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Compound</er>.</cd> -- <col>Iceland crystal</col>, <cd>a

transparent variety of calcite, or crystallized calcium

carbonate, brought from Iceland, and used in certain optical

instruments, as the polariscope.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Rock

crystal</col>, <or/  <col>Mountain crystal</col></mcol>, <cd>any

transparent crystal of quartz, particularly of limpid or

colorless quartz.</cd></cs>



<hw>Crys"tal</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Consisting of, or like,

crystal; clear; transparent; lucid; pellucid; crystalline.</def>



<q>Through <qex>crystal</qex> walls each little mote will

peep.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>By <qex>crystal</qex> streams that murmur through the

meads.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>The <qex>crystal</qex> pellets at the touch congeal,

And from the ground rebounds the ratting hail.</q>

<qau>H. Brooks.</qau>



<hw>Crys"tal*lin</hw> <pr>(-l?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Gobulin</er>.</def>



<hw>Crys"tal*line</hw> <pr>(kr?s"t<it>a</it>l-l?n <or/ -l?n;

277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>crystallinus</ets>, from

Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/: cf. F.  <ets>cristallin</ets>. See

<er>Crystal</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Consisting, or made, of

crystal.</def>



<q>Mount, eagle, to my palace <qex>crystalline</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Formed by crystallization; like crystal in

texture.</def>



<q>Their <qex>crystalline</qex> structure.</q>

<qau>Whewell.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Imperfectly crystallized; <as>as, granite is

only <ex>crystalline</ex>, while quartz crystal is perfectlly

crystallized</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Fig.: Resembling crystal; pure; transparent;

pellucid.</def> \'bdThe <xex>crystalline</xex> sky.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<cs><mcol><col>Crystalline heavens</col>, <or/ <col>Crystalline

spheres</col></mcol>, <cd>in the Ptolemaic system of astronomy,

two transparent spheres imagined to exist between the region of

the fixed stars and the <xex>primum mobile</xex> (or outer circle

of the heavens, which by its motion was supposed to carry round

all those within it), in order to explain certain movements of

the heavently bodies.</cd> -- <col>Crystalline lens</col>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the capsular lenslike body in the eye,

serving to focus the rays of light. It consists of rodlike cells

derived from the external embryonic epithelium.</cd></cs>



<hw>Crys"tal*line</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

crystalline substance.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>See <er>Aniline</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Crys"tal*lite</hw> <pr>(kr?s"t<it>a</it>l-l?t)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Crystal</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A minute mineral form like those common in

glassy volcanic rocks and some slags, not having a definite

crystalline outline and not referable to any mineral species, but

marking the first step in the crystallization process. According

to their form crystallites are called <stype>trichites</stype>,

<stype>belonites</stype>, <stype>globulites</stype>, etc.</def>



<-- p. 353 -->



<hw>Crys"tal*li`za*ble</hw>

<pr>(kr?s"t<it>a</it>l-l?`z?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Capable of being crystallized; that may be formed into

crystals.</def>



<hw>Crys`tal*li*za"tion</hw>

<pr>(kr?s`t<it>a</it>l-l?-z?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>cristallization</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Chem. &

Min.)</fld> <def>The act or process by which a substance in

solidifying assumes the form and sructure of a crystal, or

becomes crystallized.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The body formed by crystallizing; <as>as, silver

on precipitation forms arborescent

<ex>crystallizations</ex></as>.</def>



<note><hand/ The systems of crystallization are the several

classes to which the forms are mathematically referable. They are

most simply described according to the relative lengths and

inclinations of certain assumed lines called axes; but the real

distinction is the degree of symmetry characterizing them.

<stype>1.</stype> <stype>The Isometric, <or/ Monometric,

system</stype> has the axes all equal, as in the cube,

octahedron, etc. <stype>2.</stype> <stype>The Tetragonal, <or/

Dimetric, system</stype> has a varying vertical axis, while the

lateral are equal, as in the right square prism.

<stype>3.</stype> <stype>The Orthorhombic, <or/ Trimetric,

system</stype> has the three axes unequal, as in the rectangular

and rhombic prism. In this system, the lateral axes are called,

respectively, <xex>macrodiagonal</xex> and

<xex>brachydiagonal</xex>. -- The preceding are erect forms, the

axes intersecting at right angles.  The following are oblique.

<stype>4.</stype> <stype>The Monoclinic system</stype>, having

one of the intersections oblique, as in the oblique rhombic

prism. In this system, the lateral axes are called respectively,

<xex>clinodiagonal</xex> and <xex>orthodiagonal</xex>.

<stype>5.</stype> <stype>The Triclinic system</stype>, having all

the three intersections oblique, as in the oblique rhomboidal

prism. There is also: <stype>6.</stype> <stype>The Hexagonal

system</stype> (one division of which is called

<xex>Rhombohedral</xex>), in which there are three equal lateral

axes, and a vertical axis of variable length, as in the hexagonal

prism and the rhombohedron.</note>



<note><hand/ <xex>The Diclinic system</xex>, sometimes

recognized, with two oblique intersections, is only a variety of

the <xex>Triclinic</xex>.</note>



<hw>Crys"tal*lize</hw> <pr>(kr?s"t<it>a</it>l-l?z)</pr>, <pos>v.

t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos>

<er>Crystallized</er> <pr>(-l?zd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Crystallizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. 

<ets>cristalliser</ets>. See <er>Crystal</er>.]</ety> <def>To

cause to form crystals, or to assume the crystalline form.</def>



<hw>Crys"tal*lize</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To be converted

into a crystal; to take on a crystalline form, through the action

of crystallogenic or cohesive attraction.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Crys`tal*lo*gen"ic</hw> <pr>(-l?-j?n"?k)</pr>,

<hw>Crys`tal*lo*gen"ic*al</hw> <pr>(-?-k<it>a</it>l)</pr>,

}</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to the production of

crystals; crystal-producing; <as>as, <ex>crystallogenic</ex>

attraction</as>.</def>



<hw>Crys`tal*log"e*ny</hw> <pr>(kr?s`t<it>a</it>l-l?j"?-n?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ crystal + root of

<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ to be born.]</ety> <def>The science which

pertains to the production of crystals.</def>



<hw>Crys`tal*log"ra*pher</hw>

<pr>(kr?s`t<it>a</it>l-l?g"r?-f?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

who describes crystals, or the manner of their formation; one

versed in crystallography.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Crys`tal*lo*graph"ic</hw> <pr>(-l?-gr?f"?k)</pr>,

<hw>Crys`tal*lo*graph"ic*al</hw> <pr>(-?-k<it>a</it>l)</pr>,

}</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>crystallographique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to

crystallography.</def>



<hw>Crys`tal*lo*graph"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In the

manner of crystallography.</def>



<hw>Crys`tal*log"ra*phy</hw>

<pr>(kr?s`t<it>a</it>l-l?g"r?-f?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ crystal + <ets>-graphy</ets>: cf. F. 

<ets>cristallographie</ets>. See <er>Crystal</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The doctrine or science of crystallization,

teaching the system of forms among crystals, their structure, and

their methods of formation.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A discourse or treatise on

crystallization.</def>



<hw>Crys"tal*loid</hw> <pr>(kr?s"t<it>a</it>l-loid)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ crystal +

<ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Crystal-like; transparent like

crystal.</def>



<hw>Crys"tal*loid</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A body which, in solution, diffuses

readily through animal membranes, and generally is capable of

being crystallized; -- opposed to <xex>colloid</xex>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of the microscopic

particles resembling crystals, consisting of protein matter,

which occur in certain plant cells; -- called also

<altname>protein crystal</altname>.</def>



<hw>Cris`tal*lol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(kr?s`t<it>a</it>l-l?l"?-j?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ crystal +

<ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science of the crystalline

structure of inorganic bodies.</def>



<hw>Crys"tal*lo*man`cy</hw> <pr>(-l?-m?n`s?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ crystal + <ets>-mancy</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Divination by means of a crystal or other transparent body,

especially a beryl.</def>



<hw>Crys`tal*lom"e*try</hw> <pr>(-l?m"?-tr?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ crystal + <ets>-metry</ets>.]</ety>

<def>The art of measuring crystals.</def>



<hw>Crys"tal*lur`gy</hw> <pr>(-l?r`j?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ crystal + <?/<?/<?/<?/ work.]</ety>

<def>Crystallizaton.</def>



<hw>Cte"no*cyst</hw> <pr>(t?"n?-s?st)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/<?/, comb + <?/<?/<?/<?/

bladder.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An organ of the

Ctenophora, supposed to be sensory.</def>



<hw>Cte"noid</hw> <pr>(t?"noid <or/ t?n"oid)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having a comblike margin,

as a ctenoid scale</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Pertaining to the

Ctenoidei.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A

ctenoidean.</def></def2>



<hw>Cte*noid"e*an</hw> <pr>(t?-noid"?-a]/>n)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Relating to the Ctenoidei.</def> --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>One of the Ctenoidei.</def></def2>



<hw>\'d8Cte*noid"e*i</hw> <pr>(-?-?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/<?/, comb +

<ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of

fishes, established by Agassiz, characterized by having scales

with a pectinated margin, as in the perch. The group is now

generally regarded as artificial.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cte*noph"o*ra</hw> <pr>(t?-n?f"?-r?)</pr>, <pos>n.

pl.</pos> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/, comb +

<?/<?/<?/<?/ to carry.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A class

of C\'d2lenterata, commonly ellipsoidal in shape, swimming by

means of eight longitudinal rows of paddles. The separate paddles

somewhat resemble combs.</def>



<hw>Cten"o*phore</hw> <pr>(t?n"?-f?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>(Zo\'94l.) One of the Ctenophora.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cten`o*phor"ic</hw> <pr>(t?n`?-f?r"?k)</pr>,

<hw>Cte*noph"o*rous</hw> <pr>(t?-n?f"?-r?s)</pr>, }</mhw>

<pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the

Ctenophora.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cten`o*stom"a*ta</hw> <pr>(t?n`?-st?m"?-t?)</pr>, <pos>n.

pl.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/, comb +

<?/<?/<?/<?/, -<?/<?/<?/ mouth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A suborder of Bryozoa, usually having a circle of bristles

below the tentacles.</def>



<hw>Cub</hw> <pr>(k?b)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Ir. 

<ets>cuib</ets> cub, whelp, young dog, Ir. & Gael.  <ets>cu</ets>

dog; akin to E. <ets>hound</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A young

animal, esp. the young of the bear.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Jocosely or in contempt, a boy or girl, esp. an

awkward, rude, illmannered boy.</def>



<q>O, thuo dissembling <qex>cub</qex>! what

wilt thou be

When time hath sowed a drizzle on thy

case?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Cub</hw>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Cubbed</er> (k<?/bd); <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Cubbing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To bring forth; -- said of

animals, or in contempt, of persons.</def> \'bd<xex>Cubb'd</xex>

in a cabin.\'b8



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Cub</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Cub</er> a young

animal.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A stall for cattle.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>I would rather have such . . . .in <qex>cub</qex>or kennel

than in my closet or at my table.</q>

<qau>Landor.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A cupboard.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Laud.</au>



<hw>Cub</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To shut up or confine.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Burton.</au>



<hw>Cu"ban</hw> <pr>(k?"b<it>a</it>n)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of

or pertaining to Cuba or its inhabitants.</def> --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> A native or an inhabitant of

Cuba.</def></def2>



<hw>Cu*ba"tion</hw> <pr>(k?-b?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cubatio</ets>, fr. <ets>cubare</ets> to lie down.]</ety>

<def>The act of lying down; a reclining.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Cu"ba*to*ry</hw> <pr>(k?"b?-t?-r?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>cubator</ets> he who lies down, fr. 

<ets>cubare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Lying down; recumbent.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Cu"ba*ture</hw> <pr>(k?"b?-t?r; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.  <ets>cubus</ets> cube: cf. F.  <ets>cubature</ets>. 

See <er>Cube</er>.]</ety> <def>The process of determining the

solid or cubic contents of a body.</def>



<hw>Cub"bridge-head`</hw> <pr>(k?b"r?jj-h?d)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A bulkhead on the forecastle and half

deck of a ship.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cub"by</hw> <pr>(k?b"b?)</pr>, <hw>Cub"by*hole`</hw>

<pr>(-h?l`)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Cub</er> a

stall.]</ety> <def>A snug or confined place.</def>



<hw>Cub"*drawn`</hw> <pr>(k?b"dr?n`)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Sucked by cubs.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>This night, wherein the <qex>cub-drawn</qex> bear would

couch.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Cube</hw> <pr>(k?b)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>cube</ets>, L.  <ets>cubus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ a

cube, a cubical die.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A

regular solid body, with six equal square sides.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The product obtained by

taking a number or quantity three times as a factor; <as>as,

<mathex>4x4=16</mathex>, and <mathex>16x4=64</mathex>, the cube

of 4</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Cube ore</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>pharmacosiderite.

It commonly crystallizes in cubes of a green color.</cd> --

<col>Cube root</col>. <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>the number or

quantity which, multiplied into itself, and then into the

product, produces the given cube; thus, 3 is the cube root of 27,

for <mathex>3x3x3 = 27</mathex>.</cd> -- <col>Cube spar</col>

<fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>anhydrite; anhydrous calcium

sulphate.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cube</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Cubed</er> <pr>(k?bd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Cubing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To raise to the third

power; to obtain the cube of.</def>



<hw>Cu"beb</hw> <pr>(k?"b?b)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>cub<?/be</ets> (cf. It.  <ets>cubebe</ets>, Pr., Sp., Pg., &

NL.  <ets>cubeba</ets>), fr. Ar. <ets>kab<?/bat</ets>.]</ety>

<def>The small, spicy berry of a species of pepper (<spn>Piper

Cubeba</spn>; <fld>in med.</fld>, <spn>Cubeba officinalis</spn>),

native in Java and Borneo, but now cultivated in various tropical

countries. The dried unripe fruit is much used in medicine as a

stimulant and purgative.</def>



<hw>Cu*beb"ic</hw> <pr>(k?-b?b"?k)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to, or derived from, cubebs; <as>as,

<ex>cubebic</ex> acid (a soft olive-green resin extracted from

cubebs)</as>.</def>



<hw>Cub"hood</hw> <pr>(k?b"h??d)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

state of being a cub.</def> <mark>[Jocose]</mark> \'bdFrom

<xex>cubhood</xex> to old age.\'b8



<au>W. B. Dawkins.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cu"bic</hw> <pr>(k?"b?k)</pr>, <hw>Cu"bic*al</hw>

<pr>(-b?-k<it>a</it>l)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. 

<ets>cubicus</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/: cf.F.

<ets>cubique</ets>. See <er>Cube</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Having the form or properties of a cube; contained, or

capable of being contained, in a cube.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Isometric or

monometric; <as>as, <ex>cubic</ex> cleavage</as>. See

<er>Crystallization</er>.</def>



<cs><col>Cubic equation</col>, <cd>an equation in which the

highest power of the unknown quantity is a cube.</cd> --

<col>Cubic foot</col>, <cd>a volume equivalent to a cubical solid

which measures a foot in each of its dimensions.</cd> --

<col>Cubic number</col>, <cd>a number produced by multiplying a

number into itself, and that product again by the same number.

See <er>Cube</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cubical parabola</col>

<fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>two curves of the third degree, one

plane, and one on space of three dimensions.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cu"bic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A curve of

the third degree.</def>



<cs><col>Circular cubic</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Circular</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cu"bic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a cubical

method.</def>



<hw>Cu"bic*al*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

cubical.</def>



<hw>Cu"bi*cle</hw> <pr>(k?"b?-k'l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cubiculum</ets>.]</ety> <def>A loding room; esp., a sleeping

place partitioned off from a large dormitory.</def>



<hw>Cu*bic"u*lar</hw> <pr>(k?-??k"?-l?r)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>cubicularis</ets>, fr. <ets>cubiculum</ets> a

sleeping room, fr.  <ets>cubare</ets> to lie down.]</ety>

<def>Belonging to a chamber or bedroom.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Howell.</au>



<hw>Cu"bi*form</hw> <pr>(k?"b?-f?rm)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of

the form of a cube.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cu*bi"le</hw> <pr>(k?-b?"l?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L., bed.]</ety> <def>The lowest course of stones in a

building.</def>



<hw>Cu"bi*lose`</hw> <pr>(k?"b?-l?s`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.  <ets>cubile</ets> bed, nest.]</ety> <def>A mucilagenous

secretion of certain birds found as the characteristic ingredient

of edible bird's-nests.</def>



<hw>Cu"bit</hw> <pr>(k?"b?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. 

<ets>cubitum</ets>, <ets>cubitus</ets>; elbow, ell, cubit, fr.

(because the elbow serves fo<?/ <?/<?/aning upon)

<ets>cubare</ets> to lie down, recline; cf. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/

elbow, <?/<?/<?/<?/ to bend, stoop, <?/<?/<?/<?/ bent, stooping,

humbacked. Cf. <er>Incumbent</er>, <er>Covey</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The forearm; the ulna, a bone

of the arm extending from elbow to wrist.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A measure of length, being the distance from the

elbow to the extremity of the middle finger.</def>



<note><hand/ The cubit varies in length in different countries,

the Roman cubit being 17,47 inches, the Greek 18,20, the Hebrew

somewhat longer, and the English 18 inches.</note>



<hw>Cu"bit*al</hw> <pr>(k?"b?t-a]/>l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L.  <ets>cubitalis</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or

pertaining to the cubit or ulna; <as>as, the <ex>cubital</ex>

nerve; the <ex>cubital</ex> artery; the <ex>cubital</ex>

muscle.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of the length of a cubit.</def>



<au>Sir. T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Cu"bit*al</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A sleeve covering the arm

from the elbow to the hand.</def>



<au>Crabb.</au>



<hw>Cu"bit*ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having the measure of a

cubit.</def>



<hw>Cub"less</hw> <pr>(k?b"l?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

no cubs.</def>



<au>Byron.</au>



<hw>Cu"boid</hw> <pr>(k?"boid)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cube</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>: cf. Gr.

<?/<?/<?/.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Cube-shaped, or nearly

so; <as>as, the <ex>cuboid</ex> bone of the foot</as>.</def> --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The bone of the

tarsus, which, in man and most mammals, supports the metatarsals

of the fourth and fifth toes.</def></def2>



<hw>Cu*boid"al</hw> <pr>(k?-boid"<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Cuboid.</def>



<hw>Cu`bo-oc`ta*he"dral</hw>

<pr>(k?`b?-?k`t?-h?dr<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Presenting a combination of a cube and an octahedron.</def>



<hw>Cu`bo-oc`ta*he"dron</hw> <pr>(-dr?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>A combination of a cube and

octahedron, esp. one in which the octahedral faces meet at the

middle of the cubic edges.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cu"ca</hw> <pr>(k??"k?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.,

fr. native name.]</ety> <def>See <er>Coca</er>.</def>



<hw>Cuck"ing stool`</hw> <pr>(k<?/k"<?/ng st<?/<?/l`)</pr>.

<ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>scealfingst\'d3l</ets>, a word of similar

meaning, allied to <ets>scealfor</ets> a diver, mergus avis; or

possibly from F. <ets>coquine</ets> a hussy, slut, jade, f. of

<ets>coquin</ets>, OE.  <ets>cokin</ets>, a rascal; or cf. Icel.

<ets>k<?/ka</ets> to dung, <ets>k<?/kr</ets> dung, the name being

given as to a disgracing or infamous punishment.]</ety> <def>A

kind of chair formerly used for punishing scolds, and also

dishonest tradesmen, by fastening them in it, usually in front of

their doors, to be pelted and hooted at by the mob, but sometimes

to be taken to the water and ducked; -- called also a

<altname>castigatory</altname>, a <altname>tumbrel</altname>, and

a <altname>trebuchet</altname>; and often, but not so correctly,

a <altname>ducking stool</altname>.</def>



<au>Sir. W. Scott.</au>



<hw>Cuck"old</hw> <pr>(k?k"?ld)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>kukeweld</ets>, <ets>cokewold</ets>, <ets>cokold</ets>, fr.

OF.  <ets>coucoul</ets>, <ets>cucuault</ets>, the last syllable

being modified by the OE. suffix <ets>-wold</ets> (see

<er>Herald</er>); cf. F. <ets>cocu</ets> a cuckold, formerly

also, a cuckoo, and L.  <ets>cuculus</ets> a cuckoo. The word

alludes to the habit of the female cuckoo, who lays her eggs in

the nests of other birds, to be hatched by them.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A man whose wife is unfaithful; the husband of

an adulteress.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A West Indian

plectognath fish (<spn>Ostracion triqueter</spn>).</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The cowfish.</def>



<hw>Cuck"old</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p. 

<er>Cuckolded</er>;<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Cuckolding</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make a cuckold of, as a

husband, by seducing his wife, or by her becoming an

adulteress.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Cuck"old*ize</hw> <pr>(-?z)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

cuckold.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Cuck"old*ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having the qualities of

a cuckold; mean-spirited; sneaking.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Cuck"ol*dom</hw> <pr>(-?l-d?m)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

state of a cuckold; cuckolds, collectively.</def>



<au>Addison.</au>



<hw>Cuck"old*ry</hw> <pr>(-?ld-r?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

state of being a cuckold; the practice of making cuckolds.</def>



<hw>Cuck"old's knot`</hw> <pr>(k?k"?ldz n?t`)</pr>.

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A hitch or knot, by which a rope is

secured to a spar, the two parts of the rope being crossed and

seized together; -- called also <altname>cuckold's

neck</altname>.</def>



<au>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</au>



<hw>Cuck"oo</hw> <pr>(k??k"??)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>coccou</ets>, <ets>cukkow</ets>, F.  <ets>coucou</ets>,

prob. of imitative origin; cf. L.  <ets>cuculus</ets>, Gr.

<?/<?/<?/<?/, Skr. <ets>k<?/ki<?/a</ets>, G. <ets>kuckuk</ets>,

D. <ets>koekoek</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bird

belonging to <spn>Cuculus</spn>, <spn>Coccyzus</spn>, and several

allied genera, of many species.</def>



<note><hand/ The European cuckoo (<spn>Cuculus canorus</spn>)

builds no nest of its own, but lays its eggs in the nests of

other birds, to be hatched by them. The American yellow-billed

cuckoo (<spn>Coccyzus Americanus</spn>) and the black-billed

cuckoo (<spn>C. erythrophthalmus</spn>) build their own

nests.</note>



<cs><col>Cuckoo bee</col> <fld>(Zool.)</fld>, <cd>a bee,

parasitic in the larval stage in the nests of other bees, feeding

either upon their food or larvae. They belong to the genera

<spn>Nomada</spn>, <spn>Melecta</spn>, <spn>Epeolus</spn>, and

others.</cd> -- <col>Cuckoo clock</col>, <cd>a clock so

constructed that at the time for striking it gives forth sounds

resembling the cry of the cuckoo.</cd> -- <col>Cuckoo dove</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a long-tailed pigeon of the genus

<spn>Macropygia</spn>.  Many species inhabit the East

Indies.</cd> -- <col>Cuckoo fish</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,

<cd>the European red gurnard (<spn>Trigla cuculus</spn>). The

name probably alludes to the sound that it utters.</cd> --

<col>Cuckoo falcon</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any falcon of

the genus <spn>Baza</spn>.  The genus inhabits Africa and the

East Indies.</cd> -- <col>Cuckoo maid</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the wryneck; -- called also

<altname>cuckoo mate</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Cuckoo ray</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a British ray (<spn>Raia

miraletus</spn>).</cd> -- <mcol><col>Cuckoo spit</col>, <or/

<col>Cuckoo spittle</col></mcol>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A frothy

secretion found upon plants, exuded by the larvae of certain

insects, for concealment; -- called also <altname>toad

spittle</altname> and <altname>frog spit</altname>.</cd>

<sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>A small hemipterous

insect, the larva of which, living on grass and the leaves of

plants, exudes this secretion. The insects belong to

<spn>Aphrophora</spn>, <spn>Helochara</spn>, and allied

genera.</cd> -- <col>Ground cuckoo</col>, <cd>the chaparral

cock.</cd></cs>



<-- p. 354 -->



<hw>Cuck"oo*bud"</hw> <pr>(k??k"??-b?d`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of <spn>Ranunculus</spn>

(<spn>R. bulbosus</spn>); -- called also

<altname>butterflower</altname>, <altname>buttercup</altname>,

<altname>kingcup</altname>, <altname>goldcup</altname>.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Cuck"oo*flow`er</hw> <pr>(-flou`?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of <spn>Cardamine</spn> (<spn>C.

pratensis</spn>), or lady's smock. Its leaves are used in salads.

Also, the ragged robin (<spn>Lychnis Flos-cuculi</spn>).</def>



<hw>Cuck"oo*pint`</hw> <pr>(-p?nt`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Arum</spn>

(<spn>A. maculatum</spn>); the European wake-robin.</def>



<hw>Cuc"quean`</hw> <pr>(k?k"kw?n`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cucko</ets>ld + <ets>quean</ets>.]</ety> <def>A woman

whose husband is unfaithful to her.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Cu*cu"jo</hw> <pr>(k??-k??"h?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The fire

beetle of Mexico and the West Indies.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cu"cul*late</hw> <pr>(k?"k?l-l?t <or/

k?-k?l"l?t)</pr>, <hw>Cu"cul*la`ted</hw> <pr>(-l?`t?d <or/

-l?-t?d)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>cullatus</ets>, fr. L.  <ets>cucullus</ets> a cap, hood. See

<er>Cowl</er> a hood.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Hooded; cowled;

covered, as with a hood.</def>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the edges toward the

base rolled inward, as the leaf of the commonest American blue

violet.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having the

prothorax elevated so as to form a sort of hood, receiving the

head, as in certain insects.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Having a

hoodlike crest on the head, as certain birds, mammals, and

reptiles.</def>



<hw>Cu"cu*loid</hw> <pr>(k?k?-loid)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L.<ets>cuculus</ets> a cuckoo + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or belonging to the cuckoos

<fld>(Cuculid\'91)</fld>.</def>



<hw>Cu"cum*ber</hw> <pr>(k?`k?m-b?r, <it>formerly</it>

kou"k?m-b?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[OE. <ets>cucumer</ets>,

<ets>cocumber</ets>, <ets>cucumber</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>cucmis</ets>, gen.<ets>cucumeris</ets>; cf. OF.

<ets>cocombre</ets>,F. <ets>concombre</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A creeping plant, and its fruit, of

several species of the genus <spn>Cucumis</spn>, esp.

<spn>Cucumis sativus</spn>, the unripe fruit of which is eaten

either fresh or picked. Also, similar plants or fruits of several

other genera. See below.</def>



<cs><col>Bitter cucumber</col> <cd><fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the

<spn>Citrullus <or/ Cucumis Colocynthis</spn>.

See<er>Colocynth</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cucumber beetle.</col>

<cd><fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A small, black

flea-beetle (<spn>Crepidodera cucumeris</spn>), which destroys

the leaves of cucumber, squash, and melon vines.</cd>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The squash beetle.</cd> -- <col>Cucumber

tree</col>.<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A large ornamental or shade tree of

the genus <spn>Magnolia</spn> <spn>(M. acuminata)</spn>, so

called from a slight resemblance of its young fruit to a small

cucumber.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>An East Indian plant

(<spn>Averrhoa Bilimbi</spn>) which produces the fruit known as

bilimbi.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Jamaica cucumber</col>,

<col>Jerusalem cucumber</col></mcol>, <cd>the prickly-fruited

gherkin (<spn>Cucumis Anguria</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Snake

cucumber</col>, <cd>a species (<spn>Cucumis flexuosus</spn>)

remarkable for its long, curiously-shaped fruit.</cd> --

<col>Squirting cucumber</col>, <cd>a plant (<spn>Ecbalium

Elaterium</spn>) whose small oval fruit separates from the

footstalk when ripe and expels its seeds and juice with

considerable force through the opening thus made. See

<er>Elaterium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Star cucumber</col>,<cd>a

climbing weed (<spn>Sicyos angulatus</spn>) with prickly

fruit.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cu*cu"mi*form</hw> <pr>(k?-k?"m?-f?rm)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>cucumis</ets> cucumber + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Having the form of a cucumber; having the form of a cylinder

tapered and rounded at the ends, and either straight or

curved.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cu"cu*mis</hw> <pr>(k?k?--m?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L., cucumber.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of

plants including the cucumber, melon, and same kinds of

gourds.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cu*cur"bit</hw> <hw>Cu*cur"bite</hw> }</mhw>

<pr>(k?-k?r"b?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. 

<ets>cucurbita</ets> a gourd: cf. F. <ets>cucurbite</ets>. See

<er>Gourd</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A vessel of flask

for distillation, used with, or forming part of, an alembic; a

matrass; -- originally in the shape of a gourd, with a wide

mouth. See <er>Alembic</er>.</def>



<hw>Cu*cur`bi*ta"ceous</hw> <pr>(-b?-t?"sh?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>cucurbitac<?/</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a family of plants of

which the cucumber, melon, and gourd are common examples.</def>



<hw>Cu*cur"bi*tive</hw> <pr>(k?-k?r"b?-t?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Having the shape of a gourd seed; -- said of certain small

worms.</def>



<hw>Cud</hw> <pr>(k?d)</pr>, <pos>n</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>cudu</ets>,

<ets>cwudu</ets>,<ets>cwidu</ets>,<ets>cweodo</ets>, of uncertain

origin; cf, G. <ets>k<?/der</ets> bait, Icel. <ets>kvi<?/r</ets>

womb, Goth. <ets>qipus</ets>. Cf. <er>Quid</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>That portion of food which is brought up into

the mouth by ruminating animals from their first stomach, to be

cheved a second time.</def>



<q>Whatsoever parteth the hoof, and is cloven-footed, and cheweth

the <qex>cud</qex>, among the beasts, that shall ye eat.</q>

<qau>Levit. xi. 3</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A portion of tobacco held in the mouth and

chewed; a quid.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The first stomach of ruminating beasts.</def>



<au>Crabb.</au>



<cs><col>To chew the cud</col>, <cd>to ruminate; to meditate;

used with <xex>of</xex>; as, to <xex>chew the cud</xex> of bitter

memories.</cd></cs>



<q><qex>Chewed the</qex> thrice turned <qex>cud</qex>of

wrath.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Cud"bear`</hw> <pr>(k?d"b?r`)</pr>, <pos>n</pos> <ety>[Also

<ets>cudbeard</ets>, corrupted fr. the name of Dr.

<ets>Cuthbert</ets> Gordon, a Scotchman, who first brought it

into notice.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A powder of a violet red

color, difficult to moisten with water, used for making violet or

purple dye. It is prepared from certain species of lichen,

especially <spn>Lecanora tartarea</spn>.</def>



<au>Ure.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A lichen (<spn>Lecanora

tartarea</spn>), from which the powder is obtained.</def>



<hw>Cud"den</hw> <pr>(k?d"d'n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[For

sense 1, cf. Scot.<ets>cuddy</ets> an ass; for sense 2, see 3d

<er>Cuddy</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A clown; a low rustic; a

dolt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The slavering <qex>cudden</qex>, propped upon his staff.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The coalfish. See 3d

<er>Cuddy</er>.</def>



<hw>Cud"dle</hw> <pr>(k?d"d'l)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Cuddled</er>

<pr>(-d'ld)</pr>; <pos>p.pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Cuddling</er>

<pr>(-dl?ng)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Prob. for

<ets>couthle</ets>, fr. <ets>couth</ets> known; cf. OE.

<ets>kuppen</ets> to cuddle, or <ets>cu<?/lechen</ets> to make

friends with. See<er>Couth</er>, <er>Uncouth</er>,

<er>Can</er>.]</ety> <def>To <?/ie close or snug; to crouch; to

nestle.</def>



<q>She <qex>cuddles</qex> low beneath the brake;

Nor would she stay, nor dares she fly.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<hw>Cud"dle</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To embrace closely; to

foundle.</def>



<au>Forby.</au>



<hw>Cud"dle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A close embrace.</def>



<hw>Cud"dy</hw> <pr>(-d?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Cudden</er>. ]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An ass; esp., one

driven by a huckster or greengrocer.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence: A blockhead; a lout.</def>



<au>Hood.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A lever mounted on a tripod

for lifting stones, leveling up railroad ties, etc.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Cud"dy</hw> <pr>(k?d"d?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. a

contraction fr. D. <ets>kajuit</ets> cabin: cf.

F.<ets>cahute</ets> hut.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A small

cabin: also, the galley or kitchen of a vessel.</def>



<hw>Cud"dy</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Scot.; cf. Gael.

<ets>cudaig</ets>, <ets>cudainn</ets>, or

E.<ets>cuttlefish</ets>, or <ets>cod</ets>,

<ets>codfish</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>The coalfish

(<spn>Pollachius carbonarius</spn>).</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>cudden</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Cudg"el</hw> <pr>(k?j"?l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>kuggel</ets>; cf. G. <ets>keule</ets> club (with a round

end), <ets>kugel</ets> ball, or perh. W. <ets>cogyl</ets> cudgel,

or D. <ets>cudse</ets>, <ets>kuds</ets>, cudgel.]</ety> <def>A

staff used in cudgel play, shorter than the quarterstaff, and

wielded with one hand; hence, any heavy stick used as a

weapon.</def>



<q>He getteth him a grievous crabtree <qex>cudgel</qex> and . . .

falls to rating of them as if they were dogs.</q>

<qau>Bunyan.</qau>



<cs><col>Cudgel play</col>, <cd>a fight or sportive contest with

cudgels.</cd> -- <col>To cross the cudgels</col>, <cd>to forbear

or give up the contest; -- a phrase borrowed from the practice of

cudgel players, who lay one cudgel over another when the contest

is ended.</cd> -- <col>To take up cudgels for</col>, <cd>to

engage in a contest in behalf of (some one or

something).</cd></cs>



<hw>Cudg"el</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Cudgeled</er> or <er>Cudgelled</er>

<pr>(-<?/ld)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Cudgeling</er>

or <er>cudgelling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To beat with a

cudgel.</def>



<q>An he here, I would <qex>cudgel</qex> him like a dog.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>To cudgel one's brains</col>, <cd>to exercise one's

wits.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cudg"el*er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

beats with a cudgel.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>cudgeller</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Cud"weed`</hw> <pr>(k?d"w?d`)</pr>, <pos>n</pos>

<ety>[Apparently fr.  <ets>cud</ets>. + <ets>weed</ets>, but

perh. a corruption of <ets>cottonweed</ets>; or of <ets>cut

weed</ets>, so called from its use as an application to cuts and

chafings.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small composite plant

with cottony or silky stem and leaves, primarily a species of

<spn>Gnaphalium</spn>, but the name is now given to many plants

of different genera, as <spn>Filago</spn>, <spn>Antennaria</spn>,

etc.; cottonweed.</def>



<hw>Cue</hw> <pr>(k<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[ OF.

</ets>coue</ets>, </ets>coe</ets>, F. </ets>queue</ets>, fr. L. 

</ets>coda</ets>, </ets>cauda</ets>, tail. Cf. <er>Caudal</er>,

<er>Coward</er>, <er>Queue</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

tail; the end of a thing; especially, a tail-like twist of hair

worn at the back of the head; a queue.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The last words of a play actor's speech, serving

as an intimation for the next succeeding player to speak; any

word or words which serve to remind a player to speak or to do

something; a catchword.</def>



<q>When my <qex>cue</qex> comes, call me, and I will answer.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A hint or intimation.</def>



<q>Give them [the servants] their <qex>cue</qex> to attend in two

lines as he leaves the house.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The part one has to perform in, or as in, a

play.</def>



<q>Were it my <qex>cue</qex>to fight, I should have known it

Without a prompter.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Humor; temper of mind.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<au>Dickens.</au>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A straight tapering rod used to impel the balls

in playing billiards.</def>



<hw>Cue</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To form into a cue; to braid;

to twist.</def>



<hw>Cue</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From <ets>q</ets>, an

abbreviation for <ets>quadrans</ets> a farthing.]</ety> <def>A

small portion of bread or beer; the quantity bought with a

farthing or half farthing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<note><hand/ The term was formerly current in the English

universities, the letter </xex>q</xex> being the mark in the

buttery books to denote such a portion.</note>



<au>Nares.</au>



<q>Hast thou worn

Gowns in the university, tossed logic,

Sucked philosophy, eat <qex>cues</qex>?</q>

<qau>Old Play.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Cuer"po</hw> <pr>(kw?r"p?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.

<ets>cuerpo</ets>, fr. L. <ets>corpus</ets> body. See

<er>Corpse</er>.]</ety> <def>The body.</def>



<cs><col>In cuerpo</col>, <cd>without full dress, so that the

shape of the Body is exposed; hence, naked or

uncovered.</cd></cs>



<q>Exposed <qex>in cuerpo</qex> to their rage.</q>

<qau>Hudibras.</qau>



<hw>Cuff</hw> <pr>(k?f)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p</pos>. <er>Cuffed</er>

<pr>(k<?/ft)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n</pos>.

<er>Cuffing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Sw. <ets>kuffa</ets> to

knock, push,<ets>kufva</ets> to check, subdue, and E.

<ets>cow</ets>, v. t. ]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To strike; esp.,

to smite with the palm or flat of the hand; to slap.</def>



<q>I swear I'll <qex>cuff</qex> you, if you strike again.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>They with their quills did all the hurt they could,

And <qex>cuffed</qex> the tender chickens from their food.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To buffet.</def> \'bd<xex>Cuffed</xex> by the

gale.\'b8



<au>Tennyson.</au>



<hw>Cuff</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To fight; to scuffle; to

box.</def>



<q>While the peers <qex>cuff</qex> to make the rabble sport.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Cuff</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A blow; esp.,, a blow with the

open hand; a box; a slap.</def>



<q>Snatcheth his sword, and fiercely to him flies;

Who well it wards, and quitten <qex>cuff</qex> with

<qex>cuff</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<q>Many a bitter kick and <qex>cuff</qex>.</q>

<qau>Hudibras.</qau>



<hw>Cuff</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Perh. from F.

<ets>coiffe</ets> headdress, hood, or coif; as if the cuff were a

cap for the hand. Cf. <er>Coif</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The fold at the end of a sleeve; the part of a

sleeve turned back from the hand.</def>



<q>He would visit his mistress in a morning gown, band,short

<qex>cuffs</qex>, and a peaked beard.</q>

<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any ornamental appendage at the wrist, whether

attached to the sleeve of the garment or separate;especially, in

modern times, such an appendage of starched linen, or a

substitute for it of paper, or the like.</def>



<hw>Cuf"fy</hw> <pr>(k<?/f`f<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A name

for a negro.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>



<hw>Cu"fic</hw> <pr>(k?`f?k)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[So called

from the town of <ets>Cufa</ets>, in the province of

Bagdad.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the older characters of

the Arabic language.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>Kufic</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Cuin"age</hw> <pr>(kw?n`?j)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos><ety>[Corrupted fr. <ets>coinage</ets>.]</ety>

<def>The stamping of pigs of tin, by the proper officer, with the

arms of the duchy of Cornwall.</def>



<hw>Cui*rass"</hw> <pr>(kw?-r?s`, <or/ kw?`r?s; 277)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cuirasses</plw>(-<?/z)</plu>. <ety>[

F.<ets>cuirasse</ets>, orig., a breas<?/plate of leather, for OF.

<ets>cuir<?/e</ets>, <ets>cuirie</ets> influenced by It.

<ets>corazza</ets>, or Sp. <ets>cora<?/<?/</ets>, fr. an assumed

LL. <ets>coriacea</ets>, fr. L. coriacevs, adj., of leather, fr.

<ets>corium</ets> leather, hide; akin to Gr.

<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ intestinal membrane, OSlav.

<ets>skora</ets> hide, Lith. <ets>skura</ets> hide, leather. Cf.

<er>Coriaceous</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A piece

of defensive armor, covering the body from the neck to the

girdle</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The breastplate taken by

itself.</def>



<note><hand/ The <xex>cuirass</xex> covered the body before and

behind. It consisted of two parts, a breast- and backpiece of

iron fastened together by means of straps and buckles or other

like contrivances. It was originally, as the name imports, made

of leather, but afterward of metal.</note>

<au>Crose.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>An armor of bony plates,

somewhat resembling a cuirass.</def>



<hw>Cui*rassed"</hw> <pr>(kw?-r?st` <or/ kw?`r?st)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Wearing a cuirass.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>Having a covering of bony

plates, resembling a cuirass;- said of certain fishes.</def>



<hw>Cui`ras*sier"</hw> <pr>(kw?`r?s-s?r")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F. <ets>cuirassier</ets>. See <er>Curass</er>.]</ety>

<def>A soldier armed with a cuirass.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Cuish</hw> <pr>(kw?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>cuisse</ets> thigh, fr. L. <ets>coxa</ets> hip: cf. F.

<ets>cuissard</ets>, OF, <ets>cuissot</ets>, armor for the thigh,

cuish. Cf. <er>Hough</er>.]</ety> <def>Defensive armor for the

thighs.</def> <altsp>[ Written also <asp>cuisse</asp>, and

quish.]</altsp>



<hw>\'d8Cui`sine"</hw> <pr>(kw?`z?n")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>coquina</ets> kitchen, fr.

<ets>coquere</ets> to cook. See <er>Kitchen</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The kitchen or cooking department.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Manner or style of cooking.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cu`lasse"</hw> <pr>(ku`l?s")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F., fr. <ets>cul</ets> back.]</ety> <def>The lower faceted

portion of a brilliant-cut diamond.</def>



<hw>Cul*dee"</hw> <pr>(k<?/l-d<?/" <or/ k<?/l"d<?/)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[ Prob. fr. Gael.<ets>cuilteach</ets>; cf. Ir.

<ets>ceilede</ets>.]</ety> <def>One of a class of anchorites who

lived in various parts of Scotland, Ireland, and Wales.</def>



<q>The pure <qex>Culdees</qex>

Were Albyn's earliest priests of God.</q>

<qau>Campbell.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Cul`-de-sac"</hw> <pr>(ku`de-s?k" <or/ kul`de-s?k")</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Culs-de-sac</plw> <pr>(ku`-

<xex>or</xex> kulz`-)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[ F., lit., bottom of a

bag.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A passage with only one outlet, as a street

closed at one end; a blind alley; hence, a trap.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>a position in which an army

finds itself with no way of exit but to the front.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Any bag-shaped or tubular

cavity, vessel, or organ, open only at one end.</def>



<hw>Cul"er*age</hw> <pr>(k?l"?r-?j)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Culrage</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cu"lex</hw> <pr>(k?"l?ks)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a

gnat.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of dipterous

insects, including the gnat and mosquito.</def>



<hw>Cu*lic"i*form</hw> <pr>(k?-l?s"i-f?rm)</pr>. <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>culex</ets> a gnat + <ets>-form</ets>:cf. F.

<ets>culiciforme</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>Gnat-shaped.</def>



<hw>Cu"li*na*ri*ly</hw> <pr>(k?`l?-n?-r?-l?)</pr>,

<pos>adv.</pos> <def>In the manner of a kitchen; in connection

with a kitchen or cooking.</def>



<hw>Cu"li*na*ry</hw> <pr>(k?"l?-n?-r?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>culinarius</ets>, fr. <ets>culina</ets> kitchen,

perh. akin to <ets>carbo</ets> coal: cf. F.

<ets>culinare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Relating to the kitchen, or to

the art of cookery; used in kitchens; <as>as, a <ex>culinary</ex>

vessel; the <ex>culinary</ex> art.</as></def>



<hw>Cull</hw> <pr>(k?l)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Culled</er>

<pr>(k?ld)</pr>; <pos>p. pr.& <?/<?/. n.</pos>

<er>Culling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.<ets><?/ullen</ets>, OF.

<ets>cuillir</ets>, <ets>coillir</ets>, F.<ets>cueillir</ets>, to

gather, pluck, pick, fr. L. <ets>colligere</ets>. See

<er>Coil</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, and cf. <er>Collect</er>.]</ety>

<def>To separate, select, or pick out; to choose and gather or

collect; <as>as, to <ex>cuil</ex> flowers</as>.</def>



<q>From his herd he <qex>culls</qex>,

For slaughter, from the fairest of his bulls.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>Whitest honey in fairy gardens <qex>culled</qex>.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Cull</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A cully; a dupe; a gull. See

<er>Gully</er>.</def>



<hw>Cul"len*der</hw> <pr>(k?l"l?n-d?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

strainer. See <er>Colander</er>.</def>



<hw>Cull"er</hw> <pr>(k?l"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

piks or chooses; esp., an inspector who select wares suitable for

market.</def>



<hw>Cul"let</hw> <pr>(k?l"l?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Cull</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos> ]</ety> <def>Broken glass for

remelting.</def>



<hw>Cul"let</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[A dim. from F.

<ets>cul</ets> back.]</ety> <def>A small central plane in the

back of a cut gem. See <er>Collet</er>, 3 <sd>(b)</sd>.</def>



<hw>Cul`li*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(-l?-b?l"?-ty)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[From <ets>cully</ets> to trick, cheat.]</ety>

<def>Gullibility.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>Cul"li*ble</hw> <pr>(k?l"l?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Easily deceived; gullible.</def>



<hw>Cull"ing</hw> <pr>(k?l"?ng)</pr>, <pos>n</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of one who culls.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Anything separated or selected

from a mass.</def>



<hw>Cul"lion</hw> <pr>(k?l"y?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>couillon</ets>, <ets>coillon</ets>, F. <ets>co<?/on</ets>, a

vile fellow, coward, dupe, from OF. <ets>couillon</ets>,

<ets>coillon</ets>, testicle, fr. <ets>il</ets> the scrotum, fr.

L. <ets>coleus</ets> a leather bag, the scrotum.]</ety> <def>A

mean wretch; a base fellow; a poltroon; a scullion.</def>

\'bdAway, base <xex>cullions</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Cul"lion*ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Mean; base.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Cul"lis</hw> <pr>(k<?/l"l<?/s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>cole\'8bs</ets>, F. <ets>coulis</ets>, fr. OF. & F.

<ets>couler</ets> to strain, to flow, fr. L. <ets>colare</ets> to

filter, strain; cf. LL. <ets>coladicium</ets>. Cf.

<er>Colander</er>.]</ety> <def>A strong broth of meat, strained

and made clear for invalids; also, a savory jelly.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>When I am exellent at caudles

And <qex>cullises</qex> . . . you shall be welcome to me.</q>

<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>



<hw>Cul"lis</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cullises</plw>

<pr>(-<?/z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[F.<ets>coulisse</ets> groove, fr.

the same source as E. <ets>cullis</ets> broth.]</ety>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A gutter in a roof; a channel or

groove.</def>



<hw>Culls</hw> <pr>(k?lz)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[From

Cull,, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Refuse timber,

from which the best part has been culled out.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any refuse stuff, as rolls not properly

baked.</def>



<hw>Cul"ly</hw> <pr>(k?l"l?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Cullies</plw> <pr>(-l<?/z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[Abbrev. fr.

<ets>cullion</ets>.]</ety> <def>A person easily deceived,

tricked, or imposed on; a mean dupe; a gull.</def>



<q>I have learned that . . . I am not the first <qex>cully</qex>

whom she has passed upon for a countess.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<hw>Cul"ly</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Cully</er>,<pos>n.</pos>, and cf. D. <ets>kullen</ets> to

cheat, gull.]</ety> <def>To trick, cheat, or impose on; to

deceive.</def> \'bdTricks to <xex>cully</xex> fools.\'b8



<au>Pomfret.</au>



<hw>Cul"ly*ism</hw> <pr>(-?z'm)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

state of being a cully.</def>



<q>Less frequent instances of eminent <qex>cullyism</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spectator.</qau>



<hw>Cul<?/<?/</hw> <pr>(k?lm)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>culmus</ets> stark, stem; akin to <ets>colasmus</ets>.

See<er>Halm</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The stalk or stem

of grain and grasses (including the bamboo), jointed and usually

hollow.</def>



<hw>Culm</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Perh. from W. <ets>cwlm</ets>

knot or tie, applied to this species of coal, which is much found

in balls or knots in some parts of Wales: cf. OE.

<ets>culme</ets> smoke, soot.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>Mineral coal that is not bituminous;

anthracite, especially when found in small masses.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The waste of the Pennsylvania anthracite mines,

consisting of fine coal, dust, etc., and used as fuel.</def>



<au> Raymond.</au>



<hw>\'d8Cul"men</hw> <pr>(k?l"m?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

fr. <ets>cellere</ets> (in comp.) to impel; cf. <ets>celsus</ets>

pushed upward, lofty.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Top; summit;

acme.</def>



<au>R. North.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The dorsal ridge of a

bird's bill.</def>



<hw>Cul*mif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(k?l-m?f"?r-?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>culmus</ets> stalk or stem + <ets>-ferous</ets>:

cf. F. <ets>culmif<?/re</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having jointed stems

or culms.</def>



<-- p. 355 -->



<hw>Cul*mif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(k?l-m?f"?r-?s)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos><ety>[2d <ets>culm + -ferous</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Containing, or abounding in, culm or

glance coal.</def>



<hw>Cul"mi*nal</hw> <pr>(k?l"m?-nal)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to a culmen.</def>



<hw>Cul"mi*nant</hw> <pr>(-n<it>a</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Being vertical, or at the highest point of altitude; hence,

predominant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Cul"mi*nate</hw> <pr>(k?l"m?-n?t)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Culminated</er>

<pr>(-n?`t?d)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Culminating</er> (-n<?/`t<?/ng.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>cuimen</ets> top or ridge. See <er>Column</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To reach its highest point of altitude; to come

to the meridian; to be vertical or directly overhead.</def>



<q>As when his beams at noon

<qex>Culminate</qex> from the equator.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To reach the highest point, as of rank, size,

power, numbers, etc.</def>



<q>The reptile race <qex>culminated</qex> in the secondary

era.</q>

<qau>Dana.</qau>



<q>The house of Burgundy was rapidly <qex>culminating</qex>.</q>

<qau>Motley.</qau>



<hw>Cul"mi*nate</hw> <pr>(k?l"m?-n?t)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Growing upward, as distinguished from a laterral growth; --

applied to the growth of corals.</def>



<au>Dana.</au>



<hw>Cul"mi*na"tion</hw> <pr>(k?l`m?-n?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F.<ets>culmination</ets>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

attainment of the highest point of altitude reached by a

heavently body; passage across the meridian; transit.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Attainment or arrival at the highest pitch of

glory, power, etc.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cul"pa</hw> <pr>(k?l"p?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Negligence or fault, as

distinguishable from <xex>dolus</xex> (deceit, fraud), which

implies intent, <xex>culpa</xex> being imputable to defect of

intellect, <xex>dolus</xex> to defect of heart.</def>



<au>Wharton.</au>



<hw>Cul`pa*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(k?l`p?-b?l`?-t?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Culpabilities</plw>

<pr>(-t<?/z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>culpabilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state of being

culpable.</def>



<hw>Cul"pa*ble</hw> <pr>(k?l"p?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[OE. <ets>culpable</ets>, <ets>coulpable</ets>,

<ets>coupable</ets>, F. <ets>coupable</ets>, formerly also

<ets>coupable</ets>, formerly also <ets>coulpable</ets>,

<ets>culpable</ets>, fr. L. <ets>culpabilis</ets>, fr.

<ets>culpare</ets> to blame, fr. <ets>culpa</ets> fault.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Deserving censure; worthy of blame; faulty;

immoral; criminal.</def>



<au>State Trials (1413).</au>



<q>If he acts according to the best reason he hath, he is not

<qex>culpable</qex>, though he be mistaken in his measures.</q>

<qau>Sharp.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Guilty; <as>as, <ex>clpable</ex> of a

crime</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



-- <wordforms><wf>Cul"pa*ble*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos> --

<wf>Cul"pa*bly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Cul"pa*to*ry</hw> <pr>(-t?-r?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Expressing blame; censuring; reprehensory;

inculpating.</def>



<q>Adjectives . . . commonly used by Latian authors in a

<qex>culpatory</qex> sense.</q>

<qau>Walpole.</qau>



<hw>Culpe</hw> <pr>(k?lp)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>coulpe</ets>, fr.L.<ets>culpa</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Blameworthiness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Banished out of the realme . . . without <qex>culpe</qex>.</q>

<qau>E. Hall.</qau>



<hw>Cul"pon</hw> <pr>(k?l"p?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Coupon</er>.]</ety> <def>A shered; a fragment; a strip of

wood.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Cul"prit</hw> <pr>(k?l"pr?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob.

corrupted for <ets>culpate</ets>, fr. Law Latin

<ets>culpatus</ets> the accused, <ets>p</ets>. <ets>p</ets>. of

L. <ets>culpare</ets> to blame. See <er>Culpable</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>One accused of, or ar<?/aigned for, a crime, as

before a judge.</def>



<q>An author is in the condition of a <qex>culprit</qex>; the

public are his judges.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One quilty of a fault; a criminal.</def>



<hw>Cul"rage</hw> <pr>(k?l"r?j)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>culrage</ets>, <ets>culrache</ets>; prob. fr. F.

<ets>cul</ets> the buttok + F. & E. <ets>rage</ets>; F.

<ets>curage</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Smartweed

(<spn>Polygonum Hydropiper</spn>).</def>



<hw>Cult</hw> <pr>(k?lt)</pr> <pos>n .</pos><ety>[F.

<ets>culte</ets>, L. <ets>cultus</ets> care, culture, fr.

<ets>colere</ets> to cultivate. Cf. <er>Cultus</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Attentive care; homage; worship.</def>



<q>Every one is convinced of the reality of a better self, and

of. the<qex>cult</qex> or homage which is due to it.</q>

<qau>Shaftesbury.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A system of religious belief and worship.</def>



<q>That which was the religion of Moses is the ceremonial or

<qex>cult</qex> of the religion of Christ.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<hw>Cultch</hw> <pr>(k?lch;224)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.

uncertain.]</ety> <def>Empty oyster shells and other substances

laid down on oyster grounds to furnish points for the attachment

of the spawn of the oyster.</def> <altsp>[Also written

<asp>cutch</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Cul"ter</hw> <pr>(k?l"t?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A colter. See <er>Colter</er>.</def>



<hw>Cul`ti*ros"tral</hw> <pr>(-t?-r?s"tral)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[See <er>Cultirostres</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>Having a bill shaped like the colter of a plow, or like a

knife, as the heron, stork, etc.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cul`ti*ros"tres</hw> <pr>(-tr?z)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>culter</ets> colter of a plow, knife +

<ets>rostrum</ets> bill.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

tribe of wading birds including the stork, heron, crane,

etc.</def>



<hw>Cul"ti*va*ble</hw> <pr>(k?l"t?-v?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>cultivable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being

cultivated or tilled.</def>



<au>Todd.</au>



<hw>Cul"ti*va`ta*ble</hw> <pr>(k?l"t?-v?`t?-b'l)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <def>Cultivable.</def>



<hw>Cul"ti*vate</hw> <pr>(k?l"t?-v?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Cultivated</er>

<pr>(-v?`t?d)</pr>; <pos>p.pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Cultivating</er> <pr>(-v?`-t\'b5ng)</pr>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[LL. <ets>cultivatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>cultivare</ets> to

cultivate, fr. <ets>cultivus</ets> cultivated, fr. L.

<ets>cultus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>colere</ets> to till, cultivate.

Cf. <er>Colony</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To bestow attention,

care, and labor upon, with a view to valuable returns; to till;

to fertilize; <as>as, to <ex>cultivate</ex> soil</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To direct special attention to; to devote time

and thought to; to foster; to cherish.</def>



<q>Leisure . . . to <qex>cultivate</qex> general literature.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To seek the society of; to court intimacy

with.</def>



<q>I ever looked on Lord Keppel as one of the greatest and best

men of his age; and I loved and <qex>cultivated</qex> him

accordingly.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To improve by labor, care, or study; to impart

culture to; to civilize; to refine.</def>



<q>To <qex>cultivate</qex> the wild, licentious savage.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<q>The mind of man hath need to be prepared for piety and virtue;

it must be <qex>cultivated</qex> to the end.</q>

<qau>Tillotson.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To raise or produce by tillage; to care for

while growing; <as>as, to <ex>cultivate</ex> corn or

grass</as>.</def>



<hw>Cul`ti*va"tion</hw> <pr>(k?l`t?-v?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>cultivation</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

art or act of cultivating; improvement for agricultural purposes

or by agricultural processes; tillage; production by

tillage.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Bestowal of time or attention for

self-improvement or for the benefit of others; fostering

care.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The state of being cultivated; advancement in

physical, intellectual, or moral condition; refinement;

culture.</def>



<q>Italy . . . was but imperfectly reduced to

<qex>cultivation</qex> before the irruption of the

barbarians.</q>

<qau>Hallam.</qau>



<hw>Cul"ti*va`tor</hw> <pr>(k?l"t?-v?`t?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>cultivateur</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>One who cultivates; <as>as, a

<ex>cultivator</ex> of the soil; a <ex>cultivator</ex> of

literature.</as></def>



<au>Whewell.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An agricultural implement used in the tillage of

growing crops, to loosen the surface of the earth and kill the

weeds; esp., a triangular frame set with small shares, drawn by a

horse and by handles.</def>



<note><hand/ In a broader signification it includes any complex

implement for pulverizing or stirring the surface of the soil, as

harrows, grubbers, horse hoes, etc.</note>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cul"trate</hw> <pr>(k?l"tr?t)</pr>,

<hw>Cul"tra*ted</hw> <pr>(-tr?-t?d)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>cultratus</ets> knife-shaped,

from<ets>culter</ets>, <ets>cultri</ets>, knife.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Sharp-edged and pointed; shaped

like a pruning knife, as the beak of certain birds.</def>



<hw>Cul"tri*form</hw> <pr>(-tr?-f?rm)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>culter</ets>, <ets>cultri</ets>, knife +

<ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Shaped

like a pruning knife; cultrate.</def>



<hw>Cul*triv"o*rous</hw> <pr>(k?l-tr?b"?-r?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>culter</ets>, <ets>cultri</ets>, knife +

<ets>vorare</ets> to devour.]</ety> <def>Devouring knives;

swallowing, or pretending to swallow, knives; -- applied to

persons who have swallowed, or have seemed to swallow, knives

with impunity.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>Cul"tur*a*ble</hw> <pr>(k?l"t?r-?-b'l; 135)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of, or fit for, being cultivated;

capable or becoming cultured.</def>



<au>London Spectator.</au>



<hw>Cul"tur*al</hw> <pr>(k?l"t?r-a]/>l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Of or pertaining to culture.</def>



<hw>Cul"ture</hw> <pr>(k?l"t?r; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>culture</ets>, L. <ets>cultura</ets>, fr. <ets>colere</ets>

to till, cultivate; of uncertain origin. Cf.

<er>Colony</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or practice of

cultivating, or of preparing the earth for seed and raising crops

by tillage; <as>as, the <ex>culture</ex> of the soil</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of, or any labor or means employed for,

training, disciplining, or refining the moral and intellectual

nature of man; as. the <xex>culture</xex> of the mind.</def>



<q>If vain our toil

We ought to blame the<qex>culture</qex>, not the soil.</q>

<qau>Pepe.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The state of being cultivated; result of

cultivation; physical improvement; enlightenment and discipline

acquired by mental and moral training; civilization; refinement

in manners and taste.</def>



<q>What the Greeks expressed by their <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/, the

Romans by their <qex>humanitas</qex>, we less happily try to

express by the more artificial word <qex>culture</qex>.</q>

<qau>J. C. Shairp.</qau>



<q>The list of all the items of the general life of a people

represents that whole which we call its <qex>culture</qex>.</q>

<qau>Tylor.</qau>



<cs><col>Culture fluid</col>, <cd>a fluid in which the germs of

microscopic organisms are made to develop, either for purposes of

study or as a means of modifying their virulence.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cul"ture</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. &

p.p.</pos> <er>Cultured</er> <pr>(-t?rd; 135)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &

vb. n.</pos> <er>Culturing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cultivate;

to educate.</def>



<q>They came . . . into places well inhabited and

<qex>cultured</qex>.</q>

<qau>Usher.</qau>



<hw>Cul"tured</hw> <pr>(k?l"t?rd)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Under culture; cultivated.</def> \'bd<xex>Cultured</xex>

vales.\'b8



<au>Shenstone.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Characterized by mental and moral training;

disciplined; refined; well-educated.</def>



<q>The sense of beauty in nature, even among <qex>cultured</qex>

people, is less often met with than other mental endowments.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<q>The cunning hand and <qex>cultured</qex> brain.</q>

<qau>Whittier.</qau>



<hw>Cul"ture*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no

culture.</def>



<hw>Cul"tur*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

cultivator.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who is an advocate of culture.</def>



<q>The <qex>culturists</qex>, by which term I mean not those who

esteem culture (as what intelligent man does not<?/) but those

its exclusive advocates who recommend it as the panacea for all

the ills of humanity, for its effects in cultivating the whole

man.</q>

<qau>J. C. Shairp</qau>



<hw>\'d8Cul"tus</hw> <pr>(k?l"t?s)</pr>, <pos>n. sing. &

pl</pos>.; E. <plu>pl.<plw>Cultuses</plw> <pr>(-<?/z)</pr>.</plu>

<ety>[L., cultivation, culture.  See <er>Cult</er>.]</ety>

<def>Established or accepted religious rites or usages of

worship; state of religious development. Cf.<er>Cult</er>,

2.</def>



<hw>Cul"tus cod`</hw> <pr>(k?d`)</pr>. <ety>[Chinook

<ets>cultus</ets> of little worth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>See <er>Cod</er>, and <xex>Buffalo cod</xex>, under

<er>Buffalo</er>.</def>



<hw>Cul"ver</hw> <pr>(k?"v?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>culfre</ets>, perh. fr. L. <ets>columba</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

dove.</def> \'bd<xex>Culver</xex> in the falcon's fist.\'b8



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Cul"ver</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Abbrev. fr.

<er>Culverin</er>.]</ety> <def>A culverin.</def>



<q>Falcon and <qex>culver</qex> on each tower

Stood prompt their deadly hail to shower.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<hw>Cul"ver*house`</hw> <pr>(-hous`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

dovecote.</def>



<hw>Cul"ver*in</hw> <pr>(k?l"v?r-?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[F.

<ets>coulevrine</ets>, prop. fem. of <ets>couleuvrin</ets> like a

serpent, fr. <ets>couleuvre</ets> adder, fr. L.

<ets>coluber</ets>, <ets>colubra</ets>.]</ety> <def>A long cannon

of the 16th century, usually an 18-pounder with serpent-shaped

handles.</def>



<q>Trump, and drum, and roaring <qex>culverin</qex>.</q>

<qau>Mac<?/ulay.</qau>



<hw>Cul"ver*key`</hw> <pr>(-k?`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A bunch of the keys or samaras of the ash tree.</def>



<au>Wright.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An English meadow plant, perhaps the columbine

or the bluebell squill (<spn>Scilla nutans</spn>).</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A girl cropping <qex>culverkeys</qex> and cowslips to make

garlands.</q>

<qau>Walton.</qau>



<hw>Cul"vert</hw> <pr>(k?l"v?rt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob.

from OF. <ets>coulouere</ets>, F. <ets>couloir</ets>, channel,

gutter, gallery, fr. <ets>couler</ets> to flow. See

<er>Cullis</er>.]</ety> <def>A transverse drain or waterway of

masonry under a road, railroad, canal, etc.; a small

bridge.</def>



<hw>Cul"ver*tail`</hw> <pr>(k?l"v?r-t?l`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>Dovetail.</def>



<hw>Cul"ver*tailed`</hw> <pr>(-t?ld`)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>United or fastened by a dovetailed joint.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cu*ma"ce*a</hw> <pr>(k?-m?"sh?-? or -s?-?)</pr>, <pos>n.

pl.</pos> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of

marine Crustacea, mostly of small size.</def>



<hw>Cum"bent</hw> <pr>(k?m"bent)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Recumbent</er>, <er>Covey</er>.]</ety> <def>Lying down;

recumbent.</def>



<au>J. Dyer.</au>



<hw>Cum"ber</hw> <pr>(k?m"b?r)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Cumbered</er>

<pr>(-b?rd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Cumbering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>combren</ets>,

<ets>cumbren</ets>,OF. <ets>combrer</ets> to hinder, from LL.

<ets>cumbrus</ets> a heap, fr. L. <ets>cumulus</ets>; cf. Skr.

<ets><?/<?/</ets> to increase, grow strong. Cf.

<er>Cumulate</er>.]</ety> <def>To rest upon as a troublesome or

useless weight or load; to be burdensome or oppressive to; to

hinder or embarrass in attaining an object, to obstruct or occupy

uselessly; to embarrass; to trouble.</def>



<q>Why asks he what avails him not in fight,

And would but <qex>cumber</qex> and retard his flight?</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>Martha was <qex>cumbered</qex> about much serving.</q>

<qau>Luke x. 40.</qau>



<q>Cut it down; why <qex>cumbereth</qex> it the ground?</q>

<qau> Luke xiii. 7.</qau>



<q>The multiplying variety of arguments, especially frivolous

ones, . . . but <qex>cumbers</qex> the memory.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<hw>Cum"ber</hw> <pr>(k?m"b?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<ets>encombre</ets> hindrance, impediment. See

Cuber,<pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <def>Trouble; embarrassment;

distress.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>comber</asp>.]</altsp>



<q>A place of much distraction and <qex>cumber</qex>.</q>

<qau> Sir H. Wotton.</qau>



<q>Sage counsel in <qex>cumber</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<hw>Cum"ber*some</hw> <pr>(k<?/m"b<?/r-s<?/m)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Burdensome or hindering, as a weight or drag;

embarrassing; vexatious; cumbrous.</def>



<q>To perform a <qex>cumbersome</qex> obedience.</q>

<qau>Sir. P. Sidney.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not easily managed; <as>as, a

<ex>cumbersome</ex> contrivance or machine</as>.</def>



<q>He holds them in utter contempt, as lumbering,

<qex>cumbersome</qex>, circuitous.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



-- <wordforms><wf>Cum"ber*some*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Cum"ber*some*ness</wf>,<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Cum"brance</hw> <pr>(k?m"br<it>a</it>ns)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Encumbrance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Extol not riches then, the toil of fools,

The wise man's <qex>cumbrance</qex>, if not snare.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Cum"bri*an</hw> <pr>(k?m"br?-a]/>n)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to Cumberland, England, or to a system of rocks

found there.</def>



<cs><col>Cumbrian system</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>the slate

or graywacke system of rocks, now included in the

<xex>Cambrian</xex> or <xex>Silurian</xex> system; -- so called

because most prominent at Cumberland.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cum"brous</hw> <pr>(k?m"br?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Rendering action or motion difficult or toilsome; serving to

obstruct or hinder; burdensome; clogging.</def>



<q>He sunk beneath the <qex>cumbrous</qex> weight.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<q>That <qex>cumbrous</qex>and unwieldy style which disfigures

English composition so extensively.</q>

<qau>De Quincey.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Giving trouble; vexatious.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A clud of <qex>cumbrous</qex> gnats.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



-- <wordforms><wf>Cum"brous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Cum"brous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Cu"mene</hw> <pr>(k?"m?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Cumin</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless oily

hydrocarbon, <chform>C6H5.C3H7</chform>, obtained by the

distillation of cuminic acid; -- called also

<altname>cumol</altname>.</def>



<hw>Cum"frey</hw> <pr>(k?m"fr?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Comfrey</er>.</def>



<hw>Cu"mic</hw> <pr>(k?"m?k)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Cuming</er>.</def>



<hw>Cu"mi*dine</hw> <pr>(k?"m?-d?n <or/ -d?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[From <er>Cumin</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A

strong, liquid, organic base, <chform>C3H7.C6H4.NH2</chform>,

homologous with aniline.</def>



<hw>Cum"in</hw> <pr>(k?m"?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[OE.<ets>comin</ets>, AS. <ets>cymen</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>cuminum</ets>, Gr.<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/; of Semitic origin,

cf. Ar. <ets>kamm<?/n</ets>, Heb. <ets>kamm<?/n</ets>; cf. OF.

<ets>comin</ets>, F. <ets>cumin</ets>. Cf.

<er>Kummel</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A dwarf

umbelliferous plant, somewhat resembling fennel (<spn>Cuminum

Cyminum</spn>), cultivated for its seeds, which have a bitterish,

warm taste, with an aromatic flavor, and are used like those of

anise and caraway.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>cummin</asp>.]</altsp>



<q>Rank-smelling rue, and <qex>cumin</qex> good for eyes.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<cs><col>Black cumin</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant

(<spn>Nigella sativa</spn>) with pungent seeds, used by the

Afghans, etc.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cu*min"ic</hw> <pr>(k?-m?n"?k)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to, or derived from, cumin, or from oil of

caraway; <as>as, <ex>cuminic</ex> acid</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Cuminic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>white

crystalline substance, <chform>C3H7.C6H4.CO2H</chform>, obtained

from oil of caraway.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cu"mi*nil</hw> <pr>(k?"m?-n?l)</pr>, <pos>n .</pos> <def>A

substance, analogous to benzil, obtained from oil of

caraway.</def>



<hw>Cu"mi*nol</hw> <pr>(-n?l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cuminic</ets> + L. <ets>ole</ets>um.]</ety> <def>A

liquid, <chform>C3H7.C6H4.CHO</chform>, obtained from oil of

caraway; -- called also <altname>cuminic

aldehyde</altname>.</def>



<hw>Cum"min</hw> <pr>(k?m"m?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Cumin</er>.</def>



<q>Ye pay tithe of mint, and <qex>cummin</qex>.</q>

<qau> Matt. xxiii. 23.</qau>



<hw>Cum"shaw</hw> <pr>(k?m"sha)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Chin.

<ets>kom-tsie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A present or bonus; --

originally applied to that paid on ships which entered the port

of Canton.</def>



<au> S. Wells Williams.</au>



<hw>Cum"shaw</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To give or make a

present to.</def>



<hw>Cu"mu-cir`ro-stra"tus</hw>

<pr>(k?`m\'b5-s?r`r?-str?"t?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Meteor.)</fld> <def>Nimbus, or rain cloud. See

<er>Nimbus</er>, and <er>Cloud</er>.</def>



<hw>Cu"mu*late</hw> <pr>(k?"m?-l?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Cumulated</er>

<pr>(-l?`t?d)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Cumulating</er> <pr>(-l?`t?ng)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>cumulatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>cumulare</ets> to heap up,

fr. <ets>cumulus</ets> a heap. See <er>Cumber</er>.]</ety>

<def>To gather or throw into a heap; to heap together; to

accumulate.</def>



<q>Shoals of shells, bedded and <qex>cumulated</qex> heap upon

heap.</q>

<qau>Woodward.</qau>



<hw>Cu`mu*la"tion</hw> <pr>(k?`m?-l?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>cumulation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of

heaping together; a heap. See <er>Accumulation</er>.</def>



<hw>Cu"mu*la*tist</hw> <pr>(k?"m?-l?-t?st)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>One who accumulates; one who collects.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Cu"mu*la*tive</hw> <pr>(k?"m?-l?-t?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>cumulatif</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Composed of parts in a heap; forming a mass;

agregated.</def> \'bdAs for knowledge which man receiveth by

teaching, it is <xex>cumulative</xex>, njt original.\'b8



<au>Bacon</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Augmenting, gaining, or giving force, by

successive additions; <as>as, a <ex>cumulative</ex> argument,

<ex>i</ex></as>. <xex>e</xex>., one whose force increases as the

statement proceeds.</def>



<q>The argument . . . is in very truth not logical and single,

but moral and <qex>cumulative</qex>.</q>

<qau>Trench.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Tending to prove

the same point to which other evidence has been offered; -- said

of evidence.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Given by same testator to

the same legatee; -- said of a legacy.</def>



<au>Bouvier.</au>  <au>Wharton.</au>



<-- p. 356 -->



<cs><col>Cumulative action</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>that

action of certain drugs, by virtue of which they produce, when

administered in small doses repeated at considerable intervals,

the same effect as if given in a single large dose.</cd> --

<col>Cumulative poison</col>, <cd>a poison the action of which is

cumulative.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Cumulative vote</col> <or/

<col>system of voting</col></mcol> <fld>(Politics)</fld>,

<cd>that system which allows to each voter as many votes as there

are persons to be voted for, and permits him to accumulate these

votes upon one person, or to distribute them among the candidates

as he pleases.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cu"mu*lose`</hw> <pr>(k?"m?-l?s`)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[From <er>Cumulus</er>.]</ety> <def>Full of heaps.</def>



<hw>Cu"mu*lo*stra"tus</hw> <pr>(k?"m?-l?-str?"t?s)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Meteor.)</fld> <def>A form of cloud. See

<er>Cloud</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cu"mu*lus</hw> <pr>(k?"m?-l?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl. <plw>Cumuli</plw> <pr>(-l<?/)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L., a

heap. See <er>Cumber</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Meteor.)</fld> <def>One

of the four principal forms of clouds. See<er>Cloud</er>.</def>



<hw>Cun</hw> <pr>(k?n)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Cond</er>.]</ety> <def>To con (a ship).</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Cun</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See 1st <er>Con</er>.]</ety>

<def>To know. See <er>Con</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Cu*nab"u*la</hw> <pr>(k?-n?b"?-l?)</pr>, <pos>n.

pl.</pos> <ety>[L., a cradle, earliest abode, fr.

<ets>cunae</ets> cradle.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The earliest

abode; original dwelling place; originals; <as>as, the

<ex>cunabula</ex> of the human race</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bibliography)</fld> <def>The extant copies of

the first or earliest printed books, or of such as were printed

in the 15th century.</def>



<hw>Cunc*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(k?nk-t?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>cunctatio</ets>, fr. <ets>cunctari</ets>, p.p.

<ets>cunctatus</ets>, to delay.]</ety> <def>Delay;

procrastination.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Carlyle.</au>



<hw>Cunc"ta*tive</hw> <pr>(k?nk"t?-t?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Slow; tardy; dilatory; causing delay.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cuno*ta"tor</hw> <pr>(k?nk-t?"t?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L., lit., a delayer; -- applied as a surname to Q. Fabius

Maximus.]</ety> <def>One who delays or lingers.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Cunc*tip"o*tent</hw> <pr>(k?nk-t?p"?-t<it>e</it>nt)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>cunctipotens</ets>;

<ets>cunctus</ets> all + <ets>potens</ets> powerful.]</ety>

<def>All-powerful; omnipotent.</def> <mark>[R]</mark> \'bdGod

<xex>cunctipotent</xex>.\'b8



<au>Neale (Trans. Rhythm of St. Bernard).</au>



<hw>Cund</hw> <pr>(k\'b5nd)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Cond</er>.]</ety> <def>To con (a ship).</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Cun`du*ran"go</hw> <pr>(k?n`d?-r?n"g?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The bark of a South American vine

(<spn>Gonolobus Condurango</spn>) of the Milkweed family. It has

been supposed, but erroneously, to be a cure for cancer.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>condurango</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Cu"ne*al</hw> <pr>(k?"n?-a]/>l)</pr>, <ety>[L.

<ets>cuneus</ets> a wege. See <er>Coin</er>.]</ety> <def>Relating

to a wedge; wedge-shaped.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cu"ne*ate</hw> <pr>(k?"n?-?t)</pr>,

<hw>Cu"ne*a`ted</hw> <pr>(-?`tEd)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L.<ets>cuneatus</ets>, fr. <ets>cuneus</ets> a wege

See<er>Coin</er>.]</ety> <def>Wedge-shaped; <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,

wedge-shaped, with the point at the base; <as>as, a

<ex>cuneate</ex> leaf</as>.</def>



<hw>Cu`ne*at"ic</hw> <pr>(k?`n?-?t"?k)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Cuneiform.</def> \'bd<xex>Cuneatic</xex> decipherment.\'b8



<au>Sayce.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cu*ne"i*form</hw> <pr>(k?-n?"?-f?rm)</pr>,

<hw>Cu"ni*form</hw> <pr>(k?"n?-f?rm)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>cuneus</ets> a wedge + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>cunei-forme</ets>. See <er>Coin</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Wedge-shaped; <as>as, a <ex>cuneiform</ex> bone</as>; --

especially applied to the wedge-shaped or arrowheaded characters

of ancient Persian and Assyrian inscriptions. See

<er>Arrowheaded</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Pertaining to, or versed in, the ancient

wedge-shaped characters, or the inscriptions in them.</def> \'bdA

<xex>cuneiform</xex> scholar.\'b8



<au>Rawlinson.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cu*ne"i*form</hw>, <hw>Cu"ni*form</hw>  }</mhw>,

<pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The wedge-shaped characters used

in ancient Persian and Assyrian inscriptions.</def>



<au>I. Taylor (The Alphabet).</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of the three

tarsal bones supporting the first, second third metatarsals. They

are usually designated as external, middle, and internal, or

<stype>ectocuniform</stype>, <stype>mesocuniform</stype>, and

<stype>entocuniform</stype>, respectively.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>One of the carpal bones usually articulating wich the ulna;

-- called also <altname>pyramidal</altname> and

<altname>ulnare</altname>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cu*nette"</hw> <pr>(k?-n?t")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A drain trench, in a

ditch or moat; -- called also <altname>cuvette</altname>.</def>



<hw>Cun"ner</hw> <pr>(k?n"n?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Conner</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A

small edible fish of the Atlantic coast (<spn>Ctenolabrus

adspersus</spn>); -- called also <altname>chogset</altname>,

<altname>burgall</altname>, <altname>blue perch</altname>, and

<altname>bait stealer</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>conner</asp>.]</altsp> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A small shellfish;

the limpet or patella.</def>



<hw>Cun"ning</hw> <pr>(k?n"n?ng)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>cunnan</ets> to know, to be able. See 1st <er>Con</er>,

<er>Can</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Knowing; skillfull;

dexterous.</def> \'bdA <xex>cunning</xex> workman.\'b8



<au> Ex. xxxviii. 23.</au>



<q>\'bdTis beauty truly blent, whose red and white

Nature's own sweet and <qex>cunning</qex> hand laid on.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Esau was a <qex>cunning</qex> hunter.</q>

<qau>Gen xxv. 27.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Wrought with, or exibiting, skill or ingenuity;

ingenious; curious; <as>as, <ex>cunning</ex> work</as>.</def>



<q>Over them Arachne high did lift</q>

<q>Her <qex>cunning</qex> web.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Crafty; sly; artful; designid; deceitful.</def>



<q>They are resolved to be <qex>cunning</qex>; let others run the

hazard of being sincere.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Pretty or pleasing; as, a <qex>cunning</qex>

little boy</def>. <mark>[Colloq. U.S.]</mark>



<au>Barlett.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Cunning</er>, <er>Artful</er>, <er>Sly</er>,

<er>Wily</er>, <er>Crafty</er>.</syn> <usage> These epithets

agree in expressing an aptitude for attaining some end by

peculiar and secret means. <xex>Cunning</xex> is usually low; as,

a <xex>cunning</xex> trick. <xex>Artful</xex> is more ingenious

and inventive; as, an <xex>artful</xex> device. <xex>Sly</xex>

implies a turn for what is double or concealed; as,

<xex>sly</xex> humor; a <xex>sly</xex> evasion. <xex>Crafty</xex>

denotes a talent for dexterously deceiving; as, a

<xex>crafty</xex> manager. <xex>Wily</xex> describes a talent for

the use of stratagems; as, a <xex>wily</xex> politician.

\'bdA<xex>cunning</xex> man often shows his dexterity in simply

concealing. An <xex>artful</xex> man goes further, and exerts his

ingenuity in misleading. A <xex>crafty</xex> man mingles cunning

with art, and so shapes his actions as to lull suspicions. The

young may be <xex>cunning</xex>, but the experienced only can be

<xex>crafty</xex>. <xex>Slyness</xex> is a vulgar kind of

cunning; the <xex>sly</xex> man goes cautiously and silently to

work. <xex>Wiliness</xex> is a species of cunning or craft

applicable only to cases of attack and defence.\'b8</usage>



<au>Crabb.</au>



<hw>Cun"ning</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>cunnung</ets>

trial, or Icel. <ets>kunnandi</ets> knowledge. See

<er>Cunning</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Knowledge; art; skill; dexterity.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>Let my right hand forget her <qex>cunning</qex>.</q>

<qau>Ps. cxxxvii. 5.</qau>



<q>A carpenter's desert

Stands more in <qex>cunning</qex> than in power.</q>

<qau>Chapman.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The faculty or act of using stratagem to

accomplish a purpose; fraudulent skill or dexterity; deceit;

craft.</def>



<q>Discourage <qex>cunning</qex> in a child; <qex>cunning</qex>

is the ape of wisdom.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<q>We take <qex>cunning</qex> for a sinister or crooked

wisdom.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<hw>Cun"ning*ly</hw> <pr>(k?n"n?ng-l?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>In a cunning manner; with cunning.</def>



<hw>Cun"ning*man`</hw> <pr>(-m?n`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

fortune teller; one who pretends to reveal mysteries.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Hudibras.</au>



<hw>Cun"ning*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality of being

cunning; craft.</def>



<hw>Cup</hw> <pr>(k?p)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>cuppe</ets>, LL. <ets>cuppa</ets> cup; cf. L.

<ets>cupa</ets> tub, cask; cf. also Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ hut, Skr.

<ets>k<?/pa</ets> pit, hollow, OSlav.  <ets>kupa</ets> cup. Cf.

<er>Coop</er>, <er>Cupola</er>, <er>Cowl</er> a water vessel, and

<er>Cob</er>, <er>Coif</er>, <er>Cop</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A small vessel, used commonly to drink from; <as>as, a tin

<ex>cup</ex>, a silver <ex>cup</ex>, a wine <ex>cup</ex></as>;

especially, in modern times, the pottery or porcelain vessel,

commonly with a handle, used with a saucer in drinking tea,

coffee, and the like.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The contents of such a vessel; a cupful.</def>



<q>Give me a <qex>cup</qex> of sack, boy.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Repeated potations; social or

exessive indulgence in intoxicating drinks; revelry.</def>



<q>Thence from <qex>cups</qex> to civil broils.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>That which is to be received or indured; that

which is allotted to one; a portion.</def>



<q>O my Father, if it be possible, let this <qex>cup</qex> pass

from me.</q>

<qau>Matt. xxvi. 39.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Anything shaped like a cup; <as>as, the

<ex>cup</ex> of an acorn, or of a flower</as>.</def>



<q>The cowslip's golden <qex>cup</qex> no more I see.</q>

<qau>Shenstone.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A cupping glass or other

vessel or instrument used to produce the vacuum in cupping.</def>



<cs><col>Cup and ball</col>, <cd>a familiar toy of children,

having a cup on the top of a piece of wood to which, a ball is

attached by a cord; the ball, being thrown up, is to be caught in

the cup; bilboquet. <au>Milman</au>.</cd>- <col>Cup and

can</col>, <cd>familiar companions.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Dry

cup</col>, <col>Wet cup</col></mcol> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a cup

used for <xex>dry</xex> or <xex>wet cupping</xex>. See under

<er>Cupping</er>.</cd> -- <col>To be in one's cups</col>, <cd>to

be drunk.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cup</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Cupped</er> <pr>(k?pt)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Cupping</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

supply with cups of wine.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q><qex>Cup</qex> us, till the world go round.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>To apply a cupping apparatus

to; to subject to the operation of cupping. See

<er>Cupping</er>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>To make concave or in the

form of a cup; <as>as, to <ex>cup</ex> the end of a

screw</as>.</def>



<hw>Cup"bear`er</hw> <pr>(-b?r`?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>One whose office it is to fill and hand the cups

at an enterainment.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <def>One of the attendants of a

prince or noble, permanently charged with the performance of this

office for his master.</def> \'bdI was the king's

<xex>cupbearer</xex>.\'b8



<au>Neh. i. 11.</au>



<hw>Cup"board</hw> <pr>(k?b"b?rd)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cup +

<ets>board</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A board or shelf for

cups and dishes.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon</au>.



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A small closet in a room, with shelves to

receive cups, dishes, food, etc.; hence, any small closet.</def>



<cs><col>Cupboard love</col>, <cd>interested love, or that which

has an eye to the cupboard.</cd>  \'bdA <xex>cupboard love</xex>

is seldom true.\'b8 <au>Poor Robin.</au> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

-- <col>To cry cupboard</col>, <cd>to call for food; to express

hunger.</cd>  <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> \'bdMy stomach cries

cupboard.\'b8 <au>W. Irving.</au></cs>



<hw>Cup"board</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To collect, as into a

cupboard; to hoard.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Cu"pel</hw> <pr>(k?"p?l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>cupella</ets> cup (cf. L. <ets>cupella</ets>, small cask,

dim. of <ets>cupa</ets>) : cf. F. <ets>coupelle</ets>. See

<er>Cup</er>, and cf. <er>Coblet</er>.]</ety> <def>A shallow

porus cup, used in refining precious metals, commonly made of

bone ashes (phosphate of lime).</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>coppel</asp>.]</altsp>



<cs><col>Cupel dust</col>, <cd>powder used in purifying

metals.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cu*pel"</hw> <pr>(k?-p?l")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Cupelled</er>

<pr>(-p?ld")</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Cupelling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To refine by means of a

cupel.</def>



<hw>Cu`pel*la"tion</hw> <pr>(k?`p?l-l?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[See <er>Cupel</er>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of

refining gold or silver, etc., in a cupel.</def>



<note><hand/ The process consist in exposing the cupel containing

the metal to be assayed or refined to a hot blast, by which the

lead, copper, tin, etc., are oxidized, dissolved, and carried

down into the porous cupel, leaving the unoxidizable precious

metal. If lead is not already present in the alloy it must be

added before cupellation.</note>



<hw>Cup"ful</hw> <pr>(k?p"f?l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Cupfuls</plw> <pr>(-f<?/lz)</pr>.</plu> <def>As much as a

cup will hold.</def>



<hw>Cup"-gall`</hw> <pr>(-g?l`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A kind

of oak-leaf gall. See <er>Gall</er>.</def>



<hw>Cu"pid</hw> <pr>(k?"p?d)</pr>, <pos>n .</pos>

<ety>[L.<ets>Cupido</ets>, fr. <ets>cupido</ets> desire, desire

of love, fr. <ets>cupidus</ets>. See <er>Cupidity</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Rom. Myth.)</fld> <def>The god of love, son of Venus;

usually represented as a naked, winged boy with bow and

arrow.</def>



<q>Pretty dimpled boys, like smiling <qex>cupids</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Cu*pid"i*ty</hw> <pr>(k?-p?d"?-t?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F. <ets>cupidite</ets>, L. <ets>cupiditas</ets>, fr.

<ets>cupidus</ets> longing, desiring, fr. <ets>cupere</ets> to

long for, desire. See <er>Covet</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

passionate desire; love.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Eager or inordinate desire, especially for

wealth; greed of gain; avarice; covetousness</def>.



<q>With the feelings of political distrust were mingled those of

<qex>cupidity</qex> and envy, as the Spaniard saw the fairest

provinces of the south still in the hands of the accursed race of

Ishmael.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<hw>Cup"-moss`</hw> <pr>(k?p"m?s`; 115)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of lichen, of the genus

<spn>Cladonia</spn>.</def>



<hw>Cu"po*la</hw> <pr>(k?"p?-l?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Cupolas</plw> <pr>(-l<?/z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[It.

<ets>cupola</ets>, LL. <ets>cupula</ets>, <ets>cuppula</ets> (cf.

L. <ets>cupula</ets> little tub). fr. <ets>cupa</ets>,

<ets>cuppa</ets>, cup; cf. L. <ets>cupa</ets> tub. So called on

account of its resemblance to a cup turned over. See

<er>Cup</er>, and cf.<er>Cupule</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A roof having a rounded form,

hemispherical or nearly so; also, a celing having the same form.

When on a large scale it is usually called <xex>dome</xex>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A small structure standing on the top of a dome;

a lantern.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A furnace for melting iron or other metals in

large quantity, -- used chiefly in foundries and steel

works.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A revoling shot-proof turret for heavy

ordnance.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The top of the spire of the

cochlea of the ear.</def>



<hw>Cup"per</hw> <pr>(k?p"p?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Fropm

<ets>cup</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who performs the operation of

cupping.</def>



<hw>Cup"ping</hw> <pr>(k?p"p?ng)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The operation of drawing blood to or from

the surface of the person by forming a partial vacuum over the

spot. Also, sometimes, a similar operation for drawing pus from

an abscess.</def>



<cs><col>Cupping glass</col>, <cd>a glass cup in which a partial

vacuum is produced by heat, in the process of cupping.</cd> --

<col>Dry cupping</col>, <cd>the application of a cupping

instrument without scarification, to draw blood to the surface,

produce counter irritation, etc.</cd> -- <col>Wet cupping</col>,

<cd>the operation of drawing blood by the application of a

cupping instrument after scarification.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cu"pre*ous</hw> <pr>(k?"pr?-?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cupreus</ets>, fr.  <ets>cuprum</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Consisting of copper or resembling copper; coppery.</def>



<hw>Cu"pric</hw> <pr>(k?"pr?k)</pr>, <pos>a</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Cuprum</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining

to, or derived from, copper; containing copper; -- said of those

compounds of copper in which this element is present in its

lowest proportion.</def>



<hw>Cu*prif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(k?-pr?f"?r-?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cuprum</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Containing copper; <as>as, <ex>cupriferous</ex>

silver</as>.</def>



<hw>Cu"prite</hw> <pr>(k?"pr?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>The red oxide of copper; red copper; an

important ore of copper, occurring massive and in isometric

crystals.</def>



<hw>Cu"proid</hw> <pr>(k?"proid)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cuprum</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety>

<def>(Crystalloq.) A solid related to a tetrahedron, and

contained under twelve equal triangles.</def>



<hw>Cup"-rose</hw> <pr>(k?p"r?z)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Red

poppy. See <er>Cop-rose</er>.</def>



<hw>Cu"prous</hw> <pr>(k?"pr?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Cuprum</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining

to, or derived from, copper; containing copper; -- said of those

compounds of copper in which this element is present in its

highest proportion.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cu"prum</hw> <pr>(k?"pr?m)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Copper.</def>



<hw>Cu"pu*late</hw> <pr>(k?"p?-l?t)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Having or bearing cupeles; cupuliferous.</def>



<hw>Cu"pule</hw> <pr>(k?"p?l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Cupola</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

cuplet or little cup, as the acorn; the husk or bur of the

filbert, chestnut, etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A sucker or

acetabulum.</def>



<hw>Cu`pu*lif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(k?`p?-l?f"?r-?s)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Cupule</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>: cf.

F. <ets>cupulif<?/re</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of, pertaining to, or

resembling, the family of plants ot which the oak and the

chestnut are examples, -- trees bearing a smooth, solid nut

inclosed in some kind of cup or bur; bearing, or furnished with,

a cupule.</def>



<hw>Cur</hw> <pr>(k?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>curre</ets>, <ets>kur</ets>; cf. dial. Sw. <ets>kurre</ets>

dog, OD.  <ets>korre</ets> watchdog, and Icel. <ets>kurra</ets>

to murmur, grumble, Sw. <ets>kurra</ets> to rumble, croak, Dan.

<ets>kurre</ets> to coo, whirr; prob. of imitative origin.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A mongrel or inferior dog.</def>



<q>They . . . like to village <qex>curs</qex>,

Bark when their fellows do.</q>

<qau> Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A worthless, snarling fellow; -- used in

contempt.</def>



<q>What would you have, you <qex>curs</qex>,

That like nor peace nor war?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Cur`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(k?r`?-b?l"?-t?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>The state of being curable; curableness.</def>



<hw>Cur"a*ble</hw> <pr>(k?r"?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>curable</ets>. See <er>Cure</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>

<def>Capable of being cured; admitting remedy.</def>

\'bd<xex>Curable</xex> diseases.\'b8 <au>Harvey</au>. --

<wordforms><wf>Cur"a*ble*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos> --

<wf>Cur`a*bly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cu`ra*\'87ao"</hw>, <hw>Cu`ra*\'87oa"</hw>, }</mhw>

<pr>(k??`r?-s?")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A liqueur, or cordial,

flavored with orange peel, cinnamon, and mace; -- first made at

the island of <xex>Cura\'87cao</xex>.</def>



<hw>Cu"ra*cy</hw> <pr>(k?"r?-s?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Curacies</plw> <pr>(-s<?/z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[See

<er>Cure</er>, <er>Curate</er>.]</ety> <def>The office or

employment of a curate.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cu*ra"re</hw> <hw>Cu*ra"ri</hw> }</mhw>

<pr>(k?-r?"r?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Native name. Cf.

<er>Wourall</er>.]</ety> <def>A black resinoid extract prepared

by the South American Indians from the bark of several species of

<spn>Strychnos</spn> (<spn>S. toxifera</spn>, etc.). It sometimes

has little effect when taken internally, but is quickly fatal

when introduced into the blood, and used by the Indians as an

arrow poison.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>urari</asp>,

<asp>woorali</asp>, <asp>woorari</asp>, etc.]</altsp>



<hw>Cu"ra*rine</hw> <pr>(k?"r?-r?n <or/ k?-r?"r?n; 104)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A deadly alkaloid extracted

from the curare poison and from the <spn>Strychnos

toxifera</spn>. It is obtained in crystalline colorless

salts.</def>



<hw>Cu"ra*rize</hw> <pr>(-r?z)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

poison with curare.</def>



<hw>Cu*ras"sow</hw> <pr>(k?-r?s"s?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Native name in Brazil.]</ety> <fld>(Zool.)</fld> <def>A

large gallinaceous bird of the American genera <spn>Crax</spn>,

<spn>Ourax</spn>, etc., of the family

<spn>Cracid\'91</spn>.</def>



<note><hand/ The crested curassow (<spn>Crax alector</spn>) is

black, and about the size of a small hen-turkey, with an erectile

crest of curled feathers. It ranges from Mexico to Brazil. The

galeated curassow or cushew bird (<spn>Ourax Pauxi</spn>) is

similar in size, and has a large, hollow, blue, pear-shaped

protuberance on the head.</note>



<hw>Cu"rat</hw> <pr>(k?"r?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[See<er>Cuirass</er>.]</ety> <def>A cuirass or

breastplate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<-- p. 357 -->



<hw>Cu"rate</hw> <pr>(k?"r?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>curatus</ets>, prop., one who is charged with the care (L.

<ets>cura</ets>) of souls. See <er>Cure</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, and

cf. <er>Cur<?/</er>]</ety> <def>One who has the cure souls;

originally, any clergyman, but now usually limited to one who

assist a rector or vicar</def>



<au>Hook.</au>



<q>All this the good old man performed alone,

He spared no pains, for <qex>curate</qex> he had none.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Cu"rate*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A curacy.</def>



<hw>Cu*ra"tion</hw> <pr>(k?-r?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. OF.<ets>curacion</ets>.]</ety> <def>Cure;

healing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Cur"a*tive</hw> <pr>(k?r"?-t?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F.<ets>curatif</ets>. See <er>Cure</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>

<def>Relating to, or employed in, the cure of diseases; tending

to cure.</def>



<au>Arbuthnot.</au>



<hw>Cu*ra"tor</hw> <pr>(k?-r?"t?r)</pr>. <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

fr. <ets>curare</ets> to take care of, fr. <ets>cura</ets>

care.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who has the care and

superintendence of anything, as of a museum; a custodian; a

keeper.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One appointed to act as guardian of the estate

of a person not legally competent to manage it, or of an

absentee; a trustee; a guardian.</def>



<hw>Cu*ra"tor*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The office of a

curator.</def>



<hw>Cu*ra"trix</hw> <pr>(-tr?ks)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A woman who cures.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A woman who is a guardian or custodian.</def>



<au>Burrill.</au>



<hw>Curb</hw> <pr>(k?rb)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Curbed</er>

<pr>(k?rbd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Curbing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>courber</ets> to

bend, curve, L.<ets>curvare</ets>, fr. <ets>curvus</ets> bent,

curved; cf. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ curved. Cf.

<er>Curve</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To bend or curve</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Crooked and <qex>curbed</qex> lines.</q>

<qau>Holland.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To guide and manage, or restrain, as with a

curb; to bend to one's will; to subject; to subdue; to restrain;

to confine; to keep in check.</def>



<q>Part wield their arms, part <qex>curb</qex> the foaming

steed.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>Where pinching want must <qex>curb</qex>thy warm desires.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To furnish wich a curb, as a well; also, to

restrain by a curb, as a bank of earth.</def>



<hw>Curb</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To bend; to crouch; to

cringe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Virtue itself of vice must pardon beg,

Yea, <qex>curb</qex> and woo for leave to do him good.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Curb</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which curbs,

restrains, or subdues; a check or hindbrance; esp., a chain or

strap attached to the upper part of the branches of a bit, and

capable of being drawn tightly against the lower jaw of the

horse.</def>



<q>He that before ran in the pastures wild

Felt the stiff <qex>curb</qex> control his angry jaws.</q>

<qau>Drayton.</qau>



<q><qex>By these men</qex>, <qex>religion</qex>,<qex>that should

be</qex>

The <qex>curb</qex>, is made the spur of tyranny.</q>

<qau>Denham.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An assemblage of three or

more pieces of timber, or a metal member, forming a frame around

an opening, and serving to maintain the integrity of that

opening; also, a ring of stone serving a similar purpose, as at

the eye of a dome.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A frame or wall round the mouth of a well; also,

a frame within a well to prevent the earth caving in.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A curbstone.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A swelling on the back part of

the hind leg of a horse, just behind the lowest part of the hock

joint, generally causing lameness.</def>



<au>James Law.</au>



<cs><col>Curb bit</col>, <cd>a stiff bit having branches by which

a leverage is obtained upon the jaws of horse.

<au>Knight</au>.</cd> -- <col>Curb pins</col>

<fld>(Horology)</fld>, <cd>the pins on the regulator which

restrain the hairspring.</cd> -- <col>Curb plate</col>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a plate serving the purpose of a

curb.</cd> -- <col>Deck curb</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Deck</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Curb"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no curb or

restraint.</def>



<hw>Curb" roof`</hw> <pr>(r??f`)</pr>. <def>A roof having a

double slope, or composed, on each side, of two parts which have

unequal inclination; a gambrel roof.</def>



<hw>Curb"stone`</hw> <pr>(k?rb"st?n`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

stone <?/et along a margin as a and protection, as along the edge

of a sidewalk next the roadway; an edge stone.</def>



<cs><col>Curbstone broker</col>.<cd>See under

<er>Broker</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Curch</hw> <pr>(k??rch)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Courche</er>.</def>



<hw>Cur*cu"li*o</hw> <pr>(k?r-r?"l?-?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl. <plw>Curculios</plw> <pr>(-<?/z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L., a

grain weevil.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a large

group of beetles (<spn>Rhynchophora</spn>) of many genera; --

called also <altname>weevils</altname>, <altname>snout

beetles</altname>, <altname>billbeetles</altname>, and

<altname>billbugs</altname>. Many of the species are very

destructive, as the plum curculio, the corn, grain, and rice

weevils, etc.</def>



<hw>Cur`cu*li*on"i*dous</hw> <pr>(k?r`-k?-l?-?n"?-d?s)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the

<spn>Curculionide\'91</spn>, or weevil tribe.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cur"cu*ma</hw> <pr>(k?r"k?-m?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F., It., & Sp. <ets>curcuma</ets>; all fr. Ar.

<ets>kurkum</ets>. Cf. <er>Turmeric</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants of the order

<spn>Scitamine\'91</spn>, including the turmeric plant

(<spn>Curcuma longa</spn>).</def>



<cs><col>Curcuma paper</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See

<cref>Turmeric paper</cref>, under <er>Turmeric</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cur"cu*min</hw> <pr>(-m?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The coloring principle of turmeric, or

curcuma root, extracted as an orange yellow crystalline

substance, <chform>C14H14O4</chform>, with a green

fluorescence.</def>



<note><hand/ It possesses acid properties and with alkalies forms

brownish salts. This change in color from yellow to brown is the

characteristic reaction of tumeric paper. See <cref>Turmeric

paper</cref>, under <er>Turmeric</er>.</note>



<hw>Curd</hw> <pr>(k?rd)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Of Celtic

origin; cf. Gael. <ets>gruth</ets>, Ir, <ets>gruth</ets>,

<ets>cruth</ets>, curd, <ets>cruthaim</ets> I milk.]</ety>

<altsp>[Sometimes written <asp>crud</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The coagulated or thickened part of milk, as distingushed

from the whey, or watery part. It is eaten as food, especially

when made into cheese.</def>



<q><qex>Curds</qex> and cream, the flower of country fare.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The coagulated part of any liquid.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The edible flower head of certain brassicaceous

plants, as the broccoli and cauliflower.</def>



<q>Broccoli should be cut while the <qex>curd</qex>, as the

flowering mass is termed, is entire.</q>

<qau>R. Thompson.</qau>



<q>Cauliflowers should be cut for use while the head, or

<qex>curd</qex>, is still close and compact.</q>

<qau>F. Burr.</qau>



<hw>Curd</hw> <pr>(k?rd)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Curded</er>;<pos>p. pr.

&\'b5 vb. n.</pos> <er>Curding</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cause

to coagulate or thicken; to cause to congeal; to curdle.</def>



<q>Does it <qex>curd</qex> thy blood

To say I am thy mother?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Curd</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To become coagulated or

thickened; to separate into curds and whey</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Curd"i*ness</hw> <pr>(-?-n?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

state of being curdy.</def>



<hw>Cur"dle</hw> <pr>(k?r"d'l)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Curd</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Sometimes written <asp>crudle</asp>

and <asp>cruddle</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To change into

curd; to coagulate; <as>as, rennet causes milk to

<ex>curdle</ex></as>.</def>



<au>Thomson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To thicken; to congeal.</def>



<q>Then Mary could feel her heart's blood <qex>curdle</qex>

cold.</q>

<qau>Southey.</qau>



<hw>Cur"dle</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. &

p.p.</pos> <er>Curdled</er> <pr>(-d'ld)</pr>; <pos>p.pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Curdling</er> <pr>(-dl?ng)</pr>.]</wordforms>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To change into curd; to cause to

coagulate.</def> \'bdTo <xex>curdle</xex> whites of eggs\'b8



<au>Boyle.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To congeal or thicken.</def>



<q>My chill blood is <qex>curdled</qex> in my veins.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Curd"less</hw> <pr>(k?rd"l?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Destitute of curd.</def>



<hw>Curd"y</hw> <pr>(k?rd"?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like curd;

full of curd; coagulated.</def> \'bdA <xex>curdy</xex> mass.\'b8



<au>Arbuthnot.</au>



<hw>Cure</hw>> <pr>(k<?/r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF,

<ets>cure</ets> care, F., also, cure, healing, cure of souls, L.

<ets>cura</ets> care, medical attendance, cure; perh. akin to

<ets>cavere</ets> to pay heed, E. <ets>cution</ets>.

<ets>Cure</ets> is not related to <ets>care</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Care, heed, or attention.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark></q>



<q>Of study took he most <qex>cure</qex> and most heed.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<q>Vicarages of great<qex>cure</qex>, but small value.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Spiritual charge; care of soul; the office of a

parish priest or of a curate; hence, that which is committed to

the charge of a parish priest or of a curate; a curacy; <as>as,

to resign a <ex>cure</ex>; to obtain a <ex>cure</ex>.</as></def>



<q>The appropriator was the incumbent parson, and had the

<qex>cure</qex> of the souls of the parishioners.</q>

<qau>Spelman.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Medical or hygienic care; remedial treatment of

disease; a method of medical treatment; <as>as, to use the water

<ex>cure</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Act of healing or state of being healed;

restoration to health from disease, or to soundness after

injury.</def>



<q>Past hope! past<qex>cure</qex>! past help.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>I do <qex>cures</qex> to-day and to-morrow.</q>

<qau>Luke xii. 32.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Means of the removal of disease or evil; that

which heals; a remedy; a restorative.</def>



<q>Cold, hunger, prisons, ills without a <qex>cure</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>The proper <qex>cure</qex> of such prejudices.</q>

<qau>Bp. Hurd.</qau>



<hw>Cure</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp.& p.p.</pos>

<er>Cured</er> <pr>(k?rd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Curing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>curer</ets> to take

care, to heal, F., only, to cleanse, L. <ets>curare</ets> to take

care, to heal, fr.  <ets>cura</ets>. See <er>Cure</er>,.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To heal; to restore to health, soundness, or

sanity; to make well; -- said of a patient.</def>



<q>The child was <qex>cured</qex> from that very hour.</q>

<qau>Matt. xvii. 18.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To subdue or remove by remedial means; to

remedy; to remove; to heal; -- said of a malady.</def>



<q>To <qex>cure</qex> this deadly grief.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Then he called his twelve disciples together, and gave them

power . . . to <qex>cure</qex> diseases.</q>

<qau>Luke ix. 1.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To set free from (something injurious or

blameworthy), as from a bad habit.</def>



<q>I never knew any man <qex>cured</qex> of inattention.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To prepare for preservation or permanent

keeping; to preserve, as by drying, salting, etc.; <as>as, to

<ex>cure</ex> beef or fish; to <ex>cure</ex> hay.</as></def>



<hw>Cure</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To pay heed; to

care; to give attention.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To restore health; to effect a cure.</def>



<q>Whose smile and frown, like to Achilles' spear,

Is able with the change to kill and <qex>cure</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To become healed.</def>



<q>One desperate grief <qex>cures</qex> with another's

languish.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Cu`r<?/"</hw> <pr>(k?`r?")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,

fr. LL. <ets>curatus</ets>. See <er>Curate</er>.]</ety> <def>A

curate; a pardon.</def>



<hw>Cure"*all`</hw> <pr>(k?r"?l`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

remedy for all diseases, o<?/ for all ills; a panacea.</def>



<hw>Cure"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Incapable of cure;

incurable.</def>



<q>With patience undergo

A <qex>cureless</qex> ill, since fate will have it so.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Cur"er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who cures; a healer; a physician.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who prepares beef, fish, etc., for

preservation by drying, salting, smoking, etc.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cu*rette"</hw> <pr>(k?-r?t")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[F.,

fr. <ets>curer</ets> to cleanse.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A

scoop or ring with either a blunt or a cutting edge, for removing

substances from the walls of a cavity, as from the eye, ear, or

womb.</def>



<hw>Cur"few</hw> <pr>(k?r"f?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>courfew</ets>, <ets>curfu</ets>, fr. OF.

<ets>cuevrefu</ets>, <ets>covrefeu</ets>, F.

<ets>couvre-feu</ets>; <ets>covrir</ets> to cover +

<ets>feu</ets> fire, fr. L. <ets>focus</ets> fireplace, hearth.

See <er>Cover</er>, and <er>Focus</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The ringing of an evening bell, originally a signal to the

inhabitants to cover fires, extinguish lights, and retire to

rest, -- instituted by William the Conqueror; also, the bell

itself.</def>



<q>He begins at <qex>curfew</qex>, and walks till the first

cock.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>The village <qex>curfew</qex>, as it tolled profound.</q>

<qau>Campbell.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A utensil for covering the fire.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>For pans, pots, <qex>curfews</qex>, counters and the like.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Cu"ri*a</hw> <pr>(k?"r?-?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Curle</plw> <pr>(-<?/)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of the

thirty parts into which the Roman people were divided by

Romulus.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The place of assembly of one of

these divisions.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The place where the

meetings of the senate were held; the senate house.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Middle Ages)</fld> <def>The court of a

sovereign or of a feudal lord; also; his residence or his

household.</def>



<au>Burrill.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Any court of justice.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The Roman See in its temporal aspects, including

all the machinery of administration; -- called also

<altname>curia Romana</altname>.</def>



<hw>Cu"ri*a*lism</hw> <pr>(k?"r?-?-l?z'm)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>The wiew or doctrins of the ultramontane party in the Latin

Church.</def>



<au>Gladstone.</au>



<hw>Cu"ri*a*list</hw> <pr>(k?"r?-?-l?st)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>One who belongs to the ultramontane party in the Latin

Church.</def>



<au>Shipley.</au>



<hw>Cu`ri*a*lis"tic</hw> <pr>(-l?s"t?k)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L.<ets>curialis</ets> belonging to the imperial court, fr.

<ets>curia</ets>, LL., also, counselors and retinue of a

king.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Pertaining to a court.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Relating or belonging to the ultramonate party

in the Latin Church.</def>



<hw>Cu`ri*al"i*ty</hw> <pr>(-?l"?-t?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>curialitas</ets> courtesy, fr.

<ets>curialis</ets>.]</ety> <def>The privileges, prerogatives, or

retinue of a court.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Cu"ri*et</hw> <pr>(k?"r?-?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

cuirass.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Cur"ing</hw> <pr>(k?r"?ng)</pr>, <def><pos>p. a. & vb.

n.</pos> of <er>Cure</er>.</def>



<cs><col>Curing house</col>, <cd>a building in which anything is

cured; especially, in the West Indies, a building in which sugar

is drained and dried.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cu"ri*o</hw> <pr>(k?"r?-?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl.<plw>Curios</plw> <pr>(-<?/z)</pr>.</plu>

<ety>[Abbreviation of <ets>curiosity</ets>.]</ety> <def>Any

curiosity or article of virtu.</def><-- correct spelling! -->



<q>The busy world, which does not hunt poets as collectors hunt

for <xex>curios</xex>.</q>

<qau>F. Harrison.</qau>



<hw>Cu`ri*o*log"ic</hw> <pr>(-?-l?j"?k)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ speaking literally

(applied to curiologic hieroglyphics); <?/<?/<?/<?/

authoritative, proper + <?/<?/<?/ word, thought.

CF.<er>Cyriologic</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to a rude kind of

hieroglyphics, in which a thing is represented by its picture

instead of by a symbol.</def>



<hw>Cu`ri*os"i*ty</hw> <pr>(k?`r?-?s"?-t?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl. <plw>Curiosities</plw> <pr>(-t<?/z)</pr>.</plu>

<ety>[OE. <ets>curiouste</ets>, <ets>curiosite</ets>, OF.

<ets>curioset\'82</ets>, <ets>curiosit\'82</ets>, F. 

<ets>curiosit<?/</ets>, fr. L. <ets>curiositas</ets>, fr.

<ets>curiosus</ets>. See <er>Currious</er>, and cf.

<er>Curio</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The state or quality or

being curious; nicety; accuracy; exactness; elaboration.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<q>When thou wast in thy gilt and thy perfume, they mocked thee

for too much <qex>curiosity</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>A screen accurately cut in tapiary work . . . with great

<qex>curiosity</qex>.</q>

<qau>Evelin.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Disposition to inquire, investigate, or seek

after knowledge; a desire to gratify the mind with new

information or objects of interest; inquisitiveness.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which is curious, or fitted to excite or

reward attention.</def>



<q>We took a ramble together to see the <qex>curiosities</qex> of

this great town.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<q>There hath been practiced also a <qex>curiosity</qex>, to set

a tree upon the north side of a wall, and, at a little hieght, to

draw it through the wall, etc.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Cu`ri*o"so</hw> <pr>(k??`r?-?"z? <or/ k?`r?-?"s?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Curiosos</plw> <pr>(-z<?/z

<xex>or</xex> -s<?/z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[It. See

<er>Curious</er>.]</ety> <def>A virtuoso.</def>



<hw>Cu"ri*ous</hw> <pr>(k?"r?-?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>curios</ets>, <ets>curius</ets>, F. <ets>curieux</ets>, L.

<ets>curiosus</ets> careful, inquisitive, fr. <ets>cura</ets>

care. See <er>Cure</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Difficult to

please or satisfy; solicitous to be correct; careful; scrupulous;

nice; exact.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Little <qex>curious</qex> in her clothes.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<q>How shall we,

If he be <qex>curious</qex>, work upon his faith?</q>

<qau>Bean & <?/<?/</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Exhibiting care or nicety; artfully constructed;

elaborate; wrought with elegance or skill.</def>



<q>To devise <qex>curious</qex> works.</q>

<qau>Ex. xxxv. 32</qau>



<q>His body couched in a <qex>curious</qex> bed.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Careful or anxious to learn; eager for

knowledge; given to research or inquiry; habitually inquisitive;

prying; -- sometimes with <xex>after</xex> or

<xex>of</xex>.</def>



<q>It is a pi<?/y a gentleman so very <qex>curious</qex> after

things that were elegant and beatiful should not have been as

<qex>curious</qex> as to their origin, their uses, and their

natural history.</q>

<qau>Woodward.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Exciting attention or inquiry; awakening

surprise; inviting and rewarding inquisitiveness; not simple or

plain; strange; rare.</def> \'bdA<xex>curious</xex> tale\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>A multitude of <qex>curious</qex> analogies.</q>

<qau>Mocaulay.</qau>



<q>Many a quaint and <qex>curious</qex>volume of forgotten

lore.</q>

<qau>E. A. Poe.</qau>



<q>Abstruse investigations in recondite branches of learning or

sciense often bring to light <qex>curious</qex> results.</q>

<qau>C. J. Smith.</qau>



<cs><col>Curious arts</col>, <cd>magic.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>



<q>Many . . . which used <qex>curious arts</qex> brought their

books together, and burned them.</q>

<qau>Acts xix. 19.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Inquisitive; prying. See <er>Inquisitive</er>.</syn>



<hw>Cu"ri*ous*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a curious

manner.</def>



<hw>Cu"ri*ous*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Carefulness; painstaking.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>My father's care

With <qex>curiousness</qex> and cost did train me up.</q>

<qau> Massinger.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being curious; exactness of

workmanship; ingenuity of contrivance.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Inquisitiveness; curiosity.</def>



<hw>Curl</hw> <pr>(k?rl)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. &  p. p.</pos> <er>Curled</er>

<pr>(k?rld)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Curling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Akin to D.

<ets>krullen</ets>, Dan. <ets>kr<?/lle</ets>, dial. Sw. 

<ets>krulla</ets> to curl, crisp; possibly akin to E.

<ets>crook</ets>. Cf. <er>Curl</er>, <pos>n.</pos>,

<er>Cruller</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To twist or form into

ringlets; to crisp, as the hair.</def>



<q>But <qex>curl</qex> their locks with bodkins and with

braid.</q>

<qau>Cascoigne.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To twist or make onto coils, as a serpent's

body.</def>



<q>Of his tortuous train,

<qex>Curled</qex> many a wanton wreath in sight of Eve.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To deck with, or as with, curls; to

ornament.</def>



<q>Thicker than the snaky locks

That <qex>curled</qex>Meg\'91ra.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q><qex>Curling</qex> with metaphors a plain intention.</q>

<qau>Herbert.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To raise in waves or undulations; to

ripple.</def>



<q>Seas would be pools without the brushing air

To <qex>curl</qex> the waves.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Hat Making)</fld> <def>To shape (the brim) into

a curve.</def>



<hw>Curl</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To contract or

bend into curis or ringlets, as hair; to grow in curls or

spirals, as a vine; to be crinkled or contorted; to have a curly

appearance; <as>as, leaves lie <ex>curled</ex> on the

ground</as>.</def>



<q>Thou seest it [hair] will not <qex>curl</qex> by nature.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To move in curves, spirals, or undulations; to

contract in curving outlines; to bend in a curved form; to make a

curl or curls.</def> \'bd<xex>Cirling</xex> billows.\'b8



<au>Dryden.</au>



<q>Then round her slender waist he <qex>curled</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q><qex>Curling</qex> smokes from village tops are seen.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<q>Gayly <qex>curl</qex> the waves before each dashing prow.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<q>He smiled a king of sickly smile, and <qex>curled</qex> up on

the floor.</q>

<qau>Bret Harte.</qau>



<-- p>. 358 -->



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To play at the game called

<xex>curling</xex>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Curl</hw> <pr>(k?rl)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Akin to D.

<ets>krul</ets>, Dan. <ets>kr<?/lle</ets>. See <er>Curl</er>,

<pos>v.</pos> ]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A ringlet, especially of

hair; anything of a spiral or winding form.</def>



<q>Under a coronet, his flowing hair

In <qex>curls</qex> on either cheek played.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An undulating or waving line or streak in any

substance, as wood, glass, etc.; flexure; sinuosity.</def>



<q>If the glass of the prisms . . . be without those numberless

waves or <qex>curls</qex> which usually arise from the sand

holes.</q>

<qau>Sir I. Newton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A disease in potatoes, in which the leaves, at

their first appearance, seem curled and shrunken.</def>



<cs><col>Blue curls</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See under

<er>Blue</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Curled</hw> <pr>(l?rld)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

curls; curly; sinuous; wavy; <as>as, <ex>curled</ex> maple (maple

having fibers which take a sinnuous course)</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Curled hair</col> <fld>(Com.)</fld>, <cd>the hair of the

manes and tails of horses, prepared for upholstery

purposes.</cd></cs>



<au>McElrath.</au>



<hw>Curl"ed*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>State of being curled;

curliness.</def>



<hw>Curl"er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who, or that which, curls.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A player at the game called

<xex>curling</xex>.</def>



<au>Burns.</au>



<hw>Cur"lew</hw> <pr>(k?r"l?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>courlieu</ets>, <ets>corlieu</ets>, <ets>courlis</ets>;

perh. of imitative origin, but cf. OF. <ets>corlieus</ets>

courier; L. <ets>currere</ets> to run + <ets>levis</ets>

light.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A wading bird of the

genus <spn>Numenius</spn>, remarkable for its long, slender,

curved bill.</def>



<note><hand/ The common European curlew is <spn>N.

arquatus</spn>. The long-billed (<spn>N. longirostris</spn>), the

Hudsonian (<spn>N. Hudsonicus</spn>), and the Eskimo curlew

(<spn>N. borealis</spn>, are American species. The name is said

to imitate the note of the European species.</note>



<cs><col>Curlew Jack</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>the whimbrel

or lesser curlew.</cd> -- <col>Curlew sandpiper</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a sandpiper (<spn>Tringa ferruginea,

<or/ subarquata</spn>), common in Europe, rare in America,

resembling a curlew in having a long, curved bill. See

<xex>Illustation</xex> in Appendix.</cd></cs>



<hw>Curl"i*ness</hw> <pr>(k?rl"?-n?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>State of being curly.</def>



<hw>Curl"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or

state of that which curls; <as>as, the <ex>curling</ex> of smoke

when it rises; the <ex>curling</ex> of a ringlet</as>; also, the

act or process of one who curls something, as hair, or the brim

of hats.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A scottish game in which heavy weights of stone

or iron are propelled by hand over the ice towards a mark.</def>



<q><qex>Curling</qex> . . . is an amusement of the winter, and

played on the ice, by sliding from one mark to another great

stones of 40 to 70 pounds weight, of a hemispherical form, with

an iron or wooden handle at top. The object of the player is to

lay his stone as near to the mark as possible, to guard that of

his partner, which has been well laid before, or to strike off

that of his antagonist.</q>

<qau>Pennant (Tour in Scotland. 1772).</qau>



<cs><mcol><col>Curling irons</col>, <col>Curling

tong</col></mcol>, <cd>an instrument for curling the hair; --

commonly heated when used.</cd></cs>



<hw>Curl"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With a curl, or

curls.</def>



<hw>Curl"y</hw> <pr>(k?rl"?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Curling or

tending to curl; having curls; full of ripples; crinkled.</def>



<hw>Curl"y*cue</hw> <pr>(k?rl"?-k?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F.  <ets>caracole</ets>.]</ety> <def>Some thing curled or

spiral,, as a flourish made with a pen on paper, or with skates

on the ice; a trick; a frolicsome caper.</def> <altsp>[Sometimes

written <asp>carlicue</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[ Colloq.

U.S.]</mark>



<cs><col>To cut a curlycue</col>, <cd>to make a flourish; to cut

a caper.</cd></cs>



<q>I gave a flourishing about the room and <qex>cut a

curlycue</qex> with my right foot.</q>

<qau>McClintock.</qau>



<hw>Cur*mudg"eon</hw> <pr>(k?r-m?j"?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[OE. <ets>cornmudgin</ets>, where <ets>-mudgin</ets> is

prob. from OF. <ets>muchier</ets>, <ets>mucier</ets>, F.

<ets>musser</ets> to hide; of uncertain origin; cf. OE.

<ets>muchares</ets> skulking thieves, E. <ets>miche</ets>,

<ets>micher</ets>.]</ety> <def>An avaricious, grasping fellow; a

miser; a niggard; a churl.</def>



<q>A gray-headed <qex>curmudgeon</qex> of a negro.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<hw>Cur*mudg"eon*ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a curmudgeon;

niggardly; churlish; <as>as, a <ex>curmudgeonly</ex>

fellow</as>.</def>



<hw>Cur*mur"ring</hw> <pr>(k?r-m?r"r?ng)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Murmuring; grumbling; -- sometimes applied to the rumbling

produced by a slight attack of the gripes.</def>

<mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<au>Burns.</au>



<hw>Curr</hw> <pr>(k?r)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Prob.

imitative.]</ety> <def>To coo.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<q>The owlets hoot, the owlets <qex>curr</qex>.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<hw>Cur"rant</hw> <pr>(k?r"r<it>a</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F. <ets>corinthe</ets> (raisins de <ets>Corinthe</ets>

raisins of Corinth) currant (in sense 1), from the city of

<ets>Corinth</ets> in Greece, whence, probably, the small dried

grape (1) was first imported, the <ets>Ribes</ets> fruit (2)

receiving the name from its resemblance to that grape.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A small kind of seedless raisin, imported from

the Levant, chiefly from Zante and Cephalonia; -- used in

cookery.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The acid fruit or berry of the <spn>Ribes

rubrum</spn> or common red currant, or of its variety, the white

currant.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A shrub or bush of several

species of the genus <spn>Ribes</spn> (a genus also including the

gooseberry); esp., the <spn>Ribes rubrum</spn>.</def>



<cs><col>Black currant</col>,<cd>a shrub or bush (<spn>Ribes

nigrum</spn> and <spn>R. floridum</spn>) and its black,

strong-flavored, tonic fruit.</cd> -- <col>Cherry currant</col>,

<cd>a variety of the red currant, having a strong, symmetrical

bush and a very large berry.</cd> -- <col>Currant borer</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of an insect that bores into

the pith and kills currant bushes; specif., the larvae of a small

clearwing moth (<spn>\'92geria tipuliformis</spn>) and a

longicorn beetle (<spn>Psenocerus supernotatus</spn>).</cd> --

<col>Currant worm</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an insect

larva which eats the leaves or fruit of the currant. The most

injurious are the currant sawfly (<spn>Nematus

ventricosus</spn>), introduced from Europe, and the spanworm

(<spn>Eufitchia ribearia</spn>). The fruit worms are the larva of

a fly (<spn>Epochra Canadensis</spn>), and a spanworm

(<spn>Eupithecia</spn>).</cd> -- <mcol><col>Flowering

currant</col>, <col>Missouri currant</col></mcol>, <cd>a species

of <spn>Ribes</spn> (<spn>R. aureum</spn>), having showy yellow

flowers.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cur"ren*cy</hw> <pr>(k?r"r?n-c?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl. <plw>Currencies</plw> <pr>(-s<?/z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[Cf.

LL. <ets>currentia</ets> a current, fr. L. <ets>currens</ets>, p.

pr. of <ets>currere</ets> to run. See <er>Current</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A continued or uninterrupted course or flow like

that of a sream; <as>as, the <ex>currency</ex> of

time</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Ayliffe.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state or quality of being current; general

acceptance or reception; a passing from person to person, or from

hand to hand; circulation; <as>as, a report has had a long or

general <ex>currency</ex>; the <ex>currency</ex> of bank

notes.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which is in circulation, or is given and

taken as having or representing value; <as>as, the

<ex>currency</ex> of a country; a specie <ex>currency</ex>; esp.,

government or bank notes circulating as a substitute for metallic

money.</as></def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Fluency; readiness of utterance.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Current value; general estimation; the rate at

which anything is generally valued.</def>



<q>He . . . takes greatness of kingdoms according to their bulk

and <qex>currency</qex>, and not after intrinsic value.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<q>The bare name of Englishman . . . too often gave a transient

<qex>currency</qex> to the worthless and ungrateful.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<hw>Cur"rent</hw> <pr>(k?r"r<it>e</it>nt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[OE. <ets>currant</ets>, OF. <ets>curant</ets>,

<ets>corant</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>curre</ets>, <ets>corre</ets>,

F.  <ets>courre</ets>, <ets>courir</ets>, to run, from L.

<ets>currere</ets>; perh. akin to E.  <ets>horse</ets>. Cf. 

<er>Course</er>, <er>Concur</er>, <er>Courant</er>,

<er>Coranto</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Running or moving

rapidly.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>Like the <qex>current</qex> fire, that renneth

Upon a cord.</q>

<qau>Gower.</qau>



<q>To chase a creature that was <qex>current</qex> then

In these wild woods, the hart with golden horns.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Now passing, as time; <as>as, the

<ex>current</ex> month</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Passing from person to person, or from hand to

hand; circulating through the community; generally received;

common; <as>as, a <ex>current</ex> coin; a <ex>current</ex>

report; <ex>current</ex> history.</as></def>



<q>That there was <qex>current</qex> money in Abraham's time is

past doubt.</q>

<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>



<q>Your fire-new stamp of honor is scarce <qex>current</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>His <qex>current</qex> value, which is less or more as men

have occasion for him.</q>

<qau>Grew.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Commonly estimated or acknowledged.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Fitted for general acceptance or circulation;

authentic; passable.</def>



<q>O Buckingham, now do I play the touch

To try if thou be <qex>current</qex> gold indeed.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>Account current</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Account</er>.</cd> -- <col>Current money</col>, <cd>lawful

money.</cd></cs>



<au>Abbott.</au>



<hw>Cur"rent</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>courant</ets>.

See <er>Current</er>, <pos>a.</pos> ]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A flowing or passing; onward motion. Hence: A

body of fluid moving continuously in a certain direction; a

stream; esp., the swiftest part of it; <as>as, a <ex>current</ex>

of water or of air</as>; that which resembles a stream in motion;

<as>as, a <ex>current</ex> of electricity</as>.</def>



<q>Two such silver <qex>currents</qex>, when they join,

Do glorify the banks that bound them in.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>The surface of the ocean is furrowed by <qex>currents</qex>,

whose direction . . . the navigator should know.</q>

<qau>Nichol.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>General course; ordinary procedure; progressive

and connected movement; <as>as, the <ex>current</ex> of time, of

events, of opinion, etc.</as></def>



<cs><col>Current meter</col>, <cd>an instrument for measuring the

velocity, force, etc., of currents.</cd> -- <col>Current

mill</col>, <cd>a mill driven by a current wheel.</cd> --

<col>Current wheel</col>, <cd>a wheel dipping into the water and

driven by the current of a stream or by the ebb and flow of the

tide.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Stream; course. See <er>Stream</er>.</syn>



<hw>Cur"rent*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a current manner;

generally; commonly; <as>as, it is <ex>currently</ex>

believed</as>.</def>



<hw>Cur"rent*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

quality of being current; currency; circulation; general

reception.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Easiness of pronunciation; fluency.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>When <qex>currentness</qex> [combineth] with staidness, how

can the language . . . sound other than most full of

sweetness?</q>

<qau>Camden.</qau>



<hw>Cur"ri*cle</hw> <pr>(k?r"r?-k'l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.<ets>curriculum</ets> a running, a race course, fr.

<ets>currere</ets> to run. See <er>Current</er>, and cf.

<er>Curriculum</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A small or short

course.</def>



<q>Upon a <qex>curricle</qex> in this world depends a long course

of the next.</q>

<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A two-wheeled chaise drawn by two horses

abreast.</def>



<hw>Cur*ric"u*lum</hw> <pr>(k?r-r?k"?-l?m)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl. E. <plw>Curriculums</plw>  (-l<?/mz), L.

<plw>Curricula</plw> <pr>(-l<?/)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L. See

<er>Curricle</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A race course; a place for running.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A course; particularly, a specified fixed course

of study, as in a university.</def>



<hw>Cur"rie</hw> <pr>(k?r"r?)</pr>, <pos>n. & v.</pos> <def>See

2d & 3d <er>Curry</er>.</def>



<hw>Cur"ried</hw> <pr>(-r<?/d)</pr>, <pos>p.a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Curry</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, and <er>Curry</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Dressed by currying; cleaned; prepared.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Prepared with curry; <as>as, <ex>curried</ex>

rice, fowl, etc.</as></def>



<hw>Cur"ri*er</hw> <pr>(k?"r?-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

1st <er>Curry</er>.]</ety> <def>One who curries and dresses

leather, after it is tanned.</def>



<hw>Cur"rish</hw> <pr>(k?r"r?sh)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Cur</er>.]</ety> <def>Having the qualities, or exhibiting the

characteristics, of a cur; snarling; quarrelsome; snappish;

churlish; hence, also malicious; malignant; brutal.</def>



<q>Thy <qex>currish</qex> spirit

Governed a wolf.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Some <qex>currish</qex> plot, -- some trick.</q>

<qau>Lockhart.</qau>



-- <wordforms><wf>Cur"rish*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Cur"rish*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Cur"ry</hw> <pr>(k?r"r?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Curried</er>

<pr>(-r?d)</pr>; <pos>p.pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Currying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>curraien</ets>,

<ets>curreien</ets>, OF. <ets>cunreer</ets>, <ets>correier</ets>,

to prepare, arrange, furnish, curry (a horse), F.

<ets>corroyer</ets> to curry (leather) (cf. OF.

<ets>conrei</ets>, <ets>conroi</ets>, order, arrangement, LL.

<ets>conredium</ets>); <ets>cor-</ets> (L.<ets>com-</ets>) +

<ets>roi</ets>, <ets>rei</ets>, arrangement, order; prob. of

German origin, and akin to E. <ets>ready</ets>. See

<er>Ready</er>, <er>Greith</er>, and cf. <er>Corody</er>,

<er>Array</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To dress or prepare for

use by a process of scraping, cleansing, beating, smoothing, and

coloring; -- said of leather.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To dress the hair or coat of (a horse, ox, or

the like) with a currycomb and brush; to comb, as a horse, in

order to make clean.</def>



<q>Your short horse is soon <qex>curried</qex>.</q>

<qau>Beau. & FL.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To beat or bruise; to drub; -- said of

persons.</def>



<q>I have seen him <qex>curry</qex> a fellow's carcass

handsomely.</q>

<qau>Beau. & FL.</qau>



<cs><col>To curry favor</col>, <cd>to seek to gain favor by

flattery or attentions. See <er>Favor</er>,

<pos>n.</pos></cd></cs>



<hw>Cur"ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Tamil

<ets>kari</ets>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>currie</asp>.]</altsp>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>A kind of sauce much used

in India, containing garlic, pepper, ginger, and other strong

spices.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A stew of fowl, fish, or game, cooked with

curry.</def>



<cs><col>Curry powder</col> <fld>(Cookery)</fld>, <cd>a condiment

used for making curry, formed of various materials, including

strong spices, as pepper, ginger, garlic, coriander seed,

etc.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cur"ry</hw> <pr>(k?r"r?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

flavor or cook with curry.</def>



<hw>Cur"ry*comb`</hw> <pr>(k?r"r?-k?m`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>A kind of card or comb having rows of metallic teeth or

serrated ridges, used in curryng a horse.</def>



<hw>Cur"ry*comb`</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To comb with a

currycomb.</def>



<hw>Curse</hw> <pr>(k?rs)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Cursed</er>

<pr>(k?rst)</pr> or <er>Curst</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Cursing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>cursian</ets>,

<ets>corsian</ets>, perh. of Scand. origin; cf. Dan.

<ets>korse</ets> to make the sign of the cross, Sw.

<ets>korsa</ets>, fr. Dan. & Sw. <ets>kors</ets> cross, Icel

<ets>kross</ets>, all these Scand. words coming fr. OF. 

<ets>crois</ets>, <ets>croiz</ets>, fr. L. <ets>crux</ets> cross.

Cf. <er>Cross</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To call upon divine

or supernatural power to send injury upon; to imprecate evil

upon; to execrate.</def>



<q>Thou shalt not . . . <qex>curse</qex> the ruler of thy

people.</q>

<qau>Ex. xxii. 28.</qau>



<q>Ere sunset I'll make thee <qex>curse</qex> the deed.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To bring great evil upon; to be the cause of

serious harm or unhappiness to; to furnish with that which will

be a cause of deep trouble; to afflict or injure grievously; to

harass or torment.</def>



<q>On impious realms and barbarous kings impose

Thy plagues, and <qex>curse</qex> 'em with such sons as

those.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<cs><col>To curse by bell, book, and candle</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Bell</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Curse</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To utter imprecations or

curses; to affirm or deny with imprecations; to swear.</def>



<q>Then began he to <qex>curse</qex> and to swear.</q>

<qau>Matt. xxi. 74.</qau>



<q>His spirits hear me,

And yet I need must <qex>curse</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Curse</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>curs</ets>. See

<er>Curse</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An

invocation of, or prayer for, harm or injury; malediction.</def>



<q>Lady, you know no rules of charity,

Which renders good for bad, blessings for <qex>curses</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Evil pronounced or invoked upon another,

solemnly, or in passion; subjection to, or sentence of, divine

condemnation.</def>



<q> The priest shall write these <qex>curses</qex> in a book.</q>

<qau>Num. v. 23.</qau>



<q><qex>Curses</qex>, like chickens, come home to roost.</q>

<qau>Old Proverb.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The cause of great harm, evil, or misfortune;

that which brings evil or severe affliction; torment.</def>



<q>The common <qex>curse</qex> of mankind, folly and

ignorance.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>All that I eat, or drink, or shall beget,

Is propagated <qex>curse</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<cs><col>The curse of Scotland</col> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld>,

<cd>the nine of diamonds.</cd> -- <col>Not worth a curse</col>.

<cd>See under <er>Cress</er>.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Malediction; imprecation; execration. See

<er>Malediction</er>.</syn>



<hw>Curs"ed</hw> <pr>(k?rs"?d)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Deserving

a curse; execrable; hateful; detestable; abominable.</def>



<q>Let us fly this <qex>cursed</qex> place.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>This <qex>cursed</qex> quarrel be no more renewed.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Curs"ed*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a cursed manner;

miserably; in a manner to be detested; enormously.</def>

<mark>[Low]</mark>



<hw>Curs"ed*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The state

of being under a curse or of being doomed to execration or to

evil.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Wickedness; sin; cursing.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Shrewishness.</def> \'bdMy wife's

<xex>cursedness</xex>.\'b8



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Curs"er</hw> <pr>(k?rs"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

curses.</def>



<hw>Cur"ship</hw> <pr>(k?r"sh?p)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cur</ets> +<ets>-ship</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state of

being a cur; one who is currish.</def> <mark>[Jocose]</mark>



<q>How durst he, I say, oppose thy <qex>curship</qex>!</q>

<qau>Hudibras.</qau>



<hw>Cur"si*ta`ting</hw> <pr>(k?r"s?-t?`t?ng)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[See <er>Cursitor</er>.]</ety> <def>Moving about

slightly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>H. Bushnell.</au>



<hw>Cur"si*tor</hw> <pr>(k?r"s?-t?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[LL. <ets>cursitor</ets>, equiv. to L. <ets>cursor</ets>,

fr. <ets>cursare</ets> to run hither and thither, fr.

<ets>currere</ets> to run. See <er>Current</er>, and cf.

<er>Cursor</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A courier or

runner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Cursitors</xex> to and

fro.\'b8



<au>Holland.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Eng.Law)</fld> <def>An officer in the Court of

Chancery, whose business is to make out original writs.</def>



<hw>Cur"sive</hw> <pr>(k?r"s?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>cursivus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>cursif</ets> See

<er>Cursitor</er>.]</ety> <def>Running; flowing.</def>



<cs><col>Cursive hand</col>,<cd>a running handwriting.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cur"sive</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A character

used in cursive writing.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A manuscript, especially of the New Testament,

written in small, connected characters or in a running hand; --

opposed to <xex>uncial</xex>.</def>



<au>Shipley.</au>



<hw>Cur"sor</hw> <pr>(k?r"s?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a

runner. See <er>Cursitor</er>.]</ety> <def>Any part of a

mathematical instrument that moves or slides backward and forward

upon another part.</def>



<hw>Cur"so*ra*ry</hw> <pr>(-s?-r?-r?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Cursory; hasty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>With a <qex>cursorary</qex> eye o'erglanced the articles.</q>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>\'d8Cur*so"res</hw> <pr>(k?r-s?"rEz)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>cursor</ets>, pl. <ets>cursores</ets>, a

runner.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An order

of running birds including the ostrich, emu, and allies; the

Ratita\'91.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A group of running spiders;

the wolf spiders.</def>



<hw>Cur*so"ri*al</hw> <pr>(k?r-s?"r?-<it>a</it>l)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Adapted to

running or walking, and not to prehension; <as>as, the limbs of

the horse are <ex>cursorial</ex></as>. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of

<er>Aves</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Of or pertaining to the

<spn>Cursores</spn>.</def>



<hw>Cur"so*ri*ly</hw> <pr>(k?r"s?-r?-l?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>In a running or hasty manner; carelessly.</def>



<hw>Cur"so*ri*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

cursory; superficial performance; <as>as, <ex>cursoriness</ex> of

view</as>.</def>



<hw>Cur"so*ry</hw> <pr>(k?r"s?-r?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cursorius</ets>, fr. <ets>cursor</ets>. See

<er>Cursor</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Running about; not

stationary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Characterized by haste; hastily or superficially

performed; slight; superficial; careless.</def>



<q>Events far too important to be treated in a <qex>cursory</qex>

manner.</q>

<qau>Hallam.</qau>



<hw>Curst</hw> <pr>(k?rst)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> of

<er>Curse</er>.</def>



<hw>Curst</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See<er>Curse</er>.]</ety>

<def>Froward; malignant; mischievous; malicious; snarling.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Though his mind

 Be ne'er so <qex>curst</qex>, his tonque is kind.</q>

<qau>Crashaw.</qau>



<hw>Curst"ful*ly</hw> <pr>(-f?l-l?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>Peevishly; vexatiously; detestably.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Curstfully</xex> mad.</def>\'b8



<au>Marston.</au>



<-- p. 358 -->



<hw>Curts"ness</hw> <pr>(k?rst"n?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Peevishness; malignity; frowardness; crabbedness;

surliness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Curt</hw> <pr>(k?rt)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>curtus</ets>; cf. Skr. <ets>kart</ets> to cut. Cf.

<er>Curtail</er>.]</ety> <def>Characterized by exessive brevity;

short; rudely concise; <as>as, <ex>curt</ex> limits; a

<ex>curt</ex> answer.</as></def>



<q>The <qex>curt</qex>, yet comprehensive reply.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<hw>Cur*tail"</hw> <pr>(k?r-t?l")</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Curtailed</er>

<pr>(-t?ld")</pr>; <pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos>

<er>Curtailing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See

<er>Curtal</er>.]</ety> <def>To cut off the end or tail, or any

part, of; to shorten; to abridge; to diminish; to reduce.</def>



<q>I, that am <qex>curtailed</qex> of this fair proportion.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Our incomes have been <qex>curtailed</qex>; his salary has

been doubled.</q>

<qau>Macualay.</qau>



<hw>Cur"tail</hw> <pr>(k?r"t?l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

scroll termination of any architectural member, as of a step,

etc.</def>



<hw>Cur"tail dog`</hw> <pr>(d<?/g`; 115)</pr>. <def>A dog with a

docked tail; formerly, the dog of a person not qualified to

course, which, by the forest laws, must have its tail cut short,

partly as a mark, and partly from a notion that the tail is

necessary to a dog in running; hence, a dog not fit for

sporting.</def>



<q>Hope is a <qex>curtail dog</qex> in some affairs.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Cur*tail"er</hw> <pr>(k?r-t?l"?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>One who curtails.</def>



<hw>Cur*tail"ment</hw> <pr>(k?r-t?l"m<it>e</it>nt)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <def>The act or result of curtailing or cutting

off.</def>



<au>Bancroft.</au>



<hw>Cur"tain</hw> <pr>(k?r"t?n; 48)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[OE.<ets>cortin</ets>, <ets>curtin</ets>,fr. OF.

<ets>cortine</ets>, <ets>curtine</ets>, F. <ets>courtine</ets>,

LL. <ets>cortina</ets>, curtian (in senses 1 and 2), also, small

court, small inclosure surrounded by walls, from

<ets>cortis</ets> court. See <er>Court</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A hanging screen intended to darken or conceal,

and admitting of being drawn back or up, and reclosed at

pleasure; esp., drapery of cloth or lace hanging round a bed or

at a window; in theaters, and like places, a movable screen for

concealing the stage.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>That part of the rampart and

parapet which is between two bastions or two gates. See

<xex>Illustrations</xex> of <er>Ravelin</er> and

<er>Bastion</er>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>That part of a wall of a

building which is between two pavilions, towers, etc.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A flag; an ensign; -- in contempt.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<cs><col>Behind the curtain</col>, <cd>in concealment; in

secret.</cd> -- <col>Curtain lecture</col>, <cd>a querulous

lecture given by a wife to her husband within the bed curtains,

or in bed.</cd></cs>



<au>Jerrold.</au>



<q>A <qex>curtain lecture</qex> is worth all the sermons in the

world for teaching the virtues of patience and

long-suffering.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



--<cs> <col>The curtain falls</col>, <cd>the performance

closes.</cd> -- <col>The curtain rises</col>, <cd>the performance

begins.</cd> -- <col>To draw the curtain</col>, <cd>to close ot

over an object, or to remove it;</cd> hence: <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To

hide or to disclose an object.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To commence

or close a performance.</cd> -- <col>To drop the curtain</col>,

<cd>to end the tale, or close the performance.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cur"tain</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. &

p.p.</pos> <er>Curtained</er> <pr>(-t?nd; 48)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &

vb. n.</pos> <er>Curtaining</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To inclose as

with curtains; to furnish with curtains.</def>



<q>So when the sun in bed

<qex>Curtained</qex> with cloudy red.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Cur"tal</hw> <pr>(k?r"t<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[OF. <ets>courtault</ets>, F. <ets>courtaud</ets>, having a

docked tail (cf. It. <ets>cortaldo</ets>), fr. <ets>court</ets>

short, L. <ets>curtus</ets>. See <er>Curt</er>, and

<er>Curtail</er>.]</ety> <def>Curt; brief; laconic.</def>



<q>Essays and <qex>curtal</qex> aphorisms.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<cs><col>Curtal dog</col>. <cd>See <er>Curtail

dog</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cur"tal</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A horse with a docked tail;

hence, anything cut short.</def> <mark>[Obs]</mark>



<au>Nares.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cur"tal ax`</hw> <pr>(?ks`)</pr>, <hw>Cur"tle

ax`</hw>, <hw>Curte"lasse</hw> <pr>(k?rt"l<it>as</it>)</pr>

}</mhw>. <def>A corruption of <er>Cutlass</er>.</def>



<hw>Cur"tal fri`ar</hw> <pr>(fr?`?r)</pr>. <def>A friar who acted

as porter at the gate of a monastery.</def>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>Cur*ta"na</hw> <pr>(k?r-t?"n?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

pointless sword carried before English monarchs at their

coronation, and emblematically considered as the sword of mercy;

-- also called the <altname>sword of Edward the

Confessor</altname>.</def>



<hw>Cur"tate</hw> <pr>(k?r"t?t)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>curtatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>curtare</ets> to shorten, fr.

<ets>curtus</ets>. See <er>Curt</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>

<def>Shortened or reduced; -- said of the distance of a planet

from the sun or earth, as measured in the plane of the ecliptic,

or the distance from the sun or earth to that point where a

perpendicular, let fall from the planet upon the plane of the

ecliptic, meets the ecliptic.</def>



<cs><col>Curtate cycloid</col>. <fld>(Math.)</fld> <cd>See

<er>Cycloid</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cur*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(k?r-t?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The interval by which the curtate

distance of a planet is less than the true distance.</def>



<hw>Cur*tein"</hw> <pr>(k?r-t?n")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same

as <er>Curtana</er>.</def>



<hw>Cur*tes"</hw> <pr>(k?r-t?s")</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Courteous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Chaucer</au>.



<hw>Cur"te*sy</hw> <pr>(k?r"t?-s?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Curtesies</plw> <pr>(-s<?/z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[Either fr.

<ets>courlesy</ets>, the lands being held as it were by favor; or

fr. <ets>court</ets>  (LL. <ets>curtis</ets>), the husband being

regarded as holding the lands as a vassal of the court. See

<er>Court</er>, <er>Courtesy</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld>

<def>the life estate which a husband has in the lands of his

deceased wife, which by the common law takes effect where he has

had issue by her, born alive, and capable of inheriting the

lands.</def>



<au>Mozley & W.</au>



<hw>Cur"ti*lage</hw> <pr>(k<?/r"t<?/-l<?/j)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[OF. <ets>cortillage</ets>, <ets>curtillage</ets>, fr.

<ets>cortil</ets> court, courtyard, LL. <ets>cortis</ets> court.

See <er>Court</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A yard,

courtyard, or piece of ground, included within the fence

surrounding a dwelling house.</def>



<au>Burrill.</au>



<hw>Curt"ly</hw> <pr>(k?rt"l?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

curt manner.</def>



<hw>Curt"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of bing

curt.</def>



<hw>Curt"sy</hw> <pr>(k?rt"s?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Courtesy</er>, an act of respect.</def>



<hw>Cu"rule</hw> <pr>(k?"r?l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>curulis</ets>, fr. <ets>currus</ets> a charoit: cf. F.

<ets>curule</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to a

charoit.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a

kind of chair appropriated to Roman magistrates and dignitaries;

pertaining to, having, or conferring, the right to sit in the

curule chair; hence, official.</def>



<note><hand/ The <xex>curule</xex> chair was usually shaped like

a camp stool, and provided with curved legs. It was at first

ornamented with ivory, and later sometimes made of ivory and

inlaid with gold.</note>



<cs><col>Curule dignity</col> <cd>right of sitting in the curule

chair.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Cu*ru"ro</hw> <pr>(k??-r??"r?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Chilian name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A Chilian

burrowing rodent of the genus <spn>Spalacopus</spn>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cur"val</hw> <pr>(k?r"v<it>a</it>l)</pr>,

<hw>Cur"vant</hw> <pr>(-v<it>a</it>nt)</pr> }</mhw>,

<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>curvans</ets>, <ets>p</ets>.

<ets>pr</ets>. ]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Bowed; bent;

curved.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cur"vate</hw> <pr>(k?r"v?t)</pr>, <hw>Cur"va*ted</hw>

<pr>(-v?-t?d)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>curvatus</ets> p. p. of <ets>curvare</ets> to curve, fr. 

<ets>curvus</ets>. See <er>Curve</er>.]</ety> <def>Bent in a

regular form; curved.</def>



<hw>Cur*va"tion</hw> <pr>(k?r-v?"sh?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>curvatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of bending or

crooking.</def>



<hw>Cur"va*tive</hw> <pr>(k?r"v?-t?v)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the margins only a little curved;

-- said of leaves.</def>



<au>Henslow.</au>



<hw>Cur"va*ture</hw> <pr>(k?r"v?-t?r; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>curvatura</ets>. See <er>Curvate</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of curving, or the state of being bent

or curved; a curving or bending, normal or abnormal, as of a line

or surface from a rectilinear direction; a bend; a curve.</def>



<au>Cowper.</au>



<q>The elegant <qex>curvature</qex> of their fronds.</q>

<qau>Darwin.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The amount of degree of

bending of a mathematical curve, or the tendency at any point to

depart from a tangent drawn to the curve at that point.</def>



<cs><col>Aberrancy of curvature</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>the

deviation of a curve from a curcular form.</cd> -<col>Absolute

curvature</col>. <cd>See under <er>Absolute</er>.</cd> --

<col>Angle of curvature</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>one that

expresses the amount of curvature of a curve.</cd> -- <col>Chord

of curvature</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chord</er>.</cd> --

<col>Circle of curvature</col>. <cd>See <cref>Osculating circle

of a curve</cref>, under <er>Circle</er>.</cd> -- <col>Curvature

of the spine</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>an abnormal curving of

the spine, especially in a lateral direction.</cd> -- <col>Radius

of curvature</col>, <cd>the radius of the circle of curvature, or

osculatory circle, at any point of a curve.</cd></cs>



<hw>Curve</hw> <pr>(k?rv)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>curvus</ets> bent, curved. See <er>Cirb</er>.]</ety>

<def>Bent without angles; crooked; curved; <as>as, a

<ex>curve</ex> line; a <ex>curve</ex> surface.</as></def>



<hw>Curve</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Curve</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>, <er>Cirb</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A bending

without angles; that wcich is bent; a flexure; <as>as, a

<ex>curve</ex> in a railway or canal</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A line described according to

some low, and having no finite portion of it a straight

line.</def>



<cs><col>Axis of a curve</col>. <cd>See under <er>Axis</er>.</cd>

-- <col>Curve of quickest descent</col>. <cd>See

<er>Brachystochrone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Curve tracing</col>

<fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>the process of determining the shape,

location, singular points, and other perculiarities of a curve

from its equation.</cd> -- <col>Plane curve</col>

<fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>a curve such that when a plane passes

through three points of the curve, it passes through all the

other points of the curve. Any other curve is called a <xex>curve

of double curvature</xex>, or a <xex>twisted

curve</xex>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Curve</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. &

p.p.</pos> <er>Curved</er> <pr>(k?rvd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Curving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>curvare</ets>., fr. <ets>curvus</ets>. See <er>Curve</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>, <er>Curb</er>.]</ety> <def>To bend; to crook;

<as>as, to <ex>curve</ex> a line; to <xex>curve</xex> a

pipe</as>; to cause to swerve from a straight course; <as>as, to

<ex>curve</ex> a ball in pitching it</as>.</def>



<hw>Curve</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To bend or turn gradually

from a given direction; <as>as, the road <ex>curves</ex> to the

right</as>.</def>



<hw>Curv"ed*ness</hw> <pr>(-?d-n?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

state of being curved.</def>



<hw>Cur"vet</hw> <pr>(k?r"v?t <or/  k?r-v?t"; 277)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>corvet</ets>,

It.<ets>corvetta</ets>: cf. F. <ets>courbette</ets>. See

<er>Curve</er>, and cf. <er>Corvetto</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Man.)</fld> <def>A particular leap of a horse, when he

raises both his fore legs at once, equally advanced, and, as his

fore legs are falling, raises his hind legs, so that all his legs

are in the air at once.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A prank; a frolic.</def>



<hw>Cur"vet</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. &

p.p.</pos> <er>Curveted</er> or <er>-vetted</er>; <pos>p.pr. &

vb. n.</pos> <er>Curveting</er> or

<er>-vetting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. It.

<ets>corvettare</ets>. See <er>Curvet</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To make a curvet; to leap; to bound. 'Oft and

high he did <xex>curvet</xex>.\'b8



<au>Drayton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To leap and frisk; to frolic.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Cur"vet</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cause to curvet.</def>



<au>Landor.</au>



<hw>Cur`vi*cau"date</hw> <pr>(k?r`v?-k?"d?t)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>curvus</ets> bent + E. <ets>caudate</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a curved or crooked tail.</def>



<hw>Cur`vi*cos"tate</hw> <pr>(k?r`v?-k?s"t?t)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>curvus</ets> + E. <ets>costate</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having bent ribs.</def>



<hw>Cur`vi*den"tate</hw> <pr>(k?r`v?-d?n"t?t)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>curvus</ets> + E. <ets>dentate</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Having curved teeth.</def>



<hw>Cur"vi*form</hw> <pr>(k?r"v?-f?rm)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>curvus + -form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having a curved

form.</def>



<hw>Cur`vi*lin"e*ad</hw> <pr>(k?r`v?-l?n"?-?d)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>An instrument for drawing

curved lines.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cur`vi*lin"e*al</hw> <pr>(-<it>a</it>l)</pr>,

<hw>Cur`vi*lin"e*ar</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>curvus</ets> bent + E. <ets>lineal</ets>,

<ets>linear</ets>.]</ety> <def>Consisting of, or bounded by,

curved lines; <as>as, a <ex>curvilinear</ex> figure</as>.</def>



<hw>Cur`vi*lin`e*ar"i*ty</hw> <pr>(-?r"?-t?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>The state of being curvilinear or of being bounded by curved

lines.</def>



<hw>Cur`vi*lin"e*ar*ly</hw> <pr>(-?r-l?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>In a curvilinear manner.</def>



<hw>Cur"vi*nerved`</hw> <pr>(-n?rvd`)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>curvus</ets> bent + E. <ets>nerve</ets>. ]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the ribs or the veins of the leaves

curved; -- called also <altname>curvinervate</altname> and

<altname>curve-veined</altname>.</def>



<hw>Cur`vi*ros"tral</hw> <pr>(-r?s"tr<it>a</it>l)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>curvus</ets> + E.

<ets>rostral</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a

crooked beak, as the crossbill.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cur"vi*ros"tres</hw> <pr>(-r?s"tr?z)</pr>, <pos>n. 

pl.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>curvus</ets> curved +

<ets>rostrum</ets> beak, rostrum.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A group of passerine birds, including the creepers and

nuthatches.</def>



<hw>Cur`vi*se"ri*al</hw> <pr>(-s?"r?-al)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>curvus</ets> bent + E. <ets>serial</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Distributed in a curved line, as leaves

along a stem.</def>



<hw>Cur"vi*ty</hw> <pr>(k?r"v?-y?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>curvitas</ets>, from <ets>curvus</ets> bent: cf. F.

<ets>curvit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state of being curved; a

bending in a regular form; crookedness.</def>



<au>Holder.</au>



<hw>Cur"vo*graph</hw> <pr>(k?r"v?-gr?f)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>curvus</ets> bent + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>An arcograph.</def>



<hw>Cush"at</hw> <pr>(k??sh"?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>cusceote</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The

ringdove or wood pigeon.</def>



<q>Scarce with <qex>cushat's</qex> homely song can vie.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<hw>Cush"ew*bird</hw> <pr>(k?sh"?-b?rd`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>The galeated curassow. See

<er>Curassow</er>.</def>



<hw>Cush"ion</hw> <pr>(k??sh"?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>cuischun</ets>, <ets>quisshen</ets>, OF. <ets>coissin</ets>,

<ets>cuissin</ets>, F.  <ets>coussin</ets>, fr. (assumed) LL.

<ets>culcitinum</ets>, dim. of L. <ets>culcita</ets> cushion,

mattress, pillow. See <er>Quilt</er>, and cf.

<er>Counterpoint</er> a <er>coverlet</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A case or bag stuffed with some soft and elastic material,

and used to sit or recline upon; a soft pillow or pad.</def>



<q>Two <qex>cushions</qex> stuffed with straw, the seat to

raise.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything resembling a cushion in properties or

use</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>a pad on which gilders cut gold

leaf</def>; <sd>(b)</sd> <def>a mass of steam in the end of the

cylinder of a steam engine to receive the impact of the

piston</def>; <sd>(c)</sd> <def>the elastic edge of a billiard

table.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A riotous kind of dance, formerly common at

weddings; -- called also <altname>cushion dance</altname>.</def>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<cs><col>Cushion capital</col>.<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <cd>A capital

so sculptured as to appear like a cushion pressed down by the

weight of its entablature.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A name given to

a form of capital, much used in the Romanesque style, modeled

like a bowl, the upper part of which is cut away on four sides,

leaving vertical faces.</cd> -- <col>Cushion star</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>a pentagonal starfish belonging to

<spn>Goniaster</spn>, <spn>Astrogonium</spn>, and other allied

genera; -- so called from its form.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cush"ion</hw> <pr>(k??sh"?n)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Cushioned</er>

<pr>(-?nd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.</pos>

<er>Cushioning</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To seat or

place on, or as on a cushion.</def>



<q>Many who are <qex>cushioned</qex> on thrones would have

remained in obscurity.</q>

<qau>Bolingbroke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To furnish with cushions; <as>as, to

<ex>cushion</ex> a chaise</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To conceal or cover up, as under a

cushion.</def>



<cs><col>Cushioned hammer</col>, <cd>a dead-stroke hammer. See

under <er>Dead-stroke</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cush"ion*et</hw> <pr>(k??sh"?n-?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[OF. <ets>coissinet</ets>, F. <ets>coussinet</ets>. See

<er>Cushion</er>, and cf. <er>Coussinet</er>.]</ety> <def>A

little cushion.</def>



<hw>Cush"ion*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Hot furnished with a

cushion.</def>



<q>Rows of long, <qex>cushionless</qex> benches, supplying the

place of pews.</q>

<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>



<hw>Cush"ion*y</hw> <pr>(-?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a

cushion; soft; pliable.</def>



<q>A flat and <qex>cushiony</qex> noce.</q>

<qau>Dickens.</qau>



<hw>Cush"ite</hw> <pr>(k?sh"?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

descendant of Cush, the son of Ham and grandson of Noah.</def>



<hw>Cusk</hw> <pr>(k?sk)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large, edible, marine fish

(<spn>Brosmius brosme</spn>), allied to the cod, common on the

northern coasts of Europe and America; -- called also

<altname>tusk</altname> and <altname>torsk</altname>.</def>



<hw>Cus"kin</hw> <pr>(k?s"k?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A kind of

drinking cup.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Cusp</hw> <pr>(k?sp)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cuspis</ets>, <ets>-idis</ets>, point, pointed end.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A triangular protection from

the intrados of an arch, or from an inner curve of tracery.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Astrol.)</fld> <def>The beginning or first

entrance of any house in the calculations of nativities,

etc.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Astron)</fld> <def>The point or horn of the

crescent moon or other crescent-shaped luminary.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A multiple point of a curve

at which two or more branches of the curve have a common

tangent.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A prominence or point,

especially on the crown of a tooth.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A sharp and rigid point.</def>



<hw>Cusp</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. &

p.p.</pos> <er>Cusped</er> <pr>(k?spt)</pr>; <pos>p.pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Cusping</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To furnish with a

cusp or cusps.</def>



<hw>Cus"pa*ted</hw> <pr>(k?s"p?-t?d)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Ending in a point.</def>



<hw>Cus"pid</hw> <pr>(k?s"p?d)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Cusp</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the canine

teeth; -- so called from having but one point or cusp on the

crown. See <er>Tooth</er>.</def>



<hw>Cus"pi*dal</hw> <pr>(-p?-d<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[From L. <ets>cuspis</ets>, <ets>cuspidis</ets>. See

<er>Cusp</er>.]</ety> <def>Ending in a point.</def>



<hw>Cus"pi*date</hw> <pr>(-d?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

make pointed or sharp.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cus"pi*date</hw> <pr>(k?s"p?-d?t)</pr>,

<hw>Cus"pi*da`ted</hw> <pr>(-d?`t?d)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>cuspidatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>cuspidare</ets> to

make pointed, fr. <ets>cuspis</ets>. See <er>Cusp</er>.]</ety>

<def>Having a sharp end, like the point of a spear; terminating

in a hard point; <as>as, a <ex>cuspidate</ex> leaf</as>.</def>



<hw>Cus"pi*dor</hw> <pr>(-d?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pg.

<ets>cuspideria</ets>, fr. <ets>cuspir</ets> to spit.]</ety>

<def>Any ornamental vessel used as a spittoon; hence, to avoid

the common term, a spittoon of any sort.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cus"pis</hw> <pr>(k?s"p?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A point; a sharp end.</def>



<hw>Cus"tard</hw> <pr>(k?s"t?rd)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob.

the same word as OE. <ets>crustade</ets>, <ets>crustate</ets>, a

pie made with a crust, fr. L. <ets>crustatus</ets> covered with a

crust, p. p. of <ets>crustare</ets>, fr. <ets>crusta</ets> crust;

cf. OF. <ets>croustade</ets> pasty, It. <ets>crostata</ets>, or

F. <ets>coutarde</ets>. See <er>Crust</er>, and cf.

<er>Crustated</er>.]</ety> <def>A mixture of milk and eggs,

sweetened, and baked or boiled.</def>



<cs><col>Custard apple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a low tree or

shrub of tropical America, including several species of Anona

(<spn>A. squamosa</spn>, <spn>reticulata</spn>, etc.), having a

roundish or ovate fruit the size of a small orange, containing a

soft, yellowish, edible pulp.</cd> -- <col>Custard coffin</col>,

<cd>pastry, or crust, which covers or <xex>coffins</xex> a

custard <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Cus"tode</hw> <pr>(k?s"t?d)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. or

It. <ets>custode</ets>, fr. L. <ets>custos</ets>,

<ets>-odis</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Custodian</er>.</def>



<hw>Cus*to"di*al</hw> <pr>(k?s-t?"d?-<it>a</it>l)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>custodial</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>custodia</ets>. See <er>Custody</er>.]</ety> <def>Relating

to custody or guardianship.</def>



<hw>Cus*to"di*an</hw> <pr>(k?s-t?"d?-<it>a</it>n)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From <er>Custody</er>.]</ety> <def>One who

has care or custody, as of some public building; a keeper or

superintendent.</def>



<hw>Cus*to"di*an*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Office or duty of

a custodian.</def>



<hw>Cus*to"di*er</hw> <pr>(-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. LL.

<ets>custodiarus</ets>.]</ety> <def>A custodian.</def>

<mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>Cus"to*dy</hw> <pr>(k?s"t?-d?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. 

<ets>custodia</ets>, fr. <ets>custos</ets> guard; prob. akin to

Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ to hide, and E. <ets>hide</ets>. Seee

<er>Hide</er> to cover.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A keeping or

guarding; care, watch, inspection, for keeping, preservation, or

security.</def>



<q>A fleet of thirty ships for the <qex>custody</qex> of the

narrow seas.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Judicial or penal safe-keeping.</def>



<q>Jailer, take him to thy <qex>custody</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<-- p. 360 -->



<sn>3.</sn> <def>State of being guarded and watched to prevent

escape; restraint of liberty; confinement; imprisonment.</def>



<q>What pease will be given

To us enslaved, but <qex>custody</qex> severe,

And stripes and arbitrary punishment?</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Cus"tom</hw> <pr>(k?s"t?m)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>custume</ets>, <ets>costume</ets>, Anglo-Norman

<ets>coustome</ets>, F.  <ets>coutume</ets>, fr. (assumed) LL.

<ets>consuetumen</ets> custom, habit, fr. L.

<ets>consuetudo</ets>, <ets>-dinis</ets>, fr.

<ets>consuescere</ets> to accustom, verb inchoative fr.

<ets>consuere</ets> to be accustomed; <ets>con-</ets> +

<ets>suere</ets> to be accustomed, pro<?/ originally, to make

one's own, fr. the root of <ets>suus</ets> one's own; akin to E. 

<ets>so</ets>, adv. Cf. <er>Consuetude</er>,

<er>Costume</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Frequent repetition of the same act; way of

acting common to many; ordinary manner; habitual practice; usage;

method of doing or living.</def>



<q>And teach <qex>customs</qex> which are not lawful.</q>

<qau>Acts xvi. 21.</qau>



<q>Moved beyong his <qex>custom</qex>, Gama said.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<q>A <qex>custom</qex>

More honored in the breach than the observance.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Habitual buying of goods; practice of

frequenting, as a shop, manufactory, etc., for making purchases

or giving orders; business support.</def>



<q>Let him have your <qex>custom</qex>, but not your votes.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Long-established practice,

considered as unwritten law, and resting for authority on long

consent; usage. See <er>Usage</er>, and

<er>Prescription</er>.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Usage</xex> is a fact. <xex>Custom</xex> is a

law. There can be no <xex>custom</xex> without <xex>usage</xex>,

though there may be <xex>usage</xex> without

<xex>custom</xex>.</note>



<au>Wharton.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Familiar aquaintance; familiarity.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Age can not wither her, nor <qex>custom</qex> stale

Her infinite variety.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>Custom of merchants</col>, <cd>a system or code of

customs by which affairs of commerce are regulated.</cd> --

<col>General customs</col>, <cd>those which extend over a state

or kingdom.</cd> -- <col>Particular customs</col>, <cd>those

which are limited to a city or district; as, the

<xex>customs</xex> of London.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Practice; fashion. See <er>Habit</er>, and

<er>Usage</er>.</syn>



<hw>Cus"tom</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF. 

<ets>costumer</ets>. Cf. <er>Accustom</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To make familiar; to accustom.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Gray.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To supply with customers.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Cus"tom</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To have a custom.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>On a bridge he <qex>custometh</qex> to fight.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Cus"tom</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.  <ets>coustume</ets>,

F. <ets>coutume</ets>, tax, <ets>i</ets>. <ets>e</ets>., the

<ets>usual</ets> tax. See 1st <er>Custom</er>.]</ety> <def>1 the

customary toll,tax, or tribute.</def>



<q>Render, therefore, to all their dues: tribute to whom tribute

is due; <qex>custom</qex> to whom <qex>custom</qex>.</q>

<qau>Rom. xiii. 7.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Duties or tolls imposed by law

on commodities, imported or exported.</def>



<hw>Cus"tom</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To pay the customs

of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Marlowe.</au>



<hw>Cus"tom*a*ble</hw> <pr>(-?-b'l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

OF. <ets>coustumable</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Customary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. More.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Subject to the payment of customs;

dutiable.</def>



<hw>Cus"tom*a*ble*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality of being

customable; conformity to custom.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Cus"tom*a*bly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Usually.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Cus"tom*a*ri*ly</hw> <pr>(-?-r?-l?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>In a customary manner; habitually.</def>



<hw>Cus"tom*a*ri*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality of being

customary.</def>



<hw>Cus"tom*a*ry</hw> <pr>(k?s"t?m-?-r?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[CF. OF. <ets>coustumier</ets>, F. <ets>coutumier</ets>. See

<er>Custom</er>, and cf. <er>Customer</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Agreeing with, or established by, custom;

established by common usage; conventional; habitual.</def>



<q>Even now I met him

With <qex>customary</qex> compliment.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>A formal <qex>customary</qex> attendance upon the offices.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Holding or held by custom;

<as>as, <ex>customary</ex> tenants; <ex>customary</ex> service or

estate.</as></def>



<hw>Cus"tom*a*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>coustumier</ets>, F.  <ets>coutumier</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

book containing laws and usages, or customs; <as>as, the

<ex>Customary</ex> of the Normans</as>.</def>



<au>Cowell.</au>



<hw>Cus"tom*er</hw> <pr>(k?s"t?m-?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[A

doublet of <ets>customary</ets>, <ets>a.</ets>: cf. LL.

<ets>custumarius</ets> toll gatherer. See <er>Custom</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>One who collect customs; a toll gatherer.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The <qex>customers</qex> of the small or petty custom and of

the subsidy do demand of them custom for kersey cloths.</q>

<qau>Hakluyt.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who regularly or repeatedly makes purchases

of a trader; a purchaser; a buyer.</def>



<q>He has got at last the character of a good

<qex>customer</qex>; by this means he gets credit for something

considerable, and then never pays for it.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A person with whom a business house has

dealings; <as>as, the <ex>customers</ex> of a bank</as>.</def>



<au>J. A. H. Murray.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A peculiar person; -- in an indefinite sense;

<as>as, a queer <ex>customer</ex>; an ugly

<ex>customer</ex>.</as></def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<au>Dickens.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A lewd woman.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Cus"tom*house"</hw> <pr>(-hous`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

building where customs and duties are paid, and where vessels are

entered or cleared.</def>



<cs><col>Customhouse broker</col>, <cd>an agent who acts for

merchants in the business of entering and clearing goods and

vessels.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Cus"tos</hw> <pr>(k?s"t?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Custodes</plw> <pr>(k<?/s-t<?/"d<?/z)</pr>.</plu>

<ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A keeper; a custodian; a

superintendent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<cs><col>Custos rotulorum</col> <pr>(r<?/t`<?/-l<?/"r<?/m)</pr>

<ety>[LL., keeper of the rolls]</ety> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld>,

<cd>the principal justice of the peace in a county, who is also

keeper of the rolls and records of the sessions of the

peace.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cus"trel</hw> <pr>(k?s"tr<it>e</it>l)</pr>, <pos>n</pos>

<ety>[OF. <ets>coustillier</ets>. See <er>Coistril</er>.]</ety>

<def>An armor-bearer to a knight.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Cus"trel</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Costrel</er>.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Ainsworth.</au>



<hw>Cus"tu*ma*ry</hw> <pr>(-t?-m?-r?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>See <er>Customary</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Cut</hw> <pr>(k?t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Cut</er>; <pos>p.pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Cutting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>cutten</ets>, <ets>kitten</ets>, <ets>ketten</ets>; prob. of

Celtic origin; cf. W. <ets>cwtau</ets> to shorten, curtail, dock,

<ets>cwta bobtailed</ets>, <ets>cwt</ets> tail, skirt, Gael. 

<ets>cutaich</ets> to shorten, curtail, dock, <ets>cutach</ets>

short, docked, <ets>cut</ets> a bobtail, piece, Ir.

<ets>cut</ets> a short tail, <ets>cutach</ets> bobtailed. Cf.

<er>Coot</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To sparate the parts of

with, or as with, a sharp instrument; to make an incision in; to

gash; to sever; to divide.</def>



<q>You must <qex>cut</qex> this flesh from off his breast.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Before the whistling winds the vessels fly,

With rapid swiftness <qex>cut</qex> the liquid way.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To sever and cause to fall for the purpose of

gathering; to hew; to mow or reap.</def>



<q>Thy servants can skill to <qex>cut</qex> timer.</q>

<qau>2. Chron. ii. 8</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To sever and remove by cutting; to cut off; to

dock; <as>as, to <ex>cut</ex> the hair; to <ex>cut</ex> the

nails.</as></def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To castrate or geld; <as>as, to <ex>cut</ex> a

horse</as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To form or shape by cutting; to make by

incision, hewing, etc.; to carve; to hew out.</def>



<q>Why should a man. whose blood is warm within,

Sit like his grandsire <qex>cut</qex> in alabaster?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Loopholes <qex>cut</qex> through thickest shade.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To wound or hurt deeply the snsibilities of; to

pierce; to lacerate; <as>as, sarcasm <ex>cuts</ex> to the

quick</as>.</def>



<q>The man was <qex>cut</qex> to the heart.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>To intersect; to cross; <as>as, one line

<ex>cuts</ex> another at right angles</as>.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>To refuse to recognize; to ignorre; <as>as, to

<ex>cut</ex> a person in the street; to <ex>cut</ex> one's

acquaintance.</as></def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>To absent one's self from; <as>as, to

<ex>cut</ex> an appointment, a recitation</as>. etc.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<q>An English tradesman is always solicitous to <qex>cut</qex>

the shop whenever he can do so with impunity.</q>

<qau>Thomas Hamilton.</qau>



<cs><col>To cut a caper</col>. <cd>See under <er>Caper</er>.</cd>

-- <col>To cut the cards</col>, <cd>to divide a pack of cards

into portions, in order to determine the deal or the trump, or to

change the cards to be dealt.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To cut a

dash</col> <or/ <col>a figure</col></mcol>, <cd>to make a

display.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To cut down</col>.

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To sever and cause to fall; to fell; to

prostrate. \'bdTimber . . . <xex>cut down</xex> in the mountains

of Cilicia.\'b8 <au>Knolles</au>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To put

down; to abash; to humble, <mark>[Obs]</mark> \'bdSo great is his

natural eloquence, that he <xex>cuts doun</xex> the finest

orator.\'b8 <au>Addison</au></cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To lessen; to

retrench; to curtail; as, <xex>to cut down</xex> expenses.</cd>

<sd>(d)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>To raze; as, <xex>to cut

down</xex> a frigate into a sloop.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To cut the

knot</col> <or/ <col>the Gordian knot</col></mcol>, <cd>to

dispose of a difficulty summarily; to solve it by prompt,

arbitrary action, rather than by skill or patience.</cd> --

<col>To cut lots</col>, <cd>to determine lots by cuttings cards;

to draw lots.</cd> -- <col>To cut off</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To

sever; to separate.</cd>



<q>I would to God, . . . 

The king had <qex>cut off</qex> my brother's.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To put an untimely death; to put an end to; to

destroy.</cd> \'bdIren<?/us was likewise <xex>cut off</xex> by

martyrdom.\'b8 <au>Addison</au>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To interrupt;

as, <xex>to cut off</xex> communication; <xex>to cut off</xex>

(the flow of) steam from (the boiler to) a steam engine.</cd>

<sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To intercept; as,, <xex>to cut off</xex> an

enemy's retreat.</cd> <sd>(e)</sd> <cd>To end; to finish; as,

<xex>to cut off</xex> further debate.</cd> -- <col>To cut

out</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To remove by cutting or carving; as,

<xex>to cut out</xex> a piece from a board.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd>

<cd>To shape or form by cutting; as, <xex>to cut out</xex> a

garment.</cd> \'bd A large forest <xex>cut out</xex> into

walks.\'b8 <au>Addison</au>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To scheme; to

contrive; to prepare; as, <xex>to cut out</xex> work for another

day.</cd> \'bdEvery man had <xex>cut out</xex> a place <xex>for

himself</xex>.\'b8 <au>Addison</au>. <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To step in

and take the place of; to supplant; as, <xex>to cut out</xex> a

rival. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd> <sd>(e)</sd> <cd>To debar.

\'bdI am <xex>cut out</xex> from anything but common

acknowledgments.\'b8 <au>Pope</au>.</cd> <sd>(f)</sd> <cd>To

seize and carry off (a vessel) from a harbor, or from under the

guns of an enemy.</cd> -- <col>To cut to pieces</col>.

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To cut into pieces; as, <xex>to cut</xex> cloth

<xex>to pieces</xex>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To slaughter; as,

<xex>to cut</xex> an army <xex>to pieces</xex>.</cd> -- <col>To

cut a play</col> <fld>(Drama)</fld>, <cd>to shorten it by leaving

out passages, to adapt it for the stage.</cd> -- <col>To cut

rates</col> <fld>(Railroads, etc.)</fld>, <cd>to reduce the

charges for transportation below the rates established between

competing lines.</cd> -- <col>To cut short</col>, <cd>to arrest

or check abruptly; to bring to a sudden termination.</cd>

\'bdAchilles <xex>cut</xex> him <xex>short</xex>, and thus

replied.\'b8 <au>Dryden</au>. -- <col>To cut stick</col>, <cd>to

make off clandestinely or precipitately.</cd>

<mark>[Slang]</mark> -- <col>To cut teeth</col>, <cd>to put forth

teeth; to have the teeth pierce through the gum and appear.</cd>

-- <col>To have cut one's eyeteeth</col>, <cd>to be sharp and

knowing.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To cut one's wisdom

teeth</col>, <cd>to come to years of discretion.</cd> -- <col>To

cut under</col>, <cd>to undersell; <as>as, <ex>to cut under</ex>

a competitor in trade</as>.</cd> -- <col>To cut up</col>.

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To cut to pieces; <as>as, <ex>to cut up</ex> an

animal, or bushes</as>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To damage or

destroy; to injure; to wound; <as>as, <ex>to cut up</ex> a book

or its author by severe criticism</as>.</cd>  \'bdThis doctrine

<ex>cuts up</ex> all government by the roots.\'b8 <au>Locke</au>.

<sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To afflict; to discourage; to demoralize;

<as>as, the death of his friend <ex>cut</ex> him <ex>up</ex>

terribly</as>.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<au>Thackeray</au>.</cs>



<hw>Cut</hw> <pr>(k?t)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

do the work of an edged tool; to serve in dividing or gashing;

<as>as, a knife <ex>cuts</ex> well</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To admit of incision or severance; to yield to a

cutting instrument.</def>



<q>Panels of white wood that <qex>cuts</qex> like cheese.</q>

<qau>Holmes.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To perform the operation of dividing, severing,

incising, intersecting, etc.; to use a cutting instrument.</def>



<q>He saved the lives of thousands by manner of

<qex>cutting</qex> for the stone.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To make a stroke with a whip.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To interfere, as a horse.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To move or make off quickly.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>To divide a pack of cards into two portion to

decide the deal or trump, or to schange the order of the cards to

be dealt.</def>



<cs><col>To cut across</col>, <cd>to pass over or through in the

most direct way; <as>as, to <ex>cut across</ex> a

field</as>.</cd> -- <col>To cut and run</col>, <cd>to make off

suddenly and quickly; -- from the cutting of a ship's cable, when

there is not time to raise the anchor.</cd>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <mcol><col>To cut in</col> <or/

<col>into</col></mcol>, <cd>to interrupt; to jont an anything

suddenly.</cd> -- <col>To cut up</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To play

pranks. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To divide

into portions well or ill; to have the property left at one's

death turn out well or poorly when divided among heirs, legatees,

etc.</cd>  <mark>[Slang.]</mark> \'bdWhen I die, may I <xex>cut

up</xex> as well as Morgan Pendennis.\'b8</cs>

<au>Thackeray.</au>



<hw>Cut</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An opening made with

an edged instrument; a cleft; a gash; a slash; a wound made by

cutting; <as>as, a sword <ex>cut</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A stroke or blow or cutting motion with an edged

instrument; a stroke or blow with a whip.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which wounds the feelings, as a harsh

remark or criticism, or a sarcasm; personal discourtesy, as

neglecting to recognize an acquaintance when meeting him; a

slight.</def>



<q>Rip called him by name, but the cur snarled, snapped his

teeth, and passed on. This was an unkind <qex>cut</qex>

indeed.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A notch, passage, or channel made by cutting or

digging; a furrow; a groove; <as>as, a <ex>cut</ex> for a

railroad</as>.</def>



<q>This great <qex>cut</qex> or ditch Secostris . . . purposed to

have made a great deal wider and deeper.</q>

<qau>Knolles.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The surface left by a cut; <as>as, a smooth or

clear <ex>cut</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A portion severed or cut off; a division;

<as>as, a <ex>cut</ex> of beef; a <ex>cut</ex> of

timber.</as></def>



<q>It should be understood, moreover, . . . that the group are

not arbitrary <qex>cuts</qex>, but natural groups or types.</q>

<qau>Dana.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>An engraved block or plate; the impression from

such an engraving; <as>as, a book illustrated with fine

<ex>cuts</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The act of dividing a pack

cards.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The right to divide; as, whose

<xex>cut</xex> is it?</def>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>Manner in which a thing is cut or formed; shape;

style; fashion; <as>as, the <ex>cut</ex> of a garment</as>.</def>



<q>With eyes severe and beard of formal <qex>cut</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>10.</sn> <def>A common work horse; a gelding.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>He'll buy me a <qex>cut</qex>, forth for to ride.</q>

<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>



<sn>11.</sn> <def>The failure of a college officer or student to

be present at any appointed exercise.</def> <mark>[College

Cant]</mark>



<sn>12.</sn> <def>A skein of yarn.</def>



<au>Wright.</au>



<cs><col>A cut in rates</col> <fld>(Railroad)</fld>, <cd>a

reduction in fare, freight charges, etc., below the established

rates.</cd> -- <col>A short cut</col>, <cd>a cross route which

shortens the way and cuts off a circuitous passage.</cd> --

<col>The cut of one's jib</col>, <cd>the general appearance of a

person.</cd></cs> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To draw

cuts</col>, <cd>to draw lots, as of paper, etc., cut unequal

lengths.</cd></cs>



<q>Now draweth <qex>cut</qex> . . . 

The which that hath the shortest shall begin.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>Cut</hw> <pr>(k?t)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Gashed or divided, as by a cutting instrument.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Formed or shaped as by cuttting; carved.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Overcome by liquor; tipsy.</def>

<mark>[Slang]</mark>



<cs><col>Cut and dried</col>, <cd>prepered beforehand; not

spontaneous.</cd> -- <col>Cut glass</col>, <cd>glass having a

surface ground and polished in facets or figures.</cd> --

<col>Cut nail</col>, <cd>a nail cut by machinery from a rolled

plate of iron, in distinction from a <xex>wrought

nail</xex>.</cd> -- <col>Cut stone</col>, <cd>stone hewn or

chiseled to shape after having been split from the

quarry.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cu*ta"ne*ous</hw> <pr>(k?-t?"n?-?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>cutan<?/</ets>, fr. L.  <ets>cutis</ets> skin.

See <er>Cuticle</er>.]</ety> <def>Of pertaining to the skin;

existing on, or affecting, the skin; <as>as, a <ex>cutaneous</ex>

disease; <ex>cutaneous</ex> absorption; <ex>cutaneous</ex>

respiration.</as></def>



<hw>Cut"a*way`</hw> <pr>(k?t"?-w?`)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Having a part cut off or away; having the corners rounded or

cut away.</def>



<cs><col>Cutaway coat</col>, <cd>a coat whose skirts are cut away

in front so as not to meet at the bottom.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cutch</hw> <pr>(k?ch; 224)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Catechu</er>.</def>



<hw>Cutch</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See

<er>Cultch</er>.</def>



<hw>Cutch"er*y</hw> <pr>(k?ch"?r-?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Hind. <ets>kachahri</ets>.]</ety> <def>A hindoo hall of

justice.</def>



<au> Malcom.</au>



<hw>Cute</hw> <pr>(k?t)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[An abbrev. of

<ets>acute</ets>.]</ety> <def>Clever; sharp; shrewd; ingenious;

cunning.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Cute"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Acuteness; cunning.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Cut"grass`</hw> <pr>(k?t"gr?s`)</pr>. <def>A grass with

leaves having edges furnished with very minute hooked prickles,

which form a cutting edge; one or more species of

<xex>Leersia</xex>.</def>



<hw>Cu"ti*cle</hw> <pr>(k?"t?-k'l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cuticula</ets>, dim. of <ets>cuttis</ets> skin; akin to E.

<ets>hide</ets> skin of an animal.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The scarfskin or epidermis. See

<er>Skin</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The outermost skin or pellicle

of a plant, found especially in leaves and young stems.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A thin skin formed on the surface of a

liquid.</def>



<hw>Cu*tic"u*lar</hw> <pr>(k?-t?k"?-l?r)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to the cuticle, or external coat of the skin;

epidermal.</def>



<hw>Cu"tin</hw> <pr>(k?"t?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cutis</ets> skin, outside.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The

substance which, added to the material of a cell wall, makes it

waterproof, as in cork.</def>



<hw>Cu`tin*i*za"tion</hw> <pr>(k?`t?n-?-z?"sh?n)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The conversion of cell walls

into a material which repels water, as in cork.</def>



<hw>Cu"tin*ize</hw> <pr>(k?"t?n-?z)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>

<def>To change into cutin.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cu"tis</hw> <pr>(k?"t?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. See

<er>Cuticle</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See

<er>Dermis</er>.</def>



<hw>Cut"lass</hw> <pr>(k?t"l<it>a</it>ss)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl. <plw>Cutlasses</plw> <pr>(-Ez)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[F.

<ets>coutelas</ets> (cf. It. <ets>coltellaccio</ets>), augm. fr.

L. <ets>cuttellus</ets> a smallknife, dim. of <ets>culter</ets>

knife. See <er>Colter</er>, and cf. <er>Curtal ax</er>.]</ety>

<def>A short, heavy, curving sword, used in the navy. See

<er>Curtal ax</er>.</def>



<cs><col>Cutlass fish</col>, <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a

peculiar, long, thin, marine fish (<spn>Trichirus lepturus</spn>)

of the southern United States and West Indies; -- called also

<altname>saber fish</altname>, <altname>silver eel</altname>,

and, improperly, <altname>swordfish</altname>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cut"ler</hw> <pr>(kUt"lEr)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>coteler</ets>, F. <ets>coutelier</ets>, LL.

<ets>cultellarius</ets>, fr. L. <ets>cultellus</ets>. See

<er>Cutlass</er>.]</ety> <def>One who makes or deals in cutlery,

or knives and other cutting instruments.</def>



<hw>Cut"ler*y</hw> <pr>(k?t"l?r-?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The business of a cutler.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Edged or cutting instruments,

collectively.</def>



<hw>Cut"let</hw> <pr>(k?t"l?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>c<?/telette</ets>, prop., little rib, dim. of

<ets>c<?/te</ets> rib, fr. L.  <ets>costa</ets>. See

<er>Coast</er>.]</ety> <def>A piece of meat, especially of veal

or mutton, cut for broiling.</def>



<hw>Cut"ling</hw> <pr>(k?t"l?ng)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>, <ety>[Cf.

<er>Cuttle</er> a knife.]</ety> <def>The art of making edged

tools or cutlery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Cut"-off`</hw> <pr>(k?t"?f`; 115)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>That which cuts off or shortens, as a nearer

passage or road.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The valve

gearing or mechanism by which steam is cut off from entering the

cylinder of a steam engine after a definite point in a stroke, so

as to allow the remainder of the stroke to be made by the

expansive force of the steam already let in.  See <cref>Expansion

gear</cref>, under <er>Expansion</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>Any device for stopping or changing a current, as of grain

or water in a spout.</def>



<hw>Cu"tose</hw> <pr>(k?"t?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. 

<ets>cutis</ets> skin.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A variety

of cellulose, occuring as a fine transparent membrane covering

the aerial organs of plants, and forming an essential ingredient

of cork; by oxidation it passes to suberic acid.</def>



<-- p. 361 -->



<hw>Cut"-out`</hw> <pr>(k?t"out`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Telegraphy)</fld> <def>A species of switch for

changing the current from one circuit to another, or for

shortening a circuit.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Elec.)</fld>

<def>A divice for breaking or separating a portion of

circuit.</def>



<hw>Cut"purse`</hw> <pr>(k?t"p?rs`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

who cuts purses for the sake of stealing them or their contents

(an act common when men wore purses fastened by a string to their

girdles); one who steals from the person; a pickpocket</def>



<q>To have an open ear, a quick eye, and a nimble hand, is

necessary for a <qex>cutpurse</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Cut"ter</hw> <pr>(k?t"t?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who cuts; <as>as, a stone <ex>cutter</ex>; a die

<ex>cutter</ex>; esp., one who cuts out garments.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which cuts; a machine or part of a machine,

or a tool or instrument used for cutting, as that part of a mower

which severs the stalk, or as a paper <xex>cutter</xex>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A fore tooth; an incisor.</def>



<au>Ray.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A boat used by

ships of war.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A fast sailing vessel with

one mast, rigged in most essentials like a sloop. A cutter is

narrower end deeper than a sloop of the same length, and depends

for stability on a deep keel, often heavily weighted with

lead.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A small armed vessel, usually a

steamer, in the revenue marine service; -- also called

<altname>revenue cutter</altname>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A small, light one-horse sleigh.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>An officer in the exchequer who notes by cutting

on the tallies the sums paid.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>A ruffian; a bravo; a destroyer.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>A kind of soft yellow brick, used for facework;

-- so called from the facility with which it can be cut.</def>



<cs><col>Cutter bar</col>.<fld>(Mach.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A

bar which carries a cutter or cutting tool, as in a boring

machine.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The bar to which the triangular

knives of a harvester are attached.</cd> -- <col>Cutter

head</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a rotating head, which itself

forms a cutter, or a rotating stock to which cutters may be

attached, as in a planing or matching machine.</cd></cs>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Cut"throat`</hw> <pr>(k?t"thr?t`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>One who cuts throats; a murderer; an assassin.</def>



<hw>Cut"throat`</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Murderous; cruel;

barbarous.</def>



<hw>Cut"ting</hw> <pr>(k?t"t?ng)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act or process of making an incision, or of severing,

felling, shaping, etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Something cut, cut off, or cut out, as a twig or

<?/<?/ion cut off from a stoock for the purpose of grafting or of

rooting as an independent plant; something cut out of a

newspaper; an excavation cut through a hill or elsewhere to make

a way for a railroad, canal, etc.; a cut.</def>



<hw>Cut"ting</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Adapted to cut;

<as>as, a <ex>cutting</ex> tool</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Chilling; penetratinn; sharp; <as>as, a

<ex>cutting</ex> wind</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Severe; sarcastic; biting; <as>as, a

<ex>cutting</ex> reply</as>.</def>



<hw>Cut"ting*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a cutting

manner.</def>



<hw>Cut"tle</hw> <pr>(k?t"t'l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>cultel</ets>, <ets>coltel</ets>, <ets>coutel</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>cultellus</ets>. See <er>Cutlass</er>.]</ety> <def>A

knife.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bale.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cut"tle</hw> <pr>(k?t"t'l)</pr>,

<hw>Cut"tle*fish`</hw> <pr>(-f?sh`)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[OE. <ets>codule</ets>, AS. <ets>cudele</ets>; akin to G.

<ets>kuttelfish</ets>; cf. G. <ets>k<?/tel</ets>, D.

<ets>keutel</ets>, dirt from the guts, G. <ets>kuttel</ets>

bowels, entrails. AS. <ets>cwip</ets> womb, Gith.

<ets>qipus</ets> belly, womb.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A cephalopod of the genus

<spn>Sepia</spn>, having an internal shell, large eyes, and ten

arms furnished with denticulated suckers, by means of which it

secures its prey. The name is sometimes applied to dibranchiate

cephalopods generally.</def>



<note><hand/ It has an <xex>ink bag</xex>, opening into the

siphon, from which, when pursued, it throws out a dark liquid

that clouds the water, enabling it to escape observation.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A foul-mouthed fellow.</def> \'bdAn you play the

saucy <xex>cuttle</xex> me.\'b8

<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Cut"tle bone`</hw> <pr>(b?n`)</pr>. <def>The shell or bone of

cuttlefishes, used for various purposes, as for making polishing

powder, etc.</def>



<hw>Cut*too" plate`</hw> <pr>(k?t-t??" pl?t`)</pr>. <def>A hood

over the end of a wagon wheel hub to keep dirt away from the

axle.</def>



<hw>Cyt"ty</hw> <pr>(k?t"t?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Ir. &

Gael. <ets>cut</ets> a short tail, <ets>cutach</ets> bobtailed.

See <er>Cut</er>.]</ety> <def>Short; <as>as, a <ex>cutty</ex>

knife; a <ex>cutty</ex> sark.</as></def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Cut"ty</hw> <pr>(k?t"t?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Scotch.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A short spoon.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A short tobacco pipe.</def>



<au>Ramsay.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A light or unchaste woman.</def>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>Cut"ty*stoo`</hw> <pr>(-st??l`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A low stool</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A seat in old Scottish churches, where offenders

were made to sit, for public rebuke by the minister.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cut"wal</hw> <pr>(k?t"w?l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Per.

<ets>kotw<?/l</ets>.]</ety> <def>The chief police officer of a

large city.</def> <mark>[East Indies]</mark>



<hw>Cut"wa`ter</hw> <pr>(k?t"wa`t?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The fore part of a ship's

prow, which cuts the water.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A starling or other structure attached to the

pier of a birdge, with an angle or edge directed up stream, in

order better to resist the action of water, ice, etc.; the

sharpened upper end of the pier itself.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A sea bird of the Atlantic

(<spn>Rhynchops nigra</spn>); -- called also <altname>black

skimmer</altname>, <altname>scissorsbill</altname>, and

<altname>razorbill</altname>. See <er>Skimmer</er>.</def>



<hw>Cut"work`</hw> <pr>(k?t"w?rk`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Fine

Arts)</fld> <def>An ancient term for embroidery, esp. applied to

the earliest form of lace, or to that early embroidery on linen

and the like, from which the manufacture of lace was

developed.</def>



<hw>Cut"worm`</hw> <pr>(-w?rm`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A caterpillar which at night eats off

young plants of cabbage, corn, etc., usually at the ground. Some

kinds ascend fruit trees and eat off the flower buds. During the

day, they conceal themselves in the earth. The common cutworms

are the larv\'91 of various species of <spn>Agrotis</spn> and

related genera of noctuid moths.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cu*vette"</hw> <pr>(k?-w?t")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F., dim. of <ets>cuve</ets> a tub.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A pot, bucket, or basin, in which molten plate

glass is carried from the melting pot to the casting table.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A cunette.</def>



<-- <sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Spectrometry)</fld> <fld>(Analytical

chemistry)</fld> <def>A small vessel with at least two flat and

transparent sides, used to hold a liquid sample to be analysed in

the light path of a spectrometer.</def> <note>The shape and

materials vary; for ultraviolet spectrometry, quartz is typically

used.  For visible-light spectrometry, plastic cuvettes may be

employed.  Occasionally, small vessels used for other laboratory

purposes are called <ex>cuvettes.</ex></note>



<cs><col>cuvette holder</col>, <fld>(Spectrometry)</fld> <cd>A

small device used to hold one or more cuvettes[3], shaped

specifically to fit in the sample chamber of a particular type of

spectrometer, with openings to permit light to pass through the

holder and the cuvettes, and designed so as to hold the cuvette

accurately and reproducibly within the light path of the

spectrometer.  For cuvettes with a square horizontal

cross-section, the compartments will have a corresponding square

cross-section, usu. slightly larger than the cuvette.</cd></cs>

-->



<hw>Cy*am"e*lide</hw> <pr>(s?-?m"?-l?d <or/ -l?d; 104)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white amorphous

substance, regarded as a polymeric modification of isocyanic

acid.</def>



<hw>Cy*am"el*lone</hw> <pr>(s?-?m"?l-l?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem)</fld> <def>A complex derivative of cyanogen, regarded

as an acid, and known chiefly in its salts; -- called also

<altname>hydromellonic acid</altname>.</def>



<hw>Cy"a*nate</hw> <pr>(s?"?-n?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F.  <ets>cuanate</ets>. See <er>Cyanic</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of cyanic acid.</def>



<cs><col>Ammonium cyanate</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a

remarkable white crystalline substance,

<chform>NH4.O.CN</chform>, which passes, on standing, to the

organic compound, urea, <chform>CO.(NH)2</chform>.</cd></cs>

<-- *note* error in urea formula is in the original -->



<hw>Cy`an*au"rate</hw> <pr>(s?`?n-?"r?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>See <er>Aurocyanide</er>.</def>



<hw>Cy*a"ne*an</hw> <pr>(s?-?"n?-a]/>n)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <grk>kya`neos</grk> dark blue.]</ety> <def>Having an

azure color.</def>



<au>Pennant.</au>



<hw>Cy*an"ic</hw> <pr>(s?-?n"?k)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ a dark blue substance: cf. F.

<ets>cyanique</ets>. Cf. <er>Kyanite</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Pertaining to, or containing, cyanogen.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to a blue color.</def>



<cs><col>Cyanic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an acid,

<chform>HOCN</chform>, derived from cyanogen, well known in its

salts, but never isolated in the free state.</cd> -- <col>Cyanic

colors</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>those colors (of flowers)

having some tinge of blue; -- opposed to <xex>xanthic

colors</xex>. A color of either series may pass into red or

white, but not into the opposing color. Red and pure white are

more common among flowers of cyanic tendency than in those of the

other class.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cy"a*nide</hw> <pr>(s?"?-n?d <or/ -n?d; 104)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>cyanide</ets>. See

<er>Cyanic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound formed

by the union of cyanogen with an element or radical.</def>



<hw>Cy"a*nin</hw> <pr>(s?"?-n?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Cyanic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The blue coloring

matter of flowers; -- called also <altname>anthokyan</altname>

and <altname>anthocyanin</altname>.</def>



<hw>Cy"a*nine</hw> <pr>(s?"?-n?n <or/ -n?n; 104)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of a series of

artificial blue or red dyes obtained from quinoline and lepidine

and used in calico printing.</def>



<hw>Cy"a*nite</hw> <pr>(-n?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Cyanic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral occuring

in thin-bladed crystals and crystalline aggregates, of a sky-blue

color. It is a silicate of aluminium.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>kyanite</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Cy*an"o*gen</hw> <pr>(s?-?n"?-j?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ a dark blue substance + <ets>-gen</ets>:

cf. F.  <ets>cyanog\'8ane</ets>. So called because it produced

blue dyes.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless,

inflammable, poisonous gas, <chform>C2N2</chform>, with a

peach-blossom odor, so called from its tendency to form

<xex>blue</xex> compounds; obtained by heating ammonium oxalate,

mercuric cyanide, etc. It is obtained in combination, forming an

alkaline cyanide when nitrogen or a nitrogenous compound is

strongly ignited with carbon and soda or potash. It conducts

itself like a member of the halogen group of elements, and shows

a tendency to form complex compounds. The name is also applied to

the univalent radical, <chform>CN</chform> (the half molecule of

cyanogen proper), which was one of the first compound radicals

recognized.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Cyanogen</xex> is found in the commercial

substances, potassium cyanide, or prussiate of potash, yellow

prussiate of potash, Prussian blue, Turnbull's blue, prussic

acid, etc.</note>



<hw>Cy`a*nom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(s?`?-n?m"?-t?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ a dark blue substance +

<ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F. <ets>cyanom\'8atre</ets>.]</ety>

<def>An instrument for measuring degress of blueness.</def>



<hw>Cy`a*nop"a*thy</hw> <pr>(-n?p"?-th?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ a dark blue substance + <?/<?/<?/<?/

affection.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A disease in which the

body is colored blue in its surface, arising usually from a

malformation of the heart, which causes an imperfect

arterialization of the blood; blue jaundice.</def>



<hw>Cy*an"o*phyll</hw> <pr>(s?-?n"?-f?l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ a dark blue substance + <?/<?/<?/

leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A blue coloring matter

supposed by some to be one of the component parts

ofchlorophyll.</def>



<hw>Cy"a*nosed</hw> <pr>(s?"?-n?st)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Cyanic</er>.]</ety> <def>Rendered blue, as the surface of the

body, from cyanosis or deficient a<?/ration of the blood.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cy`a*no"sis</hw> <pr>(s?`?-n?"s?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL. See <er>Cyanic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A

condition in which, from insufficient a<?/ration of the blood,

the surface of the body becomes blue. See

<er>Cyanopathy</er>.</def>



<hw>Cy*an"o*site</hw> <pr>(s?-?n"?-s?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[See <er>Cyanic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Native

sulphate of copper. Cf. <xex>Blue vitriol</xex>, under

<er>Blue</er>.</def>



<hw>Cy`a*not"ic</hw> <pr>(s?`?-n?t"?k)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Relating to cyanosis; affected with

cyanosis; <as>as, a <ex>cyanotic</ex> patient</as>; having the

hue caused by cyanosis; <as>as, a <ex>cyanitic</ex>

skin</as>.</def>



<hw>Cy*an"o*type</hw> <pr>(s?-?n"?-t?p)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cyanide</ets> + <ets>-type</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

photographic picture obtained by the use of a cyanide.</def>



<hw>Cy"an"u*rate</hw> <pr>(s?-?n"?-r?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of cyanuric acid.</def>



<hw>Cy*an"u*ret</hw> <pr>(-r?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A cyanide.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Cy`a*nu"ric</hw> <pr>(s?`?-n?"r?k)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>  

<ety>[<ets>Cyanic</ets> + <ets>uric</ets>: Cf. F.

<ets>cyanurique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining

to, or derived from, cyanic and uric acids.</def>



<hw>Cyanuric acid</hw> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <def>an organic acid,

<chform>C3O3N3H3</chform>, first obtained by heating

<xex>uric</xex> acid or <xex>urea</xex>, and called

<altname>pyrouric acid</altname>; afterwards obtained from

<xex>isocyanic acid</xex>. It is a white crystalline substance,

odorless and almost tasteless; -- called also

<altname>tricarbimide</altname>.</def>



<hw>Cy*ath"i*form</hw> <pr>(s?-?th"?-f?rm)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>cyathus</ets> a cup (Gr, <grk>ky`aqos</grk>)

<ets>-form</ets>:cf. F.  <ets>cyathiforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>In

the form of a cup, a little widened at the top.</def>



<hw>Cy*ath"olith</hw> <pr>(s?-?th"?-l?th)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <grk>ky`aqos</grk> a cup + <ets>-lith</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A kind of coccolith, which in shape

resembles a minute cup widened at the top, and varies in size

from <frac1x6000/ to <frac1x8000/ of an inch.</def>



<hw>Cy`a*tho*phyl"loid</hw> <pr>(s?`?-th?-f?l"loid)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[NL. <ets>cyathophyllum</ets>, fr. Gr.

<grk>ky`aqos</grk> a cup + <grk>fy`llon</grk> a leaf.]</ety>

<fld>(Pale<?/n.)</fld> <def>Like, or pertaining to, the family

<spn>Cyathophyllid\'91</spn>.</def>



<hw>Cy`a*tho*phyl"loid</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld>

<def>A fossil coral of the family <spn>Cyathophyllid\'91</spn>;

sometimes extended to fossil corals of other related families

belonging to the group Rugosa; -- also called <altname>cup

corals</altname>. Thay are found in paleozoic rocks.</def>



<hw>Cy"cad</hw> <pr>(s?"k?d)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any plant of the natural order

<spn>Cycadece\'91</spn>, as the sago palm, etc.</def>



<hw>Cyc`a*da"ceous</hw> <pr>(s?k`?-d?"sh?s <or/  s?`k?-)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or

resembling, an order of plants like the palms, but having

exogenous wood. The sago palm is an example.</def>



<hw>Cy"cas</hw> <pr>(s?"k?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Of

uncertain origin. Linn\'91us derives it from one of the

\'bdobscure Greek words.\'b8]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

genus of trees, intermediate in character between the palms and

the pines. The pith of the trunk of some species furnishes a

valuable kind of sago.</def>



<hw>Cyc"la*men</hw> <pr>(s?k"l?-m?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>kykla`minos</grk>,

<grk>kyklami`s</grk>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of

plants of the Primrose family, having depressed rounded corms,

and pretty nodding flowers with the petals so reflexed as to

point upwards, whence it is called <altname>rabbit's

ears</altname>. It is also called <altname>sow bread</altname>,

because hogs are said to eat the corms.</def>



<hw>Cyc"la*min</hw> <pr>(-m?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A white

amorphous substance, regarded as a glucoside, extracted from the

corm of <spn>Cyclamen Europ\'91um</spn>.</def>



<hw>Cy"clas</hw> <pr>(s?"kl?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Cf.<er>Ciclatoun</er>.]</ety> <def>A long gown or surcoat

(cut off in front), worn in the Middle Ages. It was sometimes

embroidered or interwoven with gold. Also, a rich stuff from

which the gown was made.</def>



<hw>Cy"cle</hw> <pr>(s?"k'l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>ycle</ets>, LL. <ets>cyclus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/

ring or circle, cycle; akin to Skr. <ets>cakra</ets> wheel,

circle. See <er>Wheel</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An imaginary

circle or orbit in the heavens; one of the celestial

spheres.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An interval of time in which a certain

succession of events or phenomena is completed, and then returns

again and again, uniformly and continually in the same order; a

periodical space of time marked by the recurrence of something

peculiar; <as>as, the <ex>cucle</ex> of the seasons, or of the

year</as>.</def>



<q>Wages . . . bear a full proportion . . . to the medium of

provision during the last bad <qex>cycle</qex> of twenty

years.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An age; a long period of time.</def>



<q>Better fifty years of Europe than a <qex>cycle</qex> of

Cathay.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>An orderly list for a given time; a

calendar.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>We . . . present our gardeners with a complete

<qex>cycle</qex> of what is requisite to be done throughout every

month of the year.</q>

<qau>Evelyn.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The circle of subjects connected with the

exploits of the hero or heroes of some particular period which

have severed as a popular theme for poetry, as the legend aof

Arthur and the knights of the Round Table, and that of

Charlemagne and his paladins.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One entire round in a circle

or a spire; <as>as, a <ex>cycle</ex> or set of leaves</as>.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>A bicycle or tricycle, or other light

velocipede.</def>



<cs><col>Calippic cycle</col>, <cd>a period of 76 years, or four

Metonic cycles; -- so called from Calippus, who proposed it as an

improvement on the Metonic cycle.</cd> -- <col>Cycle of

eclipses</col>, <cd>a priod of about 6,586 days, the time of

revolution of the moon's node; -- called <xex>Saros</xex> by the

Chaldeans.</cd> -- <col>Cycle of indiction</col>, <cd>a period of

15 years, employed in Roman and ecclesiastical chronology, not

founded on any astronomical period, but having reference to

certain judicial acts which took place at stated epochs under the

Greek emperors.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Cycle of the moon</col>, <or/

<col>Metonic cycle</col></mcol>, <cd>a period of 19 years, after

the lapse of which the new and full moon returns to the same day

of the year; -- so called from Meton, who first proposed it.</cd>

-- <mcol><col>Cycle of the sun</col>, <col>Solar

cycle</col></mcol>, <cd>a period of 28 years, at the end of which

time the days of the month return to the same days of the week.

The <xex>dominical</xex> or <xex>Sunday letter</xex> follows the

same order; hence the <xex>solar cycle</xex> is also called the

<xex>cycle of the Sunday letter</xex>. In the Gregorian calendar

the <xex>solar cycle</xex> is in general interrupted at the end

of the century.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cy"cle</hw> <pr>(s?"k'l)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Cycled</er>.

<pr>(-k'ld)</pr>; <pos>p.pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Cycling</er>

<pr>(-kl<?/ng)</pr>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To pass

through a cycle of changes; to recur in cycles.</def>



<au>Tennyson. Darwin.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To ride a bicycle, tricycle, or other form of

cycle.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cyc"lic</hw> <pr>(s?k"l?k <or/ s?"kl?k)</pr>,

<hw>Cyc"lic*al</hw> <pr>(s?k"l?-k<it>a</it>l)</pr>, }</mhw>

<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.  <ets>cycluque</ets>,

Gr.<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/, fr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ See

<er>Cycle</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a cycle or

circle; moving in cycles; <as>as, <ex>cyclical</ex>

time</as>.</def>



<au>Coleridge.</au>



<cs><col>Cyclic chorus</col>, <cd>the chorus which performed the

songs and dances of the dithyrambic odes at Athens, dancing round

the altar of Bacchus in a circle.</cd> -- <col>Cyclic

poets</col>, <cd>certain epic poets who followed Homer, and wrote

merely on the Trojan war and its heroes; -- so called because

keeping within the circle of a singe subject. Also, any series or

coterie of poets writing on one subject.</cd></cs>



<au>Milman.</au>



<hw>Cy"clide</hw> <pr>(s?"kl?d)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/<?/<?/<?/ circle.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A surface of

the fourth degree, having certain special relations to spherical

surfaces. The tore or anchor ring is one of the cyclides.</def>



<hw>Cy"cling</hw> <pr>(s?"kl?ng)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>  <def>The

act, art, or practice, of riding a cycle, esp. a bicycle or

tricycle.</def>



<hw>Cy"clist</hw> <pr>(s?"kl?st)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

cycler.</def>



<hw>Cy"clo-</hw> <pr>(s?"kl?-)</pr>. <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/

circle, wheel.]</ety> <def>A combining form meaning

<xex>circular</xex>, <xex>of a circle</xex> or

<xex>wheel</xex>.</def>



<hw>Cy`clo*bran"chi*ate</hw> <pr>(s?`kl?-br?n"k?-?t)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Cyclo-</ets> +

<ets>branchiate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>Having

the gills around the margin of the body, as certain

limpets.</def>



<hw>Cy`clo*ga"noid</hw> <pr>(s?`kl?-g?"noid <or/ -g?n"oid)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the

Cycloganoidei.</def>



<hw>Cy`clo*ga"noid</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>One of the Cycloganoidei.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cy`clo*ga*noi"de*i</hw> <pr>(s?"kl?-g?-noi"d?-?)</pr>,

<pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ circle + NL.

<ets>ganoidei</ets>. See <er>Ganoid</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of ganoid fishes, having

cycloid scales. The bowfin (<spn>Amia calva</spn>) is a living

example.</def>



<hw>Cy"clo*graph</hw> <pr>(s?"kl?-gr?f)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cyclo-</ets> + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>See

<er>Arcograph</er>.</def>



<hw>Cy"cloid</hw> <pr>(s?"kloid)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cyclo-</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>cyclo\'8bde</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A curve

generated by a point in the plane of a circle when the circle is

rolled along a straight line, keeping always in the same

plane.</def>



<note><hand/ The <xex>common cycloid</xex> is the curve described

when the generating point (<xex>p</xex>) is on the circumference

of the generating circle; the <xex>curtate cycloid</xex>, when

that point lies without the circumference; the <xex>prolate</xex>

or <xex>inflected cycloid</xex>, when the generating point

(<xex>p</xex>) lies within that circumference.</note>



<hw>Cy"cloid</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or

pertaining to the Cycloidei.</def>



<cs><col>Cycloid scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a fish

scale which is thin and shows concentric lines of growth, without

serrations on the margin.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cy"cloid</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One

of the Cycloidei.</def>



<hw>Cy*cloid"al</hw> <pr>(-<it>a</it>l)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to, or resembling, a cycloid; <as>as, the

<ex>cycloidal</ex> space is the space contained between a cycloid

and its base</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Cycloidal engine</col>. <cd>See <er>Geometric

lathe</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Cy*cloi"de*i</hw> <pr>(s?-kloi"d?-?)</pr>, <pos>n.

pl.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ circle +

<ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of

fishes, formerly proposed by Agassiz, for those with thin, smooth

scales, destitute of marginal spines, as the herring and salmon.

The group is now regarded as artificial.</def>



<hw>Cy*cloid"i*an</hw> <pr>(s?-kloid"?-<it>a</it>n)</pr>, <pos>a.

& n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as 2d and 3d

<er>Cycloid</er>.</def>



<hw>Cy*clom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(s?-kl?m"?-t?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cyclo-</ets>  + -meter.]</ety> <def>A contrivance for

recording the revolutions of a wheel, as of a bicycle.</def>



<hw>Cy*clom"e*try</hw> <pr>(-tr?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cyclo-</ets> + <ets>-metry</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>cyclom<?/trie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The art

of measuring circles.</def>



<hw>Cy"clone</hw> <pr>(s?"kl?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr.<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ moving in a circle, p. pr. of

<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/, fr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ circle.]</ety>

<fld>(Meteor.)</fld> <def>A violent storm, often of vast extent,

characterized by high winds rotating about a calm center of low

atmospheric pressure. This center moves onward, often with a

velocity of twenty or thirty miles an hour.</def>



<note><hand/ The atmospheric disturbance usually accompanying a

cyclone, marked by an onward moving area of high pressure, is

called an <xex>anticyclone</xex>.</note>



<hw>Cy*clon"ic</hw> <pr>(s?-kl?n"?k)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to a cyclone.</def>



<hw>Cy"clop</hw> <pr>(s?"kl?p)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See Note

under <er>Cyclops</er>, 1.</def>



<hw>Cy`clo*pe"an</hw> <pr>(s?`kl?-p?"<it>a</it>n)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>Cyclopeus</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/,

fr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ Cyclops: cf. F. <ets>cyclopeen</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Pertaining to the Cyclops; characteristic of the Cyclops;

huge; gigantic; vast and rough; massive; <as>as,

<ex>Cyclopean</ex> labors; <ex>Cyclopean</ex>

architecture.</as></def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cy`clo*pe"di*a</hw> <hw>Cy`clo*p\'91"di*a</hw> }</mhw>

<pr>(s?`kl?-p?"d?-?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., from Gr.

<grk>ky`klos</grk> circle + <grk>paidei`a</grk> the bringing up

of a child, education, erudition, fr. <grk>paidey`ein</grk> to

bring up a child. See <er>Cycle</er>, and cf.

<er>Encyclopedia</er>, <er>Pedagogue</er>.]</ety> <def>The circle

or compass of the arts and sciences (originally, of the seven

so-called liberal arts and sciences); circle of human knowledge.

Hence, a work containing, in alphabetical order, information in

all departments of knowledge, or on a particular department or

branch; <as>as, a <ex>cyclopedia</ex> of the physical sciences,

or of mechanics</as>. See <er>Encyclopedia</er>.</def>



<hw>Cy`clo*ped"ic</hw> <pr>(s?`kl?-p?d"?k <or/  -p?"d?k)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <def>Belonging to the circle of the sciences, or to

a cyclopedia; of the nature of a cyclopedia; hence, of great

range, extent, or amount; <as>as, a man of <ex>cyclopedic</ex>

knowledge</as>.</def>



<hw>Cy`clo*pe"dist</hw> <pr>(-p?"d?st)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

maker of, or writer for, a cyclopedia.</def>



<hw>Cy*clop"ic</hw> <pr>(s?-kl?p"?k)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/, fr. <?/<?/<?/<?/.]</ety>

<def>Pertaining to the Cyclops; Cyclopean.</def>



<hw>Cy"clops</hw> <pr>(s?"kl?ps)</pr>, <pos>n. sing. & pl.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>Cyclops</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ (strictly

round-eyed), pl. <?/<?/<?/<?/;<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ circle + <?/<?/

eye.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Gr. Myth.)</fld> <def>One of a race

of giants, sons of Neptune and Amphitrite, having but one eye,

and that in the middle of the forehead. They were fabled to

inhabit Sicily, and to assist in the workshops of Vulcan, under

Mt. Etna.</def>



<note><hand/ Pope, in his translation of the \'bdOdyssey,\'b8

uniformly spells this word <xex>Cyclop</xex>, when used in the

singular.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of minute

Entomostraca, found both in fresh and salt water. See

<er>Copepoda</er>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A portable forge, used by tinkers, etc.</def>



<hw>Cy`clo*ra"ma</hw> <pr>(s?`kl?-r?"m?  <or/ -r?"m?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Cyclo-</ets> + <ets>Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/

sight, spectacle.]</ety> <def>A pictorial view which is extended

circularly, so that the spectator is surrounded by the objects

represented as by things in nature. The realistic effect is

increased by putting, in the space between the spectator and the

picture, things adapted to the scene represented, and in some

places only parts of these objects, the completion of them being

carried out pictorially.</def>



<hw>Cy"clo*scope</hw> <pr>(s?"kl?-sk?p)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cyclo-</ets> + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

machine for measuring at any moment velocity of rotation, as of a

wheel of a steam engine.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>\'d8Cy*clo"sis</hw> <pr>(s?-kl?"s?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ circulation, from <?/<?/<?/<?/.

See <er>Cyclone</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The

circulation or movement of protoplasmic granules within a living

vegetable cell.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cy`clo*stom"a*ta</hw>

<pr>(s?`kl?-st?m"?-t?)</pr><def>,</def>



<hw>\'d8Cy*clos"to*ma</hw> <pr>(s?-kl?s"t?-m?)</pr>,, <pos>n.

pl.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ circle + <?/<?/<?/<?/,

-<?/<?/ mouth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of

Bryozoa, in which the cells have circular apertures.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cy"clo*stome</hw> <pr>(s?"kl?-st?m)</pr>,

<hw>Cy*clos"to*mous</hw> <pr>(s?-kl?s"t?-m?s)</pr> }</mhw>,

<pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the

Cyclostomi.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cy*clos"to*mi</hw> <pr>(s?-kl?s"t?-m?)</pr>, <pos>n.

pl.</pos> <ety>[NL. See <er>Cyclostomata</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A glass of fishes having a suckerlike

mouth, without jaws, as the lamprey; the Marsipobranchii.</def>



<hw>Cy`clo*sty"lar</hw> <pr>(s?`kl?-st?"?r)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cyclo-</ets> + <ets>Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ column.]</ety>

<def>Relating to a structure composed of a circular range of

columns, without a core or building within.</def>



<au>Weale.</au>



<hw>Cy"clo*style</hw> <pr>(s?"kl?-st?l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cyclo</ets> + <ets>style</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

contrivance for producing manifold copies of writing or drawing.

The writing or drawing is done with a style carrying a small

wheel at the end which makes minute punctures in the paper, thus

converting it into a stencil. Copies are transferred with an

inked roller.</def>



<hw>Cy"der</hw> <pr>(s?"d?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Cider</er>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<hw>Cy*do"nin</hw> <pr>(s?-d?"n?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A peculiar mucilaginous substance

extracted from the seeds of the quince (<spn>Cydonia

vulgaris</spn>), and regarded as a variety of amylose.</def>



<hw>Cyg"net</hw> <pr>(s?g"n?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Dim. of

F. <ets>cygne</ets> swan, L. <ets>cycnus</ets>.

<ets>cygnus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/: but F.

<ets>cugne</ets> seems to be an etymological spelling of OF.

<ets>cisne</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>cecinus</ets>, <ets>cicinus</ets>,

perh. ultimately also fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A young swan.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Cyg"nus</hw> <pr>(s?g"n?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a

swan.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A constellation of the

northern hemisphere east of, or following, Lyra; the Swan.</def>



<hw>Cyl"in*der</hw> <pr>(s?l"?n-d?r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>cylindre</ets>, OF. <ets>cilindre</ets>, L.

<ets>cylindrus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/, fr.

<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/,<?/<?/<?/<?/, to roll. Cf. <er>Calender</er>

the machine.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A solid body

which may be generated by the rotation of a parallelogram round

one its sides; or a body of rollerlike form, of which the

longitudinal section is oblong, and the cross section is

circular.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The space inclosed by any

cylindrical surface. The space may be limited or unlimited in

length.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any hollow body of cylindrical form</def>, as:

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>The chamber of a steam engine in which the

piston is moved by the force of steam.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>The barrel of an air or other pump.</def> <sd>(c)</sd>

<fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>The revolving platen or bed which

produces the impression or carries the type in a cylinder

press.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>The bore of a gun; the turning

chambered breech of a revolver.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The revolving square prism carryng the cards in

a Jacquard loom.</def>



<cs><col>Cylinder axis</col>. <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <cd>See<xex>Axis

cylinder</xex>, under <er>Axis</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cylinder

engine</col> <fld>(Paper Making)</fld>, <cd>a machine in which a

cylinder takes up the pulp and delivers it in a continuous sheet

to the dryers.</cd> -- <col>Cylinder escapement</col>. <cd>See

<er>Escapement</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cylinder glass</col>. <cd>See

<er>Glass</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cylinder mill</col>. <cd>See

<er>Roller mill</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cylinder press</col>. <cd>See

<er>Press</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cyl`in*dra"ceous</hw> <pr>(-dr?"sh?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>cylyndrac<?/</ets>]</ety> <def>Cylindrical, or

approaching a cylindrical form.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cy*lin"dric</hw> <pr>(s?-l?n"dr?k)</pr>,

<hw>Cy*lin"dric*al</hw> <pr>(-dr?-k<it>a</it>l)</pr>, }</mhw>

<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/, from <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/

cylinder: cf. F. <ets>cylindrique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the

form of a cylinder, or of a section of its convex surface;

partaking of the properties of the cylinder.</def>



<cs><col>Cylindrical lens</col>, <cd>a lens having one, or more

than one, cylindrical surface.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Cylindric, <or/

Cylindrical</col>, <col>surface</col></mcol> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>,

<cd>a surface described by a straight line that moves according

to any law, but so as to be constantly parallel to a given

line.</cd> -- <col>Cylindrical vault</col>. <fld>(Arch.)</fld>

<cd>See under <er>Vault</er>, <pos>n.</pos></cd></cs>



<hw>Cy*lin"dric*al*ly</hw> <pr>(s?-l?n"dr?-k<it>a</it>l-l?)</pr>,

<pos>adv.</pos> <def>In the manner or shape of a cylinder; so as

to be cylindrical.</def>



<hw>Cyl*`in*dric"i*ty</hw> <pr>(s?l`?n-dr?s"?-t?)</pr>,

<pos>n</pos> <def>The quality or condition of being

cylindrical.</def>



<hw>Cy*lin"dri*form</hw> <pr>(s?-l?n"dr?-f?rm)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>cylindrus</ets> (Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/)

cylinder + <ets>-form</ets>: cf.F.

<ets>cylindriforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of a

cylinder.</def>



<hw>Cyl"in*droid</hw> <pr>(s?l"?n-droid)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ cylinder + <ets>-oid</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>cylindro<?/de</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A solid body

resembling a right cylinder, but having the bases or ends

elliptical.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A certain surface of the

third degree, described by a moving straight line; -- used to

illustrate the motions of a rigid body and also the forces acting

on the body.</def>



<hw>Cy*lin`dro*met"ric</hw> <pr>(s?-l?n`dr?-m?t"r?k)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.<?/<?/<?/<?/ + <?/<?/<?/<?/

measure.]</ety> <def>Belonging to a scale used in measuring

cylinders.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cy"ma</hw> <pr>(s?"m?)</pr> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.

Gr. <?/<?/<?/ See <er>Cyme</er>]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A member or molding of the

cornice, the profile of which is wavelike in form.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A cyme. See

<er>Cyme</er>.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Cyma recta<col>, <or/ <col>Cyma</col>, <cd>a cyma,

hollow in its upper part and swelling below.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Cyma reversa</col>, <or/ <col>Ogee</col>, <cd>a cyma

swelling out on the upper part and hollow below.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cy*mar"</hw> <pr>(s?-m?r")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>simarre</ets>. See <er>Chimere</er>.]</ety> <def>A sight

covering; a scarf. See <er>Simar</er>.</def>



<q>Her body shaded with a light <qex>cymar</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Cy*ma"ti*um</hw> <pr>(s?-m?"sh?-?m)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/, dim. of <?/<?/<?/<?/ a

wave.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A capping or crowning

molding in classic architecture.</def>



<hw>Cym"bal</hw> <pr>(s?m"b<it>a</it>l)</pr>. <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[OE. <ets>cimbale</ets>, <ets>simbale</ets>, OF.

<ets>cimbale</ets>, F.  <ets>cymbale</ets>, L.

<ets>cymbalum</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/, fr. <?/<?/<?/<?/,

<?/<?/<?/<?/, anything hollow, hollow vessel, basin, akin to Skr.

<ets>kubha</ets> pot. Cf. <er>Chime</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A musical instrument used by the ancients. It is supposed to

have been similar to the modern kettle drum, though perhaps

smaller.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A musical instrument of brass, shaped like a

circular dish or a flat plate, with a handle at the back; -- used

in pairs to produce a sharp ringing sound by clashing them

together.</def>



<note><hand/ In orchestras, one cymbal is commonly attached to

the bass drum, and the other heid in the drummer's left hand,

while his right hand uses the drumstick.</note>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A musical instrument used by gypsies and others,

made of steel wire, in a triangular form, on which are movable

rings.</def>



<hw>Cym"bal*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A performer upon

cymbals.</def>



<hw>Cym"bi*form</hw> <pr>(s?m"b?-f?rm)</pr>,, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>cymba</ets> boat (Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/) +

<ets>-form</ets>: cf. F. <ets>cymbiforme</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Shaped like a boat; <fld>(Bot.)</fld> elongated and having

the upper surface decidedly concave, as the glumes of many

grasses.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cym"bi*um</hw> <pr>(s?m"b?-?m)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L., a small cup, fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of marine univalve shells; the

gondola.</def>



<hw>Cyme</hw> <pr>(s?m)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cyma</ets> the young sprount of a cabbage, fr. Gr.

<?/<?/<?/, prop., anything swollen, hence also cyme, wave, fr.

<?/<?/<?/ to be pregnant.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

flattish or convex flower cluster, of the centrifugal or

determinate type, differing from a corymb chiefly in the order of

the opening of the blossoms.</def>



<hw>Cy"mene</hw> <pr>(s?"m?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless, liquid, combustible

hydrocarbon, <chform>CH3.C6H4.C3H7<chform>, of pleasant odor,

obtained from oil of cumin, oil of caraway, carvacrol, camphor,

etc.; -- called also <altname>paracymene</altname>, and formerly

<altname>camphogen</altname>.</def>



<hw>Cy"me*nol</hw> <pr>(s?"m?-n?l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Carvacrol</er>.</def>



<hw>Cy"mi*dine</hw> <pr>( s?"m?-d?n <or/ -d?n; 104)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A liquid organic base,

<chform>C10H13.NH2</chform>, derived from cymene.</def>



<hw>Cy*mif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(s?-m?f"?r-?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cyme</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Producing

cymes.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cym"ling</hw>, <hw>Cymb"ling</hw> <pr>(s?m"l?ng)</pr>

}</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A scalloped or \'bdpattypan\'b8

variety of summer squash.</def>



<hw>Cy"mo*gene</hw> <pr>(s?"m?-j?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A highly volatile liquid, condensed by

cold and pressure from the first products of the distillation of

petroleum; -- used for producing low temperatures.</def>



<hw>Cy"moid</hw> <pr>(s?"moid)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cyme</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Having the form of a cyme.</def>



<hw>Cym"o*phane</hw> <pr>(s?m"?-f?n <or/ s?"m?-)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.<?/<?/<?/ wave + <?/<?/<?/ To appear: cf.

F. <ets>cymophane</ets>. So named in allusion to a peculiar

opalescence often seen in it.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>See

<er>Chrysoberyl</er>.</def>



<hw>Cy*moph"a*nous</hw> <pr>(s?-m?f"?-n?s <or/ s?-)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a wavy, floating light; opalescent;

chatoyant.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cy"mose</hw> <pr>(s?"m?s; 277)</pr>, <hw>Cy"mous</hw>

<pr>(s?"m?s)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cymosus</ets> full of shoots: cf. FF. <ets>cymeux</ets>. See

Cyme.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the nature of a cyme,

or derived from a cyme; bearing, or pertaining to, a cyme or

cymes.</def>



<hw>Cym"ric</hw> <pr>(k?m"r?k)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[W.

<ets>Cymru</ets> Wales.]</ety> <def>Welsh.</def> --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>The Welsh language.</def></def2>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>Kymric</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Cym"ry</hw> <pr>(-r?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[W.,

<ets>pl</ets>.]</ety> <def>A collective term for the Welsh race;

-- so called by themselves .</def> <altsp>[<asp>Written also

Cymri</asp>, <asp>Cwmry</asp>, <asp>Kymry</asp>, etc.]</altsp>



<hw>Cy"mule</hw> <pr>(s?"m?l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. L.

<ets>cymula</ets> a tender sprout, dim. of <ets>cyna</ets>. See

<er>Cyme</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small cyme, or one

of very few flowers.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cy*nan"che</hw> <pr>(s?-n?n"k?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ a dog's collar, a bad kind of

sore throat. Cf. <er>Quinsy</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>Any disease of the tonsils, throat, or windpipe, attended

with inflammation, swelling, and difficulty of breathing and

swallowing.</def>



<hw>Cy*nan"thro*py</hw> <pr>(s?-n?n"thr?-p?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ of a dog-man; <?/<?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/,

dog + <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ man: cf. F. <ets>cynanthropie</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A kind of madness in which men fancy

themselves changed into dogs, and imitate the voice and habits of

that animal.</def>



<hw>Cyn`arc*tom"a*chy</hw> <pr>(s?n`?rk-t?m"?-k?)</pr>.

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/<?/, dog +

<?/<?/<?/ bear + <?/<?/<?/ fight.]</ety> <def>Bear baiting with a

dog.</def>



<au>Hudibras.</au>



<hw>Cyn`ar*rho"di*um</hw> <pr>(s?n`?r-r?"d?-?m)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ dog-rose;

<?/<?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/, dog + <?/<?/<?/ rose.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A fruit like that of the rose, consisting

of a cup formed of the calyx tube and receptacle, and containing

achenes.</def>



<-- p. 363 -->



<hw>Cyn`e*get"ics</hw> <pr>(s?n`?-j?t"?ks)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ (sc. <?/<?/<?/ art), fr. <?/<?/<?/<?/

hunter; <?/<?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/<?/, dog + <?/<?/<?/ to

lead.]</ety> <def>The art of hunting with dogs.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cyn"ic</hw> <pr>(s?n"?k)</pr>, <hw>Cyn"ic*al</hw>

<pr>(-?-k<it>a</it>l)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>cynicus</ets> of the sect of Cynics, fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/,

prop., dog-like, fr. <?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/, dog. See

<er>Hound</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having the qualities of a

surly dog; snarling; captious; currish.</def>



<q>I hope it is no very <qex>cynical</qex> asperity not to

confess obligations where no benefit has been received.</q>

<qau>Johnson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Pertaining to the Dog Star; <as>as, the

<ex>cynic</ex>, or Sothic, year; <ex>cynic</ex> cycle.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Belonging to the sect of philosophers called

cynics; having the qualities of a cynic; pertaining to, or

resembling, the doctrines of the cynics.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Given to sneering at rectitude and the conduct

of life by moral principles; disbelieving in the reality of any

human purposes which are not suggested or directed by

self-interest or self-indulgence; <as>as, a <ex>cynical</ex> man

who scoffs at pretensions of integrity</as>; characterized by

such opinions; <as>as, <ex>cynical</ex> views of human

nature</as>.</def>



<note><hand/ In prose, <xex>cynical</xex> is used rather than

<xex>cynic</xex>, in the senses 1 and 4.</note>



<cs><col>Cynic spasm</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a convulsive

contraction of the muscles of one side of the face, producing a

sort of grin, suggesting certain movements in the upper lip of a

dog.</cd></cs>



<hw>Cyn"ic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Gr. Philos)</fld>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>One of a sect or school of philosophers founded

by Antisthenes, and of whom Diogenes was a disciple. The first

Cynics were noted for austere lives and their scorn for social

customs and current philosophical opinions. Hence the term Cynic

symbolized, in the popular judgment, moroseness, and contempt for

the views of others.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who holds views resembling those of the

Cynics; a snarler; a misanthrope; particularly, a person who

believes that human conduct is directed, either consciously or

unconsciously, wholly by self-interest or self-indulgence, and

that appearances to the contrary are superficial and

untrustworthy.</def>



<q>He could obtain from one morose <qex>cynic</qex>, whose

opinion it was impossible to despise, scarcely any not acidulated

with scorn.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Cyn"ic*al*ly</hw> <pr>(s?n"?-k<it>a</it>l-l?)</pr>,

<pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a cynical manner.</def>



<hw>Cyn"ic*al*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

cynical.</def>



<hw>Cyn"i*cism</hw> <pr>(s?n"?-s?z'm)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>The doctrine of the Cynics; the quality of being cynical;

the mental state, opnions, or conduct, of a cynic; morose and

contemptuous views and opinions.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cy*noi"de*a</hw> <pr>(s?-noi"d?-a)</pr>, <pos>n.

pl.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/, a dog +

<ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of

Carnivora, including the dogs, wolves, and foxes.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cyn`o*rex"i*a</hw> <pr>(s?n`?-r?ks"?-?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/, dog +

<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ appetite. ]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A

voracious appetite, like that of a starved dog.</def>



<hw>Cy`no*su"ral</hw> <pr>(s?`n?-sh?"r<it>a</it>l <or/ 

s?n`?-)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a

cynosure.</def>



<hw>Cy"no*sure</hw> <pr>(s?"n?-sh?r <or/ s?n"?-sh?r; 277)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>Cynosura</ets> theconstellation

Cynosure, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ dog's tail, the constellation

Cynosure; <?/<?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/<?/, dog + <?/<?/<?/<?/ tail.

See<er>Cynic</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The constellation of

the Lesser Bear, to which, as containing the polar star, the eyes

of mariners and travelers were often directed.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which serves to direct.</def>



<au>Southey.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Anything to which attention is strongly turned;

a center of attraction.</def>



<q>Where perhaps some beauty lies,

The <qex>cynosure</qex> of neighboring eyes.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Cy"on</hw> <pr>(s?"?n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Cion</er>, and <er>Scion</er>.</def>



<hw>Cyp`er*a"ceous</hw> <pr>(s?p`?r-?"sh?s <or/ s?`p?r-)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or

resembling, a large family of plants of which the sedge is the

type.</def>



<hw>Cyp"e*rus</hw> <pr>(s?p"?-r?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

from Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ sedge.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

large genus of plants belonging to the Sedge family, and

including the species called galingale, several bulrushes, and

the Egyptian papyrus.</def>



<hw>Cy"pher</hw> <pr>(s?"f?r)</pr>, <pos>n. & v.</pos> <def>See

<er>Cipher</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cyph`o*nau"tes</hw> <pr>(s?f`?-n?"t?z)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/ bent + <?/<?/<?/<?/

sailor.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The free-swimming,

bivalve larva of certain Bryozoa.</def>



<hw>Cyph"o*nism</hw> <pr>(s?f`?-n?z'm <or/ s<?/"f<?/-)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/, fr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ a crooked

piece of wood, a sort of pillory, fr. <?/<?/<?/ bent,

stooping.]</ety> <def>A punishment sometimes used by the

ancients, consisting in the besmearing of the criminal with

honey, and exposing him to insects. It is still in use among some

Oriental nations.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cy*pr\'91"a</hw> <pr>(s?-pr?"?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL.; cf. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ a name of Venus.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of mollusks, including the

cowries. See <er>Cowrie</er>.</def>



<hw>Cy`pres"</hw> <pr>(s?`pr?"  <or/ s?`pr?s")</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF., nearly.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A

rule for construing written instruments so as to conform as

nearly to the intention of the parties as is consistent with

law.</def>



<au>Mozley & W.</au>



<hw>Cy"press</hw> <pr>(s?"pr?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Cypresses</plw> (-<?/z).</plu> <ety>[OE. <ets>cipres</ets>,

<ets>cipresse</ets>, OF. <ets>cipres</ets>, F. 

<ets>cypr<?/s</ets>, L.  <ets>cupressus</ets>,

<ets>cyparissus</ets> (cf. the usual Lat. form

<ets>cupressus</ets>), fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/, perh. of Semitic

origin; cf. Heb. <ets>g<?/pher</ets>, Gen. vi. 14.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot)</fld> <def>A coniferous tree of the genus

<spn>Cupressus</spn>. The species are mostly evergreen, and have

wood remarkable for its durability.</def>



<note><hand/ Among the trees called <xex>cypress</xex> are the

common Oriental cypress, <spn>Cupressus sempervirens</spn>, the

evergreen American cypress, <spn>C. thyoides</spn> (now called

<spn>Chamaecyparis sphaeroidea</spn>), and the deciduous American

cypress, <spn>Taxodium distichum</spn>. As having anciently been

used at funerals, and to adorn tombs, the Oriental species is an

emblem of mourning and sadness.</note>



<cs><col>Cypress vine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a climbing

plant with red or white flowers (<spn>Ipot\'d2a Quamoclit</spn>,

formerly <spn>Quamoclit vulgaris</spn>).</cd></cs>



<hw>Cyp"ri*an</hw> <pr>(s?p"r?-a]/>n)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>Cyprius</ets>, fr. <ets>Cyprus</ets>, Gr.

<?/<?/<?/<?/, an island in the Mediterranean, renowned for the

worship of Venus.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Belonging to

Cyprus.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of, pertaining, or conducing to, lewdness.</def>



<hw>Cyp"ri*an</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A native or

inhabitant of Cyprus, especially of ancient Cyprus; a

Cypriot.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A lewd woman; a harlot.</def>



<hw>Cyp"rine</hw> <pr>(s?p"r?n <or/ s?"pr?n)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. <er>Cypress</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the

cypress.</def>



<hw>Cyp"rine</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Cyprinoid</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>Cyprinoid.</def>



<hw>Cy*prin"o*dont</hw> <pr>(s?-pr?n"?-d?nt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ kind of carp + <?/<?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/<?/,

a tooth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the

<spn>Cyprinodontidae</spn>, a family of fishes including the

killifishes or minnows. See <er>Minnow</er>.</def>



<hw>Cyp"ri*noid</hw> <pr>(s?p"r?-noid)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ a kind of carp + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like the carp

(<spn>Cyprinus</spn>).</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> One of

the <spn>Cyprinidae</spn>, or Carp family, as the goldfish,

barbel, etc.</def></def2>



<hw>Cyp"ri*ot</hw> <pr>(s?p"r?-?t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>Cypriot</ets>, <ets>Chypriot</ets>.]</ety> <def>A native or

inhabitant of Cyprus.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cyp`ri*pe"di*um</hw> <pr>(s?p`r?-p?"d?-?m)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. <ets>Cypris</ets> Venus +

<ets>pes</ets>, <ets>pedis</ets>, foot.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A genus of orchidaceous plants including the lady's

slipper.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cy"pris</hw> <pr>(s?"pr?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Cyprides</plw> <pr>(s<?/p"r<?/-d<?/z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L.

<ets>Cypris</ets>, the Cyprian goddess Venus, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/.

See <er>Cyprian</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus

of small, bivalve, freshwater Crustacea, belonging to the

Ostracoda; also, a member of this genus.</def>



<hw>Cy"prus</hw> <pr>(s?"pr?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>cipres</ets>, <ets>cypirs</ets>; perh. so named as being

first manufactured in Cyprus. Cf. <er>Cipers</er>.]</ety> <def>A

thin, transparent stuff, the same as, or corresponding to, crape.

It was either white or black, the latter being most common, and

used for mourning.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Lawn as white as driven snow,

<qex>Cyprus</qex> black as e'er was crow.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Cy"prus*lawn`</hw> <pr>(-l?n`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same

as <er>Cyprus</er>.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>\'d8Cyp"se*la</hw> <pr>(s?p"s?-l?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ any hollow vessel.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A one-seeded, one-called, indehiscent

fruit; an achene with the calyx tube adherent.</def>



<hw>Cyp*sel"i*form</hw> <pr>(s?p-s?l"?-f?rm)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>cypselus</ets> a kind of swallow, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/

+ <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or

belonging to the swifts (<spn>Cypselid\'91</spn>.)</def>



<hw>Cyr`e*na"ic</hw> <pr>(s?r`?-n?"?k <or/ s?`r?-)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>Cyrenaicus</ets>, fr.

<ets>Cyrene</ets>, in Libya.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to Cyrenaica,

an ancient country of northern Africa, and to Cyrene, its

principal city; also, to a school of philosophy founded by

Aristippus, a native of Cyrene.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos>

<def> A native of Cyrenaica; also, a disciple of the school of

Aristippus. See <er>Cyrenian</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def></def2>



<hw>Cy*re"ni*an</hw> <pr>(s?-r?"n?-a]/>n)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to Cyrene, in Africa; Cyrenaic.</def>



<hw>Cy*re"ni*an</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A native or

inhabitant of Cyrene.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One of a school of philosophers, established at

Cyrene by Aristippus, a disciple of Socrates. Their doctrines

were nearly the same as those of the Epicureans.</def>



<hw>Cyr`i*o*log"ic</hw> <pr>(s?r`?-?-l?j"?k <or/ s?`r?-)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Curiologic</er>.]</ety> <def>Relating

to capital letters.</def>



<hw>Cyr"to*style</hw> <pr>(s?r"t?-st?l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ bent + <?/<?/<?/ pillar.]</ety>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A circular projecting portion.</def>



<hw>Cyst</hw> <pr>(s?st)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/<?/<?/<?/ bladder, bag, pouch, fr. <?/<?/<?/ to be pregnant.

Cf. <er>Cyme</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A pouch or sac without opening, usually

membranous and containing morbid matter, which is accidentally

developed in one of the natural cavaties or in the substance of

an organ.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In old authors, the urinary

bladder, or the gall bladder.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>cystis</asp>.]</altsp>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of the bladders or air

vessels of certain alg\'91, as of the great kelp of the Pacific,

and common rockweeds (<spn>Fuci</spn>) of our shores.</def>



<au>D. C. Eaton.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small

capsule or sac of the kind in which many immature entozoans exit

in the tissues of living animals; also, a similar form in

Rotifera, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A form assumed by Protozoa

inwhich they become saclike and quiescent. It generally precedes

the production of germs. See <er>Encystment</er>.</def>



<hw>Cyst"ed</hw> <pr>(s?s"t?d)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Inclosed

in a cyst.</def>



<hw>Cyst"ic</hw> <pr>(s?s"t?k)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>cystique</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having the form of,

or living in, a cyst; <as>as, the <ex>cystic</ex>

entozoa</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Containing cysts; cystose; <as>as,

<ex>cystic</ex> sarcoma</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or contained

in, a cyst; esp., pertaining to, or contained in, either the

urinary bladder or the gall bladder.</def>



<cs><col>Cystic duct</col>, <cd>the duct from the gall bladder

which unites with the hepatic to form the common bile duct.</cd>

-- <col>Cystic worm</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a larval

tape worm, as the cysticercus and echinococcus.</cd></cs>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cys"ti*cerce</hw> <pr>(s?s"t?-s?rs)</pr>,

<hw>Cys`ti*cer"cus</hw> <pr>(-s?r"k?s)</pr>, }</mhw>

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL. <ets>cysticercus</ets>, fr. Gr.

<?/<?/<?/<?/ bladder + <?/<?/<?/<?/ tail: cf. F.

<ets>cysticerque</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The

larval form of a tapeworm, having the head and neck of a tapeworm

attached to a saclike body filled with fluid; -- called also

<altname>bladder worm</altname>, <altname>hydatid</altname>, and

<altname>measle</altname> (as, pork <xex>measle</xex>).</def>



<note><hand/ These larvae live in the tissues of various living

animals, and, when swallowed by a suitable carnivorous animal,

develop into adult tapeworms in the intestine. See

<er>Measles</er>, 4, <er>Tapeworm</er>.</note>



<hw>Cys"ti*cule</hw> <pr>(s?s"t?-k?l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Dim. of <ets>cyst</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>An

appendage of the vestibular ear sac of fishes.</def>



<au>Owen.</au>



<hw>Cys"tid</hw> <pr>(s?s"t?d)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Cystidea.</def>



<hw>\'d8Cys*tid"e*a</hw> <pr>(s?s-t?d"?-?)</pr>, <pos>n.

pl.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ a bladder,

pouch.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of Crinoidea,

mostly fossils of the Paleozoic rocks. They were usually roundish

or egg-shaped, and often unsymmetrical; some were sessile, others

had short stems.</def>



<hw>Cys*tid"e*an</hw> <pr>(-t?d"?-a]/>n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Cystidea.</def>



<hw>Cyst"ine</hw> <pr>(s?s"t?n; 104)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[See <er>Cyst</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld>

<def>A white crystalline substance, <chform>C3H7NSO2</chform>,

containing sulphur, occuring as a constituent of certain rare

urinary calculi, and occasionally found as a sediment in

urine.</def><-- cysteine? -->



<hw>Cys"tis</hw> <pr>(s?s"t?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>A cyst. See <er>Cyst</er>.</def>



<hw>Cys*ti"tis</hw> <pr>(s?s-t?"t?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Cyst</ets> +  <ets>-itis</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>cystite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of

the bladder.</def>



<hw>Cys"to*carp</hw> <pr>(s?s"t?-k?rp)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ bladder + <?/<?/<?/<?/ fruit.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A minute vesicle in a red seaweed, which

contains the reproductive spores.</def>



<hw>Cys"to*cele</hw> <pr>(-s?l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/<?/<?/<?/ bladder + <?/<?/<?/ tumor: cf. F.

<ets>cystocele</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Hernia in

which the urinary bladder protrudes; vesical hernia.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cys"toid</hw>, <hw>Cys*toid"e*an</hw>  }</mhw>,

<pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as <er>Cystidean</er>.</def>



<hw>Cys*toi"de*a</hw> <pr>(s?s-toi"d?-?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Same as <er>Cystidea</er>.</def>



<hw>Cys"to*lith</hw> <pr>(s?s"t?-l?th)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ bladder + <ets>-lith</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A concretion of mineral matter

within a leaf or other part of a plant.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A urinary calculus.</def>



<hw>Cys`to*lith"ic</hw> <pr>(-l?th"?k)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Relating to stone in the bladder.</def>



<hw>Cys"to*plast</hw> <pr>(-pl?st)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/<?/<?/<?/ bladder + <?/<?/<?/ to form.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A nucleated cell having an envelope or

cell wall, as a red blood corpuscle or an epithelial cell; a cell

concerned in growth.</def>



<hw>Cyst"ose</hw> <pr>(s?s"t?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Containing, or resembling, a cyst or cysts; cystic;

bladdery.</def>



<hw>Cys"to*tome</hw> <pr>(s?s"t?-t?m)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/ bladder + <?/<?/<?/<?/ to cut: cf. F.

<ets>cystotome</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>A knife or

instrument used in cystotomy.</def>



<hw>Cys*tot"o*my</hw> <pr>(s??s-t?t"?-m?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ bladder + <?/<?/<?/<?/ to cut: cf. F.

<ets>cystotomie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or practice of opening

cysts; esp., the operation of cutting into the bladder, as for

the extraction of a calculus.</def>



<hw>Cyth`er*e"an</hw> <pr>(s?th`?r--?"<it>a</it>n)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>Cythereus</ets>, from

<ets>Cythera</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/, now <ets>Cerigo</ets>, an

island in the \'92gean Sea, celebrated for the worship of

Venus.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the goddess Venus.</def>



<hw>Cy"to*blast</hw> <pr>(s?"t?-bl?st)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ hollow vessel + <ets>-blast</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The nucleus of a cell; the germinal or

active spot of a cellule, through or in which cell development

takes place.</def>



<hw>Cy`to*blas*te"ma</hw> <pr>(-bl?s-t?"m?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/ hollow vessel + <?/<?/<?/<?/

growth.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>See

<er>Protoplasm</er>.</def>



<hw>Cy`to*coc"cus</hw> <pr>(-k?k"k?s)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl. <plw>Cytococci</plw> <pr>(-s<?/)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/ hollow vessel + <?/<?/<?/<?/ kernel.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The nucleus of the cytula or parent

cell.</def>



<au>H\'91ckel.</au>



<hw>Cy"tode</hw> <pr>(s?"t?d)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/<?/<?/<?/ hollow vessel, from <?/<?/<?/<?/. See

<er>Cyst</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A nonnucleated mass

of protoplasm, the supposed simplest form of independent life

differing from the <xex>amoeba</xex>, in which nuclei are

present.</def>



<hw>Cy`to*gen"e*sis</hw> <pr>(s?`t?-j?n"?-s?s)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ hollow vessel + E.

<ets>genesis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Development of

cells in animal and vegetable organisms. See <er>Gemmation</er>,

<er>Budding</er>, <er>Karyokinesis</er>; also <xex>Cell

development</xex>, under <er>Cell</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Cy`to*gen"ic</hw> <pr>(s?`t?-j?n"?k)</pr>,

<hw>Cy`to*ge*net"ic</hw> <pr>(-j?-n?t"?k)</pr>, }</mhw>

<pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to

<xex>cytogenesis</xex> or cell development.</def>



<hw>Cy*tog"e*nous</hw> <pr>(s?-t?j"?-n?s)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Producing cells; -- applied esp. to

lymphatic, or adenoid, tissue.</def>



<hw>Cy*tog"e*ny</hw> <pr>(-n?)</pr>, <pos>n .</pos>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Cell production or development;

cytogenesis.</def>



<hw>Cy"toid</hw> <pr>(s?"toid)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/<?/<?/<?/ hollow vessel + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Cell-like; -- applied to the

corpuscles of lymph, blood, chyle, etc.</def>



<hw>Cy"to*plasm</hw> <pr>(s?"t?-pl?z'm)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ hollow vessel + <?/<?/<?/<?/ a

mold.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The substance of the body of

a cell, as distinguished from the <xex>karyoplasma</xex>, or

substance of the nucleus.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Cy`to*plas"mic</wf> <pr>(-pl<?/z"m<?/k)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>\'d8Cyt"u*la</hw> <pr>(s?t"?-l?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ a hollow vessel.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The fertilized egg cell or parent cell,

from the development of which the child or other organism is

formed.</def>



<au>H\'91ckel.</au>



<hw>Czar</hw> <pr>(z\'84r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Russ.

<ets>tsare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>Caesar</ets> C\'91sar; cf. OPol.

<ets>czar</ets>, Pol.  <ets>car</ets>. ]</ety> <def>A king; a

chief; the title of the emperor of Russia.</def> <altsp>[Written

also <asp>tzar</asp><-- and tsar-->.]</altsp>



<hw>Cza*rev"na</hw> <pr>(z?-r?v"n?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Russ. <ets>tsarevna</ets>.]</ety> <def>The title of the

wife of the czarowitz.</def>



<hw>Cza*ri"na</hw> <pr>(z?-r?"n?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

G. <ets>Zarin</ets>, <ets>Czarin</ets>, fem., Russ.

<ets>tsaitsa</ets>.]</ety> <def>The title of the empress of

Russia.</def>



<hw>Cza*rin"i*an</hw> <pr>(z?-r?n"?-<it>a</it>n)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the czar or the czarina;

czarish.</def>



<hw>Czar"ish</hw> <pr>(z?r"?sh)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to the czar.</def>



<hw>Czar"o*witz</hw> <pr>(z?r"?-w?ts <or/  t??r"?-v?ch)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Czarowitzes</plw>

<pr>(-<?/z)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[Russ.

<ets>tsar<?/vich'</ets>.]</ety> <def>The title of the eldest son

of the czar of Russia.</def>



<hw>Czech</hw> <pr>(ch?k; 204)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One of the Czechs.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The language of the Czechs (often called

Bohemian), the harshest and richest of the Slavic

languages.</def>



<hw>Czech"ic</hw> <pr>(ch?k"?k)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to the Czechs.</def> \'bdOne <xex>Czechic</xex>

realm.\'b8



<au>The Nation.</au>



<hw>Czechs</hw> <pr>(ch?ks)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>; <sing>sing.

<singw>Czech</singw></sing>.  <ety>[Named after their chieftain,

<ets>Czech</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>The most

westerly branch of the great Slavic family of nations, numbering

now more than 6,000,000, and found principally in Bohemia and

Moravia.</def>



<-- p. 364 -->



